Document LJo96DwGKDe68wJywxdpqoMwq

--* Monsanto Chemicals-Plastics __k/4________ AROCLORS* As Used in Chlorinated Rubber Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-124 January lf 1948 Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis 4, Mo. AROCLORS. chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated poly-phenyls, are effective plasti cizers and resins for chlorinated rubber base lacquers, varnishes and paints. These protective coatings are used where flame resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, i.e., resistance to adds, alkalies and water, and good electrical insulating properties are required. Some of the important applications for these protective and decorative coatings for wood, metal, brick, stone, concrete and fabric surfaces include: 1. Wood and metal used in the construction of yachts, barges and other marine craft. 2. Structural steel for bridges, buildings, roofs and power-line structures. 3. Structural materials used at chemical plants, pulp and paper mills, textile mills, . petroleum refineries and gas works where protection against add fumes, alkalies and gas is essential. 4. For the protection of tank cars and other rolling stock and construction machinery against corrosive materials and weathering. 5. To protect equipment used in electroplating and as stop-off lacquers in this industry. 4 6. Masonry floors and walls. Concrete swimming pools and traffic paints. 7. As cable coatings requiring nonflammability, chemical resistance, water resistance and excellent electrical properties. 8. Cnaringa for doth to impart "waterproofing" qualities as well as chemical and flame resistance. *AnocLOR-Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. > 90 o n O 90 (A > & 5* o o 5* 0 a. 90 c 0" ir c > 3 I P Tht information contained in (hit bulletin it, to oi* bait knowl.df., iru. and aceurata, but ail recomm.ndatlone oi u|(Oitloni art made without guarantee, ainca tha condittont of uaa at# kajont our control. The Montano Chemical Company diaclaima my liability incurred in connection with iha u. of thoaa data or sucaaationa. Furthermore. notlUnf contalnad harain ahali ba conatruad aa a recomnendetion to uaa any product in conflict a>Hh airiatlnc patanla eoverint any malarial or Ita uaa. 0356601. | TOWOLDMON0030419 WATER_PCB-00014888 AROCLORS AS USED IN CHLORINATED RUBBER I. INTRODUCTION Arodors, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated poly-phenyls, are used effectively as resins and plasticizers to impart desired qualities to chlorinated rubber, such as Hercules' Parlon. Parlon is made by chlorinating natural rubber, yielding a mixture of two polymers possessing an average chlorine content of 67 per cent. II. PROPERTIES OF CHLORINATED RUBBER The typical properties of Parlon as given by Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware, are listed in the following Table I: TABLE I. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF PARLON General Form as shipped .......................................................................................... White granular powder Color of film...................................................................................................... Water white Odor...................................................................................................................... None Clarity of film..................................................................................................... Good Taste...................................................................................................................... None Moisture, per cent as shipped.........................................................................0.5 maximum Physical Specific gravity.................................................................................................. 1.64 Specific volume, as shipped, in cubic inches per pound..........................16.9 Bulking value, gallons per pound................................................................... 0.0735 Index of refraction..........................................................................................1.554 Electrical (dear unplastidzed film*) Spedfic surface resistance, ohms x io,a.......................................................2,000 Dielectric strength, volts per mil (A.S.T.M. method)..............................2,300 Dielectric constant at 25C. and 1,000 cydes...........................................3.1 Power factor at 25C. and 1,000 cydes........................................................0.0015 to 0.0030 Power factor at 25C. and 1,000 cydes, after immersion in water for 140 hours and surface wiped dry................................................................ 0.0027 Mechanical (dear unplastidzed film*) 20-cp. type Tensile strength, pounds per square inch, dry................................. 4,270 Tensile strength, pounds per square inch, wet.............................. 4,100 Elongation, per cent, dry.....................................................................3.6 Elongation, per cent, wet.....................................................................3.8 Modulus of elastidty, pounds per square inch.............................. 1.4 x 10s Hardness, Sward index, per cent of glass.......................................90 Flexibility of Parlon film increases with viscosity of Parlon used. 1,000-cp. type 4*850 4,360 3-3 3-4 Thermal (dear unplastidzed film*) Burning rate............................. Effect of dry heat on film . Softening point......................... nonflammable stable up to and at 125X. decomposes at 135 to iyoX. Physical-Chemical (dear unplastidzed film*) Sunlight, effect of................................................................................. Discolors and embrittles Aging, effect of......................................................................................Very slight Water, hot, effect of............................................................................. Blushes Water, cold, effectof.......................................................................... None Moisture absorption (80% relative humidity for 24 hours), percent...................................................................................................0.27 Moisture vapor permeability of 0.003-inch film (grams water/ square centimeter/0.01 centimeter/hour at 2iTC.) . . . . 0.2 x to4 * Filmi used in tests were laid down from a toluene solution. -- 3-- 0350601 TOWOLDMON0030420 WATER_PCB-00014889 Add*, weak.................................................................... excellent Adds, M'Mg ....................................................................... Anas, znng................................................................ excfUfPt Sait spray...........................................................................good Alcohols.............................................................................. qo-itmr Ketones ......................................... ........................... ... soluble Esters..................................... .................................... . soluble Hydrocarbons, aromatic.........................................................soluble Hydrocarbons, aliphatic...................................................... good Oils, mineral ........................................................................good Oils, animal..................................... ................................. poor Oils, vegetable.......................................................... . . poor Different viscosity types of Parioo sod suggested uses sue given in Table 11. TABLE II. PARLON VISCOSITY TYPES Viscosity Type Viscosity Range (in cenapoises) 5-=P.............................................................................. 5 *7 io-ep.............................................................................. 8 to 20-cp................................. 16 to 15 iS5-cp.............................. ............................................... iio 190 1,000-cp................................................................................ 8co to 2,000 Examples of actual or suggested applications of the several viscosity types are given: Type j-cp. 10-cp. 20-cp. 125-cp. 1,000-cp. Use Examples In printing inks and as a fortifier for aBryd resin enamels. In high-solids finishes and as a fortifier tot aJkyd resin and oleoresinous varnishes and MltfWrk As a film-former in protective coatings and as a fortifier in enamels and varnishes. As a film-fanner in protective coatings, in paper lacquers, adhesives, and textile finishes As a film-former in adhesives, textile finit and other finishes where flexibility is important. III. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR AROCLOR AND CHLORINATED RUBBER COMPOSITIONS Solvents and solvent mixtures suggested for use in preparing Atodor and Farkin formulations are TABLE III. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR AROCLOR AND PARLON COMPOSITIONS Amsce Solv, B and E Amyl acetate Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride CeUosolt* Diacetone aloobol Diethyl carbonate Ethyl acetate Ethylene dichlonde Hi-Flash nrptvfc* Methyl acetate Methyl ethyl ketooe SOLVENTS Methyl isobucyl ketone Methyl salicylate Notol Octyl acetate Sovaso) Nos. 74, 75 Soivesso too ToUac Toluene Union Aromatic Solvon 3553-10 Union Solvent No. 30 Xylene 7 VJ 83 41 30 18 59: *3 64 J6 >30 30:40 70: 85 MIXED SOLVENTS Acetone : bonne ; ssopraiane Celloeolve: ethanol (anhydrous): ethyl aceos: xylene r^Bftniur; turpentine CeUoaotve : turpentine: mineral spirits Ethyl acetate: isopentane Ethyl acetate : isopropyl acetate : Trohxxl Methyl bobutyi ketone :Trohiml Hi-Flash solvent naphtha: turpentine Methyl acetate: hopcanane Sbdl TS-28: xylene IV. AROCLOR AND CHLORINATED RUBBER. PLASTICS FILMS The resinous Arodors 1262 and 5460 show good miscibility with rhlnrmsmd rubber fibTM as laid down from toluene solution containing 20 percent ofthe plastics, using 2:1 tad 1:1, Patino: resin, ratios. Similarly, die ptoodzer type Arodor 1242, 1254 and 1260 show good mobility in chlori nated rubber. The properties offilms derived from the following formulations confining either Parian ami reanout Arocion 1262 or 5460, or Parkin and the plasticizer type Arodors 1242,1254 or 1260 woe mdied. RESINOUS TYPE AROCLOR FOR PARLON PLASTICS Ingraham Pam by weight Parloo, 20-cp........................... 16 16 16 12 Arodor 5460............................................... 8 8 8 12 Diburyi nhthdatr.................... .................... 4 Tung cal, Thermolyzed, 976....................................... 5 Xylene or butyl acetate.................................76 72 71 76 12 12 3 73 12 12 3.75 7245 PLASTICIZER TYPE AROCLORS FOR PARLON PLASTICS Ingredients Pam by weight Parloo, 20-cp..................................................20 Arodor 1254 or 1260......................................4 20 20 7 30 Xylene........................................................ 76 73 70 Examination of the films cast from these lacquers revealed the following characteristics imparted by the Arodors: Adhesion:-- Unptasticued chlorinated rubber films have very poor adhesive qualities. The lacquer film failing Arodor 5460 gave good adhesion to aluminum, bare sted, steel, galvanized iroa and Transite surfaces. Other commercially available rosins, particularly oil alkyd resins, rated in similar films gave better adhesion than Arodor 5460 to such ror&cxs ts glass, tin, copper, sealed wood and cellophane The lacqnet film plasuaral with Arodors 1254 or tafio gave good aUrakm to Transire, cello phane, galvanized iron and primed sted surfaces. Some of the other aknmerdilly rvaflal^ plasndzes tested in stitiilae films gave better adhesion than die Arodon ID llnmimnii. lie bare steel, copper and sealed wood surfaces. Arodors, aiooe, possess pronounced adhesive qualities. Doubtless, where the objective is to produce adhesives, by varying the Arodor content or by using a mixture of Arodon in the chlorinated rubber lacquers, much better adhesion to all of the surfaces would be accomplished than was the case with the type of plastics films studied. ResutOKr ta Aqueous Seditions:-- Arodors 1254 ot I2G0 used as plasticizes and Arodor 5460 UKd as a rain in r*>whireri rubber produced plastic* fitTM pmmtittg satisfactory resmeaue 03&B6Q1 TOWOLDMON0030421 WATER_PCB-00014890 Film Harcbvn:-- Using Arodor $460 m ratios of 5:10 and 10: io, Arodor: Parion, decidedly softer films wot produced than when other commercial resins were similarly used. Likewise, Arodon 1254 or 126s used in ratios of 2 :10 and 5 : 10, Arodor; Parion, gave softer films than obtained from other commercial plasticizers, used at these concentrations. This indicates the strong plstidziiig action of these Arodots on chlohnaced rubber. Cold-C)uck Reastanci:-- Regarding cold-check resistant qualities imparted to chlorinated rubber films, Arodor 5460 is somewhat superior to Bakelite type resins, but not as good as long-oil modified alkyds. Arodor 1260 used as a plasticizer rates, in terms of cold-check resist ance, somewhat better than Arodor 1254 and neatly as good as the best of the other plasticizers studied for this property. Miscellaneous Properties.-- Parion plastics films containing Arodors 5460, 1254 or 1260 have entirely satisfactory ending and polishing characteristics. Weatherabihty:-- Pigmented chlorinated rubber finishes containing Arodors have consistently shown good outdoor weatberability. However, similar unpigmented finishes, regardless of the pianci?er or resin used and also in the absence of these additives, have been found to give poor outdoor weathering. Relatively poor resistance to ultraviolet light is a weakness of chlori nated rubber. Most pigments, with the exception of ultra-marine blue ate usable with Parion finishes and ate recommaided when the coating is to be subjected to outdoor weathering or exposed to ultra violet light. However, there is considerable variation regarding the protection offered by different pigments. Inspection of Par(on-fortified alkyd enamels showed the weatherabiiiry varied from 63 months for the enamel pigmented with chrome green to 4 months for enamel pigmented with a titanium dioxide-iron blue combination. V. USES FOR AROCLORS IN CHLORINATED RUBBER COATINGS A. Finishes for Alkaline Surfaces: Arodors, as well as chlorinated rubber, are highly resistant against alkalies and moisture. Because of these properties paints based on Arodor and chlorinated rubber combinations are used in large quantity for application to concrete floors, walls, swimming pools, etc. Examples of this type of paint are given in Table [V. TABLE IV. AROCLOR PLASTICIZER IN CHLORINATED RUBBER PAINTS FOR ALKALINE SURFACES Materials (Examples of atartint formulas) Formnil 1 for Formula 2 to meet taaemem Soon Fed. Spec. TT-P-9I (Pans by weight) Formula 3 for swimmmgjgodi Parion, 20-cp. type.............................. Arodor 1254 ......................................... iS to 14.6 Rezyl S69............................................ Arodor $460 or Cumar Pio ............... 8 Betkowl 31......................................... Tung oil, Tbertoolyied, 976................. Titanium dioxide.................................. 16 Zinc oxide............................................ 2 Silica fiour ............................................ 3 Carbon black........................................ 0.2 Xylene........................................ 42.8 Hi-Flash naphtha.................................................... 16 o-5 475 2-9 19-7 6-5 Totals.................................. too loo B. Acida and Alkali- Resistant Firtiahan-. Particular care must be exerased in the choice of resins and plasticizers for use in chemical resistant paints. For this purpose, Arodors are outstanding tod are being used successfully in the add and alkali-resistant chlorinated rubber formulations given in Table V. TABLE V. AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS AND RESINS FOR CHLORINATED RUBBER, ACID AND ALKALI-RESISTANT FINISHES Fee jottrix Materials iihlia Parkra, 20-cp. type ...... Arodor 54S0........................... Bakelite XJ-I2895.................... Rezyl 807 (solids).................... Arodor 1254 . ................. Arodor 1260........................... Ttmg oil, Tbenaolyzed, 976 . . Iron oxide.............................. Titanium dioxide.................... Tine oxide.............................. Zykne..................................... Hi-Flash naphtha ..................... Toluene.................................. 16 64 g jfi 53.fi (Parts by weight) 16 16 fi-4 6.4 48 4-8 48 4.8 16 16 18 8 6 18 5* 51 39 too IOC 100 77 18 6 28 The paints given m Table V were applied to metal ban or panels and tested. Formula 1, an mwiTM paint, showed good resistance to a 10 per cent hydrochloric add solution and to a 5 per cent ttwtium hydroxide solution. The add resistant paint described under the beading of Formula 2 he shows excellent outdoor protection to metal surfaces on add manufacturing plants. Similarly, rnmr on Formula 3 have given good outdoor performance on alkali producing plans. Paint based on Formula 4 was found to have excellent resistance to adds, alkalies atxl otheroonosive materials such as salt solutions. Moreover, this paint showed good adhesion to various SurfoctS ii<-h4i..e pU~ Paint based on Formula j is indicated to have good resistance against warm aqueow It should be pointed out that Arodor and chlorinated rubber continuous exposure at temperatures above 140?. are not rctnmzaended for C. Marine Finishes: Arodor plasticued chlorinated rubber coatings possess good resistance to Salt water and tfi"r hard finish deters algae and marine growths from adhering to them. These qualities and g^~l resistance indicates the usefulness of these paints to protect wood and metal toed in vUi. boats barges and other marine equipment. A suggested formula for a pin, jj given in 'Table Vi' TABLE VI. AROCLOR PLASTICIZER FOR A CHLORINATED RUBBER MARINE WHITE PAINT (Starting formulation) Parion, 20-cp. type Arodor 1234 . . . Rezyl 869 . . . . Pare by weight 20 Xylene............. Hi-Flash . Total J3 20 TOWOLDMON0030422 WATER_PCB-00014891 D. Emulsion Point*: Arodor 1254 is twed in chlorinated robber arailooa paints recommended when is required on porous suifoix* Hercuiea Posrds Company report rim the puJVuial water pi for such paints rt other s 1 per cent sofatioa of Aerosol OT in distilled water or * 4 per can boo of sodium ofeste in disofled water. For tbe rnrrplrte emulsion, a rabo by weight of lacquer phase to water phare of 2.5 to 1 is suggested. Parion of any desired viscosity may be used. A typical punt phase fot the Arocfct-Paihiu emulsion paint contains tbe following ingmfcajB: PAINT PHASE FOR THE EMULSION Arodor 1254 . . Cumar Pio . . . Xylene .... Hi-Flash naphtha Total . Parts by weight 28 14 E. Adhwivw: Arodor and chlorinated rubber adhesives are rwiuim to f*wmirah and were developed originally for adhering labels to wad bottles. These adhesives are also of unusual interest because oftheir good fire resistant qualities. A typical formulation contains die following ingredients: AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS FOR CHLORINATED RUBBER ADHESIVES Parion, i2$-cp. type Arodor 1254 . . . Arodor l2do . . . Parts by weight F. Paper and Textile Coatings: peper and textile coatings fiekfe. In general, however, tbe use of this type of costing in dpse fields may be testriaed especially where freedom from odor and taste are required. Unptgmented Arodor and chlorinated rubber finishes would seem smraUe for certain fabrics used indoors, but not where they are exposed to high temperatures and direct sunlight. Q. Coatings {or Electrical Apparatus: Because of their desirable electrical properties, malpositions containing Arodor? and chlorinated rubber are very useful to insulate and protect dectncal wire and apparatus from moisture. When fortified with selected fut^istac and waxes, coatings of this type are used to "tropicalize" or protect electronic equipment against both moisture and fimgi. Moreover, tbe fire resistant qualities of these plastics are highly desirable for use in the electrical field. H. Inks: Arodor plastidzed chlorinated rubber compositions are very useful for printing inw where foster drying tune and increased chemical resistance are desired. The alkali-resistant properties of such plastics suggest tbeii use in tbe printing of soap wrappers and soap boxes, bottle labels and other commodities where tbe ink must be resistant to alkalies. VI. RESINS AND PLASTICIZERS, OTHER THAN AROCLOR. MISCIBLE IN CHLORINATED RUBBER The resins and plasticizers given in the following Table VII are miscible in chlorinated rubber. This re detenzuned by tbe examination of films laid down from 2 : i.and 1 :1, Pitkm : rwin or plasticizer ratios at 20 per cent concentration in toluene. --8-- TABLE VU. RESINS AND PLASTICIZERS MISCIBLE IN PARLON Amberol tel, tetiP, ST-137, Fy Arodor 1262, 5462 Aroplaz 920,93^, 935, 940 Bikeihe XR-31S0, XR-4503, XR-4CO6, BR-2963, XJ-9868, BR-1329, BR-3360 Becfcacite 1112 F-13S, P-254 Super-Bedxniae 3501 Bedtopd 1400 Beckosd 1 (solid), 18, 31, 34, 40,1329 Beetle Resin 237-8 Qorafin 70 Copal Pro Dataplex C-45-LV, G-48, C-49, C-jo-LV, C-51, C-62, D-61, D-62, E-71, E-71-A, E-73 East India gum Ester gum Ethyl Methacrylate Esterol 750 Foanrei Gehra 2.3 GJyptal 1247,2450,2454, 2438, 2464,2466, 350c Lewisol 2L, 28,33 Methyl Melhacjykle Pdyiuets Neville R-3, R-10 Pentalyn A, G, M, X Petrex t, 130H Pbenac 633-M Resyi 116, Xjtj, 412, 775> 803, 807, 829, 865, 880, H03 Rosin Santotite MHP Staybdile Ester i, 2,10 Staybelttc resin Super-Beckaate 1001 Syntex Hi, H3, Hia,17, 213, 22,28, 29, 32, 36 Teglac 15, Z-IS2 Vehtasl AD6-3 Vmsol Amylchkjro naphthalene Amyl oleate Amyl stearate Arodor 1242 Arodor 1254 Arodor 1260 Butyl myristate Butyl stearate Camphor Castor oil, taw Castor oil, dehydrated Castor oil fatty add esters CeDosolve phthalate Coconut fatty add esters Diamyl naphthalene Diamyl phthalate Ditrotyl phthalate Dibotyi sebacate Diethyl phthalate Dimethyl phthalate Linseed oil PLASTICIZERS Methyl ceilosotvt oiette Monogryl naphthalene Naftoleo Ncrille heavy oil No. 2 Ncrillite oil Oitidca oil Palm fotty add esters Perilla oil Polyamyl naphthalene Resinous Products C-24 Santidzet B-16 Santidzer M-17 Sexto! phthalate Sexto] stearate Soya bean fotty add esters Soya bean oil Tbermoil A Tributyl phosphate Tricresyl phosphate Triethyl ante Triphenyl phosphate Tung oil, Thermolyzed, 976 Tbe strong points and limitations of tbe resins and plretidzers given in TaUe VII relative to the properties they impart to chlorinated rubber are known. None give die important over-all I qualities attained by tbe use of Arodor*. If occasion arises to consider tbe use of riw fg specific applications for chlorinated rubber, then more detailed information about wfl] be given. 0358605 TOWOLDMON0030423 WATER_PCB-00014892 VII. GENERAL Prior to Wool War II Amdon, ased in substantial amount with ehbrinated rubber, made rapid growth m the application* given m this report. Daring the war, scarcity of namm] rubber curtailed these developments but sine* die war industry has been quick a resume the use of Arodor plas ticized chlorinated rubber compositions. Their principal field of application is as lacquers, varnishes and paints where fame resistance, corrosioo resistance, chemical miMam:*, i.e., resistance to adds, alkalies and water, and good electrical When properly pigmented these prints or mating* have good weatbenbility. Although the adhesion of unpiastidzed chlorinated rubber films to common structural materials is poor, when plasticized with Arodors strong adhesive bonds are obtained. Atocion improve the flexibility and life of chlori nated rubber plastics coating. Dje formulations of Arodors and chlorinated robber along with their suggested uses, as given in this report, are in line with good commadal practice. Much of the data given was obtained from other firms, particularly Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware. The information given is to serve e a guide or stating point in the development of formulations to expand taking advantage of the outstanding qualities of Arodors m resins and plasticizers for chlorinated rubber. -- 10 -- 0158606 TOWOLDMON0030424 WATER_PCB-00014893 -----V----- Monsanto Chemicals 'Plastics ___ For fvrtborinformation about AXOCLORS, writm, win or call tho noantt Moruanto offko. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS NRMINGHAM BOSTON CHARLOTTE . CHICAGO CINCINNATI CLEVELAND . DETROIT LOS ANGELES NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA PORTLAND (On.) . SAN FRANCISCO MONSANTO (CANADA) LTD. Montreal RaprMMtotivM In Km Principal Cities of the World. 0396606.01 I TOWOLDMON0030425 WATER_PCB-00014894