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.f ASBESTOS BULLETIN Vol. 20 No. 5 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT {; CAP-1445 September -- October 1979 Editor: Dr. C. Z. Carroll-Porczynski CONTENTS Part 1. ASBESTOS MINING Part 2. ASBESTOS CEMENT Part 3. ASBESTOS TEXTILES Part 4. ASBESTOS FRICTION MATERIALS Part 5. ASBESTOS REINFORCED PLASTICS Part 6. BUILDING MATERIALS Part 7. ASBESTOS PACKING, SEALING AND COATING COMPOSITIONS Part 8. ASBESTOS PAPER AND INSULATING MATERIALS Part 9. REFRACTORY FIBRES Part 10. COMPANY NEWS Part 11. ASBESTOS HEALTH HAZARDS Page 102 108 111 112 112 112 114 115 115 116 119 I Copyright Astex Publishing Co., 1979 ASARCO ALV 0005666 4 PART 1 ASBESTOS MINING CANADA Working capital amounted to $67,604,700 at June 3o 378. Quebec states terms for Asbestos Corporation 1979, down $1,131,400 from the 1978 year end Financial Times, Sept. 22,1979 Capital expenditures of $12,108,500 were made in the Quebec Finance Minister, Mr. Jacques Parizeau, con six-month period under review. firmed last night that the provincial Government is Meanwhile, resolution of the locked horns situation offering C$42 a share for nearly all of the controlling between the company and the Quebec government of holding in Asbestos Corporation, which is now owned Rene Levesque continues to be in the lap of the courts by General Dynamics Corporation of the U.S. Asbestos Corporation is the second largest fibre producer in 382. Carey Canada Incorporated. Canada. AMAQ Bulletin. May, June 1979. The Government said that its offer is subject to the The management of Les Mines Carey-canadiennes tender of at least 51 per cent of the total Asbestos Ltee of East Broughton, Quebec, announced in May Corporation shares. While General Dynamics owns the amalgamation of two Canadian divisions of the Jim 54-6 per cent, the balance is in the hands of the public. Walter Corporation, of Tampa, Florida, namely Les However, the C$42 per share offer is no higher than Mines Carey-canadiennes and Jim Walter Building the Government indicated at least one year ago. It is Products, under the new corporate name of Carey around the value put on the shares by a study made for Canada Inc. the province by New York investment bankers, Kidder The company has been mining its present asbestos Peabody. An evaluation by Lazard Freres for General ore body, located to the east of East Broughton, since Dynamics put the figure at almost C$100 a share. 1958. It produces ,,ome 200 000 tons of asbestos fibre Asbestos Corporation trading was halted on the stock per year, exporting 50% of its production to the United exchanges on Thursday afternoon at C$44. It did not States where it is used in hundreds of different appli trade yesterday. The offer expires on October 5, the cations. The rest of its production is sold in more than Government said. It would value 51 per cent of Asbestos 45 countries around the world. Carey employs 500 Corporation at nearly CS59m (U.S. $50-86m). people in its mine, processing plant and administrative Last summer the Government passed legislation giving departments. it power to expropriate the Quebec assets of Asbestos The division which until now operated under the Corporation, but has stressed that it preferred to reach name of Jim Walter Building Products manufactures agreement with General Dynamics on the price for a accessories and decorative fittings for the home. takeover. The products manufactured at its Barrie, Ontario, Mr. Guy W. Fiske, General Dynamics vice president, plant include bathroom accessories, decorator lights said that the offer was "but one more step in the high and mirrors, range hoods, heaters and ventilating handed and irresponsible course pursued" by the Quebec equipment. Government in its effort to gain control of Asbestos Management Corporation, "at a completely unrealistic and unfair Mr. M. Prus, who was president of Les Mines Carey- price." canadiennes, has been appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors. 379. Cassiar Asbestos Corp. The Northern Miner. Aug. 16, 1979 Net income for the six months ended June 30,1979, at $6,299,679 or $1-15 a share, compared with $8,323,133 to $1-51 a share in the same period of 1978. Revenue in the period dropped to $42,576,726 from $44,581,567 a year ago. 380. Asbestos Corp. earnings grow 15% takeover fight now in Quebec court. The Northern Miner. Aug, 30,1979 The Asbestos Corp. had net income for the first half of 1979 of $8,328,100 or$2.93 pershare.a 15% increase from $7,237,500 or $2.55 per share for the comparable eriod last year. Sales totalled $86,256,100 vs. 62,751,500. A price increase averaging 8% in the asbestos-cement grades became effective July 1, and there is a strength ening demand for these grades, President M. E. Taschereau says. 383. Two awards presented by the CIM The Third Open-Pit Operators Conference was the occasion for the presentation by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy of honorary awards to Mr. M. J. Messel, President of Lac d'amiante du Quebec, and Mr. Paul Bourassa, President of SOQUEM. They received their awards from Mr. E. H. Caldwell, President of the CIM, at the conference's closing dinner in Asbestos. Mr. Messel The Distinguished Service Award presented to Mr. Messel is in recognition of the invaluable services that throughout his career he has rendered the Quebec mining industry, particularly the asbestos industry, and the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. A mining engineer and graduate of McGill University in Montreal, Mr. Messel acquired wide experience of the asbestos industry with various companies before joining Lac d'Amiante du Quebec in 1956 as General Manager, a position which he held until his appointment as President in 1964. Since 1976, Mr. Messel has also been 102 Asbestos Bulletin V it P0 M \ u s ( y [ 1 i ASARCO ALV 0005667 I u J end.' = in the tuatioj, lent of amt, iiennej n May he Jim ly Lei uilding Carey sbestos l. since >s fibre United appli:e than 's 500 itrative 'er the icturej home, ntario, 1? :ik Carey)f the as the stitute :o Mr. c, and ceived of the o Mr. s that uebec t, and gy. A ity in jf the lining tager. nt as `been - ulledn Vice-President of ASARCO Incorporated, of New York, .|,e parent company of LAQ. He was several times Resident of the Association des mines d'amiante du Quebec. qr, Bourassa For his part, Mr. Bourassa received the Proficiency jiedal for his technological contribution to the mining Industry in District no. 2 of the CIM. An engineer penalizing in mining exploration, Mr. Bourassa joined Quebec Cartier Mining in 1965 and was responsible for veral development projects, including the Mount bright project, until his appointment in 1971 as Director of the company's Engineering and Research Department. He became President of the Societe .juebecoise d'exploratio miniere (SOQUEM) in 1978. 384. Institute of Asbestos Research and Development Joint Communique from the Government and the AMAQ The signing of an agreement between the Quebec government and the Association des mines d'amiante du Quebec for the creation of an institute of asbestos re search and development was marked by a short cere mony held before the press in the Quebec Parliament building, on June 29. After completing their signatures, ihe Minister of Natural Resources, Yves Berube, and the President of the AMAQ, Marcel Dorais, answered ques tions from the journalists present. The full text of the communique issued jointly on this occasion by the Department of Natural Resources and the AMAQ is as follows: "It is with great pleasure that the Minister of Natural Resources, Yves Berube, and the President of the Associ ation des mines d'amiante du Quebec, Marcel Dorais, announce the signing of an agreement concerning the creation of an asbestos research and development centre. The objectives of the centre, which will be known as the Institut de recherche et de developpement de l'amiante (IRDA), are: - the measurement of the amount of fibre emission in the environment by existing and new asbestos-based products, and research on methods aimed at its elimination; - the development of new asbestos-based products leading to the establishing of new industries using asbestos fibre. The setting up of the IRDA will be the task of the Association des mines d'amiante du Quebec, which will see to its incorporation and its organization by finan cing of the IRDA during the five years following its setting up will be provided as follows: the Government of Quebec will contribute up to $5 million with a yearly average of $1 million, while the asbestos pro ducers who are members of the AMAQ will contribute up to one-half of 1% of the total value of their annual net sales of asbestos fibre (estimated net sales for 1978: $300 million). 385. Pilot study to be carried out by Quebec scientists A research project sponsored by the Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health of Montreal AMAQ Bulletin May, June 1979. The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health recently approved an important research project proposed by a team of Quebec researchers for the study of the sputum of asbestos workers. The Executive Committee of the IOEH has assigned almost $195 000 to this project entitled "Sputum cytology in the asbestos sector". Project director will be Dr. Antoine Simard, researcher at the Institut du Cancer de Montreal, and his principal associates will be Dr. Pierre Band, director of the clinical research unit at the Institut du Cancer de Montreal, and Dr. Rene Vauclair.head of the pathology department at Montreal's Hospital Notre-Dame. Two-year project The study, to be spread over two years, aims at determining the prevalence of atypical or abnormal cells in the sputum of asbestos workers. The researchers will also endeavour to establish the relationship between the seriousness of the atypias discovered and the exposure to asbestos and to cigarette smoking. In its sputum analysis the team intends to use a tech nique of cell concentration devised by Dr. Gino Saccomanno of St. Mary's Hospital, Grand Junction, Colorado, who is well known for his studies of the sputum of uranium workers of the Colorado plateau. 386. Canadian Asbestos Shipments in May 1979 Asbestos Milled Fibres, Group 3 GR. United Kingdon Germany West Italy Portugal Spain Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Israel Turkey Asbestos Bulletin Metric tonne 252 267 18 163 131 Value $000 291 284 21 188 155 Cumulative Metric Value ooo tonne 2,340 873 68 18 45 1,100 603 2 25 54 2,768 992 80 21 80 1,251 661 2 28 59 103 i I i l E ASARCO ALV 0005668 Asbestos Milled Fibres, Group 3 GR. (Contd) India Pakistan People R China Japan Korea, South Taiwan Argentina Brazil Colombia Venezuela Mexico United States Total Metric tonne 368 41 42 120 45 350 1,797 Value $000 548 47 41 139 49 389 2,153 Cumulative Metric Value tonne $000 747 91 232 645 86 56 59 449 120 136 163 2,985 10,897 780 93 384 880 93 55 78 576 139 158 175 3,587 12,939 Asbestos Milled Fibres, Group 4 & 5 United Kingdom Ireland Austria Belgium-Luxemb Denmark France Germany West Greece Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain Switzerland Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Germany East Poland Romania Yugoslavia Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Egyptian A. R. Nigeria Algeria Angola Morocco Senegal Bangladesh Sri Lanka India Malaysia Pakistan Singapore Burma > Indonesia Japan Korea, South Philippines Taiwan Thailand Australia New Zealand Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia 3,626 72 816 1,288 241 5,410 3,362 347 1,260 962 629 1,515 653 588 828 480 1,014 271 503 1,134 363 109 181 953 943 852 1,361 299 1,217 4,279 1,327 263 345 907 1,794 953 425 261 18 767 2,528 54 542 814 134 3,470 2,120 223 874 592 378 1,033 389 478 645 366 782 171 373 773 220 93 117 641 628 569 874 169 740 2,360 657 163 159 628 1,230 645 288 136 14 438 16,323 570 1,088 3,775 1,341 15,029 13,795 2,074 8,896 3,262 1,079 8,956 1,833 1,100 946 2,923 2,057 3,078 3,369 181 352 685 1,005 456 907 1,134 635 396 181 181 953 10,179 6,134 2,090 327 517 2,869 14,401 4,846 615 1,481 3,730 6,374 3,287 1,388 3,778 608 7,302 11,537 440 742 2,179 695 9,402 9,131 1,474 6,682 2,094 664 6,184 1,126 895 733 1,952 1,649 2,371 2,634 91 159 428 696 293 477 773 385 334 110 117 641 6,822 4,063 1,270 247 285 1,659 7,908 2,440 356 751 2,384 3,907 2,124 894 1,973 411 4,104 104 Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV 0005669 Asbestos Milled Fibres, Group 4 & 5 (Contd) Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Jamaica Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Panama United States Total Asbestos Shorts, Group 6-9 Grades United Kingdom Ireland Austria Belgium-Luxemb Denmark Finland France Germany West Greece Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Israel Syria Turkey Kenya Nigeria South Africa Angola Bangladesh Sri Lanka India Malaysia Pakistan Singapore Burma Indonesia Japan Korea, South Philippines Taiwan Thailand Australia New Zealand Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Uruguay Asbestos Bulletin Metric tonne 279 103 397 236 4,798 10,897 59,326 Value $000 178 51 292 105 3,449 7,36S 38,948 Cumulative Metric Value tonne $000 1,435 23 743 5 1,605 91 146 562 181 501 14,715 189 51,888 240,570 871 11 462 2 1,122 59 91 271 94 281 10,412 119 34,386 156,866 9,224 17 2,162 682 73 3,662 3,804 9 1,909 272 1,061 36 435 292 109 86 363 159 227 122 5 91 27 75 9,908 158 408 1,070 91 82 16 675 1,960 399 60 438 17 1,723 6 614 230 7 784 863 1 410 57 309 13 112 109 40 20 79 37 83 29 2 20 10 23 2,748 41 120 321 33 14 2 189 334 89 8 102 2 25,836 52 129 5,257 1,052 161 7,738 14,459 181 632 7,622 1,058 3,727 109 1,264 681 109 329 17 45 169 212 5 635 159 227 2,753 187 91 64 148 372 36,972 1,274 729 2,583 2,341 422 109 3,801 54 8,534 746 1,777 865 872 351 5,029 19 16 1,364 333 17 1,583 2,934 18 116 1,568 215 991 38 298 251 40 85 2 6 18 21 2 139 37 83 837 55 20 14 39 89 9,470 431 204 761 754 62 15 786 12 1,932 133 319 250 190 104 105 ASARCO ALV 0005670 Metric tonne Asbestos Milled Fibres, Group 6-9 Grades (Cantd) Venezuela 108 Belize Trinidad-Tobago Costa Rica Dominican Rep El Salvador Guatemala Mexico 1,009 Panama Puerto Rico United States 40,708 Total 82,009 Value $000 30 259 7,218 17,092 Cumulative Metric Value tonne $000 2,186 49 36 18 104 337 91 4,021 44 373 194,770 338,939 338 10 4 5 14 95 33 968 16 49 35,038 68,268 AUSTRALIA 387. Chrysotile Corporation of Australia Pty. Ltd. Asbestos production in Australia has in recent years been in the hands of one company, Chrysotile Corpor ation of Australia Pty. Ltd., which in turn has been in and out of the hands of the receiver for most of its operating life. The company's main operation is the Woodsreef mine, located near Barraba in New South Wales, although in 1976 a small operation at Baryulgil (also near Barraba) was acquired. The Woodsreef mill has a capacity to produce around 110,000 tpa of chrysotile fibre in grades equivalent to QAMA 4--7 inclusive. Production in recent years has reached the 70,000 tpa level. Chrysotile Corp. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Woodsreef Mines Ltd., in which the majority shareholder is Woodsreef Minerals of Toronto, Canada. Operations began in 1972. Receiver-managers were first appointed in November 1973. The company came into the black during 1976 and 1977 but the world oversupply situation that developed (and consequent discounting by major producers) and currency exchange fluctuations that worked to Australia's disadvantage plus certain production problems all combined to put the company in the red again. It now appears that the Commonwealth Government and the New South Wales Government have been persuaded of the long-term viability of the project and are coming to the company's aid by making financial efforts of the order of $A2m. a piece. 388. Australian Asbestos Production (metric tons) 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 30,863 47,922 60,642 50,601 62,383 389. New Wet Milling Technique of Asbestos Fibres. Industrial Minerals, July 1979. An agreement between Woodsreef Minerals of Canada, and it's Australian subsidiary. Woodsreef Mines will allow the former to earn up to 90% of the latters interest in a wet process for mining, milling and producing asbestos fibres developed in Australia. As a result of successful tests on the process by an asbestos cement" producer a wet mill will be built to produce_fibre_for' similar tests. The Australian Government is expected to submit a 50% grant towards the construction of the new wet mill. USSR 390. Lenin Combine Begun Asbestos Production Industrial Minerals, 1979. The V. I. Lenin Combine, located in Tuva ASSR, USSR, near the Mongolian border, has begun the pro duction of asbestos. Output is estimated at some 120,000 metric tonnes per annum, making it one of the largest asbestos mines in the Soviet Union. About 10% of Russia's past output of asbestos has come from the Tuva area. [Industrial Minerals] SOUTH AFRICA 391. Cape Mines Have New Owner Cape News, July 1979. With a history of some 85 years. Cape's asbestos mining interests in South Africa have been acquired by Transvaal Consolidated Land and Exploration Company Limited of Johannesburg, a Barlow Rand company, for a total consideration of 15-6 million. The agreement to the deal was signed in Johannesburg on Friday June 29 and takes effect, retrospectively, as from January 1,1979. Under the terms of the Agreement Cape Blue Mines (Pty) Limited and Egnep (Pty) Limited become wholly owned subsidiaries of TCL together with certain assets of Cape Asbestos S. A. (Pty) Limited and Cape Asbestos Fibres Limited. Mr. Simon Dougherty who has been managing director of Cape Asbestos South Africa (Pty) Limited for the past five years has accepted an invitation to join the 106 Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV OOOS671 ! interest reducing esult of .cement fibrejor :xpected n of the i A'cr. tt. it' .--le te of the out 10% iom the asbestos sired by ompany any, for mesburg ively, i reement limited together Limited director for the join the : Bulletin Board of Rand Mines Limited and to become Chairman 0f those Barlow-Rand companies concerned with the production and marketing of asbestos fibre. All other CASAP directors and employees will retain their positions but within the management structure of TCL. jjew Chapter Opens While in many ways the deal marks the end of an era for Cape it also heralds the opening of a new chapter in the Group's growth and development. It is worth remin ding ourselves of how Cape has grown from its earliest days and how the emphasis has gradually shifted from mining to manufacturing, contracting and distribution activities. The original Cape Asbestos Company was founded in London in 1893 to acquire and work certain asbestos rights in the Cape Province of South Africa. Mines were developed and in due course the Company came to be one of the major world producers of crocidolite asbestos and the world's largest producer ofamosite asbestos--a position the mines still hold today. original intention was a partnership, it became clear during the course of discussion that the balance of advantage to both sides was for Cape to dispose of the whole of its mining interests in TCL. The proceeds of the sale will enable Cape to develop further, and at a more rapid rate, its manufacturing, con tracting and distribution activities. There are good prospects in both the main business sectors in which the Group is engaged--the building and automotive industries. Growth will be sought by further investment to expand existing operations and through acquisition. A particularly promising oppor tunity exists at the present time in the field of insulation, both in the manufacture of products and their installation. Future Plans Cape is the second largest manufacturer of insulation materials in the U.K. and is the largest company in insulation contracting for industrial, commercial and domestic uses. Plans for further substantial investment in insulation are well advanced. U.K. Development In 1913 the company opened its first manufacturing base in the U.K. and produced insulation and fire pro tection products using asbestos fibre from the South African mines. Over the years the company gradually broadened its manufacturing base in the U.K. This pattern continued until about the mid 1950's when considerable expansion of U.K. Manufacturing activities took place--amongst which were included a new plant for the production of Rocksil rock fibre and the introduction of such new products as Asbestolux for the building industry. A major position in the friction materials industry was achieved by the purchase of Small & Parkes in the early 1960's which joined with the then existing Capasco company to become Don International with factories in the U.K. and Europe. Further growth followed the acquisition of UAM (now Cap Universal Claddings) and Trist, Draper in the late 1960's and of the contracting business of Newalls Insulation in 1975. Name Change The Company's name change in 1974 to Cape In dustries Limited better refected our growing industrial base which, in earning capacity, has steadily overtaken that of our mining interests. It is clearly evident that whereas Cape companies were once major users of Cape fibre this is no longer the case. Under these circumstances it came to be recognized that technically, commercially and geographically the Mining Division had become isolated from other Group activities and this in turn suggested that a South African partner within that country's mining industry should be sought. Natural Candidate As the owners of the mineral rights at one of the Cape wines, TCL was a natural candidate. Although the 392. Pomfret's Underground Operation Goes `Open Cast' with Mechanised methods. Coal Gold + Base Minerals of Southern Africa April 1979 -- 25 Extremely favourable underground conditions coupled with cost considerations, have led to the intro duction of trackless mining methods in the new 2A incline shaft at the Pomfret asbestos mine in the northern Cape. Representing one of the most highly mechanised underground operations, the recently completed mechanisation programme will mean that 2A section will employ a mining method in many ways similar to that normally followed in opencast mines and quarries. Ore at Pomfret is presently exploited through two shafts--the 6 vertical shaft and the 2A incline shaft. When the mine first opened development was conducted on the basis of asbestos occurring in seemingly uncon nected ore body structures. This led to the sinking of several widely separated shafts, including the Innes shaft. No. 2 and No. 7 shafts, and the 8 incline shaft. However, with increasingly sophisticated exploration methods, it was established that payable ores existed in a fairly regular pattern, and this led to the discovery of a shallow ore area shouth-west of No. 6 shaft, which is the area now exploited through 2A incline shaft. 393. South Africa Asbestos Production January 1979. Coal, Gold and Base Minerals. April 1979. Amosite Chrysotile Cape Blue M. tons. 3,298 7,147 8,781 Value R. 552,893 1,263,159 3,905,437 Asbestos Bulletin 107 | i ASARCO ALV 0005672 394. U.K. Asbestos Fibre Import (EEC) Canada Cyprus South Africa Swaziland Other countries 1974 1975 Thousand tonnes 153.0 139-2 1-4 5-2 107-9 70-1 6-8 8-2 15-6 29-0 16-4 21-6 6-3 10-3 EUROPE 1976 144-9 2-4 98-4 7-5 15-2 18-5 5-3 1977 127-2 1-8 87-8 7-8 14-0 14-9 2-7 1974 1975 thousand c i f 18 583 24 206 180 779 12 746 12 288 603 871 2 087 4 951 2 445 4 408 702 1 688 1976 35 530 511 23 817 1 169 3 898 5 544 1 102 1977 32 174 320 20 884 1 535 3 837 5 378 540 395. West German Asbestos Import 1977--1978 in metric tons. Industrial Minerals. July 79 Canada USSR SouthAfrica Total 1978 260,536 32,400 26,219 345,816 1977 312,697 37,876 19,378 399,278 396. Plans to Increase Yugoslavian Asbestos Fibre Production. Mining J. 1979. A Din 300-million investment for new facilities is in the offing for the asbestos mine at Bosansko Petrovo Selo, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Yugoslavia. Annual output of ore is to be raised from 150,000 to 660,000 metric tonnes and fibre production is to increase from 5,000 to 26,000 tonnes per year. PART 2 ASBESTOS CEMENT 397. East Germany Planning Expansion of AsbestosCement Industry in to Next Century. New Asbestos-Cement Building Materials. Dr. G. Ohlerich' (VEB Asbestzementwerk Porschendorf). Baustoffindustrie 1978 - B - 4 (August) Trans lated from German text. The participation of the German Democratic Republic in the development of the asbestos mining combine Kiembei (USSR), resulting from the increasing econom ical integration of the socialist countries, gives our asbestos-cement industry manifold possibilities for the extension of our range of the asbestos-cement products. Thus, in the coming decades, the building material `Asbestos-cement' will gain in importance in all sections of the building industry. A strict conformity with all the requirements of the fire prevention is a basic condition for all building designs in dwellings, and in industrial and agricultural fields. The fireproof sheets are produced in two varieties, (A) and (B). Their dimensions are 2500 X 1200 mm., the thickness is 6,8,10,12, 15 or 20 mm. The difference betweeen sheets (A) and (B) relates mainly to different density and bending strength. The physical data of sheet (A) and (B) are quoted in Table I. Figure 1 shows the temperature rise on the reverse side of a sheet exposed to fire. The temperature is increased according to the fire test TGL 10685/13. forra Fireproof Sheet, `Baufatherm -- 77' The above requirements are fulfilled by the fireproof sheets, `Baufatherm -- 77' produced at the VEB Asbest zementwerk Porschendorf since the second quarter of 1978. The sheets are produced on the basis of inorganic fibrous materials, cement and porous additives. They are noncombustible and, when exposed to fire, they do not evolve any combustible, explosive or toxic gases. They can be used at working temperatures reaching 40CTC (lasting employment); they retain their form when exposed to fire up to 1100 C. 108 Time, minutes. Fig. 1. The temperature rise on the reverse side of the sheet exposed to fire (Fire test TGL 10 685/13). Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV 0005673 1977 32 174 320 20 884 1 535 3 837 5 378 540 Table 1. Physical data offireproof asbestos-cement sheets `Baufatherm--77' (A) and (B) Data (A) (B) Density (kg/m1) Bending strength (MPa) Modulus of elasticity (MPa) Water absorption (%) Swelling-shrinkage change (mm/m) Heat conductivity at 10% moisture (W/mK) Specific heat at 10% moisture ( /kg K) Water vapour diffusion-resistant factor 900-1200 10 4500 65 2-5 0-220 945 600-900 5 3000 100 2-5 0-200 975 8 * Fibre ies is in Petrovo output ) metric ',000 to irieties, 0 mm., ference iff oted in reverse .ture is 1. fart ; aK of the 5/13). Bulletin Applications of Sheets (A): partition walls, laminates, ceiling linings. Applications of sheets (B): prop and girder casings, light partition walls, ceiling linings, smoke aprons, flues, fire walls, fire dams, structural elements in wet rooms in which condensation should be avoided and air humidity should be regulated, etc. The fireproof sheets can be delivered with coloured coatings. Such coatings can also be formed later, using alkali-resistant paints, decorative foils, wallpapers, etc. The sheets can be worked with ordinary wood working tools or machines (drilling, cutting, polishing). Special attention should be paid to the storage of the fireproof sheets, they must be protected against water. In the fourth quarter of 1978, all the users will receive comprehensive `Instructions for the use and working' of the fireproof sheets. Coloured Asbestos-Cement Sheets `Baufasil'. Improvements in the living conditions include, not the last, the introduction of colours into the dwelling, working and trade premises. Since 1971, asbestos-cement sheets coated with multicolour lacquers are used in increasing numbers for the facade linings, laminates elements and parts of inner decorations. The sheets offered for the outer and inner applications are coloured in white, ivory, dark beige, pink and blue. For the inner applications red-brown sheets are also available. The aim of the research in this field is to ensure the longest possible service life of the coloured coatings. In this connection, a new product, `baufasil' sheet was developed. These sheets are produced in the following colours: blue green olive red brown white grey golden yellow ultramarine mediun green pale olive green vermilion (cinnabar) red brown pure white dark grey - 1464 -2256 -0147 -0607 - 0654 -0000 -2016 All these colours (except the golden yellow) corres pond to the colour index according to TGL 21 196. The `Baufasil' sheets are especially suitable for outer linings. They are characterised by high light fastness of the colours, and good resistance against industrial flue gases. They have very long service life. Comparative tests with known coating indicate service life of 30 years. The `Baufasil' sheets are impregnated with a waterrepellant also on the reverse side. Nonanto asbestoscement sheets have a swelling-shrinkage change of 3 0/00 ; the `baufasil' sheets 1 0/00 . Coloured Roofing Tiles and Corrugated Sheets Besides the coloured lacquer-coated sheets and `Baufasil' sheets, roofing tiles (400 mm and 300 mm) and corrugated sheets (2500 x 1097 and 1097 x 625mm) will soon be available in grey, black and redbrown colours. White Asbestos-Cement Sheets For large facades and other walls, white asbestos- cement sheets can be used, optionally in combination with coloured asbestos-cement sheets. The white asbestos-cement sheets are produced with use of the special white portland cement. Their physical properties are the same as those of ordinary asbestos-cement sheets. The long service life (50 years) should be emphasized. The white asbestos-cement materials are produced in the form of sheets or laminates. They can be used as decora tive inner wall linings. Their use is economical. Conclusions This short survey of the new products of the asbestos- cement industry of the German Democratic Republic does not, of course, give any full account of the mani fold possible applications of these materials in various sections of the building industry. The asbestos-cement products which will be in the future further developed and perfected, are very valuable building materials which are light, safe, relatively inexpensive, and decora tive. They will play a very important role in the building industry of the German Democratic Republic in the coming decades, into the next century. Asbestos Bulletin 109 i I i ii i .1 ASARCO ALV 0005674 398. Linear Model of Calendar Planning for an Asbestos- layer and the cloth considerably facilitates the detuffi. f cement Combine. cation of the asbestos-cement sheet because of the ) A. S. Maltsen, V. A. Kozlov and V. Ya. Zholondz. reduction of the quantity of water to be removed by Stroit. Mater., 1978. No. 12,6--7. rolling. The strength of the product is increased. Th* i Optimal distribution of the operations in an asbestos- vacuum is applied only to the first one or two Uy^ t' cement combine is subjected to mathematical analysis. of asbestos-cement. The speed of the cloth can be 1 Equations defining the productivity of the plant are increased, (at present 50-55m/min). Details of the s presented. experiments are quoted. c 399. Prevention of Environment Pollution by Aqueous Effluents From Asbestos-Cement Factories. L. V. Madvedeva et al. Tr. Mosk. Khim. Tekhnol Inst. im. D. I. Mendeleeva, 1977, 93, 68--73. Recycling of aqueous effluents from asbestos-cement production is possible under the condition that hexavalent chromium ions are removed by electrolysis. The effluents should be also treated by known physico chemical methods. The pH should be lowered by addition of HC1. 400. Characterisation of the Release of Chrysotile Asbestos from Asbestos-Cement Drinking Water Pipes. W. H. Hallenbeck. Report 1977. W79-00435. OWRT--A--071--166(3); Order No. PB-288087. 60pp. No significant release of chrysotile asbestos from asbestos-cement water pipes was observed. 404. New Tacseal Joint. TAC Construction Materials have introduced a high integrity, speedily assembled joint giving cost savings oa Tumall asbestos-cement pipelines. Tests have proved that the new Tacseal jointing system has considerable advantages over many com petitive systems, in that it fully satisfies the BS 3656 requirement for angular deviation and axial draw. It provides a high integrity joint under conditions ranging from gravity flow to 12 metres head surcharge pressures even when tested under full differential loading' conditions. Tacseal joints have two trapped rings, as opposed to the four rolling rings of Tumall sleeve joints, and are simply and speedily assembled using only hand leverage. They can be interchanged with Tumall Sleeve joints on asbestos-cement drainage pipelines by effecting a simple modification to the pipe ends. TAC is a Turner & Newall company. e I 401. Studies on Deformability and Loading Capacity of Large Sandwich Elements with a Core of Filled Polyurethane Foam. A. Dusza, W. Kukulska and J. Pogorzelski. Prace Inst. Tech. Budow. 1978, 7(1) 21--32 (in Polish). Panels containing an asbestos-cement outer layer, a core consisting of granular, glass-filled polyurethane foam particles, and a gypsum-paperboard inner facing, were studied. The tests comprised transverse loading, and heat and moisture resistance. The panels proved to be suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls in small dwelling houses. 402. Use of Acrylic Emulsions for Protection of Asbestos-Cement Articles. J. M. Loutz et al. Double Liaison-Chim. Peint., 1978, 25(280), 585-590 (in French). Durable coatings are formed by applying an acrylic emulsion to heated asbestos-cement surfaces. The coatings effectively protect asbestos-cement articles against attack by atmospheric agents. 403. The Role of the Application of Vacuum in the Technology of the Formation of Asbestos-Cement Sheets on Machines Comprising Net Drums. L. F. Gavrilova, M. S. Neifeld and L. N. Tkachev. Stroit. Mater., 1979 No. 6., 20-21. Experiments have been carried out to assess the advantage of the application of vacuum in the formation of asbestos-cement sheets on machines equipped with perforated drums, (some authors have denied any such advantage). The present work has confirmed that the evaporation of water from both the asbestos-cement 405. Australian Regulations Limiting the use of Asbestos Products in Buildings. Industrial Minerals, July 1979. The Australian Department of Housing and Con struction has brought in regulations limiting the use of asbestos products in buildings. These prohibit the further installation of asbestos insulation by spray techniques and asbestos lagging in all government buildings and existing installations are being sealed, or when substantial maintenance is required, replaced with alternative materials. The department recognises that asbestos cement is a totally different case and it does not consider it to be a health hazard. Hence it is not included in the directive. 406. TAC Conduits Withstand Heavy Aircraft Loads. The high crush strength properties of asbestos-cement conduits manufactured by TAC Construction Materials Ltd are being utilised in a runway strengthening and improvement project at Manchester International Airport. The scheme is being carried out under the control of the County Engineer's Department of Greater Manchester Council. The main contractor is Wimpey Asphalt Ltd, with Balfour Beatty Construction Ltd as sub-contractors responsible for the civils construction. Phase 2 of the contract, now in progress, involves the use of over 5000 m of high performance, specially designed asbestos-cement conduits to carry lighting cables. The performance specification called for conduits of 75 mm bore, made from non-conductive material and capable of withstanding heavy aircraft wheel loads 110 Asbestos Bulletin F; ASARCO ALV 0005675 dentil. f th* ? * l*yei* can be of the a high ingson ointinj ' com5 3656 raw. It ranging 5ssurej, loading )sed to ind ate verage. ints on simple sbestoi 1 Conur " lit' spray mment led, or :d with :s that it does is not ids. :ement iterials ng and ational trol of :hester It Ltd. racton res the ecially Ightiflj mduits laterial 1 loads 3ulletln ranging up to 292 kN/m (20,000 lbs/ft) from the B747 jumbo jets. TAC pipes division technical staff, liaising with GMC design engineers, produced and successfully tested a thick wall high strength asbestos-cement pipe with a 125 mm outside diameter. A special in-line jointing system was also developed to enable speedy laying during the night working periods. During production, emphasis was placed on achieving the maximum possible circularity of bore, and concentricity between jointed pipes, so as to facilitate threading through the electric cables. The scheme is being carried out in four phases and TAC have recently received an order for asbestoscement conduits which will be required for the final phase. The project is scheduled for completion in mid1980. TAC is a Turner & Newall company. 407. Regulating the Process of Rendering Harmless Chromium-contaminated Waters Circulated in Asbestos-Cement Plants. P. P. Bomovolokov and V. V. Pushkarev. Stroit Mater., 1979, No. 5,19. An automatic system is described, in which variations in the hexavalent chromium content in the circulated water (due to changes in the amount of chromium introduced into the water from element) are recorded, and a corresponding signal is sent to the regulating electrolytic device. This device electrolytically intro duces divalent iron ions (by electrolysis of an ironelectrode) into the circulated water to reduce hexa valent chromium and remove it from the circuit by precipitation. 408. The Development of the Production of Large Pressed Flat Asbestos-Cement Sheets. Yu. N. Zheldakov et al. Stroit Mater., 1979, No. 4,15-16. The first in the U.S.S.R. line for the production of pressed flat asbestos-cement sheets of large dimensions has been recently put in operation at the Kiev asbestoscement combine. The sheets have a length of 3600 mm., width 1500 mm and thickness 6--10 mm. The ratio of asbestos grades III, IV and V is 15:15:70. The line includes the first in the U.S.S.R. hydraulic press D-0053 especially designed for this purpose; its strengths is 20,000 tons, 360 kg/cm2. A diagram of the production line and its technical parameters are given. NON ASBESTOS:- CEMENT OTHER FIBRE COMPOSITE MATERIALS 409. Glass Fibre-Reinforced Cement, A Progress Report. L. C. F. Blackman. Composites 10, No. 2 : 69--72 Apr. 1979. Starting only a few years ago as a new concept in composites technology, grc is now used in tens of millions of pounds worth of products throughout the world. This paper describes the origins of glass-fibrereinforced cement and traces the material's development and commercial exploitation. Three main areas for possible major advances in the future are also outlined. 410. Fibre Cements and Fibre Concretes. D. J. Hannant, Univ. of Surrey. John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016, 1978. 219 P.S28-50. This Book covers the basic theory, properties, pro duction, and applications of a wide range of fibre cements and fibre concretes. Topics include properties of materials; theoretical principles of fibre reinforcement in uniaxial tension: theoretical principles of fibre rein forcement in flexure; steel fibre concrete, properties in the fresh state and mix design for workability and pro perties in the hardened state; polypropylene fibres in concrete, mortar and cement; glass fibres in cement and concrete; asbestos cement; fibres other than asbestos, glass, polypropylene, and steel; applications of steel, polypropylene, glass and asbestos fibres; and steel-fibre concrete in road and airfield pavements. 411. British Patent 1,537,177 Method for Producing Webs or Sheets from Mineral Fibres. Rockwool AB. Mineral fibre sheets or webs, suitable as replacements for asbestos fibre webs, are outlined from mineral fibres which are first subjected to a dispersion and separation stage to remove particulate matter, so that the resultant fibres may be uniformly dispersed in water and have superior sheet-forming properties. 412. British Patent 1,536,663 Production of Fibre Reinforced Wallboard. R. C. Moore and A. Jelen (to Cape Boards & Panels Ltd.). The wallboard is formed from an aqueous slurry of gypsum plaster, mineral fibres, and 1 to 25% of cellulose fibres. 413. Belgian Patent No. 872,127 Cement Material Reinforced with Fibres. Inventa A. G.fur Foischung und Patentverwertung. Portland cement reinforced with a mixture of asbestos fibres and polyvinyl alcohol fibres has improved bending strength and resilience compared with compositions containing asbestos fibres only (having the same volume as the asbestos-polyvinyl alcohol fibre mixture). PART 3 ASBESTOS TEXTILES 414. No. 6 Asbestos Bulletin will be devoted to the defence of unique mineral asbestos and its uses Asbestos Bulletin as a textile material serving many branches of the modem industry. 111 ASARCO ALV 0005676 PART 4 ASBESTOS FRICTION MATERIALS v'MWt 415. U.S. Patent 4,145,223 Frictional Material for Brakes. K. Iwata (to Sumitomo Elec. Inds., Ltd.) A frictional material for brakes, employs as a rein forcing material a fibrous material selected from the group consisting of glass fibre, steel wire, organic syn thetic fibre and ceramic fibre and containing nonfibrous serpentine by 5 to 80% in contents by volume. 416. Japanese Patent No. 79 25,952 Frictional Material* Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd. ,* Clutch linings having stable properties are produced from a copolymer of paraformaldehyde and cashew nutshell oil and asbestos fibres preliminarily blended with a melamine adhesive. A powdered metal or metal wire or Mexican cotton can be included. The hardening is performed at 160C. The product is impregnated with dimethylolmelamine. PART 5 ASBESTOS REINFORCED PLASTICS 417. East German Patent No.134,236. Reinforced Polyolefins. VEB Leuna-Werke `Walter Ulbricht'. Mouldings are prepared from mixtures of an ethylenenorbomene copolymer, optionally containing a butadiene-styrene rubber or another polymeric addative, with asbestos or glass fibres. The products have high heat-deformation resistance, low water absorptivity, good dielectric properties, and low thermal expansion. The tensile strength is 640 kg/cm*; the modulus of elasticity is 58000 kg/cm* 2. 418. Thermal Expansion of Chrysotile Asbestos and its Composites. C. Harwood et al. J. Mater. Sci. 1979, 14(5), 1126-1140. The principal, linear, thermal expansion coefficients of chrysotile asbestos were determined in the tempera ture range from 80 to 270 K. The thermal expansion of the asbestos-phenolformaldehyde resin composites was also measured. A theoretical discussion of this topic is presented. 419. British Patent No. 1,530,257. Reinforced Thermo plastic Materials. TBA Industrial Products. Mixtures of nylon 6 and chrysotile asbestos, stabilized with para-di-(phenylamino)-benzene are moulded to form products having high bending and impact strength. These products are resistant to ageing at elevated temperatures. 420. Japanese Patent No. 79 14,456. Polyvinyl Chloride-Base Compositions. Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. Compositions for the production of tiles, which do not crack during the moulding, contain PVC, a copolymer of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, poly ester fibres and asbestos fibres. The composition may also contain a plasticiser, chalk and a pigment. 421. Japanese Patent No. 79 45,352. Vibration Dampers. Toroy Industries Inc. Vibration dampers are produced from a rubber, a polymer having a dynamic modulus higher than 10 dynes/cm*, and inorganic fibres (including asbestos) or flakes (such as mica). A nitrile rubber can be used. The polymer can be polymethyl methacrylate. PART 6 BUILDING MATERIALS A. ASBESTOS BASED 422. German Patent Application No. 2740,291 Binding Plastic Articles to Mouldings of Concrete or Cement. Amiantus A. G. Sheets or plates of thermoplastic, synthetic resins (especially polyolefines) are fixed to roof or wall ele ments (made of concrete, asbestos-cement, etc.) by heating both the thermoplastic body and the cement (or the like) body, and optionally applying pressure. The thermoplastic resin can be mixed with bitumen. Walls of excavated trenches are protected against crumbling by the application of a bentonite suspension containing lime; treated with sodium silicate and cement, and optionally, other additives, including asbestos fibres. Setting controlling agents, such as nitrohumic or lignosulphonic acid can be added. 424. Japanese Patent No. 78 124,519. Lining Materials. Thara Chikuro Kogyo K. K. Corrosion-resistant linings for concrete structures, stacks, dust collectors, metal surfaces, etc., are produced from blast-furnace slag, quartz trachyte asbestos powder, glass powder, sand, cement and rubber emulsion. 423. British Patent 1,525,680 Solidification of TrenchStabilising Liquids. Kumagaigumi Co. 112 425. Czech. Patent No. 176,763. Fast-Drying Paint. M. Pruzek et al. Paint for metal structures or for marking pavements Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV 0005677 Itf, oduccd cashew 'leaded r metu rdeninj sd with hermo- bilhed led to rength. Ievated lyvinyl ich do VC, i , polyn may vr 'ber, a m 10* aestos) ; used. gainst ension iment, bestos humic sills. tures, luced wder, s nents uhetin consists of an air-drying low-viscosity polyurethane fesin, modified with semi-drying or drying oils, or fatty acids, chlorinated polyolefins and/or chlorinated jubber, pigments, fillers, including microground asbestos, organic solvents and additives. The drying time is 20 min. (stage A) of 90 min. (stage B). 426. Japanese Patent No. 78 21,007 Porcelain Articles Covered with Inorganic Fibre Sheets. J. Kanzaki. A clayey material is moulded under pressure, covered with an inorganic fibre sheet impregnated with a glazing composition, and the assembly is fired. The cover can be prepared by mixing asbestos fibres, an adhesive, a pig ment and a glaze, containing oxides of sodium, potas sium, calcium, zinc, aluminium and silicon. The firing is carried out at 1250C for 38 hours. By this method glazed tiles can be produced. 427. U.S. Patent 3,931,076. Vinyl Asbestos Tiles. Exxon Res. and Eng. Co. Vinyl-asbestos tiles are fabricated from a mixture of (1) the usual chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer resin, asbestos, diisononyl phthalate, limestone, epoxidized soybean oil, barium stearate, zinc stearate, melamine and titanium dioxide and (2) neodecanoic acid as an anti-pinking additive. 428. Japanese Patent No. 79 23,626. High Strength Inorganic Composites. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Building or other structural materials are prepared by mixing asbestos with alkine iron hydroxide; compressing the mixture and hardening. The starting materials are asbestos, ferric sulphate nonahydrate, and a sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is first freeze-dried, then compressed under a pressure of 3 ton/cm2. The density of the product is 1-71 g/cm3. The bending strength is 220 kg/cm2. 429. U.S. Patent No. 4,152,168. Cement Product. Kubota Ltd. Coloured roofing panels or similar articles are pro duced from inorganic,foamed components(e.g. pumice), solid aggregates (e.g. sand), cement, reinforcing fibres (e.g. asbestos), pigments and optionally other additives. The mixture is kneaded with water; then compressed under a pressure of 200--600 kg/cm2. The panels are heated to 40--70C and sprayed with a coloured emul sion or liquid composition containing a resin, and cement, with inorganic particles. Then the panels are cured. B. NON ASBESTOS FIBRE BASED BUILDING MATERIALS 430. Board with a glass fibre surface. Financial Times Sept 24 1979. Just patented in Belgium is a material which could be of major interest to the building industry, both because of its cheapness and because of the superior properties which it can be given compared with existing and competing structural boards. It is basically a plasterboard in which the cardboard is replaced by a mat of glass fibre. This sheet of fibre is made in such a way that, on the outside, the hairfine fibres are stuck together with a synthetic resin, while on the inside--projecting downwards into the gypsum matrix--there is a forest of fibres, still attached at one end to the mat by a dot of resin. Thus, the external surface is made relatively smooth and to a large extent self-coloured, while the internal surface provides both a key and the reinforcement. The Belgian developer, who has so far made a large number of demonstration "pieces," says that so far as can be judged, wallboard made according to the process he had patented could cost as little as one-third of comparable products and will not increase markedly in price since it is not dependent on sensitive raw materials for its manufacture. But apart from interior and exterior wallboard or wall panel; other products which could be made in this way include finished external structural units with a brick like aspect; Multi-coloured floor tiles; roof tiles; window frames and even internal doors. In the manufacture of the wallboard, for instance, drying or curing is very fast and dimensional stability is exceptionally high. The end-product is highly fireresistant and is not affected by humidity. Thermal and acoustic performance is good. Decoration of the installed panels poses few problems and the developer has sought to simplify the method of attachment to the skeleton of the building so that assembly will not demand expensive handling equip ment nor specially trained installers. The company Decorunic, at rue de Heuseux 3, 4511 Barchon, which is in the Liege area of Belgium, will consider the granting of licences and is also prepared to enter into joint development projects. Enquiries to M. A. Kulbach on Barchon (041) 87 55 76. For UK 010 32 41 8755 76. 431. Protecting a roof. Financial Times Sept. 27, 1979 Tekurat roofing insulation material has been used on a new sports hall adjacent to the Gateshead International Sports Stadium. Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council's depart ment of architectural services specified Tekurat as the insulant to provide a maximum `U' value of 0-7W/square metre and degree C, and the 32 mm Tekurat has actually achieved a U value of 0-59. A total of 1,837 square metres of Tekurat was laid on the building's metal decked roof by Evode Roofing's contracts department, and was then water-proofed and given a solar reflective coating. Developed in Germany, Tekurat provides a solution to the problem of entrapped moisture in roofing insulation. It consists of an upper layer of high quality roofing felt, a core of rigid polyurethane foam insulation and a pro filed aluminium-faced "respiration zone." These three Asbestos Bulletin 113 ASARCO ALV 0005678 t1 layers are formed together during manufacture and Ciba-Geigy Plastics, Duxford. Cambridge CB2 4Qa laid simultaneously on site from 10 metre rolls. 0223 832121. V.. A series of interconnected, 5 mm deep pressure equalisation channels on the underside of the material is connected to atmosphere either at the eaves or by means of vents. This enables moisture vapour migrating to and within the roof to escape to atmosphere without loss of thermal efficiency instead of being trapped in the insulation. An important feature of the material is that the insulating core of polyurethane is protected from 433. Dumping of Fibreboards. Indust. Minerals 1979. The investigation which the European Commission opened last November into the alleged dumping of fibre building board from Czecholovakia, Poland, Rumania and the USSR has now been extended to include' Finland, Norway, Sweden and Spain. "gassing" when hot bitumen is laid on top by the integral upper layer of roofing felt. Tekurat can with 434. Sandwich Keeps It Cool. stand temperatures up to 250 deg.C., well above the Composites. July 1979,p. 132. level at which hot bitumen is applied to roofs. Insulation values better than those required by new Evode Roofing, Common Road, Stafford. 785 45121. Building Regulations in the UK are the main features of a new range of metal/foam/metal sandwich panels from 432. Pipe will Carry Hot Chemicals. Cape Universal Claddings. Marketed under the brand Piping manufactured from glass reinforced Araldite name Unishield, the panels are available in three profile thermosetting epoxy resin can withstand water, brine shapes, each profile being marketed as a complete and many normally aggressive chemicals at moderate system including flashings, fittings and translucent lights. pressures and temperatures above the boiling point of Cape Universal Claddings has invested some 500,000 water. in a new plant, to enable it to increase the metal rolling Dualoy 4000 is manufactured by Ciba-Geigy by a capacity and provide the means for rapid production of filament-winding process which has been developed the metal/foam sandwich. Polyisocyanurate foam is to give particularly good hoop strength, and therefore used, to a minimum thickness of 33mm. It is this thick ability to take high pressures for comparatively modest ness of foam that gives the panels a thermal trans wall thickness. mittance value of better than 0-6 W/m2 C. Already The pipe comes in 2in, 3in, 4in and 6in diameters and sucessfully used, during development trials, in a number the nominal pressure ratings vary between 400 psi (for of food processing factories, bottling plants, cold-stores the 2in pipe) and 175 psi (for the 6in pipe). The maxi and air conditioning plant rooms, the Unishield panels mum temperature which the pipe can withstand is 107 are expected to find uses in the construction of factories, degrees C (225 degree F),*and at this temperature the schools, etc, as well as refurbishment of existing pipe can carry steam, brine, crude oil, natural gas and buildings. a number of different chemicals including some acids, Cape Universal Cladding Limited, PO Box 165, glycols and salts. Tolpits, Watford, Herts WD1 8QZ. PART 7 ASBESTOS PACKING, SEALING AND COATING COMPOSITION 435. Nature of the Adsorption Interaction of Rubbers with Asbestos Fibres. G. E. Koldunovich et al., Kauchuki Rezina, 1979, (5), 29--30 (in Russian). Infrared evidence is presented to show that chemical bonds are formed between the OH groups on the surface of asbestos fibres and the double bonds of the butadiene rubbers or cyano groups of the nitrile rubbers. 436. German Patent Application No. 2747,892. Airdried Coatings. BASF Farben und Fasem A. G. Coatings for use in damp environments are formed from dispersion of pigments (e.g. Ti02), inorganic or organic fibres (e.g. 3--mm long asbestos fibres), granu lated foams (e.g. polystyrene foam) and fillers (e.g. talc); the medium is e.g. an acrylate-styrene copolymer latex. The composition is sprayed onto the surface to be protected (e.g. steel), and air-dried. The coating absorbs 114 up to 30% of sound, and up to 700g/m2 of moisture without sign of condensation. 437. U.S.S.R. Patent No. 654,665 Mastic for Air-tight Sealing. Kh. G. Gimush et al. Air- and water-impermeable sealings are formed from mastics containing a styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxide resin, epoxy ester resin, urea resin, coal tar resin, amine hardening agent, asbestos crumbs, gypsum dihydrate, microbarite, talc, aluminium powder, expanded belite binder and a solvent. 438. Bitumen Emulsion Mastics for Roofing Materials used in Regions having hot climate. M. G. Babaer and M. A. Mamenov. Stroit. Mater. 1979, No. 8,14-15. Title mastics (trade name BAEM) have improved plastic properties so that cracking is prevented. They Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV OOOS679 4QA. lission f fibre nania, iclude contain (in % by weight) petroleum bitumen 25--30, asbestos (VII or VIII grade) 20--25, and water 40--50. The asbestos serves as a filler and an emulsifier as well. Production of these mastics is described in detail, and their physical properties are quoted. 439. Japanese Patent No. 79 11,176 Coatings formed from Ethyl-Silicates. Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co. Smooth, hard, glossy coatings resistant to hot water, are formed on asbestos-cement tiles or steel surfaces, from a solution of ethyl-silicate in isopropyl alcohol, in which ethyl silicate is hydrolysed by addition of hydrochloric acid and water. A suspension of titanium dioxide is added. 440. Adhesives and Sealants. U.S. Dept, of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233, Apr. 1979, 8 p. MC77-1-28H-1 P. S0.35. This report presents preliminary statistical information for the Adhesives and Sealants industry from the 1977 Cenus of Manufactures. y new ires of i from brand profile nplete lights. )0,000 rolling :ion of 'am is thicktransJready umber -stores panels tones, xist> oisture ir-tight d from poxide .amine ydrate, belite PART 8 ASBESTOS PAPER AND INSULATING MATERIAL A. ASBESTOS FIBRE BASED installations consist of a moisture-proof metallic outer layer, and a foamed core containing asbestos and 441. Japanese Patent No. 79 08,667 Embossed Poly corrosion inhibitors, (mixt. of alkali metal carbonates, vinyl Chloride Sheets. borates, silicates, benzoates and nitrites). Lonseal Corp. Embossed PVC sheets used as floor coverings are prepared by printing asbestos paper in a decorative pattern with a paint containing a hardenable resin and B. NON ASBESTOS FIBRE BASED INSULATING MATERIALS a curing agent, and heating the product. The paint may contain additives, such as tricresyl phosphate plasticiser, a cadmium-barium compound used as a stabiliser, azodicarbonamide as a curing agent, stearyl alcohol, etc. 445. U.S. Patent 4, 146564. Process Forming a Mineral Wool Fibreboard Insulating Product. J. R. Garrick and R. E. Kottmeyer (to Armstrong Cork Co.) USP 4 146 442. U.S.S.R. Patent No. 628205 Electroconductive This process for forming a mineral wool, resin-bond Paper. accoustical insulating fibreboard product is disclosed. M. R. Skotnikova et ai. Electroconductive paper suitable for the production of flat, high-temperature heaters (withstands 300C) is manufactured from carbon fibres, semirigid chrysotile asbestos and polyvinyl alcohol fibres. 446. US Patent No. 4 148 962. Fibrous Refractory Composite Insulation. D. B. Leiser, H. E. Goldstein, and M. Smith, to Nat. Aeronautics & Space Admin. Apr. 10, 443. Japanese Patent No. 79 05,599 ARC-Resistant Electric Insulators. i Hitachi Chemical Co. Electric insulators are produced by mixing together asbestos, an inorganic powder, a silicone resin and a 1979, Appl. Sept. 8,1978. A refractory composite consisting essentially of aluminosilicate fibres and silica fibres in a weight ratio within the range of about 19:1 to 1:19 and about 0-5 to 30% boron oxide, based on the total weight of the fibres. binder. The mixture is moulded under pressure and then hardened at high temperature. Suitable additives include 447. British Patent No. 1 539 701. Flame Resistant | boric acid, aluminium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Glass Fibre Insulation. Saint-Gobain Inds. 444. German Patent Application No. 2737,495. This modification of BP 1 505 159,abstr. 100 39/78, Insulators in the form of Plates, Shells or Tubes. relates to the composition of a noncorrosive adhesive R. Ruoff-Schaefer. for insulation comprising a glass fibre web laminated to Insulators used in sanitation, heating and cooling a metal foil. CHAPTER 9. REFRACTORY FIBRES ateriils X Mater. proved . They Bulletin 448. Mechanical Properties and Surface defects of Boron Fibres Prepared in a Closed CVD System. J. O. Carlsson and T. Lundstroem. J. Mater. Sci. ! 1979,14(4), 966-974. Boron fibres produced by the chemical vapour depo sition (CVD) of BCI3 onto tungsten wires were studied. Asbestos Bulletin i A The tensile strength and surface defects depended on the deposition conditions and the fibre diameter. Fibres of maximal tensile strength are produced at considerably higher temperatures in a closer CVD system than in an open CVD system. Low fracture-stress boron fibres can be identified. 115 ASARCO ALV 0005680 1>i 449. Evaluation of Manufacturing Processes for Boron/ or coated boron fibres were produced by the diffusion Aluminium Composites Containing 0-2-mm- bonding method. Full theoretical strength and stiffness diameter Boron Fibres. were attained. T. J. Moore and P. E. Moorhead. NASA Tech. Memo. 1978. NASA-TM-79008. E-9792. 55pp. 454. Reinforcement of Aluminium with Boron Fibres The effects of starting materials and fabrication tech by the Resistance Sintering Process. niques on the properties of aluminium-boron fibre K. Akechi and Z. Hara. Trans. Japan Inst. Met composites were studied; 8-ply panels made from 5 1979,20(2), 51-56 (in English). different Al/B tapes were examined. Consolidation was A mixture of atomised aluminium powder (-150 accomplished by hot pressing in air or in vacuum. mesh) and boron fibres (diameter 200 microns) was subjected to resistance sintering for 1-2 -- 1-5 sec. The 450. Impurity-Activated Growth of Zirconium Nitride tensile strength of aluminium containing 20 vol.% of Whiskers by Chemical Vapour Deposition. boron fibres was 500 MPa. S. Motojima. J. Mater. Sci. 1979, 14(6), 1495-1499. Zirconium nitride (ZrN) whiskers were grown from a gas mixture containing zirconium tetrachloride, nitrogen, hydrogen and argon. Prior to the deposition, the sub strate was coated with metal, preferably platinium, iron or maganese. Thin whiskers of phylloid crystals or pillar crystals were obtained. 455. U.S. Patent 4,14S,471 Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite. E. G. Kendall and R. T. Pepper (to Fibre Materials Inc.) A carbon fibre reinforced metal matrix comprises a continuous multifilament carbon fibre; a metal boride film coating substantially all surfaces of the carbon fibre: and a metal matrix material infiltrated throughout 451. Graphite Crystallisation. I. Minkoff. Prep. Prop. Solid State Mater. 1979, 4,1-48 (in English). and adhered to the multifilament fibre. This patent is a division of USP 4 082 864, abstr, 7508/78. A survey is presented of the literature dealing with the formation of single crystals and fibres of graphite; 55 references. 456. Manufacturing Systems, Properties and Appli cation of Metal Fibres. T. Wozniak. Tech. Slok. 28: 35-36 Feb. 1979. 452. Japanese Patent No. 79 03,680 Boron Carbide Fibres. Suwa Seikosha Co. Ltd. Boron carbide (B4C) fibres are produced by reacting In Polish. The manufacturing systems of metal fibres are des cribed and their physicomechanical properties and trends in their use are considered. 18 refs. elemental boron or boric oxide with graphite at 10001700C in a reducing atmosphere, e.g. in hydrogen. The fibres have a diameter of 0-1-0-2 micron, and length 20 microns. They can be used as reinforcement for composites. 457. U.S. Patent 4,144,195 High Temperature Resistant, Heat Insulating Ceramic Material. J. Siebels (to Volkswagenwerk AG). A high temperature resistant, heat insulating, sintered, ceramic material formed from a starting mixture com prising a mixture of 30 to 60 volume % aluminium 453. Fibre-Reinforced Titanium Composite Materials. oxide powder and 70 to 40 volume alumina-silica fibres, J. F. Dolowy et al. Natl. SAMPE Symp. Exhib. the powder and fibres being sintered together at tem (Proc). 1979. 24 (2, Enigma Eighties: Environ., peratures between about 1200 and about 1550 C for Econ. Energy, Book 2), 1443--1450. about 10 to 50 hours so that alpha-aluminium oxide Titanium composites reinforced with silicon carbide is present in the sintered material, is described. PART 10 COMPANY NEWS, TENDERS, CONTRACTS 458. BBA Group First Half 1979 Results. The Daily Telegraph August 31,1979. BBA Group should be heading for pre-tax profits of between 8-5 million and 9 million this year compared with 7-6 million in 1978 if the board's forecast of a "significant increase" is any guide. This is thanks largely to the absence of last year's damaging strike losses which cost about 750,000 in the second half. First half pre-tax profits show a mere 3 p.c. increase from 3-71 million to 3-82 million after a near onefifth increase in finance charges to 974,000, reflecting a 4-5 million rise in group borrowings in the period, and a 330,000 rise in depreciation to 2,390,000. Within this United Kingdom profits are almost 30 p.c. or 611,00 lower at 1-54 million while overseas profits, on the back of further recovery at the German Textar subsidiary, are up by 46 p.c. or 721,00 to 2-28 million, despite the strength of sterling. The United Kingdom downturn was partly due to the effects of the road hauliers' strike, particulary on auto motive replacement sales which the group has been unable to recover, and more importantly to losses of 116 Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV 0005681 ffusion Hffhesj Fiore* -Met, (-150 is) was The >1.% of Mttrix aterials irises a boride carbon ughout . abstr. Appli- 1979. re des:s and sL ntered, e comninium fibres, it temfC for . oxide period, 3. 30 p.c. verseas ',erman 00' to to the i auto; been sses of Bulletin jround 300,000 at the Regina-Fibreglass joint ven(ure with Pilkington. Break-even volume is now in sight here and secondhalf order completions at the Sovex Marshall mech anical handling contracting subsidiary should also take this company out of the red. The problems at Regina-Fibreglass, reflecting the loss of capital allowances benefits, have led to a sharply higher published tax charge but on a fully taxed basis the price/eamings ratio for this year is less than 7 with the shares at 47p. Drawing a line through the 20 p.c. increase in the net interim dividend the shares yield a prospective 8 p.c. covered 2-7 times by full-taxed earinings. This is solid support for the shares, despite the dullish underlying trading background, and this should be enhanced by the group's promised first-ever revaluation of land and buildings in the end-year balance sheet. 459. Turner and Newall, First Half 1979 Results. Financial Times Sept. 10,1979. Taxable profits of Turner and Newall, the automotive components, chemical and construction material group, fell by 2-5m in the first half of 1979. Trading profits declined in the UK but those of the overseas operations increased. The midway pre-tax surplus fell from 21-3m to 18-8m on turnover ahead from 270m to 294-7m. But the directors say the second half should be better than the first. The interim dividend is being held at 4-5p net and the Board intends a same-again total for the full year of 11 -5p. Last year taxable profits were 39-6m. Reporting on the year-end results the directors warned of the effects of the road haulage dispute and of inflationary wage settlements. They added that the overseas picture was more encouraging. The directors now say that high UK interest rates and the strength of sterling if prolonged, will make increased profitability difficult. However, UK results in the second-half should benefit from the new PVC and insulation glass plants coming on stream. Overseas profits are expected to continue to improve. At midway trading profits in the UK fell 2m to 10-8m. The European side raised the surplus lm to 2-6m, and overseas by l-5m to 114m. After tax of 8-5m (9-8m) stated earnings per 1 share are down from 10-02p to 7-2p. The pre-tax profit was struck after expenses of 2-lm (l-5m), and associated companies: financing charges up from 4-lm to 5-6m. After minorities of 2-5m, against 2-lm, the attri butable profit is down from 9-4m to 7-8m. 460. Cape Industries Ahead Halfway Financial Times October 3,1979. Taxable surplus of Cape Industries, building, auto motive and engineering, group came out ahead from 5-5m to 6-21m for the first half of 1979 on turnover UP 15-5m at 102m. Asbestos Bulletin Sales and profits were badly affected in the opening months of the period by the severe winter and the road haulage strike, but the ground lost was made up by June 30, the directors explain. Agreement was reached on June 29 for the sale of the group's mining division to Transvaal Consolidated Land and Exploration. The directors say they intend to replace the profits lost through this sale as quickly as possible. They reasonably expect that this will be achieved in the current year, though much will depend on the effects of industrial disputes throughout the country. Figures for the period include profits of the mining side up to J une 29. Earnings are shown as 21-4p (19-6p) per 25p share and the interim dividend is raised to 3-9p against 3-1948p -- last year's final was 5-969 lp paid from profits of 12-7m. Pre-tax figure for the six months was struck after higher depreciation of 3-44m compared with 2-8 6m, interest of l-34m (l-3m), and was subject to a l-07m (799,000) tax charge. Turnover Bldg, and insulation Auto and engin'g Mining Less inter-div Trading profit Bldg, and insulation Auto, and engin'g Mining Associates Depreciation Interest Profits before tax Tax UK Overseas Net profit Minorities loss Extraord. debits Retained First half 1979 1978 000 000 102,047 86,519 62,878 50,273 28,455 26,420 11,134 10,839 420 1,013 7,546 6,796 5,378 3,652 616 1,215 1,459 1,851 93 78 3,440 2,861 1,338 1,297 6,208 5,499 1,074 799 673 389 401 410 5,134 4,700 8-- 110 87 4,092 3,823 The directors state that the building and insulation division continued to show satisfactory results; particu larly notable was the increase in profit from cladding products and a further strong advance in insulation, they say. The automotive and engineering division found it more difficult to recover from the early disruption, the directors add. 461. Improvements in Woodsreef Mines Ltd. Operating Results. Industrial Minerals July 1979. In it's results for the six months to April 30th, 117 i i ; ASARCO ALV 0005682 Woodsreef Mines Ltd. continued to show an improve ment in its operating results, but overall the company TENDERS - WORLD BANK ASSISTED PROJECTS still showed quite a substantial loss. For the six month 467. Marocco period the asbestos producer incurred a loss of AS3-05m although this was 18% lower than the loss for the equiva lent period in 1978. The reason for these improved results was a 29% increase in sales and the company Portable Weber Second Project for Agadir and Casablanca Towns. This tender calls for delivery of pressure pipes (3a 12 bars) Details from Le Directeur general de l'Onep CCP -- Rabat 106-11 Maroc reports that firm orders for 1979 are already 25%, higher than the previous years shipments. 468. Botswana Second Water Supply Project. CONTRACTS The Government of the Republic of Botswana has applied for a loan from the World Bank in various Advance Factories Financial Times. Monday September 17. 1979. English Industrial Estates Corporation has announced the following advance factories contracts: currencies equivalent approximately to USS 4 million to assist the Government in financing the cost of the Second Water Supply Project, consisting of the aug mentation of the water supply to the town of Francistown and of the engineering investigations and preliminary design relative to the raising of the 462. Tarmac Construction award 466,500 from Department of Industry for 23,000 square ft. and another 10,000 square ft. at No. 1 site, Consett, Co. Durham. Gaborone Dam. Details of tender from: Water Utilities Corporation P.O.Box 127 Gaborone Botswana S ; ' 1 463. A. Lax and Sons award 163,000 from Develop ment Commission at Tax Law, Co. Durham for a terrace unit type divisible into two units each of 2,500 square ft. 464. J. G. Green award 106,000 from Development Commission at Alnwick, Northumberland, for 5,000 square feet, also including site development works. 469. Chile Advance Information. Water Supply--to 22 cities around Concepcion, and technical assistance. Preappraisal mission is sched uled for this month. Possible financing USS 15 million, World Bank. 465. Mowlem at Milton Keynes. Financial Times. Monday September 17. 1979. Workshop units for small businesses at Monks Way, H3, Milton Keynes are to be built under a l-2m con tract awarded to John Mowlem by the Development Corporation. The 28 buildings will be on a development called the Bradwell Abbey Workshop Scheme and will be either attached or separate and grouped around two concrete courtyards. They will vary in size from 90 to 225 square metres, and construction will be of traditional cavity brickwork walls with roofs of coated asbestos sheeting on steel frames and beams. Ancillary work includes installing site roads, two concrete courtyards, drainage and services. 466. Atlas Turner Five Year Contract to Supply Asbestos-Cement Panels Industrial Minerals July 1979. Atlas Turner, a Canadian subsidiary of Turner and Newall Ltd. has won a contract worth CS23m. (10m.). The contract is over 5 years and is to supply asbestos panels for cooling towers at power stations in the USA. Deliveries are scheduled to begin in August. 118 470. Malawi. Blantyre Water Supply Project. Credit number 711-MAI The Government of the Republic of Malawi has received a credit of USS 7 million from the International Development Association (IDA) to finance part of Phase V of the project. Other financing is being provided by the African Development Fund, the Commonwealth Development Corporation and the Blantyre Water Board (BWB). Procurement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the respective lending agencies' agreements. The BWB is undertaking Phase V extensions of water supply facilities for the City of Blantyre and its suburbs at a total cost of USS 18 million. The components to be financed by IDA are: Supply and installation of pipes up to 700 mm in diameter of which about 11 kilometres would be in sizes of 600 mm or larger. Interested suppliers and contractors may obtain full particulars concerning the appropriate prequalification from: The Engineer/Manager Blantyre Water Board P.O. Box 30369 Chichiri Blantyre 3 Malawi Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV 0005683 ECTS : PART 11 ASBESTOS HEALTH HAZARDS-PRECAUTIONS eiy'of rectear aa has 'arious nillion of the e augvn of as and if the pcion, sched- svi has itional art of ovided wealth Board os and ments. ms of and its mm in be in in full ication 3uUetifi 471. Asbestos Health & Safety Commission, Newsletter August 1979. The Commission and Ministers have received the final report of the Advisory Committee on Asbestos and the text has been sent for printing. Publication is expected in,the Autumn. The final report represents the culmination of the Advisory Committee's work. During its work the Com mittee has examined information on the use of asbestos in the workplace and the ways in which the general public might come into contact with it, the medical effects of exposure to asbestos, and the existing control provisions, as the basis for considering recommendations for new legal and administrative controls. Since their appointment, members of the Advisory Committee have provided and received a large volume of information and advice on asbestos and in June 1978 published two reports on aspects of asbestos which they considered to be of particular importance: thermal and acoustic insulation and sprayed coatings (HMSO, 50p. ISBN Oil 883083X) and the measurement and moni toring of asbestos in the air (HMSO, 1, ISBN 0 11 883084X). The final report will be published in two volumes. Volume I will contain the main text of the report and supporting annexes and Volume II will contain appen dices of papers commissioned by the Advisory Com mittee during its work. The Commission has advised Ministers that the publication of both volumes should be followed by a consultation period. 472. The Virginia State Board of Health, Asbestos Regulation. Industrial Minerals July 1979. The Virginia State Board of Health recently approved in principle to make asbestos and benzene class 1 toxic substances. As a result the state is taking steps to require that companies handling more than 1,000kg per year of the substances file reports on their use, although final regulations are not expected until August. 473. Measurements of Collection Efficiency of Nuclepore Filters for Asbestos Fibres. J. W. Gentry, Univ. of Maryland, and K. R. Spumy, Inst, for aerobiologie, Grafshaft, J. Colloid & Interface Sci. 65, No. 1: 174-180 June 1,1978. The collection efficiency of amosite fibres using nuclepore filters NPF was measured by two techniques; gravimetrically, using the activity of radioactively labelled amosite, and optically, with a Model 221 Royco. For NPF with large pores, penetration increased with velocity, suggesting a greater degree of alignment 14 Tefs. 474. The Infrared Analysis of Quartz and Asbestos. J. P. Coates. Int. Environ. Saf. (March--April), 18-21. A survey is presented on the literature relating to the infrared analysis of quartz and asbestos; 30 references. 475. Asbestos and Silicate Pollution (Citations from the Engineering Index Data Base). D. M. Cavagnaro. Report, 1978. Order No. NTIS/ PS-78/1245.180pp. A survey is performed and bibliography is presented of worldwide research relating to the detection, sampling and chemical analysis of silicates and asbestos in waters, air and soil; 175 references. 476. X-Ray Analysis of Airborne Asbestos. Final Report: Design and Construction of a Prototype Asbestos Analyzer. L. S. Birks, J. V. Guilfrich and J. W. Sandelin. Report 1978. EPA/600/2-78/194. Order No. PB--288512.27 pp. A prototype asbestos analyzer incorporates the principle of broad-beam x-ray optics. A special fibrealigned sample is used. Two detectors simultaneously measure the diffracted signal and the background. A chromium-target spectrographic tube is used. A beam trap is a very important component of the apparatus; it reduces the back-scattered noise signal. 477. Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings. Federal Register 44: 17790-17791 Mar. 23, 1979. The Environmental Protection Agency is initiating a nationwide information and technical assistance program to encourage States and school districts to identify and control exposure problems caused by asbestos-containing materials in school buildings. 478. Ingested Mineral Fibres: Elimination in Human Urine. P. M. Cook and G. F. Olson (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (Letter to the Editor) Science 204: 195-198 Apr. 13, 1979. The authors share their observations that sediment in human urine examined by transmission electron micros copy contains amphibole fibres which originate from the ingestion of drinking water contaminated with fibres. This provides the first direct evidence for the passage of mineral fibres through the human gastro-intestinal mucosa under normal conditions of the alimentary canal, 25 refs. 479. Drywall Construction and Asbestos Exposure. A. Fischbein et al. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1979, 40(5). 402--407. SpackUng, patching and joining compounds were analyzed. The major constituent is plaster of Paris. Minor constituents included asbestos. Taping workers were examined; pulmonary asbestosis was found in 40-9% Chronic bronchitis was also reported. 480. Insulation Firms Face Rule on Disclosure Product Effectiveness. The Wall Street Journal August 24th 1979. Trade Commission approved a rule that requires makers and sellers of home insulation to tell customers how effective their insulation is. Asbestos Bulletin 119 i: - ' I !i i ASARCO ALV 0005684 The rule, which will take effect in November, requires 484. Johns-Manville Corp. Comments on Asbestos disclosure of the "R-value," or resistance to heat changes, Publicity & Compensation. of insulation. The higher the "R-value," the better the [Reprinted from the 1978 annual report of insulation. FTC officials said the rule was needed Johns-Manvile Corporation] because many consumers bought insulation based either on its thickness or price, although neither reflects the quality of the product. The rule requires manufacturers to disclose the "Rvalue" on labels on the insulation and in advertising. They must also give sellers fact sheets explaining the term and sellers must give them to customers. The "Rvalue" is to be determined by a standard test developed by the American Society of Testing and Materials, a private standard-setting group. "During the past year a great deal of publicity has appeared in the media about asbestos health hazardsmost of it attacking the corporation and nearly all of it needlessly inflammatory. Your corporation has acted honorably over the years and has led the asbestos industry, medical science and the federal government in identifying and seeking to eliminate asbestos health problems. Claims that Johns-Manville did not inform its employees and the public of the hazards and that we tried to hide information concerning the potential hazards of asbestos are unfounded. Also, the media had 481. Cases in Court. Protection, August 1979, p21. Lagging on demolition site was used as aggregate for concrete mixing. When the Inspector took samples of the lagging and sent them away for analysis, it was found that most of the samples contained some asbestos and 3 of the samples contained crocidolite or blue asbestos. Pro hibition Notices were served on the demolition con tractor stopping all further work on the site until the necessary precautions had been taken. When further enquiries were made, it was found that the firm which owned the building and site had taken advice from consultant engineers before the demolition work was started. The advice that they had received from these consultants set out in detail the precautions to be taken during demolition, including such safety matters as ensuring that all electrical services were dead, but made no mention of the possibility that the lagging might contain asbestos and gave no guidance at all about opportunities over a long period of years to assist in helping to protect the health of those over-exposed to asbestos by emphasizing the dramatic adverse impact and direct connection of smoking to lung cancer. How ever, they either remained silent or presented data in a manner that would soften its impact. "Attention today should not be on assessing blame, but on how those suffering from asbestos-related diseases can be properly and fairly compensated. This is why we, as a company, are encouraging legislation which would establish uniform, equitable and comprehensive means of providing compensation for asbestos-related occu pational disease. Throughout history, whenever there has been adversity or tragedy, men have sought a scapegoat. And, even today, it appears that our legal system is more concerned with finding a fault for every undesire happening than with providing fair and reasonable com pensation for the consequences of such happenings. "In years past people were exposed to airborne the way that the lagging should be removed. asbestos particles in excess of what is now considered a When the case was heard before a stipendiary magis trate, both the demolition contractors and the con sultant pleaded guilty to the charges against them and fines of 1,400 were imposed on the contractors and 400 on the consultant. safe exposure level In 1938, limits for exposure to asbestos were recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service and adopted shortly thereafter by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and these limits were accepted by industry as safe working conditions for employees. Further, these levels were 482. Asbestos Fallout at Johns-Manville. S. Solomon. Fortune 99: 196-198, 202, 204, 206 May 7,1979. Johns-Manville is being deluged with lawsuits by workers suffering from asbestos related diseases. The company's liability and ability to pay claimants is discussed along with potential alternative compensation programs. accepted without criticism by government health officials and the medical and scientific communities over 30 years. Knowledge subsequently gained has shown the earlier research to be incomplete. This is the simple fact, not sensational... but true. In fact, in 1946, eminent scientists employed by the United States Navy studied several shipyards and concluded that insulation work was `not a dangerous occupation'--a finding which went uncriticized and unchallenged in American medical literature for almost 20 years. 483. Johns-Manville to Stand Trial for Suppressing "The media and government have ignored the con Asbestos-Hazard Evidence. nection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, the Chem. Week 124: 25 May 16, 1979. most serious and insidious of diseases in asbestos* California Superior Court judge has ruled that Johns- workers. Manville Products Corporation must stand trial on "J-M stands ready to join with responsible parties to charges of suppressing evidence of asbestos-related seek adequate and uniform compensation for asbestos- health hazards to workers. A total of 225 workers, related illnesses. Such a system would, in all probability, claiming illness from lung cancer or from asbestosis, entail as great or greater costs to J-M than continuing have filed suit against the company. litigation since the evidence clearly supports the con- 120 Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV 0005685 Asbestos PC-' city has azardsy all of Oft hgj asbestos imentia s health inform that we >otential edia had assist in Josed to impact :r. How. lata in a l blame, diseases why we, h would e means d occuhere has apegoaL astern is undesire ble comtgs ai e idered a asure to e Health onerican ists, and working els were health munities ned has lis is the in 1946, :es Navy isulation finding .merican the conicer, the asbestos- arties to, isbestosbability, ntinuing the con ; Bulletin clusion that J-M acted positively and progressively, Clinical Trials Unit at Oxford, suggests the death rate j consistent with medical and scientific knowledge. A may be 25 times as high. compensation system to replace lawsuits in appro Mrs Nancy Tait, secretary of the Society for the priate situations continues to gain favor among industry, Prevention of Asbestosis and Industrial Disease, says labor, academic, professional task forces within the that many deaths from cancer and asbestosis would be federal government and members of Congress. caused by the proposed new standard. "Concerning the use of asbestos spray materials in The committee also proposes cutting the permitted die construction of schools or other public buildings limit for brown (amosite) asbestos, which it believes (products not made or sold by J-M], the facts are that causes more cancer than white asbestos, and it wants the use of such materials `has not been shown to be to ban the most dangerous form of the mineral, blue hazardous.' Nevertheless, a well-designed program to (or crocidolite), from Britain altogether. detemine the presence of airborne asbestos fibres in The committee accepts that some workplaces will such buildings would be prudent. Should excessive not be able to meet the new standards and says that levels be discovered, programs to seal or remove the people should be kept out of them as much as material would be in order. possible. "In most of our asbestos-containing products, the It also proposes radical new rules that will force firms fibres are `locked in' by cement, plastic or other binders; using asbestos to satisfy the Health and Safety Executive such fibres are not easily released during normal that they have considered alternatives. Merely saying that handling and application. We are confident that, with the alternatives would be more expensive would not be proper precautions, asbestos and asbestos-containing enough. products can continue to be used without a health risk. Employers would have to provide protective clothing "Adherence to present standards for the safe handling and workers would not be allowed to take it home for of asbestos products will prevent asbestos-related disease cleaning; asbestos workers' wives have contracted in and, in time, virtually eliminate the disease from the curable disease from cleaning their husbands' clothes. work place." And since smokers are more prone to lung cancer from 485. Press Comments Asbestos code `is not tough enough' asbestos than non-smokers, all asbestos workers would be advised to give up the habit. by Geoffrey Lean and Max Madden. The Observer, 486. Glass Fibre Hazards Shatter Common Safety Front 9. Sept. 1979. Lawrence McGinty. New Scientist, 7 June 1979. New measures for controlling asbestos, to be pro A long-awaited report from an official Health and posed by a special Government committee later this Safety Executive (HSE) working party on the health year, are certain to be vigorously attacked as too lax. hazards of man-made mineral fibres (glass fibre, rock The recommendations, a copy of which has reached wool and so on) reveals a deep split between trade The Observer, include a proposal to halve the most unions and employers' representatives on the working common type of asbestos permitted in factory air. Some party. evidence presented to the committee suggests that, even The split is shown by two minority statements so one out of every 20 people working under such con appended to the working party's report. In one, the ditions may die as a result. Trades Union Congress nominees on the working party The recommendations are by the Advisory Committee dissent from one of the main recommendations of the on Asbestos, set up by the last Government in 1976 report--that the safety standard for man-made mineral during the outcry that followed an investigation by the fibres (MMMF) in industry should be 5 fibres/cu.cm. Ombudsman into an asbestos factory at Hebden Bridge, The trade union view is that the standard should be Yorkshire. There, more than 20 former workers have lower--3 fibres/cu.cm. In the other dissenting view died and 260 have contracted asbestosis and cancer. three employer nominees on the working party (from Asbestos has been one of the biggest industrial killers Cape and Newalls) argue that there should be no change among pollutants, and it is assumed that no level of from the current safety standard for these fibres. exposure to it is absolutely safe. The working party's report says that skin irritation The most controversial recommendation is to halve is a "well-known and common" cause of complaint the maximum permitted level of white (chrysotile) when using MMMF. It also says that "substantial ex asbestos in the air. If the limit is adopted Britain will posures" can lead to transitory throat irritation (and join Sweden in having the strictest controls on white calls for more research to show whether this really is asbestos (the most common variety) anywhere in the transitory). For this reason, it argues the MMMF are world. The asbestos industry is expected to accept it, not "biologically inert" and therefore should not be hut it will not satisfy anti-asbestos campaigners who treated as "nuisance dusts" as they now are (and are believe that the level should be very much lower. subject to a safety limit of 10 milligrams/cu.m). In The committee has chosen the new limit because it stead there is a proposal for a new safety standard of believes that only one in every 500 people who work 5 mg/cu.m for man-made mineral fibres. The three with this level of asbestos will die as a result. employer members of the working party dissent from But research by Mr Julian Peto, of the Imperial this recommendation, but three other employer Cancer Research Fund's Cancer Epidemiology and nominees, unconnected with fibre industry, do not. Asbestos Bulletin 121 li ii i i ASARCO ALV 0005686 But the most controversial section of the report deals awarded when the boards decided the illness is work- with the possibility that MMMF, and glass fibres in related and is disabling a patient or has caused his death. particular, could cause mesothelioma--the rare cancer of the lining of the lung and abdomen caused by asbestos. There is no evidence from studies of workers exposed to glass fibre to support this possibility, but animal studies show that glass fibres implanted into the Where the worker has died, the boards carry out inde pendent post-mortem investigations. Once the coroner's pathologist has finished his examination, the internal organs are sent to the boards to decide whether the disease caused or `materially accelerated' death. flank of rats produce mesotheliomas--as do asbestos The DHSS claims there are `comparatively very few' fibres. The report says: "Although no human cancer risk disagreements between the board and coroners' patho has been proven we cannot ignore the implications of logists. But five senior specialists say they are `common.' animal studies and consider that it would be prudent to The DHSS's own figures reveal 183 disputes last year. regard these fibres with suspicion." More than 80 per cent of them arose when the boards Because the scientific evidence is so inconclusive, the contradicted pathologists' findings of pneumoconiosis working party does not recommend a safety standard. as a cause of death. Instead it puts forward a "control level". It says that Pathologists, says the DHSS, sometimes record the the "over-riding aim" should be to "prevent exposure presence of the disease on the death certificate without where it is reasonably practicable to do so and to keep intending to identify it as a major cause of death, and as low as is reasonably practicable any exposure which this partly accounts for the disagreement. But it claims cannot be avoided". Where it is not reasonably practic the boards are more likely to be right, since they have able to keep levels lower than the 5 mg/cu.m gravi more experience in diagnosing chest disease. metric control limit or the 5 fibres/cu.cm limit, workers In at least half of the cases, the union officials say, the should wear respiratory protection. The working party independent specialist agrees with the pathologist and says that the construction industry (where levels of not the board; the widow appeals and gets her pension. MMMF are particularly high) should be given three years In other cases the boards' post-mortem examinations to introduce new control measures (which it lists in convince them, too late, of the validity of a claim. detail). The DHSS, however, says such mistakes are rare and The trade unions' dissenting view says that it is reason that the boards find they have erred more often on the ably practicable to impose a standard of 3 fibres/cu.cm. side of the claimant than against him. Initially trade union representatives on the committee Even when the boards do diagnose pneumoconiosis, argued for a limit of 1 fibre/cu.cm. An early draft of the critics say, the DHHS doctors usually decide that the working party's report suggested that 3 fibres/cu.cm was patients are less disabled than independent consultants an attainable standard and that the trade unionists were judge them to be. prepared to compromise and agree to this level. Appar ently, the report was then revised to include a higher limit because of pressure from the fibre industry. The report has already been passed to the HSE's Sufferers are given a disability rating assessed as a percentage and the pension is fixed accordingly ranging from 3.19 to 31.90. I was given details of only one case where the boards pitched the extent of the disable Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances (ACTS) and to the Health and Safety Commission. The trade union dissenting view asked the commission to give the report's recommendations the backing of law by making them the basis of an approved code of practice, but the commission refused. Both ACTS and the commission include employers' and trade union representatives, so there is likely to be further sharp political debate on this contentious issue. ment higher than had the independent consultants. In the middle are many confused men and women. Mr Jack Ingham, of Hebden Bridge, who was told by two specialists he has asbestosis but was rejected by the boards, told me: `It's a big worry. Have I got it or haven't I? I want to know definitely. Have I got to wait till I die for an inquest to decide?' A DHSS official found this hard to understand. `If there wasn't any money at stake, most people would be highly delighted to be told they had not got asbestosis,' 487. `Arrogant' Experts Refuse Compensation, he said. by Geoffrey Lean. Observer 19 Aug 1979. I was told by a DHHS doctor that claimants are ex Health Department doctors are being accused of amined for about half an hour on average. But some arrogance by putting themselves above coroners' courts rejected claimants complain independently that ex and refusing to pay widows' compensation, even where aminations have been brief and cursory and they have inquests decided that workers died from industrial been made to feel like `spongers.' diseases. Some complain that the boards ask them: `What are These complaints follow last week's allegations in The you coming here again for?' Mr Cyril Green, 20 years Observer of Government meanness towards sufferers and an asbestos worker in Barking and Hebden Bridge, says their dependants who cannot prove conclusively that the he was asked by a board how the disease affected him. _ illness was brought on by their work. When he said he had been unable to have sex with his The DHSS Pneumoconiosis Medical Boards are res wife for four years, he was told: `There's no law that ponsible for diagnosing such diseases as miner's pneumo says the man has got to be the active partner.' coniosis, byssinosis and asbestosis. A state pension is Mr Thomas Simmons of Elland, Yorkshire, 70 Pcr 122 Asbestos Bulletin ASARCO ALV OOOS687 is wort is death. V C. _ internal ;ther the /ery few* s' pathoammon.' last year. ie boards oconiosis cord the without :ath, and it claims hey have s say,the agist and pension, linations n. rare and n on the iconiosis, that the nsultants sed * a t: g only one j disablelts. imen. Mr 1 by two 1 by the ;ot it or t to wait tand. `U vould be bestosis,' s are exut some that exiey have iVhat are 20 yean jge, says i him. with his taw that 70 per s Bulletin ,-ent disabled with byssinosis, says that when he was i grst examined in his home, wheezing, one doctor said to pother: `In a bit he'll blow himself out'--suggesting be was putting it on. Mrs Nancy Tait, Secretary of the Society for the prevention of Asbestosis and Industrial Diseases, which telps victims to claim benefit, says the boards' attitude js deplorable. [Human, Asbestosis Diagnosis Immunology Occur rence Radiography, Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Aetiology, Case Report, Geography, HL-A Antigens Physiology, Lung Neoplasms Aetiology, Lung Radiography, Mesothelioma Aetiology, England] Halifax Hospital Group, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. 4$8. Asbestos Check. The Daily Telegraph 1979. About one million Swedes who have been in contact with asbestos at work are to be tested for cancer. The .-heck follows the discovery that 15 out of 50 men working with asbestos at a Gothenburg factory had developed lung cancer. ASBESTOS ASSOCIATED DISEASE-RECENT FINDINGS 489. Development of an animal model, techniques, and an exposure system to study the effects of asbestos cement dust inhalation. (English) Wehner, A. P., Dagle, G. E., Cannon, W. C., Environm. Res., 16, 393-407, Jul. 78. [Animal, Hamsters, Aerosols, Asbestos Admini stration and Dosage, Calcium, Construction Materials, Disease Models Animal, Lung Pathology, Macrophages Pathology, Mesocricetus, Methods, Pneumoconiosis Aetiology Pathology, Time Factors] Biology Department, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington, USA. 490. The effects of asbestos cement dust inhalation on baboons. (English) Goldstein, B., Webster, I., Rendall, R. E., Skikne, M. I. (Animal, Baboons, Monkeys, Asbestos, Asbestosis Pathology, Calcium, Construction Materials, Lung Ultrastructure, Pneumoconiosis Chemically Induced Pathology] National Research Institute for Occupational Diseases of the South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa. 491. A radiological follow-up study of the effect of asbestos in dockyard workers at Devonport. (English) Grant McMillan, G. H., Sheers, G., Pethybridge, R., J. roy. nav. med. Serv., 64, 88-104, Summer 78. [Human, Asbestos Adverse Effects. Environmental Exposure, Follow-up Studies, Naval Medicine, Pleural Diseases, Pulmonary Fibrosis Aetiology Radiography, Smoking Complications, England] 492. Pulmonary asbestosis with special reference to an epidemic at Hebden Bridge. The Milroy lecture, 1978. (English) Mann.B., J. roy. ColLPhycns. Land., 12, 297-307, JuL 78. 493. Mesothelioma in the United States. Incidence in the 1970's. (English) Hinds, M. W.,/. occup. Med., 20, 469-71, JuL 78. [Human, Asbestosis Complications, Geography, Mesothelioma Aetiology Occurrence, United States] Occupational Health Section. Washington State Department of Social Health Service, Olympia, Washington, USA. 494. How the industrial physician can reduce mortality from asbestos-related diseases. (English) Levine, R. J.,/. occup. Med., 20,464-8, JuL 78. [Human, Asbestosis Complications, Gastroin testinal Neoplasms Aetiology Mortality Prevention and Control, Lung Neoplasms Aetiology Mortality Prevention an Control, Neoplasms Aetiology Mortality Prevention and Control, Occupational Diseases Mortality Prevention and Control, Smoking, Review] Center Occupational Environmental Safety and Health, SRI International Menlo Park, California, USA. 495. Exposure to employees to man-made mineral fibres: mineral wool production. (English) Esmen, N. A., Hammad, Y. Y., Corn, M., Whittier, D., Kotsko, N., Haller, M., Kahn, R. A., Environm. Res., 15, 262-77, Apr. 78. [Air Pollution Analysis, Asbestos Analysis, Com parative Study, Dust Analysis, Environmental Exposure, Glass Analysis, Microscopy Electron, Microscopy Phase Contrast, Particle Size] Department of Industrial Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 496. Respiratory function in asbestos workers. (Italian) Scotti, P., Aresini, G., Beretta, E., Med. Lav,, 69, (3 Suppl.), 471-8, Jun. 78. [Human, Asbestos, Asbestosis Physiopathology, Environmental Exposure, Respiration, Respiratory Function Tests, English Abstract] 497. Asbestosis: evaluation of non-radiological indi cators. (Italian) Chiappino, G., Bertazzi, P. A., Beccalossi, F., Med. Lav., 69, (3 SuppL), 281-97, Jun. 78. [Human, Asbestosis Diagnosis, Lung Pathology, Respiratory Function Tests, Sputum Cytology, English Abstract] Asbestos Bulletin 123 i i I i ASARCO ALV 0005688 CJ Sv I I ! 498. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and lysozyme in silicosis and asbestosis. (English) Gronhagen-Riska, C., Kurppa, K., Fyhrquist, F., Selioos, O., Scand. J., resp. Dis., 59, 228-31, Aug. 78. [Human, Asbestosis Enzymology, Diagnosis Dif ferential, Kininase II Blood, Sarcoidosis Enzy mology, Silicosis Enzymology] IV Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 499. Lung cancer after employment in shipyards during World War II. (English) Blot, W. J., Harrington, J. M., Toledo, A., Hoover, R., Heath, C. W., Jr., Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., New Engl. J. Med., 229, 620-4, 21 Sept. 78. [Human, Asbestos Adverse Effects, Environmental Exposure, Lung Neoplasms Aetiology Occurrence, Ships, Smoking Complications, Time Factors, War, Georgia] Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 500. Industrial Dermatitis. Part 2. Priu.a,, irritation i Ind. Launderer 30: 55, 57, 59 Apr. 1979. " Causes of occupational primary irritation dermatitit how specific agents act upon the skin, and methods^ controlling dermatitis are discussed. ,r 501. Proposed Health Effects Test Standards for Toife Substances Control Act Test Rules. Federal Register 44: 27334--27362 May 9, 1979, This EPA action proposes test standards for the development of data on the chronic health effects of chemical substances and mixtures for which testing will be required under the Toxic Substances Control Act. This proposal provides standards for testing for oncogenic effects, other chronic effects, and combined oncogenic and non-oncogenic effects, by prescribing standards relating to experimental design, the conduct of tests, data evaluation, and other test requirements. 124 Asbestos Bulletin .I ASARCO ALV 0005689