Document K6aemnaD2kjXVvjz0rr2kBOYQ

N17265 GLOO11789 *. >v ELMWOOD RESEARCH OERTER Cc--19 QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT '' FOURTH QUARTER, i960 | Subject: \ contributors: jjf 'i Objective: Exterior Emulsion Paints. 16-4-7-009 S. T. Bovell, J. M. McLaughlin, J. Sainsbury, E. Saville, J. W. Watson. Better Exterior Emulsion Paints i. Summary: 1* Methocel is being replaced in all our formulas by Cellosize. ! 2. 305 line shading bases are in process of reformulation. 3- An amine-free formula for Spred House Paint is nearing approval. It should reduce staining problems. 4. By means of a water soluble Acrylic Colloid, a formula for Spred House Paint with high flow and better vater resistance appears practical. 5. A nev Glidden latex ERL-984 is close to approval for Spred House Paint; it vill yield lover temperature film formation, greater vater resistance and better package stability. 6. Color float in deep shades of Spred House Paint appears to be con trolled by the addition of 1 $ Ethylene Glycol. 7. A number of nev methods of priming chalky surfaces are being tested 8. A nev block-out vhite formula for professional sign vork has been recommended to Mr. Zahn for testing. 9. A nev (Tide-On formula has been issued to Atlanta and Cleveland to reduce costs (30 - 35 i per gallon) maintain durability and give better hiding and application properties. Discussion: I. Spred House Paint A. Production and Related Problems 1. Methocel vs. Cellosize The problem of "seeds1' in Methocel solutions appeared to be beyond the capabilities of the supplier to solve. Samples vere exchanged and test methods vere discussed, but the Dov Laboratories vere un able to see the severity of the problem or to supply us vith material that vould completely dissolve under conditions even more stringent than those recommended in their literature. We have in the past done considerable work vith Cellosize, and now that there is a readily-soluble form, plan to replace Methocel with it. C-LDO117 9 0 2. Shading Bases The reformulation of Spred Glide-On along with contemplated change Spred House Paint has necessitated a complete reformulation of the entire 305 line shading bases. We have attempted during this reformulation to overcome two major problems, which have been rather persistant in the past, - maiHwg the base thin enough to dump cleanly from the mill and producing the right type of'consistency to prevent settling and general in stability during storage. It has been found that the use of cellulose and similar type thickners including Poly Vinyl Alcohol, which have been used or tried in the past, tend to inhibit compatibility of the base into the paint, and do not provide satisfactory storage stability or anti-settling characteristics. Generally, attempts to make bases with only the colored pigment,dis persants and water has also resulted in failure, although this method does produce good results in a few cases. This brings us to the third and so far satisfactory method. It was found that introducing a quantity of inert pigment, clay has been preferred thus far (W-223), in amounts of perhaps 50 # of the colored pigment or less, has given us two desirable advantages; 1. produces a puffy consistancy which is desirable for anti-settling, 2. promotes compatibility of the base in the paint to a point where it is essential in some bases. Along with the inert pigment we have also had considerable success with the use of Ben-A-Gel EW- a gelling agent, in amounts of 1 # of total base which produces a soft gell in the base upon standing, but does not appreciably increase viscosity during grinding, thus still allowing clean dumping of mill. We are currently still working with the above formulation method, and pending stability results will issue formulas in the near future. B. Development 1. "Amine-Free" Formula The use of amine "soaps and free amines such as mono-iso-propanol amine (CH-376) iu Spred House Baint has proved to be prone to aggravate staining. We have found that by returning to a phosphate type dispersant system, eliminating all amine soaps and free amines, we can substan tially reduce our staining tendency as well as improve our water resistance. The phosphate we have qjwsen is an organic phosphate amide, Victamide. This dispersant is very effective in high titanium grinds, but not especially good for high iron oxide systems. - 3 C-21 This approach to the staining problem is however, only half of the battle, and undoubtedly the easier half. The next step is to find materials such as lead, which when incorporated in our paint would actively combat staining. One of the basic requirements for a stainfree latex system could possibly be an acid side point. Because of our recent difficulty with "seeds" in Methocel solution (195-T-14), we are also changing to a Cellosize (QP-4400) solution for thickener. Although the flow situation is not markedly improved, we feel that it is a step in the right direction. 2. High Flow Formula - Acrylic Historically water thinned paints have been criticized for their lack of completely satisfactory leveling properties. As improvements have been made in film durability and film thickness, especially in ex terior paints, the brushing and leveling properties have become worse. The cellulosics, polyvinyl alcohols and acrylics available in the past have had an adverse affect on flow properties. Rhoplex-T-123 an acrylic emulsion, was submitted by Rohm & Haas Co. as a thickener to replace hydrophilic thickeners. It is designed to thicken as the pH is raised. Previous work has been done on Rhoplex T-123, and similar type emulsion made by the Resin Emulsion Laboratory,as grinding media. The work during this period, however, has been concentrated on using T-123 primarily for improving flow and leveling and secondly to reduce the swelling and water sensitivity of the dry film. At the same time, emulsion thickeners developed by Mr. Euchner and his staff are being evaluated. The initial paints were made substituting Rhoplex T-123 for all the hydrophilic thickeners in Y-3600 EC Spred House Paint. The paints thickened beyond useable viscosity within 24 hours. A series of paints was made eliminating the hydrophilic thickener and substituting T-123 for part of the VM-835. Also the monoisopro pyl amine and Quadrol were replaced with ammonium hydroxide. These paints did not increase in viscosity, indicsiting that the surfactant system is an important factor in viscosity control. Subsequent tests with T-123 indicated that RCR-0901-B (Soya-Castor Amine Soap) and Alipal CO-436 caused the paints to thicken and Tamol 731 caused them to remain thin. A combination of 6.6 pounds of each of the three surfactants in a 100 gallons of paint gave the best result. This combination was then used to determine the optimum T-123 level. Seventy-five pounds of T-123 and. 210 pounds of VM-835 in a 50 % solids 50 PVC paint has given the best results although the viscosities have continued to increase on aging. Raw linseed oil and GRV-3140-A were substituted for RCR-0901-B to determine if an oil or alkyd in place of the fatty acid soap would help to control viscosity. The viscosity increase was slower but the water resistance was also much poorer. GLD0117 92 - if - C-22 A surfactant conciliation of Victamide and Tamol 731 gave a better viscosity stability and fair to good resistance to swelling but the flow and leveling was not as good after the paints had aged. After the optimum level of T-123 was determined it was found the RCR-0901-B could be eliminated to give a slight improvement in water resistance. Paints were made with Alipal CO-436 and Tamol 731 reduced to 4.0 pounds; the water resistance was improved slightly but the viscosity increased at a faster rate. Summary of Results on Rhoplex T-123. ' 1. The viscosity of the paints is influenced by the amount of T-123, the pH, the solids content, the type or types of surfactants and the latex used with the T-123. None of the effects have been definitely established. 2. The leveling seems to be satisfactory even at viscosities that are normally too high. The Victamide-Tamol combination shows a slight inferiority in leveling. 3. The resistance to swelling of the paint film in water was improved by substituting T-123 for hydrophilic thickeners, however, the surfactants must be studied further for best results. 4. The staining properties might be improved as a tighter more water resistant film reduces penetration of the stain. 5. More latitude in manufacture of high solids paint would be obtained because larger amounts of water for grinding, mill wash, etc., would be available. 3. ERL-984 - New Glidden Latex ERL-9^4 is a styrene-acrylate latex designed to replace VM-835* Goals were improved low temperature film formation and water resistance better than Lytron 680, with the other properties to be equal to VM-835* It successfully meets these goals. Paints have been made and are exposed. ERL-984 has also been tested with Rhoplex T-123 in the proposed (long-range) high flow formula. Results to date indicate a slower viscosity increase and slightly better water resistance than VM-835 with other properties being about equal. 4. Color Float and Water Spotting Color float and water spotting are apparently related defects. A paint which exhibits one of these difficulties will usually have the other also. However, in some of the lighter colors, color float will not be so apparent. GLDOII793 -5- V-^J Except in special cases, such as incompatibility, color float and water spotting usually signify poor film formation and / or lack of dispersion. Although the addition of solvents and film forming aids will usually improve or modify color float, the safest approach is probably to change dispersant systems or pigmentation. We have found 1 $ Ethylene glycol to be quite effective in Spred House Paint, although N-hexyl carbitol and S-131 are also good. In certain cases of color float, higher levels of solvents (2 $ to 5 $) can actually cause a color reversal, that is, light areas may become dark. We attribute this phenomena to the length of time local areas are held "open", and would of course, be dependent upon porosity of the substrate, temperature, air circulation, and humidity. We also ! suspect that high levels of certain pigments, such as calcined clay, may actually leave a surface layer of unconsolidated pigment which shows early and severe water spotting in colors. 1 C. Primer 1. First Coat Additives We are continuing our study of additives in Spred House Paint in hopes of obtaining an excellent emulsified system for chalky surfaces. l Some of the emulsions we have tested and exposed most recently are: 3600/3601 (at various ratios) 3600/Emulsa Bond (an emulsifiable oil submitted by The Flood * Co. - Ingredients unknown). 3600/Emulsion 291689 (A latex emulsion submitted by Monsanto Chemical Co. - Ingredients, a special 1 Monsanto resin). 3600/RCR-1035 (An emulsifiable castor alkyd submitted by our Resin Laboratory). We hope that by an addition of an additive to our Y-36OO line we will be able to eliminate the necessity of having a special primer for cha.' surfaces. This will be a definite advantage to us as well as to the customer. 2. Eagle Picher Primer Additive - Stain Resistance The Eagle Picher Co." has submitted to this laboratory a sample and a formula of their product # 202 Basic Silicate of white lead. It is to be used as a latex paint additive for improved stain resistance. The formula consists of # 202 Lead, Magnesium Silicate, and Bentone : dispersed in ADM-2466-M-70 (a long oil alkyd), and Refined Linseed Oa @ 26.6 P.V.C. In previous work we have found that an addition of Lead Acetate to ai exterior latex paint improves our stain resistance, but lowers our water resistance. However, we are quite confident that E. P.'s # 202 Lead dispersed in alkyd and linseed oil, will not lower our water, a: in fact, should improve it. We are testing this formula, added to a latex paint at a ratio of 1:4, as a primer for bare wood as well as chalky surfaces. JB-ja-Ji GLD01 17 94 D. Miscellaneous and Competitive 1. Blockout White The simplest "approach to this is a blend of Glide-On and Y-3601. Th-fp dries in 20 - 30 minutes at normal humidities and temperatures, v." provides excellent hold-our for Post-Ad, does not affect the dry of Post-Ad, and adheres very veil to chalky paint. The Graphic Arts Dept, is checking this material. If hiding is insufficient. a special high-hide Glide-On vill have to be made for blending with the Y-3601. 2. Nev Rohm & Haas latex Rohm & Haas have shovn us panels exposed vith their nev S-2167 latex. It looked very promising. We received samples of it and three other experimentals, and tested in comparison vith Rhoplex AC-55 and ERL-984. Panels are exposed outside and in the veatherometer. 3* Luminall At the request of the Fargo, North Dakota Branch, ve tested the Luminall all-latex system against the Spred system for bare vood, The Luminall latex primer and topcoat shoved early vater stain and fine cracking on veatherometer exposure; the Spred House Paint 3651-3600 vas O.K. at 550 hours. Results vere reported to Fargo, Chicago, and National Sales. II. Glide-On Reformulation By October, i960, the Sales Department had decided on the formula ve call the lov-cost Glide-On. Actually this formula is designed to give a paint as close as possible to previous Glide-On quality using copolymer latex and all, other ingredients of the lovest cost available, that have already been tested on exposure. Much cheaper paints can be made , approximating Glide-On, and much higher quality paints can be made. The Sales Department considered and abandoned ir. turn an interiorexterior (but not exterior, vood) quality, an exterior vood and masonry quality, and a lover cost exterior high flov quality. The final choice vas tested in Florida and Atlanta for application properties. At their request the viscosity and hiding vere increased to meet cost competition (very high viscosity, high FVC, giving good one-coat appearance but poor durability). We did this vithoug sacrificing our durability, so the cost rose from the hoped-for $ 1.15 bulk in 1500 gal. lots to an estimated $ 1.20.' The nev formula is a 45 FV, 45 NV, high viscosity, vinyl copolymer paint, made vith Glidden's VM-851, developed specifically for such paints. The dispersant is polyphosphate - Alipal CO-436 in the light colors, and Alipal - Tamol - Emolphor 719 in the deeper colors. Stabilizer is Arrneen SZ - Alipal. GLD011795 C-5i O.N. Viscosity Heek Viscosity Wt./Gal. Flow Dry Fnamel Holdout-Gloss S.G./G. -Metal S.G./G. - Wood Sanding Metal Wood Hiding Film - O.N. " - 48 hrs. Brushing Solvent Resistance Color Water Soaking Lowe Bros. #200 12.56 lbs. ok ok 42/89 33/84 very good very good very good very good ok good ok Current Plant Std. 9 OKU 88KU 12.46 lb ok ok 40/82 36/83 good good good very good ok poor ok good Pebble Mill Cowles Mixer 85KU 89KU 12.06 lbs. ok ok 9 OKU . 95KU 12.48 lbs ok ok 45/85 42/88 47/84 46/90 very good very good good very good very goood ok good ok good very good very good good very good very good ok good ok good Closed can samples of Y-555 (plant production P-7736) and the proposed formulation (BOJ'-7D-Cowles Mixer) were placed in the oven for two (2) weeks at 120-140F. The following testing was then done: Brushing Dry Hiding Color ok O.N. Film O.N. Solvent Resistance with S-43 BOJ-7D ok 3 hrs. ok slightly yellowed ok good P-7736 Summary ok Upon heating,the old formulation 4-1/2 hrs. (P-7736) loses dry and film ok properties whereas the new ok formulation doesn't change. ok very soft complete dissolving of film. mhd GLD0U796 C-52 SUBJECT: Isophthalic House Paints Reference: Quarterly Research Report Third Quarter 1959 C-81 CONTRIBUTORS: R. Vade Green, J. E. Southvick OBJECTIVE: To compare durability of isophthalic alkyd varnishes using linseed and tall oil at different per cents of oil in standard Y1800, Y1867 and blister resistant alkyd house paint formulas exposed one year vertical south at New Orleans. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: No difference was noted between the different isophthalic varnishes with the exception that 862-24 gave a slightly better appearance in Y1867 formula. The Y1800 formula using the different isophthalic varnishes showed the best mildew resistance, the Y1867 formula was slightly less than Y1800 and the blister resistant alkyd type was below standard. Both the Y1800 and Y1S67 using the isophthalic alkyds were slightly better than standard Y1800 and Y1867. The lead titanate formula, the Fuller #120, Fuller #147 and RGL2340 (2D23C - P2226) were unsatisfactory. The Y2218 was almost as good as Y1800. Most of the formulas tested were relatively close in chalking rate with the Y1867 type showing slightly more chalk than the Y1800 and the blister resistant type showing slightly more than the Y1867. The lead titanate, Fuller #120, Fuller #147 and RGL2840 showed little or no chalk. In general appearance, the isophthalic alkyds when used in the Y1800 and Y1867 formulas were about equal. Both were slightly better than the standard Y1800 and Y1867. The blister resistant formula was rated less than the standard. The lead titanate, Fuller #120, Fuller #147 and RGL2840 were unsatisfactory. The Y2218 was almost equal to our standard Y1800. GLD011797 DETAILED RESULTS: Isophthalic linseed and tall oil alkyds at different amounts of oil were obtained from Mr. Zier and tested in our Y1800 formula, our Y1867 formula and a blister resistant type formula. The formulas and varnishes used are listed in the following tables. TABLE I VARNISHES Varnish 899-10 890-48 890-41 862-39 862-37 862-24 GRV3140 Oil Tall oil Linseed Tall oil Linseed ft tt ft tf %0il Temp. of Cook 857. 540* "" 907. " 80% " 857. " 500 modified urethane Viscosity AN Cure Color Z4 Z3-Z4 Z3-Z4 Z4-Z5 Z3-Z4 Z4 1.4 135" 12-13 7.5 90" 11-12 3.9 72" 11-12 2.0 81" 7-8 3.0 46" 9-10 2.0 65" 10-11 TABLE II FORMULA #1 Lead Free Tvoe Y-1800 Type Y-1867 Type W-91 W-170 W-188 VM-723 Gals. 6.7 2.24 10.88 .37 Exp. Varnish 44.3 S-43 VM-432 D83 VM659 .23 .06 .77 100.0 Lbs. 217 78.4 256 3.1 359 2.2 .4 6.2 1146.3 W-35 W-l W-91 W-170 W-188 VM-723 Exp.Oil S-43 VM-432 D83 Gals. 6.02 .6 3.98 1.48 4.82 .4 46.3 36.1 .24 .06 100 Lbs. 284 32 129 52 113.5 3.3 375 235 2.3 .4 12265 W-6 W-91 W-170 W-188 VM-723 Gals. 8.12 3.28 3.04 10.02 .35 Exp. Oil 18.5 0-132 38.1 S-43 17.3 VM-432 VM-433 1.1 .15 99.96 Lbs. 406 106 106 240 2.9 150 296 112.5 10.4 1.2 1427 These paints were exposed vertical south for one year at New Orleans. Standard panel of Y1800, Y1867, Y1850 Y2218 and GL2840 were included in the test, as well as competitive lead free type paints from the West Coafit -- Fullers #120 and #147. Two paints made with lead titanate were included. The results are listed in Table III. GLD011798 TABLE III Panel Type Formula Varnish Oil XOil Mildew Linseed 1 Lead free W188, 899-10 Tall oil 85% at 7 W91.W170 540 2 fl 890-48 Tall oil 85% at 7 3 II 540* 890-41 Linseed 90% at 7 4 II 540* 862-39 Linseed 8OX at 7 5 II 540* 862-37 Linseed 85X at 7 6 II 540* 862-24 Linseed 85X at 7 7 Tt GRV3140 500* 7 8 Y1800 type 9 It 10 II 11 II 12 II 13 tl 19 It 899-10 890-48 890-41 862-39 862-37 862-24 (XV 3140 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 Y1867 type 21 II 22 II 23 II 24 11 25 II 26 11 899-10 890-48 890-41 862-39 862-37 862-4 GRV3140 9999999- 14 Y1867 LED P5843 Std. 8 15 Y1800 IFD P8295 Std. 8+ 16 Y1850 ELD P2656 Std. 8 17 Y2218 Atlanta Std. 7 18 RGL2840 2D23C P2626C Std. 2 27 Lead titanate 826-37 1 28 Lead titanate + TiO, 826-37 5 29 Fuller #120 Lead free (west coast) 0 30 Fuller #147 Lead free (west coast) 0 C-54 Chalk 5- 5- 5- 5- 5- 5- 55+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5+ 5+ 5 5+ 10 5+ 10 9 9 General Appearance 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 ~~ 8* 8+ 8+ 8+ 8+ 8+ 848 8 8 8 8 9 9 88 88 2 1 6 0 0 mhd 1/6/61 GLD 0117 99