Document JrEjGaeg8NyN6BYyOmwJQk1z6

LWtnAlIVS EXTENSION WORK . IN AGRICULTURE ANO HOME ECONOMICS STATE O F OHIO . cot-icoc o r AG RICU LTURE ANO MOMC ECONOMICA. T H E OHIO I T A T I UNIVERSITY ANO TME .I. D EP A R TM EN T OP AG RICU LTURE COOPERATING AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS NEWSLETTER E tT te iO C I / P H D ADDITIVE / P R O P H Y LA C TIC O A U .I March 16, 1972 ' !?> N E I L A V E N U E C O LU M U U t. OHIO l i t i o To: State Staff, County and Area Agricultural and Ccnnunity Resource Develop* sent Agents, Area Supervisors, OARDC Staff, and all other newsletter recipients. Some extension agents expressed desire during the recent Pesticide Custom Applicator Schools to obtain slide sets concerning the agricultural chemical and environmental ^relationship. Two sets that I have relied heavily upon in .supplementing personal slides are available for purchase. One set with nar ration entitled "Environment, Pesticides, People" can be purchased from Dr. toy R. Kriner, Pesticide-Chemicals Program, College of Agriculture and Environ mental Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The cost is $2*4.00. The second set with narration costing $15.00 is entitled "Agriculture and the Environment" and is available from Geigy Agricultural Chemicals, Ardsley, New York 10502. Other slides used in presenting the subject of safe use 'of pesticides may be reproduced in the near future as the budget permits and placed in Area Extension offices. The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed rules that would provide the public with the right to use Federal administrative machinery to challenge the government's pesticide decisions and give the public the right to trigger further administrative review of pesticide decisions by EPA which they might regard as unfavorable or potentially harmful to hunan health or the environment New rules would also give the public more rights in dealing with scientific advisory carmittees in that such cormdttees would be required to solicit scientific data from public interest groups. Any person would have the right to submit comnents on any advisory oonndttee report. Television and radio coverage of Federal pesticide hearings would be permitted. The subject of this newsletter issue is "PCB Ocntaminaticn in the Btvironment." Considerable interest has been expressed concerning this subject in the last few months.- The material herein is only a brief review of son of the environmental problems. Problems in Ohio with contamination in sere silos and subsequent residues in some milk supplies have been discussed previously. Extensive research is being conducted at OARDC to alleviate such problems. Ycurs truly, l ACH/ol NEV 021603 Acie C. Waldron Extension Specialist Pesticide Chemicals 729658 -2 - pcb contamination in toe environment Chemistry and Use of PCB's There are many "chlorinated hydrocarbons"in addition to those that have been used in agriculture as insecticides. Two such grouos of compounds are "PCB's" (polychlorinated biphenyls) and chlorinated napthalenes. Of the two classes of compounds, "PCB's" (polychlorinated biphenyls) have received the most publicity both in technical and popular journals. Widespread headlines were generated earlier this year when 50,000 turkeys in Minnesota, as many as 88,000 chickens in North Carolina, and tens of thousands of eggs at various locations were destroyed after they were found to be contamin ated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). Similar headlines have accompanied , other findings that indicate that PCB's are extensively distributed in the en vironment. . PCB's have been known for nearly a century, and have been used extensively sinoe the 1930's. Qiemically, PCB is a generic term covering a family of partially '< Or wholly chlorinated isomers of biphenyl; ccnmercial PCB's (42 to 60% chlorine) may contain as many as 50 different detectable isomers. In the United States, the sole manufacturer is the Monsanto Company which markets the products under the trade name Arochlor. The Arochlors are distinguished by a four digit number, the last two of which represent the percentage of chlorine in the mixture, i.e. Arochlor 1254, PCB's are also manufactured in Japan, Europe, and the U.S.S.R. , PCB is a colorless, highly viscous fluid that can withstand temperatures up to 650 T, without degradation, does not conduct electricity, and is resistant to fire. Such properties make PCB an ideal fluid for heat exchangers and electrical equipment such as transformers. These properties also make the more highly chlorinated PCB's very resistant to degradation in the environment, so that their persistence is similar to that of DDT. Since 1960, Monsanto has made some 353,000 tons of PCB, with output reaching a maximum of 42,500 tons in 1970 (CSDi, Dec. 6, page 15). About 60% of that output has been for closed-system uses and much of the remainder has been either recycled or safely destroyed. Nonetheless, a certaih amount has apparently been allowed to enter the environment, where contamination continues to be detected. PCB'8 uses include: 1. coolant - insulation fluids in transformers 2* formulation into ballast for fluorescent fixtures 3. impregnation of cotton and asbestos for braided insulation of electrical wiring. 4. a plasticizer in wire and cable coatings 5. capacitors and askarel-type transformers 6 plasticizers of vinyl chloride polymer films 7. in high pressure hydraulic fluids, specialized lubricants arid gasket sealers, heat transfer agents and machine tool cutting oils 8. seme epoxy paints 9. protective coating for wood metal and concrete f . 10 in some adhesives 11. carbonless reproducing paper NEV 0 2 1 6 0 4 729659 PCB Contamination PCB's have been detected in environmental samples including rainwater in England, water's in the Great Lakes, water and zooplankton in the ocean, human hair, human adipose tissue, shrimp in Florida, adelie penguin epps in the Antarctica and brown pelican eggs in Panama. More recent research has shewn as indicated, in an earlier paragraph, contamination in pcultrv and egps as , the result of accidental leakage into feed. Contamination of silape and sub* sequently cows and milk has resulted from use of PCB as an inpredient in the sealer coating of some silos in Ohio and afterwards Pennsylvania and New York, In November IV. George R, Harvey of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution re vealed that PCB at levels ranging from 1 to 100 p.p.b. have been found in nearly all animal and plant species from the Atlantic Ocean. Levels as high as 1.5 p.p.m. were found in zooplankton but corresponding PCB levels were not found in fish that feed on the zooplankton. Also in November, Rep. Gilbert Gude (R.-Md.) disclosed that th Maryland Department of Natural Resources has found PCB at levels as high as 0.2 p.p.m. in soft-shelled clams taken from the Chesapeake Bay. This level is well below the Food and Drug Administration's guideline of 5 p.p.m, PCB in fish and poultry. The Food and Drug Association found PCB in some dried foods (shredded wheat, c o m meal, spaghetti dimer, grits, mixed baby cereal, noodle dinner, and pancake mix, ranging from 0.1 to 2,1 p.p.m.) originating from leaking from the cardboard containers which were made with recycled paper. The problem m s eliminated and FDA considered no crisis was encountered. In tiie particular situation related to PCB contamination of eggs and chicken tissues the source of trouble was traced to a fish meal ingredient sold by a Wilmington, N. C. firm. Fluid containing PCB drinped- directly fran a heat exchanger into the fish meal which subsequently was used in formulating chicken feed. The mill closed voluntarily when the accident was discovered and a trace on the formulated feed helped to prevent a widespread contamination problem. As it was, 12 southeastern states were affected with one commercial ooultrv producer required to destroy 77,000 chickens and two lots containing 76,500 eggs seized by FDA. Other lot's of eggs (27 out of 61 analyzed contained from 0.6 to 1.9 p.p.m. PCB whereas the FDA acceptable level is 0.5 p.p.m.) were voluntarily withdrawn from the market. Investigation by FDA reported July 30, 1971, showed that anv PCB contained in representative sanples of slaughtered broilers from the affected areas were within the acceptable levels and that most of the contamination was concentrated in a relatively few lots of feed. PCB Banning Proposed Sweden's national environmental protection board has proposed a han an inport, manufacture, and sale of polychlorobiphenyl compounds (PCB). Sweden claims PCB is persistent and toxic, particularly to aquatic life in the Baltic Sea where there's been a buildup. The proposed ban excludes use of PCB in sealed electrical apparatus, such as transformers. The Swedish government in early April 1971 was considering the restriction, which could become effective by Jan. 1, 1972. The main problem with PC3 arises from its use in such products as paints and sealants* NEV 0 2 1 6 0 5 729660 It* Kep. William Ryan (D.-N.Y.) has introduced a bill that would ban manu facture, shipment, and sale of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) pending a full investigation of their effect on the environment. The bill would also permanently restrict their use to closed systems where they cannot affect the public health. Monsanto, the only domestic producer of PCB's, says it has already taken steps to restrict their use and that j.s is "impractical to legislate what has already been accomplished." Biological Cause-Effect Relationships (Taken frcm C 6 E*News, Dec. 13, 1971) The Novc-mJjer 1971 issue of Natural History magazine described a threeyear study of birth defects among terns on Great Gull Island in Long Island Sound. The authors, Helen Hays of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, and Dr. Robert W. Risebrough of the University of California's .Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, say they found birds with no flight feathers, with twisted mandibles, with stunted extremities, and one specimen with four legs that survived for 3 days. The two workers attribute the high incidence of deformities to pollution in the sound. Dr. Risebrough says the median concentration of the pesticide DDE in the flesh of all terns was 2.1 p.p.m. - about the same level found in other wild birds, and sufficient to account for the observed thinning of eggshells. The concentration of PCB in the flesh of the birds, however, ranged frcm 5 p.p.m. to 175 p.p.m. Despite these high levels, he points out, no cause-effect relationship between PCB levels and birth defects has been established for the terns, or other birds and animals. Laboratory tests in the Netherlands, Dr. Risebrough notes, have shown that fertile chicken eggs injected with chlorinated dibenzofurans, a PCB con taminant, produce similarly deformed chicks. Monsanto, however, says that U.S.-made PCB's do not contain that contaminant. Ospreys. Dr. Risebrough in collaboration with Paul R. Spitzer of Cornell University disclosed in November that the ospreys examined in Long Island Sound may be more contaminated than any other wildlife in North America. They found that lipids of both viable and overdue osprey eggs .obtained frcm the shore of the sound have PCS levels varying from 5<t5 to 2270 p.p.m. Another Cornell worker, Dr. David B, Peakall, has found strong evidence of chromosomal damage in ring doves fed food oontaining 10 p.p.m. PCB. His preliminary results, sent to the Environmental Protection Agency in September, indicate that all hatchings from the first generation of birds were normal. When the hatcled doves were mated, however, only 20% of the embryos survived. Dr. Peakall is continuing his work in an effort to find why the damage is imnifested only in the third generation, Monsanto, meanwhile, continues to stand firm behind its contention that there is no "scientific data that indicate polychlorinated biphenyls may cause birth defects." A ccnpany spokesman indicates that Monsanto has sponsored several feeding tests and a teratogenicity study , all of which indicate only minimal effects from P C s . Rats fed food containing 100 p.p.m. PCB, for exanplc, shewed only slightly increased liver weights after 18 rronths. Dogs fed a similar diet exhibited a tendency not to gain weight as well as expected. Chickens, however, NEV 0 2 1 6 0 6 729661 were observed to exhibit loss of weight, thinning of eggshells, and decreased hatchability of eggs, although no embryonic deformities were observed. Clearly the PCB file isn't closed, Monsanto's withdrawal of PCB from the market for uses where end products can't be controlled will reduce the amount of PCB entering the environment. But until a cause-effect relationship between PCB's and birth defects can definitely be proved or disproved, controversy will surround any use of PCB at all. Task Force to Investigate PCB Contamination (C 6 E News, Sept. 13, 1971) An interdepartmental task force has been set up in the Federal Government to coordinate a government-wide investigation into contamination bv polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) of food and other products. The action, according to the Food and Drug Administration, is aimed at ensuring effective coordination of government response to specific and prevent able PCB contamination and at developing "a long-range strategy for coordinating scientific resources to better define the PCB problem and its possible implica tions for human health." FDA savs that on the basis of current scientific knowledge, there is no imminent threat to the safety of food or to public health from PCB's. The PCB task force, which will be coordinated through the Offioe of Science and Technology and the Council on Environmental Ouality, includes representatives from the Environmental Protection Agency, FDA, National .Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and Agriculture Department. It was set up at a meeting on Sept. 1, called by FDA to share information gathered by TDA and USDA on PCB's* The agencies have been conducting follcwup investigations of "industrial incidents," which FDA says have resulted in lcw-level PCB adulteration of seme food products. An FDA spokesman says that information from the industrial accidents coupled with information gleaned from other investigations "indicated to us that there might be a potential problem that would require more than FDA involvement." He adds that the first chore of the PCB task force will be to check segments of Government and industry to find out what's known about PCB's, Monsanto, the only domestic producer of PCB's, says that the Government's task force cj/proach to the PCB environmental issue is "most appropriate" and that "the company stands ready to continue its support of and cooperation with these agencies. At the same time, a cormanv spokesman savs, "we believe our threeyear-old program to control uses and escape of PCB is correct and that it will supplement .the agency's effort." He adds that the company's urogram to control usage includes selling PCB's only for use in closed systems. Public Health - No Threat from PCB's (C 6 E News, Oct. 4, 1971) The Government, basing its judgment on current knowledge, sees no imminent threat to the safety of the food supply or to the public health from polvchlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Dr. Charles C. Edwards, SDckesnvm for FDA, believes that the confusion over the danger from PCB's is being compounded by alarmists and "unbalanced reporting." NEV 0 2 1 6 0 7 729662 According to Dr. Edwards, the Government and industry have been actively eliminating potential and actual PCD contamination of the food supply since 1966, In spite of these efforts there have been some isolated instances of food contamination. On behalf of FDA, Dr. Edwards rejects the idea that crisis headlines and demands for national health alerts are either justified or needed to meet the present situation. He observes that science does not support such actions and that FDA will continue to abide by the dictates of science in making regulatory judgments on behalf of the consumer, In summarizing its actions oh the PCB problem, FDA applauds the co operation of industry. Specifically, Monsanto, the primary domestic producer of PCB's, is now selling PCB's only, for nonfood uses. National Cash Register Co. has also stopped using PCB's for its carbonless carbon paper. The pacer has been withdrawn from the production of recycled packaging materials. Exoept for isolated incidents involving fish, FDA says that almost all of the high levels of PCB's found to date have been associated with accidents which FDA is working to prevent. FDA has also stepped up its surveillance of the food supply to detect PCB-'s and has entered into a coordinated' government effort under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology and the Council on . Environmental Quality to deal with the problem. Dr. Albert C. Kolbye, deputy director of FDA's Bureau of Foods, classi fies PCB's as moderately toxic, and certainly much less toxic than DDT. He observes that animal and human data point to ISO to 300 micrograms per day as being in the safe range as far as temporary dietary intake is concerned. Accord ing.'to Dr. Kolbye FDA is not aware of any foods contaminated on a regular or consistent basis. PCB's May be Ccmrbn in Humans. . V Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), known to be widespread in fish and wildfowl, appear to be cannon in humans also, says Dr. Anne R. Yobs of the Environmental Protection Agency. She told a federally sponsored meeting on PCB'8 in December that an EPA analysis of S93 human tissue samples collected from 38 hospitals in 17 states revealed that 33.6% of the samples contained greater than 1 p.p.m. PCB and another 30.1% contained detectable quantities of PCB. Dr. Harold A. Price of the Michigan department of public health told the meeting he found that more than 41% of 80 human adipose tissue samples collected in Michigan contain more than 1 p.p.m. PCB. * * But Levels Decline Elsewhere PCB levels in two Green Bay tributaries meanwhile have'dropped sharply over the past year, says University of Wisconsin water chemist Gilman D. Veith. He notes that "PCB levels in Peshtigo and Oconto river waters dropped from 0.31 and 0.45 p.p.b. respectively in November 1970 to less than 0.01 p.p.b. last summer." Dr. Veith believes that the decline is probably a direct result of Monsanto Co.'s restrictions on sales of PCB's. He adds, hewever, that waters of the Fox river, which flows through the city of Green Bay, have not yet shown a similar decline in PCB levels. . NEV 0 2 1 6 0 8 729663 Monsanto's PCB Called Major Pollution Threat ST, LOUIS GLOBE DEMOCRAT PAGE 1 SAT.-SUN., APRIL 11-12 By RICHARD S. KRANTZ Globe-Democrat Staff Writer A chemical substance manu factured near St. Louis by Mon santo was described by a U.S. C o n g r e s s m a n Friday as a threat to the environment per haps as great as DDT. The substance is called PCB, and is said to be threatening the reproduction of birds. It is also suspected of being harmful to human beings and animals. The threat of PCB was out lined by Congressman William F. Ryan (Dem.) of New York, during a press conference he held in New York City. "1 am calling for immediate action to prevent what maybe a major ecological disaster/' Said Ryan. HE ASKED f o r federal au thorities to set limits on PCB in food products, and to ban it en tirely from pesticides. Monsanto officials responded in a prepared statement that they are'*well aware of the con cern" over PCB. They noted steps have been taken to strict ly control its use and to replace harmful grades of PCB that lin ger in nature. P LA IN T IFFS EXHIBIT 11 PCB stands for '`polychlori nated biphenyl" which is used as a "plasticizer" in a wide va riety of products. Monsanto ia the only manufacturer in the United States, at plants in the St. Louis and in Anniston, Ala., according to a nrm spokesman. The plant producing it here is the K r u m m r i c h facility, at Sauget, 111., only a few miles s o u t h e a s t of downtown St. Louis. Ryan called for Monsanto to state whether any of the sub stance is released to the envi ronment during manufacturing. A MONSANTO spokesman here said the firm does not know if any PCB is released into the environment from the Krummrich Plant. The spokesman cited stcong measures being taken by the Monsanto to control pollution at its East Side facility. Ryan said research indicates that PCB can have "a disas trous effect on human beings." "lf inhaled, PCB can cause nausea, rapid breathing, loss of weight and a lowered red blood cell count," said Ryan. "More serious results are the deterioration of the k I d n e y ^ Jaundice and atrophy of the Ihfc er. In sufficient quantities. PCB can cause death," said Ryan. "The incredible thing about the PCB menace is that its ef fects on man and animal have long been documented by chem ists and biologists," he said. Ryan attributed much of the research on it to Environment Magazine, p u b l i s h e d in St. Louis by the Committee for En vironmental Information. NV U lt> 1 0 RYAN SAID the Food and Drug Admini.ytration should req u i r e alt products containing PCB to be labeled, and asked Monsanto to cooperate with fede. r nl authorities it determine the threat of PCB. The trade name used by Mon santo for its PCB product is "Arcolnr." Although Ryan said that the product is used icy many house hold items. Monsanto said it is not a household product. M o n s a n t o said it is used mainly in electrical applications where the chemical performs as an insulating fluid. "We have and will continue to cooperate fully with governmont agencies investigating this problem,*' Monsanto said in its prepared statement. THF. FIRM noted that alter nate p r o d u c t s will be intro duced later this year for the grades of PCB which degrade slowly. In a related development. Dr. Robert Riscbrough, of the Univcrsity of California. Berkeley, said the PCB has found Us way into fish, sea birds, human fat and human mothers' milk. He said PCBs are used in many household products such as waxes, and floor tiles, and also in brake linings, plastics and adhesives. Other firms also p r o d u c e PCBs in o t h e r parts of the world. B U T . .. THERE ARE 2 SIDES TO THE STORY. . . 729665 FOLLOWING IS THE COMPLETE TEXT OF A NOON (ApH.il 10, 19701, IN RESPONSE YORK CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM F. RVAN. "MONSANTO COMPANY SAID TODAY IT WAS WELL AWARE OF THE CONCERN OVER POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION BY POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL PCB), AN INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL MADE BY THE COMPANY. THE COMPANY BEGAN A SIX-POINT PROGRAM IN 1968 TO PROPERLY IDENTIFY AND MEASURE PCB IN THE ENVIRONMENT, STEPS HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO STRICTLY CONTROL USE OF THE CHEMICAL AND REPLACE THOSE GRADES OF PCB WHICH LINGER IN NATURE, MONSANTO S STATEMENT CAME IN RESPONSE TO CHARGES BY CONGRESS MAN WILLIAM F, RYAN/ (DEMOCRAT) OF NEW YORK THAT THE DISCOVERY OF PCB IN THE ECOLOGY REPRESENTED A MAJOR THREAT, "HOWARD L. MINCKLER/ MONSANTO VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MANAGER OF ITS ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION/ SAID/ WE HAVE/ AND WILL CONTINUE TO COOPERATE FULLY WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES INVESTIGATING THIS PROBLEM, WE ALSO HAVE BEEN IN CLOSE CON TACT WITH OUR CUSTOMERS, MONSANTO HAS SPENT OVER ONE MILLION DOLLARS TO VERIFY OR CORRECT SCIENTIFIC REPORTS/ MONITOR THE USE OF PCB/ AND SEARCH FOR SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS WHERE NEEDED. THIS PROGRAM WILL BE SUCCESSFULLY CONCLUDED THIS YEAR. "'IT IS UNFORTUNATE THAT CONGRESSMAN RYAN EVIDENTLY DID NOT HAVE ALL THIS INFORMATION AT HIS DISPOSAL. JUST LAST MONTH WE PARTICIPATED IN A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MEETING WHERE WE EXCHANGED IDEAS WITH SOME MO SCIENTISTS AND TOLD THEM OF OUR FINDINGS AND ACTIONS/ MINCKLER SAID, "THE MONSANTO EXECUTIVE ALSO NOTED THAT THE USE OF PCB IS MIS UNDERSTOOD BY SOME INVESTIGATORS, FOR EXAMPLE/ WE DO NOT KNOW OF ANY CURRENT USE OF PCB IN INSECTICIDES. EVEN SO/ WE ARE ASKING THE U.S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TO REJECT ANY INSECTICIDE WHICH HAS PCB AS AN INERT CARRIER/ MINCKLER SAID. (Ih light o( thearticlei published in the weekend newspapers about PCB'a , and alio because o( the upcoming Teach-In on the Environment planned (or April 22nd, it might be o( interest to NEV 0 2 1 6 1 1 A NEWS RELEASE ISSUED FRIPAY AFTER- A PRESS CONFERENCE HELP By NEW PCB IS NOT A HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT AS SOME HAVE SUGGESTED/ MINCKLER CONTINUED, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, IT IS NOT USED IN PLASTIC FOOD WRAPS, HOUSE PAINTS, CELLOPHANE, ASPHALT, OR TIRES, THE PRINCIPAL MARKET IS ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS WHERE THE CHEM ICAL PERFORMS A VITAL FUNCTION AS AN INSULATING FLUID. IN THIS USE PCB IS COMPLETELY SEALED IN A METAL CONTAINER. OTHER MAJOR MARKETS EMPLOY SIMILAR CLOSED SYSTEMS. "MONSANTO $ PCB PROGRAM WAS INITIALLY DIRECTED AT PROPER IDENTI FICATION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS APPEARING IN THE ENVIRON MENT. THIS RESEARCH, CONFIRMFD BY OTHERS, FOUND ONLY THE HIGHER CHLORINATED MATERIALS. AT THE SAME TIME, MONSANTO UNDERTOOK ANIMAL FEEDING STUDIES WHICH SHOW PCB IS NOT A HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL. "THE SECOND PART OF MONSANTO S INVESTIGATION WAS COORDINATED WITH ALL CUSTOMERS AND A RIGID CRITIQUE OF ITS PCB MANUFACTUR ING UNITS. ALTHOUGH LOSS OF PCB DURING MANUFACTURING WAS NEGLIGIBLE, PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES WERE FURTHER MODERNIZED AND NEW POLLUTION-ABATEMENT DEVICES ARE CONTINUALLY BEING UPGRADED, MONSANTO HAS CONCENTRATED ITS FURTHER RESEARCH ON THOSE FEW PCB COMPOUNDS WHICH DEGRADE SLOWLY. ALTERNATE PRODUCTS FOR THESE GRADES WHICH RETAIN THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PCB AND PRESENT NO POTENTIAL THREAT WILL BE INTRODUCED LATER THIS YEAR, MINCKLER CONCLUDED: MONSANTO IS SEEKING THE BEST SOLUTION TO THIS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM. ACTION NOT BASED ON REASON AND SCIENTIFIC FACTS CAN ONLY RESULT IN GREATER PROB LEMS. FOR EXAMPLE, WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED BY ONE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER THAT AN IMMEDIATE BAN ON PCB WOULD RESULT IN MAJOR POWER FAILURES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. THIS IS NOT THE ANSWER. PROPER USE OF THIS VITAL CHEMICAL AND SUBSTI TUTION, WHERE APPROPRIATE, IS THE ANSWER,'" youh. (amities to fitad about the. woftk Monsanto has been doing on PCB'4...40 why don't you take this copy o& WGK Today home with you this evening.) NEV 021612 729667 RETIREE DIES EDGAR UHRIG/ 56/ WHO TOOK A DIS ABILITY RETIREMENT IN AUGUST/ 1969/ AFTER BEING ILL FOR SOME MONTHS/ DIED ON FRIDAY IN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL/ BELLEVILLE. MR. UHRIG HAD WORKED AT THE PLANT SINCE 1949. HE WAS A PIPEFITTER. FUNERAL SERVICES FOR MR, UHRIG ARE AT 1:50 P.M, TODAY/ AT THE BALDUSRADDEN FUNERAL HOME/ BELLEVILLE. CONSIDERABLE CLOUDINESS TODAY WITH THE HIGH 60-65, TONIGHT/ PARTLY CLOUDY WITH THE LOW AROUND 40, TOMORROW/ FAIR TO PARTLY CLOUDY WITH THE HIGH IN THE bO'S. PRE CIPITATION PROBABILITIES: 20% TODAY; 10% TONIGHT; 5% TOMORROW, MONSANTO STOCK OPENED: 34-3/8 MARKET DOWN 1,72 APOLLO 13 EXPERIMENTAL PACKAGE POWERED BY MONSANTO RESEARCH pflas h h h - C Q EP IM im iS Q ia P IC . HEAI-SQURCE THE GOVERNMENT HAS DISCONTINUED THE ISSUANCE OF FREEDOM SHARES THE HEAT SOURCE FOR THE ATOMIC- AFTER JUNE/ 1970. FUELED GENERATOR TO BE PLACED ON THE LUNAR SURFACE BY APOLLO 13 ASTRONAUTS FRED W. HAISE/ JR,/ AND JAMES A. LOVELL/ JR./ WAS FABRICATED AT MOUND LABORATORY/ OPERATED FOR THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION BY MONSANTO RESEARCH ANY EMPLOYE (HOURLY OR SALARIED) NOW TAKING FREEDOM SHARES THROUGH PAYROLL DEDUCTION SHOULD GO TO THE TIME OFFICE AND ARRANGE TO CONVERT TO SERIES E SAVINGS BONDS OR CANCEL HIS DEDUCTIONS, CORPORATION, INTEREST ON "e " SAVINGS BONDS HAISE AND LOVELL ARE SCHEDULED RECENTLY WAS RAISED TO 5%. TO DEPLOY A SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTAL STATION AFTER THEY LEAVE -THEIR LUNAR MODULE EARLY THURSDAY MORNING (APRIL 16), THIS EXPERI MENTAL STATION IS SIMILAR TO SAFETY CROSSWORD THE ONE LEFT BEHIND BY THE a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * APOLLO 12 CREW. THE FIRST EVA.(EXTRA-VEHICULAR ACT IV- ITY) IS SCHEDULED TO BEGIN AT 2:02 A.M,/ NEARLY 108 HOURS AFTER THE BLAST OFF FROM CAPE KENNEDY, MOUND LABORATORY HAS BEEN IN THE FOREFRONT OF THERMO ELECTRIC WORK SINCE THE EARLY '50'S. THE HEAT, SOURCE IN THE APOLLO 13 EXPERIMENTAL PACKAGE IS JUST ONE ASPECT OF THE BENEFITS FROM NUCLEAR RESEARCH WHICH MOUND SCIENTISTS ARE MAKING AVAILABLE TO HUMANITY. mamammmnaaa MONSANTO RESEARCH CORPORA TION IS A SUBSIDIARY OF MONSANTO. _a annaam m MLmmvm H 1L |/lo lw ls w m h M JM NcV 021613 729668 EXHIBIT NO. __ AUTHENTICATED: GENERAL ELECTRIC YES NO NO KNOWLEDGE NORMAL BUSINESS ACTIVITY: yes . * NO NO KNOWLEDGE NO SUSPICION OFAUTHENTICITY: YES NO STIPULATED OTHERWISE: YES NO NO KNOWLEDGE . <* - WESTTN6H0USE - MONSANTO r-' -T .-v - '--.r..* -- v v- * *r *> .`. * * -. - . *' 1 MONSANTO WORLDWIDE AROCLOR BUSINESS PUNDS/YEAR salesA ear oross propitA eah OROSS INVESTMENT `HOI WORLDWIDE M/I MONSANTO PRODUCTION LOCATIONS OTHER PRODUCERS: 104 R (70 R in iKinctional Fluids 34 R in P l a s t i c i z e r s ) $21 R $10.0 R $13 R ($15 R in Functional Fluids $ 6 R in Plasticizers ($7.5 R In Functional Fluids $2.5 R In P la sticizer s) ($3.8 R net Investment) 10.5* 6 2 jg USA (2 p la n ts , A nniston, Alabama Sauset, I llin o is ) U.K. (Newport) JAPAN (Y okkaichi) Bayer, Prodelec, Caffaro, Flick, Kanegahuchi, and several Eastern European producers (all ex-USA) nEV 020?9 732134 ttORLEHIPE AROCLOR BUSINESS PRODUCTS CONTAINING NON-DEGRADABIE AROCLORS POUNDS/iEAR SALESAEAR 92 R $18 R ( 70 R In Functional Fluids 22 R in P la s t ic iz e r s ) ($15 R in F unctional F luids 3 R in P lasticizers 0*28 732135 PCB CONTENT PLANT EFFLUENT June, 1969 Present October, 1970 January, 1971 September, 1971 Anniston 50 pounds per day 5 pounds per day 2 pounds per day 5 pounds per day 1 pounds per day (5,000 ppb) (500 ppb) (200 ppb) (50 ppb) (10 ppb) April, 1969 March, 1970 Present September, 1970 October, 1970 September, 1971 \ Sauget 700 pounds per day 200 pounds per day 65 pounds p er day 55 pounds per day 10 pounds per day 2 pounds per day ( 3,500 ppb) (1,000 ppb) (385 PPb) (275 PPb) (50 ppb) (10 ppb) Present Newport 30 pounds per day (3,000 ppb) 022081- 732136 AROCLOR APPLICATION APPLICATION ` Industrial Fluids Transformers Capacitors Heat Transfer NCR Paper Coating8 Emulsion Adhesives Sealants Wax Modification Miscellaneous Plasticizers. M LOLLARS/YEAR 5.000 6.000 3*000 1*300 2,000 200 200 200 200 200 NEV 022062 732137  AROCLOR BUSINESS TO BE DISCONTINUED IMMEDIATELY APPLICATION P estic id e Extender M edicinal, D ental, Cosmetic Cutting O ils \ D istributor Sales - P la sticizers SALES H DOLLARS/YEAR $10 90 50 COMPLETION DATS Completed June, 1970 June, 1970 September, t*fcV 0 " 03 732138 AROCLOR BUSINESS TO BE RETAINED WITH PRODUCT SUBSTITUTES APPLICATION Sealants Coatings Adhesives Wax Modification Miscellaneous Plasticizer NCR Paper SALES M DOLLARS/YEAR $ 200 200 200 200 200 2,000 $3,000 COMPLETION DATE December, 1970 December, 1970 December, 1970 December, 1970 December, 1970 A p ril, 1971 Industrial Fluids Pydraul AC Pydraul AC-WO Pydraul 625 Pydraul F-9 Pydraul A-200 Pydraul 5^0 Pydraul 280 Pydraul Pydraul 115305 Pydraul 230 Pydraul 312 Santosafe 100, 150, 300 $ 300 5 300 700 800 50 150 500 500 5 1,600 50 $5,005 September, 1970 September, 1970 September, 1970 December, 1970 December, 1970 December, 1970 December, 1970 June, 1971 June, 1971 June, 1971 June, 1971 June, 1971 NfcV 02200* 732139 APPLICATION Transformers C a p a cito rs Heat Transfer AROCLOR BUSINESS TO BE RETAINED SALES M DOLLARS/YEAR $3*000 REMARKS In sealed systems. Can exercise tight control at customer plants and repair shops. Contaminated material to be reclaimed or safely destroyed. $6,000 , In sealed units. Can exercise tight control at customer plants and repair facilities. Contaminated material to be reclaimed or safely destroyed. Disposal of old capacitors presents problems. Development of degradable Aroclors is underway. $1 ,300 Used in closed systems. Control can be exercised. We will discontinue the sale of Aroclors for heating systems used in food pre paration. NfcV 022085 732140