Document KG3x895M94MZkyGQNNz22xOZ6

LU227AA Jk&Uidnh^Mili^a u. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 0 410 LDUNOTON a v e n u e NCW YORK 17, M. Y. Security Information Restricted Hot for Publication 2 . *1 June 2, 1953 SUBJECTi SEVENTH ANNUAL BITTER! RESEARCH AND DEVH0PKB1T CONFERENCE To Meobera of the Lead Industrie* Association! Tho Power Sources Branch of the Signal Coipa Engineering Laboratories at Fort liomouth, New Joi-sey, annually sponsors a Battery Research and Development Conference to acquaint the battery Industry with tha progress of Signal Corps Bat tery Research and Developncnt programs and to cnccriragc cooperative Interchange of nforcation on batteries with tho ala of producing a ixre rcpld advancement of knowledge In the battery art. The Conference this year included papers on nuclear batteries and solid ion conductor batteries, tho tine-silver peroxide battery, high rate and secondary batteries including the following systonsi cangrnese dioxide, lead-acid, thermal cells and nickel-cactalun, A spoeial synposlun was also devoted to dry cell batteriea* The Association, as it has in the past, was invited to send a delegate to this Conference which was held on 'lay 13 and lit, 1953, t Asbury Park, New Jorsey. Reports on those papers of specific interest to the lead industry are attached. Other papers with the following titles were also presented and detailed abstracts of any of than are available from tho Association upon request* Investigations on Aliclmrs Cell Systems* - Alfred B, Garrett, Ohio State University Batteries with Improved Storageabllity" - Olin Industries, Inc. Dry Coll Capacity Predictor* - Orcnvillo B. Kills, Power Sources Branch Nuclear Batteries* - Alexander Thoeas, Tracorlab, Inc. Solid Ion Conductor Battcrios" - W, Van dcr Orinten, Ooneral Electric Ccapany Separators" - Taul /. Bruins, Polytochnic Institute of Brooklyn "Coll Design* - J, 9. Bone, taglc-Piehcr Company Radioantlvo Tracer Studies* - John A. DoRo*a, Pattorson, Hoos A Conpany I "5met jyw..ir iymL*irn [ ,lk . ~i.' ' -. ;iit , ' '4 1 /i r.V -y c -T':^ At? . .v -.asix. J AaifilKife^*2aH ril~iwi ~ii -2- Theoretical Considerations* - John B. Conn, Merck & Co., Ine. Uangancso SJoxldo Systana* - Olln Industries, Ine. IhcTsnl Colls* - Harry l. Burney, Jr., Catalyst Resorrch Corporation "Vibratora and lynamotors for '8' Supplies* - Joseph L. lias. Vibration Bcaoarch Laboratories, Ine. The Hegaoslun Dry Cell* - Roy C, Kirk, The Dew Chatlcal Company Tho UegncslisB Dry Cell* - John Hovendon, Power Sources Branch Miniature Low Drain, Long Life Dry Cell* - Olln Industries, Inc. Separators for Dry Cells* - Roland Chireau, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Manganese Dioxide* - Edward W. Soroden, Tennessee Corporation Specification Testing of Manganese Dioxide* - iTilllan F. l!ye, Chemical Thylies Branch Carbon Hloek* - *, V, Pcppard, Godfrey L. Cabot, Inc. He have been requested to caution you that this report la security In formation and is restricted. It contains information effecting the national defense of the United States within tho ne.nr.lng of the espionege laws and tho tranaslaaion or the revelation of its contents in any tsnncr to unauthorised persons la pro hibited by law. Very truly yours, Secretary ('  t'PW.'tlJIIL T impiaj ijjCT.yo'tiPgg nfc imr"*-' Mfeftk LI A2 27 Afc PIC < 5 . SEVENTH al.TUAL BATTER! RESEARCH /O'!) LEVt-bji^ltET CONFERENCE sEcinm iKFOHJtiTica RESTRICTED Nuclear Batteries 9r John R. Coleman Radiation Research Corporation Purposei To investigate the Utilisation of radioactive energy as a direct source cf electrical energy for use as a portable battery having at least a 15-year operating life and an operating temperature of 160F to -65F. Historyt It was found that good insulators 'aider continuous beta radiation first decreaso in resistance, r. r.ch a srJnrmum, and then increase in value, A battery was constructed and demonstrated after a satisfactory accelerated life test on one insulator. Experimental "Torki The induced resistance effect was studied in various insulator* as a function of tine, temperature, and beta current density for application in a battery to supply 57 nicrccicroamps at several thousand volts, T.ie use of hydrogen 3 as a beta sour.-e was investigated for uso in a battery to sopply 1000 nicroedcroamps tilth no detectable external radiation. Transformation means vura studied to supply higher currents at lcxrer voltages. Future Studies j To complete insulation studies and fabrication of tritium batteries. To investigate more ef.lci. nt beta sources, voltage transformers, and vol tage regulators. NOTESi Nuclear Batteries Others are investigating using gamma radiation as potror source. In all cases, shielding ' ill be required and 'ill most likely be lead. The avera3o sito of the battery descri od is 1 cubic inch comprising a steel cup 1 inch in diameter and 1 inch high '.dth an aluminum cletrodo# polystyitnu insulator, and beta source situated centrally. Tho space bet-ten Is iHled v-lth lead probably about 5 ounces for a 1 cubic inch Cull. : 1 f i N 1979.01 m t* ii wj,jBWiw^iwiffJi wjpjgi..tvwyM-w wpgiu m.^.^i^'w i j u ij l u j ^imh ^.^ L I A22747 uUmfm laifati SEVENTH ANW1AL B'.TTERY HESEAHCH TlTimT^SJJ OTITSEIKS--------o d -h j , i^r SECUR1TT IJIFOKUATIOH riLSTRICTED Lcad-Acid Systaa ay H. E. lahn Gould-Xatlonal Batteries, Inc. One-hundred high rate prlnary batteries of the lead-acid systea har* been built and the performance of ample cells treasured. Thcsa cells were dc-slowd fer best performance at the ton clnutc rate using present conaorclal canuf.'during methods carried to the Halt of prac icality in t)>e direction of using thin plates, thin s. pa retors, high ; eld gravity, nlnioua grid velght, end la? density pastes. The performance of these aan.'lb cells has b..n compered rrith that of a'ltoncbilo Lotteries, ane has been found to be b.rt rt hi^h discharge rates. At a t*.n cinuto rite a peexr output has been obtained which is about three tinea that of an automobile battery (per pound of battery), A considerable saving in weight nay b; possible by using aluminum grids and solving the problem: of lv.ad pinting and pasta vdumo. A considerable lnprov cxnt in average voltage night be aade by using still thinner plates and lead plated alunir.ta grids. This we>uld be pnrticub rly import-.nt for discharges lr. the neighborhood of the one ninute r*te. KOTEj i Lead Acid System This report concludes Signal Corps contracts on the investigation of high rate lead-acid systems. Seganling tho usa of load plated alurinu* grids, the author pointed out that .bile this offers a definite mean* of lrproving performance, many pro- lema still exist in the at chrniea of proparing successful grids made stamped sheet aluminum electroplated rith puru lead. : 3 [pg; i N 1979.02 Ll**Ue i irf rt r~ ~Xrttel^r n i ft i i ; : *? 9 I wr SEVtKTH :.mrkl UATTEOT ftSEATCH rHinii!VLuP. ixr ccsf-kiHct oTj~-ffi7~gyT------------------- sixuRirr ik f o r h a t io k RESTRICTED Hickel-Catfcdun Systoa Hr H. V. Koran Sonotone Corporation Purposes The purposo of this contract is to develop and design a readily activated reserve battery, eapatlo of dry chargod storage for extended p;rlods of ti.Dc based on the secondary sintered plat* nickel-eadadua alkaline electrochemical system, and the improveount of high rate rtiaciiargc characteristics so that the capacity at the ono aituto rate ap proaches as closely as possible the capacity after the ono hour rata, Experiaental Tort: This is a continuation of vrork reported a year ajo. Dry Charging Methods of charging, trashing end drying cells nhich rcro used for evaluation of dry -harming are described. Cells prepared ty these techniques shou activated capacities op to IS' of normal capacity used as a secondary cell, Permanent loaa of capacity after dry charging activation and r-cycling cacunts to y% and 1DJC, Celia vacuum dried with electrolyte and activated with water showed lower voltage levels tut not permanent loss of capacity cn recycling. How ever, loss of arailaala voltage occurs on storage a. n theugh the charge retention to lorr end volte,*c is nearly 100$. Experiments were perfora-d on the electrochemical fencing plat.s, assembling tliea into cells and acti vating idth KOH solution. Loss in capvit} ranjo ouch higher than rhen cells as a whole ere dry charged. As a result of this work, the oxidized fora of the negative active icatcrlal is found to be CdO, ZHjO, U as'irenenta of the resistance of various separators xaaiit-d for suitability for nick< l-eadmiua cells are reported. Vork on Improving High Rate Performance of Nickcl-Cadmiua Systoa. 1, "ork on sinteriiy *1110 plaques. 2, '*ork on loading other thin plaques, 3, "orfc on high rate discharge ter thin plate colls. Future storage testa luv lcate the loss of negative capacity, fhethar this is duo to tho ays tea or is due to cxt^rn'l leaks of air into the dry cells vrill have to be determined. Thinner plaques in process will yeild still better utilisation at tho one ainut* rate. at* H,-J "`e-'-H'" ' ~-T- 'V--W>|)MU -- mull I' -UW' N 1979.03 T ` -Lii|.aw--w w p ----pw-CT.iiiij jy.tyii.'i^! LIA22749 !HUM<kLMUa>A srra.Tn a n n u a l r .t t e r t r es ear c h ;.n z z -.il t z KT c 4!7Lx H;e--------U.V I3-U1, SECUHITT IKFO'iUATIOH RESTRICTED Nickel-Cadmium System By- Arthur Fleischer Nickel Cactiua Battery Corporation Purposoi The purpose of the research investigation is to determine the be havior of the negative plate of the sintered-plcte nlckol-cadaiuo alkaline storage battery cn cycling and to deviao methods for improving the per formance of the negative plates. Experimental "oriel Cycling tests on test cells assembled with an element of one nega tive plate end a positive group oi two plates cf the siie and thickness suppliod in the E3-221/U r.placen.nt batt.'ry ha/e been continued at dis charge rates of 10 and 37.; amp. res. The latter iate, corresponding to the current density en discharge at the cranking rate of 300 amperes for the BB-7'l/U battery, has been adopted for screening tests because it al lows a maxima schedule without automatic cycling equipment. The program has included the testing of plates prepared rith a vari ation in conditions of i.-pr\gnrtion and the testing of cells with a vari 1 ation in as.cnbly components and electrolyte composition. Tho effect of iron has beer. studi.d in plates prepared by ' Ir.tering editor.3 of iron oxide and c'rror.yl nickel powder, k a/ing in preparative tine has b.-cn shorn to be feasible In tiiat plates impregnated ir. only cno cycle of tr atn.nt show the characteristic behavior of cycling. I'sing such plat-s, it h-.s been shown that Hlbititc reagent increases the coeiflci. nt of utilisation cf tho negative active material 'lt.hout influ.ncing appre-:iably tl.c cycling characteristics. An inproveme nt In the cycling characteristics has been achieved in colls asstcble-d 'rith felted jclluloso ( "cbril) separators. Various observations on the behavior of the test cells during cycling, tho effect of electrolyte cha-vgo, and nna.lysus of tho plnti-S after cycling **ill bo cited as factors to be consider.d in tho development of a rorfng hypothesis on tho cycling characteristics of the sintered ncga.lva plate. Future: Cycling studios -dll be centinu.d d..4i emphasis on the evaluation of addition agents consisting of or5eec ca-.po nls that affuct the cycling characteristics of U10 negative plain. v ,LUI'H|IPJ.U X \979-4