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r TECHNICAL BULLETIN THE AROCLOr POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS A series of heat-resistant, chemically inert and fire-retarding compounds ranging from mobile oily liquids through viscous resins and solids that perform unique functions in over a hundred dif ferent industrial and product applications. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/1 IS fT C :- DSW 323496 STLCOPCB4075143 r t THE AROCLOR POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS A series of heat-resistant, chemically inert and fire-retarding compounds ranging from mobile oily liquids through viscous resins and solids that perform unique functions in over a hundred dif ferent industrial and product applications. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/1 FUNCTIONAL FLUIDS The information contained in this bulletin is, to our best knowledge, true and accurate, but ad recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. The Monsanto Company disclaims any liability incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use. Organic Division / 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. / St. Louis, Missouri 63166 DSW 323497 1 4 STLCOPCB4075144 Table of Contents GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHART . 4 ELECTRICAL APPLICATION OF AROCLOR . 7 Dielectrics for Askarel Type Capacitors and Transformers.............................. 7 Impregnating Compounds...................................7 MECHANICAL APPLICATIONS OF AROCLOR. 10 Expansion Medium............................................. 11 Liquid Sealant for Furnace Roofs....................11 Vacuum Diffusion Pump Oil............................ 11 AROCLOR IN SPECIAL PRODUCT FORMULATIONS..................................................12 Sealers for Gaskets. . ..................................... 12 Dedusting Agent............................................. 12 Insecticides...................................................... 12 Precision Casting Waxes.................................12 Abrasives.......................................................... 13 Specialized Lubricants.....................................13 Industrial Cutting Oils.....................................14 Appendix Methods for Emulsifying.....................................15 Solubility Table......................................................16 Vapor Pressure......................................................17 Vaporization Rates..................................................18 Corrosion Resistance of Structural Materials. . 19 Viscosity Table......................................................20 Density Table..........................................................21 Dermatology & Toxicity............................... . . 22 Safe Handling......................................................23 Shipping Information............................................. 23 Ask your Man from Monsanto for additional Arodor literature: Askarel Inspection and Maintenance Guide Aroclor Plasticizers Technical Bulletin Therminol FR Fluid Heat Systems Engineering Heat Transfer Data Aroclor, Therminol, Sterox, Santomerse, Formvar, Lustron, and Resinox are registered trademarks of Monsanto Company. i DSW 323498 2 STLCOPCB4075145 I I0 What are the Aroclor Polychlorinated Polyphenyls These compounds are a series of chlorinated bi phenyls and chlorinated polyphenyls. They range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crystals and hard transparent resins. Aroclor is non-oxidizing, permanently thermo plastic, of low volatility, and non-corrosive to metals. Aroclor is not hydrolyzed by water, al kalis, or acids. The viscous liquids and resins will not support combustion when heated alone, and they impart fire-resistance to other materials. Crystalline Aroclor is relatively insoluble, but the liquid and resinous compounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols; 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. Aroclor is used alone for a particular physical job, such as insulating, and as a sealant or expansion media. Aroclor is also used as a component or ex tender in elastomers, adhesives, paints, lacquers, varnishes, pigments and waxes. The properties imparted by Aroclor (and their usefulness in par ticular applications) vary in regular gradient over the series. Selection of the right Aroclor for a par ticular use can generally be made by comparison of the properties, by blending two or more, and by adjusting the percentage used in the particular mixture in which the Aroclor will be formulated. The following table describes the properties of twelve Aroclor chlorinated compounds, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor shown, there is a dark-colored grade of approximately the same physical and chemical characteristics. These darker products are less pure, but are lower in price. DSW 323499 ____ 3 4 STLCOPCB4075146 __ . General Physical Properties of the Aroclor" Chlorinated Compounds f) Form.......................................................... Aroclor 1221 Colorless mobile oil Color.......................................................... Acidity -- Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gm.)... Average Coefficient of Expansion__ cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity........................................ Pounds per gallon -- 25C(77F)............... Distillation Range -- ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C................................................... 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00071 (15-40C) 1.182-1.192 (25/15.5C) 9.85 275-320 Evaporation Loss --- % -- ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C..............................................5 hrs. 100C.............................................. 6 hrs. Flash Point -- Cleveland Open Cup........... C F Fire Point -- Cleveland Open Cup............. C F Pour Point -- ASTM D-97.........................C F Softening Point -- ASTM E-28.................. C F Refractive Index -- D-line -- 20C............... Viscosity -- Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) Sec. (ASTM -- D-88) 130F (54.4C) 100F (37.8C) NONE indicates -- "No fire point up to boiling temperature'' -- 1.0 to 1.5 141-150 286-302 176 349 Crystals at 1C Crystals at 34F -- -- 1.617-1.618 30-31 35-37 38-41 Aroclor 1232 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.270-1.280 (25/15.5C) 10.55 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 152-154 305-310 238 460 -35.5 -32 -- -- 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 44-51 Aroclor 1242 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.381-1.392 (25/15.5C) 11.50 325-366 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 176-180 348-356 None* -19 2 -- -- 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 82-92 Aroclor 1248 Colorless to light yellowgreen, clear, mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.405-1.415 (65715.5%) 12.04 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 193-196 379-384 None -7 19.4 -- -- 1.630-1.631 36-37 73-80 185-240 Aroclor 1254 Light yellow viscous oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.495-1.505 (65715.5C) 12.82 A)365-390 W.J - 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 None None 10 50 , -- 1.639-1.641 44-48 260-340 AwJ)1800-2500 ^ : 4 STLCOPCB4075147 ) OO OO 1 Aroclor 1260 Light yellow soft sticky resin 50 max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.555-1.566 (90/15.5C) 13.50 i 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 None None 31 -- -- 1.647-1.649 72-78 3200-4500 Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00064 (25-65C) 1.572-1.583 (90/15.5C) 13.72 395-425 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 35-38 99 -- -- 1.6501-1.6517 86-100 600-850 (160F or 71C) Aroclor 1268 White to off-white powder 1.5 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00067 (20 MOOT) 1.804-1.811 (25/25C) 15.09 435-450 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 None None -- -- 150 to 170 (hold pt.) 302 to 338 (hold pt.) -- -- Aroclor 4465 Light-yellow, clear, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 (25/25C) 13.91 Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00123 (25-99C) 1.470 (25 /25 C) 12.24 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 2I5-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None -- -- 0.2 . 0.01 247 477 >350 >662 46 115 60 to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266F or 130C) -- 46 to 52 115 to 126 -- 300-400 -- Aroclor 5460 Clear, yellowto-amber, brittle resin ' 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 (25/25C) 13.91 Aroclor 2565 Black, opaque, brittle resin ____ " 1.4 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 (25/25C) 14.44 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. -- 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260--5 hrs.) None 0.2 to 0.3 -- None None None ---- -- _-- 98 to 105.5 208 to 222 1.660-1.665 --. -- 66 to 72 149 to 162 -- -- -- sw 323501 _ 5 STLCOPCB4075148 RESISTANCE TO DRYING Aroclor is non-drying. Even when exposed to air in the form of thin films, no noticeable oxidation or hardening takes place. However, when used as a component of paints, varnishes or lacquers, it does not retard the rate of drying of the films. Quick drying varnishes and paints can be made using Aroclor in the formulation. FIRE-RESISTANCE Viscous, oil-like Aroclor and the Aroclor resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points -- temperatures in excess of 350C. Most of the Aroclor chlorinated com pounds flux readily with other resinous and pitch like materials to make mixtures that gain in fire retardance properties. Even when incorporated in nitro-cellulose films and rubber foams, Aroclor will retard the rate of burning. ADHESIVENESS AND THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclor resins adhere strongly to smooth surfaces such as glass, metal, varnished or lac quered coatings. Aroclor is permanently thermoplastic. It appar ently undergoes no condensation or hardening upon repeated melting and cooling. Clear Aroclor resins can be supplied with softening points up to 105C. Opaque, crystalline Aroclor can be sup plied with initial melting points up to approxi mately 290F. STABILITY Toward Alkalies -- Aroclor is remarkably re sistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. It is not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids -- Experiments were made to de termine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved dur ing the treatment of Aroclor with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal volume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which would give a precipitate of silver chloride if any HC1 came in contact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treating flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated negligible effect. Toward Heat -- Aroclor is a useful heat transfer media because of its stability to heat. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated at temperatures up to 315C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appre ciable decomposition and they are fire-resistant. Toward Oxidation -- When Aroclor is subjected to a bomb test at 140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY Aroclor has extremely interesting electrical charac teristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric constant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. SOLUBILITY All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water. They are soluble, however, in most of the common solvents, plasticizers, and resins. The Aroclor oils and resins are readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. Hard crystalline Aroclor is in general less soluble than the liquid or softer Aroclor resins. Aroclor is heavier than water, a valuable property for many applications. U 0 0 _________________________________________________________ 6 STLCOPCB4075149 Electrical Applications of Aroclor Aroclor is one of the purest commercial chemical compounds, virtually free of even traces of con ducting impurities. For this reason, dielectric properties of Aroclor closely approximate the theoretical maximum for these particular organic compounds. With its stability, heat-resistance and fire resistance -- Aroclor can be used for a variety of heavy-duty dielectric applications. DIELECTRICS FOR ASKAREL TYPE CAPACITORS AND TRANSFORMERS Aroclor is used per se in capacitors and is formu lated for the liquid coolant-insulation fluids in transformers. Such dielectrics must be highly pure with dependably minimal traces of electrolytes. They must be chemically stable and non-corrosive to a wide variety of structural materials. Most im portant, the dielectric fluid must be-fire-resistant. Aroclor is the only liquid in low cost commercial supply that meets these exacting requirements. Aroclor liquids 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260 are used directly, or are carefully formulated with chlorinated benzene and other additives to make askarel fluid for particular needs. Typical formu lated askarel fluids are shown on the following pages. Aroclor liquids 1242 and 1254, themselves or in special formulations, are used as the dielectric in fixed paper capacitors, for the power factor correc tion in utility transmission lines; for home ap pliances such as air conditioners, furnaces, washers and driers; for electric motors; and for ballast in fluorescent fixtures. There are also a number of applications in DC systems, in con densers, and the new energy storage capacitors. .The Aroclor fluids can be used in a wide variety of applications requiring a specialized dielectric. Monsanto works closely with electrical equipment makers to develop the proper dielectric with the exact physical properties required by the engineer ing of the equipment. IMPREGNATING COMPOUNDS Because of its nonflammability, high resistivity, dielectric strength and low power factor, liquid and resinous Aroclor is extremely useful as an impregnating compound. An important applica tion of Aroclor in the electrical field is the use of Aroclor 1260, 4465, and 5460 in wire or cable coatings and as impregnants for cotton and asbes tos braided insulation. Because they possess high purity and excellent electrical resistance, Aroclor 1254, 5460 and 1268 make superior dielectric sealants to close the pores of carbon resistors, and to seal electrical bushings and terminals. To attain the lowest possible loss factor and gain resistivity, Aroclor is often treated with about 0.20% by weight of Attaupulgus clay or Fullers earth. To activate the earth it should be heated to 450-500F. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (1) Aroclor 25C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm-cm at 100C, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) Power Factor (4) 100C, 1,000 Cycles 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500xl09 Greater than 35KV <0.1% 1248 5.6 4.6 Above 500x109 Greater than 35KV <0.1% 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500xl09 Greater than 35KV <0.1% 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV <0.1% 1268 2.5 -- 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500x10 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 - 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 (1) ASTM D-I50-47T (2) ASTM 0-257-46 (3) ASTM D-149-44 (4) ASTM D-150-47T DSW 323503 STLCOPCB4075150 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER ASKAREL (MIXTURE OF AROCLOR AND CHLOROBENZENES) Property Vise. @ 37.8C. (ASTM D88) Spec. Gravity @ 15.5/15.5C,, (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt, C, (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index @ 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure First drop 35% 55% 65% 95% Corrosion Water Content, ppm. Resistivity, 100C., 500v., 0.1" gap Dielectric Strength, 25C. Dielectric Constant, 100C., 1000 cycles* Tin Tetraphenyl* Burn Point, (ASTM D92)* Fixed Chlorine* Arc Formed Gases* (Oxygen Free Liquid 25C.) Electrical Stability* 'Determined by special request. Typical 41-45 Sec. Saybolt Univ. 1.563-1.571 150 max. Clear 0.01 max. --44C., or lower 0.10 max. 1.6075-1.6085 210C., min. 240-256C. 290-330C. 385-400C. 395-415C. After heating with aluminum for 6 hrs. @ 200-220C., the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection. The askarel fluid meets the following specifications: Color, APHA 200 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 5 max. Condition Clear 30 max. 100 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 35 KV, min. 3.8-4.2 0.125% + 0.01% by weight None up to Boiling Point 60.5 0.5 Total combustible gases including carbon monoxide, hydro gen and volatile hydrocarbons. After heating for 96 hours @ 100C in a closed container, the resistivity should not decrease more than 10%. 0 0 DSW 323504 8 STLCOPCB4075151 TYPICAL CAPACITOR AROCLOR Property Vise. @ 37.8C. (ASTM D88) Specific Gravity @ 25/15.5C (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt,, C. (ASTM D97) ,, Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index @ 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure Corrosion Water Content, ppm Resistivity 100C. 500 volts DC @ 0.1" gap Dielectric Constant 100C. @ 1000 cycles (ASTM D924) Flash Point Cleve. Open Cup* Fire Point C* Sulfates (ASTM-D117-31)* Fixed chlorine content (Carius)* Specific Heat @ 25 C.* Evaporation @ 100C for 6 hrs.* Dielectric Strength (KV) (ASTM D877)* Typical 82-92 seconds Saybolt Univ. 1.381-1.392 50 max. Clear 0.01 max. --14 or lower 0.10 max. 1.6240-1.6260 10% 325C. min. 90% 360C. max. After heating with aluminum for six hours at 210C 10C the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection and the Aroclor 1242 should meet the following specs.: Color, APHA 60 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 0.10 max. Condition Clear 35 max. 500 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 4.7-4.9 170C,, min. None to boiling point None 41.5-42.5% 0.29 0.4% max. 35 Min. Determined by special request. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT VS. TEMPERATURE Aroclor 1242 & Aroclor 1254 o o> I- z H<m zoo o Othur* _J UJ Q TEMPERATURE CENTIGRADE COURTESY OF THE JOURNAL OF FRANKLIN INSTITUTE AND BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES DSW 323505 9 STLCOPCB4075152 Mechanical Applications of Aroclor Because Aroclor chlorinated compounds have ex cellent shear resistance, heat stability, and are chemically stable . . . they can serve in dozens of mechanical applications for transferring mechani cal power, heat and variable pressures. Aroclor does not attack metals even at high temperature; it resists oxidation, chemical and mechanical breakdown under a wide variety of environmental conditions. Aroclor liquids used as lubricants im part a high degree of extreme pressure lubricity. HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLOR LIQUIDS at Various Temperatures 0 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AROCLOR 1248 Temperature C. F. 30 90 60 140 100 212 BTU./Hr./Sq. Ft/ F./Ft. 0.0680 0.0687 0.0697 Calories, gram/Sec./ Sq.Cm./C./Cm. 281 x 10-6 284 x 10-6 288 x 10-6 cs^506 10 STLCOPCB4075153 EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability at high temperatures and ability to withstand frequent temperature cycles without gum formation, Aroclor liquid is used as the actuating medium in bellows controls, thermo stats, industrial temperature control regulators and other kinds of automation equipment. The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was determined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 [1 + a (t -- ti).] The coefficient a, has been calculated at 100F increments as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Specific Volume ml/gm 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 LIQUID SEALANT FOR FURNACE ROOFS Because of their low vapor pressures and fireresistance, Aroclor 1248 and 1254 make excellent liquid sealants. These non-evaporating fluids have good flow at slightly elevated temperatures and are chemically stable at elevated temperatures. Consequently, Aroclor liquid makes excellent fluid sealants for any application where the use of oil would create a fire hazard. In the trough of an nealing furnaces, for example, Aroclor makes de pendable fire-safe roof seals. VACUUM DIFFUSION PUMP OIL Fluid Aroclor 1248 and 1254 are highly stable to air; they make good oils for vacuum pumps at a much lower cost than high priced silicone type oils. Aroclor operates efficiently in vacuum diffusion pumps used to pull high vacuum for metalizing plastics, dehydrating foods, medicinals, and for drying capacitor cones. DSV\f 323507 11 STLCOPCB4075154 Aroclor in Special Product Formulations With their wide range of physical properties, their inertness, lubricity, and vapor-suppressing char acteristics -- Aroclor chlorinated compounds can be valuable ingredients in an extraordinary variety of formulated products. They are compatible with a variety of solvents, oils and resins. Virtually non-volatile and permanently thermoplastic, they will not react with other chemicals in the formula tion. In addition, their low cost makes their use for special purposes eminently practical and eco nomical. SEALERS FOR GASKETS Aroclor -- particularly when hot -- swells rubbers like Hycar*, Koroseal*, PerBuna N, and Neo prene. Wherever seals and gaskets of natural or synthetic rubber tend to shrink under heat and use, Aroclor 1232, 1242, or 1254 can be used as a swelling agent to tighten the shrunken seal. An example is in automotive transmission oil: a small amount of Aroclor in the oil swells the seal in place, saving the cost of tearing down the equip ment to replace the seal or gasket. Aroclor can be used in gasket sealing compounds to swell the rubber after the gasket or seal is in place. DEDUSTING AGENT Aroclor 1254 is a low cost dedusting agent which can hold down the dusting of a variety of chemical products. Because Aroclor 1254 resists both com bustion and oxidation, it can be used to control dusting of highly reactive compounds. As a typical example, (1) a few tenths of one percent will con trol the dusting of calcium hypochlorite. Hycar and Koroseal are registered trademarks of B. F. Goodrich Co. (1) Covered by U. S. Patent No. 2,921,911, issued January 19, 1960, and assigned to Pennsalt Chemicals Corporation. INSECTICIDES Aroclor 5460 and 1254 act as vapor suppressants. United States Department of Agriculture scienttists reported that the inclusion of from 5 to 25 parts per hundred by weight of Aroclor increased the effective kill-life of a lindane spray up to ten times. A painted or metallic surface sprayed with certain chlorinated insecticides fortified with Aroclor will remain toxic to flies, ants, roaches and silverfish up to 2 to 3 months. The Aroclor resins suppress the rapid evaporation of the volatile insecticides without adding odor or other objec tionable residue. Formulation into insecticides is quite simple; the Aroclor is dissolved in a suitable solvent compatible with the insecticide formula tion, and mixed in. The most pronounced effect for increasing the kill-life of the insecticide is ob tained with lindane, chlordane and BHC. Aroclor is recommended for chlorinated insecticide formu lations to be used for non-crop spraying. Their low cost makes this use a most practical way to lower the ultimate cost of insect control. PRECISION CASTING WAXES Aroclor is compatible with various natural waxes, such as carnauba and others, including those used to formulate casting wax. Aroclor helps impart to the finished casting wax a number of desirable properties: hardness without brittleness; resist ance to shrinking; sharp definition; sharp melting point; and fire-resistance. Waxes formulated with Aroclor are non-tacky and highly stable. Waxes containing Aroclor are widely used in making dental castings, in the precision casting of aircraft parts, and for casting costume jewelry. Aroclor 1254, 4465 and 5460 are most frequently used . . . proportions dependent upon the properties re- 0S\N 323508 12 0 i) STLCOPCB4075155 0 quired in the finished wax. Much of the highest quality precision casting wax used in the lost wax process is formulated with Aroclor. AROCLOR IN ABRASIVES Aroclor 1254,1268 and 5460 are used in the manu facture of specialized abrasives. Because of their excellent bonding characteristics, high thermal stability and resistance to oxidation and corrosion -- Aroclor is used as the carrier for abrasive ma terials. A major use is as part of the bonding agent in specialized grinding wheels. AROCLOR IN SPECIALIZED LUBRICANTS For specialized lubricants requiring good extreme pressure (EP) characteristics, the Aroclor liquids make excellent additives. They impart high tem perature stability, excellent lubricating qualities, and weather and corrosion resistance. As an ex ample, Aroclor is used to formulate grease and pipe thread compounds for use in oxygen systems. Greases formulated with Aroclor have a high chemical resistance and are suitable for use in contact with corrosive chemicals. Gear oil lubri cants containing Aroclor have good resistance to sheer degradation and high temperature stability. Added in small amounts to railroad car journal box oils, Aroclor imparts better extreme pressure lubricity and reduces the incidence of hot boxes. The heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroclor chlorinated compounds make them attractive in themselves as lubricants under condi tions of high temperature. As an example: in gov ernor systems of central power stations, Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this lubricating application. Straight Aroclor 1254 gives excellent results on a roller bearing test operating at 255-260F with much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. As an extreme pressure (EP) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclor 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carrying proper ties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These two compounds represent one of the more satisfactory carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. STABILITY. Even at higher temperatures, there will be neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation. 2. NON-VOLATILE. Many other types of chlo rine bearing compounds are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service. Aroclor is non-volatile at normal temperatures. 3. NON-OXIDIZING. Aroclor does not oxidize nor thicken up to an objectionable degree. 4. NON-CORROSIVE. Aroclor does not attack metal surfaces. 5. NON-ABRASIVE. Aroclor exerts no abrasion on the machined surfaces. 6. NON-HYDROLYSIS. Aroclor does not hy drolyze in the presence of water, thus avoiding the generation of hydrochloric acid. COMPATIBILITY. Aroclor is completely miscible with mineral oils. COLOR. Aroclor does not darken or change the color of lubricating oil. DS\N 323509 13 STLCOPCB4075156 Where lubrication is subjected to water displace ment exposure, for example in the lubrication of bridge rollers, a heavier-than-water lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aroclor and oil. The following are typical examples: " Mix No. 1 2 % by weight Oil* Aroclor 1248 50 50 25 25 Viscosity 210F-160 Saybolt Secs. Color ASTM 7-8 Flash Point 545F. Pour Point 15F. Bright Stock: Gravity API 22-23 Pour PL 0F +5F Gravity at 15.5C. 1.1263 1.2703 Approx. Pounds/Gal. 9.4 10.6 0 AROCLOR IN INDUSTRIAL CUTTING OILS Aroclor 1254 is used to formulate the finest quality straight and soluble or emulsifiable-type cutting oils. The Aroclor functions as an excellent extremepressure lubricant and is far superior to aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons because of its higher order of thermal stability. The heat resistance is most important in cutting oils for machining high grade steel. With Aroclor cutting oils there is a lower degree of hydrolysis which minimizes the staining of the metal. 0SW 3235^ 14 STLCOPCB4075157 I Methods for Emulsifying and Making Stock Solutions of Aroclor There are several simple methods for making Aroclor emulsions; the one used may be selected to suit the kind of Aroclor and type of formulation in which it will be used. Emulsifying Viscous Aroclor Appendix (Portion 1) 16 lbs. of Aroclor 1 lb. of stearic acid (Portion 2) 8 lbs. of water I 4 oz. Triethanolamine Heat the Aroclor to a workable viscosity (180F plus) and stir in the stearic acid thoroughly. Heat the water to almost boiling (207F) and stir in the triethanolamine thoroughly. Pour the Aroclor stearic acid portion into the water portion, agitat ing vigorously. Then process the combined por tions with a highspeed emulsifying stirrer ... or process through a colloid mill. Emulsifiable Concentrated Stock Solutions of Aroclor 79 parts of Aroclor 16.70 parts of toluene 3.55 parts of isopropyl alcohol 1.00 parts of Sterox CD non-ionic emulsifier 0.75 parts of Santomerse anionic wetting agent The above formulation is readily emulsifiable with water. If a more resinous Aroclor is used, increase the amount of toluene (or xylene) as needed to dissolve the Aroclor resin. dSVM 3235^ ----15 STLCOPCB4075158 SOLUBILITY OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS IN 100 MILLILITERS OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS Aroclor Type of Solvent 1242 25C Hot Acid Acetic Acid.................................... Oleic Acid...................................... Benzoic Acid................................ S S 10.0 31c Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde................... Furfural.......... ................................ 1 VS Amine Aniline............................................ s Pyridine......................................... 132.5 30C Chloro -- derivatives Amyl chlorides--mixed............ Carbon Tetrachloride................ Chloroform................................... Dichlorethylene.......................... Ethylene Dichloride................... Monochlorobenzene................. Orthodrchlorobenzene............. Tetrachlorethane........................ Trichlorethane............................. Trichlorethylene......................... S S S -- S S -- S S s Drying Oil Tung Oil......................................... Linseed Oil.................................... S S Ester Amy! Acetate............................... Butyl Acetate............................... Cellosolve Acetate..................... Cottonseed Oil............................ Dibutyl Phthalate....................... Diethyl Phthalate....................... Ethyl Acetate............................... Ethyl Lactate................................ Ethylene Glykol Diacetate.... Methyl Acetate........................... Tricresyl Phosphate.................. Ether: Ethyl Ether.......................... S S S S s s s s s s s s Ether Alcohol Carbitoi*........................................ Cellosolve...................................... Diethylene Glycol....................... p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether.. . 224 31C s -- 16.9 23C Hydrocarbon Benzene........................................ Gasoline......................................... Kerosene....................................... Mineral Spirits............................. Paraffin.......................................... Pine Oil.......................................... Toluene.......................................... Turpentine.................................... Xylene............................................ vs vs vs vs 2.0 27.5C s vs vs vs Hydroxy--derivatives Amyl Alcohol................................ n-Butyl Alcohol........................... Ethyl Alcohol (3-A)..................... Glycerine....................................... Methyl Alcohol............................ Phenol--90%............................... s s 23.3 29C 1 42.5 29C 194 300 Ketone Acetone......................................... S Miscellaneous Carbon Disulfide........................ Nitrobenzene............................... Water.............................................. s s 1 s s -- 1 vs s 440 99C s s s -- s s -- s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s 307 99C s -- 19 99C VS VS VS VS s s vs vs vs s s 80.0 70C 88.5 60C s s s s 1248 25C Hot -- -10.0 32C 1 vs --,, -- -- 1 vs -- s s s -- s s -- s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s vs s -- SS vs vs vs vs 2.0 28C vs vs vs vs _ -- - 1 -- - -- -- -- 1 -- s s s -- s s -- s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s vs s -- SS VS vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs ._ -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- - 1 1254 25C Hot 1270 Cofd Hot 4465 Cold Hot 5460 25C ss ss ---- SS S S VS 1 II vs vs SS SS VS vs s 114 31C s 425 100C VS vs vs vs ss VS vs s s 3.7 -- vs vs 156 ss vs vs -- -- 3.0 -- vs vs ss vs vs s s 2.9 -- vs vs ---- vs vs ss vs vs s s 3.3 -- vs vs ss vs vs ss ss vs vs vs vs s s s s s s s s s s s s 173 26C s -- 8 30c s s s s s s s s s s s s 259 98C s -- 10 100C S vs vs vs vs vs vs s vs s vs s vs s vs vs vs vs vs ss ss s S s-- ss _ s s-- ss -- vs vs 3.5 vs vs vs vs vs vs --s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs <5.0 s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs 143 142 178 s s 1o 27C 15 26C SS s s 28 75C 22.2 65C S ss ss s ss I 11 11 ss ss sS s s 260 sS vs vs sS vs - 1 I I I _l I -- Insoluble S -- Soluble SS -- Slightly Soluble VS -- Very Soluble Figuies show grams of Aroclor per 100 milliliters of solvent at 25C unless otherwise indicated. *Carbjto) is a registered trademark of Union Carbide and Carbon Co. DSW 323512 16 Hr STLCOPCB4075159 '( VAPOR PRESSURE OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS VAPOR PRESSURE -- mm MERCURY (.( DSW 323513 17 mI STLCOPCB4075160 VAPORIZATION RATES Sample Wt. Loss Gms% Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 42% chlorinated paraffin dioctyl phthalate Dutrex* 25 Aroclor 1254 Dutrex 20 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 4465 Aroclor 1270 Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 Tricresyl phosphate 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 *Outrex is a registered trademark of the Shell Oil Co. Hours Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm.2 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vaporization Rate gms./cm.2hr./100C 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 APPROXIMATE VAPOR PRESSURES CALCULATED AT 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 0.005 mm. Hg. 0.001 mm. Hg0.00037 mm. Hg0.00006 mm. Hg. DSW 323514 18 STLCOPCB4075161 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS Arcelor Number Metals 1248 25C 125 C 12!i4 25 C 125C 4465 125 C 5460 125C Aluminum.................................................................... R R R R *RR RR Copper........................................................................ R D R D D D Magnesium.................................................................. RR R R R RR *RR Nickel......................................................................... RR R R RR RR R Silver.......................................................................... R R R R R R Tin.............................................................................. R R R R R R Zinc............................................................................ R R R R R RR Mild Steel.................................................................... RR R RR RR R RR Phosphor Bronze.......................................................... R D R R R R Red Brass.................................................................... D D R D R De Stainless Steel (Type 316)............................................ RR RR RR RR RR RR Yellow Brass................................................................ R Re R De Re Re ft Plastics Alkyd Resin No. 46594-12............................................. *P P *P P P P Alkyd Resin No. 46594-13A........................................... *D P *D P P P Cellulose Acetate (Fibestos).......................................... D P D P P P Durite(1) Phenol Furfural Resin...................................... *D .P *R P D P Formvar Highly Plasticized polyvinyl formal resins...... De T Pe T T T Formvar Low Plasticized polyvinyl formal resins......... PS T PS T T T Glyptal 1276................................................................. R P D P P P Glyptal 7136................................................................. *D T *R T T T Maleic Resin No. 46594-I3B.......................................... P P *P P P P Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C.......................................... P P *R P P P Methyl Methacrylate..................................................... *D P *D P P P Lustron B Polystyrene............................................... P T P T T T Resinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin....................... *D *P *R R *P *D Resinox Wood Flour Filled Melamine Resin.................... *D P *R D R P Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde................. *D D *D D R P Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde............ *D P *D *R D P Resinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde....................... *D D *D *D *D P Urea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)........................ *D P *D *P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: -- Based on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown. RR -- Excellent resistance -- less than 1.0 x 10-- cm/day penetration or .00014 in/yr. R --Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10" and 10 x 10" cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. D -- Doubtful resistance, penetration between 10 x 1Q" cm/day and 100 x 10"* cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. P -- Poor resistance -- penetration greater than 100 x 10" cm/day or 0.014 in/yr. PS -- Poor resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance, e -- following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. T -- Material alone will not stand temperature. (1)-- Durite is a registered Trademark of Borden Chemical Co. SW 323515 ___ 19 STLCOPCB4075162 VISCOSITY RANGES OF SOME OF THE AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS * VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS DSW 323516 20 STLCOPCB4075163 ((' DENSITIES OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 TEMPERATURE DEGREES C ( DSW 323517 21 STLCOPCB4075164 Dermatology and Toxicology At ordinary temperatures the Aroclor poly chlorinated polyphenyls have not presented in dustrial toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their vola tility: the lower-chlorinated ones, being more volatile, present more of a potential problem from the standpoint of both inhalation and skin con tact. When Aroclor is used at elevated tempera tures, engineering controls must be applied, either by the use of closed systems or by effective localexhaust ventilation together with general work room exhaust. Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maxi mum safe concentration of vapor is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aro clor compounds per cubic meter of air. The thresh old limits (maximum allowable concentration for an 8-hour working day) set by the American Con ference of Government Hygienists are 1.0 milli gram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor compounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highly-chlorinated compounds, such as Aro clor 1254, per cubic meter of air. Schwartz patch tests on 200 volunteers showed that neither Aroclor 1254 alone when applied to gauze nor a polyvinyl chloride film containing 11.5-weight-per cent Aroclor 1254 was a primary irritant or a sensitizer. Canvas coated with an oilmodified alkyd resin (17-weight-per cent of the paint-film solids and 7-weight-per cent of the painted fabric was Aroclor 5460) did not produce primary skin irritancy or sensitization according to the same Schwartz technique. Continuous or re peated skin contact with Aroclor must be avoided because of the possible occurence of a condition called chlorance. Although reports of this condi tion caused by Aroclor are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. DSW 3235i8 22 STLCOPCB4075165 r Safe Handling Vapors of the Aroclor liquids at room temperature should not be breathed in a confined space. Vapors evolved at elevated temperatures should not be allowed to be dispersed into the general workroom. Instead, engineering control must be applied to reduce vapor concentrations below the allowable concentrations mentioned above. Continuous or repeated skin contact with Aroclor must be avoided by the use of gloves and pro tective garments. If any Aroclor is spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual man ner with a soap solution. A burn caused by contact with a hot Aroclor should be treated like any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately, unless treatment of the burn de mands it, in which case either soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recom ci mended. Shipping Information Freight Classification AROCLOR 1221,1243,1242, 1248.1254.1260.1262 Rail Classification AROCLOR 1268, 2565, 4465, 5442, 5460 Truck Classification AROCLOR 1268, 2565 AROCLOR 4465, 5442, 5460 Shipping Regulations Standard Containers AROCLOR 1221 AROCLOR 1232 AROCLOR 1242,1248,1254, 1260.1262 AROCLOR 1268 AROCLOR 2565, 4465 AROCLOR 5442 AROCLOR 5460 (flaked) Synthetic Resin, Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Other Than Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Powder, NOI Synthetic Resin, Lumps or Solid Mass, NOI None Tank car, 520-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 550-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 600-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 200-lb. fiber drum, 50-lb. can 500-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 450-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 100-lb. bag DSW 323519 23 STLCOPCB4075166 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Towers West, 3390 Peachtree Rd. N.E. Tel. (404) 231-4320 ' _ BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (617) Dunkirk 7-5010 CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 3158 Des Plaines Ave. Des Plaines. Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tel. (513) 751-6707 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44122 3645 Warrensville Center Rd. Tel. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers Tel. (313) 357-0910 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tel. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Flotilla St. Tel. (213) Raymond 3-2492 MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55402 912 Northstar Center 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) Federal 9-4651 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenue Tel. (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Gateway Center Bldg. Room 1406 Tel. (412) 261-2156 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 SAN FRANC/CSO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette, Santa Clara, Calif. 95052 Tel. (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenue Tel. (206) Main 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester A ve. Tel. (413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike, Fairfax Tel. (302) Olympia 8-6531 Additional District Offices are maintained by: Agricultural Division EL DORADO. ARKANSAS 71731 Smackover Highway P. O. Box 231 Tel. (501) Union 3-3151 LULING, LOUISIANA 70070 P. O. Box 174 Tel. (504) 784-2911 Building Products Department ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90066 814 San Fernando Road Tel. (213) CA. 2-9111 Chemstrand Company Division AKRON. OHIO 44313 3030 West Market St. Tel. (216) Temple 6-7941 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building 129 West Trade St. Tel. (704) 376-9871 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10001 350 Fifth Ave. Tel. (212) 556-5100 ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS. N. J. 661 Palisades Ave. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07631 Tel. (201) 568-2151 Hydrocarbons & Polymers Division Lion Oil EL DORADO, ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building Tel. (501) Union 3-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 392'09 P. O. Box 10937 Westland Station Tel. (001) Fleetwood 2-3648 LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72203 1515 West Seventh St. Tel. (501) Franklin 6-2437 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38101 1023 Riverside Drive P. O. Box 252 Tel. (901) WhitehalF8-4451 Organic Chemicals Division (Rubber Industry) AKRON, OHIO 44311 920 Brown Street P. O. Box 2307 Tel. (216) Hemlock 4-1921 MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD., ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63106 I ti\i { | | 24 2-2130-0466-6 LITHO IN U.S.A. pS'N FUNCTIONAL FLUIDS STLCOPCB4075167 STLCOPCB4075168