Document LJgBgkjKngnkmnZLp6xb0g4ww

Prom Lou Legendre, Medical Division, Ponca City ot January 28, 1982 S^ct NOISH EMERGENCY INFORMATION BULLETIN Attached please find a copy of a NIOSH EIB on the use of SC temperatures. It is forwarded for your information and any * action and distribution which you deem necessary. in low opriate Louis A. Legendre, Industrial Hygienist Chemicals & Petroleum Operations sp Distribution: P. L. Meeks, Production, Houston M. D. Johnston, Refining, Houston Kleinmann, Transportion, Houston ST, ,& 'Crumbles, Chemicals, Houston-^-' JT'G.' Pettry, Concarb, Houston T. Skelton, R & D, Ponca City W. K. Burns, CPL, Houston E. Howerton, NGP, Lake Charles L. W. Hamilton, Supply & Trans., Houston SAL 0 0 0 0 4 '2x S' S' 1 DEPARTJMENTO^HEALTH & HUMAN SERVIC ES Public Health Service Cemers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety ana Heattn - ALOSH 944 Chestnut Rtdge Road Morgantown. WV 26505 t fie std'j&iu n - * *'v C 92l2*jnj iJSjUW ribtatB m' i January 15, 1982 RECEIVED ; JAN 2 2 1962 *1; &rWDS* emergency information bulletin * USE OF self-contained breathing . s^a-rT ^FARATUS IN LOW TEMPERATURES .r.i t.'.I. ulV. ** - . . .. . . Extraaw caut^pn-Bbfuld exercised by all persons using open circuit ^elf^cooffiaid ,BreatJupg,-,apparatus (SCBA) in hazardous environments during %ub-rcesing weather. SCBAs are widely used by fire fighters combatting ^vifitar fires. All users.who wear SCBAs in cold temperatures should take particular note of the following important precautions: i Moisture in the air cylinders must be kept at an absolute ..^i^S^ii:'inimum since small amounts of moisture in the air lupply may. freeze and result in failure of the breathing ^^Mpparatus. 2r**Alvays use a nosecup in the SCBA facepiece when temperatures -`are below freezing. Failure to use a nosecup under such circumstances can result in'facepiece fogging and severely f,;- impaired vision. Chemical anti-fog agents may not perform . adequately in low temperatures. 3. Carefully read the approval label on the respirator to determine if it is necessary to install special accessories prior to use of the SCBA in sub-freezing weather. Certain older U.S. Bureau of Mines approved SCBAs require such low temperature accessories (SCBAs approved prior to March 25, 1972). 4. When leaving an extremely hot environment, such as a fire scene, and entering cold air (below or near freezing), always place the SCBA facepiece in your turnout coat to keep it warm if it is to be quickly reused. SCBAs when not being actively breathed can freeze-up very quickly. 000(M62f34 I OSHA Instruction CPI 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination CHAPTER III OSHA STANDARD METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY A. General. 1. Introduction. The OSHA General Industry standard on Respiratory protection, 29 CFR 1910.134, requires that a respiratory protection program be established by the employer and that respirators be provided and be effective when such equipment Is necessary to protect the health of the employee. a. An acceptable respiratory protective program will lower the probability that an employee will suffer 111 health from performing duties In contam inated or oxygen deficient atmospheres. b. However, OSHA health standards place primary emphasis on engineering, administrative and work practice controls in light of the inherent deficien cies of respirators and respirator programs. 2. Exposure. Exposure to a contaminant Is determined by measuring the airborne concentrations of contaminants In the breathing zone of the employee. Procedures in Chapter I, General Industrial Hygiene Policy and Chapter II, Determination of Compliance and Classification of Violations for Air Contaminants, establish the criteria to be used for determining whether an exposure occurs* 3. Definitions.--For purposes of this chapter, the terms "exposure" and "overexposure" refer to concentrations In the breathing zone of the employee, outside of the respirator (l.e. the exposure of the employee If no respirator were being worn). 4. Citations. Citations shall be issued under 29 CFR 1910.134 as established In this chapter, and as otherwise specified in the Field Operations Manual (FOM) and this manual. III-l 0046 OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination 5. Situations Where Overexposure Does Not Occur. a. Where an overexposure has not been established but where an improper respirator is being used (e.g., a dust respirator being used to reduce exposure to organic vapors), a citation under 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(2) shall be Issued as other than serious, provided the Industrial Hygienist documents that an overexposure Is possible. b. Where employee overexposure has not been established, and one or more of the other requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134 is not being met; e.g., an unapproved, mil- sance is being used to reduce exposure to toxic dusts, a deminimis ylolatlpn(s) shall be recorded In accord* ance with OSHA procedures. (Note that this policy does not Include emergency use respirators.) The Industrial Hygienist shall advise the employer of the elements of a good respirator.program as required under 29 CFR 1910.134. u.fc'ote nesr 6. Respirator Standards. An acceptable respiratory protective program includes all of the elements of 29 CFR 1910.134; however, the standard is-structured such that essentially the same requirement Is often specified In more than one section. In these cases, the section which most adequately describes the violation shall be cited. Sections which are at least. In part, duplicative are: Written operating procedures - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(1), (e)(1) and (e)(3). * Proper selection - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(2),(c). and (e)(2). Training and fitting - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(3), (e)(5) and (e> 15X1--1 * Exclusive employee use - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(4) (not specifically citable - see comments below) and (e)(2). * Cleaning and disinfecting - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(5) and (f)(3). Storage - 20 CFR 1910.134(b)(6) and (f)(5)(1-111). II1-2 O000463B/ CAU OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination * Inspection and maintenance - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(7), (e)(4), (f)(2)(1-1v), and (f)(4). * Work area surveillance - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(8) only. * Inspection and evaluation of the program - 29 CFR 1910.134 (b)(9) only. * Medical examinations - 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(10) only. * Approved respirators - 29 CFR 191Q.134(b)(ll) only. 7. General Respirator Provision Standard. 29 CFR 1910.134(a)(2) Is the general section requiring employers to provide respirators M... when such equipment Is necessary to protect the health of the employee" and requir ing the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protective program which meets the requirements outlined in 29 CFR 1910.134(b)* Thus, If no respiratory program has been established or If some, but not all of the requirements of 1910.134(b) are being met, paragraph 1910.134(a)(2) and the specific paragraphs under 1910.134(b) (or If preferred, alternative paragraphs as previously discussed) that are applicable will be cited and grouped as one.Item. 8. ANSI Standards. A cross-reference between the OSHA and the American National Standards-lnstltute (ANSI) standards on respiratory protection (from which the standard was adopted) Is given in Figure III-l. 8. Interpretations and Guidelines.' The following are specific coenents regarding selected provisions of the standard where explanations beyond the wording of the standard ar*; necessary: 1. Written Operating Procedures. a. The employer must have written standard operating procedures governing the selection and use of respira tors. The procedures must Include a discussion or explanation of all of the Items specified In 29 CFR 1910.134(b). (1) The Industrial Hygienist shall Inspect the written procedures for completeness and accuracy and shall record the details of the employees program. III --3 000046288 OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination (2) If possible, the Industrial Hy9ienist shall obtain a copy of the written procedures for the case file. b. The determination of the adequacy of the written procedures is a professional judgment made by the Industrial Hygienist. (1) Complete lack of written procedures Indicates a major flaw in the respiratory protective program; such a program is not acceptable and appropriate citations shall be issued. (2) Deficiencies in the written program which do not detract from the overall effectiveness of the program should be brought to the attention of the employer In the closing conference. c. : If written procedures are established but not Implemented, the citation should generally be based upon 29 CFR 1910.134 (e)(1). However, if written procedures are established but do not cover the safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres that.might be encountered In normal operationsor in emergencies, the citations should generally be based upon 29 CFR 1910.134(e)(3). 2. Proper Selection. a. A classification of respiratory hazards which relate to respirator selection may be found in Figure III--2. A guide for respirator selection is presented In Figure 111--3- Respirator selection according to the type of hazard and appropriate approval schedules may be found in Figure III--4* b. In assessing whether an employer's procedures for the selection of respirators are adequate, the Industrial Hygienist shall: (1) Determine the physical state(s) of the substance as it Is encountered and listed In Figure III-3 and place it into one of the following general categorles: II1-4 OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination (a) Gas or vapor. (b) Particulate (dust, mist, fume, smoke or fog). (c) Combination of (a) and (b). (2) If it is available, assemble and record toxicological and other pertinent information for the particular contaminant including: (a) Permissible exposure limits. (b) Exposure measurements. (c) Oxygen deficiency. (3) Selectively examine a representative number of respirators being used to verify that proper selection of respirators has been made. If there is evidence of improper selection, the Industrial Hygienist shall record the type of respfrator, manufacturer, model, cantan inant and concentra tion, job description, name of employee, time, date, location and other information required In this chapter. (4) Compare air contaminant exposure measurements collected during the inspection to the protection factor for the respirator device. Protection factors (PFs) should be considered as an element in determining compliance with 29 CFR 1910.134(c). (a) A protection factor is the ratio of the ambient airborne concentration of thecontamInant to the concentration of that:con*, taminant inside the facepiece. It is a measure of the facepiece fit of a respirator based on quantitative respirator fit tests. The product of the PF and the permissible exposure limit (PEL.) is the maximum use concentration (MUC). (b) Figures III-5 and IX1--6 list the PFs for particulate filter respirators, chemical car- III-5 0 0 4 <': () OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination trldge respirators* gas masks* supplled-alr respirators* and self-contained breathing apparatus. (c) For specific requirements of vinyl chloride, see 29 CFR 1910.1017; for asbestos, see 29 CFR 1910.1001; and for any substance regu lated after the promulgation of vinyl chlo ride, see the specific standard or program directIve. c. Figure III-7, adapted from ANSI Z88.2-1969, lists the restrictions and limitations of respirators. The following information should be considered when eval uating respirator use: (1) Naming Properties. (a) It is -inportant to realize that 30 CFR 11, NIOSH/MSHA approvals for respirators gen erally do not apply to gases or vapors with poor warning properties except where the device is equipped with an end-of-service life indicator (e.g., carbon monoxide). However, OSHA standards may permit such a use for a specific gas or vapor. (b) Warning properties dependent upon human senses are not foolproof. However, they do provide some Indication to the employee of possible sorbent exhaustion, or of poor facepiece fit, or of other respirator t malfunction. 1 Warning properties include odor, eye *" Irritation and respiratory Irritation. 2 Adequate taming properties can be assumed when the odor, taste, or Irrita tion effects of the substance are detectable and persistent at concentra tions .at or below the PEL. (However, It must be realized that many substances cause olfactory fatigue and, therefore, cannot be considered to have adequate warning properties.) in-6 "'ft... 04629'] OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1-979 Office of Field Coordination (c) .If the odor or irritation threshold of a sub stance occurs at concentrat ions many times greater than the PEL, this substance should be considered to have poor warning properties. (d) If the odor or irritation threshold is somewhat above the PEL (but not in excess of three times the limit) and there is no ceiling ltnit, a determination should be made as to whether an undetected exposure in this concentration range could cause serious or Irreversible health effects. (Refer to the Substance Toxicity Table of Chapter II.) If not, the substance is considered to have adequate warning properties. In such a situation. It is expected that environmental concentrations will vary considerably and; therefore, warning of respirator failure would soon be perceived at contaminant concentrations somewhat above the PEL. (2) Toxic tty. Contaminants may also have too great a toxicity to allow the use of chemical cartridge respirators or.gas masks (e.g., carcinogens without a specific OSHA standard allowing their use, hydrogen sulfide or nickel carbonyl), (a) These situations must be evaluated on a case-by-case bas*s and If, in the profes sional Judgment of the Industrial Hygienist, a health hazard exists due to the high toxicity of the substance, the respirator shall be deemed to not "provide adequate respiratory protection against the particular hazard". (b) Consultation shall be sought from the ARA for Technical Support and this consultation shall be documented in the case file. (3) Unapproved Respirators. Chemical cartridge respirators or gas masks shall be considered III--7 , o Q ()0 '-: OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination unacceptable or "unapproved" (i.e. a violation of 29 CFR 7970.134(b)(71)) for gaseous contaminants which have either inadequate warning properties or such a toxicity as described in the preceding paragraph (unless they have an end-of-service life indicator and are approved by NIOSH, or are specified by an OSHA standard)* (4) SupplI led-AIr Respirators* If there are no chemical cartridge respirators or gas masks available which satisfy the .requirements specified in paragraphs B.2.c.(1) and (2) supplied air respirators shall be required unless impractical (e.g., due to employee mobility). (a) When suppl led-air respirators are impractical an effective fit testing program must be ensured. (See paragraph B.3.) (b) The Industrial Hygienist shall also determine the required frequency of cartridge or canister replacement which Is dependent upon the breakthrough of the air contaminant.' Consultation with the ARA for Technical Support may be necessary* (5) Quarter or half-mask chemical cartridge respirators should not be used to protect against any material present at concentrations which may be highly irritating to the eyes. d. A violation involving proper selection shall include In the citation wording a description of the particular deficiency (e.g. the contaminant concentration was not evaluated during respirator selection, resulting in an insufficient protection factor). 3. Training and Fitting for the Employees. a. 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(3) requires that "the user be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and their limitations" and 1910.134(e)(5) requires that "the user be properly instructed in its selection, use and maintenance". According to ANSI this requires III-->8 . o `,- OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination training in the nature of the hazard (i.e. the result ing health effect from overexposure). If it is deter mined that the employee has not been trained in the nature of the hazard, the employer is not in compl iance with this section. b* The training requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134(e)(5) and (e)(5)(i) include demonstrations on "... how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and how to determine if It fits properly." 1910.134(e)(5) further requires that the respirator be worn in a "test atmo sphere"; e.g.. Isoamyl acetate, or irritant smoke as part of the training. Quantitative fit testing would also meet this requirement. C. The Industrial Hygienist shall ask the employer and/or employee to demonstrate familiarity with the fitting technique and shall determine that the fitting has been performed properly. d. In evaluating whether an employer has taken precautions to ensure proper respirator fit, the Industrial Hygienist shall consider the following: (1) Whether the employee wears the respirator as it was originally intended. All of the following shall be considered: (a) The respirator and all functional parts including straps must be in place and worn in the appropriate positions. (b) All straps shall be secure. (c) Mod if ication to the respirator or straps shall not be made; for example, replacing the straps with string or rubber bands indicates an Ineffective respirator. (d) Use of a facelet or a knitted covering over the rubber face seal voids the approval of the respirator. (2) Whether the employee wearing the respirator tests it for fit each time it is worn. 111-9 OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination (a) In general, the manufacturer's instructions for fit test should be followed. These may include: A Positive Pressure Test. Close the exhalation^alve and exnale gently into the facepiece. The facepiece fit is considered satisfactory if a slight positive pressure can be built up inside the facepiece without any evidence of outward leakage of air at the seal. For most respirators, this method of leak testing requires that the wearer first remove the exhalation valve cover and then carefully replace it after the test. A Negative Pressure Test. Close off the inlet opening of the canister or car tridge (s) by covering It with the palm of the hand(s) or by replacing the seal(s). Inhale gently so that the facepiece collapses slightly, and hold the breath for approximately 10 seconds. If the facepiece remains slightly collapsed, the fit of the respirator is considered satisfactory. (b) The Industrial Hygienist may use any established testing procedures to determine if the employee's respirator fits properly. CAUTION: IRRITANT SMOKE TUBES MAY ONLY BE USED TO EVALUATE FACE SEAL WHEN HIGHEFFICIENCY PARTICULATE CARTRIDGES ARE IN USE. (3) The Industrial Hygienist shall examine during the Inspection, selected employees wearing the respi rators to determine proper fitting. 4. Exclusive Employee Use* 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(4) states "Where practicable, the respirators should be assigned to individ ual workers for their exclusive use". Due to the general wording of this requirement, 29 CFR 1910.134(b) (4) will not be cited. III-10 OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination 5. Cleaning and Disinfecting. 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(5) states "Respirators ... issued for the exclusive use of one worker should be cleaned after each day's use, or more often if necessary.w This is interpreted to apply only to those respirators that are "routinely used" throughout the day. Cleaning at a frequency less than each day is acceptable, if proper protection is still afforded to-the employee. 6. Storage. The requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(6) are self-exp1anatory. 7. Inspection and Maintenance. The requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(7) are self-explanatory. 8. Work Area Surve il lance. Although not specifically discussed in 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(8), the standard requires surveil lance. This is interpreted to Include identification of the contaminant, nature of the hazard, concentration at the breathing zone, and if appropriate, biological monitoring. (See ANSI Z88.2.) The Industrial Hygienist must carefully and fully document this hazard. Citations shall not be Issued under this paragraph for minor deficiencies in a ' monitoring program, but-they shall be brought to the atten tion of the employer and not cited. 9. Inspection and Evaluation of the Program. a. Numerous factors affect the employee's acceptance of respirators including comfort, ability to breath without objectionable effort, adequate visibility under all conditions, provisions for wearing prescription glasses,. If necessary, ability to communicate, ability to perform all tasks without undue interference and confidence in the facepiece fit. b. Failure to consider these factors Is likely to reduce co-operation of the users in promotIng a sat isfactory program. How well these problems are resolved can be determined by employer observation of respirator users during normal activities and employer solicitation of employee comments. c. In addition, under 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(9), regular inspections are required to ensure that respirators are III-ll >:>L VQOC QSKA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination properly selected, used, cleaned and maintained. If the employer Is not making any effort to ensure that the respirator program Is effective, by observing respirator use, soliciting user comments or conducting regular Inspections, a citation shall be Issued. 10. Medical Examination. 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(10) is an enforceable requirement of the standard. A citation may be Issued under this paragraph If appropriate medical deter minations have not been provided. 11. Approved Respirators. a. 29 CFR 1910.134{b)(ll) states "Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available." A respirator Is approved as the whole unit with specific components. (1) Mixing of components between different types or mates of respirators nullifies the approval. (2) The use of nonepproved components nullifies the approval. (3) The use of an approved respirator In atmospheric concentrations for which It Is not approved constitutes a violation. (4) Observation by the Industrial Hygienist that one or more employees are working In the contaminated area above the PEL without approved respiratory protection establishes a violation. (5) Use of nonapproved components such as Incorrect hoses or regulators on self-contained breathing apparatus or air-line respirators may result In serious harm to the user due to possible malfunc tion of the system. b. In general, for air contaminants listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000, Tables Z-l to 2-3, either joint Mine Safely and Health Administration (MSHA) and NIOSH, MSHA alone, or Bureau of Mines approved respirators are recognized by OSHA to be adequate. ll 1--12 M.. 000'j'WO;. `"'Mi OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination (1) The Bureau of Mines approval schedule specifies that the following types of respirators are approved until the dates specified, if the respi rator was purchased on or before June 30, 1975: Expiration Date Respirator Type Until March 31, 1979 For self-contained breathing apparatus approved under Bureau of Mines Schedule 13-13E. Until March 31, 1980 For supplied-air respirators approved under Bureau of Mines Schedule 19B. (2) In addition,, gas masks approved in accordance with Bureau of Mines Schedule 14F are approved until further notice. The approval for all other Bureau of Mines respirators has expired and shall not be considered approved. * (3) Specific standards for particular compounds may specify MSHA/NXGSH approval. c. The approval schedules for Bureau of Mines approved respirators and the subparts of 30 CFR 11 for MSHA/ HIOSH approved respirators are listed In Figure III-8. A description of labels and markings of approved respirators Is given in the same figure and examples are given in Figures III-9 and 111-10* d. To determine if a respirator Is approved, identify the type of respirator'by brand name and model number. An approval label is usually on the box or container or on the canister, or the approval can be found In "NIOSH Certified Equipment (MCE) List". An updated copy should be available in each Area Office. e. MSHA/NIOSH will provide a test schedule for any respirator against any specific contaminant. The use of unapproved respirators, even in special use situa tions, is unacceptable unless approval Is pending before NIOSH. II1-13 00O.. V *v /. OSKA Instruction CPI 2-2.20 April 2, 1979 Office of Field Coordination 12. Special Procedures For SuppHcd-AIr Respirators. a* The Industrial Hygienist shall Inspect the sources of the supplied-alr as follows: (1) Compressed breathing air shall meet the quality specification for grade 0 breathing air as des cribed In "Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification G-7.1-1966". Oxygen Content (v/v) 19 - 231 (atmosphere air) Balance predominately nitrogen Hydrocarbon (Condensed) 5 mg/M3 Carbon monoxide .20 ppm Carbon dioxide 1,000 ppm (2) Where the Industrial Hygienist feels AX is necessary to check thfc quality of air, appropriate methods shall be used to check for carbon mon oxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxygen. The results shall be record* ed. b. The Industrial Hygienist must use professional judgment when evaluating the location of an air supply compressor. If the compressor Is located In a con taminated atmosphere where the contaminants may enter the compressor, and there are no adequate filtering devices on the compressor, an Ineffective supplied-alr respirator program Is indicated. I11--14 / OSHA Instruction CPI 2-2.20 April 7, 1979 Office of field Coordination Flour* III-l -- Cross Reference Between 29 CFR 1910.134 ANSI Standard Z88.2-1969 1910.134 * Section ...................... Z88.2-1969 Chapter and Section (a) 0) (2 ' (3 3.2 3.3 3.4.1 (b) n ) (2 (3) (4 ' (5 <i \l\ (9) (10) (11) - 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7 3.5.5 3.5.9 3.7 3.8 (c) 6 (d) m (2) (3) (4) (D <11 5.3 and 6-3.2.2 5.3 5.3 and S.3.2.2 sa 5.3 (e) (? (3 * (D <11 <111) (4) (5) 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 6.3.2.1 6 .3.2.2 10.3 7.4- (5) (1) (11) <1) (f) f1l (2 (1) (ID (111) <1v) (3) (4) (5) (1) Ml) Mil) 7.5 9.1 9.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 Source: ANSI Standard K13.1-1967 "American National Standard Identification of Gas Mask Canisters." IIZ-1S (L 000046300 nSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2,1979 Office of field Coordination Floure 111--2 -- Classification Of Respiratory Hazards According To Their Properties Which Influence Respirator Selection Gas Or Vapor Contaminants Particulate Containants Inert: They do not react with other substances under most conditions and create a respiratory hazard by displacing air and producino oxygen deficiency (for exancle, hell in, neon, argon). Acidic: Substances that are acids or that react with water to produce an acid. In water they produce positively charoed hydrogen Ions. They taste sour and many are corrosive to tissues (for exanple, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, fluorine, nltrooen dioxide, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, hydrooen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide). Alkaline: Substances that are alkalies or that react with water to produce an aTkall. When in water solutions, they result in the production of negatively charoed hydroxyl Ion (0H-). They taste bitter, and many are corrosive to tissues (for exanple, ammonia, amines, phosohlne, arsine, and stlbine). Oroanic: These are the compounds of carbon. Examples are saturated hydro carbons (methane, ethane, butane), unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene, acetylene), alcohols (methyl alcohol. Particles ere produced by mechanical means by the disintegration processes of grtnding, crushing, drilling, blasting and spraying; or by the physlochamlcal reactions such as coabustion, vaporization, distillation, sublimation, calcination, and condensation. Particles are classified as follows: bust: A solid mechanically produced particle with sizes varying from sub* microscopic to visible or macroscopic. Spray: A liquid mechanically produced particle with size generally in the visible-or macroscopic range. Fine: A solid condensation particle of extremely small particle size. Generally less than one micron in dimeter. Mist: A liquid condensation partlele with sizes ranging from submleroseopic to visible or macroscopic. Fog: A mist of sufficient concentrate to perceptibly obscure vision. Smoke: A system which Includes the products of incomplete ccrtwstlon of III-16 :AL 0000463 0 OSHA Instruction CPI 2-2.20 April 2; 1979 Office of Field Coordination Ficure [11-2 --ClasslfIcatlon Of Respiratory Hazards According To Their Properties Which Influence Respirator Selection--Cont1nued ftps Or Vaoor Contaminants Particulate Contaminants propyl alcohol), ethers (methyl ether, ethyl ether), aldehydes (formaldehyde), ketones (dimethyl ketone), organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid), halides (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), strides (formaari de, acetaeidc), nitriles (acetonltrlle), isocyanates (toluene dfisocyanate), amines (methylamine), epoxies (epoxyethane, propylene oxide), and aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene). Oroanometallie: Compounds in which metals are charlcally bonded to organic groups (for exanple, ethyl silicate, tetraethyl lead, and organic phosphates). Hydrides: Compounds In which hydrogen Is chorically bonded, to metals and certain other elements (far exeeole, dlborane and llthlun hydride). organic substances in the form of solid and Hguid particles and gaseous products In air. Smoke is usually of sufficient concentration to perceptibly obscure vision. Source: AHSI ZAR.2*1969, Practices for Respiratory Protection*. III-17 `00046302 nSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20 April 2. 1979 Office of Field Coordination Floure III-3 -- Guide For The Selection Of Respirators Hazard BAS OR VAPOR COMTAKINANTS Oxyoen Deficiency Immediately dangerous to life or health Not immediately danoerous of life or health PARTICULATE CONTAMINANTS Immediately danoerous to life or health Not immediately danoerous to life or health. Respirator Self-contained breathing apparatus. Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary positive pressure self-contained air supply. Self-contained breathing apparatus in positive pressure node. Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with chemical canister (gas mask) for escape only. Self-rescue mouth piece respirator (for escape only). Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary positive pressure, self-contained air supply. Air-line respirator * Air-purifying, half-mask of full facepiece respirator with chemical cartridge(s) or canister. Self-contained breathing apparatus in positive pressure mode, Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with appropriate filter (for escape only). Self-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). Cotibination air-line respirator with auxiliary positive pressure self-contained air supply. Air-purifying, half-mask or full facepiece respirator with filter pad or cartrldge(s). Air-line respirator. Air-line abrasive-blasting respirator. III-18 *v> \ 46303 k c C EIV E D DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES 11981 fM Public Health Service SEPTEMBER 8, 1981 RESPIRATOR USERS INFORMATION NOTICE Centers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health -- ALOSH 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 U. S. D. Corp., Santa Ana, California SurvivAir (Mark I) 30 Minute Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Models 9045-20, 9045-22, 9845-20, and 9845-22 NIOSH/MSHA Approval TC-13F-82 SurvivAir haa recently manufactured and sold a limited number of Mark I self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) which do not have a back pressure eliminator (P/N 912542) on the regulator* Hie back pressure eliminator is a black or charcoal gray piece of tubular plastic with holes in one end which is located in the breathing tube outlet of the regulator (P/N 912501)* Under certain circumstances which may exist when a user dons his equipment and checks regulator airflow, the regulator diaphragm may be ruptured by over pressurization if the back pressure eliminator is not in place. Respirators not equipped with the back pressure eliminator can not be considered as NIOSH/MSHA approved. UNAPPROVED CONFIGURATION OF REGULATOR WITHOUT BACK PRESSURE ELIMINATOR APPROVED CONFIGURATION OF REGULATOR WITH BACK PRESSURE ELIMINATOR Questions about this notice or problems found with other NI0SH certified equipment can be directed to the Field Investigations Group, Testing and Certification Branch, Division of Safety Research, 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, phone number: 304-599-7331* Questions about the SurvivAir respirator should be directed to SurvivAir or the nearest SurvivAir distributor. SAL 000046304