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SPI-13525
Table 10-2. Control Costs' for Model VCM Plant (700 Million lb/yr)
Process Emission Points 1. Fugitive rc: Light Ends Column Vent 3. VC1 Finishing Column Vent 4. Oxychlorlnatlcn Reactor Main Vent
ALTERNATIVE I
ALTERNATIVE II
Control
Installed Capital Total Annualized
Control Installed Capital Total Annualized
Techniques
Cost
Cost Techniques
Cost
Cost
(See Table 10-6)
$428
$193
(Same as Alt. I)
$ 428
$193
Incineration Incineration
$161
Incineration
$ 50 Incineration
$ 749
$563
Incineration
TOTAL2
Annual Cost (tf/lb)^
Percentage Emission Reduction (By Weight)
$589 88
Iftll costs In thousands of January 1975 dollars unless otherwise stated
^Totals are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars ^Based on production at 100 percent capacity
$243 0.034
$1,177 96
$756 0.11
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SPI-13526
Process Emission Points
Control Techniques
Table 10-3. Control Costs^ for Model PVC Suspension Plants (150 Million lb/yr.)
CASE A
CASE B
Installed Total
Installed
Capital Annualized Control Capital
Cost
Cost Techniques Cost
CASE C 5/
CASE D 6/
Total
Installed Total
Installed Total
Annualized Control Capital Annualized Control Capital Annual.
Cost Techniques Cost
Cost Techniques Cost
Cost
1. Fugitive
2. Reactor Entry Purge and Stripper Loss
3. Reactor Vent Safety Valve
(See Table 10-7)
$226
4. Vent Condenser
5. Slurry Blend Tank and Centrifuge
6. Dryer
7. Bulk Storage and Transfer
TOTAL3
Annual Cost ((/lb)4
Percentage Emission Reduction (By Weight)
35
$226
$204 Same as Case A
$ 226 $204
Same as Case A
$ 226 $204 Same as Case A
$ 226 $ 204
Gasholder; reactor
vvotti P'Ji 'J6 system
Same as Case B $ 824 ($489)2
$ 824 ($489)
Same as Case B
$ 824 ($ 489)
Carbon Adsorption
Improved Stripping Operation
$ 220 ($ 29)
$ 368 $ 94
Incinera- !$1,368 tion
$1,659
$204 0.14
78
$ 1,050 ($285) (0.19)
81--^ 95?/
$1,638 ($220) (0.15)
95
$2,418 $1,374 0.92
IaII costs in thousands of January 1975 dollars unless otherwise stated.
^Parentheses Indicate number is a credit, rather than a cost. iTotals are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars. rBased on production at 100 percent capacity. ^Corresponds to Alternative I in Chapter 6 and Alternative II (at seme undetermined additional cost) if it can be met through improved stripping. ^Corresponds to Alternative II in Chapter 6 if carbon adsorption or incineration must be used. gStripping to 6000 ppm vinyl chloride. Stripping to 400 ppm vinyl chloride.
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SPI-13527
Process Emission Points 1. Fugitive
Control Techniques
Table 10-'4. Control CostsVor Model PVC Dispersion Plants {30 Million Ib/yr)
CASE A
CASE B
Installed Total
Installed
Capital Annualized Control Capital
Cost Cost Techniques Cost
CASE C 5/
CASE D 6/
Total
Installed Total
Installed Total
Annualized Control Capital Annualized Control Capital Annual.
Cost Techniques Cost
Cost Techniques Cost
Cost
(See Table $176 $186 (Same as
10-8)
Case A)
$ 176 $186
(Same as Case A)
$ 176 $186
(Same as Case A)
$ 176 $ 186
2. Reactcr Entry Purge Ct*'ippc" Loss
3 ktacto- Vent Safety Vaiva
Gasholder; reactor water purge system
$ 824 ($489)2 (Same as Case B)
$ 824 ($489)
(Same as Case B)
$ 824 ($ 489)
4. Vent Condenser
5. Slurry Blend Tank
Carbon Adsorption
$ 220 $ 43
Incinera tion
$1,703 $2,489
6. Spray Dryer
Improved
Stripping Operation
$ 123 $ 26
7. Bulk Storage and Transfer
TOTAL3
$176 $186
$1,000 ($303)
$1,343 ($234)
$2,703 $2,186
Annual Cost U/lb)^
Percentage Emission Reduction (By Weight)
0.62 17
(1.0) 52
88^
q78/
(0.78)
7.3 g7?/
2^111 costs in thousands of January 1975 dollars unless otherwise stated. Parentheses indicate number is a credit, rather than a cost. Totals are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars. Based on production at 100 percent capacity. Corresponds to Alternative 1 in Chapter 6 and Alternative II (at some undetermined additional cost) if it can be met through improved stripping. Corresponds to Alternative II in Chapter 6 if carbon adsorption or incineration must be used.
Stripping to 6000 ppm vinyl chloride. Stripping to 400 ppm vinyl chloride. Sources downstream of stripper must be controlled to less than 10 ppm.
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SP1-13528
Table 10- 5. Control Costs^ for Model PVC Bulk Plant (100 Million lb/yr)
Process Emission Points
Control Techniques
CASE A
CASE B
Installed Total
Installed
Capital Annualized Control Capital
Cost
Cost Techniques Cost
CASE C
Total
Installed
Annualized Control Capital
Cost Techniques Cost
CASE D
Total
Installed
Annualized Control Capital
Cost Techniques Cost
Tota': Annua'
Cost
1. Fugitive
(See Table $210 $199 (Same as
10-9)
Case A)
$210 $199 (Same as Case A)
$210 $199 (Same as Case A)
$ 210 $199
2. Reactor Vent Safety Valve
3. Reactor Entry Purge
4. Vent Condenser
Carbon
$220 $ 35 (Same as
Adsorption
Case B)
$220 $144 Incinera tion
$ 862 $717
5. Product Transfer
Improved Stripping Operation
$279 $ 74
TOTAL2 Annual Cost (4/1 b)^
$210 $199 0.20
$430 $234 0.23
$709 $417 0.42
$1,072 $916 0.92
Percentage Emission Reduction (By Weight)
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
-All costs In thousands of January 1975 dollars unless otherwise stated. ^Totals are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars. JBased on production at IOC percent capacity.
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SPl-13529
r' i : 1 ' ' ' ! ' Table 10--6. Summary of Fugitive Emission Control Costs for Balanced
Vinyl Chloride Monomer Typical Plant (Production Rate = 700 Million lb/yr)
Control Measure^
Installed Cost3
Annual Direct Operating Cost
Annualized . Capital Charges0
1. Area Monitoring
' $100,000
$61,500
$15,700
2. Portable Monitoring
3. Sample Flask Control Systems
4. Sonic/Magnetic Level Indicators
5,000 150,000
13,2G0
71,000 (10,800)d
( 1,200)d
800 23,400
2,100
5. Rupture Discs
40,000
6,COO
7,500
6. "Canned" Pumps
120,000
Negligible6
17,000
Total Annualized Costc
$77,200 71,800 13,000
900
13,500 17,000
TOTALS (rounded to nearest thousand $)
$428,000
$126,000
$67,000
$193,000
?A11 costs computed as of January 1975. "includes: depreciation, interest, and administrative charges (taxes. Insurance, overhead). TThe "total annualized cost" equals the sum of "annual direct operating cost" and "annualized capital charges". ^Parentheses indicate a credit, not a cost. TThat is, there is no incremental cost compared with ordinary process pumps.
'Note differences in fugitive controls mentioned on page 10-3.
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Table 10-7. Summary cf Fugitive Emission Control Costs for Suspension
Polyvinyl Chloride Typical Plant (Production Rate =: 150 Million lb/.yr)*
Control Measure^
Installed Cost9
Annual Direct Operating Cost
Annualized . Capital Charges0
1. Area Monitoring
$125,000
$ 85,000
$ 19,600
2. Portable Monitoring
3. Sample Flask Control Systems
4. Sonic/Magnetic Level Indicators
5,000 25,000
2,200
71,000 ( 1,800)d
( 200)d
800 3,900
350
5. Rupture Discs
28,600
4,300
5,400
6. "Canned" Pumps
22,500
Negligible6
6,500
7. In-Line Delumpers
18,000
6,600
2,600
TOTALS (rounded to nearest thousand $)
$226,000
$165,000
$ 39,000
*5ee Table 10-6 for all applicable footnotes.
Total Annualized Costc $104,600 71,800 2,100
150
9,700 6,500 9,200
$204,000
s p l-13530
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Table 10- 8. Summary of Fugitive Emission Control Costs for Dispersion
Polyvinyl Chloride Typical Plant (Production Rate = 30 Million lb/yr)*
Control Measure^
Installed Cost3
Annual Direct Operating Cost
Annualized . Capital Charges0
1. Area Monitoring
$125,000
$ 85,000
$19,600
2. Portable Monitoring
3. Senile Flask Control Systems
4. Sonic/Magnetic Level Indicators
5,000 25,000
2,200
71,000 ( 1 ,800)d
( 200)d
800 3,900
350
5. Rupture Discs
8,600
1,300
1,600
6. "Canned" Pumps
4,500
Negligible6
1,300
7. In-Line Delumpers
6,000
2,200
900
Totals (rounded to nearest thousand $)
$176,000
$158,000
$28,000 ;
*See Table 10-6 for all applicable footnotes.
Total Annualizec Cost0 $104,600 71,800 2,100
150
2,900 1,300 3,100
$186,000
SPI-13531
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SPI-13532
Table 10-9. Summary of Fugitive Emission Control Costs for Bulk
Polyvinyl Chloride Typical Plant (Production Rate = 100 Million lb/yr)*
Control Measure ^
Installed Cost3
Annual Direct Operating Cost
Annualized . Capital Charges0
1. Area Monitoring
$125,000
$ 85,000
$19,600
2. Portable Monitoring
5,000
71,000
800
3. Sample Flask Control Systems
25,000
( l,800)d
3,900
4. Sonic/Magnetic Level Indicators
: 2,200
( 200)d
350
5. Rupture Discs
20,000
3,000
3,800
6. "Canned" Pumps
15,000
Negligible
4,300
7. In-Line Delumpers
18,000
6,600
2,600
Totals (rounded to nearest thousand $)
$210,000
$164,000
$35,000
*See Table 10-6 for all applicable footnotes
Total Annualized Cost $104,600 71,800 2,100
150
6,800 4,300 9,200
$199,000
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SPM3533
Control Method 1. Sc"vent Absorption
2. Refrigeration 3. Solvent Cleaning of Reactors
4. Dehumidification + Carbon Adsorption
5. Carbor. Adsorption (alone) 6. Incineration
Table 10-10. Summary of Model Plant Costs for Supplemental Control Methods3'^
Process Point(s) Controlled
Installed
Net Direct
Capital Cost Operating Cost
Total Annualized Annualized Capital Charge Cost
A. Suspension PVC plants: vent condenser and and slurry blend tank
B. Dispersicr PVC plants: vent condenser and slurr. bit- tank
C. Bulk PVC plants: vent condenser
A. VCM plants: EDC light ends column vent
B. VCM plants: vinyl finishing column vent
A. Suspension PVC plants
B. Dispersion PVC plants C. Bulk PVC plants
A. Suspension and dispersion plants: driers
J 53,000
$ 65,000
$ 37,000 $100,000 $ 7,000 $589,000 $224,000 $462,000 $1,670,000
$ 756,000
$1 ,908,000
($ 7,000)c $ 17,000 $ 500 $ 356,000 $ 71,000 $ 238,000 $ 334,000
$ 8,000
$ 764,000
$10,000
$1,918,000
$ 6,000 $16,000 $ 1,000 $84,000 $32,000 $66,000 $314,000
($ 2,000) $ 33,000 $ 2,000 $ 440,000 $ 103,000 $ 304,000 $ 648,000
A. Suspension and dispersion plants: driers
A. Suspension PVC plants; slurry blend tank and centrifuge; driers; bulk storage and transfer
B. Dispersion PVC plants (Same as 6A)
C. Bulk PVC plants; reactor vent safety valve, reactor entry purge, vent condenser product transfer
$2,300,000 $1,368,000
$1 ,703,000 $ 862,000
($ 6,000)c $1,402,000
$432,000 $257,000
$ 426,000 $1,659,000
$2,169,000 $ 555,000
$320,000 $162,000
$2,489 000 $ 717,000
SPI-13534
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Table 1C-10. Summary of Model Flant Costs for Supplemental Control Methods6,13 (Ccn't) .All costs greater than $1,000 are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars; those below $1,000 are rcunded to the nearest $100. ^All costs are in terms of January 1975 dollars. cParentheses indicate value is a credit, not a cost.
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size o f 700 m illio n pounds per year was chosen to represent a typ ica l new
f a c ilit y that might be constructed in the fu tu re . Costs to comply with EPA
e fflu e n t regulations are included in the analysis. The derivation o f these
costs are shown in Table 10-12. Note th a t p r o f it a b ilit y (as measured by SPl-13541
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Table 10-16. Financial Impact of Alternative Control Levels on New Dispersion Process PVC Plants
Investment U/lb/yr)
Sales Lj-.t of Sales (Excl. Depreciation) i..p'*e;iation -cfit before Tax .axf-j Profit After Tax
POI*
Price Increase Required to Maintain Pre-control Profitability
i/tf %
Plant Meeting
Uncontrolled
Effluent Regulations
Plant_________ (Incl. VCM Alt. II)**
IS.45
21.84
34.00 vVlb 20.89
1.95 11.16 5.58 5.58
34.00 21.50
2.18 10.32 5.16 5.16
28.7%
23.6%
Plant Meeting Effluent Regulations Plus
Level A Level B Level C Level D
22.43
25.17
26.32
30.85
34.00 22.06
2.24 9.70 4.85 4.85
34.00 20.27
2.52 11.32 ' 5.66 5.66
34.00 20.27
2.63 11 .10 5.55 5.55
34.00 27.89
3.09 3.02 1.51 1.51
21.6%
22.5%
21 .1%
4.9%
2.21$ 6.5%
3.17
3.12
4.00
14.68
9.3%
9.2%
11.8%
43.2%
* Profit after tax * investment. **Thfs case represents a new plant that complies with the effluent regulations for PVC plants and obtains VCM from an Alt.
controlled plant that complies with the effluent regulations for VCM plants. This VCM cost includes the cost of compliance with effluent regulations at EDC plants. New source effluent regulations, equal to BAT regulations, were used.
fCTE. Kcdei plant size is 30,000,000 Ib/yr.
S^'J 'CES. a) Uncontrolled model plant investment and operating costs based upon: In-Depth Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Production, Houdry Division, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. December 6, 1974, p. PVC 87.
b) Effluent costs based upon Table 10-12. c) Air pollution control costs from Table 10-14 and Table 10-11.
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SPI-13554
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SPI-13557
Table 10-15. Financial Impact of Alternative Control Levels on New Suspension Process PVC Plants
,
Investment U/lfc/yr)
Sr. les Cr?v of Sales ij.p: fuictlcn Profit Before lax Taxes Profit After Tax
Depreciation)
R0I*
Trice Increase Required to Maintain Pre-control Profitability
</# %
Uncontrolled Plant
12.00
24,OC e/lb 15.92
1.20 6.88 3.44 3.44
28.7%
--
Plant Meeting Fffluent Regulations Unci. VCM Alt. II)**
12.84
24.00 16.38
1.28 6.34 3.17 3.17
24.7%
1.02$ 4.3%
Plant Meeting Effluent Regulations Plus
Level A Level B Level C Level D
12.99
13.54
13.93
14.45
24.00 16.50 1.30 6.20
3.10 3.10
24.00 16.12 1.35 6.53 3.265 3.265
24.00 16,12
1.39 6.49 3.245 3.245
24.00 17.13
1.45 5.42 2,71 2.71
23.9%
24.1%
23.3%
18.8%
1.25 1.23 1.50 2.86
5.2%
5.1%
6.2%
11.9%
r>. i
o
Profit after tax * investment. This case represents a new plant that complies with the effluent regulations for PVC plants and obtains VCM from an Alt. II-
controlled plant that complies with the effluent regulations for VCM plants. This VCM cost includes the cost of compliance with effluent regulations at EDC plants. New source effluent regulations, equal to BAT regulations, were used.
NOTE: Model plant size is 150,000,000 Ib/yr.
SOURCES: a) Uncontrolled model plant investment and operating costs based upon: In-Depth Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Production, Houdry Division, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. December 6, 1974, p. PVC-87.
b) Effluent costs based upon Table 10-12. c) Air pollution control costs from Table 10-3 and Table 10-11.
Ar u
V -----J*
*v
SPM3558
Table 10-16. Financial Impact of Alternative Control Levels on New Dispersion Process PVC Plants
Investment U/lb/yr)
Sal es l,,-.t of Sales (Excl. Depreciation) w.pres'iation -'ctit before Tax axt-o Profit After Tax
EG I*
Price Increase Required to Maintain Pre-control Profitability
t/9 %
Plant Meeting
Uncontrolled
Effluent Regulations
Plant_________ (Incl. VCM Alt. II)**
19.45
21.84
34.00 if lb 20.89
1.95 11.16
5.58 5.58
34.00 21.50 2.18 10.32
5.16 5.16
28.7%
23.6%
-- 2.21* -- 6.5%
Plant Meeting Effluent Regulations Plus
Level A Level B Level C Level D
22.43
25.17
26.32
30.85
34.00 22.06 2.24
9.70 4.85 4.85
34.00 20.27
2.52 11.32
5.66 5.66
34.00 20.27
2.63 11.10
5.55 5.55
34.00 27.89
3.09 3.02 1.51 1.51
21.6%
22.5%
21.1%
4.9%
3.17 9.3%
3.12 9.2%
4.00
14.68
11.8% 43.2%
00
1 Q
''Profit after tax investment. **TMs case represents a new plant that complies with the effluent regulations for PVC plants and obtains VCM from an Alt. II-
controlled plant that complies with the effluent regulations for VCM plants. This VCM cost includes the cost of compliance with effluent regulations at EDC plants. New source effluent regulations, equal to BAT regulations, were used.
IC't. Kcdel plant size is 30,000,000 lfc/yr.
Sn,J CES: a) Uncontrolled model plant Investment and operating costs based upon: In-Pepth Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Production, Houdry Division, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. December 6, 197^, p. PVC 87.
b) Effluent costs based upon Table 10-12. c) Air pollution control costs from Table 10-14 and Table 10-11.
!
1
SPI-13559
rrr
r
Table 10-17. Financial Impact of Alternative Control Levels on New Bulk Process PVC Plants
Investment U/lb/yr)
Sales Cost of Sales (Excl. Depreciation) Lr tc inti or
U Before Tax Taxes Profit After Tax
RCI*
Price Increase Required to Maintain Pre-control Profitability
*/# %
Uncontrolled Plant
13.55
24.00 tf/lb 15.92
1.36 6.72 3.36 3.36
24.8*
Plant Meeting Effluent Regulations (Incl. VCM Alt. II)
14.65
24.00 16.41
1.47 6.12 3.06 3.06
20.9%
Plant Meeting Effluent Regulations Plus
Level A Level B Level C Level D
14.86
15.08
15.36
15.72
24.00 16.59 1.49 5.92 2.96 2.96
24.00 16.60
1.51 5.89 2.945
2.945
24.00 16.76
1.54 5.70 2.85 2.85
24.00 17.22
1.57 5.21
2.605 2.605
19.9%
19.5%
18.6%
16.6%
1.14*
1.45 1.59 1.92 2.59
--
4.8%
6.0%
6.6%
8.0%
10.8%
Profit after tax * investment. This case represents a new plant that complies with the effluent regulations for PVC plants and obtains VCM from an Alt. II-
controlled plant that complies with the effluent regulations for VCM plants. This VCM cost includes the cost of compliance
with effluent regulation;: at ECC plrnts. New source effluent regulations, equal to BAT regulations, were used.
NOTE: Model plant size is 100,0C0,CG0 lb/yr.
SOURCES:
a) Uncontrolled model plant investment and operating costs based upon: In-Depth Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Production, Houdry Division, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. December 6, 1974, p. PVC 87.
b) Effluent costs based upon Table 10-12.
c) Air pollution control costs from Table 10-5 and Table 10-11.
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Table 10-18. Estimated Costs fo r Compliance w ith E fflu e n t
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SPI-13562
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SPI-13563
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15
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Table 10-19.
Table 10-19. Estimated Cumulative Compliance Costs -fo r:L e v e l A
CM
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35
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io-54
SPI-13564
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111 i poll's (PVC) 140"
Leominster (PVC) 180 Total 323
2,279 2,415 4,694
487 666 17153
0.350 6
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> CL CL v--
sz n_ u-- -
>> c +->
r- O .C Q) 5 *r-
S- 01 > U r-- O O
*0 CL (0 r-- 4->
O (0^ 0) -r- 4-1
O -J
CD > O L
CD >> </>-
QJ i--
C S_ OVf" S- > id
O C C 3 XJ *-- 4->
U->(DOO!U(l30
<1 J JCLUh
co
o > CL ^ --"CD
> V) o_ r-
id 01 u_ c
r-
cd E S- i. (D id id 3 i-- 0J CD CT f0 >> Id Id 4-1 XJ *r- r-- O O Z CL 1-- o CD
o > C CL* rd -- O r- cr.
S- s.
01 3
E X) < x:
u 4-> 4-> id *r01 lx. u
CD
Keysor-Century
Saugus (PVC)
35
1 ,4CC F47
0.71
r-- o
CO to VO CO VO CO
1 VO cr> VO 00 VO CO VO CO M"
1
o o oc o O ooO
1 cc o
VO CJ
00 in ro
I CM c*> VC cv* cr CO
oo <i
vT
o --
in CO CM VO
*
CO cT' CM vc cr.
r~ O CG CO
CT> O C> VL. VO ro CM in c: i.O
VO vt
Ot
r-- t
cm o CO VO i--
am
a <t
r- r" CO CM i-- CM
i o O co in CO O o uo LO i r-- VD t-- cc IT) vo o> in
*--> 2l o >
XE rd 01 E jr to U -r~ o a; C CD o
o
Cl 1
a r-- 01 r* v*-- O CD P C c rd sin Cl c to o
^
CJ x: > u c_
id 4-> fd to
to r- O id *T3 c ai O ir- Q) 4-> S id z:
<.
C_> VD >> CL Cl.
--*
C QJ
O i-- -- 4-J r--
<d cr -
4-> C > C r- l/i 1--
<u --
rd
O S- o 4->
V- 13 !- O
u co in i--
o
o
o > Q_
O
a. ^^
-p ai = O LO c to r- a:
o
M C o id > to CL <0 ^ <u
d; u a 4-1 *rO Id 4-> r-- to to c id id to - 4-> 4-1 id o O C CL CL 1-- id CL
Table 10-20. F;*
t l k.
w-i' L
CO
X> OJ 3 C in c Pc i' o c o <L U c id
o o. o P 0 5 gO 3> O a. TJ a 0) c P c-- id P B in r~ rPX in LU llJ
Pre
C in CM r--
1o O S-- p
c a> o r~ o JO it
CM in O P> tn Q_ O O JO
r-- TJ QJ N
id 3 C c
<
id c O^s r- O PO r- O "O --' a <
ti 1 ii 1
00 CO
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111 1!1
CM
VC at
t1 1 11 1
f"-- CM .
o
O CO
CM CM
1
CM
OO O
VO o CM
CO CO
1 1
CO
oo o
CM CO
o
11 1 111
CO O CO 1 co i-- Oi 1 o in
fv. CO VO 1 at c*-. a ;
re*
CO
CO r--
re*
in oo
reck
00
LO 1 CO 1
o
1o I vo
CO CO
ro C r-r-- O id ^ - P O P *f- O r- QlO *D id TJUW
cl
m *o c >> 3 PO r- CL U^ <0 P *CL O (O <0 QJ o in >= o o s> n- QJ cl r-- cl r--
z: v--
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i--
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00 *
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r-- Id
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co
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to r-.
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p
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co at r- 00 00 CO I-- co
mono m k t
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tr> O l in VO CM 1 co
CM
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O c c> O O--' pp OlDC cco OT-*r-pi-- U -- E *n id O) L QJ J+J C 3 r- O O CCQU-Ih <u p
r-ino VO
^ wo VO
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CM CM
LO
OO 1 O VO O 1 VO i-- co re*
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p QJ -- ---XL i- id P P O X *1- *rL. O O O id or W l/Jr*
p ro id id C 3 X XP O O <U QJ o r in p p p c =>
at vo r--
k CM
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o > CL X-- QJ r-- r-- i-- > r-- in id qj >> c: O *fs- id 'i-- o. c CO
o at CO
CM CO* reCM r-- v>
i r-- i cn
CM k
in
s. o o LU
s. o id
E CL c in id t- --i U (U< 1-- CD p 3O >P
in r-- P
id c
in
p id s: r--
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rd P
O O "O C
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id u <
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o
r-- P in P
Q. C 3 o *-- in
O O CLP
>c
Q_ CO^x Id
P *~" X3 -- < QC QJ CQ re >--'z:
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id P id P id
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co o o --* in S- o
PP r-- C C X3 o id o <u S- r-- o m m P CL Id P C Poc os C L- Id o o a> o i--
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CPP o a; id P v- > 3 <u a; a.
P O t- O P
P i- O U id
a; p p c o in
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o
OH u C O r- P
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CLi-- S- CQ
id i-- *- o 0 0*0 --
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aj S- QJ
QJ
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o L- O Id 3 COCXIf--
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00 CO lO CO
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o
f-- w > <u
k-
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a
g
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CL F o u
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r-- O a. o g o zc
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co -"*
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in cm r**
0 C r-l-- O f- +-> o
+> *r- O r- 0.0
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sfr O <sj* CM IO 00 CO CM
A A
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CO
tj
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s G > G.*--* --'O ^> >>CL 44 *-- to rPU (O a r*-- 3 4-> O "O S- U P 0) Id r-- (- > U) Id CL r-- C 4-> (0 <D O s- c_) a- t-- 5
1 1
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r-- 10 2 uo *- > E **--' <D X LO 10
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1 Oo
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co
co in ro CM O CM r-- CO in
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in in
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r--
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r**
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C (- fO 44 in
a; r-- to 44
44 XI
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o
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P-- CO 1 <3*
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a>
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to
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ii i 1 iii 1
CM O CO in O IO r-- in co o 'JO
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CM sj- CO cr>
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r- s. g E O S~ <D 0) O. <U 3 r--
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Sj* I 1
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s3* O
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0*1 r-- AA
CM
CM CM IO 0 *3- CM Sj-
O O CO Sfr
AAA A
CO CM r-- 10
sin3*
rc--o
in
co
CM <3- ic
AA
co CO
00O 1 1 0
CO 1 p--
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0
o
CM CM in
G2 >Cl G>
C> CJ O2
C G>
3 T^
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4c04
r--
r-- 0 40-> 130(40->
x>) <d <d o o
x: cq m
h
+>
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G
-
c>. G> --'CL*
<D
r-- C
r-- ^
a) p- 0
C > 44 0 >> to p-- 4-* S- 4-> (T3
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o
s----- --
Table 10-21. Estimated Cumulative Compliance Costs fo r Level C
Great American Fitchburg (PVC) 40 1,888 338 0.85
CM
4i-n> c>?
CO Q.
*3*O r-r-CTiCO
<-> -O CO *3* CO *f
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r-- CO
t<Ju v-*>
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cn
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c X>
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cm co co i-- in a co CJ1CMCVJOUDO o
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c
o
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>> 3
4-> O r- Q_
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to CM _r--
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4->
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CD
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r" i
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c <u o -- r- +-> r-- ro cn -- -M C >
0C *r- in r-- ) ^ rO X S- O 4-> r- 3 *r- O OCQXH U o
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4->
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4-> ro O O C CL CL 1-- ro a_
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r0--1
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CO Q.
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0 .0
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III
CM
III
III
o V
o
o
01 -fc*
M
3TO
C C
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e
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T- 0.0 O CO'*-' *oo^
<
^ 00
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CO CM LO
40 -o
c
>> r
r QO ^-s id P *-
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c o o s.
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tii III
s:
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s: ---*0 s > o -->
-- 40
Cl id r-- (. r-- id t- JC
10c cj r-- >) 01 10 IO ^ P 3 lO O ocj Jh CC a.
CM o o o CO VO VC CVJ CO to cm cn
* t * *
CO kj- co
o in CM
u > Cu *>--
01
r-- r-- r-- J= > CJ 40
qi ai Pc c: tr* (0 XP c ex
s o >
z:
cj
e> f-- ---------r- Q. O o 1--
L U 43 r-- CL* S- P
0r-- 01 C O # Q Li f-- x: O')
CM *
CO
m
o > CL
>> P r--
CJ
CD S-
01
fd ?
P to
p f--
3(0
01 a
p
to
y
Burlington (PVC) Flemingtcn (PVC)
Houston (VCM)
Total
,5
70
-- m-- --
3,201 2,768
1.511-- -- Tissc
390 230
~m --
0.24 0.33
-- OF
CO CM *3* CO
oo
VO CO
CO CO
CO CM 00 VO vc cn
1 Lf> 1
VO
r-
CO r---
I 40 1 LO
CO
o CM
r^. i.o o CM CO o CM
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00
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i-- h- co
40 CM to
>
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p ro id id
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r*--
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CJ > Qm
P < P O P
40
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40 40 E 03
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U E Cl id
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i-- CM
3 CL
i
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o
4
SPI-13571
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i
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li P to o
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uo oo
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o roc
<5
Borden
I llip o lls (PVC) 140
3,615
2.074
1.48
Total
77453
~T^157
Leominster (PVC) 180m ~
3,873
2,533
1.41
o co CM CM 1 CM
1 p- r-
c-- O) CM CO 1-- 1 CM
1 p r--
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ia
ii
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Table 10-22. Estimated Cumulative Compliance Cos*:" fo r Level D
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11.1.2.1.3 Possible Transformations in Ambient A ir. species. When irra d ia te d with simulated solar ra d ia tio n in the presence
of nitrogen oxides ( n itr ic oxide and nitrogen dioxide), vin yl chloride in SPl-13587
a> CO
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time periods, but such sinks would not be expected to be Important in
terms o f urban scale transport o f vin yl chloride. Thus, fo r a f i r s t
approximation, vinyl chloride in the immediate v ic in ity o f vin yl chloride SPl-13588
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Inhalation o f hydrochloric acid causes coughing and choking, as
well as inflammation and ulceration o f the upper respiratory tra c t.
West Germany has established 5 ppm as the permissible w ork-station
concentration and also an ambient a ir q u a lity standard o f 0.5 ppm (approxi
mately 700 yg/m3) of hydrogen chloride fo r a 30-minute mean average, with a maximum of 1.0 ppm (1,400 yg/m3) of hydrogen chloride fo r a 30-minute
SPI-13589
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systems in Chapter 10 are based, the to ta l ca p ita l cost o f a scrubber fo r the model plants would be tw o-thirds o f the to ta l capital cost of the incinerator-caustic scrubber system and the to ta l operating cost o f a water scrubber (with no caustic used) would be approximately h a lf of the to ta l operating cost of the incinerator-scrubber u n it.
SPl-13594
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base model vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride plants are also Included
in Table 11-14 to give some perspective. The figures fo r the base plants
represent the average values reported by two vinyl chloride plants and.
seven polyvinyl chloride plants.10' ^
13,14,15,16,17 j ^ e
was a
wide range o f values reported by Ihe polyvinyl chloride plants due to
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