Document Lor6EMNR9O6bV5KGmvE0q6oRd

HAND TOOLS Hand tool safety Use the right tool the right way Safe use of hand tools A potential source of injury Special tool--especially safe Hand tool safety practices Tools are safety devices Safety with nonpowered hand tools Tool box safety Who's carrying the tool box? Wrench safety Cold chisel work Use hammers safely How to chisel--safely Before nailing into concrete Hammer safety Use the correct hammer for safety Driving and pulling nails Hardened nails can be dangerous Using a star drill Masonry cutting Knife safety Hand knife safety Powder-actuated hand tools Electric portable tools Power hand saw safety Portable power saw--hand safe Tools and extension cords Chain saw safety Power mowing safety CNFTOFNTTAL Hand too!safety THE CORRECT USE OF TOOLS IS THE DISTINGUISHING MARK OF A CRAFTS MAN. THE AMATEUR MAKES SIMPLE JOBS HAZARDOUS BY NOT USING THE CORRECT TOOLS. HE ATTEMPTS TO MAKE A SCREWDRIVER DO A JOB THAT REQUIRES A CHISEL. WHEN THIS DOESN'T WORK, HE MAY THROW THE SCREW DRIVER INTO THE CORNER AND THEN NOT ONLY ISN'T IT A CHISEL, IT'S NOT MUCH OF A SCREWDRIVER EITHER. IT MAY SEEM THAT THE AVERAGE DO-IT-YOURSELFER EQUIPPED WITH A HAMMER, SCREWDRIVER, AND WRENCH IS PRETTY WELL SET TO TAKE ON MOST PROJECTS. BUT OFTEN, HE ISN'T EVEN EQUIPPED TO SAFELY FIX HIS KID'S BICYCLE. THERE ISN'T MUCH YOU CAN DO FOR A BIKE WITH A HAMMER, AND CHANCES ARE THAT THE SCREWDRIVER AND WRENCH WOULD BE THE WRONG SIZE! SOME OF THE MOST OBVIOUS MISUSES OF TOOLS AT HOME OR ON THE JOB RESULT FROM BEING IN A HURRY. YOU GRAB A FILE AND USE IT TO PRY OPEN A BOX. SOMETIMES, PEOPLE USE ANYTHING THEY CAN GET THEIR HANDS ON IN PLACE OF A HAMMER, INCLUDING THEIR HANDS. THIS KIND OF RECKLESSNESS IS ONE REASON THAT IT'S A SOUND PRACTICE TO INSPECT TOOLS BEFORE USING THEM. CHISELS AND PUNCHES SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR MUSHROOMED OR CHIPPED HEADS AND BENT OR BROKEN POINTS. DRILLS, AUGERS, AND BITS MAY BE INCORRECTLY TEMPERED OR DULL AND OTHERWISE WORN. FILE HANDLES MAY BE MISSING OR BROKEN AND THE FILE TANGS BENT, BROKEN, OR CHIPPED. THE JAWS OF WRENCHES OFTEN SPREAD FROM HEAVY USE, AND HAMMER HEADS BECOME DEFORMED OR THE HANDLES ARE CRACKED. IN ONE PLANT, A MAN STRUCK AN OBJECT WITH A HAMMER, AND PART OF 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 621 DO A 123^54 confidential Safety Talks THE HAMMER'S HANDLE BROKE OFF AND HIT HIM IN THE EYE. HIS EYESIGHT WAS SAVED. HOWEVER. INSPECTION OF THE HAMMER BEFORE USE AND SAFETY GLASSES WOULD HAVE PREVENTED A PAINFUL INJURY. IN ANOTHER PLANT, A MAN BROKE HIS HAND WHEN HE WAS ATTEMPTING TO ADJUST A PRESS WITH PLIERS, AND THEY SLIPPED. THE JOB CALLED FOR A WRENCH, BUT THE PLIERS WERE PROBABLY CLOSER AT HAND. SO THIS TYPICAL MISUSE OF A TOOL RESULTED IN A COSTLY INJURY. POWER TOOL DEFECTS SHOULDN'T BE OVERLOOKED EITHER. BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR SUCH THINGS AS BROKEN INSUALTION, LOOSE CONNECTIONS, BRUSHES SPARKING, AND DEFECTS IN THE PLUGS AND SWITCHES. POWER TOOLS, OF COURSE, SHOULD HAVE THIRD-WIRE GROUNDING OR BE DOUBLE INSULATED. ALL OF THE DEFECTS PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED AND ANY OTHERS YOU MAY DISCOVER ARE CAUSE FOR TAKING THE TOOL OUT OF SERVICE. NEVER USE A FAULTY TOOL. CALL IT TO THE ATTENTION OF YOUR SUPERVISOR. IT SHOULD BE EMPHASIZED THAT THE CUTTING EDGE OF KNIVES, CHISELS, r, i DRILLS, AND SIMILAR TOOLS SHOULD BE SHARP. THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THEIR SAFE USE. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ABOUT 8 PERCENT OF ALL COMPENSABLE INJURIES AMONG THE EMPLOYED PEOPLE IN THE NATION RESULT FROM HAND TOOL MISHAPS. THESE INJURIES INCLUDE LOSS OF EYES, FRACTURES, PUNCTURES, AND CUTS AND BRUISES. / PROPER CARE OF THE TOOLS YOU USE IS A NECESSARY STEP IN COMBATING THESE INJURIES. WE'VE MENTIONED SOME OF THE COMMON TOOL DEFECTS TO WATCH FOR, BUT IN ADDITION, CORRECT STORAGE IS IMPORTANT. ' RETURN TOOLS TO THEIR PROPER PLACES WHEN THEY AREN'T IN USE. TOOLS LEFT ON THE FLOOR CAN CAUSE A SERIOUS FALL, AND TOOLS LEFT ON LEDGES OR SCAFFOLDS MAY FALL ON SOMEONE. SHARP TOOLS SHOULD BE 622 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 123655 CONFIDENT! Al Hand Tools STORED SO THAT THEIR CUTTING EDGES AREN'T EXPOSED. TRANSPORTATION OF TOOLS IS ANOTHER FACTOR IN THE SAFETY OF WORKERS. DON'T CARRY POINTED TOOLS IN YOUR POCKET OR THROW TOOLS TO ANOTHER EMPLOYEE. TOOLS SHOULD BE TRANSPORTED IN A TOOL BOX OR CART OR CARRIED IN A BELT DESIGNED FOR THAT PURPOSE. IF A TOOL HAS TO BE EXCHANGED BE TWEEN EMPLOYEES, IT SHOULD BE PASSED WITH THE HANDLE TOWARD THE RECEIVER. IN TRANSPORTING TOOLS FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER, A BUCKET OR BAG THAT WILL SAFELY HANDLE THE TOOLS SHOULD BE SECURED TO A ROPE FOR LIFTING OR LOWERING. SOMETIMES, YOU MAY BE INVOLVED WITH A TOOL THAT HAS TO BE CARRIED ON YOUR SHOULDERS. IN THIS CASE, SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE PAID TO CLEARANCES AND CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN NOT TO STRIKE OTHER WORKERS. SAFETY GLASSES SHOULD BE WORN WHEN USING METAL OR WOODWORKING TOOLS. IN THIS SHORT TIME, WE HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO COVER EVERY TOOL SPECI FICALLY. BUT MANY OF THE SAFETY PRINCIPLES MENTIONED APPLY TO A WIDE VARIETY OF TOOLS. TO SUM UP, USE TOOLS SAFELY AND USE SAFE TOOLS. 1981, Business Research Publications, lnc,, 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 623 DO A 1P3&56 CONFIDENTIAL Use the right toot the right wey WE HAVE ALL HEARD JOKES ABOUT HOW HOUSEWIVES CAN FIX ANYTHING FROM A JAMMED ZIPPER IN A HOUSECOAT TO A JAMMED DRAINPIPE WITH NOTHING BUT A HAIRPIN, PARING KNIFE, OR EYEBROW TWEEZER. ALL I CAN SAY IS "MORE POWER TO THEM." WE KNOW WE CANNOT DO IT HERE. WE CANNOT DO IT RIGHT, AND WE CANNOT DO IT SAFELY, ANYHOW. IN THIS PLANT, WE HAVE A GREAT VARIETY OF TOOLS OF DIFFERENT TYPES, AND ALL OF US, AT ONE TIME OR ANOTHER, USE THEM. SOME ARE SPECIALLY DESIGNED TOOLS FOR ONLY ONE OR TWO JOBS. WE ARE GLAD TO SPEND ADDITIONAL MONEY TO GET TOOLS WE NEED TO DO OUR WORK SAFER AND BETTER. SO THERE IS NEVER ANY REASON OR EXCUSE FOR USING THE WRONG TOOL. IF YOU DON'T HAVE THE RIGHT TOOL, TAKE TIME TO GET IT. DON'T LET IT GO! DON'T TAKE CHANCES! OF COURSE, A RIGHT TOOL IS ONLY HALF THE STORY. THE OTHER HALF IS USING THE TOOL THE WAY IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE USED. ONE CAN BE DANGEROUS AS THE OTHER. HERE ARE A COUPLE OF GLARING EXAMPLES: DID YOU EVER SEE A MAN PUT A WRENCH ON A PIPE JOINT OR NUT AND THEN SLIP A PIECE OF PIPE OVER THE HANDLE TO GET ADDITIONAL LEVERAGE? NO BETTER WAY HAS BEEN DISCOVERED TO HURT YOURSELF AND RUIN EQUIP MENT, TOO. THEN THERE IS THE FELLOW WHO USES THE WRONG TYPE OF WRENCH AND TAKES A LONG SHOT THAT IT WON'T SLIP AND PUT HIM OUT OF COMMISSION FOR A COUPLE OF WEEKS. THE THIRD FELLOW SHOULD BE LOCKED UP FOR HIS OWN PROTECTION. HE IS THE ONE WHO HOLDS AN OBJECT IN HIS HAND AND TRIES TO WORK ON IT WITH A SCREWDRIVER. THE RESULT OF A SLIP IS A PUNCTURE WOUND, AND 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 625 DO A 123657 CONFIDFNTTAL Safety Talks DOCTORS TELL US IT IS THE MOST DANGEROUS KIND BECAUSE IT IS THE MOST DIFFICULT TO CLEAN AND THE MOST LIKELY TO LEAD TO INFECTION. ALL OF THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE ACTS. BUT THERE IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT POINT TO CONSIDER. NO TOOL IS THE RIGHT TOOL UNLESS IT IS IN GOOD CONDITION. IS THE HAMMER HEAD SECURE; IS THE HANDLE GOOD? ARE CUTTING TOOL EDGES SHARP? CHECK THE JAWS ON YOUR WRENCHES FOR WORN OR SPREAD JAWS, WHICH ARE POTENTIAL KNUCKLEBUSTERS. IF THE TOOL IS BAD, DON'T USE IT. REPLACE IT. A DIRTY OR GREASY TOOL IS A HAZARD, TOO. GREASE AND DIRT CAUSE SLIPPING. ONE LAST POINT: A LOT OF ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED BY LEAVING TOOLS LYING AROUND AFTER THE JOB IS DONE. THEY CAUSE TRIPS, CAN RUIN MACHINERY, AND IF THEY FALL, THEY CAN DO PLENTY OF DAMAGE. LET'S REMEMBER THAT HAND TOOLS ARE LIKE FIRE. THEY SERVE US IN MANY WAYS, BUT, LIKE FIRE, THEY ARE A SERIOUS POTENTIAL HAZARD. * USE THE RIGHT TOOL * USE IT AS IT SHOULD BE USED. * MAKE SURE IT IS SAFE TO USE. * KEEP IT IN ITS RIGHT PLACE. YOUR JOB WILL BE MUCH SAFER AND EASIER. TRY FOLLOWING THIS ADVICE. YOU WILL FEEL MUCH BETTER FOR IT. 626 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 1P3658 CONFTDFNTIAL Safe use of hand tools OF ALL THE EQUIPMENT PLACED AT OUR DISPOSAL, THE COMMON HAND TOOLS, WHICH WE TAKE FOR GRANTED, ARE THE MOST USEFUL AND THE MOST OFTEN ABUSED. A RECENT REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INJURIES REVEALS QUITE A NUMBER OF MINOR INCIDENTS INVOLVING THE USE OF HAND TOOLS. TO COUNTER ACT THIS TREND, IT WOULD BE WISE TO REVIEW THE BASIC RULES GOVERN ING THE USE USE OF HAND TOOLS: * CHOOSE THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB. NEVER USE A MAKESHIFT. * USE ONLY TOOLS THAT ARE IN GOOD CONDITION--NO TOOLS WITH CRACKED OR BROKEN HANDLES, NONE WITHOUT HANDLES, NONE WITH MUSHROOMED OR BROKEN HEADS. * KEEP KEEN-EDGED BLADES SHARP. STORE THEM SAFELY WHEN NOT IN USE. * DO NOT USE A HAMMER WITH A HARDENED FACE ON A HIGHLY TEM PERED TOOL SUCH AS A DRILL, FILE, DIE, OR JIG. CHIPS MAY FLY. * USE WRENCHES OF THE RIGHT SIZE FOR THE JOB. FACE THE JAWS OF AN ADJUSTABLE WRENCH IN THE DIRECTION OF THE PULL. * NEVER APPLY A WRENCH TO MOVING MACHINERY. STOP THE MA CHINE; THEN, REMOVE ALL TOOLS BEFORE STARTING IT AGAIN. * SEE THAT PIPE WRENCH JAWS ARE SHARP AND CHAINS IN GOOD CONDITION SO THEY WILL NOT SLIP. * NEVER USE ANY TOOL IN SUCH A WAY THAT YOU WILL BE INJURED IF IT SLIPS. PREANALYZE YOUR MOVEMENTS, AND POSITION YOUR BODY ACCORDINGLY. * THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CALLS FOR THE USE OF MANY TYPES OF HAND TOOLS. HANDLE THEM CAREFULLY AND USE THEM EXACT LY FOR THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY WERE MADE. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 t 627 DO A 1?3659 CONFIDENTIAL A ofentialsource of injury SOME OF THE BIGGEST CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS ARE PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS AND HAND TOOLS. THOUGH THEY MAY LOOK HARMLESS AT TIMES, THEY ACCOUNT FOR MANY INJURIES, USUALLY BECAUSE THEY HAVE BEEN USED IMPROPERLY. SINCE THE STONE AGE, MAN HAS USED TOOLS TO HELP HIM PERFORM HIS DAILY TASKS--CUTTING, SLICING, BORING HOLES, CHISELING. USING HAND TOOLS HAS BECOME A PART OF LIVING FOR NEARLY EVERYONE BOTH AT HOME AND ON THE JOB. YET, SURPRISINGLY, FEW PEOPLE USE TOOLS CORRECTLY. SAFETY TRAINING IN THE USE OF HAND TOOLS MUST BE THE FIRST THING TAUGHT TO STUDENTS OR APPRENTICES. THE SUPERVISOR MUST PLACE SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE PROPER USE OF TOOLS, OTHERWISE, UNSAFE PRACTICES WILL BECOME HABITS. FIRST AND FOREMOST, EACH WORKER MUST USE THE CORRECT TOOL FOR THE JOB AT HAND. SCREWDRIVERS MUST NOT BE USED AS CHISELS OR PRY BARS. WRENCHES SHOULD NOT BE USED AS HAMMERS. PIPES SHOULD NOT BE USED . AS CROWBARS. EVEN IF THE WORKER ESCAPES INJURY, THE TOOL IS OFTEN DAMAGED, CREATING ANOTHER HAZARD FOR THE NEXT PERSON USING THE TOOL. ANOTHER ASPECT OF TOOL SAFETY IS TO REGULARLY INSPECT THE TOOLS TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE UNDAMAGED AND ARE IN PROPER WORKING ORDER. HANDLES MUST NOT BE SPLINTERED, TOO SHORT, COATED WITH GREASE OR OIL, PATCHED, LOOSE-FITTING, OR POORLY ATTACHED. CHISELS MUST NOT HAVE MUSHROOMED HEADS; JAWS ON WRENCHES MUST NOT BE SPREAD. TOOL BELTS SHOULD ALSO BE INSPECTED REGULARLY TO MAKE SURE THE 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 629 DO A 133660 CONFTDFNTTAL Safety Talks MATERIAL IS IN GOOD CONDITION, TOOLS CAN BE PROTECTED FROM DAMAGE, AND THE BELT IS STRONG ENOUGH TO CARRY THE TOOLS. ALWAYS WEAR THE BELT WITH THE TOOLS HIP-HIGH AND AT THE SIDE RATHER THAN IN BACK TO PREVENT BACK AND SPINE INJURIES IN CASE OF A FALL. POWER TOOLS ARE A MORE OBVIOUS SOURCE OF INJURY, AND INJURIES CAUSED BY THEM CAN OCCUR IN A SPLIT SECOND. PROPER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING IS A MUST WHEN USING POWER TOOLS, INCLUDING SAFETY GLASSES OR SHIELDS. LOOSE-FITTING CLOTHING IS A POTENTIAL DISASTER BECAUSE SUCH CLOTHING MAY BECOME CAUGHT IN THE WHIRLING TOOL AND CAUSE A SERIOUS INJURY. ONE OF THE BIGGEST DANGERS OF USING POWER TOOLS IS THE POTENTIAL FOR ELECTROCUTION. PROPER GROUNDING OF TOOLS IS AN ABSOLUTE NEC ESSITY. CORDS MUST BE PROTECTED FROM CUTS, OIL, OR HEAT, AND OTHER WORKERS MUST BE PROTECTED FROM CORDS AS A TRIPPING HAZARD. OF fy - COURSE, DON'T USE AN ELECTRICAL TOOL WHILE STANDING IN WATER OR ON A DAMP GROUND. AS WITH HAND TOOLS, USE POWER TOOLS ONLY FOR THE JOB THEY WERE ORIGINALLY INTENDED TO DO. FOR EXAMPLE, DON'T USE A PORTABLE SAW AS A TABLE SAW SIMPLY BY PUTTING IT IN A VISE UPSIDE DOWN. POWER TOOLS SHOULD BE INSPECTED FREQUENTLY. MAKE SURE THAT THEY Are kept clean and lubricated at regular intervals, air holes SHOULD BE CLEAR TO PREVENT OVERHEATING. MOTORS SHOULD BE IN GOOD RUNNING ORDER. BLADE GUARDS MUST BE IN PLACE. BITS AND BLADES SHOULD BE KEPT SHARP. WORN CORDS OR DEFECTIVE PLUGS SHOULD BE REPLACED IMMEDIATELY. GO THROUGH A STEP-BY-STEP INSPECTION WHEN CHECKING THE TOOLS. <t : ^ WHEN USING ANY TOOL, HAND OR POWER, KNOW THE CORRECT WAY TO USE IT BEFORE WORKING WITH IT. IF YOU DON'T KNOW HOW, ASK SOMEONE TO SHOW YOU OR GET A QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED PERSON TO OPERATE THE TOOL. WHEN FINISHED, STORE THE TOOL AWAY PROPERLY. A LITTLE COM- ^630 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO CO/\JF tfntTal Hand Tools MON SENSE AND SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS CAN GO A LONG WAY TO PREVENT NEEDLESS INJURIES ON THE JOB. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 631 DO CoNF rDF/vrroL Special foolespecially safe FOR NEARLY EVERY JOB, THERE IS A SPECIAL TOOL. AND FOR THOSE JOBS WITHOUT THEIR OWN SPECIAL TOOL, WAIT AWHILE-IT'S BEING INVENTED. A SPECIALIZED TOOL IS EASY TO IDENTIFY. IT HAS JUST THE RIGHT GRIP, PROPER WEIGHT, AND BALANCE. ITS SUITABLE FITTINGS, DIMENSIONS, AND SIZE MAKE IT EASIER TO DO THE JOB AT HAND. THERE'S ALSO A PROPER WAY TO USE EVERY TOOL WITH SPECIAL MOVEMENTS AND PRESSURES AND SPECIAL ANGLES OR SLANTS TO APPLY THE TOOL. SO IT'S HARD TO EXPLAIN THE KIND OF WORKER WHO USE TOOLS IMPROPERLY OR USES TOOLS THAT ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR THE JOB AT HAND. THE RULES ARE SIMPLE AND WORTH THE TIME TO THINK ABOUT AND PRACTICE. HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES: * USE A MACHINIST'S HAMMER FOR MACHINE WORK AND A CLAW HAM MER FOR CARPENTRY WORK. SLEDGES OR MAULS TAKE PLENTY OF CLEAR WORK ROOM, SO ALWAYS LOOK BEHIND BEFORE BEGINNING A BACKSWING. * WHEN USING A WRENCH, IT IS USUALLY SAFER TO PULL THAN TO PUSH. IF PUSHING IS NECESSARY, DO IT WITH AN OPEN PALM. WHEN USING AN ADJUSTABLE WRENCH, EXERT PRESSURE TOWARD THE MOVABLE JAW. WHEN PULLING DOWN ON A WRENCH FROM OVERHEAD, STAND TO ONE SIDE. NEVER HAMMER ON WRENCHES, AND BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS WHEN USING PIPE EXTENSIONS--IT IS SAFER TO USE THE PROPER SIZE WRENCH. * IF A SAW IS SHARP AND FREE OF RUST, THERE'S LESS LIKELIHOOD OF BINDING OR JUMPING. WITH WOOD SAWS AND HACK SAWS, START CUTS BY GUIDING THE BLADE WITH A THUMB. * A FILE IS NOT A SUITABLE PRY SINCE IT IS BRITTLE AND BREAKS EASILY. NEVER US A FILE WITHOUT A HANDLE. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 633 A 123663 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks * WHEN USING A PRY BAR, MAKE SURE THE BITE IS SECURE BY FIRST APPLYING A SLIGHT PRESSURE. THEN CHECK YOUR OWN BALANCE BEFORE EXERTING FULL FORCE IN ORDER TO PREVENT A FALL IN CASE THE PRY SLIPS. IF YOU ARE UNFAMILIAR WITH A SPECIAL TOOL, LEARN ITS PROPER USE. IF YOU DON'T HAVE THE SPECIAL TOOL FOR A JOB AT HAND, WAIT UNTIL YOU CAN GET ONE OR UNTIL IT'S BEEN INVENTED. 634 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 81/ Broadway, New York, NY 10003 00 A 1P3AA4 CONFIDFNTTAL Hand toolsafety practices IF YOU MISUSE A HAND TOOL OR USE A DEFECTIVE TOOL, YOU MAY RISK SUFFERING A SERIOUS INJURY SUCH AS THE LOSS OF EYES AND VISION OR PUNCTURE WOUNDS FROM FLYING CHIPS; SLIVERS FROM CONCUSSION TOOLS; SEVERED TENDONS AND ARTERIES FROM CUTTING TOOLS; BROKEN BONES AND CONTUSIONS FROM SLIPPING WRENCHES. TO AVOID ACCIDENTS, FOLLOW THESE FOUR SAFE PRACTICES WHEN USING HAND TOOLS: 1. SELECT THE RIGHT TOOLS FOR THE JOB. 2. KEEP TOOLS IN GOOD WORKING CONDITION. 3. USE TOOLS IN THE RIGHT WAY. 4. KEEP TOOLS IN A SAFE PLACE. EXAMPLES OF USING THE WRONG TOOL FOR THE JOB ARE: STRIKING HARD ENED FACES OF HAND TOOLS TOGETHER (USING A CARPENTER'S HAMMER TO STRIKE ANOTHER HAMMER, HATCHET, OR METAL CHISEL); USING A FILE AS A PRY; USING A WRENCH AS A HAMMER; USING PLIERS INSTEAD OF THE PROPER WRENCH. EXAMPLES OF TOOLS IN BAD CONDITION THAT SHOULD NOT BE USED ARE: * WRENCHES WITH CRACKED OR WORN JAWS. * SCREWDRIVERS WITH BROKEN POINTS OR BROKEN HANDLES. * HAMMERS WITH LOOSE HEADS. * DULL SAWS. * EXTENSION CORDS OR ELECTRIC TOOLS WITH BROKEN PLUGS, IM PROPER OR REMOVED GROUNDING SYSTEMS, OR SPLIT INSULATION. EXAMPLES OF USING TOOLS IN THE WRONG WAY ARE: SCREWDRIVERS APPLIED TO OBJECTS HELD IN THE HAND; KNIVES PULLED TOWARD THE BODY; ELEC TRICAL EQUIPMENT THAT IS NOT GROUNDED. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 635 DO A 12366,5 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks EXAMPLES OF KEEPING TOOLS IN AN UNSAFE PLACE ARE: TOOLS LEFT OVER HEAD, WHERE THEY CAN FALL ON SOMEONE; KNIVES, CHISELS, AND OTHER SHARP TOOLS CARRIED IN POCKETS OR LEFT IN TOOL BOXES WITH CUTTING EDGES EXPOSED; TOOLS LEFT ON THE FLOOR. 636 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 12366& CONFIDENTIAL Tools are safety devices IN THE BUSINESS OF SAFETY, WE PLACE A LOT OF EMPHASIS ON SAFETY DEVICES, SAFETY GUARDS, SAFETY GLASSES, HANDHOLDS, RESPIRATORS, AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER THINGS. MOST OF US NEVER STOP TO THINK THAT THE MOST IMPORTANT SAFETY DEVICE A WORKER CAN HAVE IS A GOOD SET OF TOOLS. GOOD TOOLS ARE SAFETY DEVICES BECAUSE THEY TAKE THE PLACE OF HANDS, DOING JOBS OUR HANDS CANNOT DO, AND THEY KEEP OUR HANDS FROM GETTING HURT. GOOD TOOLS ARE SAFETY DEVICES BECAUSE THEY ENABLE US TO DO JOBS WITHOUT STRAIN OR STRUGGLE. MANY OF US HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF SWEATING AND SWEARING AS WE TRY TO REACH AND TURN A HARD-TOGET-AT FITTING. WE BARK OUR KNUCKLES AND, POSSIBLY, DAMAGE EQUIP' MENT. THEN SOMEONE COMES ALONG WITH A TOOL JUST MADE FOR THE JOB, AND HOW EASY IT IS! SO WHEN WE SAY TOOLS ARE SAFETY DEVICES, WE MEAN THE RIGHT TOOLS, NOT MAKESHIFT. A MAKESHIFT CAN BE ANY TOOL NOT SUITED TO THE JOB WE HAVE TO DO, SUCH AS A LIGHT HAMMER FOR A HEAVY JOB OR A HEAVY HAMMER FOR A LIGHT JOB, A FILE FOR A DRIFT PIN OR PRY, PLIERS FOR ALMOST ANY KIND OF WRENCH, ALMOST ANY KIND OF TOOL FOR A HAMMER. WE CAN'T BEGIN TO LIST ALL THE WRONG TOOL USES. LET'S JUST SAY THAT USING THE WRONG TOOL FOR THE JOB HARMS US IN TWO WAYS: THE WRONG TOOL DOESN'T DO THE JOB BECAUSE IT USUALLY CAUSES US TO USE TOO MUCH UNCONTROLLED ENERGY. WE SLIP, WE FALL, AND WE GOUGE OUR SELVES. WE PINCH OUR HANDS AND SUFFER ALL KINDS OF DAMAGE WHEN WE USE THE WRONG TOOL OR A MAKESHIFT. THE SECOND HARM WE DO BY USING THE WRONG TOOL IS THAT WE OFTEN 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 637 D0 A 173667 CONFIDENTT Al Safety Talks JIMMY THE TOOL OK FITTING, PREPARING THE WAY FOR A FUTURE ACCIDENT. IT IS OFTEN SAID: "YOU CAN TELL A MECHANIC BY HIS TOOLS," THIS IS TRUE! A GOOD MECHANIC VALUES HIS TOOLS. HE TAKES GOOD CARE OF THEM AND USES THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB. THE WORKER WHO DOESN'T TAKE CARE OF HIS TOOLS, WHO LETS THEM GET DIRTY AND BEATEN UP, WHO OFTEN CAN'T FIND THE ONE HE NEEDS AND USES ANY KIND OF A TOOL FOR A SUBSTITUTE IS USUALLY NOT A GOOD OR A SAFE MECHANIC. WHEN I TALK ABOUT TAKING GOOD CARE OF YOUR TOOLS, I DON'T WANT YOU TO THINK THAT I MEAN ONLY THE TOOLS YOU'VE PURCHASED WITH YOUR OWN MONEY. I ALSO MEAN THE COMPANY'S TOOLS BECAUSE, AT SOME POINT, YOU WILL PROBABLY HAVE TO USE THEM. IT IS TO YOUR ADVANTAGE TO TAKE AS GOOD CARE OF THE COMPANY'S TOOLS AS YOU WOULD YOUR OWN. 638 1981. Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 1 ?36ife8 CONFIDENTIAL Safety with nonpoweted hand tools HAND TOOLS CAN BE DANGEROUS. ACCIDENT REPORTS HAVE PROVEN ONE FACT: LITTLE HAND TOOLS CAN CAUSE GREAT INJURIES. ALMOST ALL HAND TOOL INJURIES CAN BE AVOIDED BY FOLLOWING JUST A FEW SIMPLE RULES: SELECT THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB; MAKE SURE IT IS IN GOOD CONDITION BEFORE YOU START WORK; USE IT THE RIGHT WAY. CHISELS PROPER CARE * KEEP THE CUTTING EDGE SHARP AT ALL TIMES. * REPAIR THE CHISEL HEAD OR DISCARD THE CHISEL AT THE FIRST SIGN OF MUSHROOMING. MUSHROOMED HEADS OFTEN PRODUCE FLYING CHIPS OF METAL THAT CAN BE VERY DANGEROUS. ESPE CIALLY TO YOUR EYES. PROPER USE * SELECT THE RIGHT SIZE CHISEL FOR THE JOB. * USE A MALLET RATHER THAN A HAMMER WHENEVER POSSIBLE. MAKE SURE THE MALLET IS THE RIGHT SIZE FOR THE CHISEL. * WEAR GOGGLES WHEN CHIPPING. USE A SCREEN OR SHIELD AROUND THE WORK TO PROTECT OTHERS WHO ARE NEAR. * CHIP IN A DIRECTION AWAY FROM YOU, AND DON'T USE MORE FORCE THAN IS NECESSARY. * HOLD THE CHISEL NEAR THE WORK END SO YOUR HAND WILL NOT GET THE FULL FORCE OF A BLOW IF YOU MISS. FILES PROPER CARE * KEEP FILES CLEAN AND SHARP. CLEAN THEM FREQUENTLY WITH A FILE CARD (SHORT WIRE-BRISTLE BRUSH). 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 639 nn ft coSftoentiai. Safety Talks PROPER USE * DON'T USE A FILE UNLESS IT HAS A HANDLE AND THE HANDLE FITS TIGHTLY. * DON'T USE A FILE AS A PRY, CHISEL, OR PUNCH, AND NEVER HAM MER ON A FILE. FILES ARE BRITTLE AND MAY SNAP. * WHENEVER POSSIBLE, USE A VISE TO HOLD THE OBJECT BEING FILED. * WHEN FILING, USE FIRM, SMOOTH STROKES WITHOUT TOO MUCH PRESSURE. SCREWDRIVERS PROPER CARE * REPAIR WORN, BENT, OR BROKEN TIPS, OR THROW THE SCREW DRIVER AWAY. * GRIND OR FILE THE TIP OF THE SCREWDRIVER WHENEVER NECES SARY. IT SHOULD FIT THE SCREW SNUGLY. PROPER USE * SELECT THE RIGHT SIZE SCREWDRIVER TO FIT THE SCREW. * USE A VISE OR GTHER FIRM SUPPORT TO HOLD THE PIECE BEING WORKED. DON'T HOLD THE PIECE WITH ONE HAND AND USE THE SCREWDRIVER WITH THE OTHER. * USE AN AWL, DRILL, OR A NAIL TO MAKE STARTING HOLES FOR SCREWS. * DON'T FORCE A SCREWDRIVER BY USING A HAMMER OR PLIERS ON IT. * DON'T USE'A SCREWDRIVER AS A PUNCH, CHISEL, OR NAIL PULLER. * FOR ELECTRICAL WORK, USE A SCREWDRIVER WITH AN INSULATED ' HANDLE. * DON'T CARRY SCREWDRIVERS IN YOUR POCKETS. HAMMERS PROPER CARE * MAKE SURE THAT THE HAMMER HEAD FITS TIGHTLY. * REPLACE CRACKED HEADS AND LOOSE OR CRACKED HANDLES. .640 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO * CONFIDENTIAL Hand Tools PROPER USE * USE THE RIGHT HAMMER FOR THE JOB. FOR EXAMPLE, A SOFT METAL HAMMER SHOULD BE USED ON HIGHLY TEMPERED TOOLS SUCH AS DRILLS OR DIES, AND A CLAW HAMMER SHOULD BE USED FOR DRIVING NAILS. * GRIP THE HANDLE CLOSE TO THE BUTT END. * USE HAMMERS WITH HEADS OF PROPER HARDNESS SO THEY WILL NOT CHIP OR MUSHROOM. WRENCHES PROPER CARE * DON'T STRAIGHTEN A BENT WRENCH SINCE THAT WILL WEAKEN IT. THROW AWAY WRENCHES THAT ARE BENT, CRACKED, BADLY CHIPPED, OR THAT HAVE LOOSE OR BROKEN HANDLES. * KEEP JAWS SHARP. PROPER USE * USE THE RIGHT WRENCH FOR THE JOB, AND BE SURE IT FITS SNUGLY ON THE NUT. NEVER USE A SHIM TO MAKE A WRONG SIZED WRENCH FIT. * PULL THE WRENCH--DON'T PUSH. MAKE SURE YOUR FOOTING IS SECURE, AND ALLOW PLENTY OF CLEARANCE FOR YOUR FINGERS. USE A SHORT STEADY PULL. * IF YOU CAN'T LOOSEN A NUT WITH THE WRENCH YOU'RE USING, GET A LARGER WRENCH. NEVER ADD AN EXTENSION--OR "CHEATER" --TO THE HANDLE FOR MORE LEVERAGE. * DON'T PULL ON AN ADJUSTABLE WRENCH UNTIL IT HAS BEEN TIGHTENED ON THE NUT. THE JAWS SHOULD BE POINTED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE PULL. PLIERS ~1 """ i PROPER USE . * GRASP PLIER HANDLES AT THE ENDS, NOT NEAR THE HINGE. * DON'T USE PLIERS ON A HARD METAL SURFACE. THIS WILL DULL THE TEETH AND LOOSEN THE PLIER'S GRIP. NEVER USE PLIERS 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 Safety Talks ON NUTS; USE A WRENCH INSTEAD. * WEAR GOGGLES WHEN CLIPPING ENDS OF WIRE. KNIVES PROPER CARE * KEEP KNIFE BLADES SHARP AND WELL HONED. DULL KNIVES ARE LIKELY TO SLIP. PROPER USE * MAKE SURE THAT YOUR HANDS AND THE KNIFE HANDLE ARE DRY AND NOT SLIPPERY. * DON'T USE A KNIFE AS A RAKE, FORK, OR HOOK WITH WHICH TO STAB OR PULL THE PIECE. * NEVER TRY TO CATCH A FALLING KNIFE. AXES PROPER CARE * KEEP AXES SHARP AND WELL HONED. A DULL AXE MAY GLANCE OFF THE WOOD AND CUT YOUR FOOT OR LEG. HANDSAWS PROPER CARE * KEEP SAWS SHARP AND PROPERLY SET. * OIL THEM LIGHTLY AFTER EACH USE. PROPER USE * INSPECT THE MATERIAL YOU'RE GOING TO CUT TO AVOID SAWING INTO NAILS OR OTHER METAL. * WHEN STARTING A CUT, DON'T PUT YOUR THUMB ON THE MATERIAL TO GUIDE THE SAW. INSTEAD, HOLD YOUR THUMB HIGH ON THE SAW BLADE AWAY FROM THE MATERIAL YOU'RE CUTTING. * AVOID TWISTING OR BINDING THE SAW BLADE. IN GENERAL, HAVE A PLACE FOR EVERY TOOL, AND KEEP IT THERE WHEN YOU'RE NOT USING IT. DON'T EVER LEAVE TOOLS LYING ON THE FLOOR OR 642 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 D0 A 123672 CONFIDENTIAL Hand Tools GROUND. MANY INJURIES ARE CAUSED BY WORKERS TRIPPING OVER. STEPPING ON, OR FALLING ON TOOLS THAT HAVE BEEN LEFT LYING AROUND. KEEP TOOLS CLEAN AND IN GOOD CONDITION. DON'T PUT SHARP TOOLS IN YOUR POCKETS. DON'T PUT TOOLS WHERE THEY CAN FALL, PARTICULARLY IF THEY ARE BEING USED ABOVE HEAD LEVEL. MOST IMPORTANT, DON'T EVER USE A TOOL IF YOU'RE NOT ABSOLUTELY SURE YOU KNOW HOW TO USE IT SAFELY. GET SOME ADVICE FROM SOMEONE WHO KNOWS. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 643 SUSS Tool box safely PRIDE OF OWNERSHIP DICTATES A GOOD TOOL BOX AS THE PROPER STORAGE PLACE FOR THE PROFESSIONAL TRADESMAN'S VALUABLE HAND TOOLS. AND. ACCORDING TO THE HAND TOOLS INSTITUTE (HTI), THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY HAND TOOLS, SAFETY IS IMPORTANT, EVEN WITH TOOL BOXES. FIRST OF ALL, A TOOL BOX IS MEANT TO HOLD TOOLS, NOT TO BE STOOD UPON OR USED AS XN ANVIL OR SAWHORSE. STRONG, HEAVY-DUTY TOOL BOXES ARE MADE OUT OF STEEL AND CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES: HAND BOXES, CHESTS, AND CABINETS. CABINETS, WHICH USUALLY ARE OWNED ONLY BY PROFESSIONALS, ARE MOUNTED ON CASTERS, WHILE THE SMALLER TOOL BOXES ARE DESIGNED TO BE HAND-CARRIED. THE PORTABLE TYPE OF TOOL BOX MAY HAVE UP TO FIVE DRAWERS, A LIFTOUT TRAY, AND POSSIBLY A CANTILEVERED TRAY THAT AUTOMATICALLY OPENS OUT WHEN THE COVER IS LIFTED. ALL SEAMS SHOULD BE WELDED AND SMOOTH, WITHOUT PROTRUDING EDGES TO CATCH CLOTHING OR HANDS. IN ADDITION TO THE HANDLE ON TOP OF THE TOOL BOX COVER, LOOK FOR HANDLES AT EACH END FOR THOSE BOXES DESIGNED TO HOLD AN EXTRAHEAVY LOAD OF TOOLS. A GOOD TOOL BOX WILL HAVE A CATCH OR CLASP AT EACH END AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO BE LOCKED WITH EITHER A PADLOCK OR ITS OWN BUILT-IN LOCK. TOOL CHESTS ARE USUALLY HEAVIER AND STRONGER AND HAVE A MUCH GREATER CAPACITY THAN TOOL BOXES. THE DRAWERS--AS MANY AS TEN OR MORE ON THE BETTER MODELS--CAN BE SECURED WITH THEIR OWN BUILT- 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 645 DO A 123674 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks IN LOCKS. SOME HAVE A TOTE TRAY THAT CAN BE REMOVED FOR CARRYING ONLY THOSE TOOLS NEEDED FOR A PARTICULAR JOB. AS WITH ANY TOOL, THERE ARE DO'S AND DON'TS AS WELL AS HELPFUL HINTS REGARDING THE SAFE AND EFFICIENT USE OF TOOL BOXES AND CHESTS: * LIGHTLY OIL ALL MOVING PARTS SUCH AS DRAWERS, TRAYS, AND HINGES AT REGULAR INTERVALS. * USE GRAPHITE, NOT OIL, ON LOCKS AND PADLOCKS. * TOUCH UP ALL RUSTED SPOTS, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TOOL BOX. * LINE THE BOTTOM OF DRAWERS OR TRAYS WITH FELT OR SCRAP CARPETING TO PROTECT THE TOOLS. THIS APPLIES ESPECIALLY TO DRAWERS THAT HOLD TOOLS WITH SHARP OR CUTTING EDGES. * CHECK THE HANDLE. IS IT FIRMLY ATTACHED TO THE TOOL BOX? * SAND OR FILE DOWN ANY SHARP EDGES THAT MAY DAMAGE CLOTHES OR FINGERS. SHARP EDGES OR CORNERS USUALLY ARE CAUSED BY DROPPING THE TOOL BOX TO THE FLOOR INSTEAD OF PLACING IT. * WIPE AWAY ALL GREASE AND MOISTURE FROM TOOLS BEFORE STORING THEM IN THE TOOL BOX OR CHEST. FINALLY, SO YOUR TOOL BOX DOESN'T BECOME A PANDORA'S BOX, ALWAYS REPLACE YOUR TOOLS IN THE SAME TRAY OR DRAWER FROM WHICH THEY WERE RE MOVED. THIS SYSTEM WILL SAVE TIME WHEN YOU ARE LOOKING FOR A PAR* TICULAR TOOL. 646 1981, Business Research Publications, lnc,, 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 00 A 1P3675 CONFIDENTIAL Who's carrying the tool box EVERY QUALIFIED WORKER KNOWS THAT IT TAKES THE RIGHT TOOL TO DO THE JOB CORRECTLY. HE KNOWS THAT A MAKESHIFT TOOL WILL USUALLY PRODUCE A MAKESHIFT OR BOTCHED JOB. A WORKER WITH PRIDE IN HIS JOB TAKES PRIDE IN HIS TOOL BOX AND MAKES AN EFFORT TO SEE THAT IT IS SUPPLIED WITH THE PROPER SIZE AND TYPE TOOLS TO DO THE WORK THAT IS EXPECTED OF HIM. THIS SAME THING CAN BE APPLIED TO APPROACHING A TASK. A QUALIFIED WORKER KNOWS THE PROPER WAY TO DO THE ROUTINE TASKS THAT ARE EXPECTED OF HIM. HE KNOWS WHEN TASKS ARE NOT ROUTINE AND WILL ANTICIPATE SPECIAL NEEDS OR SPECIAL AIDS. IF HE DOES NOT GIVE AD VANCE CONSIDERATION TO THESE, THEN THE MAKESHIFT METHODS THAT HE IMPROVISES MAY RESULT NOT ONLY IN A BOTCHED JOB BUT ALSO IN AN INJURY TO HIMSELF OR A FELLOW WORKER. WHO IS CARRYING THE TOOL BOX, AND WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WORKMANSHIP? HAVE YOU MADE SURE THAT YOU NOT ONLY HAVE THE RIGHT TOOLS BUT ALSO KNOW THE RIGHT WAY TO GO ABOUT THE JOB? 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 647 DO A ^ONFTOFNTlIi Wrench safety THERE ARE A LOT OF WAYS YOU CAN SKIN YOUR KNUCKLES, BUT USING THE WRONG WRENCH FOR THE JOB RANKS AS ONE OF THE MOST PAINFUL MEANS. THERE AREN'T ANY STATISTICS AVAILABLE TO TELL HOW MANY PEOPLE A YEAR ARE INJURED WHEN WRENCHES SLIP AND SEND HANDS SMASH ING INTO A PIPE OR MACHINE. BUT IF IT HAS EVER HAPPENED TO YOU, OR IF YOU'VE EVER KNOWN SOMEONE IT HAS HAPPENED TO, YOU'VE GOT TO BELIEVE IT'S PAINFUL. THERE ARE SEVERAL IMPORTANT SAFETY RULES TO FOLLOW WHEN YOU USE A WRENCH. NEEDLESS TO SAY, THE SELECTION OF THE RIGHT WRENCH FOR THE JOB IS ONE OF THEM. IN CHOOSING THE RIGHT WRENCH, CONSIDER THE TYPE OF JOB THAT HAS TO BE DONE. THE LOCATION AND NUMBER OF NUTS AND BOLTS WILL DETER MINE THE TYPE OF WRENCH TO USE FOR THE MOST EFFICIENT JOB. THE SIZE OF THE NUT OR SCREWHEAD WILL DETERMINE THE SIZE OF THE WRENCH. BUT DON'T USE A WRENCH THAT'S TOO BIG. WHETHER YOU'RE USING AN ADJUSTABLE WRENCH OR A FIXED-JAW WRENCH, THERE ARE GENERAL SAFETY POINTS THAT SHOULD BE FOLLOWED. FIRST, DON'T USE A WRENCH AS A HAMMER. IF THERE IS ANY ONE OF US WHO HASN'T AT LEAST HAD THE URGE TO USE THE NEAREST WRENCH AS A HAMMER, THEN HE ISN'T HUMAN. BUT HAMMERING WITH A WRENCH IS DAN GEROUS TO THE WORKER AND MAY SET UP A HAZARDOUS CONDITION FOR SOMEONE ELSE LATER ON IF THERE IS UNDETECTED DAMAGE TO THE TOOL. NEVER USE A DAMAGED WRENCH. USE ONLY WRENCHES THAT ARE IN TOP CONDITION, AND IF THEY BECOME WORN OR DEFECTIVE, TAKE THEM OUT OF SERVICE IMMEDIATELY. YOU CAN HELP KEEP A WRENCH IN GOOD CONDITION BY KEEPING IT IN ITS 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., '817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 649 DO A 123677 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks PROPER PLACE ON A RACK OR IN A TOOL BOX WHEN IT IS NOT BEING USED. THIS WILL KEEP IT FROM BECOMING DAMAGED BY OTHER TOOLS AND FROM BECOMING A TRIPPING HAZARD ON THE FLOOR. WHEN A WRENCH IS TO BE STORED FOR A CONSIDERABLE LENGTH OF TIME, IT SHOULD BE KEPT IN A DRY PLACE AND COATED WITH RUST-PREVENTIVE COMPOUND. THEN, UPON REMOVAL FROM STORAGE, CLEAN IT WITH A SOLVENT. ONCE YOU HAVE CHOSEN THE RIGHT WRENCH FOR THE JOB, GET A GOOD SOLID FOOTING BEFORE APPLYING THE TOOL. THIS WILL HELP YOU KEEP YOUR BALANCE SHOULD THE WRENCH SLIP OR A BOLT THREAD BREAK. MAKE SURE THE WRENCH SEATS SQUARELY AND FITS SNUGLY AROUND THE NUT OR BOLT. THIS PRECAUTION IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO PULL HARD ON THE WRENCH. EXPERIENCED WORKERS SOON DEVELOP A FEEL FOR A WRENCH. THEY KNOW WHEN A BOLT OR NUT IS TIGHT ENOUGH AND CAN AVOID SNAPPING IT OFF OR STRIPPING THREADS. TRAIN YOURSELF TO DEVELOP THIS SKILL, AND YOU CAN AVOID SOME STICKY PROBLEMS. ADJUSTABLE WRENCHES ARE NOT MADE FOR HARD SERVICE, SO SET THE ADJUSTING KNURL SO THE WRENCH FITS THE NUT SNUGLY. FAILURE TO DO THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY AND CAN ALSO SHORTEN THE LIFE OF THE WRENCH. WHEN USING AN ADJUSTABLE WRENCH, GRIP THE NUT OR BOLT SO THAT THE PULLING FORCE IS APPLIED TO THE STATIONARY JAW SECTION. NOTE THAT PULLING THE WRENCH IS RECOMMENDED RATHER THAN PUSHING IT. SET A PIPE WRENCH SO THE TEETH WILL GRIP THE ROUND OBJECT WITH THE CENTER OF THE JAWS. -, . _ . 7 ' Vi / : 'I \> - STATISTICS SHOW WHY WE SHOULD BE CONCERNED ABOUT SAFE USE OF WRENCHES. HAND TOOLS SUCH AS WRENCHES ARE THE SOURCE OF ABOUT 650 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 123678 CONFIDENT I At.. Hand Tools 8 PERCENT OF ALL COMPENSABLE INJURIES. THE FACT THAT THESE INJUR IES INCLUDE SUCH THINGS AS LOSS OF EYES, BROKEN BONES, AND PUNC TURE WOUNDS SHOULD SUPPORT THE SAFETY POINTS WE'VE BEEN ATTEMPT ING TO MAKE. REMEMBER, USE THE RIGHT WRENCH FOR THE JOB, AND NEVER USE A TOOL THAT IS DEFECTIVE. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 651 DO A 123679 CONFIDENTIAL Cold chisel work EVEN THOUGH MANY PEOPLE KNOW HOW TO USE A CHISEL OR CAN FIGURE OUT HOW TO USE ONE, I'LL BET FEW OF YOU KNOW HOW TO USE ONE SAFELY. I'M GOING TO STRESS SOME SAFETY POINTS FOR YOU TO REMEMBER WHEN YOU WORK WITH A CHISEL WHETHER AT HOME OR ON THE JOB. CHIPS FROM MUSHROOMED HEADS GIVE A LOT OF BUSINESS TO DOCTORS AND, NOW AND THEN, TO MANUFACTURERS OF GLASS EYES. CHIPS FROM OVERTEMPERED CHISELS OR FROM THE MATERIAL BEING CHISELED SOME TIMES DO THE SAME. TO AVOID SMASHED FINGERS AND SKINNED OR EVEN BROKEN KNUCKLES, HOLD THE CHISEL CORRECTLY. IF THE CHISEL IS TOO SHORT, THE HAZARD IS INCREASED. IT SHOULD BE LONG ENOUGH TO ALLOW A FULL FOUR-FINGER GRIP WITH CLEARANCE OF AT LEAST TWO INCHES FROM THE HEAD OF THE CHISEL AND SIMILAR CLEARANCE FROM THE WORK. DON'T USE A CHISEL IF THE HEAD IS MUSHROOMED OR THE CUTTING EDGE IS NICKED. MAKE SURE THE HAMMER HANDLE IS NOT SPLIT AND THE HEAD IS FIRMLY ATTACHED. CHECK THE CONDITION OF THE HAMMER FACE, AND TRY THE HAMMER FOR BALANCE. EYE PROTECTION IS A MUST ON CHISEL JOBS. MOST SAFETY EXPERTS PREFER GOGGLES TO FACE SHIELDS, BUT MANY WORKERS WHO OBJECT TO GOGGLES ARE WILLING TO WEAR FACE SHIELDS. ONE THING FOR CERTAIN, A FACE SHIELD THAT IS FAITHFULLY WORN IS A LOT SAFER THAN GOGGLES THAT ARE NOW ON, NOW OFF. SOME SAY YOU SHOULD HOLD A CHISEL IN THE HOLLOW OF YOUR HAND WITH THE PALM UP, THE FIRST AND SECOND FINGERS BACK OF IT, AND THUMB AND THIRD FINGER IN FRONT OF IT. OTHERS PREFER A FULL FOUR-FINGER 1981,-Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 653 00 A 123680 confidential. Safety Talks GRIP. WHATEVER GRIP YOU USE, KEEP THE CHISEL STEADY SO THAT THE PROPERLY HANDLED (GROOVED) HAMMER WILL ALWAYS MEET IT SQUARELY. WHEN USING A CHISEL, MAKE SURE YOUR WEIGHT IS BALANCED. PLANT YOUR FEET SOLIDLY AND COMFORTABLY. YOU WILL NEED PLENTY OF ROOM FOR YOUR HAMMER SWING AND HAND AND FINGER ROOM TO HOLD THE CHISEL STEADY. ALSO, YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO SEE THE WORK. THERE ISN'T MUCH TO DRIVING A CUT-OFF BOLT OUT. THE DRIFT PIN SHOULD BE JUST A TRIFLE SMALLER THAN THE BOLT. IF IT'S MUCH SMALLER AND THE BOLT IS WELL RUSTED IN, IT MAY JUST WEDGE THE BOLT IN TIGHTER. IF IT DRIVES TOO HARD, IT'S USUALLY BETTER TO DRILL IT OUT ANYWAY, THAT IS, IF YOU HAVE THE USE OF AN ELECTRIC DRILL. A LOT OF SAFE PRACTICE AND KNOW-HOW IS NEEDED FOR THAT TOOL, TOO. ONE LAST POINT, BEFORE YOU START TO WORK ON A BOLT, FIGURE OUT WHICH WAY ANY CHIPS OR THE CUT-OFF END MAY FLY, AND BE SURE THEY CAN'T HIT SOMEONE. 654 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 617 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 00 A 123681 CONFIDENTIAL Use hammers safely PROBABLY THE FIRST TOOL MOST OF US LEARNED TO USE WAS A HAMMER. BUT THIS FACT APPARENTLY HASN'T CONTRIBUTED MUCH TOWARD MAKING US EXPERTS AT USING A HAMMER SAFELY. A LOT OF JOKES ARE MADE ABOUT HITTING YOUR THUMB WITH A HAMMER. IN CARTOONS, THE THUMB USUALLY SWELLS TO THE SIZE OF A BALLOON. THIS IS STILL ONE OF THE MOST COMMON INJURIES RESULTING FROM USING A HAMMER, AND IT'S ALSO PROBABLY THE ONLY ONE SOME PEOPLE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT. ACTUALLY, THERE ARE A LOT OF OTHER WAYS TO GET HURT WITH A HAMMER. NOT SO LONG AGO, A MAN WAS WORKING IN A GARAGE AND WAS STRIKING AN AUTO BODY WITH A HAMMER WHEN A PIECE OF RUST FLEW INTO HIS EYE, SIDELINING HIM FOR THREE WEEKS. A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY EMPLOYEE SUFFERED A FRACTURE WHILE HAM MERING WHEN HE HIT HIS HAND ON AN OBJECT ADJACENT TO THE NAIL HE WAS DRIVING. A FACTORY EMPLOYEE ACCIDENTALLY STRUCK THE HANDLE OF A NEARBY MACHINE WHILE HE WAS HAMMERING, AND A PIECE OF METAL HIT HIM IN THE EYE. TWO OF THESE INJURIES WOULD HAVE BEEN AVOIDED IF EYE PROTECTION HAD BEEN WORN. IN ALL THREE INCIDENTS, A LITTLE SAFETY AWARENESS WOULD HAVE GONE A LONG WAY TOWARD PREVENTING THE INJURY. ACTUALLY, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SAFETY PRECAUTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN. LIKE ANY OTHER TOOL, A HAMMER SHOULD BE CHECKED BEFORE USE. THE HANDLE SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR CRACKS OR DEFECTS AND TO MAKE SURE IT IS SET TIGHT IN THE HEAD. ALWAYS USE THE RIGHT HAMMER 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 5 DO A 123682 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks FOR THE JOB. USE OF THE WRONG HAMMER WILL DAMAGE MATERIALS OR CAUSE AN INJURY. WEARING EYE PROTECTION IS ANOTHER SAFE PRACTICE. IT SHOULD BE WORN WHEN USING A HAMMER TO STRIKE A CHISEL OR ANY OTHER METAL OBJECT OR ANY TIME THERE IS A CHANCE THAT FLYING CHIPS MAY RESULT. ALWAYS GRASP A HAMMER FIRMLY, CLOSE TO THE END. WHEN YOU HOLD A HAMMER CLOSE TO THE HEAD, IT BECOMES DIFFICULT TO HOLD THE HEAD UPRIGHT. MAKE SURE THE FACE OF THE HAMMER IS PARALLEL TO THE SURFACE TO BE STRUCK. THIS WILL PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE EDGES OF THE HAMMER HEAD AND WILL ALSO LESSEN THE CHANCE OF THE HAMMER'S SLIPPING OFF OR MARRING THE WORK SURFACE. TO STRIKE THE RIGHT BLOW WITH A HAMMER REQUIRES PRACTICE AND GOOD JUDGMENT. BUT GENERALLY, TO STRIKE A LIGHT BLOW, YOU MOVE YOUR ARM BACK ONLY FAR ENOUGH TO PROVIDE THE CORRECT FORCE TO THE BLOW. OF COURSE, TO STRIKE A HEAVY BLOW, BRING YOUR ARM STRAIGHT BACK FROM THE OBJECT, THEN BRING THE HAMMER DOWN WITH A SHARP, QUICK MOTION. THIS MAY ALL SOUND PRETTY ELEMENTARY. WELL, IT IS. IT'S ABOUT AS ELEMENTARY AS THE MECHANICS THAT GO INTO A GOOD GOLF SWING AND MAYBE JUST AS HARD FOR SOME TO MASTER. HOWEVER, CORRECT USE OF A HAMMER IS NOT THE ONLY SAFETY ELEMENT INVOLVED. CARE AND MAINTENANCE ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT. THE FACE OF THE HAMMER SHOULD BE KEPT CLEAN. THE EDGES OF THE HAMMER HEAD SHOULD BE DRESSED REGULARLY TO REMOVE BATTERED EDGES. THEiFACE SHOULDN'T BE GROUND UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY BECAUSE GRINDING MAY DESTROY THE HARDNESS SPECIFICATIONS. 6$6 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 AO A 123683 CONFIDENTIAL Hand Tools THE HEAD OF THE HAMMER SHOULD ALWAYS BE ATTACHED SECURELY TO A PROPER HANDLE. IF A HANDLE IS DEFECTIVE, DISCARD IT AND USE A NEW ONE. MAKE SURE THE STEEL OR HARDWOOD WEDGES THAT SECURE THE HEAD TO THE HANDLE ARE TIGHTLY IN PLACE. IF THE WEDGES WORK LOOSE, DRIVE THEM BACK INTO PLACE OR REPLACE THEM PROMPTLY IF THEY ARE LOST. DON'T USE SCREWS OR NAILS AS WEDGES BECAUSE THEY MAY COME OUT OR SPLIT THE HANDLE. KEEP THE CLAWS OF CLAW HAMMERS SHARP ENOUGH TO GRIP NAIL HEADS FIRMLY. DON'T USE CLAWS OF A HAMMER AS A CHISEL BY POUNDING ON THE HEAD OF THE HAMMER, AND DON'T USE THEM AS A PRY BAR. LIKE ALL HAND TOOLS, HAMMERS SHOULD BE WELL PROTECTED WHEN NOT IN USE. KEEP THEM IN A TOOL BOX OR IN THEIR PROPER PLACE IN A TOOL RACK. A HAMMER LEFT ON THE FLOOR CAN BE DAMAGED OR CAUSE SOME ONE TO TRIP AND FALL. LIKEWISE, A HAMMER LEFT ON A LEDGE OR BENCH MAY FALL OFF AND INJURE SOMEONE OR BECOME DAMAGED. MAYBE YOU NEVER REALIZED THAT THERE WAS SO MUCH TO HAMMER SAFETY. BUT, I'D STILL LIKE TO ADD ONE MORE THING. WHEN YOU'RE USING A HAMMER, REMEMBER TO BE CONCERNED NOT ONLY ABOUT YOUR OWN SAFETY BUT WITH THE SAFETY OF THOSE AROUND YOU, TOO. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 657 DO A 123684 CONFIDENTIAL How to chiselsafety THERE ARE MANY MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CHISELS AND CHISELING THAT RESULT IN MISUSE AND ABUSE THAT CAN LEAD TO POSSIBLE INJURY. BEFORE DOING ANY KIND OF CHISELING, PUT ON SAFETY GOGGLES FOR EYE PROTECTION. ALSO, MAKE SURE THE WORK IS SECURELY BRACED OR CLAMPED. NEXT, YOU SHOULD CHECK THE CONDITION OF THE CHISEL. IT SHOULD HAVE A SHARP, PROPERLY GROUND CUTTING EDGE NOT ONLY TO DO A BETTER JOB BUT TO ACCOMPLISH THE WORK SAFER AND QUICKER, AS WELL. ALSO, CHECK THE HEAD, OR STRIKING SURFACE. IF THE HEAD IS MUSH ROOMED, CHIPPED, OR BADLY BATTERED, THE CHISEL SHOULD NOT BE USED. NEVER USE A COMMON NAIL HAMMER TO STRIKE A COLD CHISEL SINCE THE HAMMER OR CHISEL MAY CHIP, RESULTING IN AN INJURY TO YOUR EYE OR ANOTHER PART OF YOUR BODY. INSTEAD, USE A HAND DRILLING HAMMER--A HAND SLEDGE. INCIDENTALLY, THE FACE OF THE HAMMER SHOULD BE LARGER THAN THE HEAD OF THE CHISEL. FOR EXAMPLE, A HALF-INCH COLD CHISEL REQUIRES AT LEAST A ONE-AND-A-HALF-INCH HAMMER. NEVER STRIKE A CHISEL WITH A HAMMER THAT HAS A LOOSE OR DAMAGED HANDLE. FOR FURTHER SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE, MAKE SURE YOUR HAMMER BLOWS ARE STRUCK SQUARELY ON THE CHISEL HEAD. THE HAMMER FACE AND HANDLE SHOULD BE PARALLEL TO THE CHISEL'S STRIKING SUR FACE. TAKE CARE TO AVOID GLANCING BLOWS AS WELL AS OVER- AND UNDERSTRIKES WITH THE HAMMER. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc-, 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 659 DO A 123685 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks FINALLY, MAKE SURE YOU ARE USING THE PROPER CHISEL FOR THE JOB. COLD CHISELS ARE USED FOR CUTTING AND CHIPPING METAL AND SHOULD NEVER BE USED ON STONE OR CONCRETE. BRICK CHISELS ARE DESIGNED FOR SCORING AND CUTTING BRICK. THEY SHOULD BE STRUCK WITH A HEAVY-HAND DRILLING HAMMER, NOT A BRICK LAYERS HAMMER, WHICH IS USED FOR CUTTING MASONRY. A BRICK CHISEL SHOULD NEVER BE USED ON METAL. WOOD CHISELS THAT HAVE HANDLES OF EITHER WOOD OR PLASTIC SHOULD BE USED WITH SOFT-FACED HAMMERS SUCH AS WOODEN MALLETS, RUBBERFACED HAMMERS, OR PLASTIC-FACED HAMMERS. SOME OF THESE CHISELS HAVE A STEEL BUTTON SET INTO THE END OF THE HANDLE SO THAT THEY CAN BE TAPPED WITH A STEEL HAMMER. FOR ROUGH WORK, HEAVY-DUTY ALL-STEEL WOOD CHISELS SHOULD BE USED ALONG WITH A SOFT-FACED HAMMER, A MALLET, A SMALL SLEDGE, OR A HAND-DRILLING HAMMER. 660 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 1.23686 CONFIDENTIAL. Before nailing into concrete DRIVING NAILS INTO CONCRETE WITHOUT THE PROPER TOOLS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS CAN BE JUST ABOUT AS DANGEROUS AS PLAYING RUSSIAN ROULETTE. IN FACT, YOUR HEAD IS THE MOST VULNERABLE AREA OF ALL WHEN YOU ARE HAMMERING INTO CONCRETE BECAUSE OF THE DANGER OF SHATTERED NAILS OR CHIPPING FROM AN IMPROPER HAMMER. NAILING INTO CONCRETE CAN PRESENT SEVERAL SAFETY PROBLEMS IF YOU FAIL TO USE THE PROPER NAILS, THE CORRECT KIND OF HAMMER, OR ADEQUATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, OR IF YOU FAIL TO USE THE PROPER TECHNIQUE FOR SWINGING THE HAMMER. SAFETY GOGGLES SHOULD ALWAYS BE THE FIRST ORDER OF BUSINESS. A HARD HAT IS ALSO RECOMMENDED TO PROTECT AGAINST POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS NAIL OR CONCRETE CHIPS. NEVER USE A NAIL HAMMER TO DRIVE HARDENED CONCRETE OR MASONRY NAILS. NAIL HAMMERS ARE DESIGNED FOR STRIKING COMMON AND FINISH ING NAILS, WHICH ARE RELATIVELY SOFT. WHEN STRUCK AGAINST HARD METAL OBJECTS, THE FACE OF A NAIL HAMMER MAY DANGEROUSLY CHIP. A HEAVY BALL-PEIN HAMMER WITH A LARGE STRIKING FACE OR A HANDDRILLING HAMMER IS THE PROPER TOOL TO USE WHEN DRIVING HARDENED NAILS INTO CONCRETE. HARDENED STEEL-CUT AND MASONRY NAILS SHOULD ALWAYS BE USED WHEN YOU ARE WORKING WITH CONCRETE. WHEN DRIVING HARDENED NAILS DIRECTLY INTO CONCRETE, RATHER THAN THROUGH WOOD INTO CONCRETE, IT'S A GOOD IDEA TO START A HOLE WITH A SMALL STAR DRILL OR MASONRY BIT. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 1.23687 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks TO AVOID GLANCING BLOWS, STRIKE SQUARELY WITH THE HAMMER FACE PARALLEL TO THE SURFACE BEING NAILED. NEVER STRIKE WITH THE SIDE OR CHEEK OF THE HAMMER. AS FOR THE HAMMER'S CONDITION, NEVER USE A HAMMER WITH A LOOSE OR DAMAGED HANDLE, AND DISCARD IT ALTOGETHER IF ITS STRIKING FACE OR EDGES SHOW CHIPPING OR IF THE FACE IS WORN OR MUSHROOMED. WHEN APPLYING FURRING STRIPS TO A MASONRY WALL, USE AN ADHESIVE THAT REQUIRES ONLY A FEW NAILS TO HOLD THE STRIP UNTIL THE ADHE SIVE SETS. 662 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 cnLr 1?36sa CONFIDE 7-lA( Hammer safely HAVE YOU CHECKED YOUR HAMMERING TECHNIQUE LATELY? IF NOT, YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN THE FOLLOWING RULES FOR A SAFE HAMMERING TECHNIQUE: * A HAMMER BLOW SHOULD ALWAYS BE STRUCK SQUARELY WITH THE HAMMER FACE PARALLEL WITH THE SURFACE BEING STRUCK. AVOID GLANCING BLOWS, ALSO, OVERSTRIKES AND UNDERSTRIKES. * WHEN STRIKING ANOTHER TOOL--COLD CHISEL, PUNCH, WEDGE, AND SO FORTH--THE FACE OF THE HAMMER SHOULD BE PROPOR TIONATELY LARGER THAN THE HEAD OF THE TOOL. FOR EXAMPLE, A HALF-INCH COLD CHISEL REQUIRES AT LEAST A ONE-INCH HAMMER FACE. * ALWAYS USE A HAMMER OF SUITABLE SIZE AND WEIGHT FOR THE JOB. DON'T USE A SLEDGE HAMMER TO DRIVE A TACK OR A TACK HAMMER TO POUND A SPIKE. * NEVER USE ONE HAMMER TO STRIKE ANOTHER HAMMER. * NEVER USE A STRIKING OR STRUCK TOOL WITH A LOOSE OR DAM AGED HANDLE. IF THE HANDLE IS DAMAGED, REPLACE IT WITH A NEW ONE. * DISCARD ANY STRIKING OR STRUCK TOOL IF THE FACE SHOWS EX CESSIVE WEAR, DENTS, CHIPS, MUSHROOMING, OR IMPROPER RE DRESSING. * ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES WHEN USING STRIKING TOOLS EXCEPT FOR SOFT-FACE AND TACK HAMMERS. EYE PROTECTION IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT WHEN DRIVING HARDENED MASONRY NAILS INTO CONCRETE. CHECK YOUR HAMMERS CONSTANTLY TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE IN TOP CON DITION. ALSO, MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE THE RIGHT HAMMER FOR EACH JOB. 1081, Business Research Publications, Inc., 617 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 663 00 A 173689 CONFIDENTIAL Use the comet hammer for safety THE HAMMER, PROBABLY ONE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED TOOLS ON ANY JOB, MAY ALSO BE ONE OF THE MOST ABUSED. ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS MISCONCEPTIONS IS THAT ONE HAMMER CAN DO MANY JOBS. FOR INSTANCE, THE POPULAR NAIL AND CLAW HAMMER IS DESIGNED FOR DRIVING COMMON NAILS AND FINISHING NAILS, WHICH ARE RELATIVELY SOFT. THE CLAW HAMMER SHOULD NEVER BE USED FOR DRIVING HARDENED MASONRY NAILS INTO CONCRETE, AND IT SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR STRIKING COLD CHISELS OR HAMMERING METAL. WHEN USED FOR THE WRONG PURPOSE, THE NAIL HAMMER FACE MAY CHIP AND CAUSE EYE OR BODY INJURY. IN ADDITION TO THE CLAW HAMMER, EVERY WORKER ALSO SHOULD HAVE A LIGHT BALL-PEIN HAMMER AND A HEAVY BALL-PEIN, BLACKSMITH'S, OR HAND-DRILLING HAMMER. THE HEAVIER HAMMERS ARE USED FOR STRIKING COLD CHISELS AND FOR STRAIGHTENING OR SHAPING METAL. THE LIGHTER BALL-PEIN CAN BE USED ON PUNCHES AND IN LIGHT METAL-WORKING OPER ATIONS. OTHER TYPES OF HAMMERS INCLUDE RIVETING HAMMERS, USED BY MACHIN ISTS AND TINNERS FOR DRIVING RIVETS, AND SETTING HAMMERS, USED FOR VARIOUS SHEET-METAL OPERATIONS. THERE ARE ALSO STONE SLEDGES FOR BREAKING STONE; SPALLING HAMMERS FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING STONE AND CONCRETE; HAND-DRILLING OR MASH HAMMERS FOR USE WITH COLD CHISELS, AND BUSH HAMMERS FOR ROUGHING AND CHIPPING CONCRETE. CHIPPING HAMMERS ARE FOR CHIPPING WELDS, RUST, AND PAINT FROM METAL; BRICKLAYER'S HAMMERS ARE FOR SETTING AND CUTTING BRICKS, MASONRY TILE, AND CONCRETE BLOCKS AND FOR CHIPPING MORTAR FROM BRICKS. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 665 DO A 123690 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks FOR STRIKING BLOWS WHERE STEEL HAMMERS WOULD MAR THE TOOL OR THE SURFACE BEING STRUCK, THERE IS THE SOFT-FACED HAMMER. ALSO, THERE ARE MAGNETIC HAMMERS FOR HOLDING AND DRIVING TACKS; BODY AND FENDER HAMMERS FOR BUMPING IN THE REPAIR OF AUTOMOBILE BODIES; BLACKSMITH'S OR ENGINEER'S HAMMERS AND SLEDGES FOR STRIKING WOOD AND METAL. 666 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 120691 OONFTDFNTTAl Driving andpulling nails FOR SAFETY'S SAKE, TAKE PRECAUTIONS WHEN DRIVING AND PULLING NAILS. TOO MANY ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES RESULT FROM THE IMPROPER DRIVING AND PULLING OF NAILS--BRUISED FINGERS, BANGED-UP FINGER NAILS, AND MORE. A BADLY HIT NAIL MAY FLY AND STRIKE SOMEONE--EVEN PUT OUT AN EYE. LOOSE HAMMER HEADS MAY FLY OFF, CAUSING A NASTY WALLOP WHEN YOU'RE LEAST EXPECTING IT. A CRACKED HANDLE CAN SPOIL THE SWING AND CAUSE A GLANCING BLOW OR EVEN A MISS, AND POSSIBLY PUSH A SLIVER DEEP INTO THE PALM OF YOUR HAND, FOR WHICH FIRST AID SHOULD BE SOUGHT. TO DRIVE A NAIL, THE HAMMER MUST BE IN GOOD SHAPE. THE HEAD MUST BE SET AT THE PROPER ANGLE AND BE FIRMLY SECURED. THE HANDLE MUST BE SMOOTH, STRAIGHT-GRAINED, SHAPED TO GIVE A GOOD GRIP, AND BE OF THE RIGHT LENGTH AND WEIGHT TO BE WELL BALANCED. THE SIZE OF THE HAMMER SHOULD BE RIGHT FOR THE SIZE OF THE NAIL. YOU'LL PROBABLY BANG A FINGER IF YOU TRY DRIVING A 3/8-INCH BRAD WITH A FULL-GROWN CLAW HAMMER. THE HAMMER FACE SHOULD NOT BE CHIPPED OR WORN AWAY FROM THE SHAPE THE MANUFACTURER GAVE IT, JUST A TRIFLE OFF FLAT FROM EDGE TO CENTER. WHEN DRIVING A NAIL, THE CENTER OF THE HAMMER FACE SHOULD ALWAYS MEET THE NAIL HEAD. THE DIRECTION OF THE BLOW SHOULD BE EXACTLY IN LINE WITH THE NAIL. IF IT ISN'T, THE NAIL MAY FLY AT THE FIRST BLOW OR BEND AT THE SECOND. YOU HAVE TO LEARN TO "GROOVE" YOUR SWING WHEN HITTING A NAIL. THAT IS, MAKE THE HAMMER HEAD FOLLOW THE SAME PATH EVERY TIME AND HIT THE NAIL ALWAYS DEAD CENTER AND AT THE RIGHT ANGLE. TO FIND THE RIGHT ANGLE, SIMPLY SET A NAIL. HOLD THE CENTER OF THE HAMMER FACE ON THE NAIL HEAD, AND MOVE THE HANDLE UP OR DOWN UNTIL THE 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 667 DO A 123692 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks FACE IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE LENGTH OF THE NAIL. THAT'S THE POSI TION THE HAMMER SHOULD BE IN WHEN THE BLOW LANDS. DEVELOPING THE KNACK OF GROOVING WILL SAVE YOU TIME IN PULLING OUT BENT NAILS. ALSO, YOU WON'T WASTE NAILS; YOU'LL DO BETTER WORK; AND MOST LIKELY, YOU'LL NOT BANG A FINGER. NEVER LEAVE NAILS STICKING OUT UNLESS YOU'RE GOING TO HANG SOME THING ON THEM, AND THEN BE SURE THEY'RE LOCATED SO THAT THEY PRESENT NO HAZARD. DEEP NAIL WOUNDS ARE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. SO PULL OUT PROJECTING NAILS OR BEND THEM OVER FLUSH WITH THE WOOD SO THE POINTS CAN'T HURT ANYONE. WHEN PULLING AND DRIVING NAILS, THE THREE MAIN SAFETY RULES ARE KEEP YOUR TOOLS IN GOOD CONDITION, CHOOSE THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB, AND USE A LITTLE JUDGMENT. 668 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 00 A 123693 CONFIDENTIAL Hardenednails can be dangerous DRIVING HARDENED STEEL-CUT AND MASONRY NAILS INTO CONCRETE CAN BE HAZARDOUS. THESE NAILS SHATTER UNDER THE FORCE OF AN INDIRECT OR GLANCING BLOW. THERE ARE MANY CASES ON RECORD OF EYE AND OTHER BODILY INJURIES CAUSED BY THE FLYING PORTION, THE IMPACT OF WHICH CAN BE LIKENED TO THAT OF A SHRAPNEL FRAGMENT. AND THE DANGER IS NOT RESTRICTED TO THE USER; IT INCLUDES OTHER WORKERS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY. THE FIRST AND FOREMOST RULE IS TO ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES WHEN DRIVING HARDENED NAILS. A HARD HAT IS ALSO STRONGLY RECOMMENDED. FLYING PIECES OF THESE NAILS HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO PENETRATE LAYERS OF HEAVY CLOTHING AND INFLICT CHEST WOUNDS, SO EVEN MORE THAN EYE PROTECTION SHOULD BE WORN. NEVER USE A NAIL HAMMER TO DRIVE CONCRETE OR MASONRY NAILS. NAIL HAMMERS ARE DESIGNED FOR DRIVING ONLY COMMON OR FINISHING NAILS, WHICH ARE RELATIVELY SOFT. A HEAVY BALL-PEIN HAMMER OR A HAND DRILLING HAMMER IS THE PROPER TOOL TO USE WHEN DRIVING HARDENED NAILS. WHEN THE FACE OF A NAIL HAMMER IS STRUCK AGAINST HARD METAL OB JECTS, IT MAY CHIP AND RESULT NOT ONLY IN DAMAGE TO THE HAMMER BUT ALSO IN EYE OR OTHER BODILY INJURY. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 669 OO COA/p Using a star drill STAR DRILLS ARE SAFE ENOUGH IN THEMSELVES, BUT JUST THE SAME, WORKERS GET HURT USING THEM. PART OF THE REASON IS THAT THEY'RE OFTEN USED IN PLACES WHERE IT'S DIFFICULT TO WORK--UP ON LADDERS OR SCAFFOLDS, UNDER CEILINGS, IN CLOSE QUARTERS, AND SO ON. THAT FACT GIVES AN INJURED WORKER AN ALIBI, BUT NOT A VERY GOOD ONE BECAUSE IN EVERY CASE HE COULD HAVE KEPT FROM BEING HURT BY USING HIS HEAD. WHEN YOU USE A STAR DRILL, YOU SHOULD ALWAYS PROTECT YOUR EYES. IF YOU'RE WORKING IN A PLACE WHERE THE LENSES CAN GET DIRTY EASILY OR TEND TO FOG UP, A FACE SHIELD MAY BE BETTER THAN GOGGLES. BUT SOMETHING TO KEEP THE CHIPS AND DUST OUT OF YOUR EYES IS A MUST. ALSO, IN SOME CASES, EAR PROTECTION MAY BE NEEDED. DRILLING UPWARD IS PARTICULARLY BAD. YOU HAVE TO LOOK UP ONCE IN A WHILE AT LEAST, AND THAT SEEMS TO BE JUST THE TIME WHEN A LOT OF LITTLE PIECES OF MORTAR OR BRICK LET ALL HOLDS GO AND DRIVE FOR YOUR EYES. MORTAR CAN REALLY BURN THEM. CONCRETE IS BAD, TOO. AND THE CHIPS CAN FLY HARD WHEN YOU'RE STARTING THE HOLE. THE HEAD OF A STAR DRILL HAS TO TAKE A LOT OF BATTERING. THE HEAD MUSHROOMS RATHER QUICKLY AND HAS TO BE DRESSED OFTEN IF YOU DON'T WANT TO STOP A HARD-HITTING PIECE OF IT WITH YOUR FACE. THE SAFETYMINDED WORKER WATCHES IT AND REDRESSES IT EVERY TIME IT STARTS TO MUSHROOM A LITTLE. THE UNSAFE WORKER WAITS UNTIL PIECES START TO BREAK OFF. FOR FAST, EASY DRILLING, THE CENTER OF THE HAMMER FACE SHOULD MEET THE DRILI/HEAD SQUARELY, WITH THE DIRECTION OF THE STROKE STRAIGHT WITH THE DRILL. THAT MEANS THAT THE HAMMER FACE, WHEN 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 671 CDOONFAXD1E2^T3TA^L5 Safety Talks IT HITS, SHOULD BE EXACTLY AT RIGHT ANGLES WITH THE DRILL--EXACTLY PERPENDICULAR TO IT. THAT'S WHAT IS MEANT BY GROOVING YOUR SWING. IT TAKES A LITTLE PRACTICE, BUT IT'S WORTH IT. MOST WORKERS LEARN TO GROOVE THEIR SWING JUST BY POUNDING AWAY AT THAT OLD DRILL. THEY HIT A LOT OF GLANCING BLOWS THAT WAY, THOUGH, BEFORE THEY GET THE KNACK OF IT. THEY MAY SMASH A FINGER OR TWO OR BANG UP THEIR HANDS WHILE LEARNING. IT TAKES PRACTICE. DECIDE ON THE BEST HOLD ON THE DRILL, THE RIGHT GRIP ON THE HAMMER, AND JUST THE RIGHT SWING. THEN PRACTICE UNTIL YOU HAVE IT. SOME WORKERS MISS THE DRILL HEAD OR HIT IT OFF-CENTER BECAUSE THE DRILL STICKS AND THEY TUG AT IT AND PULL IT OUT OF LINE. THE WAY TO PREVENT THIS IS TO TURN THE DRILL ONLY WHILE THE HAMMER IS ON THE UPSWING. THEN YOU CAN,EITHER HOLD YOUR SWING OR GO ON WITH IT IN THE HOPE THAT THE NEXT BLOW WILL BREAK THE DRILL LOOSE. IT TAKES FAST WORK WITH THE DRILL HAND AND GOOD TIMING, BUT ONCE YOU GET THE KNACK, IT'S EASY. YOU SHOULD NEVER TUG AT THE DRILL WITHOUT CHECKING YOUR SWING. SOME WORKERS LIKE TO HOLD THE DRILL WITH A SPECIAL RATCHET TOOL. IT GIVES LEVERAGE TO BREAK THE DRILL LOOSE WHEN IT STICKS AND KEEPS YOUR HAND OUT OF DANGER. IT'S HARDER TO HOLD THE DRILL STRAIGHT WITH IT THAN IT IS WITH YOUR HAND, THOUGH. SO EXPERIENCED WORKERS DON'T SEEM TO LIKE THIS METHOD. HOWEVER, BEGINNERS SEEM TO LIKE IT, AND ONCE THEY'VE MASTERED IT, THEY MAKE GOOD SPEED. IT CERTAINLY IS HELPFUL IN TIGHT PLACES AND FOR DRILLING UPWARD. FINALLY, JUST AS IN ANY OTHER WORK IN ANY OTHER PLACE, WATCH YOUR FOOTING. IF YOU'RE WORKING OVERHEAD, BE SURE YOUR SCAFFOLD OR WHATEVER YOU'RE WORKING FROM IS^SAFE. DOING A STAR DRILL JOB FROM AN ORDINARY LADDER IS NOT A GOOD IDEA. YOU NEED BETTER FOOTING THAN A LADDER RUNG CAN GIVE. SO FIGURE OUT A SAFER WAY, AND USE IT. 872 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO DONF A 1P3696 IOENTTAL Mansonty cutting WORKING WITH BRICK AND STONE (MASONRY) IS ONE OF THE OLDEST TRADES AND ONE IN WHICH THERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN MANY INJURIES. THEN CAME CONCRETE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY. THESE CHANGES HAVE BROUGHT NEW HAZARDS OF ALL SORTS AND VERY HIGH INJURY RATES. IN SPITE OF ALL THIS CHANGE, THERE'S STILL A LOT OF CUTTING AND CHIPPING TO BE DONE BY HAND-THE GOOD OLD HAMMER-AND-CHISEL WAY. THE METHOD OF DOING IT HASN'T CHANGED MUCH THROUGH THE CENTURIES. WE HAVE STEELS THAT TAKE THE PUNISH MENT BETTER, THAT'S ABOUT ALL. OF COURSE, WHEN MASONRY IS TO BE BROKEN UP, AIR HAMMERS ARE USED, BUT THEY'RE NOT PRACTICAL FOR CHIPPING OR FOR MOST SMALL CUTTING JOBS. THIS IS ANOTHER KIND OF WORK THAT DOESN'T LOOK HAZARDOUS. IT REALLY ISN'T EITHER, BUT MEN GET HURT AT IT. THAT IS, THEY DO UNLESS THEY FOLLOW SAFE PRACTICES ALL THE TIME. MOST FELLOWS WOULD PROBABLY SAY THAT ANY FOOL OUGHT TO BE ABLE TO CHIP MASONRY WITHOUT GETTING HURT. SURE, THAT'S RIGHT. BUT WORKERS DO GET HURT JUST THE SAME--NOT JUST FOOLS, BUT ALL KIND OF WORKERS-BECAUSE THEY DON'T USE GOOD SAFETY PRACTICES ALL THE TIME. PART OF THE TROUBLE IS USUALLY IN THE PLACE WHERE THE JOB HAS TO BE DONE. MOSTLY, IT'S OUTDOORS. IF IT'S ICY OR COLD, YOUR FINGERS MAY STIFFEN UP SO THAT IT'S HARD TO GRIP THE HAMMER RIGHT. OR YOU MAY HAVE TO WORK IN CLOSE QUARTERS OR UP ON THE FACE OF A BUILDING. SO IT'S EASY TO SEE WHY THE ACCIDENT REPORTS SHOW A GOOD MANY FALLS AND TUMBLES AND BANGED HEAD, SHINS, KNEES, ELBOWS, AND HANDS, IT'S NOT EASY TO HIT THE HEAD OF A CHISEL CLEANLY AND HARD WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE PLENTY OF ROOM OR ARE IN AN AWKWARD POSITION. HAVING THE HAMMER GLANCE OFF SOMETHING ON THE DOWNSTROKE IS A & 1901, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 673 DO A 123697 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks GOOD WAY TO GET A TRIP TO FIRST AID AND MAYBE TO THE HOSPITAL TO HAVE YOUR HAND PATCHED UP. IT'S HIS ATTITUDE TOWARD SUCH SITUATIONS AS THESE THAT SHOWS UP THE UNSAFE WORKER. HE GOES AHEAD WITHOUT PAYING ANY ATTENTION TO THE HAZARDS, AND SOONER OR LATER, HE GETS HURT. THE SAFETYMINDED WORKER LOOKS THINGS OVER, MAKES THE SETUP AS SAFE AS HE CAN, AND FIGURES OUT JUST HOW HE SHOULD HANDLE HIMSELF ALL THE WAY THROUGH. HE DOESN'T GET HURT; HE MAKES A GOOD JOB OF IT; AND HE USUALLY FINISHES BEFORE THE OTHER KIND OF WORKER WOULD. ALL SUCH WORK CALLS FOR EYE PROTECTION BECAUSE THERE ARE ALWAYS FLYING CHIPS AND SMALL PARTICLES. THEY SELDOM HIT VERY HARD, THOUGH, SO A FACE SHIELD IS OKAY IF YOU PREFER ONE. BUT BE SURE YOU USE IT. SAFETY SHOES MAKE GOOD SENSE ON ALL SUCH WORK, SO DO HARD HATS, USUALLY. OF COURSE, YOU NEED A GOOD, TOUGH GLOVE ON THE HOLDING HAND. CHECK YOUR TOOLS CAREFULLY. HAVE A HAMMER THAT'S THE RIGHT WEIGHT. BE SURE ITS HEAD IS ON TIGHT AND THE HANDLE IS SOUND. USE A CHISEL THAT'S LONG ENOUGH TO GIVE YOU PLENTY OF HAND ROOM. BE SURE THE HEAD ISN'T MUSHROOMED. LOOK OUT FOR THE OTHER FELLOW, TOO. YOU DON'T WANT A CHUNK OF CONCRETE OR A PIECE OF STEEL FROM YOUR JOB TO LAND IN HIS EYE, EITHER. 674 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 1.23698 CONFIDENTIAL Knife safety STATISTICS INDICATE THAT KNIVES ARE MORE FREQUENTLY THE SOURCE OF DISABLING INJURIES THAN ANY OTHER HAND TOOL. PEOPLE IN ALL OCCU PATIONS ARE INJURED BY KNIVES--THE HIGH SCHOOL BOY WORKING IN THE SUPERMARKET PRODUCE DEPARTMENT; THE RETAIL STORE EMPLOYEE WHO ATTEMPTS TO OPEN A BOX; THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WORKER. ACTUALLY, ALL OF US ARE FREQUENTLY EXPOSED TO KNIFE INJURIES FOR NO OTHER REASON THAN THE FACT THAT A KNIFE IS A VERY HANDY AND MUCH-USED TOOL. BY THE TIME WE WERE OLD ENOUGH TO WORK, MOST OF US HAD ALREADY LEARNED THE BASIC DANGERS ASSOCIATED WITH KNIVES, BUT WE DIDN'T ALWAYS LEARN THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AS QUICKLY. HIKING, CAMPING, OR JUST PLAIN WHITTLING USUALLY BRING ON ENOUGH ACCIDENTAL CUTS TO ACQUAINT A YOUNG PERSON WITH SOME OF THE REALITIES OF USING A KNIFE. THE PRINCIPAL HAZARD IN USING A KNIFE IN INDUSTRY, SAFETY EXPERTS HAVE CONCLUDED, IS THAT THE USER'S HAND MAY SLIP FROM THE HANDLE ONTO THE BLADE, CAUSING A PAINFUL AND POSSIBLY SERIOUS INJURY. A HANDLE GUARD WILL ELIMINATE THIS HAZARD. ANOTHER CAUSE FOR INJURY IS THE KNIFE'S STRIKING THE FREE HAND OR THE BODY. WHEN USING A KNIFE, THE CUTTING STROKE SHOULD ALWAYS BE AWAY FROM THE BODY WHEN POSSIBLE. OTHERWISE, ADEQUATE PROTECTION SHOULD BE WORN TO PROTECT THE BODY, AND PROVISIONS SHOULD BE MADE TO HOLD MATERIAL STEADY. MAIL GLOVES ARE AVAILABLE FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES SUCH AS MEAT PACKING WHERE MATERIAL MUST BE HELD IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE KNIFE. IF IT'S NECESSARY TO CARRY A KNIFE ON THE JOB, IT SHOULD BE IN A 1961, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 675 DO A 123699 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks SHEATH OR HOLDER. SAFETY EXPERTS RECOMMEND THAT THE SHEATH BE WORN OVER THE RIGHT OR LEFT HIP AND TOWARD THE BACK. A KNIFE CARRIED IN FRONT OR OVER THE LEG COULD CAUSE A SERIOUS INJURY IN A FALL. STORAGE OF KNIVES IS AN IMPORTANT SAFETY FACTOR, TOO. EXPOSED CUTTING EDGES SHOULD BE COVERED, AND KNIVES SHOULD BE KEPT IN THEIR PROPER PLACE AND NOT LEFT ON BENCHES OR ON THE FLOOR. FIRST AID IS VERY IMPORTANT IF YOU ARE CUT BY A KNIFE. EVEN THE SMALLEST CUT SHOULD BE TREATED TO HELP AVOID INFECTION. INJURY RECORDS ARE FULL OF CASES IN WHICH SOMEONE NEGLECTED A SMALL IN JURY AND BLOOD POISONING DEVELOPED, CAUSING SEVERAL WEEKS OF LOST TIME FROM THE JOB. ONE OF THE MORE PUBLICIZED CASES OCCURRED MANY YEARS AGO WHEN THE SON OF CALVIN COOLIDGE DIED FROM A BLISTER THAT WAS NEGLECTED. CERTAINLY, ANY SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS FROM A CUT ARE EVEN MORE TRAGIC THESE DAYS WHEN THERE ARE SO MANY FIRST AID TREATMENTS AVAILABLE. IT'S OFTEN SAID THAT THERE'S NOTHING MORE PAINFUL THAN GETTING CUT WITH A DULL KNIFE. THAT MAY BE A SLIGHT EXAGGERATION, BUT IT BRINGS UP A .GOOD POINT--KEEP KNIVES SHARP AND IN GOOD CONDITION. A DULL KNIFE CAN CAUSE YOU TO PUT TOO MUCH PRESSURE ON THE OBJECT YOU'RE TRYING TO CUT, AND THE BLADE COULD SLIP AND SLICE YOU OR SOMEONE NEARBY. NEVER'USE A KNIFE THAT IS DEFECTIVE--FOR INSTANCE, ONE THAT HAS A BROKEN HANDLE OR BLADE. OF COURSE, A SURE WAY TO BREAK A KNIFE IS TO THROW IT OR USE IT AS A SCREWDRIVER. ONLY USE YOUR KNIFE FOR WHAT IT WAS MADE TO DO. IF YOU'RE USING THE RIGHT KNIFE FOR THE JOB, IT SHOULD CUT WITHOUT DIFFICULTY. WHEtf YOU HAVE TO RESORT TO SHEAR FORCE TO MAKE A 676 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 617 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 123700 CONFIDENTIAL Hand Tools KNIFE CUT, YOU'RE HEADED FOR TROUBLE THAT COULD RESULT IN AN IN JURY OR DAMAGE TO THE KNIFE OR TO THE MATERIAL YOU'RE ATTEMPTING TO CUT. A FAMOUS STATESMAN ONCE SAID: "OUR PATIENCE WILL ACHIEVE MORE THAN OUR FORCE." AND THAT'S A GOOD POINT TO REMEMBER WHEN USING A KNIFE. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 677 00 A 123701 confidential Hand knife safety KEEP KNIVES SHARPENED AND IN GOOD CONDITION. NEVER USE A KNIFE THAT IS DULL. BROKEN, OR OTHERWISE DEFECTIVE. USE A KNIFE ONLY FOR CUTTING. THERE ARE SAFER AND BETTER-DESIGNED HAND TOOLS FOR OTHER JOBS. KNIVES WITH EXPOSED BLADES SHOULD BE CARRIED IN A SHEATH OR HOLDER. THE SHEATH SHOULD BE WORN OVER THE HIP AND TOWARD THE BACK. A KNIFE CARRIED IN FRONT OR OVER THE LEG COULD CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY IN A FALL. KNIVES SHOULD BE STORED IN SAFE PLACES AND THE CUTTING EDGES COVERED. NEVER LEAVE A KNIFE ON THE FLOOR OR ON A BENCH. DON'T POINT WITH A KNIFE OF ATTEMPT TO HOLD A KNIFE IN THE SAME HAND AS AN OBJECT YOU WISH TO PASS TO SOMEONE. IF YOU DROP A KNIFE, LET IT FALL AND GET YOUR FEET OUT OF THE WAY FAST. DON'T ATTEMPT TO CATCH IT. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE USED WHEN NEEDED. WHEN KNIVES ARE USED IN CERTAIN INDUSTRIES SUCH AS MEAT PACKING, USE PROTEC TIVE DEVICES DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE JOB SUCH AS MESH GLOVES AND WRIST GUARDS. GET FIRST AID FOR CUTS IMMEDIATELY. EVEN THE SMALLEST CUT SHOULD BE TREATED TO PREVENT INFECTION. HANDLE KNIVES WITH RESPECT. STATISTICS INDICATE THAT KNIVES ARE MORE FREQUENTLY THE SOURCE OF DISABLING INJURIES THAN ANY OTHER HAND TOOL. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 679 DO A 123702 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks THE PRINCIPAL HAZARD IN USING A HAND KNIFE IN INDUSTRY, EXPERTS HAVE CONCLUDED, IS THAT THE USER'S HAND MAY SLIP FROM THE HANDLE ONTO THE BLADE. ONLY KNIVES WITH HANDLE GUARDS SHOULD BE USED. ANOTHER FREQUENT TYPE OF INJURY IS THE KNIFE STRIKING THE FREE HAND OR BODY. THE CUTTING STROKE SHOULD ALWAYS BE MADE AWAY FROM THE BODY OR AWAY FROM THE HAND THAT IS HOLDING THE OBJECT TO BE CUT. IF IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE CUTTING STROKE TO BE MADE TOWARD THE BODY, AN ABDOMINAL PROTECTOR AND OTHER PROTECTIVE GEAR SHOULD BE USED. IF YOU ARE USING THE RIGHT KNIFE FOR THE JOB, AND IT'S PROPERLY SHARPENED, IT SHOULD CUT WITHOUT GREAT DIFFICULTY. WHEN YOU HAVE TO RESORT TO SHEER FORCE TO MAKE A CUT, YOU'RE IN TROUBLE. 680 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 Powder-actuated hand took POWDER-ACTUATED HAND TOOLS PROBABLY HAVE AS MUCH SAFETY BUILT INTO THEM AS MOST TOOLS ON THE MARKET. IN ADDITION, MANUFACTURERS USUALLY PROVIDE COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION OF THE TOOLS. THESE TWO FACTORS ALONE SHOULD MAKE THE USE OF POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS A SAFE OPERATION. HOWEVER, THERE ARE OTHER PRECAUTIONS THAT HAVE TO BE TAKEN. TO START WITH, ONLY TRAINED AND AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL WHO ARE CHECKED OUT IN CORRECT USAGE AND SAFETY SHOULD OPERATE POWDERACTUATED TOOLS. ONLY TOOLS, SHIELDS, AND FASTENERS THAT MEET STATE SAFETY STAN DARD REQUIREMENTS FOR HAND AND PORTABLE POWERED TOOLS SHOULD BE USED. THE HAZARDS CONNECTED WITH USING THIS TYPE OF TOOL ARE PROBABLY QUITE APPARENT TO YOU AND INCLUDE SUCH THINGS AS ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE, RICOCHETING STUDS OR CHIPS, EXPLOSIONS FROM USE IN COMBUSTIBLE ATMOSPHERES, FLYING PARTICLES, AND COMPLETE PENETRA TION OF THE WORK MATERIAL BY THE STUD. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS NECESSARY, YOU MUST WEAR APPROVED SAFETY GOGGLES. A FACE SHIELD AND SAFETY HAT ARE ALSO RECOMMENDED. TO PROTECT AGAINST FLYING PARTICLES, POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS SHOULD HAVE INTERLOCKED SHIELDS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO FIT OVER THE PARTICULAR SHAPE TO BE FASTENED. IF A STANDARD SHIELD WON'T WORK, A SPECIAL ONE MAY BE DESIGNED BUT MUST MEET REQUIRED PROTECTION, INCLUDING INTERLOCK. 1881, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 681 DO A 123704 confidential Safety Talks ADDED OPERATOR PRECAUTIONS INCLUDE MAKING SURE THAT THE BORE IS CLEAR BEFORE LOADING AND MAKING CERTAIN THAT THE CARTRIDGE IS FULLY SEATED, THE BREECH CLOSED AND LOCKED, AND THAT ALL SAFETY DEVICES ARE IN WORKING ORDER. BEFORE STARTING WORK, FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH WHAT IS BEHIND THE SURFACE YOU'LL BE WORKING ON SO AS NOT TO DAMAGE ELECTRICAL WIRES OR LINES. STUDS SHOULD NOT BE DRIVEN INTO VERY HARD OR BRITTLE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO CAST IRON, GLAZED TILE, HOLLOW TILE, FACE BRICK, GLASS BLOCK OR SURFACE-HARDENED STEEL. DON'T USE POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS ON MATERIALS THAT ARE EASILY PENETRATED OR ON CONCRETE UNDER TWO INCHES THICK OR ON STEEL LESS THAN ONE-QUARTER INCH, UNLESS SUFFICIENT BACKING SUCH AS SANDBAGS OR TIMBER IS PLACED BEHIND THE WORK. OBVIOUSLY, YOU SHOULD NEVER POINT A POWDER-ACTUATED TOOL AT ANYONE, AND DON'T REST IT AGAINST YOUR BODY. BEFORE FIRING THE TOOL, MAKE SURE OTHERS IN THE AREA ARE CLEAR AND WEARING PROPER EYE PROTECTION. INSERT A CARTRIDGE INTO THE TOOL ONLY WHEN IT IS READY TO BE FIRED. POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS SHOULD BE INSPECTED FOR DEFECTS BEFORE EACH USE. DO NOT USE DEFECTIVE TOOLS, AND REPORT THEM TO YOUR SUPERVISOR. TOOLS SHOULD BE CARRIED VERTICALLY AND EVERY EFFORT MADE NOT TO DROP THEM. NEVER LEAVE A TOOL UNATTENDED. IN CASE OF A MISFIRE, THE TOOL SHOULD BE HELD AGAINST THE WORK SURFACE IN OPERATING POSITION FOR AT LEAST 30 SECONDS, THEN TRY AGAIN. IF A SECOND MISFIRE OCCURS, REPEAT THE 30-SECOND WAIT, THEN 682 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 CnOoNFatOFNTTAl Hand Tools REMOVE THE CARTRIDGE. MISFIRED CARTRIDGES SHOULD BE DISPOSED OF SAFELY TO PREVENT ANY ONE GAINING ACCESS TO THEM. WHEN NOT IN USE, THE TOOLS, STUDS, AND CARTRIDGES SHOULD BE LOCKED IN A SAFE PLACE. LOADED BLANK CARTRIDGES SHOULD BE TRANSPORTED IN A LOCKED CONTAINER. SIZE UP THE JOB TO BE DONE, AND SELECT THE PROPER STUD AND CAR TRIDGE. IN CASE OF DOUBT ABOUT THE SURFACE AND STRENGTH OF MATERIAL, A LIGHT TRIAL SHOT CAN BE TAKEN AFTER ALL REGULAR SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ARE ACCOMPLISHED. DON'T DRIVE A FASTENER INTO MATERIALS SUCH AS MASONRY LESS THAN THREE INCHES FROM AN UNSUPPORTED EDGE OR CORNER, OR INTO STEEL SURFACES LESS THAN ONE-HALF INCH FROM AN UNSUPPORTED EDGE OR CORNER. FOR LOW VELOCITY TOOLS, THE DISTANCES CAN BE LOWERED TO TWO INCHES FOR MASONRY AND ONE-QUARTER INCH FOR STEEL SURFACES. DO NOT DRIVE STUDS THROUGH EXISTING HOLES UNLESS A GUIDE IS USED TO SECURE ALIGNMENT. IN FIVE MINUTES, IT'S DIFFICULT TO COVER ALL ASPECTS OF POWDERACTUATED HAND TOOL SAFETY, BUT WE'VE TOUCHED ON MANY IMPORTANT ONES. SO REMEMBER TO FOLLOW SAFETY RULES AND THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS, AND USE NECESSARY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 683 D0 A 1.23706 CONFIDENTIAL Electric portable tools A REVIEW OF THE USE OF ELECTRICALLY POWERED TOOLS IS IN ORDER BE CAUSE OF THE MANY ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY THEM ON A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. FROM A NATIONAL SAFETY AGENCY FILE, THE FOLLOWING IS A TYPICAL OCCURRENCE: A MECHANIC WAS STANDING ON THE TOP OF A FORM, ABOUT SIX FEET FROM FLOOR LEVEL, PREPARING TO DRILL HOLES WITH AN ELECTRIC DRILL. THE MECHANIC HAD HIS ARM AROUND A METAL POLE FOR SUPPORT. WHEN THE DRILL WAS TURNED ON, THE MAN RECEIVED A SHOCK AND COULD NOT RELEASE HIS GRIP ON THE DRILL. ANOTHER MECHANIC, WORKING NEAR BY, IMMEDIATELY PULLED THE PLUG, CUTTING OFF THE POWER. THE INJURED MECHANIC SUSTAINED BURNS ON THE NECK AND BOTH HANDS. ASSUMING THE MAN WAS STANDING ON A WOOD FORM THAT WAS OFF THE FLOOR OR SURFACE LEVEL, HIS BODY RESISTANCE WAS CONSIDERABLY LESSENED. THE DAMPNESS OF PERSPIRATION PLUS HIS PLACING HIS ARM AROUND THE POLE ALL CONTRIBUTED TO THE ELECTRICAL SHOCK. GROUNDING PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS IS THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY OF SAFEGUARDING AN OPERATOR. IF THERE IS ANY DEFECT OR SHORT INSIDE THE TOOL, THE CURRENT IS DRAINED FROM THE METAL FRAME THROUGH THE GROUND WIRE AND DOES NOT PASS THROUGH THE OPERATOR'S BODY. GROUND FAULT PROTECTION IN TEMPORARY POWER SYSTEMS USED ON CON STRUCTION SITES IS THE MODERN METHOD OF PROTECTING THE OPERATOR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FROM THE SLIGHTEST SHOCK. A PERIODIC CHECK OF PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, USING SPECIALIZED MEASUR ING DEVICES TO DETERMINE ANY POSSIBLE INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, IS SUGGESTED IN LIEU OF GROUND FAULT PROTECTORS. 1981, Business Research Publications, lnc,, 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 68S 00 A 123707 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks INSULATING PLATFORMS, RUBBER MATS, AND RUBBER GLOVES ARE OTHER MEANS TO GUARD AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCK. GENERALLY, ALL TOOLS SHOULD BE INSPECTED BY THEIR OPERATORS FRE QUENTLY FOR THE FOLLOWING OBVIOUS MALFUNCTIONS: * DEFECTIVE OR BROKEN INSULATION OR CORD. * IMPROPER OR POORLY MADE CONNECTIONS TO TERMINALS. * BROKEN OR OTHERWISE DEFECTIVE PLUGS. * LOOSE OR BROKEN SWITCHES. * BRUSHES SPARKING. MAKE SURE THAT OSHA REGULATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT GROUNDING ARE FOLLOWED WHEN WORKING WITH CORD-AND-PLUG-CONNECTED EQUIPMENT THAT REQUIRES GROUNDING, INCLUDING USE OF GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS (GFCI) OR AN EFFECTIVE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTOR PROGRAM FOR ALL CORD SETS, RECEPTACLES (TEMPORARY), AND EQUIP MENT CONNECTED BY CORD AND PLUG. 686 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 123708 CONFTDFNTTAL Power handsaw safety THE ELECTRIC POWER HAND SAW IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON AND MOST USEFUL POWER TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE WORK. THE TOOL IS SO COMMON THAT HAZARDS IN USING IT ARE OFTEN OVERLOOKED. HERE ARE SOME OF THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF POWER HAND SAW INJURIES: * CUT BY SAW BLADE. * ELECTRIC SHOCK OR ELECTRIC BURN. * HIT BY SAW FALLING FROM ABOVE OR WHEN DROPPED WHILE BEING USED OR CARRIED. * FALLS FROM TRIPPING OVER SAW OR EXTENSION CORD. * FLYING PARTICLES IN EYE FROM MATERIAL BEING CUT. * STRUCK BY FLYING PIECE OF BROKEN SAW BLADE. MOST POWER HAND SAW INJURIES ARE "CUT BY BLADE" INJURIES. THESE OCCUR IN MANY WAYS AS THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES SHOW: A CARPENTER WAS CUTTING RAFTER NOTCHES. ONE CUTOUT WEDGE FOL LOWED THE BLADE AROUND AND WEDGED THE GUARD IN THE OPEN POSITION. WHEN HE SET THE SAW DOWN, THE SPINNING BLADE THREW THE SAW BACK ACROSS HIS LEFT FINGERS. A WORKER WAS USING A SAW IN A HIGH OVERHEAD POSITION. THE BLADE STRUCK A KNOTTY AREA AND BOUND IN THE CUT, AND THE KICKBACK CUT HIS FOREARM. A WORKER ON A SLOPING ROOF TRIED TO RIP A "ONE-BY" HELD IN HIS HAND. AS HE CHANGED HIS FOOTING TO STEADY HIMSELF, THE SAW CUT OFF THE ENDS OF THE,FINGERS OF HIS LEFT HAND, WHICH HAD BEEN UNDER THE BOARD. A CARPENTER USING AN UNGROUNDED SAW WITH DEFECTIVE WIRES FROZE TO 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 687 A 1^3709 ^ONFrDFNTrAL Safety Talks THE SAW WHEN A WIRE SHORTED TO THE FRAME. HE COULD NO LONGER CON TROL THE SAW, WHICH SLOWLY LOWERED AND CUT HIM SEVERLY IN THE THIGH. TO PREVENT POWER HAND SAW INJURIES, MAKE SURE YOU ARE WORKING IN SAFE CONDITIONS, THAT YOU FOLLOW SAFE WORK PRACTICES, AND THAT YOU KEEP SAWS AND EQUIPMENT IN SAFE WORKING ORDER. POWER HAND SAWS MUST HAVE A THREE-CONDUCTOR CORD. THE GREEN WIRE (OR CONTINUOUS GREEN COLOR WITH ONE OR MORE YELLOW STRIPES) IS THE GROUND WIRE. THE GROUND MUST BE A WATER PIPE OR A METAL ROD DRIVEN AT LEAST EIGHT FEET INTO THE EARTH. EXTENSION CORDS MUST BE RUBBER-COVERED THREE-CONDUCTOR TYPE "S" OR SOMETHING EQUALLY GOOD FOR EXTRA HARD USAGE. CORDS THAT ARE SEVERAL HUNDRED FEET LONG SHOULD BE LARGE ENOUGH TO AVOID EXCES SIVE VOLTAGE DROP. IF THE WORK AREA IS WET, KEEP EXTENSION CORDS OUT OF ANY WATER TO PREVENT SHORTING OUT. DON'T LET EXTENSION CORDS BECOME KINKED, AND DON'T PLACE THEM WHERE HEAVY EQUIPMENT CAN RUN OVER THEM. KEEP YOUR HEAD AWAY FROM THE PATH OF PARTICLES THROWN OUT BY THE BLADE. IT IS SOMETIMES ADVISABLE TO WEAR GOGGLES OR OTHER EYE PROTECTION. USE POWER HAND SAWS ONLY FOR OPERATIONS TO WHICH THEY ARE SUITED. WORK SUCH AS RAFTER NOTCHING SHOULD BE DONE WITH A RADIAL ARM SAW OR OTHER EQUIPMENT. CHECK THAT THE GUARD IS IN GOOD WORKING ORDER. DISCONNECT POWER BEFORE CLEANING THE SAW, CHANGING BLADES, OR MAKING ADJUSTMENTS FOR DEPTH OR BEVEL. 686 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 123710 CONFIDENTIAL Hand Tools BLOW THE SAWDUST AWAY FROM THE SAW FROM TIME TO TIME, ESPECIALLY IN THE GUARD AREA. WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO RAISE THE GUARD FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF CUTS, USE THE GUARD LEVER. PLACE MATERIAL TO BE CUT ON A FIRM REST SUCH AS A HORSE. DO NOT PUT IT ON YOUR HAND OR ARM OR ACROSS YOUR KNEE OR FOOT. THE GUARD SERVES A VALUABLE PURPOSE. DON'T WEDGE IT OR OTHERWISE PREVENT IT FROM WORKING. WAIT UNTIL THE SAW BLADE STOPS BEFORE LIFTING THE SAW FROM THE CUT. BEFORE SETTING THE SAW DOWN, MAKE SURE THE GUARD IS CLOSED BECAUSE THE BLADE MAY STILL BE TURNING. DON'T CARRY A SAW WITH YOUR FINGER ON THE SWITCH TRIGGER. USE THE RIGHT BLADE FOR THE TYPE OF CUT TO BE MADE. USE SHARP, WELL-SET BLADES. DON'T PULL THE SAW BACKWARD IN THE CUT WHILE THE BLADE IS RUNNING, IF YOU CAN AVOID IT. USE THE HANDLE TO RAISE OR LOWER THE SAW; DON'T USE THE CORD. DON'T USE A POWER HAND SAW FOR CUTS IF YOU CANNOT KEEP A FIRM AND SECURE GRIP ON THE SAW. THE PLAIN HAND SAW IS STILL THE BEST FOR SOME TYPES OF CUTS. NOTIFY THE FOREMAN AT ONCE IF ANY SAW IS DEFECTIVE OR NEEDS REPAIR. ALL SAWS AND CORDS SHOULD BE EXAMINED AT REGULAR INTERVALS, AND DEFECTIVE PARTS REPAIRED OR REPLACED IMMEDIATELY. DURING THESE REGULAR CHECKS, CLEAN THE SAW THOROUGHLY, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE GUARD ASSEMBLIES. REPAIR WORK SHOULD BE DONE ONLY BY A QUALIFIED REPAIRMAN, AND A RECORD OF REPAIR AND INSPEC TION SHOULD BE KEPT. HAVE ENOUGH SAW BLADES ON HAND SO THAT SHARP BLADES OF THE TYPE 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 120711 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks NEEDED ARE AVAILABLE WHEN REQUIRED. HAVE BLADES SHARP AND PROPER LY SET FOR THE WORK THEY ARE TO DO. GREEN OR SOFT WOOD REQUIRES A DIFFERENT SET THAN OTHER WORK. BLADES SHOULD BE FIRMLY MOUNTED ON ARBOR, WITH CLEAN CONTACT SURFACES FREE FROM SAWDUST AND OTHER PARTICLES. KICK-PROOF (OF FRICTION) CLUTCHES SHOULD BE CLEAN AND ADJUSTED IN PROPER TENSION. REMEMBER, A POWER HAND SAW CAN MAIM YOU FOR LIFE. TREAT IT WITH RESPECT. 690 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 123712 CONFTDENTTA1 Portable ower sawhand safe THE POWER HAND SAW, ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TOOLS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, APPEARS TO BE HARMLESS. BUT IN USING IT, WORKERS SHOULD MAKE SURE THEY HANDLE IT WITH KNOW-HOW AND GIVE IT THE RESPECT IT DESERVES. BEFORE STARTING THE POWER HAND SAW, LOOK IT OVER CAREFULLY. DOES IT SHOW SIGNS OF ABUSE? CHECK THE SWITCH. DOES IT APPEAR TO BE DEFECTIVE? HOW ABOUT THE BLADE? IS IT SHARP? IS THE CORD DAMAGED OR FRAYED? INSPECT THE ELECTRICAL CORD, PARTICULARLY WHERE IT ENTERS THE CASE. MAKE SURE THE TOOL IS PROPERLY GROUNDED. MAKE DOUBLY SURE THAT THE BLADE GUARD MOVES FREELY UP AND DOWN. THE GUARD'S MOVEMENT SHOULD HAVE ENOUGH TENSION TO RETURN IT BACK OVER THE BLADE TEETH. NEVER WEDGE THE GUARD SO THAT IT CANNOT OPERATE. FOLLOWING THESE RULES ON PROPER USE AND HANDLING OF POWER SAWS CAN ELIMINATE MANY ACCIDENTS THAT ARE JUST WAITING TO HAPPEN. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 691 DO A 1,23713 CONFIDENTIAL Tools and extension cords WHILE YOU ARE ON THE JOB, OSHA REQUIRES THAT ALL TOOLS THAT YOU USE BE FREE FROM ANY DEFECTS THAT COULD CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH. OSHA MAKES NO DISTINCTION WHETHER THE TOOLS YOU USE BELONG TO YOU OR BELONG TO THE COMPANY, WHETHER THEY ARE RENTED OR THEY ARE BORROWED. IF YOU ARE USING THEM ON THE JOB, AND YOU ARE WORKING FOR US, WE INSIST THAT ALL TOOLS YOU USE BE FREE FROM DEFECTS OF ANY KIND. DEFECTIVE TOOLS CAN CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH TO YOU OR ANYONE WORKING AROUND YOU. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO IMMEDIATELY INSPECT ALL TOOLS IN YOUR POSSESSION TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE FREE FROM DEFECTS. CHECK ALL HANDLES; MAKE SURE THEY ARE NOT SPLINTERED OR CRACKED. CHECK ALL JAWED TOOLS. MAKE SURE THAT THE JAWS ARE NOT BADLY WORN OR SPRUNG. CHECK SCREWDRIVERS FOR BROKEN ENDS OR CRACKED HANDLES. CHECK CHISELS AND PUNCHES FOR MUSHROOMED HEADS. CHECK SHOVEL HANDLES FOR CRACKS AND SPLITTING. NEVER REPAIR OR COVER UP A DEFECT WITH TAPE. OSHA ALSO COVERS THE POWER TOOLS THAT YOU USE. THE TOOL'S ELEC TRIC CORDS CANNOT BE FRAYED OR SPLICED. THEY MUST HAVE GROUND PRONGS ON THE PLUGS. THE SAME APPLIES TO EXTENSION CORDS. WE HAVE GIVEN YOU SOME GUIDELINES TO FOLLOW IN INSPECTING TOOLS IN YOUR POSSESSION, AND IF, AFTER INSPECTION, YOU HAVE TOOLS THAT BELONG TO YOU THAT ARE DEFECTIVE, PLEASE DO NOT BRING THEM TO WORK WITH YOU OR EVEN HAVE THEM IN YOUR TOOL BOXES. IF THEY BE LONG TO US, WE WANT THEM MARKED CLEARLY "DO NOT USE." EITHER TURN THEM IN TO YOUR FOREMAN OR TURN THEM IN TO THE OFFICE. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 693 D A 3237i4 confidential Chain saw safety THIRTY PERCENT OF ALL ACCIDENTS IN THE WOODS INVOLVE CHAIN SAWS. WITH THIS IN MIND, LISTEN TO THESE TIPS ON HANDLING CHAIN SAWS SAFELY: STARTING AND CARRYING * ALWAYS START THE SAW ON THE GROUND, NOT ON YOUR KNEE OR IN THE AIR. * WHEN CARRYING THE SAW ANY DISTANCE, CARRY IT BY THE HANDLE WITH THE MOTOR STOPPED AND THE GUIDE BAR TO THE REAR IN SUCH A WAY THAT YOU CAN THROW IT CLEAR IN CASE YOU STUMBLE OR FALL. * WHEN MOVING FROM TREE TO TREE, MAKE SURE YOUR FINGER IS NOT ON THE SAW TRIGGER IN CASE YOU FALL. REFUELING * SHUT THE MOTOR OFF AND LET IT COOL BEFORE REFUELING. REFUEL ONLY IN A CLEAR AREA WITH MINERAL SOIL EXPOSED. * REFUEL THE SAW ONLY WITH AN APPROVED GOOSENECK GAB CAN. HAUL GASOLINE TO AND FROM THE JOB IN A SAFETY GAS CAN THAT IS APPROPRIATELY LABELED. * WIPE GASOLINE SPILLS FROM THE MOTOR. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND FIRST AID * WEAR A SAFETY HAT, SAFETY SHOES, SAFETY PANTS OR CHAPS, AND SAFETY GLASSES WHEN OPERATING A CHAIN SAW. * KEEP A FIRST AID KIT AND A FIRE EXTINGUISHER HANDY. BEFORE USING A CHAIN SAW, MAKE SURE THAT ALL PARTS ARE IN GOOD CONDITION. HERE IS A CHECKLIST: * IS THE MUFFLER IN GOOD CONDITION? 1901, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 695 DO A 12371S CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks * DOES THE EXHAUST BLOW AWAY FROM THE OPERATOR? * ARE THE SPARK PLUGS AND WIRE CONNECTIONS TIGHT? * IS THE BLADE BENT OR WARPED? * IS THE CHAIN SHARP AND PROPERLY ADJUSTED? * IF AUTOMATIC OILER EQUIPPED, IS THERE A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF OIL IN THE TANK? * IF HAND LUBRICATED, IS OIL AVAILABLE? * IF EQUIPPED WITH A GUARD, IS IT IN PLACE AND FUNCTIONING PROPERLY? * ARE ALL BOLTS, NUTS, AND SCREWS TIGHT? * IS THE APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT BEING WORN? * DOES THE OPERATOR KNOW HOW TO OPERATE THE SAW? 696 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New Yor1, my 10003 CONFTDEN?xlt Power mowing safety POWER MOWING REQUIRES YOU TO ACTIVELY AVOID HAZARDS. YOU WORK ON YOUR OWN SOME OF THE TIME. IN ORDER TO WORK SAFELY, YOU MUST KNOW THE PROPER WORK PROCEDURES AND THE HAZARDS INVOLVED WITH YOUR JOB. TO BEGIN WITH, USE PROPER PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. WEAR SAFETY GLASSES AND FOOT PROTECTION WHEN OPERATING A POWER MOWER. NEVER WEAR SANDALS OR TENNIS SHOES. IF THE EQUIPMENT YOU ARE WORKING WITH SEEMS DEFECTIVE, LET YOUR SUPERVISOR KNOW ABOUT IT. YOU SHOULDN'T OPERATE, LUBRICATE, OR TRY TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE ON ANY EQUIPMENT UNTIL YOU HAVE BEEN TRAINED AND AUTHORIZED TO DO SO. GUARDS ON EQUIPMENT ARE THERE FOR YOUR PROTECTION. IF YOU ARE AUTHORIZED TO DO MAINTENANCE WORK THAT REQUIRES REMOVING A GUARD, MAKE SURE YOU REPLACE THE GUARD WHEN YOU'RE FINISHED WITH THE WORK. NEVER SMOKE WHEN YOU ARE FILLING A GAS TANK. DON'T TRY TO FILL THE TANK WHILE THE ENGINE IS RUNNING, EITHER. IF YOU SPILL ANY GAS, CLEAN IT UP IMMEDIATELY. BEFORE CROSSING OVER LOOSE GRAVEL WITH A POWER MOWER, STOP THE BLADE. IF YOU DO HIT AN OBJECT OR IF A VIBRATION DEVELOPS, STOP THE ENGINE. WAIT FOR ALL MOVEMENT TO STOP. THEN INVESTIGATE. 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 697 DO A 123717 CONFIDENTIAL Safety Talks STOP THE ENGINE BEFORE CLEARING A CLOG OR A JAM OR WHENEVER RE MOVING AN ATTACHMENT. THERE MAY BE HIDDEN OBJECTS IN THE AREA YOU ARE GOING TO MOW. ROCKS, BOTTLES, SPRINKLER HEADS, RUTS, CULVERTS, AND WASHOUTS CAN ALL LEAD TO AN ACCIDENT. BEFORE BEGINNING THE JOB, INSPECT THE AREA TO BE MOWED FOR OBVIOUS HAZARDS AND FOR ANY OBJECT THAT MAY BE PICKED UP AND THROWN BY THE BLADE. REMOVE ALL THE OBJECTS THAT YOU CAN. MARK THE LOCA TION OF HAZARDS YOU CAN'T REMOVE. BRIGHTLY PAINTED WOOD STAKES OR HIGHLY VISIBLE PLASTIC TIED TO ENDS OF STAKES WORK WELL. CONSULT YOU SUPERVISOR BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO MOW STEEP SLOPES. WET GRASS OR LOOSE DIRT ON AN INCLINE CAN CAUSE SIDE SLIPPING. IF CONDITIONS IN THE AREA YOU ARE MOWING INDICATE SIDE SLIPPING IS POS SIBLE, STOP MOWING. NEVER CARRY A PASSENGER ON A RIDING MOWER. BE AWARE OF OTHERS AROUND YOU. YOU COULD CAUSE A SERIOUS INJURY TO AN INNOCENT BYSTANDER THROUGH INATTENTION. NEVER DIRECT THE DISCHARGE OF MATERIAL TOWARD ANOTHER PERSON. FOLLOW SAFE WORK PRACTICES; USE PROPER EQUIPMENT CORRECTLY; AND KEEP EQUIPMENT IN GOOD REPAIR. DO YOUR PART TO MAKE THE JOB SAFE. 698 1981, Business Research Publications, Inc., 817 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 DO A 12371.8 CONFIDENTIAL