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1 EXHIBIT 5Ace D.M. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT INSULATION MARKET 4,4035-1 C. N. Williams March 31, 1965 'M frAx &M*i9C01S MARKITINO (MARCH DIPAITMt^ ^ S53 THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY DOW 05420 ST036M 10 THE HIGH TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT INSULATION MARKET Circulation of Dow Marketing Research Reports All Dow Plastics Marketing Research reports are to be treated as confidential. Infonoation therein may not be released outside of the company without approval of the manager. C. N. Williams March 31, 1965 0146 SSI DOW 05421 ST036411 I DISTRIBUTION Summary Only D. K. Ballman, Executive Sales, 47 Building V. C. Goggin, Plastics Department, 433 Building G. J. Williams, Executive Sales, 47 Building L. B. Grant, Executive Sales, 47 Building Report D. E. Ballast, Physical Research Lab., 280 Building R. F. Boyer, Plastics Department, 433 Building W. L. Bressler, B-1215, Freeport D. S. Chisholm, Plastics Research, 1702 Building D. L. Graham, Plastics Development & Service, 433 Building J. D. Griffin, Plas. Prod. Res. Serv., 433A Building K. W. Guebert, Technical Service & Devel., Abbott Road Building P. N. Hall, Physical Research Lab., 280 Building G. D. Jones, Physical Research Lab., 280 Building H. W. McCormick, Physical Research Lab, 280 Building P. Meeske, Plastics Department, 433 Building W. R. Nummy, Plastics Development & Service, 433 Building G. E. Olson, Marketing Research, 433 Building J. J. Regan, Plastics Sales, 433 Building F. E. Towsley, Plastics Department, 433 Building H. B. Weisl, Plastics Sales, 433 Building T. E. Werkema, Plastics Department, 433 Building C. R. Wiles, Foam Prod. Res. Lab., 507 Building C. N. Williams, Physical Research Lab., 280 Building E. E. Ziegler, Plastics Development & Service, 433 Building Central Research Index - Midland Central Research Index - Freeport Central Research Index - Plaquemine 0146 355 DOW 05472 TABLE OF CONTENT SUMMARY Purpose and Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------Product Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Product System---------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------------- Market Size and Description-------------------Price Structure------------------------------------------------Comparative Economics-----------------------------------------------------------------Industry Structure------------------------------------------------Dow Cellular Glass Perspective-------------------------------------------------Discussion ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 12 14 20 21 26 29 34 Appendix Exhibit Exhibit Exhibit Exhibit Exhibit I -------------------------------------------------------------------II -----------------------------------------------------------------III------------IV ------------------------------------------------------------------V-------------------------------------------------------------------- i vii xiii xxxviii xxxx ST03 64112 0146 956 0S4?3 DOUi SUMMARY This study^describes the nature, scope and marketing pro cedures of the high'temperature^(200r^ to 2000PF^ > ^Insulation^ lIndusiry^The total value is estimated to be about $200 million net to the manatactoreg y About 80% of this Lb to shapes for^pipe^ and vessel insulkticoJ^Tha other^20% Is ^in board or slab form with a small* percentage otAthe ^vaiue going to sprayedinsulation] Approximately SUED million ol the market Is of flbroue^ glass type products lapWaina `composed OOUI 05424 ST0364113 Summary - 11 Of special Interest are the economics of the slab or board stock vs the economics of the molded shapes pipe insolation Raw material costs play a much more critical part In the cost of slab stock while manufacturing costs are very critical In the forming of special shapes Thus fibrous products which have slvnlfloant economic advantage over white goods for slab stock lose it to a grea extent in the shaped form for pipe Insulation The market has the following significant characteristics Bomtnatloh by five companies J ohnm-HanttitiC OwenS'-Comlmg Armstrong Cork Ba ldwlnwfinre trs-Hild phi-ilpfijare S T 0 3 6 4 I14 0oU 05^25 Summary The Dow foamed glass development In research does moi&rli well Into the picture which was developed. This situation la based on three primary factors Economical Thearew material costeWas wa hoy an them rare nigh While they mav Ebe Lonrad ess slderably cur complete knowiedgewoT the economics ot manuTactur 1 molded shapes our of Do oeilaiaa glass is -fl distinct drawback Hoidednsnaoe stitute the bulk of the mar The properties ol Dow cell offer oovslsoKaoant advantage* tlonB would ind cat sent ol the market totaiang $20 Twees best several offer HIGH TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT INSULATION MARKET I. PURPOSE AMD METHODOLOGY The purpose of this study was to describe the scope of the high temperature insulation industry, its products and its marketing procedures. Specifically, the study was undertaken to furnish infor mation in support of a decision whether or not to continue effort on a research project concerned with foamed glass. It was felt that this product may have possibilities as a high temperature insulation. This product is referred to as Dow cellular glass in this report. The information was obtained from reference manuals, brochures, articles in journals, questionnaires and personal communication with insulation manufacturers, distributors, contractors, labor and con sumers. The various contacts and bibliography are given in Exhibit I of the Appendix. The dollar value was estimated by cross-referencing and comparing localized and individual estimates and figures. The scope of this study encompassed insulation used in the temperature ranges roughly from 200F. to 2000F. The information was gathered while the author was on special assignment to the Marketing Research Department from the Physical Research Laboratory. G. E. Olson assisted in the preparation of the summary. U6 960 DOW 05427 ST0364116 -2- II. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION The various types of thermal insulation are listed in Table I along with their most important physical properties. Figure 1 is provided as a quick reference to the temperature usage of the various types. Thermal insulation made from the materials listed on Table I are supplied in various forms to do different jobs. They are molded or cut into cylinders, half cylinders or curved segments for appli cation to piping, and into flat or curved blocks for vessels and large equipment. Insulating cements come in dry form to be mixed with water, for application by trowel < irregular surfaces, or as a final finish on other types. Fibrous materials, in addition to the above forms, also come in flexible blankets, semi-rigid felts, and loose and granulated forms. ST0364117 Pipe insulationsare made in "simplified thicknesses", in which the outside insulation diameter is approximately the same as the diameter of standard iron pipe, so that building up the thick ness of insulation in layers is possible. Actual thicknesses are related to but vary above and below nominal thicknesses. All pipe insulations are furnished in 1/2, 1, 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2 inch, etc., nominal thicknesses and in specifying and ordering, pipe insulation is referred to by pipe size and nominal thickness only. The various types of high temperature thermal insulations are discussed below. The manufacturing processes for each important type of insulation are described in Exhibit II of the Appendix. Fiber Glass 0146 861 Fiber glass insulations are manufactured from specific pro portions of silica and other glass-forming compounds. These are fused and drawn, flame-blasted or spun into boro-silicate glass fibers of consistent chemical composition. The fibers are combined with binders and molded into self-contained boards and cylindrical pipe Insulation, with or without binders they are formed into flexible blankets and semi-rigid felts. They also come in the loose form in containers. DOW 05428 1 I *19C0 1 S6 0 1 4 6 9 6 2 _________________TATLK 1 C O M P A R IS O N O F" IN S U L A T IO N M A T E R IA L S -- M O T 40O4>m*s4s s3!{-i-! o12U%fj aXj:..*;?*^*X*,I<*$*S !j ii 4V>XO44 34 | l 4sI 3;25I-S1<<i8oi H3*SI(5i5.5 a* taX !u4 fl ?Sat8!22Icj*4:ss5'3;<**Jdd8d4<*tt :iiAgo4 *t. i41 iSa2j 444o0l*i 2aaaJ t4l444 >>4|< v4?<xwS 52t4a s;>; is4 ii ii mm4f 545i 4it* I a|X59 jS i5ai = O 2 > iS;0:3gs aS i.3f5! ii 35$ if i Ci5 4 3I4 :443 434> t . in 4lx!5fX h H . 4*li*l**>tM* mil 9 t> S f t* n* titlfs* si ai if *li 2"551j* 24!",,50s1314.s4*-3{450jfs*8s*^*f*4a|4i*i|0s;a*ij !3a-5< luaai*|**a5m M 1 ii 5* *j5* i S3S4ilX5d|id4SSS?*ij45;5i M*ui !iat1*tosji 8i8hX 8ss;58s4a! l4ai2Si<44s4<jg-:J;s:<>i92su*2s : j| J? 344>?i!is::! ji:i! 44 :S2%iasi;4S1edii3:s;8t4*;aU:5i!*s< 4xh8< 44mo42:1I*o > s^ 4! 44 *- 4 * 48:dia<*jagsS. 1#is*2!1|h|a>1 4rt>a444js.. 0341iao *2S1aM2i4*ij4j4'^2foisa 4404 si is 44X34'*5940 4IS4fa 4* j*4*35*4 iftlasissi i* 4sIjS454J4i ii si Si n *am i! |i H4 i4 H4 4 O *S 0* H 24 ii h *itI3ssS*5*!:*i iVi 1o4t o*j 4V ft] 44Oa4*Si! s3*; 43 a14 -if ai4?4s34 2i?1f 8t 4S:S 4Sit4S31 :4*s43 m4 4 s a 3i i : 1 u8i 8< :8i m iifi nil ill 4\ 0 2 i44:si40 i4i4 tt 44a 5 .ii i! 44Hi iJi4 iii 44ns IU sin? sl91?llL5 2 144o i 8s a 1 48 44413 644242^244 Hi I4*f4' 34 8al 8#l 8; Hi :4;4t4c4 n4 4 i4 l4 i i*A M im 4 l:s Ii ia. i i i ii i 1 Hi5 fM4 .iis"i;t^Iii!lfqis*l9$ iiiil is u fi1Ifif1lltS*Ss*4 fill ii *j5i5f1o*ilfs sSiss?ii iiSfl* ; I i t i!: 1 lilltit fl\|i|1U Hiii i V8\I.2I ii 1i 4is niill, ;i h385i !Ii 1 8 i 4i 8 i lags 11 iifi ua>1 s 8 I S 0 4 i 4 5 s* 9 i. i1>1sa 1 1 ;!, tJ9 JI*B5 -! S| j'Si - I:S sfst s8i!J1 i14A m m 5 i t J i4 It ]is: Mi s*a4X9* m s.|3 *.i;2 45 0w5 *w>4?a 3 1 8 3 S 14 S S ,ssf . * !*i s fS 4 ai9O 24X 0 1I Si\ ll l 9 i1333>:s1f ifii ii ai 1 A il 43 i . <i u 9X 1t IS9a; C4iX1 3584* Xj<|*>4t-ti _______ DOW 05429 ST0364119 4 Figure 1. Insulation Products vs. Temperature 014$ 3S3 DOW 05430 -5- Fiber glass is making rapid inroads into the insulating field temperature range 200-400F. where 85% magnesia was once king. The 85% magnesia portion of the market has dropped from about 50% of the market to less than 2% in the last ten years. Calcium silicate also has captured some of the 85% magnesia market at the upper temperature range of 300-600F. Owens-Corning Fiberglas has aimed at this and other market segments also with new fiber glass products using higher temperature binders. Because the glass itself will withstand better than 1000F. the temperature resistance of the binder is the current limiting factor to broader usage. WKMEbJt Two Owens-Corning Fiberglass products, called "IS" and "High Temp" are bonded with an inorganic system with suggested use tem peratures of 700F. and 1000F. respectively. Experimental quantities are priced at $.26-.28 per board foot for a density of 10.75 pcf and k factor of .321 at 70F. Pipe insulation will be available about mid 1965 at a price competitive with calcium silicate. Fiber glass insulation has the advantage of lower k factor, lighter weight, flexibility, a multitude of factory applied coverings, and one-piece snap-on construction, which add up to less breakage, easier handling and lower installation costs. Despite these advan tages, fiber glass is not the ultimate product. Besides its low ^ elevated temperature limit, it has a poor compressive strength, willo absorb liquids, and causes some itching discomfort during hmdling ^ due to the needle-like fibers. There is some reported lung trouble -C" due to glass fiber dust. jyj The greatest drawback for the low density fiber glass (three pounds or below) is that It is very difficult to secure desirable ^ seals at the joints. A poor appearance is produced by the compression of the insulation and the crimping of the vapor jacket. An installs^ tion of this type would have a sausage-like appearance. A second draw back also related to the low compressive strength is the damage done to the vapor seal, appearance, and loss of insulation value due to the Internal compression of the fibers on crimping. Further, when ladders 0146 96? DOW 05431 ST0364I2I -6- or scaffolding are placed against or on the insulation, similar damage results. .Locations of known physical abuse like this are usually insulated with calcium silicate type insulation. The differentiation between fiber glass and mineral wool has been narrowed by additions to and further refining of mineral wool producing slag glass by some of the former mineral wool producers. The product is claimed to be a finer fiber and shot free compared with the old mineral wool but is not as yet as fine or resilient as regular fiber glass. Calcium Silicate Calcium silicate is made from silica and lime, molded with a small amount of asbestos fiber, and chemically converted by steam pressure autoclaving into a hydrous calcium silicate called tobermorite with a formula 4CaO*5SiO2'5H20. It is furnished in pipe sections and in flat and curved blocks, to be applied on heated surfaces up to approximately 1200F. A second type of calcium silicate of slightly higher density called xonotlite with a formula 5CaOiSSiO^'HgO is suitable for tem peratures up to 1800F. 85% Magnesia Eighty-five percent magnesia is a molded material composed principally of basic magnesium carbonate reinforced with asbestos fiber. It is used on heated surfaces at temperatures up to 600F., and comes in semi-cylindrical sections and segments for pipes, and in flat and curved blocks for other surfaces. It also comes in dry cement form to be mixed with water and applied in a plastic state to pipe fittings and other irregular surfaces. Where temperatures exceed 600F. it is often used as the outer layer over a diatomaceous silica inner layer. Use of 85% magnesia has dropped to less than 2% of the present market and will soon be gone entirely. There are presently only one 01116 JKK DOU 05432 -7 - or two manufacturers producing 85% magnesia according to the BaldwinEhret-Hill Detroit office. Baldwin-Ehret-Hill ceased production in September 1964. Diatomaceous Silica Diatomaceous earth insulation is made from the siliceous remains of microscopic diatoms, using clay, lime and asbestos for bonding and reinforcing. It is molded into pipe sections and seg ments, and into flat and curved blocks for large surfaces. One type is suitable for temperatures to approximately 1600F. and a second type to 1900F. It is often used as the inner layer of two-layer insulation construction so as to permit use of a lower temperature, density, and thermal conductivity product as the outer layer. The 1600F. type has a density of 21-22 pcf, and the 1900OF. type 23-25 pcf. Diatomaceous silica also is available in aggregate form for fill and as an ingredient for cements. Expanded Perlite (Silica) Perlite is an inert siliceous volcanic rock containing some combined water. When crude perlite particles are heated above 1600F., the water vaporizes and perlite expands 10 to 20 times its original volume. Expanded perlite contains countless tiny, glass-sealed air cells or bubbles. For molded insulation products the perlite is combined with binders and reinforced with inorganic fibers. It is suitable for temperatures to 1600F. Mineral Fibers (Rock and Slag) Rock aid slag fibers are made by melting siliceous rocks and slags and steam-blowing or spinning the molten mass into fibers. These are combined with binders and formed into boards, blocks and cylindrical pipe sections; blankets or felts are sometimes encased in wire mesh. Fibers in loose or granulated form are used for packing into spaces. Combined with high-temperature bonding clay or other binders to form cements, they are applied by troweling to form a monolithic insulation. 0146 $65 DOW 05433 ST036>* 122 -8 - Blocks and boards with inorganic binders, such as bonding clay and asbestos fiber, are used up to 1800F., in densities from 16-24 pcf. One type of blanket, with felted fibers held between wire mesh and with or without binders, is used on flat and cylindrical surfaces at temperatures up to 1200F. Density ranges from 6-15 pcf. One type of cement used with mineral wool, applied in several heavy coats to build the required thickness, has a density of 24-30 pcf and is used at temperatures up to 1800F. A second type, a hydraulicsetting finishing cement, is quick hardening, has a density of 30-35 pcf, and is used up to 1200F. Glass (Cellular) Foamglas, the only cellular glass now on the market and made by Pittsburgh Corning, is made from a modified boro-silicate type of glass, melted and foamed by a heating and chemical process. The resulting rigid glassy material contains sealed cells and weighs approximately 8-10 pcf. It is used for insulating piping and equipment operating at temperatures up to 800r. - The material is furnished in pipe sections and in flat and curved blocks. Foamglas was first placed on the market in 1942. Several factors contribute to the production of this new material, but most important were: 1. An idea that there was a need for a waterproof, fire proof, Inorganic material for a low density and low thermal conductivity material to serve industry as an lnsulant. 2. The Navy's need for a buoyancy material which would stand up well in salt water, be buoyant enough to float anti-submarine nets, and withstand the action of enemy bullets. Since the United States was at war during 1942, the larger part of the development of Foamglas was pointed toward the pro duction of a buoyancy item. From Foamglas a cube was formed approximately 8' on a side. These were protected on the outside ST0364I23 Oldfi DOW 05434 -9- by heavy planking. They were floated out Into the souths of harbors and rivers by the thousands and there used to hold up steel anti submarine nets. During the war years, the vast quantity of Foamglas produced was used for this purpose; however, some Foamglas was avail able and was used as an insulant for roofs, cold storage and wall insulation for humidity controlled buildings such as exist in the textile industry. ST0364124 Because the availability of Foamglas was somewhat limited during the war years, the development of commercial markets had to be restricted and, as a consequence, Foamglas was first well known in certain parts of the country while in other areas promotional efforts and selling were delayed. Immediately after the war, however, it was thought that a full-fledged country-wide campaign would be started. This did not take place, it developed, because the increasing popularity of Foamglas placed a strain upon pro duction facilities. Improvements were installed at Pittsburgh Corning, Port Allegany, Pennsylvania plant which Increased its capacity well over 50% but even this was not sufficient to satisfy growing needs. Late in 1951 a new plant at Sedalia, Missouri was placed in operation, virtually doubling the capacity and in 1952 additional improvements increased it still further. In 1960 Mr. Lovett of the Pittsburgh Corning Corporation stated that they made approximately 100 million board feet per year or a little less. Asbestos In the insulation Industry, asbestos is used primarily as a reinforcement for the rigid calcium silicate type insulation. Normally up to 15% by weight is used, however; much higher percent ages are used in Pittsburgh Corning Unibestos and the various sprayedon insulations. The medium length asbestos fibers that sell in the range of $120-250 per ton are used for the reinforcement. A recent investigation and report has shown that workers in the asbestos and asbestos associated industries have a much higher Incidence of a rare form of cancer ' known as Mesothelioma. Previous work had found that lung cancer and possibly gastrointestinal cancer were markedly Increased also. ~_ 0146 SK DOW 05435 ST0364125 - 10 Sprayed Insulation Sprayed-on thermal insulations are being introduced by an increasing number of manufacturers or suppliers. The insulations are composed of asbestos and asbestos>mineral wool fibers suspended in a slurry and sprayed-ln-place on large tanks, ducts and boilers. The manufacturers or suppliers trade names and temperature lists are listed in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table VI-F. A page of notes on a particular installation follows Table Vl-F in the Appendix. Jacketing Jacketing of high temperature thermal insulation has been undergoing major transformation for some time. It has progressed from the on-the-job application of cotton canvas and paint to factory applied canvas to factory applied fiber glass mesh rein forced foil coatings to the use of present day aluminum and stain less steel jackets applied both at the factory and on-the-job. Some canvas is still applied on-the-job to insulation used by maintenance personnel. The usage of aluminum and stainless steel jackets will not completely eliminate the canvas, asphalt, and fiber glass coverings However, in areas of extreme physical abuse, extreme weather, chemical, heat or fire exposure the metal jackets are always used. Plain cotton canvas jacket cloth is available in 4, 6 and 8 ounce weights. Owens-Coming is introducing a new close weave Flberglas jacket which looks like the cotton canvas but will have higher strength, longer life, rot and fire resistance. The weather and chemical exposure on the Gulf Coast is extremely hard on the canvas and asphalt type jackets. Aluminum jacketing is available as plain or corrugated in eight different thicknesses ranging from .006" to .025" with the most common two thicknesses being .016" and .020". Aluminum elbows are processed from .025" and .032" stock. The trade union which has jurisdiction for applying the on-the-job aluminum jacket varies in different parts of the country. Generally, however, the Asbestos Workers can apply up to .019" while the Sheet Uetal Workers are * 0146 969 DOU 05436 11 required for the heavier gauge aluminum. Dow Metal Products Company has supplied several jacket fabricators with aluminum coil for pro cessing. Stainless steel jacketing has within the last year became somewhat competitive with aluminum. Generally the 300 series stain less steel is used, is .010" thick, and used only in areas of chemical or physical exposure too severe for aluminum. It is felt that in a year or two the price will be directly competitive with aluminum and that both metals will be used at an accelerated rate. At present if factory applied metal jacket is used, asbestos workers would install it regardless of thickness or type. It is not clear yet as to who would apply on-the-job stainless steel as few contractors have had exper ience with this material. No mention of stainless steel jacketing as such is made in the present labor agreements. U. S. Steel is one large supplier of stainless steel coils to the manufacturers of jackets. ST0361* 126 A listing of metal jacket suppliers is given below: Stainless Aluminum Insul-Coustic, Inc. Asefco Johns-Manville Childers Midwestern Metals, Inc. Fleet Marking Mirror Insulation General Aluminum Supply Owens-Corning Johns-Manville Pabco Midwestern Metals, Inc. Philip Carey Mirror Insulation Pittsburgh Corning Pabco Smith Products, Inc. Philip Carey Pittsburgh Corning Preformed Metal Products Co Smith Products, Inc. 0146 970 00U 05437 - 12 - III. PRODUCT SYSTEM Pipe insulations are made in "simplified thickness" in which the outside insulation diameter is approximately the same as the diameter of standard iron pipe, so that building up the thickness of insulation in layers is possible. Actual thicknesses are related to but vary above and below nominal thicknesses so that every size will exactly fit over or into another standard size and thickness. "Simplified thickness" was Introduced in 1954 to reduce the number of standard sizes and thicknesses of covering required. All pipe covering insulations are furnished as nominal thickness and pipe size when specifying and ordering as listed in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table VII. ST0364127 Factory molded insulation fittings have not been universally accepted. On the surface they appear to be a boon to cost savings, however, many adverse conditions come forward on close analysis. The first is the extra time and detailB required to estimate by s establishing degree of angle, clearance, flanges, pipe diameter, and welded or threaded joints for the molded fittings required. Compound this with the additional ordering, lead time, invoicing, warehousing, breakage, labor's reluctance, and availability, it becomes quite apparent that the economics are unfavorable. Molded insulation fittings are made and used but only to the extent that the consumer specifies. Several companies that manufacture them are listed below: , Fibrous Glass Products, Inc. Insul-Coustlc Corp. Johns-Manville Philip Carey Mfg. Co. Labor has also been reluctant, but is beginning to accept the two-piece factory molded fittings, however, it has not accepted the shop fabricated mitered fittings. Mitered fittings must be made on the job, however, special jigs are available for this resulting in little time difference. Another critical point to be considered is the measured fit required to lay up the fitting with a tight joint with the straight run on either side. This exact measurement is not 0146 371 DOUi 05438 ST0364128 - 13 required with the built-up asbestos cement systems. Labor defends this built-up system as a skill of their trade which is cheaper and as good or better appearing than the molded fitting. A change in fitting design, etc., may subject the premolded insulation pieces to obsolescence. A premolded fitting may have to be trimmed or cut on the job if too close pipe or wall tolerances are encountered_ The built-up system would be made to order for this application, that is if two hands can get to the work. 0146 97Z DOW 05439 ST 0 3 6 4129 - 14 - IV. MARKET SIZE AND DESCRIPTION The total high temperature insulation market is valued at about $200 million to the manufacturer. About 75% or $150 million of this is of fibrous glass type products including mineral wool. The remaining $50 million is made up of what is known in the trade as white goods. White goods are the silicates, perlite and diatomaceous earth products. Of this group, the largest volume is enjoyed by the calcium silicate type products. Foamglas is not a very significant factor at all in high temperature Insulation. Figure 2 depicts the market breakdown for 1964 by temperature usage and type based on a percent of the total market on a dollar basis. Figure 3 further describes the market breakdown for 1964 by establishing the temper ature limits as well as the percent market volume as Indicated by the blocked off areas. The high temperature insulations are not used much below 1000F. because of their higher cost, higher k factor, and greater density. The 1200F. class insulation is 180F. to 1200F. inclusive because of the cyclic nature of much equipment in this tem perature range. Table II gives the usage breakdown by area and by type of customer. It will be quickly seen that the market is concentrated in the north east U. S. and along the Gulf Coast. Further, it will be noticed that the chemical,refining and electric power industries account for almost all of the white goods segment of the market. It is significant that the fibrous glass is largely consumed by the category which may be called general construction. Owens-Coming's new high temperature fibrous glass products are undoubtedly an effort on their part to capture more of the white goods market seg ment. The basic reasons the "white goods" can't compete with fibrous glass in the lower temperatures are primarily because of unfavorable economics and k factor. Exhibit IV in the Appendix gives background material used to develop market size. 0146 973 DOW 05440 15 Figure 2 1900 1200 1 X I X Material Dollar va X Temperature Usage, 1964 Expanded Perlite 1600 Calcium Silicate 1800 Mineral Wool & Dlamomaqeous Earth 1900 / 800 600 1 400 ST0364130 Temp. F. X Temp. Usage 70X Foamglas 85X Magnesia Fiber Glass Calcium ^Slllcat^ 180L 70X X Material Dollar 22X-* 0146 974 DOW 05441 X - 16 - Figure 3. High Temperature Insulation Use Temperature aa Percent of Market Designated by the Area Blocks ST0364I3I Mineral Wool (low Temp. 180-400F.) Fiber Glass 701 Calcium Silicate (1200F.) Air Cell 300F. 1 180 400 ____________ L. 600 1000 I 1400 Temperature F. -JL. 1800 DOW 05442 - 17 Table II Market Breakdown by Area fc Type of Customer Consumer % Total Market Chemical Petro-Chem. Refinery ) ) ) Power (steam) Other construction Industrial ) Commercial )- Schools & ) Hospitals ) 10 10 80 % Insulation Usage Fibrous _% *X10# White Goods _% $ x 10 2 90 18 10 4 80 16 ( 85 ) -( 90 ) 144 ( 95 ) ( 15 ) ( 10 ) - 16 ( 5) $150 $50 Geographic East Coast Gulf Coast West Coast Great Lakes- Ohio River Valley Remainder U.S. % Total Insulation 25 25 10 25 15 % White Goods 25 35 10 20 10 ST0364 132 0146 976 DOU 05443 ST036U33 - 18 A percent of the market consumption trend for 1954 to 1975 for fiber glass, 85% magnesia, and calcium silicate is shown in Figure 4. It is readily apparent that 85% magnesia is being replaced nearly completely by fiber glass and calcium silicate. Baldwin-EhretHill ceased production of 85% magnesia in September of 1964. Foamglas is included since it does serve as a dual temperature pipe covering insulation and as block on heated tanks. Its usage is limited because of its sensitivity to thermal shock. Fiber glass growth is expected to continue at 10-12 % a year and control up to 80% of the high temperature insulation market by 1970. At present fiber glass is placed at 70-75% of the material dollar. 0146 977 DOUI 05444 ST0364134 - 19 Figure 4. Consumption Trend o High Temperature Insulations as a Percent of the High Temperature Insulation Market (180-1200F.) for the Period 1954-1975 Year 0146 978 DOU 05445 20 V. PRICE STRUCTURE A convenient tool used by the thermal insulation trade to facilitate easier price quoting for the multiplicity of insulation sizes was developed and is known as the "List Prices of August 1, 1907" It now Includes prices for all pipe sizes from 1/2" through 33" and for insulation thicknesses from 1" through 5" and has been further enlarged to a reference book with prices for each percent from -99 to +99 from the basic price index, known as "List Net". Each per cent is known as its corresponding table where the discounts or negative percents have the minus sign dropped (-20% - Table 20), however, on the positive side, the plus sign is retained (+20% Table +20). The "List Net" price index page is reproduced in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table VII. Nearly all distribution and using levels that sell or buy thermal Insulation use these tables as a very effective time saver and means of eliminating typographical errors when one considers the vast variety of insulations required, especially by chemical and refinery operations. As an example Dow, Midland in 1964 used four different thicknesses of calcium silicate type insulation on 17 different pipe sizes. ST0364135 It is normal procedure to have the same table quoted for a given type and thickness of insulation foam 1/2" to 12" pipe as illustrated below. Average Price for One-Piece Glass Fiber Pipe Covering Truckloads Table 1/2" thick* 44 (-44% from List Net) 3/4" thick 1" t thicker 27 5 LCL 1/2" thick 38 3/4" thick 17 1" It thicker +5 Note: For Insulation thickness less than 1" thick the 1" column is used from the desired table. 0146 979 DOW 05446 ST036M36 - 21 VI. COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS Table III gives a quick economic comparison of the various high temperature insulations of the k value at 100F. The relative economics at k values for higher temperatures are not greatly different and hence have been omitted. Calcium silicate has been used as a base for comparison because of its dominance of the market at higher temperature ranges. Three prices have been listed for Dow cellular glass. It will be noted that only at the 17$/board foot price is it competitive with the going price for calcium silicate insulation. Because of current interest in foamed clay it has also been included in this table. The data show it to be very competitive at the price of 9.5$/board foot. The above data are based on board stock and not on unusual shapes such as for pipe and vessel covering. Because 80% of the dollar volume of the high temperature insulation market is in pipe covering some attempt to relate the above economics to unusual shapes is necessary. The cost of fiber glass and calcium silicate pipe covering expressed as board foot costs for several different sizes are given in Table IV. The figures were developed from costs obtained from the Dow Material Center. For each material, the lineal foot price reduced to a board foot price does not appear to vary a great deal with the various pipe sizes. However, a comparison of Tables III and IV is in order. The price of fiber glass is in the vicinity of 10$/board foot in Table III and calcium silicate in the vicinity of 22$/board foot. In Table IV the board foot price of fiber glass pipe insulation is reduced to an average price in the vicinity of 40$/board foot. This is an Increase of four times while calcium silicate under similar scrutiny does not even double in price. Thus, the costs of con verting fiber glass into pipe insulation must be considerably greater than that for calcium silicate. The relation of board stock economics to pipe shape economics needs to be explored further in view of our interest in foamed clay and its potential as a high temperature insulation. Firstly, it is DOW 05447 - 22 - Table III Board: Comparative Economics Material Calcium Silicate Fiber Glass Eiber Glass Foamglas 0-C High Temp Dow Cellular Glass Upper Temp. Limit of. 1200 400 400 800 1000 1200 Mineral Wool Foamed Clay 1900 - Density 11.50 3 7.25 9 10.75 12 12 10 - 12 Price* .22 .07 .10 .14 .28 .17 .22 .25 .10 .095 k /'Equiv.*** 100F. ' ice .31 .22 .24 .0541 .25 .0806 .42 .19 .30 .271 .4 - .41 .225 .290 .330 .29 .0935 .46** .138 ) Price per board foot to distributor **75F. Equiv.: Calcium silicate 1200F. is taken as a base and the insulation equivalent is calculated by kg 1- x price * where k^ - calcium silicate 1200F.; kg " other material; price2 " price oDtihneer jiinnssuulation. v qjuuutt* 0 UjJ&. jjLULf> . , . a ST0364137 0146 981 DOW 05448 23 - Table IV Pipe Covering Costa Expressed aa Board Foot Costa (Dow Material Center Price) A Fiber Gla88 Pipe Covering - 3/4" Th Price Per Table li* Linear Foot From Llat $.204 JJM> -7 ,11 .250 ,2SH -7 .36 .334 3MS -7 .4o .366 %VJc0 -8% ,50 .465 .469>-7 .fc5 .601 ,(c013 -7% Pipe Size yf' Actual /inch Per Linear Board Nominal Actual ThlckneaaT Foot Foot Price Per Board Foot Eauivalent % .84 ,6 .76*442- 68.2 67.6 .474 $.431 .4% 1 1.32 t-35 77 ,445 683. 3,0 .580 .576 .431 Aoz2 2.38 2.41 .80 ,424 120.712/).0 .837 ,33 .399 2% 2.88 2..41 ,438.80 ,4*6 136.0135.0 .945 .346 ,y\o 3% 4.00 4-03 .76 .4Z4 159.0158.11.105 I.09S .421 AU 4% 5.00 S.03 .79 ,466 197.0|95.41.370 (.360 .440 Ml Volume - Circum. x 12" x thickneaa Asaumea fiber glaaa la coopreaaed to higher denelty on Inalde circumference. GO "H O CO o% B. Calcium Silicate Pipe Covering - 1 Thickneaa (Nominal) XL $.209 ,1040-5 .T1 .256 ,1565-s . 36 .34f ,3420-5 .4o .380 WOO -5 .50 .80 .530 .5200+6 .689 ab8fc+6 .764 rtifio-i .3701 2 2% 3% 4% 6 .84 .86 1.32 133 2.38 241 2.88 241 1-0/ 1.00 l.ol i.o1 1.04 1.03 4.00 4.63 *i `I5.00 5.03 6.63 6.70 58.0 U\'%> .483 $.433 79.5 ^5,1 .661 ,66^ .387 107.0 |323 .890 ,419 .384 152.015|. 1.06 1.054 .359 212.2 254Si.77 1.76*? .299 301.830302.12 2.104 .325 232.0217,11.93 1.^30 .396 GO CD . 435 .372 ,3bl ,300 .317 394 Volume of Calcium Silicate per linear foot * Vj.-V2 where V2 la the volume of the cyllnderlcal hole for the pipe and Vi ia the volume of the whole cylinder including the hole. 0146 982 DOW 05449 - 24 to be noted that here foamed clay presents an attractive compet itive situation in board form. Further, it cannot be predicted that these same favorable economics w>uld exist for foamed clay in pipe form because the manufacturing process for this conversion has not been investigated. In view of this, it seems reasonable to regard foamed clay similar to Foamglas and have fabricators make pipe Insulation as they do with Foamglas for chilled water lines. In one case, a rough comparison of Foamglas and Carey Temp pipe Insulation was given by a fabricator even though Foamglas cannot technically compete with Carey Temp in the high temperature ranges. The data are presented below. The basis is 1-1/2" thick insulation for a 1-1/2" pipe. Foamglas iMJbid' Carey Temp Materials 46$/lineal ft.* 56^/1ineal ft. Labor to install 30/ft. 30/ft. Labor to cover 25$/ft. Material to cover 12/ft. $1.13 /ft. 86^/ft. Foamglas cost and cost to fabricate into proper shape. ST0364139 At first glance this would not appear to be a very favorable position for foamed clay if it were substituted for the Foamglas. In actuality, this probably is the case. However, because of foamed clay's favorable board form economics and with fabricating and installing costs staying fairly constant, the picture should become sore favorable in the greater thicknesses and larger sizes where the materials assume a larger portion of the cost. It is not felt necessary to delve into this situation any further at this point. It has been mentioned because of foamed clay's potentially strong position with respect to competing with Foamglas in the low temperature pipe insulation market. A marketing effort on foamed clay in this area would most likely include fab ricators to form the foamed clay into proper shapes. A logical sequence vould be to expect these fabricators to use fabricated foamed clay where it would compete with factory formed calcium 0146 383 DOW 05450 ST0364140 - 25 silicate shapes. Further, if foamed clay is in their hands the potential exists of using the block form in place of other materials on the basis of the assumed favorable economics. 0146 984 DOW 05451 ST036414 1 VII. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 26 The manufacturer-distributor-contractor system mode and size of operation varies by company and with the volume of business in a given market area. It is also in a state of change. This is dis cussed in the Appendix in Exhibit III. Johns-Manville is the only major basic manufacturer of the three basic insulation raw materials: mineral wool, fiber glass and white goods. The other firms are basic producers of but one or two material lines and are supplied by others using either their own or the original producers trade names. This is especially true in the sundry material line where Flintkote, Benjamin Foster and Insul-Coustic are the major suppliers. A sample listing of sundry insulation materials is given in the Appendix in Exhibit III, Table I. Two basic manufacturer-supplier systems are encountered. Type 1 is headed by the manufacturer-supplier that owns or controls a distributor-contractor outlet (captive) while the Type 2 manu facturer sells directly to an independent contractor. Generally, the captive operations are found in market areas with sales of "white goods" type insulation of over two million dollars per year. The big five with captive distributor-contractor operations are Johns-Manville, Owens-Cornlng, Armstrong, Baldwin-Ehret-Hill and Philip Carey. Johns-Manville and Owens-Corning control over half of the business directly and an additional 25% through independ ent contractors. Baldwin-Ehret-Hill purchased the Insulating con tracting division of Mundet in 1964 to compete in the contractor phase. Philip Carey does not publicize the fact that they are in the contracting phase, but feel they must maintain these units in. the larger market areas. They have closed some of their contracting units where the power struggle between Johns-Manville and Owens-Corning has built up. 0146 985 Some insulation manufacturing companies that do not have captive distributor-contractor are Pittsburgh Corning, Pittsburgh Plate Glass, Ruberoid, Pabco, Eagle-Plcher and Nicolet Industries. These, others like them, and the big five mentioned above have only DOW 05452 - 27 a few franchised and many well established independent insulation contractors whom they supply a complete line of insulation products. A block diagram of the insulation Industry complex is given in Table V and the Insulation lines manufactured or supplied by the various insulation firms are shown in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table II. The home office and manufacturing plants are also listed in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table III. The economic life of the independent contractor is somewhat established by an unwritten mutual agreement with the large dis tributor-contractor system. The agreement pertains to the size of each job. In Buffalo a $10,000 contract is good,while in New York City a $60,000 contract is considered good for an independent contractor. The additional asbestos workers required on a large contract that the smaller independent contractor would need are recognized as a make or break factor in regard to extra cost and quality of workmanship. The ASTH, Military and Federal Specifications for industrial Insulation are given in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table IV. The several materials described in the Materials System section are grouped in Figure 1 on an increasing temperature capability scale and as such make up an over-lapping complete line of Insulating materials. The insulation product line is described in general blanket, board, and pipe covering categories in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table V by type of insulating material and temperature. A more specific breakdown by type of Insulation products by manu facturer, trade name, density, and temperature is also shown in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table VI; 0146 986 DOW 05453 ST036411*2 - 28 - Table V. The Ineuletion Industry Complex Manufacturer-Distributor-Contractor System ST0364143 Tm.1 Jobns-Menvllle Ovens-Cornlng Armstrong Baldwin-Ehret-Hill Philip Carey Tv** II Pittsburgh Corning Pittsburgh Plate Class RuberoId Eagle-Plcher Pabco Nicolet 146 387 DOW 05454 ST0364144 - 29 - VIII. DOW CELLULAR GLASS PERSPECTIVE For Dow cellular glass to be competitive in the high tem perature thermal insulation field its properties must match or exceed those of both Pittsburgh Corning Foamglas, Unibestos and standard calcium silicates. These properties are outlined in Table VI. In addition to the above properties, the various advantages and disadvantages of cellular glass insulation must be weighed as to conditions met in the field. The advantages and disadvantages are outlined in Table VII. General tests that must be conducted with satisfactory per formance for the industry to even consider timing Dow cellular glass as a high temperature thermal insulation are listed below: 1. hot asphalt dip 2. maximum temperature heat distortion 3. hot-cold pipe thermal shock cycle 4. thermal conductivity 5. vibration 6. "steam line banging" (with and without various jackets) A U. S. government accelerated life test and results for Unibestos pipe covering are described in the Appendix, Exhibit V. If the foregoing properties and tests prove themselves, a formidable task yet remains: The Market Entry. Entry methods for this product are (1) sell know-how, (2) license process and know-how, (3) established distributor-contractor system, and (4) the recommended way - through the independent selling company and the Insulation contractor. 0146 988 DOW 05455 - 30 Table VI Physical Properties of High Temperature Thermal Insulation Property Density Thermal conductivity Temperature, maximum Compressive strength Closed cell Thermal shock Vibration & steam line Size Jacket Price Other Insulation 9 - 12# .40 70F. .55-.65 Q 600F. 1250F. 100 psi 0-100% yes yes All pipe fc board to 36" length and 4" thick Cloth-plasticmetal $.14-.22 per bd.ft. Dow Cellular Glass 8 - 12# ? 1250F. 125 psi 55+% ? ? All pipe fc board to 36" length and 4" thick None to date ? ST0364145 0146 989 DOW 05456 ST0364146 - 31 Table VII Cellular Glass - Advantages and Disadvantages A. Advantages 1. Fireproof (non smoke contribution) 2. Waterproof (chemical proof) 3. High strength (rigid) 4. Dual temperature operation 5. Long life 6. Inert (non corrosive) 7. Odorless B. Disadvantages 1. Abrasiveness (hands, gloves, tools) 2. Glass dust and particles (eyes, lungs and skin) 3. Vulnerable to damage in shipping and handling (fragile) 4. Vulnerable to vibration and abrasion 5. Vulnerable to thermal shock 6. Foamglas: expensive in pipe covering form }based on the Dow cellular glass: expensive In board lorn] J*chMqSeunique ito each *46 990 DOW 05457 ST0364147 - 32 Before any of the above entry methods will succeed, a com plete Information and selling program must be undertaken with the following groups: 1. Architects 2. Consulting engineers 3. Consumer engineering and maintenance 4. Insulation contractor 5. Labor 6. Purchasing agents 7. Safety and hazard committees Target Some required properties are presently in the equal to or exceeding category, however, some not tested yet are the critical ones. Four of these that must be realized are (1) thermal con ductivity, (2) thermal shock, (3) vibration and (4) the price. Without these our market potential 4s nil. The least Important of these four is thermal conductivity, however, our values should not be much higher than the competitive white goods at any rate. It is thought that we are an order of magnitude better than P-C Foamglas in respect to thermal shock but have not established relationship with calcium silicate type insulations. Vibration, thermal shock and abrasion are problems with a fragile material eventhough it has high strength. The main obstacle lies with the economics. A poor economic situation is caused by a relatively high raw material cost and further it is known that the high temperature mold forming operation to make pipe insulation will not be Inexpensive. The glass powder raw material 0 $195 per ton is for bagged ton quantities of a highly fined glass ground to 95% - 200 mesh. At twelve pound density, we presently have 10$ of raw material per board foot of cellular glass foam. It is foreseen that this glass powder, since our end product does not require a highly refined raw material, could be produced from cheaper impure raw materials at a greatly increased glass tank throughput and shipped in bulk carload quantities. Another saving 0146 991 DOU 05458 ST0364148 - 33 could be made 11 the glass was produced and ground at the same plant where the final product Is molded. The total market potential with all properties listed In Table VI on the positive side would be possibly 10-15% or $20-30 million. This is assuming extensive inroads into the present fiber glass area and based on better selling effort to architects, etc., than is presently done by the industry. This would require the availability of a line of sundry products as listed in the Appendix, Exhibit III, Table I. A line of other insulation materials such as fiber glass and diatomaceous earth to supplement and complete the temperature and use range are also recommended to compete with a "complete line". 0146 992 DOW 05459 ST0364I49 - 34 - IX. DISCUSSION With the data presented as a vantage point, a clear focus can be obtained of the environment which we can expect for Dow cellular glass. The environment matched with the technical and economic characteristics of Dow cellular glass do not present a bright picture. Three salient factors seem to be the largest obstacle to success of this project. 1. Economics Dow cellular glass appears in an unfavorable position here. If added value were provided along with the higher cost, this may not be a serious deterrent. As it is, however, the product appears to have very little in the way of superiority. 2. Resistance to thermal shock and breakage These two physical factors are very important and failure to have the strength to resist thermal shock and rough handling can severely limit the market. 3. Lack of specific know-how on molding About 80% of the high temperature insulation market is for pipe insulation. If economics on the raw materials are unfavorable, con siderable savings must be obtained in the molding process for Dow cellular glass to compete. Knowledge in this area is critical if the project is to be continued much further in view of the major portion of the market where this consideration is critical. Critical analysis on the future course of the cellular glass project seems very desirable at this point. The probability of improving on the outlook from the stand point of economics, properties and processing it would seem, would have to be high to warrant continuing the effort much further. 0146 993 DOW 05460 ST0 3 6 4 150 APPENDIX 0146 994 DOW 05461 i Exhibit I A. Contacts Buffalo, New York Alfred University, Alfred, New York Armstrong Contracting and Supply Company Baldwin-Ehret-Hill C. S. Behler, Inc., Kenmore Buffalo Insulation Distributors Claxton Asbestos Company Construction Industries Dow Chemical Company - Sales Office Frontier Insulation ft Asbestos Niagara Asbestos ST036415 1 Chicago, Illinois Ace Insulators Commonwealth Edison Illinois Insulation fc Construction Company Industrial Publications, Inc. Insulation Board Institute Keeney Publishing Company Luse-Stevenson Company, Melrose Park Pabco Construction (Fibreboard Paper Products) Sargent & Lundy Detroit, Michigan American Insulation Company R. H. Anderson, Inc. Armstrong Cork Company Baldwin-Ehret-Hill 0146 995 Builders Exchange of Detroit and Michigan Building Material Suppliers Association Brown Insulation Philip Carey Manufacturing Company M. H. Detrick Company Ennico Fermi Nuclear Power Plant, Monroe, Michigan Fiberglas Supply and Contracting Div., Oak Park DOU 05462 ST036U152 ii Detroit, Michigan - Continued Hansen Wholesale Lumber Company C. Holmes Insulation Company Johnson Insulation, Madison Heights Oberson Insulation Company, Royal Oak U. 8. Thermo Insulation Company Zonolite Company, Dearborn New York, New York ASHRAE ASME Consolidated Edison EBASCO Edison Electric Institute McGraw Hill Chemical Week F. W. Dodge Power Myer It Strong it Jones Heating Company National Insulation Manufacturers Association Magnesia-Silica Insulation Manufacturers Assoc. Industrial Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Institute Magnesia Insulation Manufacturers Assoc. Perlite Institute, Inc. York and Sawyer, Architects Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Armstrong Cork du Pont IDCNA Johns-Manville Mechanical Insulation Association Owens-Corning Secretarial Service - Asbestos Sun Oil Company 0146 996 DOW 05463 ST036U153 ill Texas American Oil Company, Texas City Dow Chemical Company, Freeport Dow Chemical Company, Houston Gulf Oil Company, Port Arthur Houston Lighting ft Power Company, Houston Humble Oil & Refining Company, Baytown Marathon Oil Company, Texas City Monsanto Chemical, Texas City, Texas; St. Louis, Missouri Texaco Refinery Company, Port Arthyr Washington, D. C. Walter E. Campbell Company, Inc. U. S. Census Bureau - Industry, Suitland, Maryland International Association of Heat ft Frost Insulators ft Asbestos Workers (AFL-CIO) 0146 997 DOW 05464 ST 0364154 iv B, Bibliography 1. "The Asbestos Factbook", Secretarial Service, "Asbestos", Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania 2. "Asbestos in Composite Materials", C. Z. Carroll Porczynski, Engineering Materials and Design, Jan.-Feb. 1962 3. "Boron Compound Market Analysis", R. A, Bacon (Dow Marketing Research,Midland) March 26, 1964 4. "Characteristics of Thermal Insulation Materials", W. C. Turner, Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, South Charleston, V. Va., 1955 5. ibid., 1962 Edition 6. Conference on Biological Effects of Asbestos - Proceeding Monograph, H. Burge, Director of Public Relations, New York Academy of Sciences, 2 East 63rd Street, New York, New York 10021, October 19,20,21, 1964 7. "Desirable Property Chart for Pipe and Equipment Insulation", D. A. Huebner (Dow P.D.&S., Midland) December 22, 1964 8. Economic Index and Surveys, Inc., Colonnade Building, University Circle, Cleveland 6, Ohio 9. "Foam Glass", E. L. Kridle, Glass Industry, Yol. 23; 7,8,9; 1942 10. "Guide Specifications for Heat Distribution Systems", Department of the Air Force, AFP 88-007-1, August 1963 11. "Industrial Thermal Insulation", A. C. Wilson, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1959 12. "Insulation Costs for Piping and Vessels",.T. N. Dinning (Dow, Houston, Texas). Paper presented at "The American Association of Cost Engineers", Gulf Coast Section Capital Cost Symposium, Houston, Texas, Dec. 1, 1962 13. "Insulation Material Directory", Protective Coatings Group (Dow, Freeport, Texas) July 1, 1963 14. "Ipsen Industries, Inc.", Research on Method for the Protection of Thermantic Structure, Etc., Phase 2", AF33(657)-11286, October 1963 - April 1964 15. "Manual of Unit Prices for Pipe Covering and Insulating Blocks", "Asbestos", Secretarial Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1947 16. "The Market for Insulation in the Construction Industry", George Olson (Dow Marketing Research, Midland) Feb. 12,1963 17. "Market Study of Thurane and Urethane Sprays in the Gulf Coast", E. V. Hermes (Dow Sales Office, Houston), pp. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and Tables VIII, X, May 20, 1963 18. "Mechanical Estimating" Combined Vol. I and II, 3rd Edition, Hugh Carter Engineering Company, 222 Atlantic Avenue, Long Beach 2, California, Sept. 1957 19. "Mechanical Estimators Guide" 3rd Edition, John Gladstone, Technical Guide Publications, Inc., Miami, Florida, 1964 0146 393 DOW ST036U55 V 20. Minerals Yearbook, 1962 and 1963 21. "1958 and 1963 Census's of Manufacturers and Mineral Industries", U. S. Dept, of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D. C. 20402 22. "Opportunities for Plastics in Electric Power Generation and Transmission". W. E. Pearson (Dow Marketing Research, Midland), January 2, 1964 23. "The Potential for Caustic Soda in Glass Manufacture", R. A. Bacon (Dow Marketing Research, Midland) January 24,1964 24. "A "Power" Research Report on Insulation and Jacketing", Power Research, A. J. Gervino, Manager of Marketing Services, 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, New York, January 1964 25. "Refractories - A Preliminary Market Study of the Industry and of Dow Opportunities in It", W. W. Cooper (Dow T.S.&D., Midland), AA-1954, July 16, 1964 26. Register of Reporting Labor Organizations, Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1960 27. ibid.. 1964 28. "Rt-Thinking Thermal Insulating", National Insulation Manufacturers Association, New York, New York 1960 29. "Statistical Yearbook of the Electrical Utility Industry for 1963", Edison Electric Institute, No. 31, Publication No. 64-45, September 1964 30. "Structural Foams" Proceedings of a Conference presented as past of the 1960 Fall Conferences of the Building Research Institute, Publication 892, NAS-NRC, Washington, D. C., 1961 31. "Thermal Insulation", Steve Elonka, A "Power" Special Report, 330 W. 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036, March 1964 32. "Thermophysical Properties of Thermal Insulating Materials", Midwest Research Institute AD 601 535, U. S. Air Force, 0TS, U. S. Dept, of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230 33. "Thermal Insulation for Piping", NAS-NRC, Publication 896, FCC Tech. Report No. 41, 1960 34. "Thermal Insulation Thickness Charts and Material Character istics for Piping", National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Publication 1084, FCC Tech.. Report No. 46, 1963 35. "36th Semi-Annual Electric Power Survey", Edison Electric Institute, 750 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10017, October 1964 36. "Underground Insulated Piping Systems (Excluding Walk-ln Tunnels)", NAS-NRC Publication 1073, FCC Tech. Report No. 27, 1963 0146 999 DOW 05466 v-a 37. >. Patents 2,547,127 Kalousek; Calcium Silicate of Micro crystalline Lathlike Structure 2,665,996 Kalousek; Hydrous Calcium Silicates and Method of Preparation 2,674,775 Willson; Making Molded Panels 2,698,256 Shea; Siliceous Composition and Method for Manufacturing the Same 2,699,097 Binkley; Method of Manufacture of Heat Insulating Shapes 2,716,070 Selpt; Lime-Silica Insulation and Method of Making 2,754,547 Allen; Heat Insulation Composition and Preparation Thereof 2,748,008 Kalousek; Method of Making Porous Calcium Silicate Products 2,766,131 Selpt; Method for the Manufacture of Calcium Silicate Type Insulation 2,888,377 Allen; Calcium Silicate and Method of Producing Same 2,915,409 Taylor; Process for Producing Cellular Insulating Materials 3,001,882 Taylor; Thermal Insulating Material and Method of Making Same 3,025,176 Herrington ; Thermal Insulation Composition and Preformed Fittings Made Therefrom 3,033,648 Linden; Hydrothermal Process for the Manu facture of Hydrated Calcium Silicates 3,042,536 Bishop; Vinculum for Porous Alkaline Earch Metal Silicate Insulating Materials 3,116,158 Taylor; Thermal Insulating Materials and Method for Making 3,148,996 Vukasovich ; Foamed Ceramic ST0364156 <*u 000 OOUl 05467 Vi C. References 1. American Petroleum Institute; The Houston Chronical December 15, 1964 2. "Asbestos", October, 1964 3. "Asbestos", December 1963 4. "The Asbestos Worker", C. W. Sickles Editor (The Official Journal of the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulation and Asbestos Workers), Washington,D.C. 5. Bureau of Census, 1958 and personal communication, Mr. Biles 6. Business Week, December 12, 1964; Bureau of Census 7. Ceramic Age, February 1962 8. Conference on Biological Effects of Asbestos Proceedings Monograph, Hew York Academy of Science, Oct. 19-21, 1964 9. IDCNA Newsletter, Vol. 9, No. 12, p. 10, December 1964 10. IDCNA Newsletter, Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 6, January 1965 11. Manual of Unit Prices, Secretarial Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 12. Midwest Oil Register, 1960 13. Minerals Yearbook, 1962, 1963 14. Personal Communication, Mr. Sickles, President, Asbestos Workers Union, Washington, D. C. 15. Personal Communication, Mr. Leon Lunden, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 16. Pittsburgh Plate Glass (NIMA, Market Analysis Committee) 17. The Ruberoid Company, Facts and Figures, 1964 18. Register of Reporting Labor Organizations, June 1960; Jan.-1964 19. 36th Semi-Annual Electric Power Survey, Edison Electric Institute, Oct. 1964 20. South Bend Tribune, October 6, 1964 21. Statistical Yearbook of the Electrical Utility Industry for 1963, Edison Electric Institute, Sept. 1964 22. "Structural Foams", NAS-NRC, Publication 892, 1961 23. Time, November 20, 1964 24. U. S. News and World Report, December 28, 1964 25. U. S. News and World Report, December 28, 1964; Electrical World, December 14, 1964 26. U. S. Patent 3,116,158 (0-C 1963) 27. U. S. Patent 3,148,996 (Horizons, Inc., 1964) 28. Willman, Saginaw; Industrial Insulation, Bay City; Hollinger & Co., Midland 014$ ooi DOU 05468 ST0364157 ST036U158 vii Exhibit II Insulation Manufacturing Process The processing steps required to produce pipe covering insulation of fiber glass, calcium silicate and Dow cellular glass are shown as block diagrams in Figure I. Schematic drawings for processing various fiber glass products are shown in Figure II. A schematic drawing of a calcium silicate process as described in U. S. patent 2,716,070 is shown in Figure III. A schematic drawing of the Dow cellular glass proposed process is shown in Figure IV. Dow 05469 life t a p t t M m la s o lc tlo o F ra c n H l - Block Dtafrao DOW 05470 ST0364159 lx Figure II Process for Manufacturing Fiber Glass Products ST0364160 B. Process for Manufacturing Batts C. Process for Manufacturing Pipe Covering froa Batts 0147 004 DOU 05471 X Figure II - Continued ST036416 1 GLASS MATING TANK SUTTB INO PKY1NG OVEN [pAOCAGMO 8. Process for Manufacturing Superfine Wool % <WNj Omm fWiiij 9tafias Otof F. Process for Manufacturing Air Filters DOW 05472 xi Figure III Line-Silica Insulation and Method of Making U. 3 Patent 2,716.070, W. R. Seipt, August 23, 1955 ST0364162 .tMlMOKk*MIM 48- CMltAocMa lUt --47 0147 006 05^73 DOU xll Figure IV Process for Manufacturing Dow Cellular Glass ST0364163 Raw Material Muller Revolving Pelletizer Dryer C9 9P 00 P 9m 99 e o JLL Packaging (T He rA>p p.p a n _Un Annealing Oven u I J . I I T III U Foaming Furnace C Mold Ejector Mold Clean fc Return 0147 007 DOLJ 05474 ST0364164 xiii Exhibit III Industry Structure - Background 0147 008 DOIJ 05475 xiv Table I - Insulation Sundry Materials 3ENJAMIN FOSTER PRODUCTS , Prices No. IN-1-20 Pogo 1 of Data April 9, 1962 Supersedes VR/62 ST0364165 A> soles ora subject to Owent-Corning Fiberglot Corporation general terms and condition* of tola for warehouse tolas. PAYMENT TERMS. \% 10th Prax., Not 30th Piox. SHIPPING TERMS. Ex Warehouse: F.0.5. Warehouse Ex Foctoryt F.O.S. Philodalphlo, Po. oxeopt at notod. A mmSh ee> 1 T* pm kMS pm mim, m --m mb ke |M> 1*1 hMM (I.A1 M> m+ti. t--ltll mtp If.to wAw. coot No. ftOOUCT NAMR twapauutt t-MA MO mstt t-ca ua 30-01 Protection Kota........................................... $4.05 $ 4.15 $ 4.35 30-30 Fira Resistive Vapor 5orrior (brushing).... 4.05 4.15 425 30-42 Vinyl Vapor Sorrier, Whitt.......................... 570 5.50 * 6.00 dr 30*420T Vinyl Vapor barrier, Oconge Tint............. 6.05 6.15 625 30-43 Hoot Resistant Soolor.................................. 30-79 Cold Soolor, While..................................... 3.65 per Rs. -- oil sixes (3*. 12*. 60#) 4.65 475 1 4.95 * 50-56 Viloct Vinyl Coating, Medium Gray........... 4.65 475 4.95 51-06 Stockfat* Concrete Curing Agent............... 2.65 275 * 2.95 51-12 Fire Resistive Mattie Printer.......................... 325 3J5 * 3.55 dr 51-20 Vinyl Wash Printer....................................... 555 5JJ 5.55 53-11 Vitect Vinyl Thinner.................................... 2.70 2.50 300 55-13 Vised Epoxy Thinner.................................. 4.70 4.50 * 5.00 dr 55-17 firs Ktiiitivs Mottic liduesr ............. .. 4.95 5.05 525 55-24 Non-Flammable Fire Ratislivo Reducer.... 5.15 525 dr 5.45 57-15 Vitect Vinyl Coating,-While........................ 4.95 5.05 3u2S dr 57-16 5.40 5.50 570 * 57X50 Heat Resistant Cooling, Dark Gray............. * 29.40 * 29JO I 57-57 Vitect Epoxy Coating, Medium Gray........... * 920 * 9.40 2.65 57-61 Vitect Epoxy Coating, While...................... 10.10 dr 1020 2.30 60-304NI Fire Resistive Mastic (TrowoO ...................... 3.45 3.55 * 375 II 60X41 Fire Resistive letumetcent Mattie............... 4.10 420 * 4.40 60-44 Stockfat* (Spray) ....................................... 450 4.1c * 420 dr 60-45 Stockfat* (TrowoO ..................................... 4.00 4.10 * 420 HUk s-iu- y-.-Afni*................................ 4v40 4J0 470 60X4S Hoot Rotiftant Metal Coating...................... 4.15 4.25 4.45 dr 60-60(N) F|ro Resistive Mattie (Spray)........................ 60-63 Fira Resistive Mottle, Aluminum............... 60-50 Safetoo Matlid* ......................................... 1-13 1-20 Fire Resistive Adhesive................................ 1-33 11-59 51-60 51-99 52-01 Fire Ratitlivo Insulation Adhesive............... Safetee Dud-fat*....................................... Epoxy Adhesive ......................................... 325 470 JO 370 5JO 4J5 4J5 470 4.90 dr* 3J5 4.40 .90 3.50 5.90 4J5 465 4.50 5J0 13.35 1W * * dr * dr * 375 4J0 1.10 4j00 6.10 4.55 425 500 520 1325 dr * dr 175 dr dr * 125 3.60 52-17 Insulation Adhetiva ................................... 90-10 low-Temperaturo H.l. Mattie...................... 90-30 fin Resistive Mattie (Knife Grade)............. dr 1.10 3.55 17.10 120 3.95 1720 4.60 dr 1J0 dr * 4.15 dr STACXMA 0147 009 $0M per MmI foot. Ui. Mb, Re. 100 Bn--I In pm mi * *> aolwli--. atOer m aka. DOW 05476 iji.Tiir IN-1-20 Peg* 2 W62 Table 1 - Continued xv A iwbi ddod Bo ed leeetaM. feNk po oodoo, m ip* lev ll ladkeiM p--4rnm eel iNdii. AvedeMe GROUP II COM No. ntOOUCT NAM tusme rata ro toisc t-rot >-na t-4M 30-02 Pir* Resistive High Velocity Duet iiealer .. * $5.65 * $6.15 $1.80 30-02 .85 per cartridge-JE^) 00 |ai. pot cartridge---Minimum (Mm 12 cartridges per eartea 30-16 firo Resistive Anli-Abration Cooi ng 3.B5 3.65 4.15 145 30-36 Sealfas*..................................................... Ut 340 * 340 30-45 Poomseal* ................................................. 3.65 4.05 445 30-45 45 por WflrHyryjST gaL por cartridge--Minimum Order 12 cartridges por carton 30-46 Insulation Sealer........................................ 3.65 4.05 445 * 30-46 35 por cartridge ^$000 gaL por cartridge--Minimum Order 12 cartridge* per carton 30-70 logtone* ................................................... 4.40 4.60 * 5.10 30-76 White Insulation Coating......................... 445 445 4.65 * 30-67 Sealfas*, Black........................................... 345 3.45 345 * 31-02 Sealfas*, Mermaid Green......................... 340 340 * 440 31-03 Sealfas*, Pearl Gray ................. 340 3.80 * 440 * 31-40 logtone*, light Blue.................................. 5.15 545 545 31-45 lagtone*, Dark Blue.................................. 5.15 545 5.45 31-52 lagtone*, Orange .................................... 640 640 640 31-55 logtone*, fire Engine Bed.......................... 54t> 5.80 640 * 31-60 lagtone*, light Green................................ 5.15 545 * 545 * 31-65 logtone*. Dark Green................................ 5.15 545 * 5.45 * 31-70 lagtone*. Yellow .............................. .. 5.15 545 * 5.45 31-80 lagtone*. Buff ........................................... 5.15 545 * 545 * 31-60 lagtone*,Gray ........................ ............... 5.15 545 5.45- 31-65 lagtone*. Black ........................................ 5.15 545 * 5.45 50-08 Suparleaf Asphalt Aluminum Paint............. 345 3.15 * 345 60-32 Asphalt Aluminum Mastic (Spray)............. 3.60 4.00 * 440 * 60-42 Asphalt Aluminum Mastic (Trowel)............. 3.60 4.00 440 ' CO o CO cn JC -- cn CO com w*. mwa nam> 40-66 81-43 81-88 81-64 83-10 82X11 82-16 MlastU* ................................ fire Resist!** lagging Adhesion.. lagfas* .................................. logfos*. Blue......................... Rexfos*.................................. Olpfos*................... .............. Clear Vinyl Adhesive................. $ .62* $145 * 340 340 * $440 348 145 * 345 2.65 345 * 345 40 par fe.-- (54 fes. per unit) 445 4.65 5.15 * 540 540 ` * * 140 145 0147 010 31-04 31-16 31-17 31-22 31-24 31-25 31-27 31-46 31-87 31-66 11 or Mediterranean Bib*.................. 445 * 4.45 * Sand daw Temp. Grade). ... 4.40 440 * 440 Mediterranean Bit* daw Temp. GrsJe).... 440 4.60 * Gull Gray....................... 4.B0 * 5.00 * Sand ................................................................. 445 * 4.45 Blue Gray................................................ 445 445 Sea Gray.................................................... 445 * 4.45 Aluminum Gray............... 445 * 445 * Battleship Gray............................... 445 445 ' Black ................................ A.e.. 4 09 445 4 eg# * 4.45 a. 4 4# ir\s otov oO3 IN-1-20 fee* 3 W Table I - Continued <OM M*. FtOOUCT NAMC 41-04 41-10 41-17 41-22 41-24 41-25 41-27 41-49 41-07 41-90 41-97 41-90 .41-99 Saalfat* Marik -- Haavy Trawnl Grad* M*4'l*rroA*o 5lua.............. Sand (low Tamp. Grada).... Madilarronaoa Oluo (low Tamp. Grada)............ Gu5 Gray............................ Sand ............ -..................... Ohm Gray............................ too Gray.............................. Aluminum Gray.................... Raitlarhip Gray.................... Olock.................................... Groan Gray.......................... . SlanaGray............................ Whim .................................. CROUP IICONT. mnnuui IMM i-MU MN t--(M 4.15 435 a 4.45 4.40 440 470 440 470 * 4.90 470 440 * 540 4.15 435 4.45 4.15 435 445 4.15 435 445 4.15 435 445 4.15 435 445 4.15 435 445 4.15 435 445 440 440 dr 440 430 440 440 fllildff * * * * * * * * * * * Hi MUSTIC* MUdMONO MATT U paraq. yaM, fAk. MM, Fa. IS 4 yili pm M, 4 AeUo pm Nrimi iff" VMi) xv 1 ST0364167 COM N* pm m mm mm pmmmm mrn be MOOUCT KAMI GROUP III main MUM i-m MA V-M M 10-10 liquid Atpholl Emwliiaa............ 10-17 Arphatl Emultian (Haavyt.......... 51-03 Mod lawlotiaa Primal.............. 51-11 IndvMriol Onida ChramoM Primal 50-22 Rubbar Adhadua Tkinnar............ 00-24 Cark-FUMd Marrk .................... 00-25 C.L Marik* (TrawaO.................. 00-20 C1. Mattie* (Spray) r...................... 00-25 51-02 51-27 51-25 U-TampV5Caadae.................. aimj| |a^a Miaeya liAmalra ---M^Um ftMnhi 51-50 CCAOhIw.......................... 5145 lapfai*Typa 1 (SpaciaO.............. 51-42W lagfai* ............................................... 51-71 Ouct-faa* Oaar Rubbar Adhadua 51-51 Dud-faf* lad Rubbar Adhadua.. 51-91 Dud-far* Whim Rubbar AJiaalua 51-92 Hbraut Adhadua (TrawaO.............. 52X05 Intulatioa Adhadua ........................ 52-15 Dud-far* Quick-Tack*................... 90-07 H.L Marik*........................................ 1 75 75 45 345 1.40 .55* 45 45 * 40 1.10 535 135 530 275 2.15 2.15 240 145 140 230 45 | 45 45 .95 5.95 140 140 75 75 * .90 130 535 145 230 245 235 235 240 1.15 140 230 70 $145 145 1.15 4.15 170 *. 130 dr .95 dr .95 dr * it 1.10 it 140 *. 545 * 145 540 * 545 .* 245 * 245 dr .2.50 dr 135 dr 170 dr 240 dr .90 *# dr it dr * * dr * dr. dr dr dr dr 45 45 .90 dr dr .90 dr armliMMi w*ay mass omn i-1.i m am mi m a m m*a| t&a. Mi ||g par Iml mi aifcmal[ MU, pa* aUam Miami had ) IMNA aa.iiia UAAMA HAM par <. |aM. IAI Ma, Naaa. Mama lam, ran. w>u>, mm* im-i/inwniamr aarirmmraa HAIMS 1 m. SAM WO (Jl 4, yni f4).l Mk, Hmm. IUIM1 MAM UbAMNC IM Mr IIvuAIiriIa I'aUa rmm a* ma. a* ** t*Wi MU araaaMim4 i.iu pm laam |*m aj4 par iaaal |am U4I oh Aeee fcU f -an- -A V*o4 rot. MU, WML fOSTIt m-ia U. -- IM par awn--IOJ. Ma, 0147 Oil D0UI 05478  r. Nicmmiio Fiberglas Table I - Continued INSULATION SUNDRY MATERIALS Prices No. IN-1-15 fog* 1 of 2 Dot# July 18, I960 Suponodo* Original xvii AR *ala aro mbjoct to Owom-Comlng Ftborglai Corporation gonorol t*rnu and condition* of tala for warahouta talat. SHIPPING TERMS. Ex Warohouso: F.O.B. Warahouta PAYMENT TERMS. 1% 10th Ptox., Not 30th Prox. NET PRICE ADHESIVES: Whoat Porto - 2* Bag -jl Bog S .46 1.05 St. Ciolr 46-47- 1 Got. Poll 3.00 - 5 Got. Poll 14.00 Mlroelo Adhatlvo, Typo AA - 1 Gal. Poll 4.98 Tuft Bond - Quick Sot - 1 Quart 2.17 Pormolartlc PL 440 - 5 Gal. Poll 11.70 Pormalartic PL5122 - 5 Gal. Phil 14.85 O-C 500- Pint Canvas. 2 ox. - 40" Wldo 1.00 'or Lin. Yd. T.r5--t- . 4 ox. -- 40" Wido .24 6 oz. - 60* Wldo .45 7.2 oz. - 72* Wldo .72 taji bar Sa. Ft. Holr Fob, 3` x SV x 1/2* ~TTu ~ Hair Folt. 3' x 50* x 1* .20 TWINE: Par Tuba Jtrfo-1/2* S*wlno - )/2* i.JI .70 Prlco por Rol 1-9 10-99 100 or Mora ALUMINUM JACKETS: Roll* Roll* Roll* .006* x 4* x 100* with papor H5.00 542.00 *39.06 .006" x 4* x 200* without papor 72.00 67.00 61.00 .016* x 3* x 100* with papor 51.50 49.50 47.50 .016" x 3* x 100* without popor 44.50 .019" x 4* x 100* with papor 69.00 .019* x 4* x 100* without moot 60.00 INDUSTRIAL PAPERS* 42.50 66.00 57.00 40.50 63.00 54.00 Por Rail 12* 4 16* Athorto* Pbpor (50* Roll) "TOO 30* Roofing Fob (4001*. ft. par Ml) 4.00 .45* Roofing Papor (36* a 36*) 3.08 55* Roofing Papor (36* x 36*) 3.86 30* Rod Ratio P*or (36"'x 167') 3.90 40* Rod Min Papor (36* x 167') 5.80 Dual Tonp Papor (Whlto ono Sido 36" x 300*) 40.30 Unlvortal Jockot (39-1/4- x 600*) 45.00 Flbroon 200* Sbolkroft (72" x 37*) 26.05 -DSP RFFFRK Pbpor 35755 TAPES: Par Roll Pormocol *703 Mocking Tapo (1" 60 Yard*) "TOO Fbnoocol *491 Silvorcloth (3* x 60 Yard*) 6.45 B & A Friction (2* x 60 yanb) .95 P.H.D. Alum. Papor Tapo (3* x 60 Yarc't) 4.50 Flborgla* Alum. Foil Rolnfbrcod (4* x 1000*) 14.55 Embottod Joint Sooltng Tapo (4* x 600*) 24.00 0147 SP OUii.f wm m W* p pi 'O w CA V) "4 O CO <n a> co DOW 05479 ST0364 169 IN-1-15 }oge 2 !y 18, 1960 Table I - Continued MEMBRANE REINFORCED: ' Gtosfob 3" x 150' 18" x150* 36" x150* STRAPPING & SEALS: Galv. Strapping 1/2" x 3/4" Alum. Strapping 1/2" x 3/8" Garrard Galv. Seals 1/2" Aluminum Seals 3/8" MISCELLANEOUS: Chicken Mesh 24" x 150' x 1" 36" x 150' x 1" 48" x 150' x l" Wire 18 Ga. Copper Coated 16 Ga. Bloc!: Enameled Staples Copper 3/4" x 3/4" Copper 5/\6 ' x 2" Hairpin Galv. Bostltch - 5000 per Box Comer Bead (Plain) Welding Nalls 2-1/2" (KSM) Speed Clips B-110 (KSM) Spindle Anchors 2-1/2" 1-1/2" Washers W4-D xviii Per Roll 51.16 6.98 13.30 Per Lb. .32 . 1.08 Per Piece I5.04 ' .02 Per Roll g ` 57.32 8 11.19 1 14.64 1 Per Lb. 5.19 .17 .36 .36 Per Box . 52.10 _ Per Lin.Ft,: ` 5.06 ; Per Piece 5.03 .02 .05 .05 .03 0147 013 DOW 05480 ST0364I70 XX Mergers and Acquisitions in the Industry The growth and structure of the insulation industry is reflected from the mergers and acquisi tions that have occurred in the last three years. Many of these mergers are shown on the following page. 0147 Ols DO 0.6*' ST0364I7I xxi Table II - Continued Mergers and Acquisitions 1962 (1) Certain-Teed Products Corp. acquired Keasbey fc Mattison Co. (asbestos cement pipe products) (2) Nicolet Industries purchased Keasbey fc Mattison Co. (insulation, paper, millboard facilities) (3) Pittsburgh Plate Glass bought The Rubber fc Asbestos Corp., Bloomfield, N. J. (Industrial adhesive products) (4) Pittsburgh-Corning bought "Unlbestos" line from Union Asbestos & Rubber Co. (manufacturer of Unibestos at Tyler, Texas) 1963 (1) Baldwin-Ehret-Hill acquired Standard Asbestos Mfg. Co. to operate as Division (Chicago, Illinois) (2) Union Asbestos fc Rubber became UNARCO Industries, Inc., April 17, 1963 (3) Combustion Engineering purchased Refractory fc Insulations (4) Combustion Engineering owns 70% of Loomis Engineering (5) V. R. Grace Co. purchased Zonolite 1964 (1) Mineral Fiber Products Bureau - new name of reorganized association: Asbestos Cement Products Association (2) Nicolet Industries - Keasbey fc Mattison Division has been merged into parent company (3) Baldwin-Ehret-Hill purchased Mundet thermal insulation contracting division, March 1964 (4) Refractory fc Insulations purchased Detrick insulation plant, Chicago, Illinois, April 1964 (5) Nicolet Industries acquired the physical assets of Protective Papers (6) Victor Manufacturing fc Gasket Co. purchased Smith fc Kanzler (7) Smith fc Kanzler signed agreement on Spray Craft asbestos mineral fiber with Nippon Asbestos of Tokyo (8) Certain-Teed Products Corp. acquired the rights to Pall Corp.'s Technical Developments fc Advances in Glass Wool Manufacture together with its glass fiber production facilities at Mountain Top, Pennsylvania (9) Basic Carbon Corp. became a subsidiary of The Carborundum Co. 1965 Forecast: Agreement between Carey and Gustin-Bacon on white goods line exchange 0147 016 DOW 05482 xxii Associations and Institutes The past few years have seen the closing, merging or name changing of several insulation associations or institutes. The present insulation and associated associations and institutes are listed on the following page. The IDCNA has a circulation of 725 for their monthly 18 page newsletter with 45 advertisers. It is mailed to all known Insulation contractors, suppliers of the Industry, interested people and publications. The NIKA members are listed on page xxiv. Philip Carey is the one large insulation manufacturer that does not care to join this association. ST036U172 0147 017 DOW 05483 S T 0 3 6 4 1 73 xxlii Table II - Continued Associations and Institutes 1. Insulation Distributor - Contractor National Association. Inc. (IDCNA) 1425 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 Ellwood F. Jones, Executive Secretary L03-9088 2. National Insulation Manufacturers Association 441 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10017 J. M. Barnhart, Executive Secretary 3. Thermal Insulation Association of Canada 5435 Engers Street Montreal 20, Quebec Albert Fryes, Secretary - Treasurer Ian Dewar, President Dewar Insulations Limited 759 Warden Avenue Scarborough, Ontario 4. "Asbestos" Secretarial Service S. E. Corner Broad & Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 Miss E. E. Cox, Editor 5. Asbestos Textile Institute P. 0. Box 239 75 Center Street Pompton Lakes, New Jersey H. E. Sundbury, Executive Secretary 80 Members (Publish "Handbood of Asbestos Textiles") 6. Asbestos Workers National Union 1300 Connecticut Avenue N.W. Washington, D. C. C. W. Sickles, President 124 Locals 12,000 members 7. "Pipe Fabrication Institute" 992 Perry Highway Pittsburgh 37, Pennsylvania Noah F. Young, Executive Secretary 15 Members 0147 018 DOUI 05484 xxiv Table II - Continued National Insulation Manufacturers Association NIMA 441 Lexington Avenue - New York, N. Y. 10017 Membership List Baldwin-Ehret-Hill Inc. 500 Breunlg Avenue Trenton 2, N. J. 609 Export 6-4571 Principal: M. M. Wilson, V.P. Johns-Manville Sales Corp. 22 East 40th Street New York 16, N. Y. 212 Lexington 2-7600 Principal: M. W. Burleson, V.P. The Eagle-Picher Co. American Bldg. Cincinnati 1, Ohio 513 Parkway 1-7101 Principal: J. P. Harrington N. L. Morell 402 Union Bank Bldg. Bethlehem, Pa. 215 University 6-5057 Principa: N. L. Morell Fibreboard Paper Products Corp. (Pabco) 475 Brannan Street San Francisco 19, Calif. 415 Exbrook 2-3657 Principal: 0. M. Nelson Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. 717 Fifth Avenue New York 22, N. Y. 212 Plaza 9-3810 Principal: J. F. Vyverberg Forty-Eight Insulations, Inc. Box 472 Aurora, 111. 312 Aurora 6-8578 Principal: T. S. Clousing Pittsburgh Corning Corp. One Gateway Center Pittsburgh 22, Pa. 412 Court 1-2900 Principal: R. E. Buckley, V.P. Gustln-Bacon Mfg. Co. 210 West 10th Street Kansas City 5, Mo. 816 Harrison 1-7788 Principal: F. W. Muller, Y.P. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. One Gateway Center Pittsburgh 22, Pa. 412 - 281-5100 Principal: P. D. Kaley The Ruberold Company 733 Third Avenue New York 17, N. Y. 212 Yukon 6-2500 Principal: H. B. Hutten ' ST0364174 0147 019 DOW XXV c/> Table III B. Office and Plant Locations Company & Main Office Armstrong Cork Lancaster, Pa. Baldwin-Ehret-Hlll Trenton, N. J. The Carborundum Co. Niagara Falls, N. 7. Philip Carey Cincinnati, 0. Celotex Chicago, 111. Certain-Teed Products Ardmore, Pa. Eagle-Picher Cincinnati, 0. Fibreboard Paper Prod. (Pabco) San Francisco, Calif. Gustin-Bacon Mfg. Co. Kansas City, Mo. Inter. Mineral fc Chem. Skokie, 111. Johns-Manyille New York, N. Y. Plant Class Mineral Wool Mineral Wool Calcium Silicate85% Magnesia Ceramic Fiber Industrial Insulation Industrial Insulation Glass Fiber Diatomaceous Earth Insulation Asbestos Glass Fiber Mineral fe Earth Perlite Ore Asbestos Insulation Mineral Wool Glass Fiber National Gypsum Buffalo, N. Y. Nicolet Industries Florham Park, N.J. Perlite Minerals fc Earth Mineral Wool CO <T Plant Locations Beaver Falls, Pa. -J cn Kalamazoo, Mich.; Trenton, N.J Valley Forge, Pa.;Temple, Tex. Huntington, Ind.jChicago, 111. Niagara Falls, N. Y. * Cincinnati, 0.; Plymouth Meeting, Pa. \ Largo, Ind.; Pittston, Pa. Mountain Top, Pa. Clark, Nev.; Colado, Nev.; Joplin, Mo.; Newark, N.J. Emeryville, Calif. Big Pine, Calif. Manville, N. J. Corona, Calif.; Alexander,Ind. Waterville, 0.; Joliet, 111.; Matches, Miss.; Richmond, Ind. Long Beach, Calif. Antonito, Calif. Joliet, 111.; Lompoc, Calif. Alexandria, Ind.; Dover, Hf. J. Continued 0147 000 DOW 05486 Company & Main Office Owens-Coming Toledo, 0. Pittsburgh-Cornlng Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Pittsburgh, Pa. Ric-Wil Inc. Barberton, 0. Ruberoid Co. New York, N.Y. H. I. Thompson Gardena, Calif. UNARCO Bloomington, 111.. U. S. Gypsum Chicago, 111. XXV i Product Class Mineral Wool Calcium Silicate Glass Fiber Foamglas Unibestos Glass Fiber Plant Locations Santa Clara, Calif.; Barringto: N.J.; Kansas City, Kan.; Newark, 0. Berlin, N.J. Aiken. S.C.; Anderson, S.C.; Ashton, R.I.; Huntington, Pa. Sedalia, Mo.; Port Allegany,Pa Tyler, Tex. Shelby, N.C.; Shelbyville,Ind. Jacketed Pipe Insulation Asbestos Industrial Insula tion Calcium Silicate Ceramic Fiber Barberton, 0.; Nilesr Mich.; Newark, Calif.; Salt Lake City Utah; Charleston, S.C. Erie, Pa. Gloucester City, N. J. Gloucester City, N. J. Mineral Wool Perlite Rock Wool Grants, N.M.; Lovelock, N.M. Tacoma, Wash.; Torrance,Calif. Red Wing, Minn.; So. Plainfiel N.J.; Corsicana, Tex.; Wabash, Ind.; Birmingham, Ala. 0147 021 </> CO cn cx> 0SA87 00^ xxvii Ilili*:; 'I' `iMlliiiW'it Table IV illlik? '1`U'iK'"m tfWIIMftliW ST0364177 MOOBCT rMH PIPE INSULATION BLOCKS and BOARDS CEMENTS BLANKETS and FELTS LCOSE and GRANULATED KKKK( NAMI Ml KNUAl lUMirTIM iccimi mdaxtc. aTuisurijn Aim tKCinumnam MIaUtTAAIITITIM(CMInUuaiad iMCinaudmat tKCninauuiAwiasM ASBESTOS (Molded Amoaite and Bindar) CALCIUM SILICATE (Calcium Silicali Md Aibeatot) CELLULAR GLASS (Foamed, Fabricated from Block) CELLULAR SIUCA (Foamed, Fabricated (ram Stock) OUTOMACEOUS SILICA (Diatomaceout Silica and Aibaitoa) *5% MAGNESIA (Bauc Magnetium Carbonate and Aibeatot) MINERAL FIBER (Rock, Slag or fitoti) low Tamp (Organic Binder) low and Madium Tamp pirn Ftoor, Or|Mic Bandar) Kgk Tamp (Mankat-Typa Metal RatotarcaM 1200 1200 C-MS 00 c-ni ICOO (cyclic) 2200 (cant) 1(00 CRM ISOQ C-3M BOO CR20 2S0 (TOO J70 CRI1 C-JOO 1200 C-2S0 MIL4R7I1 Grade IL Ctou c Grade IU, Ctoaa 1 HH+541, Type IV MR.4-R7I1 Grade L CUaab HH4-S2S, Clau 2 Grade U, Cleat d Grada III, Cleat a. Type l HHT-SS1 MU-2711 Grade RL Ctoaa t, Type R MR.4R7S1 Grada L Ctosa b WL4-223M HH4R54, Type II HH4-SC2, Type 1 HH4RS2, Type 1 HN4RG2, Type R HH4RS2, Type 1 HH+SS2, Type d CALCIUM SILICATE (fitftiyri BHntt md Asbmtm) CELLULAR GLASS (Foamad) CELLULAR SdJCA Foamafl 1200 CRM no * CRO 1(00 (cydio 2200 (") MR.4RS1S, Ctoaata > G b kUL-L002SlS, Gteasat 1A 2 NH4R23, Ctoaa 1 HH4R51 outomaceous sma (Diitflmcms $ilici md Asbtsltt) *5% MAGNESU (Bnic MafMMM Cvtaniti md Jbbntoi) MINERAL FIBER (Rock. or Gton) Urn Tamp (Organic Binder) Low Tamp fine Ffear, Organic Binder) Kgb Tamp tnarganic Binder) 1(00 CR33 kfiL+RSll, Ctoatat b B c ISOO CR33 M&-L002S1I, Ctoaa 3 Na.4G02tlt,Ctaaa4 (00 CRIB MR.4RS1S, Cton a MB.-L002H1, Ctoaa 1 HH4-S54, Typa 1 so CRTS S2-MCR** 400 CRTS, C-M2, Claia 1 taoo CRB& Ctou 2 MR.+74R* HHLS64, Ctoaa A HHT-&2C, (tor Rooft) HH4-SC2, Typa 1 MMRG2,Typal MMRCA, Ctoaa R,C;0 CALCIUM SUCATE (Catoton SMeato, Aabattoa and Bindan) OUTOMACEOUS SUCA Piatonictwri Wen and Aabeatoe) ffitfr *iynntMn frtrtwtt (Ubiitoi md |Mcif MINERAL FIBER (Rock, Stog or Gtoaa) lMulttifl( (fiodoidM Qtf md IMv) Ftotohmg (Hydriulic-eetting Camant and Bindar) 1200 1100 100 ISOO 1200 C-IR7 C-IBJ C-ilS C44B MR.-C-2Ml.Typt A Mtt.-r-2MG BRL-C-2RC1, Type ML-C-RMS, Typa R HM4-S23, CtaM) HH-UDSOO, Typa V MUOOSOOt Type 1 HH4GOSOH T>pa IN HH-C-1M MINERAL FIBER (Rock, Stog er GUaa) MetalReinforced Blanfcat FtoxMa (Organic Oondae hduatrial Baft (No Bindar) Fait (Sami Rigid, Organic Bonded) MINERAL FIBER 0tocfc, Slag or GUaa) 1200 CRS3 ML4RSII HH4-S63, Typa 1 400 CRM CRS2 ML4R42 MR.4R2Q23" MR.-B-SS24) MU-ICMR MU-7171 fi-NAR* MU-1M75 HM4M2, Typa 1 1200 CRS2 WL-W-1M27 400 CRM NU1K8SI.. MUMR HH4-S21, Typa 1 CR82 MU-IM7SI* 32-MC-l*) HH-I-M2, Typa II MH+S63, Typed 1200 0147 022 NHT-S21, Typa l-leate Typa IJ-Gran DOW 05488 xxviii Table V The Insulation Product System A. Blanket: Fiber Glass - Mineral Wool - Ceramic Fiber Material Ceramic Fiber Temp.F. 260 460 600 e6o 1000 120 0 i4oo 2000 Mineral Wool Fiber Glass Block-Board: Fiber Glass - Mineral Wool - Ceramic Fiber Material Ceramic Fiber Temp. F. 260 460 660 800 l()00 1^00 16*00 1 ( i * 20*00 [ CO ST0364 Mineral Wool Fiber Glass Pipe Covering: Fiber Glass - Mineral Wool - Ceramic Fiber Material Temp F. | 200 4d0 660 600 1000 12 00 16*00 I Ceramic Fiber [Jlv^T*3: > i<(i K'/.*! *kr& 2000 | 1 Mineral Wool Fiber Glass' 0147 023 DOW 05^89 xx ix D. Block-Board: Table VI Diatomaceous Earth - Calcium Silicate.- 85% Magnesia Material Diatom. Earth Temp F.________ 260 400 600 800 1000 1200 1600 2000 Calcium Silicate Exp. Perlite rcTOnsw,utTcriMULAfrnvii3ivAinMinniN im Calcium Silicate Foamglas 85% Magnesia E. Pipe Covering: Diatomaceous Earth - Calcium Silicate - 85% Magnesia Material Calcium stiic.t. Temp F. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1600 1800 Diatom. Earth Calcium Silicate ST0364179 Foamglas 85% Magnesia F. Spray Insulations: Material Asbestos Mineral Wool Fibers and Inorganic Binder Temp OF, 700 - 2000F 0147 024 DOU 054*90 TABLE V I-A - B la n k e t: C eram ic F ib e r . F ib e r g la s s . M in e ra l W ool xxx 30931 30V3| 30331 30031- * 308l| >;D09I| 3 Vi mi\ s W 30311 |oooi| U xV> --4 ttoo oo too 44 o 3* 601-4 V4(0I X) -*4 s 4 W Xai a Vi 0c1 3$ *rl -r4 fa* I It < o hX w co 8 & CO a\ co 008| 0091 00*f 0031 I I NO CM 00 CO no CM I I I I I I 00 CO I OMrOl r'.f'-.t'*. ON CO O' CO' CO co*co co co co rc0o 00 ONf'<J 00 00 I I I CM I I I |( | a0e1 co cm co ^ .aico r4 Mf NO **r4r H CO ai CO rOlir^lr^l-ein^rOBr^inW^I CM CM CM i-l I UUOUUUXSShhhhZXli.h(h<ShhShhhhhli.hlK 111 T0J1 V01I V01I a a M* VI si 01 fa CQ PQ 0V1i 3 01 1 W r4 s PQ r4 3H H VI V *4 rl Q O O O Vi* 01 VI 1-4 VI -O |4I ill (3 C ssa r4 PQ fi D H {3 i-4 tB C COI o o fa ato a ft toB aoo^4 vaaaa.caa H4.0 V fill K4 e Kn 0w0fa fa-c4 *4 -*4 a 44 r4 aCaD CO a 1-4 Or4 r4 00 00 Vi sa < fa f.aao a wtao 8aau dfaai vHhaivh4a4ihrool huVoI uKahaa4h4 wfaFlOfaKMDbXsXi Hsi CO3 a.h *aV0i -H3-0 fa fa iw 434 co 2S V4 o 4 <If) c c tabt.r VT---n - B lo c k -b o a rd : C eram ic F ib e r . F ib e r g la s s . M in e ra l w o o l 0092) 00t?2| oozzl ooozl (u 008ij 0091| u0 00*I| au 00Zl| | ooot| xxxi *441 H Jf--fb4OBWOt>1itvffH4b0ftl04eH)f4lCOo34t O fa X 11I oh* 1 o 009| 001?| ooz| a co O CM o o o c a4> CMI win CM i CM i CM H CM oHO 0H0 II C\HMIHCvIM IHC*0M HH I i o\ooono Oi-M I CM M0II0 a- J ooyxxxtxxssxxxxsihSSSSSXo.i-o.MvhJ: ST0364I8I m a m m I U b h h hh h i4-t l|4^4U4)U41M4)U41 m ft HOHHV a a O O ___ ________ 4 s 9 h aS*9 a S <2 c 4 w w S SS 3tn S4.*'S$;S rl t( ft b b HlbbtOO U 4) U 44 4J 1-4 H_u40 4 31 T9 .* 09 44 11*3*1 Uo 2 **38$3 b h o tu as filf 44 _____4*1 <<*&:< S 3 1& ,, to 40H u to n0 w4 H4 n4 tkO b DOW 05492 xxxlil TABLE V I-D - B lo c k : C a lciu m S ilic a t e , P e r lit e . D iatom aceous E a rth . A s b e s to s . 85% M agnesia uI o 82 z % <0 W W Cl a H r4 5s i op *J 1-4 p U 3 9 S1 IM rt 3 0J> 6 j 0<S5 C MlO 9 ^5 irl U fi 5J SOo oo HI O oo <0 i-l fa ,, loo 0O<^d (jlh I aI Oh>jjit il c *6 2 i-i 43 - H A* O > 004*J Mh H IP 43 h HH > 00 P & ni uOhe2gi HWII Jl|8 O C O -rl -* < *1 55 DOW 05493 TABLE v i _e - P ip e C o v e rin g ! C alcium S ilic a t e , P e r lit e . D latom aceous E a r th : A s b e s to s ; 857. M agnesia Tem perature. *F 0093| 001731 0033| ooozl 008l| 009T| 00l7l| 0031| 000l| oosl 009| 00t7| 003| xxx iv h-i I- -I 2 uV u0 HH*9o1 OPV H(000 *sojo hsS3O eVo16 so vi h x9EVdo V O Vi SO H <OUQHah<U0 hSht Osi Om II I I I <UOVAiiDOO n m m CM CM CM O' H CM CM SO H CM CM O' H H H O H H HHHN NMHHHNrlHH HI I N O' oo OOOOPU.OOO <I <iOOUOUOir0t0C00i0?0 0.<< S T 0 3 6 4 1 83 73 7a3 H go as 0o0 Vs 4J *H s?.. COMSHIHOHHSO 55 o sc <OVP0s we (* VhSC)i o 0Vfp0UK11s^tPtvOSo.l<s.t UVCHSaOi u 4aJt H h SO at so ,D SO 00 H JO oO.H a..i a.>. ,* 53 s32 3) (0 ; <v0s V u Sog0--0C_ oHso H at MIoS wOso nH ** h9#at ou _ ,,mp so h *(hPcuoo<5<< Vs 0 Vs Vs at 25 3 Hp P CO SS * 00 H dh H HH E EfI 0t VJ H 1 01 .H oO VJ H VH op 6 h oO VJ 00 2 Vs 9 H > HXVs OH>MHPO01 JC " 5 ICO Oo 7H3 VIsi sIo VOs Si ii<35 O. I o o HH^OpOV (0 43 O 9 9 CQ Os *-j 0k As I. OHSVssoJi OXHaSt P*XVa)st I OH H6ZUP*I JpO Hd igS533 H o 0t Q 00 Vi H Ps H 5 > H 1 01 H H> i 1 O. I V0)i S3 St gs-ga j Os -> X DOW 05494 TABLE V I tF - S pray In s u la tio n s : A sbestos and A s b e s to s -M in e ra l W ool w it h In o r g a n ic B in d e rs ST036M84 xxxv 0093 | 001731 0033 j 10003 00811 0091 j 00*11 00311 I] 0001 j 0081 0091 00*| 0031 44 o r-l "O 01 -4 H X -Tj O a 93 o CO X 01 CO N 44 ro-ial a0is1 oo oo ai4awa* Cu COi OO to as 44 44 4aw4 4a444 a a^ m coi CMi 44 oaa. wa i in 1u o tfTjs 44 44 CL CL CO CO J rJ 3 3 Jh ao %* as 3 a 44 * au H oCwL f-4 to u a i 44 44 IS uta II 1S-34 rp-a0l 44 01 44 -4 H ll *4 4 43 43 44 44 -ra4 ar4 CO CO n U 44 n44 4J << a i & r-l 3 o a4arsl I 5% g a DOW 05495 XXXV i Subject: Ridge land Station Commonwealth Edison Company Table VI-F-1 Notes of Sprayed-on Thermal Insulation Inspection at Job Site on December 8, 1964 From: Sargent & Lundy Chicago S T 0 3 6 4 1 85 1. The cyclones on Ridgeland Unit 4 boilers are being rebuilt and are being reinsulated with sprayed-on insulation in Ueu of the normal block type material. The spray-on insulation being used is Mono*Spray, manufactured by Baldwin-Ehret-Hill, Inc. This is a mineral wool and asbestos material with a temperature use limit of 1800 F which is sprayed on the equipment to a density of approximately 12 lb/cu. ft. and to the specified thick ness. 2. The insulation work at the station is being done by the Commonwealth Edison maintenance personnel under the direction of the manufacturer's technician. The cyclones have all been sprayed to a 4" thickness and the results are excellent. The maintenance personnel contend that thla Is the simplest, best, and least expensive method of insulating Irregular surfaces. 3. During the past two years portions of the insulation on the Unit 1, 2 and 4 turbines has been replaced or repaired with sprayed-on material. In all cases the sprayed-on areas are in excellent condition and the surfeces feel cool to the touch with no hot spots. 4. The following spray-on insulations are suitable for high temperature service: Limpet ................. Armstrong Contracting & Supply Corp. Mono-Spray...........Baldwin-Ehret-Hill, Inc. Cafco..................... Columbia Acoustics & Fireproofing Co. 5. Commonwealth Edison Company, has used Limpet and Mono-Spray for replacement and repairs at Ridgeland and State Line Stations. Cafco is being sprayed on the deaerators, closed feed water heaters and water treating equipment at Joliet 7 and 8. 6. The above aprayed materials are very setisfactory for use in power plants and have proven sore economical than wired on calcium silicate or mlnerel wool block lnsulatlona. In`time there will probably be a wider acceptance and use of thla type of insulation because of its overall efficiency and econony. It can be successfully used on most of the hot equipment and ductwork in a plant including the turbine and steam generating unit. 7. One of the major disadvantages of the sprayed insulations is that the end results are very highly dependent on the skill of the operator. If not properly sprayed on and tamped to the necessary thickness and density the results can be very inefficient as well as unsightly. 8. If we decide to specify sprayed-on insulation for future Jobs, we should make every effort to Insure that the insulation contractors that are allowed to bid the work are thoroughly experienced in this type of application. 0147 032 19.Q.A4 DOW 05496 ST0364I86 ri ti xxxvli LOST NE1 Table VII PIPE SIZE INCHES *4 * 1 m m 2 m 3 3*4 4 4% S 6 '7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 It 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 30 32 33 W THICK .27 PIPE INSU LATION -- NET PRICES PER LINEAR FOOT --------------^ 1" THICK 1*4" THICK 2" THICK 2*4" THICK 3" THICK 3*4" THICK 4" THICK 4*4" THICK 5" . THICK 22 46 75 1.00 1.20 1.55 1.95 2.40 2.90 24 .49 80 1*05 1.35 1.75 2.15 2.55 3.10 .27 52 85 1*10 140 1.80 2.20 2.60 3.15 .30 56 90 1.15 1*45 1.95 2.35 2*80 3.45 33 ' .36 .40 .45 60 64 70 76 .95 1.00 1.05 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.35 1*50 1*55 1*65 1.75 1*90 2*00 2.10 2*25 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.70 2.85 2.90 3*00 3*25 3*40 3.50 3.60 3.90 4.00 .50 82 1.25 1.65 2.05 2*60 3.15 3.70 4.35 60 68 1.35 1*80 2.20 2.70 3.30 3*80 4.45 65 94 1.45 1.95 2*35 2.95 3.50 4.10 4.80 70 1.00 1.55 2*10 2.50 3.00 3.55 4*15 4.85 .80 1.00 1.10 1.20 1*10 1*20 1.35 1*50 1.70 1.65 2.00 2.20 2.25 2*40 2.55 2.80 2.70 2.90 3.15 3.40 3*30 3.60 3.85 4.20 3.90 4.25 4.55 4.90 4*50 4.85 5*25 5*60 5.30 5.75 6.10 6.65 , 1.30 1.40 1.50 1,70 1*65 1.75 1*85 2*10 2.40 2.55 2.70 300 3*05 3*20 3.40 3.80 3.65 3.90 4.10 4,60 4.65 4*90 5.15 5.55 5.40 5V70 6.00 6.50 6.15 6 50 6.85 7.,45 7.10 V 7.50 7.90 8.55 1.85 2*00 2.10 2.20 2.25 2.35 2.50 2.60 3*15 3.30 3.453.60 4*00 4*20 4.40 4.60 4.85 5.10 5.35 5.60 5.85 6.15 6.45 6.70 6.85 7.15 7.50 7.80 7.85 8 15 8.50 885 8.95 9.30 9.70 .10.10 2.35 2.45 2.60 2.70 2*75 2*85 3*00 3.10 3.80 4.00 4.15 4.30 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 5*80 6.00 6*25 6.50 7.00 7.25 7*50 7.85 8.10 6*45 8*75 9.05 9.25 9.55 9*90 10*25 10.55 10.85 11.25 11.65 2.85 3.00 3*20 3*30 3*55 3.65 4.40 4*50 4.85 5.05 560 5.75 6.20 6.40 6*75 7.00 7,50 7,70 6*05 8.25 8.85 9.15 9*35 9.65 10.35 10*60 10,70 11,00 11,80 12.05 12.05 12.45 13.25 13.65 3.75 4*00 4.30 4*40 5.15 5.50 5.90 6.05 6.65 6.95 7.40 7*60 7.95 8.40 9.10 9,20 9.45 10*00 10.50 10.70 11.05 11.55 12.10 12.45 12*45 13,00 13.85 13*95 14.05 14.70 15.45 15.75 BLOCKS -- NET PRICES PER SQUARE FOOT r THICK 1*4" THICK 2" THICK 2*4" THICK 3" THICK 3*4" THICK 4" THICK 4*4" THICK .30 .45 60 75 90 1.05 1.20 1.35 5" THICK 1.50 DOW 0 5 4 9 7