Document NG1DroGeOjRj6wpYNgQ2nQkey

Issue Date: February 1 n u-i:_ /*> r'iion Q1 [MPGoodrich VINYL BOUT THIS BULLETIN The data in this bulletin apply to all Geon vinyl compounds except polyblends (blend of polyvinyl chloride and nitrile rubber). Geon vinyl com pounds are mixtures of thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride or copolymer resin, which is a white granular powder, and functional additives such as processing aid, heat stabilizer, plasticizer, lubricant, impact modifier, pigment and/or other ingredients. Compound may be prepared as either granules (i.e., pellets of varying size and shape) or free-flowing powders. Pellet cube compound does not present any inhalation hazard because of its physical form. Powder compound because of its fine particle size may result in release of airborne dust. Pow der compound that contains lead may present a lead dust exposure hazard. Powder compound containing lead will be labelled as to its content. The sum total of all compounding ingredients pro cessed under conditions that could result in mass-melting of either pellet, cube or powder compound may release vapors and odors that could be irritating to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. It is recommended the Geon vinyl compound be handled under well ventilated con ditions to avoid significant employee exposure. SECTION I ENERAL INFORMATION The data in this bulletin does not include any information on the suitability of vinyl for any particular application nor does it discuss any precautions that may apply to specific end products. Moreover, this bulletin cannot cover all possible situations which the user may exper ience during processing. Each aspect of your operation should be examined to determine if, or where, additional precautions may be necessary. All health and safety information contained in this bulletin should be provided to your employees or customers. We must rely on you to use this information to develop appropriate work practice guidelines and employee instructional programs for your operation. For information pertinent to resin, please read BFGoodrich Bulletin G-62 RES, "Material Safety Data, Geon Vinyl Resin." Also, a separate safety data bulletin is available for Geon vinyl polyblend compounds. SPECIAL NOTE: Vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are not the same material. Vinyl chloride is a flammable gas that is strictly regulated by DOT, EPA and OSHA. Through a chemical reaction, this gas -- known as a monomer -- is converted to a non-hazardous white granular powder called polyvinyl chloride resin, PVC or simply, vinyl. It is this vinyl resin that is then combined with functional additives to make compound. Vinyl resin is not a cancer suspect agent. Moreover, the reaction is not reversible. That is, thermal processing or decom position will not cause polyvinyl chloride to revert back to vinyl chloride monomer. (See Section II and Appendix 1). Manufacturer's Name Address Telephone Number Trademark Chemical Name/Synonyms Formula Chemical Family CAS Registry Number Transportation Emergency Number The BFGoodrich Company, Geon Vinyl Division 6100 Oak Tree Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44131 (216) 447-6000 GeonVinyl Poly(viny! chloride), PVC, vinyl, copolymer. Vinyl resin* plus functional additives. *(CH2CHCl)n Vinyl resin: chloroethene polymer or copolymer Not applicable to compounds. CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300 Virtually all Geon vinyl compounds are manufactured with homopolymer polyvinyl chloride resin (CAS Registry Number: 9002-86-2). We do market a limited number of compounds based upon vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer resin (CAS Number 9003-22-9). Specific grades of Geon vinyl compounds comply with applicable provisions of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations governing food contact (21CFR). Please con sult product literature for details. Geon vinyl resin and the functional additives used to manufacture compound are included in the Toxic Substances Control Act, Inventory of Chemical Substances, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. BFG38199 SECTION II AZARDOUS INGREDIENTS ingredient Lead Stabilizer* NuCmASber NA Amofe iiife . Profoct'$t 0-5% 0.15 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3 Organic Tin Compounds2 NA 0-10% 0.1 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3 as tin as tin Vinyl Chloride3 75-01-4 <0.001% 5 ppm Ala 1 ppm "Typical amount - not a specification. * A few powder compounds are made with lead cubical granules measuring approximately stabilizers. These compounds are labelled with 3/16-inch per side to spheres to wafers depend a lead dust warning. Improper handling may ing upon manufacturing method. create a lead dust hazard. Toxic dust respirator protection or local exhaust ventilation is recommended. Other Characteristics such as vapor pressure, vapor density, boiling point and evaporation rate are not 2 The sum total of ingredients present in virtually applicable to solid materials such as vinyl any thermoplastic compound will emit vapors compound. and odors during processing. The visible fumes that occur during normal processing of vinyl SECTION r compound are mainly water vapor. Trace amounts of hydrogen chloride, an irritant, are possible if there is any hangup or stagnation of compound in processing equipment IRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA resulting in degradation of in-process material. Vapors from non-PVC components are prin Ignition Characteristics (ASTM D-1929) cipally trace amounts of volatiles from Rigid vinyl compound (i.e., no plasticizer) has a stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, etc. Organic flash-ignition temperature of about 391 C tin compounds may be used as stabilizers in (735 F) and a self-ignition temperature of about some Geon compounds. Container label will 454 c (850 F). When plasticizer is added, igni I indicate their presence in the compound you are using. Some people may be sensitive to tion temperatures decrease. At a 30% plasticizer content, the flash-ignition temperature will be process fumes or odors from these additives. about 321 C (610F) and the self-ignition The primary effect is irritation to the eyes, temperature will be about 435 C (815 F). By respiratory tract or skin. To protect your themselves, most vinyt compounds (i.e. rigid employees' health, conduct any operation emit compound and compound with less than about ting fumes or vapors under well ventilated 35% plasticizer) will riot support combustion conditions. because they require a higher concentration of 3 See Appendix 1. oxygen for burning than is present in the earth's Notes: TLV-TWA: Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average for concentration of the chemical substance in the ambient workplace air for a normal 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek, to which nearly ail workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. American Conference of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists. OSHA PEL: OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit, 8-hour TWA. 29CFR1910.1000 atmosphere. Any vinyl compound can be forced to bum by continuous application of intense heat. Like all combustible material, protect from open flame and maintain proper clearance when us ing portable heat devices, etc. Store flammable liquids away from vinyl compound. Flash-Ignition Temperature: The lowest in itial temperature of air passing around the specimen at which sufficient combustible gas is evolved to be ignited by a small external pilot flame. NA means "not applicable" Self-Ignition Temperature: The lowest initial "<" means less than temperature of air passing around the BFG38200 Al means "human carcinogen" (ACGIH) specimen at which, in the absence of an igni SECTION III tion source, ignition occurs of itself, as indicated by an explosion, flame or sustained HYSICAL DATA glow. Extinguishing Media (Typical data, not specifications) Water is most effective. ABC dry chemical, AFFF, and protein type air foams are also effective. I Solubility in Water -- Slight Geonvinyls are "ordinary combustibles" (NFPA defined Class A). Carbon dioxide is not generally recommended for use on Class A fires as a lack Specific Gravity (H20 = 1) Range: 1.30-1.55 of cooling capacity may result in reignition. Appearance and Odor Pigmented or unpigmented pellets or powder. Practically odorless or bland odor. The ap pearance of pellet compound will vary from Special Fire Fighting Procedure Wear positive pressure, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Personnel not hav ing suitable respiratory protection must leave the area to prevent significant exposure to toxic com bustion gases from any source. In enclosed or poorly ventilated areas, wear SCBA during cleanup immediately after a fire as well as during the attack phase of firefighting operations. Combustion Products When forced to burn, the primary combustion gases from vinyl compound will be hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Other gases will include small amounts of benzene and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocar bons. Plasticized compounds will also contribute aliphatic olefins. The combustion products of vinyl, like those from other natural and synthetic materials, must be considered toxic. Like wood, paper and cotton, the major hazard is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiant while hydrogen chloride is an irritant. When vinyl is burned, it will have a detectable, pungent odor. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards Hydrogen chloride has a corrosive effect on many metals. Affected equipment surfaces and unprotected structural elements of buildings should be washed with a water based detergent solution to remove corrosive deposits as soon as possible after depositions have occurred. Pellet compound does not represent any explosion risk because of its large particle size. Powder compound may have dust explosion potential because of fine particle size fillers and additives or liquids added to vinyl resin. For plasticized powder compound, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) reports the following for a PVC/plasticizer mixture (i.e., 67% PVC/33% dioctyl phthalate):* Explosibility index: 2.9 (Strong) Ignition sensitivity: 3.6 (Strong) Explosion severity: 0.8 (Moderate) Ignition temp., dust cloud: 320C (608F) *NFPA 654-1975, "Prevention of Dust Explosions in the Plastics Industry." Because of the wide variety of possible ingre dient combinations, operations using plasti cized or unplasticized powder compound should be evaluated on an individual basis. Im plement precautions to control or eliminate likely sources of ignition, such as static build up. Maintain good housekeeping, notably, ventilation, to prevent accumulation of poten tially explosive dust concentrations. Properly maintain and operate dust control devices. SECTION V EALTH HAZARD DATA Threshold Limit Value 5 mg/m3 respirable for powder compound not containing lead. Carcinogen Status Not listed by IARC, NTP or OSHA. See Appendix. Routes of Entry Inhalation, ingestion or eye contact. Effects of Acute Overexposure Cubes or Pellets - No significant hazards. Powder -- Eye contact with powder compound may result in mechanical eye irritation. Effects of Chronic Overexposure Cubes or Pellets - No significant hazards. Powder -- Inhalation or ingestion of lead contain ing powder compound may result in lead poison ing. Symptoms include tiredness, decreased appetite, metallic taste, abdominal cramps, muscle weakness (wrist and foot drop), headaches and convulsions. Exercise care when dumping bags, sweeping, mixing or doing other tasks which can create dust. Where large amounts of any dust may occur, wear a respirator approved by NIOSH/MSHA to protect against toxic dust. Medical Conditions Aggravated by Overexposure No adverse health effects are expeced from pro cessing Geon compounds when potential exposures are minimized by good industrial hygiene practice and adequate ventilation. Nevertheless, individual additives and/or various combinations of additives may affect the overall toxicological properties. Detailed studies have not been performed on each of the many possible additive combinations. At processing tempera tures, additives may emit fumes and vapors such as organic tin compounds that are irritating to the respiratory tract, eyes or skin of some sensitive people. These effects are typically reversible upon removal from exposure and no lasting effects are expected. The potential for irritation will depend upon processing technique, temperature, volume, and most importantly, on the effectiveness of exhaust ventilation provided to the process area. Inhalation of decomposition or combustion pro ducts, especially hydrogen chloride, will cause irritation of the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Depending on the severity of exposure, physiological response will be coughing, pain and inflammation. Individuals with bronchial asthma and other types of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases may develop bronchspasm if exposure is prolonged. SPECIAL NOTE: OSHA has established a ceil ing limit of 5 ppm for workplace exposure to hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride is detect able by its sharp pungent odor in concentrations as low as 1-5 ppm. Low concentrations (below 50 ppm) are not harmful in short-term exposures but do provide excellent warning properties by causing coughing or irritation. Because the pro tective response is so strong, humans rarely submit to damaging concentrations -- instead, there is an unmistakable urge to leave the area. Repeated or prolonged exposure to high concen trations can cause eye and respiratory damage. Emergency and First Aid IN CASE OF EYE CONTACT: Flush eyes with plenty of water for an extended period, not less than five (5) minutes. See a physician if irritation persists. IN CASE OF SKIN CONTACT: Normal personal hygiene. IN CASE OF INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Call a physi cian. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. BFG38201 Reactivity SECTION VI Stability -- Stable 9 Hazardous Polymerization -- Will not occur Hazardous Decomposition Products Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and small amounts of benzene and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Plasticized compounds will also contribute aliphatic olefins. Incompatibility (materials to avoid) Avoid contact with acetal or acetal copolymers and with amine containing materials during pro cessing. At processing conditions these materials are mutually destructive and involve rapid degradation. Thoroughly purge and mechanically clean processing equipment to avoid even trace quantities of these materials from coming in con tact with each other. Prevent cross contamina tion of feedstocks. SECTION VII PILL OR LEAK PROCEDURE Steps to be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled Vacuum powder or sweep cubes/pellets into a closed container for reuse or disposal. Waste Disposal Method Dispose of waste in a licensed landfill or by incineration in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. For waste disposal purposes, Geon* vinyl cube or pellet compound are not defined or designated as hazardous by current provisions of the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA -- 40CFR261). If incinerated, be aware that hydrogen chloride is generated. Geon vinyl powder compound containing lead, indicated on the bag label, is considered to be a hazardous waste if disposed of in its powdered form. SECTION VIII OPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Ventilation Volatiles from extrusion and molding operations should not be discharged into unventilated work areas. Provide effective exhaust ventilation, including local exhaust when necessary, to draw dust and/or fumes, vapors or smoke away from workers to prevent routine inhalation. Hot melt processing (extruding, molding, etc.), cutting or sawing, machining, regrinding, heat welding, thermoforming and other processing or post processing operations involving heat sufficient to result in polymer breakdown should be examined to ensure adequate ventilation. Ventilation guidelines and techniques may be found in the following publications: -- NIOSH Recommended Industrial Ventilation Guidelines; GPO #017-033-00136-7. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. -- Industrial Ventilation, 18th Edition; Available from the American Conference of Govern mental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Bldg. D-5, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211. Respiratory Protection Not normally necessary. Abnormal conditions such as equipment malfunction or use of im proper equipment or procedures, or hangup or stagnation of compound during processing may cause decomposition. If general dilution or local exhaust ventilation is not adequate to keep fume or vapor concentrations at low (non-irritating) levels, then employees involved in removing decomposing material should be provided with suitable air supplied respirators, such as NIOSH/MSHA approved positive pressure, selfcontained breathing apparatus. Wear NIOSH approved nuisance dust respirator to protect against airborne dust created during handling of non-lead containing powder com pound. Wear NIOSH approved toxic dust respirator to protect against airborne dust con taining lead created during handling of lead containing powder compound. Air monitoring may be necessary to determine employee ex posure to lead in powder compound. See 29 CFR 1910.1025, OSHA lead standard. Other Protective Equipment Wear protective gloves when handling hot material during processing. Safety glasses are recommended for all industrial workplaces. A SECTION IX PECIAL PRECAUTIONS Normal Melt Processing -- Virtually all thermo plastic materials will emit fumes and/or vapors when heated to processing temperatures. The concentration of these emissions in the work place air will depend upon variables such as the specific compound formulation, amount pro cessed, processing method and temperature and the effectiveness of exhaust ventilation. Always use Geon* vinyl compound under well ventilated conditions and avoid continued or prolonged breathing of process vapors. For personal hygiene, wash thoroughly after processing com pound, especially before eating, smoking or using toilet facilities. Do not store or consume food in processing areas. Do not use processing equip ment to heat food. Cleanup following normal melt processing should be performed under well ventilated conditions. Geon* vinyl compound may be held at process temperatures for a short time without significant thermal degradation. However, it should be recognized that exposure to either elevated temperature or excessive heat history (time) will result in decomposition.* Equipment should not be shut down for extended time periods with compound in it, or decomposition and possible corrosion of unprotected metal may result. If dies and screws are not to be cleaned manually, then compound should be purged from processing equipment prior to shutdown using special vinyl purge compound or a compatible thermoplastic such as general purpose ABS (do not use flameretarded or halogen-containing grades for this purpose). BFG38202 ToZZ'TZZt *Th* time and temperature required to initiate degrada tion will vary.depending upon processing technique, degree of compound stabilization and other factors. As a general rule-of-thumb, degradation begins to occur after about one hour at 177*C (350F), about 10 minutes at 204s C (400* F) and within five minutes at 232C (450 F). In case of power loss or other mishap, shut off the machine and dismantle the die assembly as soon as possible before degradation dr decom position begins. If decomposition begins (with gassing and "popping" sounds) before the die can be disassembled, dangerously high pressure may occur in the die system. In this event, shut off the machine, clear the area of personnel and wait until decomposition stops. Thoroughly venti- ISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY As the conditions or methods of use are beyond our control, we do not assume any responsibility and expressly disclaim any liability for any use of this material. Information contained herein is believed to be true and accurate but all statements or suggestions are made without war ranty, express or implied, regarding accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations remains the responsibility of the user. For domestic transportation purposes, vinyl cube/pellet or powder compounds are not classified as hazardous by the U.S. Department of Transportation under Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 1986 Edition. DOT Proper Shipping Name: Not applicable DOT Hazard Class: Not applicable DOT Label: Not applicable UN/NA Hazard No.: Not applicable Reportable Quantity: Not applicable SECTION XI AZARD CODES For Pellet or Cube Compound NFPA 7041 2 Health: 2 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0 Special: None HMIS* Health: Flammability: Reactivity: Personal Protection: 0 1 0 (See Section VIII.) For Powder Compound NFPA 704' Health: 2 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0 Special: -- HMIS* Health: Flammability: Reactivity: Personal Protection: 1 1 0 (See Section VIII.) Hazard Code Key: 0 = Insignificant 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate 3 = High 4 = Extreme 1 National Fire Protection Association. 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System, Na tional Paint and Coatings Association, Vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are not the same material. Vinyl chloride is a flam mable gas that is strictly regulated by DOT, EPA and OSHA. Through a chemical reaction, this gas -- known as a monomer -- is converted to a nonhazardous white granular powder called polyvinyl chloride resin, PVC or simply, vinyl. It is this vinyl resin that is then combined with functional additives to make Geon vinyl compound. Vinyl resin is not a cancer suspect agent. Moreover, the reaction is not reversible. That is, thermal pro cessing or decomposition will not cause polyvinyl chloride to revert back to vinyl chloride monomer. Employee exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (CAS Registry Number: 75-01-4), a carcinogen, is regulated by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1017). The current regulation requires that no employee may be exposed to VCM concentrations greater than 1.0 ppm (parts per million by volume) averaged over any eight-hour period or 5,0 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes. The action level is 0.5 ppm averaged over any eighthour workday. The regulation applies to the manufacture, packaging, repackaging, storage, handling or use of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride, but does not apply to the handling or use of fabricated products made of polyvinyl chloride. Purchasers of vinyl compound for processing purposes must comply with the permissible exposure limits set by OSHA. Moreover, the regulation requires a program of initial monitoring in each facility to determine if there is any employee exposure in excess of the action level without the use of respirators. If monitoring does not find VCM above 0.5 ppm, no further action is necessary. Refer to OSHA regulations (including 29 CFR 1910.1017) for complete details. SPECIAL NOTE: Vinyl Chloride Warning Labels on Compound Containers Monitoring of vinyl processing and fabricating plants and modeling studies show that the action level (0.5 ppm) cannot be exceeded when residual VCM is at or below 8.5 ppm in Geon vinyl compound. Shipping containers for these compounds are not labeled by BFGoodrich w To1 u> oo to o u> < unless a customer specifies otherwise. Geon' vinyl compound will be labeled if residual monomer exceeds 8.5 ppm. The OSHA regula tion requires that the label say "Polyvinyl chloride contains vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is a cancer suspect agent." The vinyl in Geon' vinyl is not a cancer suspect agent. It is the trace amount of unreacted vinyl chloride monomer that must be controlled, not the vinyl resin itself. Although some containers may be labeled, this does not necessarily mean that employee expo sure to VCM will exceed permissible exposure limits. Using "worst case" conditions of thermal processing, our studies show that more than 30 ppm of unreacted monomer in vinyl resin is needed to cause 0.5 ppm to be present in the atmosphere of a hot, poorly ventilated workplace. For further information, please read BFGoodrich Technical Service Bulletin No. 12, "Vinyl Studies." Good ventilation in those areas where VCM might concentrate -- such as where con tainers are stored and first opened, where materials are mixed and where compound is melted -- will further ensure a work environment virtually free of VCM. APPENDIX 2 HDLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND HAZARD COMMUNICATION The OSHA hazard communication standard requires that manufacturers of products state in the MSDS whether or not the material is listed as a carcinogen. The lists to be consulted include OSHA Health Standards, The International Agen cy for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). NIOSH in the 1983 RTECS listed Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) as a carcinogen. NIOSH mis interpreted the IARC monograph 19.377.76 (Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation). The monograph states that "studies (about)... the possibility of cancer in workers involved in the fabrication of plastics, including polyvinyl chlor ide, are insufficient to evaluate carcinogenicity." IARC monograph 19.419.79 correctly identified vinyl chloride monomer as a carcinogen. NIOSH's inexplicable expansion to include all the polymers listed (including Tygon which is used in medical tubing) was in error. The Vinyl Institute, a trade organization represen ting the PVC industries in June, 1987 managed to get the RTECS review board to correct the misinterpretation of the IARC monographs. Polyvinyl chloride is now listed as presenting inadequate evidence of being a human or animal carcinogen. BFG38204 , Functional additives USED IN PVC COMPOUND Additives chosen for a specific compound will vary according to processing and final product requirements. The followng fist does not repre sent all possible additives but it does represent typical ingredients which may be used in vinyl compounds. Stabilizer inhibits thermal degradation of the compound during processing and throughout the service life of the product. Stabilizers may be grouped into four classes: organometallic tins, lead salts, mixed metal salts and specialpurpose stabilizers. The most common organo metallic tin stabilizers are tin mercaptides, mainly methyl tin and butyl tin. Some stabilizers, including di-n-octyl and dimethyl tin mercaptide, are FDA acceptable for food contact applications. Geon vinyl compound containing organic tins are labelled. Lead salts, like dibasic lead phosphite, are mainly organic lead compounds and include sulfates, silicates, phosphates, stearates, phthalates and maieates. Powdered lead compounds are labelled. Lead compounds will not be emitted into the workplace during normal thermal processing operations. Mixed metal salts include calcium-zinc and barium-cadmium systems. Special-purpose stabilizers include flame retardants such as antimony derivatives and ultraviolet light absorbers. Stabilizer will typically be present in amounts up to 5% by weight. Prbcesslng aids -- The most common pro cessing aids used with vinyl compound are acrylics or styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers present at levels up to 5.0% by weight. Impact modifiers commonly used with vinyl include acrylates, chlorinated polyethylene, methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), acrylonitriie-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and rub ber. Although not present in all compounds, when used, impact modifier may range up to 20% by weight. Fillers -- Most common are metal carbonates, mainly calcium carbonate, which is usually in the form of ground limestone and coated with stearic acid. Other fillers may be silicates, gypsum, clay, alum and barytes. Plasticizer -- Many kinds of plasticizer are available such as dioctyl, dihexyl and dibutyl phthlates, phosphate esters such as isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, aliphatic alcohol esters such as dioctyl adipate, polymeric plasticizer such as polyesters of adipic acid and monomeric esters such as trimellitate. Dioctyl phthlate is FDA acceptable for food contact applications. When used in flexible vinyl compound, plasticizer concentrations will generally range between 20-50%, by weight. Lubricants -- include paraffin waxes, mineral oils, polyethylene, salts of fatty acids and fatty acids, esters and amides. Lubricants would be present up to approximately 5%. Pigment -- Pigments may be present up to 5% to achieve opacity and color. cn H1 U