Document LgeLb8mJq2O25YdO5ojDEmEz7

LIAZ3851 - ^ 1 * >'!' * ' I LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. 2*2 MADISON AVCNUC NCW YORK 17. N. V. October 10, 1963 SUBJECT: TRAKSMTSSION LOSS OP LEADED BUILDDJO KATERIALS To Members of the Lead Industrie* Association, Inc.s As mentioned in our Lead Information Bulletin Ko. 144, we are enclosing a copy of a reprint entitled "Transmission Loss of Leaded Building Katerials" by Ostergaard, Cardinal!, and Goodfrlend, published in the June, 1963, issue of The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. The reprint is a report of the work conducted by Lewis S. Goodfrlend & Associates for I.L.Z.R.O. Additional copies are available free cf charge in quantities up to 25. Quantities over 25 are available at 40 cents each. Slncprely yours, 'U sj, oZ liavid H. Borcina Secretary DMBiKKM O P'" aJ) Hft/i L+d LIA23852 I* Kepi mtr| tfii Th Jot ** ti tor V m > ci S i# i * A mi c, \'J .H, No *, X.17 w l, jpv |Oivt t***i i iw c.-^tvd **.* .4 xs,.*<* huiw * c * Transmission Loss of leaded Building Materials Pxtft B. 0*t t *<*.x u d , Ricitvoso I*. Ca r p iy t i.l , *n o Lrwis S. Ooot>ritir.SD l^dii S. <.**.( ik mVi, IdttU /. Xtv Jfttj (Koriifl 12 (Xiwivf I'XJ) A nwnt*f id tft (uintu'd fortiliofl nutrf mL ki\r li lc%lr*l l mwf |iifivni*i< |m with Mil vuV- out 0 125 if. Ir*>! difrl ilSoi\dj LrwvWM to nor site. A wrio <2 lr*t with And wit but InH at ^nrk with irxl kithnul 2X4 in *"l HirU inHiiiln that a fw ann tmiHinf [dnlwlt hacir.c Wffa TL it jc*tiralJr, uvr* ptufftnnj huii>lm( nutititk wtik a lt aibooWjr huodol, at m*M h the *d tra-l with many tww mi I 4 fair matenab. f.stlmtift* on(or tr* Jc j iJ Lrarinf matmab aft outlined. HK fm*sihijjfy flut lead with it* high density T might lie combined with onxrtiti<n_d liuilding nul<rul to prvlcj<e more vxund isolation per and j k t inch of thicLnr** ha- intrigued many prople. \l, hotrvrr, unlil J'Wt when ihr |rad !ndutrie> Association engages! llcranrk and Nraiiun1 lo conduct a [*fi )in:iiur\ investigation was anything tnor* than a hunch available a* dc**gn information. Their iu<Jv showed how lead lv itself could. in lightweight sheet*, provide the trati'mi-'ion !** of he ivicr, thicker partition*. Its low elastic t t w Iu Iu *. high density, and resulting low stitTnc>s eliminated the coim idrnce dip in the audible range. It wa* al-o shown that lead lamm.i'.cd to other thicker materials could improve slightly the transmission lose in the plateau region. fhir task was to lit**! practical wax* to get the max imum rt>ult from the lc.t`l. even if it injuirol uncon ventional methyls, plus a cotiM-i'uetit program for advising architects and contractors in their u*c. No drastic methods were rrtjuitrd. Laminating thin *hcrts rxf lead to conventional building pnducts doe* provide transmission loss values axvraging do-* to mass law. 'Hie coincidence dip is .smoothed although the plateau remains. Although 0.1 M in. (nominal l in.) lead was u>ed for most <f thi series of tests, lighter thinner short* of lead have provided similar results in tests in Australia. There, a sheet casting process is avaitjMe (hat turns out thousands of feet (k t hour of one- to three pound leal sheet eighteen inches wide. A series of wax run on J in. temj>crcd hard- 'fmfvs-.td fljrrirtt AivsictHfi, New Vofk, 1**0). ts-id (lj-#d Industrie* Iwunl In this series, single sheets with arxl without 2X1 in. stu-!' were te^tol, a> were lolol sheeis with ar>! witWjt stu*l'. T>K-n, for l>olh the lea!csl an-1 un- leadcsl -hrt s on 2X Lin. su^ls, a *evon*l unleadcsl s}rc-t xxa* addoj to provide the (onimon 2XLin. hardlwMol partition* u*r.| in many otTn e ar^l itHu^lrial plant partitism* < I ig. 1 *. Starting in rever*< ooler, the h if*llscnl with stuls i* pinrer than the J-in. h.tn!l>oanl alone t'ahu- lation of the stillness in a v.-rlnal dimtion due to addition of the slots Indicates a lo.x fresjurmx plateau in the 2*ft- t * lri < ps region. Tne ina** law `I I. at RM c Is is Jl dll for tl.e h.irdl*o.ixl with *tud*. \\ tilt <l.t 14 in. lead laminate! to the J in. hanllioard, the TL jumjs 10 to 12 dl< acro-s the Uurd, with a lexvling of tlx coin- idemr dip. Again, there i* a sligttl hs* when -tud* are oihlol. Ih>th trades! junet* (w-rform Iwttrr than a wall of harilUkird *n both s*d<*s of stu!s. At I25tp-, the dilTerencr i* tl to 16d!l. At WntjVs, the ditlcrcnce is still .1 to (i dll. AIw x t lfll,,*cps, ifte curves ntrrge until 5rairic-|s when the unleaded partition dips. Adding a second face to the leadcsl hardtoard on stu I* does a*ld 4 to Sdll, increasing the average TI by AdR. (W itnjtortant fact is the flattening of the coincidence dip. Thi' is not pmlictod from TL theory unless the high damping of the constrained viscoelastic layer i* acccKintcsf for. (t i* a h'mus. Ha*l rjKxy or casein ad hesive* or furniture glue 1/een u*ed, the degree of damp ing. which wcHavc-eorne to rijwit, would not be achieved.* Tltc tests on } in. gxp*urn boanl inclu'Jed leader! and * K. M. Kciwin, Jr, J. Acoutt. Sc. Am. J!t 2 9<d (195fl). IV 1938.01 LIA23853 MS OSTKKfiAARl), CARIMNKU, AND COOUFRII'.M) i Fj*;. I. Th< i<ur-J *4 J in lb*! k*r<0-4fd with *M *fb.yt w-*] Ju^t o.J <4 U*WI htolbo*/!] with without - ..J *:<N Hk lead * r.<*fnira!'v | m funk. (*t w *j u; v'T'l * " ! 11 m Oink, wr-thir* f* 71 lt *j ft. <0 50 5 40 m 3Wa jo izo 0 J 10 1 :o 7>^ ir -- - A, t/]-(Kk Cn'iw Itiri fli l/l-tncfc UU --. -- A, 1/3-Ij k k lit* if J j 4*i# $td* _ c, l/3*i<h O^ptc* laut ti^k Ida aflit atda S3 // liw i&md frt^ofwy Ttt***I*lo Anri| C1m* 0 i c ill 1 A, 44 it I, ) U C It 4) rtuni i> c t c u i ri h c o k i Kj <j , J. Xbf K*und lran>mi*ion Jo of two ihfOi of ) In. gypagm bo*rd <-H a(*>rf>iim*lt1jr 4 in. *n*rt *;th and without Hu4i and with nonuiuJ | in. !rtd abect, tbc actual tbkknrM of whnh ti 0.1(4 in., wi^hin^ 6.74 II- per Kj ft. wv* rK; LIAZ3854 .isw. ( TRANSMISSION LOSS OF I.CAHKD BUILDING MATERIALS 839 D# I ' l>-< v*j J inr` .v.* V *if <r ft- .Vd *4 | i T n^U Uininatrl to 0 114 ia, < | n Birunii' W*-f A 74 t!> J*r-f Vj ft. u r LIA23855 MO )S1 I. k <; A A k I), CAklUNKU, A\l) COOMKkirND i*iU : I Hi. 5. lie **- V** 4 I* tt'-c' ! ! with arv.| Unn.it <'. lu lii-- ini I U *J ah* ( * r.<Hnti>al U OV r th* l Wa*l i}^H 3 (0 lb f vj ft. 0 v 30 220 J 10 5 :o 2 A 1 auf* Alw ( fli 0.9M>iach Uai 1, X -|<||4 A* ; Cwrt A A1m Sc'Mvi fntiMtCf TraJlntoa Avtt*< CIi i i D i < It t li 11 IS i. i n 40 40 K/O 100 4 00 400 1C IK 4K IK FKIOUCKT IN CTCct* pft 3CCON0 lOK ih.aivtif4ii`rniv4<* i ks* *4 JO u^r ilutiiinuin n.| ?0 ftage aluminum i(fc n c^ual (Itn knm f WaJ (II UI2 it 1-mn t .1 11 < 11 II l.' Tl'.-f"*,T"'T" w mt ^ *w pgai^y. 'wwri-y**, LIA23856 TRANSMISSION' I.OSS OK I. K A t) K. 0 li U I I. 0 I N G MATERIALS 841 l K*. 7. #iT>d trMmis**"n W* / a 2* in th.-i Urrtra'rd gyju::al*Tird wall with *ad withwt iWKnifvi! | in. thkk lead. urdeaded panel* with and without tud* with results shown in frig. 2. Although the curves trot! to Irunch in (he octave altovc C|^, (here is only a drght coin- cide.nc dip. Herr, a> with the hardlxurd, the *tt*d* cause a ' hgltilv higher TL in the region near coinci dence. However, in the nuvljw range, the cunrv intertwine. In the nuiss-law region, the leaded s^j^um 1>o.ird plus plain yp-.um board on *ltid* i I to SdB l**ttef than the unleaded wall below CrfMcp*. *Hk .fctri-tp'. comerdrnct dip i> Mttoothed with an merca*^ t*f 7 dll in this region. It i< not completely eliminated, but it is rjuite a worthwhile improvement. Single sheet* of cement astute* Iroanl nailed to framing are often Used as inlu'tri.d lalwifalnry parti tions. 'Hie improvement available with the J in. leaded Ik mix ! i> obvious from the turves of Fig. .4. Also on the chart are the approximation* suggested by Walters* Other teMs were run using lillerem ihiclnessc* of le.nl with plywood, steel, aluminum, and a proprietary laminated g\j*um partition. Figure 4 show* the transmission lose of (nominal tn.) 0.05S in.. J.4-lb x| ft h ad. laminated to J in. plywood, and the predicted TI. from small sample tests and theory as rx-|sorted in Mm- Unit IhfaruL and i * H. G Watfrn. J Acncjsi. Soc. Am. II, 89S-91I (IvWj, Ph i. 4. Sei-n thnurti tHe 2| In. UntinAtoi (nwim wall |>anH h<iin{ the location of the I in. lhiA lead. iCxErFiWWi*!* i III Lj A23857 ;6<w;j *>*.?*, M2 O ST K. R ('. A A k n . CAKDINELL, AND G 0 O D K K I K \ 0 0 Newman udy. The iUnu1 of the coin* idc-ruc fi( is rn.cir.lv* due to 1 !* t:- of the adhesive a* 4 *r.Mr.timM damping Figure 5 show* the result* of laminating IS gauge *u-cl (0.t5** in.) at id an tvpial thiclne**.* of lead. The rc-'ulu arc predn table on the lu*i* of m.c** alone. The coincidence dip for the steel occur* well out-ide the range of eon*rrn. I hi' combination of lead and steel ha JxTn Mj<*c**full\ u-<d >n a noi*e-iontrol housing fr certain n<i*y miJitan in*trumeni* where >j mc limita tion-, cabinet an*! Urge driving (one* require*! a high iran*nu**io;t los* material. Figure 6 ho;v* the rr-ult* of laminating njual ihick- news of aluminum and lead. The data for -heel alum* inum alone arc from <ur teles, flic result i- 'tattling and cannot lc achieved lo adding more aluminum. Tlic 2\ in. Uminatrd g\|-um wall, fig. 7, ua* im* proved considerable by adding 0.111 in.-thick lead to the core side of one face laurd a* *ho*n *n Fig. H. An avrr.igc of >dll improvement acrrs* the 'jtecirum re* *utl* in an improvement in l>th the average TI. and the sound Tran*mi**ioti clave. Here jfain, this would l>e predicted on a tu*i* of ina** alone. Thi* itnrea-e c'ould not Itf at hieved by douMing the gt p*um thi< kite**, it>r b\ adding thii kef, dcn-cr core material* lixau-c of the rapid growth of stillness with llmlnrvc. In the cour< of our work with lead, *c have had occa'iou to run *omc -< riming tc*tc on lc^Tvirnl materia!-. Suite of the nwlcrUU were then tested at Kiv-eH.i>iic Aeou-tkaJ I-aloratory. 'I'he fe-ult* are .\hown in i ig. V. llecju*< of their extremely small still* nr*.*, thc-c material* il<*-cU billow the ru-` la * above 4<vp>. In tieM le*t*. the curve follows the nu** law at low frecjui m ic* al*o. One -}*ial c.c-ar u> the aftpfh'ation of a nominal /4 in. lead -hevt, on 1X2 in. furring strip*, covered by J in. pi\ wood to a 4 in. ma*onry-b1<*k pattitum (Fig. I*M. The painted bl** k jurtition i* aU/jt 6JB Ik -Io w the nu law curve. With the leaded -hret added, the traii-nii*-ii*u lo*s abno-l nutchcc the mas-* law tine for (he combined material. Our exjwrience using the api-rodmiliott of Watters to predial ri'ulu of lead laminated |vancl* lux i.dilated that d will rank <nlrr the {uncle cormlly, and. if the damping provided by lamination ic determined from tot or i* c aU ulated b\ u*ing most rained clainpingd.yver iber.v, ihc aj>fro\imate Tl, value* can l*c safely e rimatrd. The single leaded panels can be held in wo**! Mojw btlwtvn framing mrinlwr* where it i* de*iri*l to u*e them a* *mglc sheet*. <H our*e, thrv nu*l l< caulked an*l ll.uiking louircjllol to adueve a Mti*fai(o"y LIA23858 / 1 TRANSMISSION LOSS 01 I.EAOKD IUUI. DING MATERIALS MJ Tic. lO.TVMtixl tr*n':n>*ii*i Uin( a 4 m.ihxi maMr> UWk j-iriimwx writhing IL per *\ ft with thrrr erwt* port- te-abn* j^int, tfuI be ).-+ ,4 the %Air.r with in lh*k <nmjrali ba>l ihrrl to I X 2 in furrint Hn}* rvaikd ta the niMTT.ri blk TLf Icat thrrt wu cr.xrrrd b> J in. pj^wtoj htecl to hirv.ul.tc tbc (r<*taM that lui^ht be a^<uol in * rrnw'UJ Nttation. The lottl weight " tbew Jt lb J*T q tl_ result. Other architectural materials can male u>c of lead's prcjwftic' for nooe control. U"here the need for privacy overdiadows otheT consideration*. the dighl additional tot for the lead i- of little con^jucmc. In application'. -uch a< oiTke jurtition', new junel designs u*ing lead will ccM le-*-* than tonvenlional otTice parti tions. U ith a little imagination, in*lu'trijl <Jc>ifcrcr an*! architects will find mnn.v us> for lead where >|acc and weight arc at a premium and sound i-oUrion L* needled. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors widt to acknowledge the cooperation of Uar-Kay I'roduxt* Inc. for |w-rmi*Mon to u m the data on the l al-vin\I material, and of the stall of Riserthink Acoustical Laboratory * ho-c j*atkcc ami j k .t sistencc enabled comjdction of the jerks of tests in a minimum of time. Thi> work wa.< supported by the Ixad Industries Avocialicm Expanded Research Program.