Document K8NYKRB21KZQg2p3xOLKB2dQ
r
onsa nto
plasficizers
uses
properties
pecifications
J
extrusions plastic free films molding compounds in surface coatings
, i adhesives
synthetic rubber
textile and paper coatl-
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LEXOLDMON005124 WATER PCB-00030442
SI l MUN
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PLASTICIZERS Q| Introduction
U The Monsanto Line of Plasticizers
0 How a Plasticizer Works
SELECTING THE RIGHT PLASTICIZER UJ Choose tiie Riyht Plustio/ei -- To Build Quality
fe Monsanto Plasticizers for Vinyl Resins
Hj Monsanto Plasticizers for I hei moseffincj Resins
viuggM Monsanto Plasticizers for Cellulosics
Q Monsanto Plasticizers for Other Resins
PAGE
3
5
7 9
15 17 21 27 29 33
APPLICATION DATA ON VARIOUS PLASTICIZERS
Comparative Performance, Permanence and Cost of Various Plasticizers in Polyvinyl Chloride
Plasticizer Properties Imparted to Various Com patible Resins
Plustmzeis Most Useful Yv'itn Various Compatible Resms
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37 39 41
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LEXOLDMON005125 WATER PCB-00030443
SI C I IC'N
/ DATA ON INDIVIDUAL MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS
PAGE
43
L 11 .i.11.>.!I unci I'lr/:,ii. .il l'i..|j<;i lies umJ i>|>ccifitutions uf Monsunto Plasticizer v
45
I VIs>.iI Curves lor Phosphate Phisliciieis. Tmrejyl Phosphate, Sunlitizer 140 and Sunhcizor 14]
|Q GRAPH M
Viscosity Curves for Phthulyl Glycollotes: Scmiicizer li-16, bunlitizei -16 unci .'junlicizei M-i/
|Q ORAPH III
Viscosily Curves for Phthulute Plusticizers: Di{n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthctkile, Diisooctyl Phthokrle, Dioctyl Phthol* ute uml Diisodecyl Phlhcilciie
Q ORAPH IV
Viscosity Curves for Phthulute Plasticizers: Dibutyl .Phtholcile, Diethyl Phthulute, Dimethyl Phthalote and Santicwer 1 60
51 53 55
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Lityrulury Avuilubly on Muiminlo Pluiliciznn
n
Tyclinical Scnvito Avoilubln
57 59
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background information on plasticizers
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i
introduction the Monsanto line of plasticixers how a plasticizer works
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introduction
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PJasticizers are low melting solids or high boiling organic liquids. They are added to plastic compositions and surface coatings to extend or modify the natural properties of the resins and to develop new, improved properties not present 4n the resins themselves.
Plasticizers have grown in importance with the growth of the plastics and surface coating industries. New basic resins have required new plasticizing agents; older materials have found wider application because of improved properties developed through the use of unique plasticizers or plasticizer combinations.
As one of the major producers of chemicals for industry, Monsanto offers manufacturers of resin-based products a complete line of plasticizing agents. These plasticizers range from "standard" products to new, specialty plasticizers formulated to create improved properties in plastics and surface coatings. These properties range from flame retardency to improved low temperature flexibility. Monsanto plasticizers can impart such properties as improved flexibility, higher gloss, better weather resistance, good electrical properties, solvent and abrasion resistance, and many others.
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LEXOLDMON005130 WATER PCB-00030448
the Monsanto line of plasticizers
SANTICIZER8, HR-20: Trade Marks for Monsanto resin plosticixeri.
AROCLOR: Trade Mark for Monsanto chlorinated polyphenyls.
LEXOLDMON005131 WATER PCB-00030449
For free film, lacquers, paper and textile coatings, rubber, and molded products- Monsanto supplies plasticizers that will extend or modify the properties of substantially any resin or combination of resins, natural or synthetic. Special properties not present in base resins can be added, processing expedited, and the performance of the finished product vastly improved when plastics are compounded with plasticizers exactly suited to the need,
Monsanto offers the trade a complete line of quality plasticizers. Raw materials, processing, and quality control -- the three factors most important to purity and stability -- arc closely supervised to assure optimum, dependable performance of Monsanto plasticizers serving the diverse requirements of the plastics industry.
More than half a century of experience in the manufacture of organic chemicals enables Monsanto to produce the finest quality plasticizers for natural or synthetic resin applications. Both liquid and solid plasticizers are available. These compounds are of five chemical types:
Adipates Phthalates
I| Phthalyl Glycollates 1 Phosphates \ Sulfonamides
In addition, Monsanto supplies a number of specialty plasticizers with outstanding performance characteristics in specific applications.
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LEXOLDMON005132 WATER PCB-00030450
how a plasticizer works
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The entire plastics industry is based upon the art of obtaining plasticity of one kind or another in high molecular weight resins. Aside from possible modifications of the molecule itself, base resins may be plasticized by heat, solvents, or plasticizers.
Heat contributes plasticily at some processing stage for practically all thermoplastic resins. However, once a thermoplastic is cooled -- this plasticizing effect disappears. Solvents, too, arc employed during the initial compounding of some thermoplastic molding materials and in the manufacture of lacquers and surface coatings. But like heat, the effect of solvents is temporary -- once they have evaporated, the resin is left, in its original state.
Plasticizers impart relatively permanent flexibility, toughness, and improved flow. They arc chemically related to solvents -- the usual basis for classification is the degree of volatility; plasticizers being relatively nonvolatile compounds, solvents possessing much higher volatility.
Thermosetting resins in their final infusible, insoluble state are held together in a three dimensional network by primary chemical bonds, This structure strongly resists outside forces, whether these forces be heat or the "separating" action of a solvent or plasticizer.
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LEXOLDMON005134 WATER PCB-00030452
Thermoplastic resins, on the other hand, are held together by primary chemical bonds in a longitudinal direction only. These chemical bonds operate only along the length of the polymer chain. The binding forces between chains are the Van der Waal forces or secondary bonds. These between-chain bunds are of a physical rather than chemical nature and thus are more susceptible to modification by external
II) PER CENT OF PLASTICIZER
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LEXOLDMON005135 WATER PCB-00030453
forces than primary chemical bonds. Consequently, plasticizing a thermoplastic resin consists basically of a controlled modification of the attractive forces between molecular chains, The extent of plasticizing action depends in part upon the molecular structure of the polymer and in part on the molecular structure of the plasticizer,
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LEXOLDMON005136 WATER_PCB-00030454
The attractive forces or bonds between the chains vary in magnitude and number with the resin. The polymer chains of some resins are strongly bonded together by many cross-tying attractive forces, others are more loosely knit. The stronger the bonding forces between the polymer, the more highly polar must be the plasticizer. Rubber and neoprene, for example, are less strongly bonded than cellulose acetate or polyamide resins. Compounds such as hydrocarbons can be used to plasticize the more weakly bonded resins, but polyvinyl chloride or cellulose acetate require polar plasticizers plus heat and sometimes solvents to aid in compounding.
Plasticizers, like solvents, are attracted by the polar groups on the polymer chain and replace polymer-polymer bonds with polymerplasticizer bonds. In addition, the sheer bulk of a plasticizer molecule and the configuration of its grouping disrupts the forces between chains. At high concentrations the plasticizer forms a continuous phase in which the separated chains can move. In such concentrations, the state of the plasticized mass is apt to be a soft gel.
Because of the size of most plasticizer molecules, it is frequently necessary to use heat, solvents, or a combination of both to aid in "loosening up" the resin structure to incorporate the plasticizer. Polyvinyl chloride, for example, is compounded with plasticizers at elevated temperatures. At room temperatures, the plasticizer does not adequately separate the polymer chains because of the strong secondary linkages or Van der Waal forces. Thus the incorporation of camphor in cellulose nitrate is aided by the action of heat and, in addition, solvents.
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Plasticizers arc an essential aid in processing most resins and to impart flexibility and added toughness to the finished product. Without the softening action of the plasticizer, mans' resins could not be fabricated into films. : beets or useful molded articles. Plasticizers are used to improve the flow of resins through a die or into a mold Plasticizers have made po.-.sidle many uses of resins in the molding of intricate forms. By improving rosin adhesion, flexibility, and outdoor durability, plastiei/ors ,d. o made possible the development of lacquers for automobile and household uses.
Mechanically, a plasticizer reduces somewhat the tensile strength, and increases the elongation and elasticity of a resin. To possess really high elasticity, (he polymer chain must be* able to kink readily. In cellulose derivatives, the chains are themselves relatively stiff and no amount of plasticizing can ever produce the flexible elastomers that can be obtained with the mure extensible molecules such as polyvinyl chloride.
By decreasing the forces holding the chains together, the plasticizer also lowers the vitrification point, sometimes calk'd tin' "(lex temperature," or brittle point.
Although in practice all efficient plasticizers are polar compounds, the polarity characteristics are not a complete guide to the evaluation of a plasticizer, ()lhcr eunsiderations sued as compatibility, permanence, efficiency and economy determine its suitability. In addition, certain plasticizers are used to impart special properties not inherent in the resin flame reiardence, for example.
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LEXOLDMON005138 WATER_PCB-00030456
selecting the right plasticizer
A
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LEXOLDMON005139 WATER PCB-00030457
a CHOOSI THI RIGHT PUStlCIZER-TO RUILti QUALITY
1. Compatibility 2. Processing ease 3. Performance 4. Permanence 3. Special propertiei
Ftame Resistance Nontoxicity tetter Clou Good Adhesion Solvent Reslilonee Electrical Properties
MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS FOR VINYL RESINS
T. Extrusion* 2. Milled and calendered stocks 3. Plastisols and organosols 4. Polyvinyl acetate
C MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS FOR THERMOSETTING RESINS
1. Phenollcs 2. Melaminei 3. Ureas 4. Polyesters
MONSANTO PlASTICIZBtS FOR CELLULOSICS
1. Cellulose nitrate 2. Cellulose acetate and acetate-butyrate 3. Ethyl cellulose
MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS FOR OTHER RESINS
1. Polystyrene latex 2. Chlorinated rubber 3. Polyamides and nylon 4. Casein and zem
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LEXOLDMON005140 WATER PCB-00030458
choose the right plasticizer --
to build quality
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LEXOLDMON005141 WATER PCB-00030459
The quality of the plasticizer and the properties it imparts are as important to the final product as the resin itself. Frequently (unless the plasticizer is carefully selected) a desired resin modification may be obtained at the expense of other properties inherent in the base resin. Compounding ingredients such as fillers, colors, lubricants, stabilizers, etc., are all of secondary importance. If the plasticizer is not perfectly suited to a specific commercial application, the other modifying agents are of little use. Choosing the right plasticizer involves consideration of all the following factors:
1. compatibility
The compatibility of a plasticizer with a resin is a function of its polarity, molecular size and structural configuration. Slightly incompatible plasticizers may often be made compatible through the use of mutual solvents or other plasticizers.
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LEXOLDMON005142 WATER PCB-00030460
2. processing ease Plasticizers differ in their solvating effects on a given resin. Those which have a strong solvating effect speed up the rates of calendering, banbury mixing, extrusion, plastisol fusion and other processing. Choosing a plasticizer which will give increased processing efficiency is an important means of reducing manufacturing costs, or of increasing production with existing equipment.
3. performance Plasticizer choice has a profound effect on such performance characteristics of a plastic as the following: Hardness, flexibility, tensile and tear strength, abrasion resistance, flame resistance, odor, and color. The expected end-use of a plasticized resin determines the relative importance of the above factors.
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LEXOLDMON005143 WATER PCB-00030461
permanence
The "in service" performance of a plasticizer involves the factors which affect permanence; namely, low volatility, solvent resistance, good heat and light stability and resistance to migration. Generally, volatility decreases as plasticizer molecular weight increases. Heat and light stability and odor of a plasticizer depend upon its chemical type and its purity. Purity also determines plasticizer color and taste. Optimum performance qualities can be obtained by proper selection of raw materials, modern methods of manufacture and close quality control. These practices characterize Monsanto plasticizer production.
special properties
flame resistance nontoxicity better gloss good adhesion solvent resistance electrical properties
Beyond meeting basic requirements, a number of Monsanto plasticizers are designed to add specific properties to the end product. Wider application of resin materials and more merchandisable finished products are possible through special properties imparted to end products by proper selection of plasticizers. Monsanto plasticizers may be chosen to impart flame resistance, improved electrical properties, greater low temperature flexibility, nontoxicity, improved solvent and abrasion resistance, etc. The information which follows will aid in the selection of Monsanto plasticizers for given applications and resins.
a
CONTINUtD
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LEXOLDMON005144 WATER PCB-00030462
Monsanto plasticizers for
vinyl resins
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LEXOLDMON005145 WATER PCB-00030463
1. extrusions
wire and cable coatings
Monsanto's Dioctyl Phthalate possesses excellent electrical properties in vinyl wire and cable insulations. It is the major plasticizer for formulating Underwriter's type T and type TW 60 C. wire compound. Extender plasticizers are used to reduce cost in these formulations. Tricresyl Phosphate is recommended for flame retardant jacket stock and for 80 C. wire compounds. Santicizer 160 is of value in type SPT wire insulation where advantage can be taken of its excellent processing characteristics and low cost. HB-20 can also be used as an extender type plasticizer in these formulations. Diisodecyl Phthalate and Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate are of value for compounds requiring good electrical and heat-aging properties.
hose and tubing
For garden hose a plasticizer combination of Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP), Santicizer 160 and Dioctyl Adipate gives top quality. Similar quality at less cost can be obtained with Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate and Santicizer 160. For beverage and hospital tubing, Santicizer B-16 and Santicizer 141 are completely nontoxic and most useful. Monsanto DOP is nontoxic and acceptable for all food applications excepting those foods which have a high fat content.
welting, gasket stocks and miscellaneous extrusions Plasticizer combinations of Dioctyl Phthalate, Santicizer 141 and a polymeric type plasticizer offer top quality, good processing formulations. For lower cost, quality formulations Dioctyl Phthalate-Santicizer 160 plasticizer blends with high filler content and extended with secondary type plasticizers such as HB-20 are useful. Santicizer 160 is extremely useful in highly filled stocks because of its good filler-wetting and resin solvation characteristics.
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LEXOLDMON005146 WATER PCB-00030464
milled and calendered stocks
film and sheeting For quality film a plasticizer blend of Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate and Santicizer 141, stabilized with polymeric type plasticizers, offer maximum light-, flame- and extraction-resistance and ease of processing. Santicizer 160 is used to reduce cost and improve resistance to extraction by oil and kerosene, as well as to speed up processing. HB-20 is useful for reducing cost. A low cost flame resistant film of good quality can be made with a blend of Dioctyl Phthalate or Diisodecyl Phthalate with Santicizer 141 or 140, plus Santicizer 160 and Dioctyl Adipate.
nontoxic films Santicizers 141, B-16 and -15 are fully approved by the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as being nontoxic for use in packaging for all types of meat and food products. Monsanto Dioctyl Phthalate is approved for contact with all foods except those which are fatty in nature.
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LEXOLDMON005147 WATER PCB-00030465
sheeting
In sheeting, Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate is a superior plasticizer for imparting permanence and excellent flexibility at a moderate cost, Diisodecyl Phthalate or Dioctyl Phthalate combined with Santicizer 160 and either Santicizer 140 or 141 all permit good quality medium-cost formulations, (See Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-70: "Monsanto plasticizers in Polyvinyl Chloride Film and Sheeting.")
floor coverings Santicizer 160 and 140 and Tricresyl Phosphate are most useful in all types of vinyl flooring. These plasticizers and combinations of them tolerate large amounts of filler, process well, impart excellent permanence characteristics such as low volatility, good heat and light stability and resistance to extraction by oils, water and soaps. Santicizer 160 and the Phosphate Plasticizers do not have a bluing effect during heat degradation with asbestos fillers. These plasticizers resist staining by asphalt and common food staining agents.
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LEXOLDMON005148 WATER PCB-00030466
plastisols and organosols Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate imparls to vinyl plastisols and organosols low initial viscosity and slow viscosity build-up on aging. Diisodecyl Phthalate, Diisooctyl Phthalate and Dioctyl Phthalate follow in this order of viscosity build-up. Dioctyl Adipate and Diisodecyl Adipate, while higher priced, are superior for low viscosity. Santicizcr 141 and Santicizer 160 are useful in blends with Dioctyl Phthalate or Di(n-Oc.tyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate for improving fusion characteristics and speeding up production cycles. HR-20 is useful as an extender type plasticizer. Ortho-Nitrohiphenyl (ONB) finds a specialized use in plastisols for glove dipping because of its low cost and good fusion characteristics.
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LEXOLDMON005149 WATER PCB-00030467
polyvinyl acetate
coatings For latex paint applications. Dibutyl Phthalate and Santicizer 160 are recommended because of their good film formation characteristics, permanence and pigment stability, For paper coatings. Santicizer B-16 and Santicizer 141 are particularly recommended because of their grease resistance and nontoxicity.
adhesives Dimethyl Phthalate, Diethyl Phthalate. Dibutyl Phthalate, Santicizer 160, Tricrest/l Phosphate. Triphenyl Phosphate. Santolite MHP and Santolite MS all find utility in various adhesive formulations. (For details, see Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. 0-99: "Monsanto plasticizers in Synthetic Resin Adhesives.")
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Monsanto plasticizers for
thermosetting resins
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LEXOLDMON005151 WATER PCB-00030469
phenolics
Dibutyl Phthalate and Santicizer 160 are recommended for plasticizing phenolics where good cold- and hot-punch characteristics are desired. Tricresyl Phosphate is useful for making flame-retardant la'minates.
c
melamines
Santicizer 9 may be reacted with the Melamines directly, or added after their condensation to impart better flow characteristics, stability and shock resistance. Normally, from 15% to 25% of Santicizer 9 is used.
ureas
Santicizer 9 is used as flow aid in the molding of urea plastics (improvement results from as little as Vz % to 1 %). Santicizer 9 can also be used with ureas to improve flow characteristics and solution stability in coatings.
polyesters Tricresyl Phosphate, Santicizer 160 and Santicizer M-17 can be used with Polyester laminating resins to improve flexibility and to lessen cracking around metallic inserts.
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Monsanto plasticizers for
ce llulosi cs
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1, cellulose nitrate
lacquers Dibufi/I Phthalate is the standard plasticizer for nitrocellulose lacquers. It possesses good solvent characteristics, good solvent release and satisfactory properties from the standpoint of volatility and cold check. Where lower volatility and better cold check characteristics are required, Santicizer 160 and Dioctyl Phthalate are recommended. Santicizer 160 combines low cost, excellent resistance to water and hydrocarbons, low volatility and good cold check properties. Ortho-Nitrobiphcnyl is useful in low cost industrial coatings where good color and low odor are not prime requisites. Santolite MHP and Santolite MS-80' '< are particularly useful because of their clarity, adhesive qualities and heat-sealing characteristics in such applications as fingernail lacquers, and heat-sealing adhesives. (See Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-94: "santolite mhp and santolite ms-80'i Industrial Resins.")
moldings and sheeting Camphor is the traditional plasticizer, although it has been partly replaced or extended in some instances by Ortho-Nitrobiphenyl.
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LEXOLDMON005154 WATER PCB-00030472
cellulose acetate and acetate-butyrate
moldings A plasticizer blend of Dimethyl Phthalate, Diethyl Phthalate and Triphenyl Phosphate'in approximately equal proportions offers optimum molding characteristics and physical properties as well as economy for cellulose acetate moldings. Ortho-Nitrobiphenyl is useful for reducing costs while imparting good properties.
sheeting Santicizer M-17 yields a top quality cellulose acetate sheeting with excellent resistance to outdoor aging and good flexibility. A plasticizer blend of Diethyl Phthalate and Triphenyl Phosphate in the ratio of 2 to 1 is also useful for good quality sheeting.
coatings Santicizer 8 and Santicizer M-17 are useful for coatings which are resistant to grease and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Plasticizers of good efficiency such as Dioctyl Phthalate and Dioctyl Adipate are useful in cellulose acetate-butyrate sheeting and coatings.
LEXOLDMON005155 WATER PCB-00030473
ethyl cellulose
moldings and sheeting Dibutyl Phthalate and Triphenyl Phosphate are most useful as primary plasticizers. Low cost oils and petroleum products are used as extenders.
coatings The phthalyl glycollates and the sulfonamide plasticizers are useful for coatings where advantage can be taken of their low toxicity and extraction resistance characteristics. Solid plasticizers such as Diphenyl Phthalate and Santicizer 1-H are useful with ethyl cellulose for making delayed-tack heat sensitive adhesives.
hot melts Dioctyl Phthalate, Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate and Santicizer 160 are useful in ethyl cellulose hot melts for paper coatings, shoe adhesives, bookbinding adhesives, etc.
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LEXOLDMON005156 WATER PCB-00030474
Monsanto plasticizers for
other resins
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polystyrene latex
Santicizer 160 is most useful as a plasticizer for polystyrene latices because of its good solvation characteristics, low volatility and excellent weathering properties. Plasticizer combinations of Diethyl Phthalate and Aroclov 12-18 are also useful as a reduced cost system with good properties.
2. chlorinated rubber
Dibutyl Phthalate and Santicizer B-16 are useful for imparting flexibility, Monsanto Aroelors are useful for their chemical resistance, flexibilizing properties and low cost. (See Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-126: "Aroelors in--Pliolite S-5 Resins")
3. polyamides and nylon
The sulfonamide plasticizers (particularly Santicizer 8) are most useful as plasticizers which impart additional flexibility. Santicizer 9, a high melting point sulfonamide, is of interest in hot melt type adhesives.
4. casein and zein
Santicizer 8 is a solvent type primary plasticizer for these resins. Santicizer B-16 and Santicizer 141 are useful in combination with oleic acid in zein paper coatings.
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LEXOLDMON005158 WATER PCB-00030476
application data on various plasticizers
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LEXOLDMON005159 WATER PCB-00030477
II
TabU I Comparative Performance, Permanence ond Cost of Various Plasticizers in Polyvinyl Chloride
TabU II Plasticizer Properties imported to Various Compatible Resins
Table III Plasticizers Most Useful With Various Compatible Resins
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LEXOLDMON005160 WATER PCB-00030478
comparative performance, permanence
and cost of Monsanto plasticizers
in polyvinyl chloride*
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PLASTICIZER PROPERTY ANO METHOD
PHTHALATES
an _i y
ou iq
a
O
II 5 '
PHOSPHATES
ADIPATES GLYCOLLATES j
z? v;
t Is
|s
u o, u-
S5 zi i < <<
u
a
<
<
LOW TEMPERATURE FLEXIBILITY. ` C.
(Method of Cloth ond Berg Ind. A Eng. Chem. 34, 1218)
-39'
--37-
--23'
-- 46
--35 -10'
--16'
-37 1 -65
--61
-26.5
- 18
SHORE HARDNESS, "A" SCALE
72
73
72
75
75 j 78
77
73 I 70
73
FLAME-OUT TIME, SECONDS
(After Heating 30 Sect, with Bumen Burner)
100
45
0
0
38 !
100
VOLATILITY, % PLASTICIZER LOST
(Heated 24 Hu. at 105' C. in Freot Circulating Air Oven)
60.5
4.5
12.0
1.3
1.6
1.0 3.4 6.0
3.0
3.4 I 12.0
30.3
WATER EXTRACTION, % PLASTICIZER LOST
(ASTM D57C-42)
0.11
0.02
0.05
0.03
0.02 i 0.01
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.07 I 0.13
0.52
KEROSENE EXTRACTION, % PLASTICIZER LOST
(Exirocted 96 Hu. at 27' C.)
j j
25.1
80.0
6.1
85.6
87.0 : 3 0
8.0
20.6
91.0
92.0
PLASTICIZER MIGRATION, % ABSORBED
(Linde Silico Tetl, 1 Doy ot 25 C. J. R. Geenty in Third Annual Proceedingt SPI, 1951)
2.0 1.6 5.1
2.0 0.4 1.5 4.0
MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM > MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH
HIGH
Moteriol Tetled wot 40 MIL Sheet at 40% Platticiier Concentration. $*NIICIZER: Rg. u. S. Pol. Oil.
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LEXOLDMON005162 WATER PCB-00030480
PLASTICIZER
PHTHA LATES
PHTHALYL 6LYCOLLATE5
PROPERTIES
DIMETHYL DIETHYL
DIBUTYL DIPHENYL
BUTYL BENZYL (S. 160)
DIOCTYL
Dl
& Dl- (n-OCTYl,
ISOOCTYL n-DECYl)
DIISO- | S. 5-15
S. B-16
S. M-17
LIGHT COLOR
XX
X
X
X
X
X'
X
X
X
LOW ODOR
X
XX XX
1 NONTOXICITY
- M
**
XX
z SOFTENING EFFICIENCY
XX
XX E XXXX
FILM FORMATION OR
PROCESSING EASE
X XX
TENSILE AND TEAR STRENGTH
X XX
E EE
X
X;
X
X
X
XXXXXX
Of LOW TEMP. FLEXIBILITY
XX
XX EXXXX
HEAT SEALABILITY OR SENSITIVITY
XX E X
X
X
X
X
X
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
X XXXX
FLAME RESISTANCE
u,
;u
'z
Ul
z
<
k IU &
'
LOW VOLATILITY
LIGHT AND HEAT STABILITY
WATER OR MOISTURE RESISTANCE
GREASE RESISTANCE
NONMIORATION
NONNUTRIENT FOR FUNGI
COST
XX X XX E E
X
XX X X
XXXXX
XXX X
XXXXX
X LOW
XX X
XX
X
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
XXXXX
X LOW
!
X
x:
X
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM j HIGH
X
X HIGH
X
X high ;
`Properties considered for those resins most commonly used with the given plosticl rer.
X Denotes special value.
39 "Toxicity work indicates these compounds have o low order of toxicity. They have not
E Denotes exc eptionol value.
yet been approved by the BAI or FDA, however.
061<ibC,0
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LEXOLDMON005163 WATER PCB-00030481
plasticizer properties imparted to various compatible resins*
------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !'
C
Tt
o z
P H O S P HATES
$
AMID ES
A D 1 P AXES i MISCELLANEOUS
1 ORTHO-
TRIPHENYL TRICRESYL
S. 140 i S. 141
S. 1-H
S. 3
S. 8
S.9
DIOCTYL
D|- i
ISODECYL !
HR.5n u
NITROBIPHENYL
i (ONB)
X X X X X X X Xj X
XXX
X X x.
1
1
X X
X
i
EE
X
X
EE EEE XXX
;X X E X X;X X E E1X
X X
X
-- E
XX E
XX EXX
X E X XXX X
X E X E;
XX
X
XX XXX
X
XX
XXX
XXXX
XX X
Imedium
MEDIUM : MEDIUM
MEDIUM
X HIGH
XXX
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
X
HIGH
x;
XXX
X
XX
HIGH 1
LOW
x x
LOW
i 1 1
,
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LEXOLDMON005164 WATER PCB-00030482
PLASTICIZER
PHTHALATES
PHTHAIYL OLYCOllATES
i 1 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 1 AND COPOLYMERS
' DIMKTHYl DIETHYL
DIBUTYL
DIPHENYL
BUTYL BENZYL
DIOCTYL
Dl
B DU <*-OCTYl
ISOOCTYL n-DICYL)
DIISO DICYl
SI-15
-
1
JB.14 S.M.I7
XXXXX
XX
VI POLYVINYL ACETATE
XXXXX
XX
Z POLYVINYL BUTYRAl
XX
POLYVINYLIDENE CHLO u RIDE AND COPOLYMERS
1X
X
NITROCELLULOSE VI VI
< VI mi
CELLULOSE ACETATE
CELLULOSE ACETATE.
0 IU
BUTYRATE
U
s ETHYL CELLULOSE
X XX
XX
X Xx
X XX
XX
1
X X X X XX
UJ ACRYLICS
POLYSTYRENE 1u
IV
.X ; . t-
o
CHLORINATED RUBBER
POLYAMIDES AND NYLON
XX XXX
XX ' ;
X
X
ZKIN AND CASEIN
X
PHENOLICS
XX
| MELAMINES
I UREAS
POLYESTERS
X D*not*i tpciol volva. S. Donotoi SANTICIZERi R.g. U. S. Pol. OH.
T H E R M O S E T T IN G
LEXOLDMON005165 WATER PCB-00030483
plasticizers most useful with various compatible resins
PHOSPHATES
SULFONAM 0 E S
ADIPATES ( MISCELLANEOUS
ORTHO-
| TRIPHENYL TRICRESYl
S. 140
S. 141 I S. 1-H
S. 3
s. s
S. 9
I DIOCTYl
D1ISODECYL
HB-20
NITROBIPHENYL
(ONB)
XX
XX
XX X X X X X X
X X
I I
X
X
X
xxx
X
[
X
XX x X iX X
X X
X X X
X X
X X
X
42 061^66^
LEXOLDMON005166 WATER PCB-00030484
data on individual Monsanto plasticizers
43 1)6 l*t>64
LEXOLDMON005167 WATER PCB-00030485
a
Chemical and Physical Properties and Specifications of
Monsanto Plasticizers
.
Q Graph I
Viscosity Curves for Phosphate Plasticizers: Tricresyl Phosphate, Santicizer 140 and Santicizer 141
I
Graph II Viscosity Curves for Phthalyl Glycoilates: Santicizer B-16, San ticizer E-15 and Santicizer M-17
Q Graph III Viscosity Curves for Phthalate Plasticizers-. Di (n-Octyl, n-Decyl I Phthalate, Diisooctyl Phthalate, Dioctyl Phthalate and Diisodecyl Phthalate
Q Graph IV Viscosity Curves for Phthalate Plasticizers: Dibutyl Phthalate, Diethyl Phthalate, Dimethyl Phthalate and Santicizer 160
44
CblHbbb
LEXOLDMON005168 WATER_PCB-00030486
PLASTICIZER PROPERTY
P HTH A LATES
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
DIETHYL PHTHALATE
DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
DIPHENYL PHTHALATE
SANTICIZtR 160
I/I Ui
< *I at 1U < a.
0
1 at
PHYSICAL FORM
molecular WEIGHT SPECIFIC GRAVITY 25725 C.
POUNDS PER GALLON
!
i<
jU
>.z
:
CRYSTALLIZING POINT BOILING POINT (760 MM) FLASH POINT, CLEVELAND OPEN CUP REFRACTIVE INDEX, 25' C.
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
390.5
0.962
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
278.3
1.045
6.2 8.75
-55' C. (GEL)
386 C. (APP.) 2306 C. 5MM
425 F.
1.4640
LESS THAN -- 35 C. 340 C.
340 F. 1.4915
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
222.2 1.120
9.35
-0.3" C.
298" C.
305" F. 1.5002
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
194.2 1.189
10
0" C.
282" C.
300" F, 1.5138
WHITE POWDER
318.3 1.28 DENSITY
69 C. 405" C.
435" F. 1.572
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
312.4
1.116
9.3
LESS THAN -35 C. 370 C. (APPROX.)
390 F.
1.5356
SPE
: (A Z 0 h< u Ik
i !
APPEARANCE
CLEAR, OILY
LIQUID
CLEAR, OILY
LIQUID
COLOR, APHA
25 MAX.
20 MAX.
ODOR
1-----------------------------------CHARAC
TERISTIC
SLIGHT
REFRACTIVE INDEX, 25 C.
1.4810 1.4880
1.4905 0.001
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 25725 C.
0.980 0.985
1,045 0.001
ACIDITY OTHER
AS PHTHALIC ACID, 0.01%
MAX.
0.01% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
ESTER ASSAY 99% MIN.
45
CLEAR, WATER-WHITE
OILY LIQUID
10 MAX.
CLEAR, WATER-WHITE
OILY LIQUID
10 MAX.
SLIGHTLY AROMATIC
SLIGHTLY AROMATIC
1.5000 0.0001
1.5133 0.001
ESSENTIALLY WHITE FUSED SOLID
CLEAR, OILY
LIQUID
40 MAX.
. . .. . . ________ SLIGHT,
CHARAC TERISTIC
1.534 TO 1.538
1.1 17 0.005
1.189 0.001
1.1 13 TO 1.120
0.01% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
ESTER ASSAY, 99% MIN.
0.01% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
ESTER ASSAY 99% MIN,
0.20% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
0.02% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
FREE PHENOL 0.20% MAX.
ASH 0.05% MAX.
MOISTURE 0.50% MAX.
1
ESTER ASSAY 98% MIN.
Qbl*6t>0
LEXOLDMON005169 WATER PCB-00030487
DIISOOCTYl PHTHAIATE
1 I
DIISODECYl PHTHALATE
!
DI(n-OCTYl, n-DECYL)
PHTHAIATE
P H O S P HATE S
j
TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE
TRIPHENYL ' SANTICIZER*
PHOSPHATE
140
SANTICIZER 141
s u L F O NAM
SANTICIZER 3
SANTICIZER 8
SANTIC 9
OllY LIQUID
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
CLEAR, !
WHITE FLAKES
,
MOBILE LIQUID
!
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
PRACTICALLY WHITE SOLID
CLEAR, VISCOUS
LIQUID
FINE GRANU. PART1CL
390.5
446.3
416.3
368.4
,
326.4
340.3
362.4
199.3
199.3
171 :
0.982
' 0.9650
0.9730
1.162
1.268 (AT 60/20 C.)
1.208
1.090
1.253 DENSITY
1 190
l .35: DENSP
B.2 8.05 8.1 9.7
10 (APPROX.)
9.1
9.92
. --45 C.
-53 C.
-- 30 C.
LESS THAN -35 C.
233 C. AT 5 MM
l 249-256 C. AT j 232-267 C, AT i 4 MM : 5 MM
420 C.
49 C. 370 C.
LESS THAN -- 35 C.
390 C. ;
375 C.
59.0 C. (MELT ING POINTI
LESS THAN 0 c.
105 (MELTING
340 C.
340' C.
360J
430 F.
450 F.
1 426 F.
470 F.
437 F.
450 F.
435 F.
371 F.
345 ' F.
420
1.4840
1.4644
! 1.4820
1,556
1.550 (AT 60 C.l
1.560
1.508
1.522 (AT 65 C.)
1.540
CLEAR, OllY LIQUID
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
WHITE FLAKES
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
:
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
PRACTICALLY WHITE SOLID
LIGHT YELLOW,
VISCOUS LIQUID
35 MAX.
CHARAC! TERISTIC
1.4810 1.4880
1 0.980 TO ' 0.985
001% WAX. 1 phthalic ; ACID
100 MAX.
SLIGHT, CHARAC TERISTIC
1.4794 1.4864
0.9645 0.9665
0.01% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
50 MAX.
40 MAX.
20 MAX. (MOLTEN)
40 MAX.
100 MAX
60 MAX. (MOLTEN)
200 MAX.
SLIGHT, CHARAC TERISTIC
SLIGHT
CHARAC TERISTIC
VERY FAINTLY AROMATIC
ESSENTIALLY ODORLESS
SLIGHT, SWEET
SLIGHT, CHARAC TERISTIC
1.4785 1.4855
1.560 0.010
,
1.507 1.510
1.512 1.532 (AT 65 C.)
0.968 TO 0.977
0.01% MAX. AS PHTHALIC
ACID
1.157 TO 1.173
1.208 0.005
,
1.089 1.093
1.166 1.176 (AT 65/65 C.)
0.01% MAX. AS hspo4
0.003% MAX. AS H3P04
0.01% MAX. 0.01% MAX.
AS H3P04 !
(AS
PHOSPHORIC)
0.1% MAX. (AS ACETIC)
0.1% MAX AS ACETIC
PERMANGANATE PERMANGANATE
TEST
TEST
NO CHANGE NO CHANGE
WITHIN Vi
WITHIN Vi
HOUR
HOUR
1
Oblhtbl
REG. U. S. PAT. OFF.
46
LEXOLDMON005170 WATER PCB-00030488
chemical and physical properties and specifications of Monsanto plasticizers
DES
PHTHALYL GLYCOLLATES SPECIALTY PLASTICIZERS
ADIPATES
I SANTICIZER l-H
1
WHITE ; CRYSTALS
253
i 1.125 i DENSITY
SANTICIZER E-15
SANTICIZER B-16
SANTICIZER M-17
ORTHONITROBIPHENYl
(ONB)
HB-20
D,HKTyT'
"`OOICYl
ad" ;
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
280.3
]
1.180
;
OK*"' LIQUID uwu,u
! CLEAR' : M0BllE i LIQUID
LIGHT YELLOW TO REDDISH CRYSTALLINE
SOLID, OR LIQUID
| PRACTICALLY | COLORLESS,
OILY LIQUID
336.4
266.3
199.2
1.097
1.220
1.203
CLEAR, OILY LIQUID
CLEAR. : OILY
LIQUID
370.6 1 426.6
0.927
0.919
9.85
9.15
!
10.2
10.0
8.1
7.7
7.6
86 ! 87 C. J...
350 C.
1
i 1
20 C.
1 LESS THAN
LESS THAN
-- 35 C. ;
-35 C.
320 C.
345 C.
310 C.
386 F. 1.498
390 F. 1.490
380 F. 1.504
34,5 C. MIN.
330 C. (APPROX.)
Boiling Range 320-360 C.
214 C. AT 5 MM.
289.5 F.
160 C.
377 F.
1.613 (APPROX.)
1.5470
1.446
240 C. AT 5 MM.
425 F.
1.450
YELLOWISH. BROWN FUSED MASS
CLEAR, WATER-WHITE,
OILY LIQUID
CLEAR, PRACTICALLY
WHITE, OILY LIQUID
CLEAR, MOBILE LIQUID
LIGHT YELLOW TO DARK BROWN
SOLID OR LIQUID
PRACTICALLY COLORLESS OILY LIQUID
CLEAR LIQUID
CLEAR LIQUID
250 MAX. j (MOLTEN)
20 MAX.
45 MAX.
20 MAX.
1 10 MAX,**
100 MAX.
100 MAX.
J_
i
j i
CRYSTALLIZING POINT
83.5 C. MIN.
SLIGHT
1.498 0.002
1.162 0.003
CHARAC- j TERISTIC, 1
SLIGHT ODOR 1
SLIGHT CHARAC-
TERISTIC
1.490 0.002
1.504 0.002
1.098 0.005
1.220 0.005
FAINT AND PLEASANT
0.968 0.974 (25715.5 C.)
1.5475 0.0005
MILD
MILD
1.444-- !
1.448
,
1.4503 -- 1.4507
0.927 |
0.003 ! (20720 C.)
0.919
0.003 (20/20C.)
0.02% MAX. | 0.02% MAX. AS ACETIC : AS ACETIC
0.02% MAX. AS ACETIC
CRYSTALLIZING POINT
34.5 C. MIN.
0.5 MEQ. PER 100 GM.
MAX.
0.5 MEQ. PER 100 GM.
MAX.
--
"DARKENS ON EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT
ft 1------------47
LEXOLDMON005171 WATER PCB-00030489
chemical and physical properties and specifications of Monsanto plasticizers
a
4 PLEASE TURN PAGE
06l<*669
48
LEXOLDMON005172 WATER PCB-00030490
viscosity curves for PHOSPHATE PLASTICIZERS: Tricresyl Phosphate Santicizer 140 and Santicizer 141
061*1670
LEXOLDMON005173 WATER PCB-00030491
VISCOSITY CURVES FOR PHOSPHATE PLASTICIZERS
ASTM STANDARD VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE CHART (D 341-39) MODIFIED
LEXOLDMON005174 WATER PCB-00030492
viscosity curves for PHTHALYL GLYCOLLATES: Santicizer B-16 Santicizer E-15
and Santicizer M-l 7
061^672
LEXOLDMON005175 WATER PCB-00030493
VISCOSITY CURVES FOR PHTHALYL GLYCOLLATES
ASTM STANDARD VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE CHART (D 341-39} MODIFIED
06 1 t> 7 3
LEXOLDMON005176 WATER PCB-00030494
viscosity curves for PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS: Di(n-Octyl, n-Decyl) Phthalate Diisooctyl Phthalate Dioctyl Phthalate and Diisodecyl Phthalate
0el<,67<,
LEXOLDMON005177 WATER PCB-00030495
VISCOSITY CURVES FOR PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS
ASTM STANDARD VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE CHART (D 341-39) MODIFIED
LEXOLDMON005178 WATER PCB-00030496
viscosity curves for PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS: Dibutyl Phthalate Diethyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate and Santicizer 160
06 1 *t6 7 6
LEXOLDMON005179 WATER PCB-00030497
VISCOSITY CURVES FOR PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS
e
-30 -20- 10 0 10 20 TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
40 50
60 70 30 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
56
Ool<tc7?
LEXOLDMON005180 WATER PCB-00030498
supplementary information
57 061't67d
LEXOLDMON005181 WATER PCB-00030499
0619679
58
LEXOLDMON005182 WATER_PCB-00030500
literature available on Monsanto plasticizers
061^660
LEXOLDMON005183 WATER PCB-00030501
The following technical bulletins, data sheets and booklets give technical informa tion on the properties and applications of various Monsanto plasticizers and resins. Literature items are available upon request.
ADIPATE PLASTICIZERS Technical Bulletin 0-106: Technical Bulletin 0-113:
DIOCTYL ADIPATE (DOA) DIISODECYL ADIPATE
PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS Technical Bulletin 0-82: DIOCTYL PHTHALATE (DOP) Technical Bulletin 0-108: DIISODECYL PHTHALATE (DIDP) Technical Bulletin 0-109: DI (n-OCTYL, n-DECYL) PHTHALATE (DNODP) Technical Bulletin 0-92: SANTICIZER 160 (Butyl Benzyl Phthalate)
PHOSPHATE PLASTICIZERS Technical Bulletin 0-88: SANTICIZER 140 Technical Bulletin 0-89: SANTICIZER 141--The Nontoxic Plasticizer
SULFONAMIDE PLASTICIZERS
Technical Bulletin 0-81: SANTICIZER 3
Technical Data Sheet
SANTICIZER 8-Use in Adhesives
Technical Data Sheet
SANTICIZER 8-Use in Coatings
Technical Data Sheet
SANTICIZER 8-Use in Moldings
Other Plasticizers
Technical Bulletin 0-78:
Ortho-NITROBIPHENYL Plasticizer and Chemical Intermediate
Technical Bulletin OD-700: Ortho-NITROBIPHENYL Toxicity Data
Bulletin O-P-115:
AROCLORS
Bulletin O-P-153:
HB-20, EXTENDER TYPE VINYL PLASTICIZER
Application Literature Technical Bulletin 0-69:
Technical Bulletin 0-70: Technical Bulletin 0-99: Booklet: Technical Bulletin 0-94: Technical Bulletin 0-16:
BULK TANK STORAGE OF PLASTICIZERS (Describes mechanical and safe handling procedures)
MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS in Polyvinyl Chloride Film and Sheeting
MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS in Synthetic Resin Adhesives
Faster Processing of Polyvinyl Chloride With Monsanto Plasticizers
SANTOLITE MHP and SANTOLITE MS-80 % (Monsanto Industrial Resins)
SANTOMASK II (odor masking agent)
Obl^bBl
60
LEXOLDMON005184 WATER_PCB-00030502
technical service available
061<i68<;
LEXOLDMON005185 WATER PCB-00030503
The Plasticizer Sales Department of Monsanto's Organic Chemicals Division is organized to furnish you technical assistance with plasticizing and processing problems. Staffed by men chosen for their knowledge and practical experience with plasticizers, the Plasticizer Sales Department is equipped to study your problem thoroughly and to give advice based on the latest developments in the plasticizer field. From such practical advice you may discover that newly developed plasticizers may enable you to build into your product the exact qualities desired, or they may permit you to boost production with the same equipment you are using. The right combination of plasticizers may allow important processing simplifications. Augmenting this technical assistance on a personal basis is an increasing amount of technical literature which brings to you the latest developments from Monsanto's plasticizer research laboratories. Technical assistance is offered to all who use plasticizers in their manufacturing processes. For prompt technical assistance, simply write or call MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY, Plasticizer Sales Department, 800 North Twelfth Boulevard, St. Louis 1, Missouri.
62 0614663
LEXOLDMON005186 WATER PCB-00030504
Monsanto
___ k/(l__
The Information contained in this booklet is to our best knowledge true ond accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any liability incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use.
06l<t6B<t
LEXOLDMON005187 WATER PCB-00030505
""V-...
Monsanto
('ll I .MH Al.S l'l As I ii '
_____ U____
MONSANTO
;;v - `Vs
< "t'tP ' , 11 ..
>i r
CHEMICAL
C O M I' A N
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION 8 0 0 N. 12th BLVD. ST. LOUIS 1, MO.
06l<b85
LEXOLDMON005188
WATER PCB-00030506
