Document JNEv35Xb13bm7ggq5qjamQZ26

SAFETY NEWS Published WASTE and CONTAMINATION -- Both Are Eliminated! In an M. S. A, First Aid Kit, each unit package contains one or more complete treatments for a single injury. Nothing is wasted. Nothing need be put back, possibly soiled by handling. And all dressings are hermetically sealed in sterile packages, all liquids contained in individual ampoules -- an absolute guarantee of factory-fresh ness and purity. The packages cannot shift out of their neat, orderly arrangement. The needed dressing is visible at first glance, insuring quick treatment and prompt renewal of supplies when exhausted. There is a treatment for every sort of injury; a size, type and fill of case for every industry. Let us send you a complete catalog of M. S. A. First Aid Materials, and quote on your requirements. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. Braddock, Thomas & Meade Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. District Representatives in Principal Cities i%f, S. A. Products include Breathing Apparatus ... inhoiators ,,. Comfo Respirator* ... Masks of all Types ... Gus Indicator* ., .Gas Detectors.. .Safety Goggles.. > Protective Hot*and Caps ,;,Edt.`cn Electric Cap Lamps... Safety Clothing... First Aid Equipment.,. Descriptive Bulletins will be sent on request New One-Piece WILLSON U/eldUtfy J-lefanek and Jlattdsludlds Well Balanced Sturdy-- Comfortable One-Piece No Seams No Riveted Joints The new welding helmet, cupped deeply to obtain close side protection to a point well back of the ears, permits unbe lievably free head and neck movement. Protection from reflections and flashes from nearby work is provided by the full turned edges which run well back under the chin and above the head. The usual riveted, lapped-over seams have been eliminated; smooth rounded interior promotes air cir culation and results in a well ventilated, cool, comfortable helmet. Adjustable three-position headgear ^ and chin rest bar combine with improved design to make the most wear-worthy hel met we have yet found it possible to make. Rugged and strong, it will hold its shape and stand up under rough shop use and abuse. The helmet may be had with Flip- front or plain composition glass holder which will not warp or bend and is not af fected by moisture or extreme temperatures. More durable than any helmet or handshield you have ever bought for your welders, these new devices of one-piece formed strong black fibre employ an improved design to obtain a greater ruggedness. Improved methods of manufacture permit the use of heavier fibre with no increase in the weight of the device. To the handshield is riveted securely a grooved handle of proper size and shape to afford good grip and balance. Standard in the new devices.is 2"x4j4" WiLLSONWeld \Aflnr Glass, which meets all requirements of Federal Specifi cations and which is most widely used and best known for its unusual ability to cut off dangerous infra-red and ultra-violet rays of light. Write today for prices to Willson Products, Inc., Reading, Pa. WILLSON PRODUCTS Represented in 13 western states by B. D. Bullard Co., 2?3 Eighth Street, Sun Francisco, with conveniently located brunch depots. Represented in Canada by Safety Supply Co., Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Tin' XATloNAl, SAtT.TY \H\VS i* puhllfhed monthly !>.v the National Safety i ouncil, XWtu Wanker i>rn* f hioMih HI, Teariv Sunseriptinn Trine $4.00, Volume f h Number i. Kutcmi #* Wiv.rn'l das* matter June U2i. i tin? iV-T-du *- j,t t nn-atnc liihx i. nmirr the Act >' M tfru ixi*). Additional miry at St, Joseph, HichUgn. JANUARY, 1937 WILLIAMSPORT WIRE ROPE CO. WILLIAMSPORT, PA. 122 SO. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. Other Offices in All Principal Cities NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 3 Steel for Protection Registered U. 8. Patent Office Snce the days of armor, steel has protected men against injury. Its resistance to heavy blows has saved casualties in industry as well as in combat. Steel provides protection for the feet that wear Lehigh Safety Shoes. The improved steel box toe is a shield of safety reducing foot injuries and compensation costs. 806 -- Black Elk Blucher, Stock Tip Double Chrome Leather Sole and Heel. Width E, Sizes 3-13. The added advantages of comfort, long wearing qualities and good appearance are features that readily induce workers to wear Lehigh Safety Shoes. We can furnish styles and patterns to meet all requirements. Please write for complete information. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC. ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY, 1937 4 # Practically every 1937 automobile will come equipped with Safety Glass All-Around. This fact, emphasized by car manufacturers, makes its use in practically every type of common carrier of great importance. Every effort to extend its use to all types of vehicles is surely in the interest of greater public safety. UBBEY-OWEXS-FORD GLASS COMPANY , . . TOLEDO, OHIO L I B B E Y O W E 1SI 5 - Fo R D A LL-AR O UTN D NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ANOTHER IMPROVEMENT by the House that Pioneered the UNIT SYSTEM of FIRST AID Fifteen years ago The Davis Company introduced to industry an entirely new system of First Aid for treating industrial accidents -- the Interchangeable Unit System of dressings and treatments. With it, industry could take care of accidents more quickly and more efficiently. This System was found to be of particular value in locations not immediately accessible to the services of a physician or nurse. The Units, plainly marked and always visible, contained sufficient material for the proper treatments. They were inserted into the kit in an orderly fashion, like books on a shelf. Because of its simplicity and usefulness, the Davis First Aid Kit was quickly adopted by industry throughout the country. Now the Davis Kit is given a "wrinkle" finish which is much more durable than the smooth enamel paint. It is more resistant to scratch ing and marring.lt retains its clean-cut appearance.The kit lasts longer. Your Davis First Aid Kit will contain uniform packets of special dressings and treatments required for the hazards of your industry. Only supplies likely to be required are included, thus saving in first costs and making the entire contents of the kit more useful. Among the important dressings and treatments introduced by The Davis Company and still exclusive with them are: 1...The more absorbent cotton-lined gauze compress. 2... Antiseptic swabs with special cotton applicator ends. 3...150.INE, the non-alcoholic Iodine. 4...TANNOID for burns. Our New First Aid Catalogue is now ready. It gives full details. Send for a copy. DAVIS equipment CO., INC. CHICAGO, ILL. NEW YORK CITY * HOUSTON, TEX. DAVIS EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CO., LTD., s.n FtMd.ro u A.i.l.., 01. JANUARY, 1937 5 lUdW. VOLUME 35 NUMBER I SAFETY NEWS CONTENTS JANUARY, 1937 CARMAN T. FISH Editor C. F. SCHEER Associate Editor STANLEY H. KERSHAW Poster Editor C. H. MILLER Advertising Manager Tlie Cost Is Returned Many Times- Louis S. Cates....................... .. 11 Speed Without Hazard?--Frank McManamy ..........................................12 Tlie Proof?--It's in the Figures--S. C. Dickinson..................................15 Fire Hazards that Menace the Plant-- T. Alfred Fleming.................. 17 The White Elephant Is on the Job--Fred J. Hatch............................... 19 Housekeeping Is Easier in a Bright Plant---C. F. Scheer ........ .20 New Responsibilities--And Old Ones Too ............................................... 22 Lighting Is Most Important---//. 0. West ..................... 23 For Those Who Work Aloft--IF. P. Raymond, Jr. ............ .25 Safety Has No Quitting Time--William C. James............. .. .27 After the Injury--N. E. Eckelberry..................................................... .. 33 Bromine--Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 21 ,.......................................38 Safety Serves on Public Works--IF. O. W henry . ........................... .. .48 Compensation for Silicosis Involves Knotty Problems-- Theodore C. Waters ...................................................................................52 States Plan Stricter Driver Control .............................................................. 56 Employee Training Pays Its Way--J. P. Murray...................................72 REGULAR DEPARTMENTS Editorial ...................... 9 The Safety Library ............ 58 The Managing Directors Page ... .10 Asked and Answered..................... .60 The Safety Exchange .....................28 Correspondence ........................ 61 Safety Instruction Cards................. 30 Obituary .................................... 68 Industrial Health............................. 31 The Honor Roll ............................... 81 The Rulletin Board......................... 10 Coming Events ................................. 81 With the Manufacturer ..................82 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. omce of tltt? Education Division, i Park Avc,, Now York City INC. e^prright January. by -National Safety Cnuitcil, file /Tinted in U. S. A. Entered a* econa-ciat* matter Tuna i, 1821, at the Post Office at CtotcafO, I1L, under tne of March 3. 1878. Additional entry at at. Joseph, The price to member* for extra subscription* to the NATIONAL SAFETY *S'K\VS is $4,00 per year, Single copirt. 40 cents. Reduced quantity price* for yearly sub- saipUoni ami aimsla wpire on. nouett. Subscriptlona are available oniy to members of the .National Safety council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This mazarine is indexed in the Industrial Arts Index, Statements and opinion* advanced in signed article* are individual explosions of their author*, not those of the National safety Council. 13,750 eopfCK of this iue were printed. 6 The AO "Duralite-50" Goggle protects from chips that strike ... Here is the goggle for chippcrs, grinders, Duralite-50 for cool eyes and dear lenses all other workers whose unprotected eves in normal atmosphere. Air channels in the are exposed to chips coming from any edge of the eye-cup under the lens -- plus direction -- the goggle that provides com side performations --- produce a natural plete, all-round protection. draft inside the cups. The Duralite-50 Goggle is not only safe In addition to the Duralite-50 Goggle,* -- it is light, cool and comfortable as well. American Optical Company makes a com Individual eye-cups of light, durable com plete line of goggles for every industrial position are shaped to the anatomical eye hazard. Also -- the services of AO structure of the orbit of the eye -- left industrial representatives are always availa cup for the left orbit, right cup for the ble to help make your eye safety program right orbit. The edges are rounded for most effective and profitable. Write your comfort. The perfect fit prevents the en nearest AO branch office today or to trance of glancing particles. A s. American Optical Company, South- There is ample ventilation in ;hc \ y \ bridge, Mass. *6-Curve Super Armorpiate lenses ( patentee i providing maximum resistance to impact may be supplied as optional equipment. Ventilating system keeps tenses from fogging American Optical Company Wide angle of vision 3367 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 9 JANUARy, i937 Unfinished Business HE NATION begins the New Year with several im T portant items coming under the head of "Unfinished Business." Not the least of these perplexing social and economic problems is the control of motor vehicle accidents. While many cities and a few states made progress during 1936 toward the goal of a 35 per cent reduction in traffic fatal ities by the end of 1940, the total of deaths for the na tion will probably exceed the high mark of 1935. On the basis of gasoline consumption, progress has been made. Unfortunately, it is not a cheering kind of progress. It is saddening to realize that this barometer of increasing prosperity must also record a growing number of deaths and crippling injuries. The deaths of 37,000 persons and the disabling of sev eral times that number demands the earnest study and vigorous action of all who have jurisdiction over streets and highways, and of those who use them as motorists or pedestrians. There can be no disputing the fact that our highways need widening, with segregation of lanes of traffic and separation of grades at both highway and railroad cross ings. The startling increase in night accidents points to the need for highway illumination. Many states are now considering the adoption of stand ard drivers' or the strengthening of present inadequate laws. Such bills, however, may languish and die in the legislatures unless there Is a well organized public opinion back of the movement. Here is where state and com munity safety organizations can help. More companies are extending their safety programs to include the after-work hours. A company's efforts, how ever, should not stop with its own workers. However skill ful and careful they themselves may be, they are con tinually menaced by the acts of the reckless and the un disciplined. Industry should extend its support and influ ence to community and national safety efforts. Progress is hindered by the comparatively small pro portion of the population reached by organized safety work. Businesses whose hazards are not. sufficiently ob vious to command respect, small shops, one-man ventures and agriculture are outside most of the programs for acci dent prevention. These groups are also responsible for a large proportion of the occupational deaths. The home presents the most baffling problem of all. Second only to the motor vehicle toll in seriousness, home fatalities attract little public notice. They are seldom spectacular, unless a conflagration destroys a home and its inmates. Newspapers do not publish the totals and in many communities adequate reports are not available. The law has little control over home hazards unless they JANUARY. 1937 become a public menace. And the agencies which reach the home lack the facilities for effective educational programs. Yes, there is plenty of unfinished business on the books for 1937. Resolution HEREAS, reckless speed, carelessness and intoxica W tion of both motorists and pedestrians are among the major factors that threaten to set. for 1936, a new alltime high of persons killed in traffic accidents, eclipsing even the record of 37,000 dead in I93S; and WHEREAS, while it is true that there has been during 1936 a marked increase in gasoline consumption, which means a decrease in deaths relative to automobile mileage, we recognize that no excuse can be accepted for condi tions and practices that produce an ever-increasing toll of lives, and WHEREAS, the National Safety Council is entering the second year of its Five-Year Campaign to reduce traffic accident deaths throughout the country 35 per cent by the end of 1940, and has helped and encouraged intelli gent organization for safety in all 48 states and the Dis trict of Columbia, and in hundreds of communities with in the states through its field forces and the complete facilities of its engineering, educational, editorial and sta tistical services: and WHEREAS, while we recognize the urgent need for im provement of our highways and our enforcement programs, we know that greater carefulness of drivers and pedes trians would promptly and drastically reduce the traffic toll: THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the National Safety Council does solemnly call upon the millions of persons using the streets and highways of America to accept their personal obligations in this matter, to the end that the phrase, "Drive carefully and walk safely," may become not merelv a slogan but an effective realitv: and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the National Safety Council continue all its various activities in further ance of the cause of highway safety during the corning year: that it intensify and expand every effort already undertaken in its Five-Year Campaign, to the end that 1937 will bring to society a richly deserved reward of thousands of men, women and children spared from acci dents or untimely death. The National Safety Council By 0. H. Watson. President By W. H. Cameron, Managing Director (Passed unanimously by the members of the Executive Committee of the National Safety Council at their regular meeting held in Neiv York City, December 14, 1410.) 10 THE MANAGING DIRECTOR'S PAGE Better Safety Records and a Better Civilization To all, then, we extend most cordial wishes for a Happy New Year--and with this one supreme hope topping it all: That you shall be spared to press forward again during DWARD Everett Hale said, "Look out--not in!" 1937 and the years to come; to fight the good fight with E We realize that safety is an extrovert's task. Safe ty men must continually visualize and deal with renewed vigor and optimism--more determined than ever to help in establishing better safety records--and a better external, outside things--even though they be the mindscivilization. and hearts of human beings. Nevertheless it would seem to be desirable at the end of the year to take personal inventory--to look within our own hearts and our minds--certainly a viewpoint not out of harmony with the true spirit of the season. We are fellow workers, associates, travelers, compan ions--all marching along together upon a unique, distinc tive highway. As public servants and as members of the same profession we have been hammering away all during the year on the same problem. Our tasks are all similar; our motives the same; we strive for the same objective. We are workers, not theorists, not faddists; we are prac tical people, not inexperienced school boys. It is our work and our responsibility to grapple earn estly and persistently with subversive forces which we seek to control. So for the moment let us look within--and congratulate ourselves. We have been sincere, ardent, vigorous for twelve long, trying months. We have gone forward--made definite progress. Each day we have sought to do our jobs better and better. Every resource at our command has been used to the best of our knowledge and ability. We are neither complacent nor self-satisfied; there is too much unfinished work before us. Yet as we lay aside our tools for the moment and calmly reflect on the progress and disappointments of the past twelve months I am sure there will come to all of us the soulful satisfaction of hav ing done our very best. The leadership of the National Safety Council is indeed grateful for the multitude of services contributed so spon taneously and generously in the carrying out of its safety programs in so many fields of activity. If all its help, all its good will, all the practical accomplishments could be packed into bulky containers--like bales of cotton--the whole city of Chicago would not be big enough to store these precious packages. Never has there been a more generous, a more enthusiastic body of cooperators. And outside of our immediate family membership, hun dreds of organizations and groups have been generous and sympathetic in their cooperation toward the National Safety program. There has been more acceptance of recog nized safety principles; more working together--in har mony--for a common safety objective. Our business men, public officials, school teachers, our Boy Scouts and other national bodies are all helping in some measure in this zealous attack on the accident problem. They deserve high praise and commendation from an appreciative na tion. cy/ ) INTERESTING ITEMS 1. Improved business is bringing a real up-swing in new mem berships. Of special interest is the number of new Complete Industrial members. If your membership service is a Basic Industrial one, and if you want to make a stimulating change in your program, we shall be glad to send you a portfolio pre senting this Complete plan. 2, New publications on the fire are: iai The 1936 Congress Transactions. Two volumes. One copy goes automatically to each member. tb) "Engineering for Traffic Safety." This is one of the series of booklets prepared for the Five-year Campaign to save 38,000 lives. sci "Safety for Small Communities." This is another of the same series and presents the carefully planned program for smaller communities. id) "How Long on the Highway?" This report is the sequel to "Too Long at the Wheel" pamphlet pub lished over a year ago. This new pamphlet deals with the subject of vehicle driving fatigue. 3, We urge industrial members to be making plans now for their 1937 "After the Whistle Blows" campaign. Be sure and tie this fine work into the national campaign to reduce traffic accident* 35 per cent by the end of 1910. You will find an article on page 22 offering suggestions for a 1937 program. 4. How about every member helping to get a member during 1937? Inquire if your neighboring plant is a member of the Council--if not, urge them to come into the family. 3. Highway officials are taking a more and more active interest in Safety, and in many states are taking the lead in safety organi zation and educational work as well as in building safer roads. Safety was the principal topic of discussion at the recent conven tion of the American Association of State highway Officials at San Francisco, where one entire session was devoted to this subject, including an address by a National Safety Council representative. 6. All signs point to a record breaking interest in traffic safety in the 1937 legislatures. In practically every state whose laws are not now in aecord with the uniform vehicle code (including a good drivers' license law) strenuous efforts will be made to enact the needed laws or amendments. Every member of the National Safety Council is urged to support reasonable constructive traffic legislation based on the Uniform Code. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS II The tfilW is RETURNED S4N / Tt^i _ By LOUIS S. CATES President, Pholps-IJodgc Corporation .11111)1)011 Sli.ilt, l'liolps-llodge Corporation, Bisbce, Arizona. One company alone can create little enthusiasm for safety. In all industry and in all walks of life people must be educated to the necessity of acci dent prevention JANUARY, 1937 any expense incurred in behalf of safety is returned many times over through de creased compensation for injuries and generally improved working conditions. Although we are still trying to im prove our record, the following figures of the accident rate per 1.000 shifts worked indicate that improvement has been made. The figures are for our mining properties in the Southwest: Rate per 1,000 AFETY work has been carried on Year Shifts iVarked S by Phelps - Dodge C orporation 1921 ....... Ull over a period of many years, but 1925 ...............................................,,..... .718 in 192S it was felt that the results bei11n99g2276 .......................................................... 313 ................. J75 obtained were not satisfactory. At that 1928 ..........................................................091 time it was decided to treat the preven 1929 .......................... .045 tion of accidents as a major operating problem and to require the management to give as much attention to this side of the work as to any other. An organiza tion was set up with various committees 1930 ....................... 047 1931 .......................................................... 054 1932 ........................................................-.064 1.933 .......................................................... 039 1934 .................. 137 1935 083 at the different mines and plants, headed by the General Manager of the Com It will be noted that in 1934 the rate pany and the managers of subsidiaries of accidents increased. This was due to and branches. an increase in production and the em At the time of this reorganization we adopted a policy of assuming that prac tically all industrial accidents were pre ventable. Measures were taken to report and analyze all accidents with a view to fixing responsibility and correcting dangerous conditions in order to pre vent the recurrence of similar accidents. ployment of men who had not recently been in contact with safety work. It il lustrates that no one company alone can stimulate enthusiasm for safety, and that in all industry and in all walks of life people must be educated to a real con sciousness of the necessity of accident prevention. Further steps were taken to maintain The National Safety Council is acting strict discipline and the enforcement of as a central clearing agency for this de safety precautions, such as the wearing sirable work and deserves to be sup of special shoes, safety hats, and goggles. ported by all who are interested in re It has been demonstrated clearly that ducing accidents. 12 Frank McManamv Railroad safety as the press viewed it seventy years ago. From Harpers Weekly, 1865. < * rj,s PEED Faster train schedules and a remarkable reduction in acci dents are notable accom plishments of American rail roads during the past half century. Now they face the problem of maintaining their safety record while meeting the demand for still greater speed ill Ills, HAZARD OR HALF a century the Intel F state Commerce Commission has been active in promoting the saie- ty of employees and travelers on rail 8 y FRANK McMANAMy roads, but the actual history of the movement for protection of railroad em ployees dates much farther back. Co incident with the rapid growth and development of American railroads fol lowing the Civil War came the need for protection of employees engaged in the then extra hazardous occupation of operating trains. The excessive number of deaths and injuries in coupling and uncoupling cars and falling from the tops of moving trains while operating hand brakes caused active steps to be taken by railroad employees to provide safer methods and attracted the atten tion of humanitarians throughout the country. This resulted in further agita tion for automatic couplers, power brakes, and other safety devices. In 1871 Senator Sumner of Massa chusetts introduced in Congress a reso lution providing for an investigation to determine what steps should be taken to prevent the great loss of life on railroads, and from time to time thereafter nu merous bills were introduced. In his first message to Congress in 1889, President Harrison urged that legislation be enacted to protect railroad employees. He said in part: "* * * It is a reproach to our civiliza tion that any class of American work men should in the pursuit of a necessary and useful vocation be subjected to a peril to life and limb as great as that of a soldier in time of war." The recommendation for legislation was repeated in 1890 and again in 1891. In the meantime, legislation for the pro tection of railroad employees and trav elers had been enacted by various States. It at once became apparent, however, that the transportation of persons and property across state lines made it im possible to provide adequate regulation bv state laws. In fact, it soon became apparent that state laws often created additional hazard because of their lack of uniformity and their failure to bring about standardization of railroad equip ment. The creation of the Interstate Com merce Commission by act of Congress NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 13 approved Februaiy 4, 1887, provided a Federal authority to which legislation regulating railroads could be assigned. For the entire period of its existence, therefore, the Interstate Commerce Commission has been the agency of the Federal government in direct charge of the promotion of safety on railroads. On January 31, 1889, the Interstate Commerce Commission called a confer ence composed of the state commis sioners, or other authorities entrusted with the supervision of railroad affairs, for the purpose of considering, among other things, the question of safety in railroad operation. This conference adopted a resolution in which the Inter state Commerce Commission was re quested to formulate appropriate regu lations and to make such recommenda tions to the railroads and suggestions to the Congress with respect to legislation on the subject of safety. Pursuant to this request, a questionnaire was issued by the Secretary of the Commission for the purpose of obtaining the views of state officials, railroad officials and em ployees, and ail other persons who might have something of value to present. Recommendations for the promotion of safety were contained in the first annual report which the Commission made to Congress, and subsequent annual reports have contained further recommenda tions. Most of these have been enacted into law. The duties of the Interstate Com merce Commission with respect to the promotion of safety on railroads are pre scribed by a series of separate laws en acted by the Congress at different times. Most of these were in response to urgent demands by the railroad employees lor protective legislation. The recommend ations of the Commission cover not only the protection of railroad employees but also the protection of travelers by rail road and the property of the carriers. These laws in the order of their enact ment, with a brief summary of their provisions, follow: The Safety Appliance Act. This act which was approved March 2, 1893, has since been broadened and strengthened by amendment and clarified by Supreme Court decisions. The express purpose of this law is to promote the safety of travelers and em ployees upon railroads. In general terms it requires that all locomotives be equipped with power driving-wheel brakes and appliances for operating the train-brake system. All trains must have a sufficient number of power-braked cars so that the engineman can control the speed of the train without the use of hand brakes. All cars must be equipped with automatic couplers. All cars irujst be equipped with grab irons or hand holds, and the Commission was given the authority to establish the standard height for draw bars for freight cars which was to be initially designated by the American Railway Association subject to approval by the Commission. 'The amendment of April 14. 1910, re quired additional safety appliances such as hand brakes, ladders, running boards, and sill steps, and at the same time authorized the Commission to designate the number, dimensions, location, and manner of application of such appli ances, The Medals of Honor Act. This act approved February 23, 1905, followed the principle established in 1874 when Congress provided for the bestowal of medals upon persons who endangered their own lives in saving, or endeavor ing to save, iives from the perils of the sea. It extended similar recognition to those who endangered their own lives in saving, or endeavoring to save, lives from any railroad wreck, disaster, or grave accident, or in preventing or endeavor ing to prevent such wreck, disaster, or accident. The Hours of Service Ad. This Act was approved March 4, 1907. During the period when efforts were being made to secure the enactment of the Safety Appliance Law a new hazard was devel oping due to railroad employees being required and permitted to remain on duty for long periods. This resulted in many accidents causing death and in jury to employees and passengers, as well as causing heavy property damage. The hours of duty of railroad employ ees were not regulated by law and there were frequent instances when employees remained on duty so long that they be came weary in body and mind and were not sufficiently alert to perform the ex hausting duties assigned to them. As time went on these practices became more aggravated and it became increas ingly apparent that the conditions could be corrected only by legislation limiting the hours of duty of the employees en gaged in or connected with the opera tion of trains. In its annual reports for 1904 and 1905 the Commission called attention to the fact that excessive hours of labor JANUARY, 1937 17 Industrial fire protection must overcome the hazards of new processes as well as the more familiar causes of fire lire Hazards That Menace the Plant ROCESSES of manufacture have P changed materially in recent years as a result of chemical research. These changes have been made without sufficient study of the fire and explosion hazards that may be involved. In addi tion, recent industrial recovery has placed in use buildings which have de teriorated during the depression period and which are not in keeping with stand ard, safe construction. Recently a fire occurred in the sub basement of a five-story industrial build ing. The original fire was so small that firemen needed only a 2 J4-gallon ex tinguisher to put it out. They were ready to leave when they noticed smoke coming from an open window of the unused top floor. They found two-thirds of this section in flames as the result of ignition from the concentration of super heated air which had come from the basement through stairways and other vertical openings. The loss from the original fire was nothing, while the blaze in the upper section cost several thou By T. ALFRED FLEMING sand dollars. Director of Conservation, The Xattonal Board of Fire Underwriters, Xew York City This emphasizes the importance of planning new buildings and reconstruct ing older ones to cut off the spread of For years manufacturers in many on the roof. A hissing sound was first dangerous hot air, gases and burning lines of industry have developed nu noticed and attendants started to close substances, not only upward, but hori merous new products by utilizing waste off the valves, but a spark from some zontally. Tightly enclosed elevator materials possessing inherent hazards. source completed the job before they shafts, stairways, and other vertical op Chemical research is largely responsible had a chance. Static electricity or the enings, and the erection of standard fire for these new products which, incident flame from a gas-fired dryer may have wall partitions will give a much im ally, have often brought profits exceed caused the ignition. proved margin of safety. ing the normal operating costs of the In Cleveland, the industrial area Two costly explosions took place in entire plant. In the development of along the Cuyahoga River was seriously soybean processing plants during 1935. these by-products, the inherent hazards endangered by a fire which spread over Eleven men lost their lives and 45 others are frequently overlooked, and disas the entire river surface, on which there were injured in Chicago, with a property trous results are inevitable. was a quantity of oil and scum. Every damage of $600,000. Two weeks later a As an example, an explosion took industrial property adjoining for blocks smaller soybean oil extracting plant was place in the hydrogen building of a vege and an important railway bridge were in blown up in Momence, 111., where two table oil hardening plant in the stock serious danger. Due to a slow current, persons were killed and two were in yard district of Chicago, in February. which is frequently paralyzed during the jured. In each of these there was pres 1936, causing the death of four work winter season, gasoline, oil and chemi ent the hazard of dust explosion and also men, serious injury to several others, cals from tankers passing up and down danger from the ignition of fumes from as well as the complete destruction of the river coated the water. Farther up the solvent used, which is generally a several buildings. the river more than fifty million gallons high grade of gasoline, such as hexane. The explosion resulted from the igni of gasoline were stored. Lack of knowledge of methods of safe tion of hydrogen gas which escaped from A workman was using an acetylene guarding these manufacturing processes a leaking pipe line. The hydrogen was torch in cutting a steel plate on a 600- was the direct cause of the heavy casual manufactured for use in the processing foot vessel. .Sparks must have fallen on ties. of vegetable oils, and was stored in tanks the oily surface of the river. A surrmind- JANUARY. 1937 14 was one of the principal causes of rail road accidents. Three Presidential mes sages to the 58th Congress (1903-1905) urged the enactment of laws limiting the hours of service of railroad employees. The Ash Pan Act. This Act, which was approved May 30,1908, made it un lawful to use in interstate or foreign commerce any locomotive not equipped with an ash pan which can be dumped or emptied and cleaned without an em ployee going under the locomotive. Ex ception is made for locomotives upon which by reason of the use of oil, elec tricity, or other such agency an ash pan is not necessary. A penalty is provided for any violation thereof and provision made for enforcement by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The act became effective January 1, 1910, thus provid ing ample time for the railroads to make the necessary changes in construction. The records showed an average of 14 persons killed and 119 injured each year while under locomotives cleaning ash pans. Compliance with the act by the railroads removed the necessity for men going underneath locomotives for the purpose of cleaning the ash pan, and wholly eliminated casualties from this source. Transportation of Explosives Act. The original Transportation of Explo sives Act, approved May 30, 1908, ap plied to transportation of explosives only. It was amended in 1921 to include flammables and other dangerous ar ticles. Contrary to the usual procedure, this law was advocated by the railroads themselves under the leadership of James McCrea, later president of the Pennsyl vania Railroad. In presenting the mat ter to the Congress it was shown that for more than 20 years the railroads had struggled by individual efforts to enforce regulations to prevent fires and explo sions on railroad property resulting from the transportation of explosives and other dangerous articles. They were un successful because, as they testified in the hearings on the proposed bill, some of the railroads would wink at violations of the regulations in order to secure the traffic. To correct this practice the rail roads requested that the Interstate Com merce Commission be given by law juris diction over the regulations, which was done. In the execution of the provisions of this act the Commission has, as provided therein, utilized the services of the bu reau for the safe transportation of explo sives and other dangerous articles which is created and maintained by the rail roads. The Accident Reports Act. Since 1888 the Commission has required rail roads to include in their annual reports information concerning accidents. The present accident investigation law was approved May 6, 1910. Under this law and orders of the Commission issued pursuant thereto, in addition to being required to file monthly accident reports the carriers are required to report by telegraph to the Commission ail serious collisions and derailments, and the Com mission is authorized to investigate such accidents and render reports thereon. Such accidents are investigated and re ports setting forth in detail the facts disclosed concerning each accident in vestigated, the cause, and recommenda tions for preventive measures are trans mitted to the president of the railroad on which the accident occurred. These reports lead to the correction of opera ting conditions and practices which are likely to cause accidents. The Boiler Inspection Act, which be came effective July 1, 1911, established a general safety standard for locomotive boilers and boiler appurtenances. It provided for the appointment of a chief inspector, two assistant chief inspectors, and 50 district inspectors to administer the provisions of the act. It also pro vides for the promulgation by the Com mission of rules and regulations by which the general condition of equipment should be determined. An amendment to this act, approved March 4, 1915, extended these provisions to the entire locomotive and tender and all their parts and appurtenances, and a further amend ment making the provisions of the law applicable to any locomotive used or permitted to be used on the line of any carrier engaged in interstate commerce was approved June 7, 1924. Section 26 of the Interstate Com merce Act. Section 26 of the Interstate Commerce Act was approved February 28. 1920, as a part of the Transporta tion Act. This section gave the Commis sion authority, after investigation, to require carriers to install upon the whole or any part of their lines automatic train-stop or train-control devices, or (Please turn to page 77) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 16 operating department, however, where men are employed steadily with few changes in the character of their work, and where, perhaps, education and train ing in safety rules are most effective, the number of accidental injuries was reduced 76 per cent and time lost 40 per cent. The campaign for the safety of indus trial workers is one that never ends. Year after year the same old, hazards confront us and some new ones, arising from new machinery, new methods and greater speed. Changes in personnel take place. New men, untrained in the Company's safety code, must be taught how to protect themselves against injury or death and what to do when chance catches them unaware. Obviously the major premise of any plan to reduce the number of accidents and cut their toll of losses must be its unceasing continuity, its persistence in application of common sense protective rules. The safety organization of Pacific Gas and Electric Company was formed in 1914. With changes and improve ments dictated by experience, the safety program has been carried on unremit tingly ever since. The Company's gas and electric sys tem covers a large territory, approxi mately 89,000 square miles in extent. Employees of the various departments are scattered throughout this area, fre quently in small groups, and intensive organization necessarily was the first essential. The Safety Engineer and two assist ants direct the work from headquarters in San Francisco under the Central Safe ty Committee which is composed of the Vice President in Charge of Public Re lations and Sales; The Second Vice President and Assistant to the Presi dent; the Engineers of Gas Construc tion and Operation, of Electrical Oper ation, and of General Construction; the Superintendent of the San Francisco and East Bay Division, the Claims Ad juster, Manager of the Personnel De partment, and the Safety Engineer. The Central Safety Committee has general supervision and control of all accident prevention activity throughout the system. It establishes standards for safety devices, equipment, and material; promulgates safety rules and instruc tions; reviews reports of all accidents and injuries: and issues educational in formation. In each of the twelve geographical di visions of the system a Division Safety Committee, consisting of from five to fifteen members, is responsible for mak ing the program effective among the em ployees. These committees investigate all accidents, reporting their findings to the central authority. They hold meet ings of foremen and men, keep accident and injury records, and take such dis ciplinary action as is necessary when rules are violated. Last, but perhaps most important of the agencies by which the practice of safety measures is spread among the working forces, are the Workmen's In spection Committees, of which there are 40 in the twelve divisions. Each of the inspection committees is composed of three men, membership rotating so that the personnel changes every twelve months. The schedule is so arranged that the entire system is inspected every three months. Hazardous conditions, unsafe prac tices, and the use of unfit tools or equip ment are sought out by the inspection committees, promptly reported, and re medial steps promptly taken. The work men's inspection committees have a real istic view of the conditions under which they and their fellows labor. Theirs is the duty to prevent accidents by uncov ering potential causes and by enforcing the safety code. With their on-theground knowledge of actual conditions they may recommend further precau tionary rules or changes in methods de signed to reduce occupational hazards. Safety work does not stop at preven tive measures. When an accident does happen and injuries are suffered, the employees are taught what to do to save life or lessen the severity of injuries. First aid instruction is given systemat ically, every employee whose work in volves risk or injury being required to devote at least four hours every year to this part of the safety program. Teams are organized throughout the system and contests held to foster a friendly rivalry for supremacy among employees. Over one thousand employ ees of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company now hold U. S. Bureau of Mines first aid certificates and over 5000 have had one or more full courses of in struction. A large number also hold American Red Cross certificates. Proficiency in first aid has not only contributed materially to improving the Company's safety record, but repeatedly it has helped sufferers from accidents {Please turn to page 76) Typical bulletins i >.ueil by the Central Safety Committee of the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. Caution after hours, as well as the hazards of the job. is stressed in these messages. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 16 operating department, however, where men are employed steadily with few changes in the character of their work, and where, perhaps, education and train ing in safety rules are most effective, the number of accidental injuries was reduced 76 per cent and time lost 40 per cent. The campaign for the safety of indus trial workers is one that never ends. Year after year the same old, hazards confront us and some new ones, arising from new machinery, new methods and greater speed. Changes in personnel take place. New men, untrained in the Company's safety code, must be taught how to protect themselves against injury or death and what to do when chance catches them unaware. Obviously the major premise of any plan to reduce the number of accidents and cut their toll of losses must be its unceasing continuity, its persistence in application of common sense protective rules. The safety organization of Pacific Gas and Electric Company was formed in 1914. With changes and improve ments dictated by experience, the safety program has been carried on unremit tingly ever since. The Company's gas and electric sys tem covers a large territory, approxi mately 89,000 square miles in extent. Employees of the various departments are scattered throughout this area, fre quently in small groups, and intensive organization necessarily was the first essential. The Safety Engineer and two assist ants direct the work from headquarters in San Francisco under the Central Safe ty Committee which is composed of the Vice President in Charge of Public Re lations and Sales; The Second Vice President and Assistant to the Presi dent; the Engineers of Gas Construc tion and Operation, of Electrical Oper ation, and of General Construction; the Superintendent of the San Francisco and East Bay Division, the Claims Ad juster, Manager of the Personnel De partment, and the Safety Engineer. The Central Safety Committee has general supervision and control of all accident prevention activity throughout the system. It establishes standards for safety devices, equipment, and material; promulgates safety rules and instruc tions; reviews reports of all accidents and injuries: and issues educational in formation. In each of the twelve geographical di visions of the system a Division Safety Committee, consisting of from five to fifteen members, is responsible for mak ing the program effective among the em ployees. These committees investigate all accidents, reporting their findings to the central authority. They hold meet ings of foremen and men, keep accident and injury records, and take such dis ciplinary action as is necessary when rules are violated. Last, but perhaps most important of the agencies by which the practice of safety measures is spread among the working forces, are the Workmen's In spection Committees, of which there are 40 in the twelve divisions. Each of the inspection committees is composed of three men, membership rotating so that the personnel changes every twelve months. The schedule is so arranged that the entire system is inspected every three months. Hazardous conditions, unsafe prac tices, and the use of unfit tools or equip ment are sought out by the inspection committees, promptly reported, and re medial steps promptly taken. The work men's inspection committees have a real istic view of the conditions under which they and their fellows labor. Theirs is the duty to prevent accidents by uncov ering potential causes and by enforcing the safety code. With their on-theground knowledge of actual conditions they may recommend further precau tionary rules or changes in methods de signed to reduce occupational hazards. Safety work does not stop at preven tive measures. When an accident does happen and injuries are suffered, the employees are taught what to do to save life or lessen the severity of injuries. First aid instruction is given systemat ically, every employee whose work in volves risk or injury being required to devote at least four hours every year to this part of the safety program. Teams are organized throughout the system and contests held to foster a friendly rivalry for supremacy among employees. Over one thousand employ ees of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company now hold U. S. Bureau of Mines first aid certificates and over 5000 have had one or more full courses of in struction. A large number also hold American Red Cross certificates. Proficiency in first aid has not only contributed materially to improving the Company's safety record, but repeatedly it has helped sufferers from accidents (Please turn to page 76) Typical bulletins i >.ueil by the Central Safety Committee of the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. Caution after hours, as well as the hazards of the job. is stressed in these messages. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 18 ing curtain of water from ten hose streams, the application of over half a ton of foam, and the absence of a wind enabled the fire department to control the blaze at a point 100 feet from ex posed gasoline tanks. This is the second serious river fire at the same location caused by floating oil. The first took the lives of seven men. Such fires demonstrate the need of com plete information of the hazard of the materials or processes involved, and il lustrate the need of modern fire equip ment and constant vigilance. Electrolysis Another hazard to industry given in frequent consideration and seldom un derstood is electrolysis. This is unques tionably the cause of what might have been a tragedy in Utica, N. Y., in Febuary, 1936. All business in the busiest section of the downtown area was sus pended for more than 48 hours, tele phone and gas service over a much larger area was interrupted and several fires occurred in nearby buildings, following the ignition of gas escaping from a street main. The gas may have been ignited by a workman's pick striking a stone while the repair of a water main was in proc ess. The temperature was below zero. The leak in the water main was no doubt due to electrolysis or electric currents straying from their usual return and using water or gas pipe instead. This break was near the street car tracks. When dug up, the water pipe was found to have been eaten away for a dis tance of almost three feet, and the water had washed out a cavity extending 1S or 20 feet square and about seven feet deep. Mains had been undermined by the removal of the supporting soil, and the six-inch gas main had broken from the strain. After the gas was ignited, the fire followed sewers and subways, blowing up four manhole covers in three blocks, followed electric conduits into adjoining buildings, causing explosions and fires. More than 3.000 telephone wire connections in underground con duits, including police department lines, were put out of sendee. Quick action by the chief of the fire department and the fine cooperation of all organizations, merchants, and indus trial companies averted what might have been a tragedy. Modern science has sup plied ways to test for straying electric currents. Such a test should be required frequently. A hazard has made its appearance in many locations, caused by the leakage of gasoline and fuel oil from buried tanks. Explosions and fires due to the escape of these liquids have been caused by either improper installation or de terioration, frequently assisted by elec trolysis or ordinary corrosion. In mak ing the excavation for a tunnel system in an eastern city recently, seepage of gaso line was found which was traced to a tank 150 feet distant. It cost the tunnel company $60,000 to protect its installa tion against this hazard. A number of reports are on file of siimilar leakage entering the subway sys tems. as well as plant and mercantile basements. A report of a flagrant exam ple comes from a town of five thousand in Colorado. A new tank of standard construction, installed less than two years, was found to be leaking. Inves tigation showed electrolysis was the cause. The location was near the power house of the street railway system. The hazard is general and may be found wherever tanks and service lines have been installed for a period of years. Prior to installation, underground tanks should be protected against corrosion by the equivalent of at least two prelimi nary coatings of red lead, followed by a heavy coating of hot asphalt. Before being placed in service, every such tank should be subjected to a pressure test and thereafter any evidence of leakage promptly investigated. Sometimes fighting fires in the ordi nary way, where chemical products are involved, brings about reactions which not only spread and intensify the fire but increase the life hazard to those car rying on fire fighting operations and any persons remaining in the building. Some time ago the fire department of an east ern city responded to a fire involving large quantities of sodium nitrate. The material had worked through many of the containers and resulted in the nitra tion of woodwork and other materials of construction: hence the fire was ex tremely intense. The fire department, not familiar with sodium nitrate, attempted to extinguish the fire by "high pressure hose streams, which scattered the burning material, the reaction resulting in numerous minor explosions which spread the fire through out the building. A nitrate fire can be extinguished only by discharging on it large quantities of water at low pressure through the open butt of a hose line. Lightning Few industrial operators give suffi cient consideration to the hazard of lightning. Their location in the heart of the city with large quantities of steel framework construction has provided them with a considerable degree of pro tection. However, additional safeguards are frequently necessary. The steel framework of a building supplies a good conductor similar to a well-installed lightning rod system on a farm barn, provided the steel members are securely riveted or welded together and grounded to permanent moisture: and usually, even though both of these conditions are not wholly met, the steel structure has sufficient capacity to ab sorb an ordinary discharge of lightning without material damage. Frequently, however, a high smoke stack far above the top of the structure has no steel in its construction nor any metal conductor, and as it is the highest point, it invites the current from the lightning discharge and causes extensive damage. All such stacks, both inside and outside the city, should be protected by the installation of a suitable copper cable with sufficient points at the top arranged on a band of copper surround ing the stack. This cable should con tinue down to a permanent ground and also should be tied into the steel frame work of the building at one or more points. Air Conditioning Hazards in air conditioning systems were brought to notice by several seri ous fires. Duct systems necessary for forced passage of air are insulated with a material to prevent the transmission of the sound of air passing through. Very little thought had been given to the com bustibility of the lining substances, until a serious fire occurred recently in a New York theater. The fire department, early in the evening, extinguished a small fire in some rubbish near the steps of a rear entrance. Shortly thereafter it was found that the entire air conditioning system was on fire inside the ventilating ducts. The outside intake of the air condi tioning system was near the location of the first fire, and superheated air from this blaze had been drawn by suction into the intake pipe, setting fire to the lining by spontaneous ignition. The introduction of a "production line'' or continuous conveyor is being undertaken by some furniture manu facturing plants. Furniture of the cheaper grade is finished on a moving platform which conveys It into an en closed spray booth, from which it goes to the drying oven, then to another en- (Please turn to page cj j NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 19 The White Elephant Is on the Job By FRED J. HATCH Wisrtttisin Public Service tior/n The Wisconsin Public Service Corp., like many other companies, finds that this "pet" keeps departments alert to find hazards HEN a foreign country adopts ners of the Council's national award in W American practices or ideas, that is not news. But when an 1929, 1930 and 19.32 resting in ninth place did not look good to the company's enterprising American company aedxoepctustives and when the 1936-37 contest a Siamese custom and it proves success began the managers and employees ful that's news! And by the tail of the found that their chief executive was Siamese white elephant hangs another sponsoring a company activity known tale of how the Wisconsin Public Ser as the President's Safety Campaign. vice Corporation has practically elimin Announcement of the campaign was ated accidents in a program centered sent to the division managers and de around an old Siamese custom. partment heads in the form of a bro When the dose of the 1935-36 Na chure, the cover of which was imprinted tional Safety Council contest found the "A Personal Message from J. P. Pull Wisconsin Public Service Corporation iam." The first page of the folder con in ninth place J. P. Pulliam, president, tained a personal letter signed by Mr. and C. B. Boulet, safety director, de Pulliam and the balance of the pages cided to do something about renewing outlined the details. Quotations from interest in accident prevention. Win various parts of the folder follow: President Pulliam and his staff inspecting the While Elephant. Left to right: C, It. Phenicie, vice-president; J P. Pulliam, president; -M. 1L Montrose, Wisconsin Valley division manager; A. J. Goedjcn. Green Bay division manager; C. B. Boulet, safety director: E. 8. Schrank, Oshkosh division manager; A. F. Davcy, Sheboygan division manager; II P. Taylor, assistant secretary. JANUARY, 1937 "Bring our accident frequency record back to the level of 1932 and 1933. The excellent record made during those years can be attributed to i 1) Enthusiasm of the men on the job: (2) Personal in terest and supervision by department heads, superintendents, and foremen. "Recreate active interest among su perintendents and foremen in the job of stopping accidents before they happen. Experience has proven that accidents do not happen in those departments where the superintendent is enthusiastic about safety---where he takes personal interest in accident prevention. When the men know that the boss wants some thing done, his men do it. If he insists on speed, he usually gets it. If he re quires good housekeeping, his depart ment will show it; and if he demands that work be done safely, he will have a good safety record. "Make every man in the organization safety conscious so that every job he does will be preceded by careful thought." Planners of the campaign realized that something with an appeal to all employ ees would create widespread interest and participation. The awarding of badges, buttons, cups and flags for not having accidents was an old stunt. But suppose they were awarded something for having an accident? That's where the White Elephant came in. Did You Ever Hear The Story About The White Elephant{ "In Siam the White Elephant is a sacred animal and can be owned only by the king. The White Elephant cannot be used for income-producing purposes or for labor, and furthermore, the White Elephant is very expensive to keep. In Siam, if some of the nobility incur the displeasure of the king, he immediately assigns to that person the upkeep of a (Please turn to page <>6) 20 jl NYONE who believes that an industriai plant must be a dull, J. JL drab, dingy sort of place would change his opinion after a trip through the Ditzler Color Company plant at De troit. There, by the simple expedient of the use of light and the application of color, an effect of brightness and cheer fulness has been attained that cannot help increasing the feeling of well-being on the part of the employees. Admittedly in a paint and lacquer factory there would be plenty of color available. But the actual use of color to achieve a decorative effect unusual in industry requires thought. And the con stant application of the paint brush re quires time and energy. The Ditzler Color Company, however, has found it worth while to keep its plant clean, airy and bright. And rarely does a visitor fail to remark about the colorful effect. As a part of the program of cleanli ness, the process of paint manufacture has been made automatic wherever pos sible, to avoid manual handling which might cause spillage. Batteries of grinders prepare the pig ments and pastes, which then pass on to the mixing tanks, where solvents, driers and thinners are added. At this stage, samples of the paint are drawn off and taken to the testing laboratory, where they are tested for color, shade, and working properties. When the batch has been mixed properly and thoroughly, it is drained into drums or smaller con tainers and packed for shipment. In following the process through the plant the visitor will note that every de partment is plentifully provided with window space, ventilation--and color. In some departments even the floor has been painted. In general the walls near the base are painted black--with the The neat, trim exterior of the plant re flects what the visitor may expect inside- Housekeeping Is Easier In a Bright Plant By C. F. SCHEER. Light and paint have accomplished much more than decorative effects in the Ditzler Color plant corners white to make them conspicuous and thus keep them clean. The re mainder of the walls and also the ceil ings are done in white or aluminum. Tanks, vats and machinery vary in color, though all those within a given depart ment conform to the same color scheme. Everything which it is desirable to bring out and make noticeable has been treated w'ith a coat of brilliant yellow'. The hand trucks, for example, and the 30-gallon containers used for shipping paint would stand out conspicuously on the darkest day. The fire extinguishers, which are both plentiful and readily accessible, are also done in yellow and stand out strikingly against a deep red background. A brilliant red color also identifies the 17 miles of sprinkler system piping. Even the transformer rooms and the storerooms housing raw material, where few persons ever venture and where there might be a temptation to slight housekeeping, have received their share of color. No estimate has ever been made of the quantity of paint used annually, but it must run well into thousands of gal lons; for every paintable surface is given; its coat of color at least once a year. la departments where spilling occasionally occurs, paint may be applied at inter vals of only a week or two weeks. The whole effect of the plant may be summed up in these words--bright,, light, and airy. The safety program does not begirt and end in the application of color, how ever. In the mixing rooms, for example, all equipment and tanks are grounded -- not only through bus bar to the electrical control rooms, but also directly to the ground--to prevent accidental ignition of flammable fumes. Containers which are being filled must be grounded to the pipe lines. Vapor-proof electric motors operate the machines in these danger zones, and are in turn operated by remote control ---the fuse boxes and electrical switches being isolated in a section of the base ment and working through vacuum switches at the machines. The varnish plant is set off from the main portion of the plant and has an in dependent sprinkler system. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 21 Isolated from every other building is the huge liquid storage house containing sixteen 12,000-gallon tanks liiled with alcohols, esters, coal tar thinners, and similar flammable solvents. Each tank is equipped with a built-in carbon diox ide lire extinguisher. Two watchmen are on duty constantly, to detect immediate ly any leakage and to prevent unauthor ized persons from entering the premises. Spray booths in the research and test ing laboratories are equipped with waterspray hoods. When the stones from the grinding mills are being re-furrowed with an airhammer. a fine spray of water is di rected at the point of operation to pre vent small abrasive particles from flying about. Electrical hoists are used to remove the full 50-gallon drums from the stor age racks, so that back strains will not be involved. And finally there is a modern plant hospital which recently was installed in new quarters. All employees are given a thorough physical examination, in cluding a chest x-ray, before hiring. Should they work in a department where considerable dust is generated, the ex amination is repeated every' six months. Employees have been trained to report any and all injuries. Particular atten tion is given to small cuts, which com prise the majority of injuries, for pig ment introduced into even a minor skin break might cause a serious infection. The safety department makes inquir ies regarding employees absent from work. The nature and seriousness of the illness is determined, and the case is fol lowed until the employee returns to his job. Sanitation is regarded as a natural ad junct of safety. Employees who may become covered with pigment or per spiration. or whose work requires the wearing of overalls, are provided with a change house and shower room and given half an hour to dean up and dress before the whistle blows at quitting time. There is also a wash room for every de partment in the plant. Safety as a plant-wide production factor is discussed once a month at a meeting of all foremen. In addition, de partmental safety committees consist ing of three to five employees from each unit of the piant meet once a week with the plant safety director. Discussions at such meetings concern not only hazards, but also such items as proper methods of operation and the correct wav to use protective equipment. The personnel of these committees rotates so that practi cally every employee will become ac quainted with the safety requirements. When new men are placed on the com mittees, the first meeting thereafter is devoted to a discussion of first aid. Clean-up time in the Ditzier plant is all the time, and toward the end of each shift mops and brooms go into action vigorously. Each department is held re sponsible for its own appearance. During slack periods employees are retained on the payroll and put to work on a concentrated clean-up program. At these times practically the entire fac tory is given a complete scrubbing and painting. A plant of this type is a revelation of what might be done in industry simply by carrying a few common household practices into the factory. If a piant which handles paint can keep from splat tering itself---can be so bright and color ful that it fairly smiles--the majority of industrial plants should have no dif ficulty in achieving a similar effect. Tanks lose their humdrum r!iar;u'teri-- ties when color enters the picture. In this corner of the synthetic enamel mix ing department paint is used not only on the battery of mixers but also on pillars, light snitches, ducts and pipes, and even on the floor. JANUARY, 1937 Characteristic of the cleanliness of the entire plant is the small order depart ment, where small quantities of paint are compounded to order. Here, as in other parts of the plant, maximum window space has been provided to make the greatest possible use of natural daylight. 22 working effectively by several Council New Responsibilities members is the notification of the man agement by the police department every time any worker is involved in an auto mobile accident or is observed violating a traffic law or ordinance. Such men are . . . And Old Ones, Too then interviewed by the safety man who, among other things, may say: "Bill, the boss just heard you were reported for a traffic violation and he's started to won The safety man's job is being enlarged to include the protection of employees and their families from non-industrial accidents der if you haven't been violating some of the shop safety rules too. He doesn't say that you have--but he's wondering about it. I thought I had better say something to you about it because viola N SPITE of the fine safety records 1935, but only 2 in 1936. That is a twin I that have been achieved by hun dreds of American industries, it must accomplishment of which to feel justifi ably proud--and incidentally, it repre be remembered that the accident probsents an indirect saving to the employer lem will never be completely solved, nor that more than repays the cost of all of will it stay solved. The introduction of the work that was done. each new machine, each new process, Fortunately, most employers do not each new worker is a jolt to a well estab need a financial incentive to influence lished safety program. Periodically the them in attacking the problem of out safety engineer must start ail over again side accidents that has become a national in his program of checking and improv disgrace. They appreciate the fact that ing the physical condition of "the they cannot exert the same degree of works," of making job analyses to dis supervision over their workers after cover the best and safest way to do each hours, but they are convinced that job, and of training and supervising the through industry a great work can be ac workers in their everyday tasks. complished by familiarizing the employ And new responsibilities are being added constantly onto the shoulders of those safety directors who have demon strated their ability to ``take it." As an example, consider the responsi ees with the causes of after-hour acci dents and with the part that each man, woman and child must play if the ob jective of the Five-Year Plan is to be achieved. bility for protecting workers and their families from the devastating results of A Plan Thai Works non-industrial accidents. With the in auguration of the Five-Year Plan a year ago by the National Safety Council for a 35 per cent reduction in motor vehicle fatalities, many employers began to real ize that motor vehicle accidents, as well as accidents in the home, were costly to industry, particularly when such acci dents involved their own workers and Safety men as a whole have formu lated a great variety of plans for decreas ing the number of after-work accidents. Practically all are making sure that each worker has copies of the state laws and the local ordinances governing the oper ation of motor vehicles. One particularly interesting plan that is reported to be tions of traffic rules and shop safety rules sometimes result in accidents, and neither you nor the company can afford to have you mixed up in an accident, either at home, on the street or on the job." Another concern whose plant is on the outskirts of a large manufac turing area found upon investigation that workers were being injured because of their hurry to leave the plant and get seats on the street car that passed the entrance. The officials conferred with the trolley car executives and as a result, two special cars were spotted in front of the plant just before quitting time every day. Now that the men are sure to get seats, there is no rushing or crowd ing, and no accidents. Two demonstrations were staged in the city of Detroit to prove the folly of ignoring local traffic regulations. First, a fire truck started out from a cer tain manufacturing center and was driven as fast as possible to an adjacent residential district, the driver paying no attention whatever to traffic signs, sig nals, or regulations. Then a police car traveled over the same route in a much more leisurely manner and in strict com pliance with all traffic rules and regula- (Please turn to page 64) members of the workers' families. Thus, hundreds of safety men who have learned how to reduce the cost of accidents dur ing working hours have been called on to i hereby certify that during 1936 I was not involved in an automobile acci- do everything in their power to achieve a cident; nor was I required to appear before a traffic court or any other traffic similar reduction in the cost of accidents enforcement body for violation of traffic laws. occurring after working hours. The results attained in this new field have amply justified the expansion of ! further state and pledge to do my utmost in continuing correct automo bile driving practices in 1937, as well as observing traffic laws and courteous the safety man's job. Take the record driving habits, and I hereby promise wherever possible to encourage others to of a midwestern concern whose frequen do likewise. cy rate of industrial injuries decreased from 4 in 1935 to ,5.3 in 1936, even in Signed______ _____ ___ __________ _________ the face of increasing employment when frequency rates might normally be ex Date.______ ___________ _____ ___ ___ _ pected to gu up. Not only that, but in addition, this company had 8 workers who met death in outside accidents in A suggested pledge for a Safe Drivers' Club. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 23 Lighting Is Most Important To insure high standards of workmanship, and to avoid nervous strain, daylight conditions must be main tained twenty-four hours a day in servicing aircraft subject to continual refinement. Welding operations and sheet metal fabrication have shown decided progress. Basically, however, the problem still remains one By H. O. WEST of skill and care on the part of a care fully trained personnel, working under Superintendent of Engineering* United Air l ines conditions that aid and encourage an at titude of precision and pride of crafts manship. EVERAL years ago, when we con if our close tolerance standards are ex S centrated our overhaul facilities at Cheyenne and established a ceeded. All steel parts are magnaflux tested for hidden flaws. Propellers are standardized maintenance routine at thcliesaned in acid baths, subjected to base, we recognized that our drive for minutely inspection and such regrinding improved maintenance practice began, and reburnishing as may lie necessary. rather than ended, with the installation Hubs are also magnaflux tested and giv of modern testing and servicing equip en a "double-check" inspection routine. ment and other direct mechanical aids Re-assembled, the power plants are ready When the base at Cheyenne was set up, the hangar and shops were laid out to provide the best of working conditions from the standpoint of daylight, heat, cleanliness, spacing of equipment, con venience to tools and stock, step-saving in routing of the work to the various de partments, and the like. Right from the beginning, the influence of one of these to precision workmanship. The aim from this point on was to develop our procedure, our personnel, and our work and waiting as subsequent planes ar rive for overhaul. During the past sum mer, approximately six planes per week factors--good lighting--stood out as most important, both in its direct effect upon workmanship, and its indirect ing conditions in the shop so as to make more efficient use of these facilities. The procedure itself, developed by ac have been handled at Cheyenne, and present winter schedules call for five a week. effect in avoiding the nervous strain which comes from poorly lighted visual tasks. tual experience over the past two years, Naturally, as this maintenance pro Naturally, however, operating now follows these general lines: Each cedure has been continued month after schedules in the shops had to proceed United plane is routed to the Cheyenne month on a standardized basis, it has be on the same basis in spite of dark days, base after every 500 hours of flight. As come possible to get a good line on the and during the night hours as well. Thus, it arrives in the central hangar, it is first factors, both mechanical and human, we soon came to realize the need for a thoroughly cleaned, and then turned that contribute to high standards of system of artificial light that would give over to the inspection staff for a workmanship. Test equipment has been us daylight conditions twenty-four hours thorough-going initial examination in- side and out. Engines, propellers, certain of the flight instruments, batteries and other removable parts are removed and routed to special shops which concentrate on these individual parts. Sections of the wing and tail surfaces are removed for more complete inspection and such ser vicing as may be necessary. The interior of the cabin is entirely stripped at each of these 500-hour intervals to permit complete inspection of internal struc tural elements, as well as cleaning and repair of upholstered chairs, interior decoration, and the like. The engine and other parts which were removed are meanwhile replaced by others already overhauled and checked. This entire routine occupies a five-day period. As the plane leaves Cheyenne, it is virtually a brand new ship. In the meantime, the parts of the piane which were sent to the individual shops are routed through their own inspection and overhaul procedure. Engines are completely disassembled, and all parts subject to wear are gased and replaced Mercury vapor long-tube lamps provide a satisfactory light for the exacting work of servicing planes of the United Air Tines. JANUARY, 1937 with the same standardized symmetrical layout of these lamps installed at Chey enne. The benefits of good lighting are not confined to workers in the hangars and shops. When the United Air Lines oc cupied its enlarged general offices on the entire nineteenth floor of the LaSalle Wacker Building in Chicago the stand ard building lighting fixtures were re placed with silver ray type illumination, providing approximately -33 foot-candles and employing 7S0 and 500 watt. We are convinced that greater accuracy and greater efficiency can be attributed to this improved lighting system. Control room of the motor test plant at the overhaul anti repair base of the United Air Lines at Cheyenne, Wyo. Thorough inspection and testing is the principal reason for an outstanding safety record. As in all departments, good lighting is an aid to accuracy. Present Trophy To Dominion Rubber Co. NE of the important events of the O Industrial Safety Conference held in Montreal, Quebec, November IS and 19 by the Province of Quebec Safety League was the presentation of a Na tional Safety Council trophy to Papineau Factory of the Dominion Rubber Company Limited. The presentation a day, and at every point, whether near or far from the windows. Considering its effect upon operating results, we decided that the problem of choosing proper lighting should be con sidered just as critically as that of choos ing any other production tool. Indeed, lighting is the one "tool" upon which all other means to good workmanship depend. This meant a study of the types of lighting particularly suitable to the kind of work we were carrying out. As an example, we found that the bright aluminum finish of Alciad sheets nr bright-finished aluminum alloy parts are somewhat difficult to work on or in spect under ordinary artificial light, due both to glare and to its apparent failure to show up fine detail. Following the practice which we understand is used by the Aluminum Company of America in inspecting polished sheets, we turned to the tubular type of mercury vapor lamps for this purpose. In contrast to our pre vious light sources, we found that these long-tube lights provided a soft light without glare, and with a color quality that showed up detail in many crises better than daylight itself. Eventually, our tests of various light sources brought us to the conclusion that this type of lamp, properly spaced and mounted for the specific job to be lighted, was undoubtedly best suited to our needs, for the hangars as well as in the shops. For fine machine work, propeller grinding, and the like, these 450-watt mercury vapor tubes, mounted on eightfoot centers, appear to exceed daylight in their ability to reveal detail without visual strain. In the engine overhaul and assembly shop, a ten-foot spacing provides a sight-saving light level in the absence of daylight. The sheet metal and welding shops have a uniform lay out of lamps of the same type, mounted on twelve-foot centers and about thir teen feet high. In this work, the uniform distribution of light across the wing sur faces. cowling and other large work areas has proved a decided aid to finishing and inspection. For the hangar, there has been some question as to the suitability of the Cooper-Hewitt type (long tube) mer cury lamp in comparison to the bulbtype mercury vapor lamp which operates at a somewhat higher efficiency on a wattage basis. Despite the higher hang ing heights necessary in the hangar, however, it is our experience that the softer effect and minimization of shadows resulting from the use of "long-tube" type of mercury lamp produces superior seeing conditions. Certainly, for hang ars where inspection and precision work on bright metal parts is being carried out, we are convinced that this is so. As a result, our division hangars in Newark. Cleveland. Chicago, Los Angeles, and other points have recently been equipped was made by W. H. Cameron, managing director of the National Safety Council, who is shown in the above photograph with \V. A. Eden, president of Dominion Rubber Company. In the Rubber Section Safety Contest for the six months ending June 30, 1936, the Papineau Factory led Groups C and D with no disabling injuries in an ex posure of 579.962 man-hours. Another Canadian plant which was honored in the Rubber Section Contest was that of the Goodyear Tire & Rub ber Company of Canada, Limited, at New Toronto, Ont. This plant ranked second in Groups A and B with one dis abling injury in an exposure of 1,209,359 man-hours. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 26 ''urtsr Ttonesge* Valley Authority This man is working within six inches of the brink of a 60 foot cliff. The safety bell and life line will save him if the earth gives way. be strong enough to withstand the shock or load to which it might be subjected. Rigid standards have been established by reliable manufacturers regarding the material in the belt, as well as all attachments such as dee-rings, snaps, buckles, threads, and rivets. Two types of material are being employed in the construction of safety belts, linen web bing and leather. The question has often been raised as to which material provides the greater protection and the longer service. The important factor in either type is to se cure a belt containing the best material properly constructed with all attach ments of sufficient strength to withstand the shock of a fall by the wearer. The linen webbing used by the United States Government for parachute har ness tests 2.800 pounds without break age and breaks at 3 .500 to 4,000 pounds. Two-inch prime leather strap -;-inch thick cut from the heart of the hide breaks at 2,000 to 2,400 pounds and tears at the buckle hole at 1,200 to 1,800 pounds. Linen webbing is a uniform product, whereas leather, no matter how closely inspected, is variable either through bad hide substances or faulty tanning which cannot be detected. Both leather and webbing must be carefully selected and must answer all requirements before being used. The selection of the hardware and the con struction of the belt are equally as im portant as the selection of the webbing or leather. There is greater strain on the belt at the location of the dee. and reenforce ment at this point is essential. A `i- inch soft laid wire life line is being suc cessfully used as well as a one-inch or 1 -inch manila rope. Wherever acid is present, or where there is danger of an electric flash or fire, it is more desirable to use the wire life line. The life line should be attached to the dee ring by an egg shape thimble and by splicing, or it should be plated into the dee-ring. In locations where the wearer may be exposed to an unexpected fire or flash, consideration should also be given to the buckle. There is on the market today a belt with a quick release feature de signed especially for use in locations where it would be desirable to get re leased from it in a fraction of a second. This belt is made without a buckle and. therefore, has no holes on the billet end. In a number of instances where the old style tongue was used the tongue was torn through the billet holes. We can, therefore, realize the advantages of using a belt where no buckle is neces sary. Another feature of this belt is the quick release feature whereby the user can release himself immediately by simply pulling a strap. This type of belt has a large usage in the oil fields, par ticularly by men working on derricks. Inspection and Care of Belts To eliminate the sudden shock occa sioned by the life line catching a man's weight after he has fallen, a spring at tached to the life line is being used by some companies. Another belt resem bles a harness which fits the wearer around the legs, as well as the body. It has the advantage of eliminating the shock to his chest and abdomen when the life line catches his weight after falling. When new belts are purchased, a care ful inspection should be made and it should be definitely ascertained that the belt will provide the protection for which it is to be used. There is a difference of opinion as to whether a belt should be given a severe test before being accepted for use. Some believe that the only sure way of determining' the strength of a belt and its attachments is by an actual test, while others feel that the test tends to weaken the belt and after the test is made the strength of the belt is question able. It might be practical when new belts are purchased to test one of the lot and to consider the information from this test as applying to the strength of all other belts in the shipment, or applying a test of somewhat less severe nature to the balance of the lot. In no rase should a test be given ofi so severe a na ture as to render the belt too weak for service, unless the purpose of the test is to determine its strength with no idea of using the belt thereafter. It is not only necessary to secure a quality type of belt, but it is equally important to maintain the standard of this equipment during its normal life. 1. Each day before using a belt carefully inspect it and make sure that it shows no de fects. 2, Never permit belts to be exposed to ex cessive heat, such as from steam coils or radia tors. ?. Wipe belts off with a dean rag after a day's work in the rain and allow them to dry at room temperature. 4. Give leather belts a light dressing of neatsfoot oil after use. 5. Always keep belts out of the range of blow torches, furnaces and other sources of' excessive heat. 6. Never punch extra holes in a belt or strap. Belts should never he dropped or thrown from an elevation to the ground. 8. if a belt is accidentally cut it should be immediately discarded. v. belts should he stored in special com partments or bags or hung on a rack so that contact with hardware or sharp tools will be avoided. 10, At least every 60 days each belt should be given a thorough inspection, carefully washed and cleaned to remove all dirt, and leather belts should be given a thorough treat ment of neatsfoot oil. This inspection should include a careful examination of all parts of the belt for wear, cuts and defects. In the event that there is a suspicion as to the strength of .my belt a test might afford the only means of determining whether it should be discarded or issued again for further use. In no event should a belt be re-issued if there is anv doubt as to its serviceability. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Safety Has No Quitting Time By WILLIAM C. JAMES Portland (Jentent Association, Chicago The safety program of the Cement Industry extends be yond the plant gates and the dose of the working day ANY plants in the cement in this after-work safety program is the Mdustry have undertaken exten sive community safety pro Safety Minute Men organization. The title of the organization, the wording of grams. Under the leadership ofthethpeledges and the emblem all combine Portland Cement Association, the in to attract the interest of the employees' dustry is sponsoring a safety program families and stimulate them to active for its employees outside of working participation in the work. hours and, by extension, for the com The possibilities of such a program munity in which the plant is located. are limitless. It might be well to begin At El Paso, Texas, the Southwestern with introduction of ideas on home and Portland Cement Company has organ highway safety in the plant safety meet ized a Safe Drivers' Club, which has met ings. Literature on these subjects is now with an enthusiastic response not only available from the Portland Cement As from plant employees but from the en sociation and the National Safety Coun tire community. cil. Additional material will be avail In Mason City, Iowa, the Minute able in the future. Men organization of the Lehigh Port land Cement Company has extended its activities to the entire community. Many residents of the town who are not plant employees have signed the Safety Min ute Men pledges. Each year the Minute Men are to sponsor a June no-accident campaign which should bring worth while results.- Supplementing this cam paign, they are to publicize the import ance of periodic vehicle inspection. From this beginning, work can be ex tended to include the whole community. Each member of the employees' fam ilies should sign pledge cards and per haps, as interest spreads, other residents of the community may be encouraged to join the movement. Community safety meetings may be held with out side speakers. Community safety cam paigns may also be conducted, with .stroup prizes awarded. Local garages have offered their facili ties for the inspection of automobiles during this period. The Penn-Dixie plant at Richard City, Tenn., has offered to equip a school boy safety patrol. A very important activity is safety in struction in the public schools. A child who has been trained in safety will grow The Huron Company at .Alpena, Mich., produces periodically a mimeo graphed bulletin to publicize the efforts being made to keep the worker safe. Many hints for household and highway safety are included in this bulletin which is mailed to the homes of employees. The first mailing of this bulletin attracted discouragingly little attention. The sec ond edition aroused more comment, and now the bulletin has become a powerful stimulus to home and highway safety among the employees and their families. These are a few examples of after work activities which arc being under taken by Portland Cement organizations throughout the country. The basis of This emblem on (he right rear fender indicates that the ear is driven by a member of the Safe Drivers' Club of the Southwestern Portland Cement Company. El Paso, Texas. JANUARY, 1937 up to be a safety-minded citizen. The sponsorship of a program of child safety education will pay large dividends in future reductions of accidental deaths and injuries. In all cases where tire whole community is involved the cooperation of the city government and the news papers should be enlisted. The 1935 absenteeism study, under taken by the Portland Cement Associa tion, has demonstrated consistently the desirability of an improved employee attitude with regard to physical condition. This, too, is essentially an after-work activity. The home office of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany has a very extensive plan for assist ing employees to maintain good health. It has established a full-time clinic in its offices for diagnosing ailments and for guiding employees' efforts to prevent illness. A recent bulletin on the results of this plan reports that the number of days lost due to sickness was reduced 23.50% through the efforts of the clinic over a period of three years, i do not believe that such an extensive program is prac ticable at the present time in the cement industry. It is mentioned here only as evidence of what can be accomplished in the reduction of sickness absenteeism. Last winter a brief health campaign was instituted experimentally. The re sults were quite satisfactory, considering the brevity of the campaign. An exten sion of the preliminary campaign was made this summer following an onset of heat prostration cases. It brought im mediate results, with a complete cessa tion of fatalities from this cause. For many years the Portland Cement industry, in common with all industry, has believed that the employee welfare activities should be limited to the work ing time of the employees. More and more, industrial organizations are com ing to realize that diplomatic, unofficious extension of welfare activities, partic ularly in the field of safety and health, to the employee and his family in the home, and at times even to his neigh bors, is very desirable. Such a program assists in the establish- (Please, turn to page 6$) 28 JhfL Safcity' fcxzhanqsL A Round Table in Print through parallel to the sides permits the opening of drums which contain gases that might explode when an acetylene torch is applied. The device originated with E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.. Wilmington, Del. Further details may be obtained from National Safety Council headquarters. Wooden Rod Locks Disconnect Switches the kiln hood. Small diameter pipe was utilized to make the framework. Similar pipe was used for supporting arms from the shield to a base of sheet steel on which it rested. This makes the whole arrangement steady as it rests on the floor. Within the frame a large panel of cor rugated asbestos roofing is inserted and Cylinders Held Securely With This Carrier Disconnect switches that are side by side and on the same level can be locked by passing a wooden rod through the ring of the knives and padlocking the rod in place. For additional safety the This device for carrying cylinders is made of two pieces of tubular steel to which are welded four pieces of steel, forming tongs. The bolts permitting the tongs to open and shut are set to give free swing to the tongs but will not allow the nut to become loose. This device, light in weight, will handle most ordinarily sized cylinders. With it cylinders can be picked off the ground or floor and transported easily. This cylinder carrier is in use at the United Public Service Company, Hous ton, Texas. Drums Opened Easily With This Device The drum opener shown is of welded steel, and the cutting disc is bolted directly through to the handle. A guard of metal over the disc prevents the oper ator from cutting his hand on the disc. This device which cuts the top rod can be painted a bright red, as it is in Denver, where this idea was developed by an employee of the Board of Water Commissioners. The accompanying sketch shows the method as applied to a three phase switch; however, the length of the rod can be determined by the num ber of switches to be locked. Observation Shield for Kiln Burner A cement plant in the East developed this unique shield for protecting the kiln burner who must frequently make observations through opening around held in place by strips of flat iron stock. At normal eye level a large aperture is cut in the absestos roofing, and a frame of steel is made in which is inserted a section of `4-inch plate glass through which the observation can be made. The whole assembly is of welded con struction, except for the "bolts which hold the asbestos roofing to the cross strap supports. The ends of the straps are, of course, welded to the pipe frame, as are the ends of the window glass frame. The floorplate of the shield is forward so that the operator can stand behind it without any possibility of stumbling or catching his foot on either the floorplate or the supporting pipe frame. To sta bilize the arrangement further a weight may be placed on the floorplate. To assist in repelling heat radiation the entire shield is painted with aluminum paint. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS The ideas presented in the SAFETY EXCHANGE have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method, send in a description, with illustration, if possible. Devices known to be available commercially are not included Safety Chuck Wrench Is Useful Tool This safety chuck wrench is for use on a drill press, lathe or any machine having a chuck which is operated with a key type wrench. It prevents opera tors from having their hands pulled in to the machine if the chuck is set in motion. The wrench is a simple type of "T"handled wrench with a sleeve added. The sleeve must be pressed back against the spring before the wrench can enter the hole in the chuck. The moment pressure is removed, the spring forces the sleeve against the chuck, and pushes the wrench out. This wrench was designed by Leon J. Avery of the American Mutual Liability Insurance Company. Bulletin Board Tells the Accident Facts This bulletin board is placed inside the employees entrance of the Acklin Stamping Company, Toledo, Ohio. On the board which is 3 feet high by S feet wide are two light sockets. The light on the right is green, and the one on the left is red. The base color of the board is black, the lettering a bright yellow, and the outside molding painted in aluminum. The board operates as follows: The green light remains on at all times until a lost-time accidents occurs, then the red light is turned on and remains on until the end of that month. The name of tire injured employee is placed on the board in red chalk, along with in formation pertaining to the length of time he lost, how the accident happened, the number of times the employee was injured, length of iris time of service, and the approximate cost of the acci dent. The last day of each month all names are erased and a fresh start is tirade. As soon as a man is injured, the re cording is made and employees im mediately secure the proper information about the accident. Gossip, rumors, and false statements are out of the picture when such a system is used, and it also carries a message of safety to all who read. It is placed so that persons ap plying for employment may see it, and know that in this plant action is taken to safeguard its workers. Since the inception of this board, ac cident costs have decreased approxi mately 50 per cent. Plant morale has been improved and the company is get ting prestige because of its improved accident rating. Life Lines Convenient for Crane Workmen In order that men working on cranes or crane runways always have a life line JANUARY, 1937 available the Continental Steel Corpora tion, Kokomo, Ind., mounts a box for storing them in a convenient location on each crane. The boxes are made of sheet metal, designed so that when thelid is dosed there is a protective stripalong the opening between the lid and the box to prevent water from gettinginside. As a further means of protect ing the rope, holes are drilled in thebottom of the box to allow water todrain out in case the lid is opened dur ing a rain. Strict orders are issued that the ropeis to be used for no other purpose than a life line, and the rope purposely is too' short to be used as a hand line. 30 Sapdi^ 9n^iJWjdtwrL QaJidA, Practical Information for the Man on the Job AFETY Instruction Cards are S published primarily for the in struction of workers in safe op- Cold chisel, cutter or punch head, proper shape for ,.--............................ 28 Compressed air--practical jokes ,.,,...,..291 Precautions in using hose .................,,=356 Couplings, link and pin ............................ . 46 erating methods. However, their dCisrane and hoist operators, advice to,,.... 58 tribution among foremen and operating Crane Signals ,,................................=.==,,...,........ a Cranes, locomotive steam driven) ....... ,295 executives is also advisable. These cards Crushed hands, avoiding ............................... 03 Cutting oils and compounds ....................304 present a wealth of practical informa tion in concise, readable form. New cards are issued each month, Die Setters ...==.====.=.350 Dog Bites, to avoid ,,..............................=...,,.175 Drill press operators ................... .............. . 37 and many of the previously issued cards Driving iong rods ......................................... . 21 Driving vehicles, attention to driving....209 are being revised and placed in stock. Members are invited to submit sugges Backing ..............-.................... ,,.===,.==,......198 Bad weather hints ................................. 279 Braking distances ....... 216 tions for new subjects or for the revision of cards previously published. Choosing routes ........................................... 251 Courtesy in driving ............. 275 Four basic driving rules ....... .................319 Miniature reproductions of 12 cards .added to the list during the current General suggestions ............... In plant yards ................ inspection bv driver .......... .....170 ....212 226 month are shown herewith. Other drivers* mistakes ...... _303 Parking .................................. 235 Following is a list of previously issued cards now carried in stock: Reaction Time .......... .....368 Right of way ,,........ ............................... ...... 346 Setting out flares .......... .,,..292 Subject So. Acid and caustic pipe lines, opening flanged joints ............ -.................... -............ Acid, sulphuric--handling1 ...........................1242 Acid Tanks, Repairing ..................................124 Cleaning out large tanks .....................293 Air hoist operation .......................... .........= 142 Ammonia burns, rescue ami firstaid..... 261 Aprons, protective .......... .............. .--............228 "Billy Sam Drives Out" ............... ...... ,,.,347 Skidding can be avoided ............. ........... 367 Speed control ............... 186 Stopping on highway at night ............260 Traffic hand signals ...... 385 What to do in case of accident =.........183 "Willie the Weaver*' ........... 386 Drums, handling ............................. .=..=.,.,44, 132 Dust explosions, preventive measures....239 Artificial respiration ......................................... 185 Asphalt Workers ............................. 226 Auto tires, inflation ...................... .....2us Axe, how to handle =..................................... .191 Electric Electric Electric Electric lamps, portable ........ .370 line work, safety lines 96 motors, starting ......................... 60 truck operation ..... ......300 'Babbitt, pouring ...... .,,,.139 Belt, to put on a pulley ,.............................. 8 Removing from pulley ............ 193 Belts and belt pulleys .......................^.,.....362 Bicycles .......................... .......................... .....A441 Black powder, handling ............................. .2364 Boiler gage glasses, replacing ............. A.103 Boilers, low water ................... ,,...... .........--339 Boxes and crates, shipping .......................200 Bricks, how to pile ..243 Broken glass, how to dispose of ...........244 Building wreckers ....................... 301 Electric wires, safe carrying capacity.... 13 Electricians ............ 128 Elevators, inspection and repair .=,......104 Operation =,......... 41 Freight elevator inspection ..................271 Sterilizing goggles ....................... 323 Excavation Workers ................ .,,=322 Explosives, storage ........... 118 Opening dynamite case 157 Preparing blast with cap and fuse ,.,.294 Explosive vapor, removing from drum..171 Extension cord, fastening plug to ......... 26 Eyes, care of ............... ....... ............~......... 113, 258 Cable Clamps 36 Camp fire hazards .......................... ............. ....348 Carbon .Monoxide, hints to drivers ........357 Carboys, safe handling ....................,,I95, 224 Carpenters ........................................................127 Carrying long materials onshoulders..,. 39 Eye protection, making guggles comfortable ....................... 162 Keeping goggle lenses clean _____ =,,.=,245 Falling objects ............ 163 Fails, general .................................... ..................161 Things to look out for ............ ...............185 Case hardening withcyanide ... ..................133 Chain links, hooks, eastings--detecting flaws in ............................................................. 3 Chain slings, safe loads ............................ 03 Determining need for annealing or normalizing ......__............. 207 Safety Instruction Cards are printed on white card stock, 3 by 5 Safe use of .......................... ........................,...151 Chemical laboratory practices ..............,,..207 Chemicals, prote-ction against ,-,.......42, 220 inches, slightly heavier than gov ernment postcards. In any quan Children and Traffic .................................. 327 Hazards to ...................... ...........................228 Toys and playthings ................... 259 Chlorine, safe practices ............................. ,245 tity the price is one cent per card (all of one kind or selection) with a minimum order of 25 cents. Containers ......... 355 Cleaning machine parts .................................. 1ST Cleaning with distillates .............. ...215 Clothing for machinists ,,,,........................... 230 The order should specify "Safe ty Instruction Cards," and give the For cold weather ...........................................269 For men ....................... HZ numbers of the cards selected. For women ........ 34 In the Home ..............................................--330 Falling without injury on icy ground ----------- ------------------------------------ ....269 Files .......................................... ................. --.,.^.174 Fire, to put out clothing ...-------------- 33 What to do in case of ..------......--=122 Fire extinguisher, soda acid ....... .......... -- 17 One-quart pump type --.===,=........ 18 Checking for winter ---........ ,,.^..-264 Fire fighting, electrical hazards ......=-=--247 Fire prevention, inspection check list--237 First Aid, acid and caustic burns ....-- 75 Artificial respiration ......... ............. ..........165 Burns ......... ............................................ ..... --^-.196 Carbon .Monoxide ....... ...... ................----115 Emergency stretchers .................... .,.._252 Fractures ................ --211 Frost bite ...... ......................... ............. Minor injuries ............................. .............--233 Nose bleed ............................... 229 Simple tourniquet ....... 73 Transporting a patient ,...~~173, 261, 273 Where to apply pressure to stop bleeding ................................... 149 Flammable liquids, storing .... .....226 Flash points ............................... =.,,..,=265 Fly wheels .............................................. Foot comfort ................ 316 Foundry, safe clothing for _____ ..309 Fumes, nitrous .......................... =.-.219 Fumigating with cyanides ...... ,,_,,,,,.217 Fuses, removing and replacing ........ ....274 Oarage mechanics _____________ 82 Gas leaks .............................................................. 180 Gas masks, identification of canisters....212 To test for air-tight fit _________,____ 97 Dare of (canister type) .....___________J>05 Gas welding--cylinders .......... 99 Gas and oil furnaces, lighting burners..l66 Gases, explosive ranges ............. ........290 Gasoline, precautions in using ............. _.231 Gasoline blow iorches .............. 76 Gasoline engines, cranking ..__ Gasoline Service Station, Housekeeping ................__............... 351 Fuel service cautions ........ =............ ..... 365 Glass tubing ................................................... --287 Going to and from work ................... ...... 158 Grinding wheels, to cheek peripheral speeds ......... 10 Grinding wheels, mounting on spindles,, 50 Flange dimensions _______ ..._.~69, 60, 81 Handling and storage ............. 286 Safe operation ..................... .......................... 102 Making ring test --........... _..108 Guards, use of ....................... ..................... .isn Punch press .--307 Hair, protection ............. 238 Hammer heads, fitting to handies 6 Hammer hints ....... ........-............ --.............. 31 Hand protection, discs for _____ ____ _ S3 Hand tools (See also saws) ........ ............ 5 Sharpening ........................... _192 Hand truck, two-wheel ......______ ,,12G Four-wheel push truck ....... ..156 Handling materials, warehouse and shipping room hazards ___ ..282 Carrying long and heavy pipe by hand ..................... ..................... ..................... 354 Health, general suggestions ......................141 Golds .................. .125 Headaches ......................... 152 Vacation hints ...........__........................._22i Heat exhaustion ..................................... -.57, 197 Home hazards ............... ......... ^............. ...... 129 Home outdoor hazards ....221 Dry Gleaning ........ 276 Fire dangers ......... .GJ49 Hooks, hand ,.......................... ...................,,,,..... 71 {Ptease turn to page 32,,l NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS MAINTENANCE and REPAIR MEN (Some General Suggeit(ans) 1. Mat* sure that th# operating head af th# department <n which you are to wort knows when end where th* wort is to be don*. . f 2. If you or* to work on any power driven mothin*. or other power equipment, make sure that it it locked, or otherwit* out of committion, end cannot he tet m motion without your per- 2M.minion, (See Safety Instruction Card No, 3. Wear snugly fitting clothing--no loos* ends-- about machinery; and always carry your gog gles--you may need them unexpectedly. 4. Us* only safe tools in good condition, 5. Bo especially coreful of electric shock hazards; use only portobt# electrical equipment which inspection shows to be in good condition. 4, Never work atone under conditions which you know to be estraordinariiy hazardous, I, Do not overload hoists, ropes, chains, scaffolds, ladders, or any other equipment or structure which you may us* to support loads. B. Before placing th* repaired equipment in service, see that all safeguards are in piace, and check to moke sure that everything els* it O.K, fifi) safety instruction card No. 79 D,c.. .m 31 THAWING FROZEN PIPES INSIDE BUILDINGS DAD fires or* sometimes caused when open Ramos w are employed to thaw fresen water or heating pipes uisid* tf buildings. If eambustibla materials are stored near tha pipes, the materials may catch Rra before it is realised that th* Ram* is hot enough to be dongeraut. (he sof* way under these circumstances it to us* hot water, 1, Wrap the fresen section af th* pip* with cloths and pour hot water open them until the ice iives way, 2. Harm to the floor may be avoided by catching th* water m buckets or long pant, or by cover ing th* fleer with heavy rags or rugs which witi absorb tha water. Never us* an open Rome (# thaw freten pipes inside af a bw4d,ng, |v*n though th* Rom* may not cause a fir*. .ti sudden tocaf heat on metai may cause th* pip# or pip* fittings t# break ana ed th* premises with water. ii j; SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. I 3 I .it, u.t im These are miniature reproductions YOUR GOOD HEALTH I LLNESS may often be avoided by following o few 1 common sens* suggestions, like th* following; 1. Clean your teeth thor oughly after each meal; hav* yaur dentist ex amine them twice a yoor. 2, loth* frequently, and f scrub oil over. 1. Wash your hands with soap before every meal; if working in dust or fumes, cleans* th* face and rinse out th* mouth also, 4, Eat slowly, chewing th* food thoroughly; eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. i. Drink several glasses of cool (not ieo cold) water batty; ovoid th* common drinking cup, i, Keep th* bowels open--at least on* bowel movement doily; if troubled with constipation, consult physician. Set plenty of sleep--so that you feel fit every morning. S: $!**p with windows open, but ovoid direct drafts, ?, Dress according to the weather and your job; keep th* feet dry. (0, Do not dope yourself with pills and powders, Frequent headaches are o sign that something it wrong--it may bo indigestion, eye strain, *erry, etc. Consult your physician for any continued disorder. II, Hav# a complete phyticial examination once year. (!?) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 141 Sensed Dec.. UH DRY CLEANING AT HOME CO MANY persons or* fatally burned or disfigured >* while cleaning garments at home that on* is justified in advising positively; "Don't do it" Garments may bo dry cleaned cheaply, on* for more effi ciently ot well os safely, by th* commercial dry cleaning establishments, for those who insist, hew. ever, on attempting this work ot homo; 1, Uso only a non-flammable fluid, (A can of cleaning fluid may be marked `nonexpletive" and stiit be FLAMMABLE.) 2, Keep the hands out of th# : ent by using i suction washer, 3, Do the cleaning outside of the house, where all toxie and other vapors wilt be quickly dis sipated, 4, Dry the garments outside of th* house also. 5, Keep the children and the pets away. 4v, Never, under ony circumstances, us* gasoline, naphtho, or kerosene for garment cleaning purposes. Even ,n removing small spots from garments, follow these suggestions. The importance af such rigid cor* when dry cleaning cannot b# over-emphasised. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 276 A GOOD SAWYER A tOQD sawyer performs hrt job so the safest ** sno most efficient manner. He it careful te avoid injury t# himteff and damage t# hr* machine. 1, He makes regular us* of at (he guards sup plied for any given job. 2, He uses a np-fu* for ripping only--never for eross-cutting. I, Ho makes uso af a push stick when sawing short or narrow stock. 4, He uses a stick or a truth ta keep smalt pieces away from th* taw--never his fingers, 5, When ripp.ng he wears a heavy protective apron, and stands out f th# fin* of stock being cut. to ovoid o pais.bte kickback, 4. Surplus stock, tools -end other objects on th* saw table or# removed without delay. If he mutt leave hit mei turns eS th* power and ws,ts by it until th# tow cornet to o fuS stop. alwoyt first S. He never attempts to oil, clean, or adjust the ma chine while it is running, T, He doesn't talk while he is sawing, ano he doesn't 4, want anyone t* talk ta ^ him. he knows that talk and saw.ng dent mix. (AFITY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 371 Actual size of cards 3x5 inches SOME AMMONIA HAZARDS AMMONIA under pressure, if released, may " cause painful and dangerous injuries. A small amount in a (moil space may moke hreothing difficult. 1: Never open a compressor cylinder or releoio pocking in th# stuffing box until tho cylinder has been pumped nut and o valve opened to th* outside air. 2, Do not stand in front of a cylinder head when com pressor is in operation. When opening valves con nected to a gag* gloss af ammonia equipment, protect your eyes and face, 4 'screw punnet ammonia valves, when being openea after being jammed shut, sometimes .;ame loose at th* bonnet. Be sure the stem is turning in the packing (not the whole bon net turn,ngj when opening such a valve. S, If you open so ammonia valve which discharges near by, stand by th* valve until necessary to close it again. If you should leave, a dangeraus concentration may be built up and you may not be able to return, ii: teorn how to give first aid for ammonia bums (See Safety Instruction Card No. 141.) r. Learn the prone pressure method of reiuseitet,on, (See Safety Instruction Card No. 145.) >*< SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 372 GAS AND ELECTRIC METER READERS Do not enter premises where there is a hororo contagious disease, noxious or irritating kioTcard No. 112.s1 dog. (See Safety Instruc- , Always ring th* bell or knock and announce your errand. Attend strictly to business --never "visit- or get into an argument , Use your flashlight in dark places to detect stumbling tf slipping hazordt. , Wait slowly down and up stairs' us* th* handrail; watch out for loose objects. , steps, and broken handrails, , Climbing on <heirt: tablet, botes, cabinet drawers and other makeshift supports it danger ous us# a ladder placed securely, . Avoid outside eeiiar doors; if you mutt enter them, broc# them with e dor stick or box which wid hold them upright. Never attempt to cross roofs from on* apart ment house to another1 descend to th# street ievel; use the sidewalks--never tramp across lawns. Observe all street traffic signs and s-gnols: erots only on th# cross-walk. Toko short coreM steps m tee or snow. Never write or read tickets while wotting, sr do anything else that can prevent you from being alert to trestle dangers. (jjy) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 373 JANUARY, 1937 RAILROAD SAFETY (Traci; and Eitfn Seng TimU-peri) f Do net alight from or boar* mo.mg trams, eng-net. or motor ears wait unt-t they com# t# z fuS stop, 2. Do not r-de engines or trams, including enj nes of wort trains, 1, Wan outside the tracts, where there win he no danger of being struck by moving trams, never walk between th# re.ks, 4 When necessary to cress tracts, step ever the reiit--never en them, ? 'Ah*# passmg men who or# working, keep su^icentiy clear te ovoid being struck by took or materials they may be handling, 6 Ffotcct vovr eyes with gaggles -hen m the i-ism.lv of eeimg metis-net men -ho or# spitmg ad ether hazards of firing materials sr ob.ects, 7 1 ook bath ways before stepping onto ony track g. Never crass tracks oheee af approaching cars, engines, or setf-prepeiicd machines, : Do not post -mmcaiateW behind standing con, engmes, or leif-pfopelled machines clear such ad mits by ot least 1% feet ana took eorefully far hoiardt en the far ther side, 9 Under no circumstances go between moving can Kf msvings cart and #n- gmes, fjJJ?/ SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 374 USE OF MANTRIPS (On Mine Trolley Haulageways} ;. iYe<t for the msntrip ot o designated station. 1. Do net get on or off she trip until th* cor itwst to a complete stop. i Rid* -nsirie the car one remain inside until the trip comet to complete stop; do not allow isur fingers, arms ar legs en the outside of the ear, 4 Remain seated us the mantnp end do not stond up until th# cor hot come to o stop, S. Do not get on or nff the trip en the trolley wire tide, one so not sit on the trottev wire side of the cur, At stations -here rules require that th* power be eut off ef th# trolley wire before loading or unloading, oo not get on or off the trip until the mon m charge gives the Signal. 7- Wear ?ur gaggles whit* riding m the mantr.p, 3, AH tools should b* placed m the tael car --never carried us th* tame car with you, EspieSives should never be corned an the montrip, /ai'li*. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 375 32 GASOLINE SERVICE STATION {Air and Wotor Survicej BEFORE giving itrvlc*. IF Iht cuztemef hat nat ihul ht* engine and let the bratei, aii Kim politely to Jo 10: Here ore oilier tuggcitient 1, When inflating tirei, keep the h*ed and face where the lender will protect you in cate ai a Ktow-eut: 2, Be eipeciotty careful when inflating giant true! tires. I. When changing tires, deflate the tire complete. !y before removing it from the wheel or rim, 4, Ute the proper (cab; avoid ttra>ns. if the tire ttich. tote time to loeten it carefully. 5, Do not permit children to pjoy w,lh the air hate: dltcourage coitomert from using it' give the service yourself. 6, When supplying water to e radiator stood be. tide the hood; ovoid standing >n front of the car, 7, When servicing a steaming radiator, protect your hands with a large rag, and loosen the cop slowly; allow the steam to escapo before removing cap entirety. S. It is dangerous to use a lighted match t# look in. to a radiator; it may contain alcohol or other flammable fumes. Never pour cold water . into a steoming radiator; _ this may crock the water' jacket af the motor. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 376 WHEN TIRES BLOW OUT KytOST persons, rightly, fear s blew.out when `v* traveling at high speed; particularly blow, out in front-wheel tiro. That <t why many drivers. vf buying only one pair of new tires, always put them an the frant wheels, ihreat care and tiiMful driving are necessary when blow,out eeevrt, You wir of cowrit, have a firm grip on tho wheel at eR times when driving, and "4 be alert asd ready for emergencies, If a blow,out occurs ion any wheel) what should you do? L Steer' Don't think of anything but steeringl l, `Alien you ora sure you have the cor under central, and then only, use your brakss--but use them with eoution. i. If the car <rts about * plied, sways badly, release the brakes at once: let the car rob farther, then apply the brakes again lightly. Sood tires ore goad in. surenco against blow-outs, If tires are old or weak, den t drive at escetsive speeds; end get new t^es. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 377 DRIVING AT NIGHT ("YO YOU drive much at night? On long trips. ^ after driving many hours by day, da you often say; `It's early, wo can make another 100 milts by midnight ?** Actually, at such a time, you decide that, a|. though tired you will drive into a land where the hazard of totality an the highway is doubled or trebled. Nearly two-thirds of all fatal traffic accidents occur between 4 P.M. and 4 A,M.; >#t traffic for thoso hours is enly one-third af tho 24-hour total. A large percentogo af these fatalities occur in the single hour from mid night to I A.M. Why do many drivers relax their caution on mid* night roods? For ana thing, they art often tired and sleepy. 5flit of them drive much faster because the stream of traffic has grown thinner. Many drivers are influenced by drink-inflamed minds. Others, sober enough, are almost blind at night You may b entirely efficient and careful; but yaw and your possengen will be far safer if you will do as little driving after nightfall as possible. (j SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 378 Safety Instruction Cards iOonMmici From page 30) Horse, a well designed .................................. _jj Horses, suggestions for handling ........ ! Horseplay --...................................... --................. Hours of danger ...........................*.........-G Housekeeping, inspection list .............. 39 Salvaging materials ............................... Ice slipping hazards tee tongs ................... Icicles ............................. Inattention ..................... Injured worker ....... . ,,107 .,236 ..121 -.177 ...310 Jacks, safe use oi ........................................ * 93 Janitors, sweepers and cleaners ,....,..,,..134 Kite dying ............................................................ * 40 Knives ........................ ............................................. Knot, underwriters ......................... ................ & Knuckle guards for trucks and wheelbarrows ......................... ............248 ..202Ladders, setting up ................................ ....... .. 16 Carrying ........................................................... Climbing ............................ .......... .. 51 Extension ,......................... ...... ...................... .,178 Maintenance .................................................. ..340 Step ladders ...................................... ............. ..262 Working from .........................-................- ..324 Lathes, all-purpose metal-working .... .. 89 Lead poisoning, protection ...................... ..116 Lifting-safe methods ......... ....................... .. 55 Linemen, care of leather equipment ..238 Protection against grounded wires,. ..352 Linemen's climbers, to sharpen ............. Live wires, to free person from ........... "lS9 Machine operators ............................. ...... ........ 306 Machine shop workers ........................ .........299 .Maintenance and repair (working on machinery) ............... ...................... ..................259 Maintenance and repair men ............. 79, 269 Safe Clothing ............. 253 Making safety suggestions .........................109 Manila rope .......................... .............................. 72 Care when not in use ............................... 14 Care of .......................... ...........................106, 203 Testing in the field .................... ,,,..,..,..221 Manila rope slings, safe loads .................. 47 Masons, brick ....................... -............................135 Stone ................................ ....220 Matches .............................................................. .iS2 Metal planer operators .............. -.......,,.296 Milling machine operators ........... 2-7 Monkey wrenches ......................... 204 Motormen and conductors .................... 4$ Nails, how to start ................. ....................... 153 New employees, helping ................... .101 Tips to ........ ...... .......... ......................................302 Office accident causes .................................... 77 Office hazards 2st Oil storage tanks, cleaning ......................... 70 Oilers, advice to .............. ................................. 74 oiling machinery ......... 147 Painters, brush--lead poisoning .......... 289 Pedestrian traffic safety ... .........................,,318 Pens and pencils ........... -.272 Personal safety check list ..........................181 Picks ........ a,............ .................... ........176 Piling materials, general ........................... ..140 Hags of cement ...... ............ ..........................249 In process near machines .................... --266 Pipe fitters ....... 215 Pipe lines, blanking oft ............... ............... 100 Pipe wrenches ......................... 188 Piping systems, identification of .......... 20 Plant yards, safety in ................................,.218 Pneumatic hammers and chisels ........... 52 Poison ivy =.-- ........................................ 30 Poison oak and poison sumac ......... . 64 Poles, dismantling defective ........ ..15, 169 Testing before climbing ............ ...232 Portable extension lamps -........ ...... . 67 Posture .............. Power hammers ...................... 90 217 Portable .363 Power press operators, advice to ........... 66 Power trucks, operation of ....................... 43 Practical jokes--compressed air ,,......291 Punch press guards ............... 307 Push tools for jointers and saws ........ .. 38 Railroad cars, unloading ......................... .,..342 Railroad Crossings .......... ,...328 Rescue work, broken ice ............... ............,258 Half rescue ............. 278 Resuscitation, see artificial respiration Roll scraper (for cleaning power- driven rolls) .................... ............ .......... 34 Rope, fibre--maintenance ......... ,,106 Kinks in ...... ....................................... ........ .....253 Cleaning ......... 360 Rope knots and hitches......200, 222, 246, 285 Rope hitches and slings ....................... I, 210 Rope, protecting from chemicals 62 Rope and block sizes ........ .................... ......... 88 Rowboats, general suggestions ................337 Rubber gloves, care of ..................... ..214 To test for leaks ............. ........................... 4 Safety committee chairmen ..... .296 Safety Committeeman .................. ,,...341 Safety inspection, unsafepractices =.,...325 Mechanical check list ...... ............ ...........,333 Sanitation and hygiene ...............,........,,-,..308 Saws, circular--don'ts ............. ................ 54 Operating speeds .................... 254 Saws, cross-cut---how to carry ................194 Hand, how to use ................ ........ ..........,255 Hand, how to start .............................. ...123 Swing, cut-off ...................... M3 Scaffold planks, identifying ........... 32 Safe loads for ........ ....................... ..........,.,120 How to test ................................................... 15 Scaffolds, suspended ................... 7$ Swinging 334 Scissors and shears ....................................... 240 tferew driver ................ 257 Screw machines, hand ........................ ____ 344 Sheaths for sharp pointed tools .... ._.184 Shoes, safety ....._____ --....................... Shoring Skidding trenches ------ ------------cylindrical objects --........... .........167 ...... 11 Slings, angles and capacity .......-- ___ 24 Sling chain Snakebites ho-o...k..s............................................._.._,,1_62S01r Soldering ................................. Spiders, "black widow" ------- --------.........~........... ____ 164 ,.,,250 Spray coating, general precautions Prevention of fires ............................. ..ZZhi Stacking cylindrical objects ...............__ 7 Stacking pipe and round bars ...... ........ 114 Stairways, ramps and fixed ladders ____ 37 Stairways, how to use ____ 146 Step ladders ......................... ____ 262 Storerooms and stockrooms ............. ___ _180 Suggestions, safety, making ........... ........ 109 Summer camp safety ..... --....----- _____320 Sunburn .............................................------- _.199 Sunstroke .................................... ---..... -- 56 Swimming .............. .............--.. -380 Tackle, lifting capacity of (wooden shell blocks with manila rope) 61, 69, 86 Lifting capacity of (steel shell blocks with wire rope) ..................86, 95 Tank cars, loading flammable liquids.... 80 Opening dome covers - ........................... 1.2 Unloading acids ............................. 94 Unloading flammableliquids ,,...^......105 Ten commandments of safety 366 "That tired feeling" ,,,,----- ----- , ----- ---168 Thawing frozen pipes . ...131 Timbers, setting in mines -.................... ... 27 Toolkeepers ............. ..^...,^.136 Tools, portable electric .............. ........91 Electric hand ......................... ~343 Garden tools ....... 314 Traffic hand signals .................................~~~.335 Tree felling .............................................. Tree trimming ___ .ra,.205 Warning signs, colors to use ......... ........112 Location .................... ..^.160 Style of lettering ......................... .......19 Watchmen, suggestions for ..................... . 35 Water, life saving ............. ...................... ......223 Weights of materials, dry materials .,,~.138 Liquids ........ ..................................................__21S Welding, electric arc __ __________ ___ 68 Wheelbarrow, how to handle ..................~187 Wind force ...................... ............ .............. ........ 270 Window cleaning, safety belts ................ 92 Prom ladders ............................. ,,,110 Window glass, currying ________________ ,,,155 Wire rope, lubrication ........................ 98 Putting on a seizing ................ 263 Safe Loads, vertical slings ....................263 Uncoiling and unreeling ...................... 49 When to discard .......................... _19 Women shop workers ................................. ,332 Working beneath a ear ........................ - 25 Worry ...........M........................................ ....... .. U3 Wrenches, use of ....... ............ ...... _111 Track wrenches, use of ____________ ___ 311 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS S3 This seal denotes ac ceptance ol Mercurochrome by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the Amer ican Medical Associa tion. Preventing errors is an important job in industry. Even slight mistakes are sometimes costly. So it is with injuries; a minor wound if ignored may lead to serious infection. The first step in preventing infection is to report all injuries promptly, because delay increases risk. Prompt thorough cleansing and application of an effective antiseptic is the first defense. Mercurochrome is especially useful in first aid work, because application is not painful, with the re sult that injuries are usually reported more promptly. Mercurochrome is non-irritating and exerts bacteri cidal and bacteriostatic action in wounds. Mercurochrome should be used in the first aid care of all minor wounds; in more serious cases, a doctor should be called. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC. BALTIMORE . j [^|) > MARYLAND JANUARY, 1937 34 QnduAihmL df&alUv A Department for Physicians and Laymen Aft er the Injury The problem is not only to return the man to work but to get him back in the best possible status By N. E. ECKELBERRY, M.D. Surgeon in Charge. Medical Dept., Consolidated Edison Co., Inc., and Affiliated Companies, New York lUtu HE best method of getting a man tion of disability in an attempt to gain Tback to work is to prevent his in jury. However, until we reach sympathy to substitute for the thwarted normal response. The idea of revenge that Utopia, the problem of gettingtothweard the employee who dropped the injured back to work is an important brick on the injured's head may be con and serious one. verted into revenge against the employ The problem is not only to return the er. and an attempt to make the employer man to work but to get him back in the pay as much as possible. best possible status. The question Again, the element of fear is ever should not be "how soon did you get him present. Without commenting upon the back?" but "how well did you get him efficiency of the procedure, much of our back?" Have you given him the best safety work has been taught bv the use possible opportunity for the pursuit of of "fear psychology." We even see it happiness, gainful employment and eco used in our advertising. This, together nomic independence? with the present trend of popularizing Before any method can be devised, medical literature for lay consumption, there must be a thorough understanding has developed a fear of possible conse of the problem. There is an apparent or quences of an injury or disease in the dormant reaction of resentment in the individual which cannot be overesti majority of the injured. This resent mated in its influence on the well-being ment may be against the driver who of the person. struck him with his automobile, or against the fellow workman who let a The Work Habit brick fall on his head. It may be a re sentment against the injured's own clum The past four or five years have ac siness or carelessness. centuated a fear of economic insecurity A normal emotional response to this which is very real. The fear of a man resentment is to seek revenge. If the that he will not be able to return to his man can tell the automobile driver or job and continue to support his family the fellow workman what he thinks of after he has been injured, is fully as him. possibly punch him in the nose, important a factor in his disability as the satisfaction is obtained and a normal broken leg. In this same connection the emotional balance results. Unfortunate fear of subsequent incapacity makes him ly our society does not countenance such cautious in resuming employment and an outlet. early settlement of his claim. This fear Furthermore, when the injured man of economic insecurity, coupled with un himself is at fault, he has the problem certainty as to the iegai status in the of finding someone else to blame. Con case, may prolong recovery indefinitely. sequently this desire for revenge, this Most of us are fundamentally lazy, attempt to balance the emotional reac and the desire to work is largely a healthy tion, many times is productive of per habit developed as the result of environ verted emotional response, such as an ment and necessity. The inactivity asso exaggeration of symptoms and prolonga ciated with the treatment of many in juries may destroy or diminish this healthy work habit. Management and treatment of the in jured individual should be directed to avoid or minimize these factors which impede the recovery and diminish the possibility of complete rehabilitation. The resentment of the injured individual should not be aggravated. When a man has just had his foot crushed by a passing truck, that is not the time to remind him that he should have been more careful. It is not the time to harangue the employee about breaking a no-accident record when he is regaining consciousness after the brick has hit him on the head. The man who is experiencing the pain of a crushed hand is not in a receptive mood to be disciplined because he failed to follow the safety rules in the operation of the machine. Despite the importance of ac curate details of how the accident oc curred, the man lying in the hospital being prepared for a blood transfusion should not be subjected to a third degree examination. This holds just as true for the man who has received a so-called trivial injury. Fear of the consequence of the injury is one of the easiest difficulties to over come. The solution is to furnish every injured individual the maximum of medical care, particularly diagnostic procedures, as soon after the accident as condition permits. This is particularly true in the so-called minor injuries which obviously are the group where fear and uncertainty play the most important role. It is particularly true in head and back injuries. Hundreds of head injur ies occur each year which, anatomic ally, are of no consequence; but the fear of the possible extent many times con verts these minor cases into total per manent disabilities. Far better results are obtained by hospitalization, x-rays and the exhaustion of best medical facil ities in proving to the individual, during the first two or three days, that his in jury is not severe and that he will com pletely recover. With this assurance the patient is usu- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 35 APPROVED By U. S. BUREAU OF MINES (No. B. M. 2111) rile uhove illustration show* the l.iVPQR No, Ih S. Bureau tif Mines Approved Respirator with fitter pacts and newly approved Face Cloth in place. Note how snugly it fits the fare and does not interfere with clear vision. Fight SILICOSIS With Cover's New, Approved R ES P I R ATOR The DUPOR Respirator No. 24 provides needed protection against Type A or Pneumoconiosis (SILICOSIS) producing dusts. Exhaustive tests have proved its inestimable value to those who must brave the hazardous dusts characteristic in many phases of industry. U. S. Bureau of Mines Approval on Comfortable Face Cloth, Too! To add to the comfort of every DUPOR Respirator, a Face Cloth is necessary. It absorbs the friction between Respirator and Face, eliminating all sign of dis comfort and possible soreness so common to most respirator wearers. So unusual in design is this Face Cloth that it too has received U. S. Bureau of Mines Ap proval, as well as the approval of users everywhere! Revolutionary, new' construction has eliminated screw cap lids for filter aper tures. Making possible easy passage of filtered air between plate extrusions to protected opening and then to interior of respirator. Safety of construction is the main feature with marginal edge of filter plate curved inwardly forming a secure anchor for filter pads, preventing ail leakage. Con struction is such that filter pads can be quickly removed for replacement or cleaning. Filter pads measure 4% inches in diameter giving a clear entrance filter aperture of over 24 square inches. Here are just a few reasons for Industry's Approval: 1. Large Filter Area, securing (a) Easy Breathing (b) High Efficiency. 2. COMFORT. 3. Light Weight, only 4 Ounces (with out pads). 4. Good, clear, unobstructed vision. 5* Compact. Easily fits the pocket. 6. Audibility and Drainage. I, Practically no dead air space. 5. Low cost-long life. The price of the DUPOR Respirator No. 24 complete with two extra filter pads is $27.00 per dozen. Sample Sent Postpaid for $2.25 The new DUPOR needs only to be tried to convince you of its superiority. Money refunded if not as represented! Send for your sample NOW! Order Your Approved Respirator--TO DAY! Sample Sent Postpaid--Mail Coupon Today *kvhe above illustration shows the No. DVPOR Respirator with fitter pads re moved. Note the plate extru sions and the very small amount of dead air space. Basic Patent No. 2,000,064. Detail Patents Pending and Allowed. Latest Patent Granted Dec. 22, 1936. No. 2,065,304. JANUARY. 1937 CHIFPEWA-A, SOUTH BEND, IND., U. S. A. H. S. COVER, South Bend, Indiana Dear Sir: SAMPLEOFFER COUPON Please rush me your SAMPLE OFFER (postpaid). 1 enclose $2.25 to cover cost. (j Please rush me one dozen DUPOR Respirators No. 24, for which I enclose check for $27.00. f Name .Address-- f City State. r_l 36 ally anxious to get out of the hospital and back to work. Too often the injury is treated lightly and then, because of persistence of complaints, chiefly due to the uncertainty in the patient's mind at the end of a week or two or even a month, hospitalization, x-rays and diag nostic studies are made. Even though they confirm the triviality of the injury, the patient has lost confidence and is usually afraid to leave the hospital. His natural question is: "If x-rays were necessary a month after the acci dent, why were they not necessary im mediately after the accident?" Prompt Diagnosis This practice of investigating thoroughly the full extent of the injury by the best diagnostic method at once after the accident not only goes far to reassure the injured, but is also good practice of medicine. Many of these ac cidents happen so suddenly and under such abnormal conditions that it is dif ficult to evaluate their extent by the clinical signs during the first 24 hours. In an early competent diagnosis in one of these so-called trivial injuries the ex pense of the large number of seemingly unnecessary x-rays or other laboratory examinations is well justified. Whenever possible, the exact status, from a legal or responsibility standpoint, should be established on the day of the accident and the injured informed as to his legal status and who mil bear the expense. This will do a great deal to obviate the fear of economic insecurity, which is such a large factor where the question is held in abeyance and the in jured is forced to learn by his own meth ods what compensation he is entitled to. If there is controversy, it pays to obtain expert opinion as to causal relation with in the first week after the accident, rather than two years later when the same experts may have to be employed, when they would find it difficult to form an accurate opinion, and when the in jured man is discouraged and embittered because of the long litigation. There are some situations where legal responsibility cannot be determined dur ing the first week. In this small group of cases it is far better for those subject to liability to arrange for the best of care and obtain expert opinion at once and argue about responsibility later. From the standpoint of those subject to ques tionable liability, half of their battle is won if they have avoided permanent disability by prompt and adequate medical care. It is far better to ques tion the medical expense of a man who is recovered and returned to work than it is to question the responsibility of the maintenance of a man who is permanent ly disabled as a result of delayed care and poor management. Again the physician should be frank with the injured in informing him of his future capacity to earn a living. It is futile to attempt to make a man who has had his leg amputated above the knee believe he will be just as good as he was before. Nothing can be gained by as suming that the loss of a hand will not interfere with a man's old job at the bench. In cases where a permanent de fect or partial disability is obvious, re habilitation should begin the day of the accident. From the beginning of the treatment the individual should be studied, ob served and prepared for some occupa tion commensurate with his subsequent physical condition. If this is done, very often by the time the injured is out of the hospital he has become reconciled to a different program and a new field of endeavor. On the other hand, there are injuries which probably to the average layman appear to be permanently dis abling, but which we know from experi ence eventually result in no disability whatever. In this group, reassurance, pa tience and gradual realization that he will recover completely must be devel oped in the patient's mind at the outset. Light Work One of the greatest aids in rehabilita tion is the opportunity for the workman to resume work of a lighter character than his usual job and gradually ap proach the work he enjoyed prior to the accident. This aid applies to the major ity of traumatic cases. It accomplishes many ends from a purely medical stand point. The best type of physiotherapy we can give at a certain stage in the treatment is the normal muscular ac tivity which the injured experiences in work particularly selected for his con dition. Furthermore, this gradual ap proach to his usual occupation event ually gives the injured man confidence in himself and is a sure way of dispelling the fear of permanent incapacity. In post-operative cases the opportun ity to do work of a lighter nature is al most imperative if one wishes to obtain the best results. I refer particularly to that large group, the hernia cases. The time that the workman can return to heavy work after operative repair of a hernia varies with different authorities, but we all agree that it is poor practice to keep a workman idle for three or four months and on the first day he returns have him resume heavy manual labor. This unnecessary idleness produces slug gishness, constipation and flabbiness of the very tissues which we have sought to repair. An early return to light muscu lar activity maintains tone of these tis sues and keeps the workman in good physical condition until he is able to re sume heavy work. When Rest Is Needed I am not advocating light work as a method of cutting down lost time; on the contrary I am afraid there is a ten dency to return traumatic cases to work too early. Such comparatively insigni ficant injuries as sprained ankles or con tused toes usually require a definite period of absolute rest if the best ulti mate results are to be obtained. By keeping fractured toe cases from work ing during the period that the soft tissue damage is apparent and muscle spasm present the period of partial disability is greatly diminished, and there are far fewer permanent defects when the cases come up for final adjustment. Permitting light work when the in jured is sufficiently recovered helps maintain the healthy work habit. Even though his duties are small, his pro duction of little consequence, at least he is disciplining himself to the require ments of regular hours and the associa tion with his working companions. This diminishes the opportunity for brooding and self pity. In cases where prolonged convales cence is required before the injured can be referred even to light duty it is ad visable, if possible, to change environ ment, send the convalescent to the coun try, let him visit his aunt in Maine or Pennsylvania. In so doing he has not developed the habit of sleeping until noon, of annoying his family and they annoying him. When he does return to his home environment, he will naturally fall into his old habits, reporting to the job at a certain time and again experi encing the pleasure of returning home at the end of the day and being greeted as a responsible member of his household. I consider this maintenance of the work habit so important that visits to the doc tor or clinic should be made in the morning rather than late in the after noon. The variation in individuals, accident situations and types of injury makes an (Please turn to page 70) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 37 mwmmm--mw^m **& smrei&& if iFateawsr aadsufasa sM&femtgg" MHW IB35 1 TELLS HOW TO IMPROVE WORK STANDARDS AND CUT PRODUCTION COSTS ALL THROUGH PLANT Here is a book every executive ought to read and pass along to his electrical maintenance engineer or chief electrician. To management, it gives a new insight into the breadth and scope of modern industrial lighting. To the operating executive, it provides the complete work ing data for up-to-date plant lighting. Written in easy-to-understand, non-technicai language, the book outlines 30 specific lighting problems and gives a complete statement of how Benjamin Illuminat ing Engineers have solved each of them. A study of these problems will reveal how surprising improvements both in general and supplementary lighting often can be made at negligible cost; how easily lighting can be fitted to each plant operation with amazing improve ment in work standards and lower production costs. With the data contained in the Manual the operating executive can easily and quickly select the proper light ing to meet the "seeing requirements" of practically any operation. Typical of the subjects covered are ... "How to secure good general lighting from the side where obstructions or building construction precludes the use of overhead reflectors" . . . "How to light spray booths ... stock room aisles ... drafting boards ... signs ... outdoor material storage dumps"... "How to assure getting rated life from lamps exposed to shocks" . . . "How to protect reflectors from loss of light output in dusty, dirty locations" . . . "How to light polished and non-poiished parts for accurate inspection" . . . "How to check your present overhead lighting with the most modern approved standards", etc., etc. This Manual is intended to be used as a basis for a complete CHECKUP of your plant lighting. The edition is limited-- so may we suggest that you send for your copy today. LIGHTING EQUIPMENT Distributed Exclusively through Electrical Wholesalers - iSBSPECTED ftOSBEAi tjfr M* .................. .......... ..... n vJuv-'Vv J<`" L ;; ,s > J " >`l* 1 j.'r .., . * Mi Jv, * JANUARY, 1937 38 Bromine Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 21 A. Problem 1. What are the hazards of bromine and what precautions should be taken in its use? B. Hazards 2. The principal hazards are those of fire, because of the oxidizing effect when in contact with organic material, poison ing by inhalation of the gas, and deep burns by contact of the chemical with the flesh. C. Discussion 3. Bromine is a dark reddish brown liquid with an extremely disagreeable odor.- It is obtained chiefly by electrol ysis front "bittern," the mother liquor of the salt industry. Bromine is slightly soluble in water and very soluble in alco hol, ether, chloroform, and carbon bi sulphide. At ordinary' temperatures it gives off a poisonous, suffocating, brown gas which affects the mucous membrane in a manner similar to chlorine fumes. It attacks the skin in a violent manner, causing sores which heal very slowly. 4. Bromine is used in the liquid state or in the form of a gas as a disinfectant; in laboratories as an oxidizer: in gold and platinum metallurgy' for extraction and purification: in the manufacture of bromides, coal tar dyes, explosives, medicine and asphyxiating gases: in photography; and in the preparation of Prussian blue, tetraethyl lead, perman ganate of potash and other chemical compounds. 5. The Interstate Commerce Commis sion "Regulations for the Transporta tion by Rail of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles in Freight, Express and Baggage Services" classify bromine as a corrosive liquid and specify that it must be packed as follows: fa) In wooden boxes, specification 15A or 15B, with glass inside containers not over 6'A pounds (one quart) each, or with stone or earthenware jugs not over one gallon each;, or in lead-lined mc-tai barrels ur drums, specifi cation 3A, not over 5 gallons each. (b) The vacant space above the liquid for inside containers must be not less than 15 pet cent of rapacity of container; inside containers must be dosed by glass, earthenware, or stone stoppers, ground to fit and securely fastened. (c) Inside containers must be securely cush ioned cm ail sides with incombustible packing material such as whiting, mineral wool, or sifted ashes, at least one inch thick, which will not product- heat when mixed witli bromine. Hay, sawdust, excelsior or other organic ma terial, either treated or untreated, must not be used. (d ) Not more than 15 quarts of bromine in butties, or more than 12 quarts in jugs may be packed in one box. Symptoms of Poisoning 6. Bromine on the skin causes a feeling of heat, a yellowish brown stain and more or less pronounced irritation which often results in eruptions and sometimes causes ulcers which are painful, deep, and difficult to heal. When swallowed, bromine exerts a corrosive action throughout the alimentary canal which causes intense pain and may result in death. The gas irritates and inflames the membrane of the eyes. Inhalation of the gas results in an extremely painful irrita tion of the respiratory passages which may become so seriously inflammed that bronchitis or broncho-pneumonia may follow. 7. In table A is shown the physiological response to various concentrations'of bromine gas. The data contained there in have been complied from work done by the National Fire Protection Asso ciation Committee on Gases. First Aid 3. I f a person has swallowed bromine, an emetic should be immediately given to induce vomiting. Starch is an anti dote and may be given in the form of a boiled solution. Such a solution should ire kept on hand for use in case of emerg ency. Any bromine spilled on the skin should be washed off promptly with soap and warm water. If the victim has in haled the gas. he should at once be re- T.VBLE A Ph\-iologiral Response to Various Concentrations of Bromine Gas Per Cent by iotume of Bromine 0.1 0.001 to 0.000 0.0001 0.000 i Physiological Response Kills, most animals in a very short time. Dangerous in 30 to 00 minutes. Maximum amount for 60 minutes without serious disturbances. Blight symptoms of poison ing after several hours and more than is safe for pro longed exposure. moved to the open air and if conscious, allowed to inhale the fumes from a cloth moistened with grain alcohol. If the vic tim is unconscious and not breathing, the prone pressure method of resuscita tion should be begun without delay, and should continue until breathing is re stored. or rigor mortis sets in. Irf all cases of bromine poisoning the services of a physician should be promptly ob tained. Precautions 9. Operations in which bromine is used should be carried on in a well ventilated room and the gas removed at its point of origin by an efficient exhaust system, f See Note \V.) it). Persons working with bromine should wear non-ventilated rubber frame goggles and a gas mask or other suitable protective respiratory equipment. (See 'jjotes X, and- Y.) JSll. Where, a container of bromine is broken and the bromine spilled in a room or other dosed area, the floor and work surfaces should be flushed and washed with water. The enclosure should also be well aired before operations are re sumed. i2. Bottles of bromine should be stored in an isolated place, free from lia bility of breakage and possible contact with organic material. 14. Workers with respiratory disturb ances should not be assigned to work with bromine. 15. Physical examinations of bromine workers should be made at regular inter vals. (See Note Z.) Non; W. Detailed information on ventilation ,-oni exhaust systems will la* i'uumi in National Safety Council Safe Practices Pamphlets N - -. "ijxhaust Systems" ami No. :'.7. "Imtustriai Ventilation." Nutt: X, Detailed information an suitable goggics will tie found in National Safety CiHineit Sate Practices Pamphlet No. 14, "tiogRles." Norn V, Detailed information on gas masks and other suitable respiratory equipment will tie found in National Safety Council Safe Practices Pamphlet No. lit, "Respirators. Gas Musks, Hose Masks, and breathing Apparatus." Note Information on physical examina tions will be found in National Safety Council llcuilh Practices Pamphlet No, 2 `'Physical Ex- audnntions in Industry." National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS nouncird____ The FirstAWo/SafetyTjuibmevtIssue Mqrch 1937 A real service is il store for readers of NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. Be' >n the lookout for the March copy which will bring you a up-to-the-minute reference guide on all modem equipm it to promote industrial health, safety and efficiency, This Annual Safety Equipment issue has been planned to help you make\an appraisal of the mechanical side of your safety program and to provide a suggested formula for keeping your operations mechanically safe. Safety Equipment wiffi rule the March issue of NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. The entire content will be focused on creating a safer environment for safer oper ating practices. Editorially this issue will tell where and what kind of equipment should be used, followed by a detailed catalog of reliable products. The Buyers' Service will be erMarged to include more complete listings of products. Thistissue will effectively replace the old Buyers' Guide and aVew number will be brought out annually through th\ March issue of NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. For your protection, only products which the National Safety Council believes will fulfill the claims made for them are accepted in anv issue ofMSIATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. Use the NEWS as yourVuide in the selection of all products, service and equipment to pro mote health, safety and efficiency and you will inake sure of securing the most dependable merchandise\on the market. Keep this March reference volume of Safety always at hand. You will want extra copies so please let us hay your orders before this Safety Equipment Issue goes on' the press. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS JJvl Bulbdhv fiaaJvcL-------- -- A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety Conducted by STAN KERSHAW Better to carry an uiith SaFety than be carried oFF by . Accident . m jamaajas MUST we KEEP SAY/NC SO MUCH ABOUT SAFETY ? SOMEPEOPLE DON'T YET REALIZE THATACCIDENT PREVENTION IS GOOD FOR ALL OF US--- NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL iiiai \iOOD SAFETY RECORD Accident NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL \ 1 s, !>, hl j i sh; , >, i^f> ,* ftfcVDROYfSY? sMUL EXHAUST CAS } IT MAY BE DEADLY CARBON MONOXIDE OPEN//. WINDOWS ATIONA t v; A t f. T v c o ii N C* ^//S' s ^ * M'. V'Vj^V' . HE THOUGHT Hi WAS SAFE IT PAYS TP MAKS SURE Low IlLout "~=^ a safetu committee m ijour own home cy iiw `vf# - lflgSr:*r ' OR t it WAX NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 'jnjNfrratjp^ h* ycTjP^|ji.f M AT IONAL SAFETY COUNCIL "!I5lTOTir 'X"iTn ih VlhiMMli' j j-S* Ij.i * Lfr s ,-|i 1 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL imp------- --~wn uiTiml m a 1 CAUSES OF INJURY IN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS: HANDLING OBJECTS !7%r< 3 VEHtClfS FALL* -% *tht1UH 4HM1U2AH%CiNHl ilIu*NnuEfRiwiYitM j. I v-a ikA ALLING B.LCTS i%l ** J riM1 OH 1 SXdthfMMptOMbM r -I , I fi J t| rfl } ! ,-J 1 *1 I STRIKING AGAINST l-l t r i 4i n A i 'pf:'-;. : 1. 'It.1* j|j|ijBjj|j NAi a rf'. > u N ( it lull ( olnr l*nr &s I'mti'r) **>***& BRANDED NATIONAL S A f E T Y COUNCIL 'jmrl|||pl|ppii||| ^= COLDS come when resistance is low / get extra sleep and rest when you're tired % `'iW f . *./ wyh .JLm...... ii ,, , jifilip HteHn*,, , , liili III! m ms KEEP ELECTRIC CORDS tn SAFE CONDITION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL zUtiti: It isn't always the other fellow who gets caught under a falling roof IIS! PROPS fj ATI <:> N nty c o u n e it foots , MAY BE 5TANDINC 5TILL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL nwhi- i, uni' 1 " SAFETY Three men working on repairs Three padlocks on the switch Do You i *ct the idea'r fi TI O N A 1 It is the duty oF every man to protect himselF and those associated with him from accidents which fl. ,may result In injury or death OUR SAFETY RECORD FOR THIS MONTH- SUN. MON. TUE. WED. THU. FRI. SAT. > you wouldn't ^ DO THIS -Y`VwiF ' MM' FOR THIS THE. DATE IN BLACK INDICATES A NO-ACCIDENT DAY. THE DATE IN RED INDICATES AN ACCIDENT DAY. S A f t T V (" O U N G I 1. NATIONAL S A F t r T COUNCIL. mssm. liSili j \ &> ,'< I. \jtrii*\ir vn> 'I r NEVER POUR BENZINE OR GASOLINE: ,, ] INTO WASTE OR THIS MAY HAPPEN vj , WHEN (W REFUSE IS BEING BURNED^Y~^^i,> t- V <t C U N C ' L i^AoKCH RULE! ROftfN ? RUNGX RO BON EX u ne ii ('W'l, f tv ja41 i'-tsSl'H TM 1% i-^W \jMS >BB>d.>J '"I.i.JbibI fi ,,)1J li A.. 'Bti- iht\u uvn m *>. SAUMANKIIS Qm. DEADLY CARBON ' MONOXIDE KEEP FIT by KiEPING CII4N \X USE PLENTY of SOAP WATER and CLEAN TOWELS >i a t i o n a t <; * r r t v L$ -H TAKE NO CHANCES: ii ifyoudontknow i&f the safe way asktheman Mxi^bodoesr X- ' ! Irfrti . U I" Mrnmiiimmssmm ISN T HOW WELL YOU DROVE LAST YEAR OR LAST MONTH irs HOW SAFELY YOD DRIVE TO-DAY THAT COUNTS national 48 Safety Serves on Public Works By W. O. WHEARY Director of Safety, Works Progress Administration Energetic measures have brought down the accident rates on WPA projects gram, ranging from extremely hazardous building demolition and tunnei blasting to less hazardous road repair and park improvement, there was good reason for on many projects the day they were opened. This emergency was met by calling upon the accumulated experience gained serious concern over the hazards in during the past twenty years in private volved. The need for a definite safety N NOVEMBER, 1933, when the policy and the practical means to make I Federal Government undertook quickly to put four million idle per it effective became apparent immediate ly, as serious accidents started to occur sons to work at gainful pursuits on thou industry. Codes established by safety authorities and public agencies were care fully adapted, or new instructions were drafted, to combat the various hazards sands of local projects throughout the country, there was much concern in the minds of those who were familiar with LOST TIME INJURIES accident prevention. JULY I , 1935 to JULY 31,1936 This vast program called for the hur ried preparation of suitable engineering projects and the placement of workers at the rate of hundreds of thousands HANDLING OBJECTS 2 6-1 each day. To many young persons with dependents the government was offering the first chance they had ever had to be HAND TOOLS gainfully employed. Naturally, most of these were totally inexperienced for the work to which they were being assigned. On the other hand, much of the ability PALIS Of PERSONS i6 7 gained from past experience by the older workers had been lost through long en forced idleness. There were many more feVI fAILING OBJECTS t0 3 who were physically unfit for hard work by all standards of labor selection, but who were otherwise entitled to consid eration in this gigantic drive to provide STEPPING, STRIKING AGAINST OBJECTS jobs. Others had developed certain men tal attitudes under the strain of adver sity, which were expected to add to the VEHICLES normal hazards incident to their new em ployment. Considering the wide variety of oper ations to be conducted under the pro- POISONS .CORROSIVE 5UBSTANCES ( IVII, WORKS ADMINISTRATION Aovember, 193ft to April, J934 (1,102,503,Oftti Mnii-bourK Worked) Fatalities ..................... . ............ 75 Lost-time Injuries ... Fatality Frequency . Lost-time Frequency ..................4M00 ................ 0,31 ................ 40,2 EMERGENCY RELIEF ADM IXISTRATIOX April, 1934 to July, 1935 <1,083,014,502 Man-hours Worked) Fatalities ......................................,,.............. . 2<16 Lost-time Injuries ..................... 43,320 Fatality Frequency ............................ 0,26 Lost-time Frequency ................................ 40.0 WORKS I'ROGKKSS ADMINISTRATION July, 1935 to July, 1930* (2,382,092,250 Man-hours Worked) Fatalities ........................................................ 459 Lost-time Injuries ....................... Fatality Frequency ...................... 51.406 0.19 Lost-time Frequency ...........-................... - 21.6 *!>#U Kor Later I'eriod .Not Y*? fomnHed MACHINERY ELECTRICITY,FIRE. HOT SUBSTANCES All OTHER ACCIDENTS 100%= 51,406 INJURIES hi NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS <19 PtAA. &A***t*"; -firSJ <C>' y*,/'**- C<e<K. >' --- i&*o4j`y~$*~py (fjfl Sottw*rx.a**-*c..;-/' 4^2.1^ *$<' &.* X 4Us"&. f&iZ, OU* /*' S.A fy'art** A l,/- aj,,. m:jf -'A'l<i'/ At) j'-yyv^fyf- f h ICcck' $*/"$**/ ' "'T' q%ht aa.- a'K" .. , 4- ~U~*^ ~3 P**1 d,s>tl ^r .i,, A,** afr^frw- - This `* JLhat's a real letter--written by a real Kathryn--to her brother. You can read her happiness in every line. She's mighty glad to have the telephone back. And so are a great many other men and women these days. About 850,000 new tele phones have been installed in the past year. That means more than just having a telephone within reach. It means keeping the family circle unbroken--con tacts with people -- gaiety, sol ace, friendship. It means greater comfort, security; quick aid in emergency. Whether it be the grand house on the hill or the cottage in the valley, there's more happiness for everybody when there's a telephone in the home. JANUARY. 1937 The Bell System employs more men and women than any other business organization in the United States. The total is now close to 300,000. Good business for the telephone company is a sign of good business throughout the country. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM T%s#' 50 drafted to combat tbe. various hazards to which relief workers were being ex posed. Personnel trained in industrial and insurance safety and experts from the ranks of safety organizations and public safety bureaus were attracted into the service of a nation-wide decentral ized organization to promote safety. The experience gained during this period was used to advantage in devel oping the accident prevention program of the Emergency Relief Adminis tration which followed. The safety or ganization that had done such effective work in each state under the Civil Works Administration was. in nearly every in stance, reestablished intact under the Emergency Relief Administration and charged with a similar responsibility. Codes and safety regulations were re vised where necessary to meet rapidly changing conditions. Workers were be coming more adapted to their employ ment and safety was generally recog nized as a guiding principle in the con duct of projects. Under these conditions it was to be expected that the accident frequency would more nearly correspond to that in private industry. The remarkable safety record of the Emergency Relief Administration can be credited largely to the cooperation of such public-spir ited organizations as the National Safe ty Council and to the active interest of local Administrators and other officials FATALITIES JULY I , 1935 to JULY 31.1936 t VEHICLES FAILING OBJECTS I FAILS OF PERSONS charged with the safe conduct of this program in the states. An executive order signed by the President on May 20, 1935, prescribing rules and regulations relating to wages, hours of work, and conditions of em ployment under the Works Progress. Administration, provided in part that: (a) No person under the age of sixteen {16 * years, and no one whose age or physical condition is such as to make his em ployment dangerous to his health or safety or to the health and safety of others, may be employed on any work project. This paragraph shall not be construed to operate against the emploiment of physically handicapped persons, otherwise employable, where such persons may be safely assigned to work which they can ably perform. if) All work projects shall be conducted in accordance with safe working conditions, .'and!: every effort shall be made for the prevention of accidents. Up-to-date codes and safety instruc tions relating to every conceivable t.vpe of occupational hazard are made avail able to engineers, supervisors, fortnen and others responsible for safety on projects. Some of the standards studied and used as a basis for safe practices include: National Safety Council Safe Practices:: pam- : phlets State Laws American Standards for Safety in the Con-1 struction Industry (AlO-1934) (Associated General Contractors Manual) American Standard Safety Code for the jCbn-t struction. Care, and Use of Ladders i Al4- EXPLOSIVES HANDLING OBJECTS Tj--| ELECTRICITY, FIRE, HOT SUBSTANCES >* {} HAND TOOLS @1 MACHINERY STEPPING, STRIKING AGAINST OBJECTS 1.3 - _ POISONS. CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES Q4 ^ i-il ALL OTHER ACCIDENTS 100% = 450 FATALITIES American Standard Safety Code for Automd-;; bile Brakes and Brake Testing (D4-1Q2 ') American Standard National Electrical Code (Cl-1935) American Standards for Prevention of Dust Explosions American Standard Code for Irlcntihcation of Gas-Mask Canisters (K13-1930) American Standards for Industrial Sanitation (24.1-1935, 24,2-1935, Z4.3-1935) American Standard Safety Code for Floor and Wall Openings, Railings, and Toe Boards (A12-1932) Code for Head and Bye Protection Revision of the codes and safety in structions to conform with the develop ment of new methods and experience is provided through the Federal Director of Safety in Washington. All project proposals are carefully re viewed for safety provisions before they are finally approved. The hazards in volved in any undertaking are thereby anticipated and arrangements are made in advance to secure the materials and appliances necessary to safeguard the workers and assure the most efficient op eration of ihe project. Sponsors are fully instructed in their responsibility for the safety of workers (Please turn to page 8o) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS `TABLOID' "* FIRST-AID 51 The Foremost Unit Type System KITS AND REFILLS FOR EVERY REQUIREMENT Let us have details of the branch of the industry in which you are operating, number of men employed, and other pertinent data. Specific recommendations for First Aid equipment to meet your individual requirements will be fur nished promptly on request Write for full particulars and quotations Burroughs Wellcome & Co i'lU-.B.lItfAfiS 9 & 11 East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: CU.S.A.) INC. London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan JANUARY, 1937 N. S. N. Please send me latest descriptive literature regarding `Tabloid' First-Aid. Firm Name, Address _____ ___________ Individual's Name. Official Capacity__ 52 Compensation for Silicosis Involves Knotty Problems By THEODORE C. WATERS Mutlikin, Stockbridge S: Waters, HaUimore, Md. Some agency other than the courts of law should be established to determine the liability of employers for occupational diseases RIOR to the adoption of the work cidental injuries, that is. those injuries P men's compensation acts by our several state legislatures, an em which occurred at a specific place, at a certain time, and which could be ascer ployee injured in the course of his etmained and determined coincidentally ployment could only recover from his with the infliction of the injury. employer for those injuries which could Forty-six states and the District of be attributed to the negligence of his Columbia have enacted workmen's com employer. pensation acts. Arkansas and Missis While liable for his own negligence, sippi alone not having such acts at the the employer was not liable for the dan present time. Compensation acts which gers of the employment, a risk that was exclude compensation for occupational assumed by the employee. The contrib diseases, either expressly or by judicial utory negligence of the employee and interpretation, have been enacted in 32 the negligence of his own fellow servants states. Fourteen states and the District were similarly available as defenses to of Columbia have (a) Workmen's com the employer. Therefore, in cases in pensation acts which include compensa volving industrial disputes, as a result tion for occupational diseases, either ex of this legal status, employees resorted pressly or by judicial interpretation, or to actions at common law to obtain com ( b ) specific occupational disease acts. pensation for injuries based upon the alleged negligence of the employer. Common Law Liability The main purpose of the workmen's compensation acts enacted by state legis latures was to make the remedy granted thereby the exclusive remedy for injuries suffered by employees during the course of their employment. These acts stripped the employer of his common law defenses, including: With respect to those courts holding that the workmen's compensation acts do not provide an exclusive remedy to an employee, whereby the employee re tains his common law right of action for injuries sustained by him in the course of his employment, such ruling is based substantially upon the reason that I. Failure to prove the employer's negli gence. 2. Assumption of risk by the employer. 3. Contributory negligence of the employee and negligence of his fellow servants. workmen's compensation acts were de signed primarily to compensate for trau matic injuries; therefore they replace the employer's common law liability solely for those injuries sustained bv ac In other words, the compensation acts cidental means. made the employers insurers of their With respect to those personal injur pioyees against accidental injuries. ies sustained by other means, as for ex On the other hand, the compensation acts ample. silicosis, which is not compens deprived the employee of his right of able under the compensation acts, the common law action for accidental in employee still retains his common law juries sustained by him in the course of right of action therefor, based upon the his employment. We must bear in mind, negligence of his employer. however, that the workmen's compensa With respect to those courts holding tion acts did not purport to cover occu that the Workmen's Compensation acts pational disease injuries, but solely ac do provide exclusive remedy, such ruling is based primarily upon the language of the act and the further ruling that an employee had no common law right of action for occupational disease injury. The usual form of declaration con tains allegations that the defendant manufacturer caused the plaintiff to work in an atmosphere where silica dust existed; that the defendant knew or should have known that certain mate rials used by the defendant employer contained harmful or dangerous agen cies of silica which were destructive to life and health: that the defendant was guilty of negligence in failing to warn the plaintiff of the danger and in failing to provide the plaintiff with a safe place in which to work or safe appliances with which to work; that thereby the silica became introduced into the plaintiff's lungs and body, causing him permanent injury. The defense pleadings set up the de fense of assumption of risk by the plain tiff, the plaintiff's contributory negli gence, the negligence of the plaintiff's fellow servants and a general denial of the allegations of negligence as charged by the plaintiff. It is needless for me to emphasize the seriousness of this type of litigation. Class is arrayed against class. The local press in those places where the .cases are tried will carry sensational headlines, describing the terror of the disease and emphasizing each complaint against the manufacturer. Suits are filed, not singly, but by the dozens. The whole commun ity becomes aroused, with the attendant industrial chaos, and by the time trial day arrives, every citizen is so preju diced against the defendant that it is al most impossible to procure an impartial trial. Legislation Needed The ultimate solution of the problem of compensation for silicosis must be found in some type of legislation that will remove this dispute from the field of common lawsuits. In the same way that workmen's compensation acts elim- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 53 MACWHYTE SLINGS HUG THE LOAD! New Construction Speeds Loading-- Increases Safety --Cuts Materials Handling Costs. Macwhyte Braided Slings are Flexible and Non-Kinking Because Macwhyte Slings hug the load, they prevent slippage and in crease safety. The multiple-part body does not damage the load. It spreads on cor ners so that from four to six ropes are in contact -with the load. The multiple-part body is non kinking, gives maximum flexibility, is light in weight, and safe beyond comparison. Moormen, Superintendents, Safety Engineers, tell us they are the best slings they have ever used. Send for descriptive folders or ask to have a Macwhyte representative call. Special Design. An order of Macwhyte Braided Slings fitted withCrescentThimbles. Macwhyte Slings are custom-built to meet yournecds. Available in manyspecial designs. MACWHYTE COMPANY Kenosha, Wisconsin Specializing in the manufacture of wire rope and custom-built wire rope slings. Distributors throughout the U. S. Loop in a braided body ... pulls down under tension On the Job. Macwhyte Braided Slings are seen here handling sheet packs. On this work, the Superintendents report 6 to 10 rimes better service with Macwhyte Slings. JANUARY, 1937 ... andstraightens out. Theflexible braided bodyof'Macwhyte Slings throwsout the loop --- and in this way resists kinking. MACWHYTE BRAIDED WIRE ROPE SLINGS (PATENTED) ACS NO. 297 54 inated such actions for accidental in juries, some legislation must be devised to eliminate such actions for occupa tional disease injuries. The honest employer desires to pro vide compensation for those injuries oc curring to his employees as a result of the industrial processes in which the employee is engaged and which are pe culiar thereto. The honest employee similarly desires compensation only when he has suffered actual injury. To attempt any detailed discussion of silicosis and preventive and compensa tory legislation therefor would consume far more time than is available. How ever. there are certain basic principles to which I desire to call your attention. In the first place, the nation-wide publicity that has been .given to this problem has served a fortunate purpose in molding public opinion to eliminate such diseases from industry so far as engineering control is capable of doing so. As citizens, we recognize the fact that industry should provide for its em ployees a safe place in which to work, and accept this obligation imposed upon us by law. In the second place, the problem it self is one that calls for the coopera tive effort of both capital and labor. There are certain industrial processes wherein the hazard of silicosis exists, and today there are available mechan ical improvements to eliminate or con trol this hazard. Upon capital rests the burden of installing such mechanical equipment as will minimize the hazard. An affirmative duty of constant care is imposed upon industry to perfect its mechanical improvements for control. However, for their part, those who labor must be educated in the ways and means of protection, to carry out the principles of good housekeeping, and utilize pro tective appliances that may be offered for their protection. If employers and employees alike rec ognize and discharge these duties, effec tive results should be obtained in mini mizing the hazard and controlling dis eases. Again, with respect to compen satory legislation, occupational disease compensation should not be permitted to become health insurance. Upon in dustry should be imposed only those costs which compensate injuries that are peculiar to the particular industries in which the employees are engaged. Form of Silicosis Compensation Acts For many who have given but super ficial thought to this problem, it has been somewhat easy to say that compensa tion for silicosis injuries should take sim ilar form to that for accidental injuries. Such thought fails to recognize the es sential differences between the two types of injuries--that accidents occur at a specific time, at a specific place, in a specific way, under a specific employer, while silicosis and other occupational disease injuries are the result of the ac cumulation of injurious substances over an extended period of time in different types of employment and even under different employers. We have seen that in considering the national development of compensation acts, their original design was to cover only accidental injuries; in form and in methods of administration they were not designed to cover occupational dis eases. It may be true that certain occu pational diseases have characteristics strikingly similar to traumatic injuries--- such as anthrax and lead poisoning, where the disease develops immediately after exposure and development of the disease is rapid--and become dis abling, fatal or cured within a limited period of time. A Different Problem On the other hand, there are certain forms of occupational diseases, for ex ample. silicosis, where the injuries sus tained represent the accumulation of in jurious substances over an extended period of time and disablement may fol low exposure to hazards under succes sive employers. Therefore, in considering legislation for occupational diseases, we must recog nize the fact that the problem is, of necessity, different from the accidental injury problem and that the administra tive provisions of such legislation must be designed especially to handle this particular problem. I am not a professional critic of Work men's Compensation Laws, but one thing is certain, none of them is perfect. Some of their provisions are perhaps un just. either to the employer or the em ployee and, certainly, in the administra tion of these provisions, the human ele ment may give rise to certain inequities. However, these acts were the result of the need of transferring the disputes aris ing between employer and employee to some State agency whereby they might be settled, other than provided by our courts of law. From niv own observation of silicosis litigation. I believe that from the stand point of the employer, the employee, and the public, some agency other than our courts of law should be established to determine the liability of employers for occupational disease injuries sustained by their employees. I have mentioned the possible in equities that have existed under our compensation acts and in the adminis tration of their provisions. However, I believe that any attempt to repeal those compensation acts would meet with the combined resistance of employer and employee. Neither interest would desire to transfer back to our courts adminis tering common law, the question of the legal liability of employers for accidental injuries sustained by employees in the course of their employment. Serving Social Needs Therefore, in view of the past admin istration of our compensation laws, un satisfactory to certain interests as they may have been, it is not unreasonable to hope that intelligent occupational dis ease legislation may similarly meet with the approval of employer and employee alike. Furthermore, it is reasonable to hope that such legislation may eliminate the possibility of expensive litigation that may arise and serve the social needs of all parties concerned. The statutes providing compensation, for silicosis injuries that have been here tofore adopted in several of the states.. vary both as to form and as to provisions for their administration. In my judg ment. uniformity of legislation is not only impossible, but distinctly inadvis able. Industrial conditions vary greatly in the different sections of the country and what may be the answer to the prob lem in New York may not be the an swer to the problem in California. Any legislation must be suitable to the par ticular working conditions in the par ticular state in which it is to be applic able. Frank recognition of this fact will eliminate unnecessary contention. Again, some of our friends who pur port to speak for labor have been advo cates of the so-called "all-inclusive" oc cupational disease acts. In my judg ment. the "all-inclusive" occupational disease acts tend inevitably to health insurance and enable the Department charged with the administration thereof to award compensation for all the human ills that may occur to employees in the course of employment. Another phase of the problem of sili cosis compensation legislation is that of accrued liability. In most instances (Please turn to page 62) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 55 Ha matter wkat tke y&hddiclt More accurate diagnosis, more certain prognosis, shorter disability time, lessened burden---it matters little what the yardstick might be, the final result is the same, in any event, the routine use of x-ray in the industrial clinic has fully proved its practical value--proved it in the accumulated experience of more than a hundred plants using Westinghouse X-Ray equipment. We particularly suggest that you let us give you some facts about the Fluoradex, the compact, complete diagnostic unit, for its many models cover so wide a range of capacity and usefulness that it is indeed ideally suited to industrial requirements --from first aid room to the large hospital. JANUARY, 1937 X-Ray* C&., 1m. jCany Istahd City, H. If*. 56 States Plan Stricter North Dakota--The present law does not provide for examination nor re newal. The movement for a standard law is supported by the Highway Com missioner. Driver Control Many states with inadequate drivers' license laws are studying the enactment of standard laws in 1937 HOULD any one. be permitted to Arkansas--The Congress of Parents S drive an automobile, or should every and Teachers, which met recently, motorist be required to have a license adopted a resolution supporting a driv --issued only upon examination anders' license law. subject to suspension or revocation for Colorado--improvements in the bad driving? This question looms larger in the pub lic safety picture this year than ever be fore. present law, to strengthen the examina tion provision, are being urged by the motor vehicle administrator, the state highway commission, and the Rocky Mountain Motorists, a motor club. The year 1935 brought an all-time District of Columbia--A standard record for motor vehicle fatalities. The law is in effect, but the administrators 1936 toll bids fair to be equally appall are seeking a method for more positive ing. identification of licensees. Determined to help curtail the Florida--A standard law is backed slaughter on the highways, interested by the State Chamber of Commerce, the groups in a number of states are cam P.T.A. .Rotary Clubs and similar groups. paigning for the passage of standard The attorney general is now drafting a driver's license laws or for the revision proposed bill. of existing state laws to bring them up Georgia--The junior Chamber of to standard. Commerce, through the Georgia Civic Legislatures meet this year in 43 Safety Association, is leading a cam states, and at least 23 of these states paign for a law. have either no driver's license law or a measure that is sub-standard. With public interest in such laws increasing rapidly, it is possible that some sort of drivers' license legislation will be in troduced in even' state not already hav ing a standard law. The drivers' license campaigns are in full accord with the National Safety Council's Five Year Plan to reduce motor vehicle fatalities 35 per cent or more by the end of 1940. Field repre sentatives of the Council and public safety staff members are cooperating with safety groups in the interested states. High lights of current state activi ties are as follows: Alabama--The Alabama legislature is in special session, and there is a possi bility that the present law may be Illinois--The Governor has asked the State Highway Department to draft a drivers' license law. Indiana--The Governor's Committee on Public Safety is working on a stronger law. Kansas--The Kansas Safety Council and the .American Legion have been urg ing a standard law. The Legislative Council is drafting bills to this effect. Maine--A movement to strengthen the present law has been initiated by the Maine Highway Safety Campaign. Legislation is being drafted. Michigan--The State Safety Council is urging legislation providing for a thorough examination of applicants. Minnesota--The present law does not provide for examination. The Min nesota Public Safety Committee is seek ing an amendment. amended. Missouri--The Governor's State Arizona--The executive committee Highway Safety Committee is drafting of the state safety council has decided to a law said to be standard. sponsor legislation providing for annual New Mexico--No law at present. renewal and to have vehicle registration State Police and the State Highway De handled by the motor vehicle division partment are studying the standard law, rather than by county assessors. and it may be introduced at this session. Oklahoma--Governor E. W. Marland. in his message to the Legislature, asked that a drivers' license law be con sidered. South Carolina--The service clubs of Florence. S. C., are planning a state-wide safety meeting in that city on January 11 to study a state traffic safety law and to suggest improvements. South Dakota--There is a possibil ity that a standard law will be enacted at the current session. Tennessee--The vigorous campaign for a standard law, now being carried on, is being supported by the governorelect. It is backed by the State Planning Board and the Governor's Committee for Law. Texas--The State Safety Council is working to have the present law brought up to standard. The Governor has ap pointed a committee on street and. high way traffic to study needed legislation and make recommendations. Washington--A new bill has been drafted making more specific the exam ination provisions of the present stand ard law. Wisconsin---The legislative commit tee of the state Safety Council is working to have the present law brought up to standard at the present session. Wyoming--It is expected that a standard law will be adopted at the present session. Motorist's Prayer Grant me a steady hand and watchful eye. that no man shall be hurt when I pass by. Thou gavest life, and I pray no act of mine may take away or mar that gift of Thine. Shelter those, dear Lord, who bear me company from the evils of fire and all calamity. Teach me to use mv car for others' need, nor miss through love of speed The beauties of Thy world: that thus I may with iov and courtesy go on my way--The N. Y. Times. It Wasn't a Woman Driver Startled when a mouse appeared on the steering wheel, a motorist in Con necticut lost control of his car and cradl ed through a fence. The shaken motor ists went on their way when the damage had been repaired. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 57 GONEaFOREVER because he didn't know FIRST AID A finger, an arm, a limb--yes, even a life may be saved if--when emergency arises-- SOMEBODY knows what to do; or what not to do. The National Safety Council has just issued a new series of seven attractive leaflets, each dealing with one most important First Aid subject. The. information in these leaflets is funda mental-practical pointers about such tilings as shock, burns, poisoning, bruises; how to stop bleeding, to treat sun-stroke and heat stroke, broken bones; how to give artificial respiration, etc. Certainly priceless knowl edge--when we are brought face to face with emergency. A sample set and guantity price list gladly sent on reguest. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Inc., 20 N. Wacker Dr., CHICAGO 58 THE SAFETY LIBRARY By MARY M. WELLS LIBRARIAN, N. S. C. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Safe Driving "Let's Be Skillful." A publication of the Aetna Casualty & Surety Company, Hartford, Conn. Pamphlet. Free. Written primarily as a moider of attitude to make skillful driving "fash ionable," this 13-page pamphlet presents in an attractive way what the skillful driver knows and does. Tts eight para graphs deal with driver attention, knowl edge and obedience of natural and man made laws, anticipation of the other fel low's negligence, speed, attitude as to what is good "performance" courtesy and thoughtfulness. In addition, several pages of illustra tions are included to show bad driving and walking practices in urban and rural areas. These show hazardous locations of cars and pedestrians and the hazard ous practices are explained. Four pages are devoted to the driver on city streets, four pages to the driver in rural areas, and one each to the pedestrian in dtv and rural areas. The pamphlet should be valuable for use in high schools in working out spe cial projects, since there is an oppor tunity for the student to dig out the essential points and list them. The text material will also be of value in helping mold attitude. --Donald S. Berry Vocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation and Work men's Compensation. By Dr. Carl Noreross. Published by the Rehabilitation Clinic. 28 E. 21st St., New York City. 1936. Price $5. (Book) There is little or no therapeutic benefit in cash settlements paid to injured work men who have traumatic neuroses, ac cording to an investigation made recent ly by Carl Noreross, Ph. D., of the Re habilitation Division of the New York State Department of Education. The published report is a follow-up study of 322 workmen's compensation cases in New York which were closed by a lump-sum settlement of SI.000 or more. It has been generally accepted in both medical and workmen's compensation circles, says the report, that a cash award would help cure a neurosis. "In vestigation made a year or more after the settlements has convinced us that the value of a cash award is overrated." writes the author. "It is the settlement of the case, the actual ending of the litigation, which is of value. Whether the final compensation award is paid in one lump or extended through a number of installments makes little difference to the claimant's condition." Dr. Noreross makes recommendations for improving the handling of neurotic cases in the workmen's compensation rooms. The average neurotic case is open in the workmen's compensation di vision for nearly three and one-half years, he says, and much of the delay is unnecessary. Plant Temperature Warmth and Cum tort at Work. By Dr. T, Bedford, Industrial Health Research Board. London, England. Copies of this re port may be obtained from The British Library of Information. 270 Madison Ave.. New York City. Price 65c. A report giving the results of a physio logical study of heating and ventilation of industrial plants, made by Dr. Bed ford. The report is concerned only with the study of conditions producing com fort and discomfort, and it does not come within its scope to offer suggestions as to the methods of heating and ventila tion. Five important conclusions emerge from this publication: 1. A suitable degree of warmth should be maintained. 2. Air should not be much warmer at head level than near the Hoot, and the head should not be exposed to excessive mdiant heat. 2, The air should be moving rather than still, and variable in its rate of movement, but there should be no local draft. 4, Walls should be warmer than the air. 5, The fresh air supply should be sufficient to keep the room free from odours. W. Dean Keefer. Public Safety Police Administration and Police Science. A bibliocraphv of police administra tion and police science. By Sarah Greer, with a preface by Bruce Smith, Published by the In stitute of Public Administration. Columbia University, New York City. 1936. Price S i AO. t Book). Miss Greer's bibliography, while world-wide in its scope, includes a larger number of American works on police ad ministration than any of its predecessors. With respect to certain phases of police science. American sources are still over shadowed in number and importance by those produced in European institutesand laboratories. Since many such de velopments are universal in their appli cation and usefulness, the studies which describe them have been included here in liberal number. Emphasis upon American problems^ and the American viewpoint is thereby made to serve the special needs and pur poses of American police students, with out regard for geography or national boundaries. In order, however, that this bibliography may have a general use, and for the greater convenience of its users wherever they may reside, geo graphical and national divisions have been freely employed as a secondary classification. Traffic Regulation How Traffic Regulation May Ur Im proved in Town and Country. By Wil liam Phelps Enu. Published by Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Regulation Inc., Paugatuek. Conn. Price $1.00 (Pamphlet) This pamphlet is issued as a supple ment to "Simplification of Highway Traffic." a pamphlet which was pub lished by the Eno Foundation for High way Traffic Regulation Inc., in.1929. It is divided into two parts, the first on "partial synopsis of work done" and the- second on "partial list of work to be done." The former is a briefly stated list of tiie accomplishments in traffic regula tion and control and some of the publica tions on the subject. The second part discusses the work to he done at some what greater length. Part II refers by chapter number to the book on "Simplification of High way Traffic" and supplements the dis cussion there by treatment of new devel opments. Earl J. Reeder. Labor Legislation Administrative Labor Legislation. A Study of American Experience in the Delega- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 Stonehouse Signs Provide Definite, Timely Warnings Occupational accident fatalities for the first eight months of 1936 are estimated at 11,700 or 7 per cent above 1935. Falls of persons and injuries caused by falling objects account for one-third of all compensated occupational accidents.' Use Stonehouse Accident Prevention Steel Signs to reduce the frequency of your falling accidents. Many pertinent signs carried in stock for immediate shipment. For quality, dependability and service insist on Stonehouse Accident Prevention Steel Signs. National Safety Council, Inc. There5* a Stonehouse Accident Prevention Stock Sign to meet practically all indus trial requirements. Send for Catalog No. 4. ,fSince 1863" SIGNS. INC. Manufacturers 842 Larimer St., Denver, Colo. ACCIDENT PREVENTION Steef SIGNS IN STANDARD COLORS AND DESIGNS SANITARY-COMFORTABLE-PRACTICAL Here is the most practical shield ever proproduced. Its TURRET-TyPE rivetless facepiece, formed from one seamless, heavygauge, fibre sheet, eliminates all possibility of electric shock through the shield--permits easy, complete sterilization and cleaning-- and insures exceptionally long life with maxi mum economy .... its unique lens holder, made from a special oil-resisting rubber com C. H. DOCKSON CO., 2885 E. I ound highly resistant to flying sparks and iot metal particles, reduces breakage and allows for instant changing of clear cover glass without removing colored glass .... and its new, instantly-adjustable, headgear really fits all heads and its fitted with a new detachable head pad that affords maximum comfort. Available in helmet and handshield types. GRAND BLVD., DETROIT, MICH I JANUARY, 1937 60 lion of Legislative Power. By John B. Andrews. Published by Harper & Bros., ip F.. 3 3rd Street, New York City, 1936. Price $2.50. (Book). Mines and Mining Annual Report of the Safetv in Mines Research Board iIncluding a Report of Mat ters Dealt with by the Health Advisory Com mittee of Great Britain). 1933. Copies may be obtained from the British Library of Informa tion, 270 Madison Ave., New York City. Price 65c. f Pamphlet ). Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation of the Physically Handicapped, Published by the U, S, Office of Hducation, 1936. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Washington. D. C, Price 15c. (Pamphlet) (Vocational Hducation Bulletin No. 190 ). mixed cramp and exhaustion case. Clin ical data, laboratory findings, diagnosis, therapy, and the clinical course of the disease are reported. Planing Machines Safety in the Use of Planing Machines. By H. j. Scbolte. In International Labour Office. industrial Safety Surrey, SeptemberOctober, 1936, p. 121-1.32. Traffic The ")0" Campaign in St. Lours. By Reyburn Hoffman. In American City, Decem ber. 1936, p. 51-52. The regulation of motor vehicle speed in St. Louis to 30 miles an hour was em phasized. SAFETY Here's a job that calls for nerves of steel--working on a fifty foot pole--pulling up on a heavy line. In equipment, too, there can be no compromise with quality. Linemen, and those responsible for the safety of linemen, know that the Klein circle on their safety straps and belts, come-alongs, spurs and pliers, sleeve twisters, furnaces and torches, is more than just a trademark it spells SAFETY! Only Klein equipment possesses Klein quality. Distributed through Jobbers The four pamphlets listed below will be sent without charge toanyoneinterested. Check the ones you want. Q Safely tor the Polo Climber. _^ O Specifications on Linemen's Bells and Safetv Straps. The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods. D Pocket Tool Guide. nKLEINi 3200_Belmont_Ayenue, Chicago, Illinois Respiratory Protection Some Problems of Respiratory Protec tion in the Petroleum Industry, With Suggestions for Their solution. By G. M. Kintz and H, C. Fowler. Published by the U, S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C,, 1936. Free. Mimeographed. (1. C 6915) Writings dealing with dusts and other extraneous air-borne material peculiar to the petroleum industry are relatively few. Accordingly this paper deals main ly with hazards of this type and makes some suggestions regarding protection against them. Dusts PERIODICALS Design of Exhaust Hoods for DustControl Systems. By T. Hatch. In Journal of industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Nov ember, 1936, p. 595-603. Some simple rules of procedure and elementary equations for calculating the desired rate of air flow are given, al though the experimental determination of the latter under actual working condi tions is recommended as the most satis factory means of establishing the neces sary capacity of the exhaust system. The Elector Dust and Smoke Meter. Bv S. C,, Blacktin. In journal of industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. November 19)6. p. 583-594. Health Hazards Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. By Carl K, Drinker. In journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. November, 1936. p. 637.650, Heat Disease: A Clinical and Labora tory Study, By Marlin W. Heilman and Edward S. Montgomery. In journal of indus trial Hygiene and Toxicology, November. 1936. p. 651-667. This is the individual summarization of thirteen heat disease cases, selected as the most severe clinical forms of heat disease from a total of 184 cases studied. Six of these are heat cramp cases, three are heat retention cases, and one is a CbksucL cuuL CbiAwsAcjci STEVEDORING Question: What procedure wuuld you sug gest to improve the accident experience of a large stevedoring concern with a high accident frequency and severity? Answer: The control of accidents on steve doring operations has always been difficult. Probably most accidents are attributable to verv ordinary causes. For instance, there are always a number of fails of workers who trip over objects left lying about, a condition which just ordinary good housekeeping would pre vent. Objects ana materials should be ar ranged in piles, and the piles should be built up carefully, limited in height and properly blocked when necessary. Because of the limited space available in many places, this is not as simple as it sounds. Cuts, bruises, strains, sprains and fractured bones are common forms of injury, and ade quate first aid on the job is always considered a necessity. Lack of experience in handling heavy objects is frequently responsible for ruptures and strains, and while proper training is the leal answer, large labor turnover is often found a handicap to safety engineers. Intelligent supervision is always necessary on a stevedoring job. Probably the best answer to your problem will be found t'n a thorough analysis of your accidents. Proper investigation of these mis haps would show very clearly the outstanding unsafe practices and unsafe conditions causing the poor experience. Booklets listing safety rules for stevedores and longshoremen are available in the Nation al Safety Council Bureau of Information. STREET LIGHT GUARDS Question: We have had occasional cases where a youngster let a street light down on a corner by unhooking the lamp chain and let ting it drop, in one or two cases passing auto mobiles have struck the light before anyone noticed it was down. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 'to correct this situation we have discussed the feasibility of placing a ring and lock on the end of the chain, making it impossible to lower the lamp except by using a company key. Some of our people are opposed to this prac tice, however. Is there any other solution to this problem.' Answer: Most utilities favor the ring and lock plan, although even with this additional safeguard there have been cases where tire lock has been broken and the lamps let down as before. One company places the ring and lock high er than usual on the pole, so the children can not reach it without a great deal of trouble. In this case the lamp tender employs a longer ladder than usual. The Bureau of Safety favors locking the chain, although their experience has been that not more than ten or 12 reports are received in a single year in which the ordinary installation is tampered with. -MRVICI/ EAST NEW YORK E, D. Bullard Company 1775 Broadway and W. S, Wilson Carp. (23 Wick St. PITTSBURGH Safety First Supply Go. Brady Bulldlnt PHILADELPHIA J. A. Hunt Co. 2031 Sansomo St. BRAINTREE. MASS. Direct Sales Co. IDS President Road SOUTH CHATTANOOGA G. D Genter Company 2(09 Broad St. Everythinq in Safety First Aid NEWS/ All Bullard Unit! Kits Now WEATHERPROOF! 61 Correspondence MID-WEST DETROIT C. H, Oockson Company 2885 E. Grand Blvd. AUGUST KAEMS CHICAGO E. D Bullard Company 215 South Loavitt St Detroit. Mich.--It is with regret that I read of the passing of our honorable August i. Kaems who passed away on October 23, I remember many years ago when Mr. Kaems first brought his die samples to our National Safety Congress and explained his method of keeping fingers from between the dies and while getting the work in and out efficiently. I believe no other man has done as much as Mr. Kaems to eliminate accidents to oper ators of punch presses. While he may not have a monument erected in honor of his deeds, he will certainly be remembered in the minds of safety engineers who have been inspired and assisted because of his wholesome safety ac tivities. It is indeed with regret that we say "Goodbye.'' R. A. Shaw. Safety Engineer, \iurr.n Corporation of Amenta, GREEN BAY, W1S. Safety Service Company 108 No. Quincy St. DULUTH W. P. & R. S. Mars Go. 324 W. Mlchiiart St. HOUSTON E. D. Bullard Company i Main Street WEST SAN FRANCISCO E. D. Bullard Company 275 Elihth Street LOS ANGELES E. 0. Bullard Company 1229 South Olive St. SALT LAKE CITY E. 0. Bullard Company 1120 Yalccrtit Avenue SEATTLE Sundfeit Equipment Co. 3315 First Ave., South 0 Weather - strip rubber tubing built into cover now SEALS contents against rain, dust and every outside element. First aid packets always GLEAN and DRY. 0 Weather-strip tubing prevents cover rust ing on, causes cover to "spring" open in stantly when snap-locks arc released. No more sticking. Side walls are lower so that first aid packets can be grasped more easily and quickly removed. No more fumbling. 0 Sizes, weight and prices have not been in creased. Nearest Bullard office has sample waiting for you. Call them today! This Salesman Was A Real Safety Man BULLARD RECENTLY a six-year-old girl came to a service station with a two- I , . ------I quart glass fruit, jar and asked the at tendant to fill it with gasoline, according HEAT PROOF------ PUNCTURE PROOF to the Accident Prevention Bulletin of the American Petroleum Institute. She Wooden Soles <* stated that mother wanted to dean a For adequate foot protection there is no substi dress. The service station salesman did tute far Reece "PERFECT ROCKER" Wooden not sell the gasoline. He called on the .Sole Shoes. child's mother and explained that his company did not wish to sell gasoline for SOLES--that are safe under the most extreme conditions. cleaning purposes and explained the pos sibility of the child breaking the glass STEEL TOES--that are high, roomy and fully tested. jar and receiving severe cuts from the Write for catalog No. 1. broken glass, also the risk of the child's clothing becoming saturated with gaso line with the ever-present danger of seri ous burns. Anything in Wooden Solos. DEECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE CO., inc. * COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA Stock No, 5648 JANUARY, JQ37 62 Tind the Hazard" Contest Proves Popular KEEP YOUR PLANT DUST-FREE, for Safety and Efficiency THE world's largest shop inspection committee went into action during A bigger premium for first prizel the past month when men and women Greater rewards to work for--that is from all parts of the country submitted the keynote of the 12 new monthly con their entries in the eleventh of the tests which the [ 937 Safety Calendar monthly Safety Calendar Contests con ducted by the National Safety Council during the past year. The contest, which proved to lie one of the most popular of the year, was of the "find the hazard" type. The illustra offers as a test of the skill and safety knowledge of Contest fans. The Contests have even more variety than the series offered in 1936. The first prize for each month has been increased to $50; second prize k $10 and third $5. in addition 15 prizes tion on the reverse side of the November of $1 each are awarded every month. Calendar page showed a corner of a During the past year the National shop in which the most flagrant viola Safety Council distributed $600 in Con tions of safety procedure prevailed. test money among employees of its In addition to pointing out the haz ards contestants were asked to submit a statement of 75 to 100 words on "How to Work Safely." members. This year a total of $960 will be distributed--$80 every month. Urge your employees to try for their share. Dust is not only a health hazard, but an annoyance to workmen--and a hindrance to your quality and quantity of output. You can END DUST at a surprisingly low cost. A Sly Dust Control System costs little to buy, little to operate. Exclusive features make for most effective dust suppression, collection and disposal. Write us. There is a competent representa tive near you, who will gladly analyze your problems. The women contestants, who have done their share of bidding for prizes in the past months, came out second best in the November competition, all the major prizes being taken by the men. W. P. Carlon, 1204 Birdsall Street, Old Hickory, Term., won the first prize of S20. He received his Calendar from the E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. To Gerald A. Collins went the second prize of $10.00. Mr. ' oilins received a Calendar from the Lehigh Portland CLOTH BAG DUST FILTERS Cement Co. The third prize of $5.00 went to Allen McCluskey, Birmingham, Ala., who re ceived his Calendar from the Virginia DUST CONTROL SUPPRESSION, POSITIVE COLLECTION, DISPOSAL. Bridge Company of that city. Winners of the 15 one dollar prizes were as follows: Miss Catherine Wipperfurth, Cross Plains, AIR-SUPPDWCT HELMETS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST DUST, FUMES, ETC. Wis. Calendar from the Madison (Wis.) Gas and Electric Co. Mrs. il. C. Harrell, t6}0 De Queen Blvd., Port Arthur, Texas. Calendar from The Texas The Sly PURAIR Helmet is a de pendable protec tion from injurious dust, fumes, etc. KEEPS MEN FRESH! Light and comfortable. Air is cleaned and deodor ized and free from moisture and o!L LOW l IN COST. Company. D. H. Weeks, `20 Eighth Street. Port Arthur, Texas, Calendar from The Texas Company. Miss Hilda M. Hooten, 635 W, Vfh Street, Norfolk, Va. Calendar from The Texas Com pany. Norfolk, Va, George Henry Goodwin. 1207 Russell Street. Berkeley, Calif, Calendar from The Pullman Company. Richard F. Blough, Lorain Division, Car- negie-Illinois Steel Corp., Johnstown, Pa. Cal endar from the Pennsylvania Manufacturers' Association Casualty Insurance Co. Albert F. French, 1818 Seventh Ave.. No.. Great Falls. Monr, Calendar from Anaconda Write for Bulletin SSI Copper Mining Co. M. J. Hangartncr, Casper, VFvo. Calendar from 'Hie Texas Company, Casper, Wyo. M. C. Jeffers, 2064 Williams Street. Jack sonville, Fla, Calendar from The Texas Com- 4727 Train Ave. Cleveland, Ohio I pane. bliss Lucile B, Rice. 1606--13th. Ave., So.. Birmingham, Ala. Calendar from the Alabama Power Company. James W. Dunneil, 155 Maple Avenue. Patchogue. N. V. Calendar from Electroiux Inc., 500 Fifth Ave., New York City. William H. Brown, 331 Eric Ave., Quakertown. Pa. Calendar from Pennsylvania Manu facturers' Association Casualty Ins. Co. C. A. Stevenson, Schumacher, Ont, Can.' Calendar from McIntyre Porcupine Mines. T. C. Ogren, DuPont, Wash. Calendar rrom E. 1. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Mrs. George F. Harris, 817 Highland Ave.. Lead, S. D. Calendar from the Homcstake Mining Co. The great majority of entries were from persons actually engaged in pro duction within the plant, rather than from members of their families. Almost all of the contestants succeeded in find ing all of the hazards illustrated. Thus the decision of the judges was based primarily upon the quality of the essays submitted. Contest judges were Dr. C. H. Wat son. President, National Safety Council; Harry Guilbert, Director. Bureau of Safety and Compensation, The Pullman Company: and Miss Laura Hill. Infor mation Bureau, National Safety Council. Compensation for Silicosis (Continued from page 54) where silicosis is found, the employees have accumulated the injurious sub stances during the term of their employ ment before such proposed legislation could become effective. With respect to that liability. I believe it is inequitable to saddle the expense thereof upon in- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 63 dustry at one given time, and some method should be found for apportion ing this accrued liability. Another most important element to be considered in the drafting of silicosis compensation legislation should be a provision for the appointment of a com petent medical board. Neither lawyers nor laymen are in the position to pass upon medical questions. Necessity of Prevention I wish to emphasize what to me seems to be the most important aspect of this problem, prevention. From the stand point of those who labor, they should be far more interested in the mainten ance of their health than in compensa tion for injuries to that health. From the standpoint of employers, the cost of prevention of occupational disease injur ies will be but a small fraction of the ul timate cost of compensation for such in juries. With respect to silicosis, through agencies such as, the National Safety Council, the United States Public Health Service, and other state and in dustrial organizations, there is available, to employers, scientific information as to methods of eliminating most of the silica hazard that exists in your particular in dustries. If, for none other than selfish reasons, employers, should make use of this information. The initial cost may seem great, but it will many times repay the cost of compensation for silicosis. I do not believe that modern society will countenance the continued failure of many industries to utilize available methods of engineering control to mini mize health hazards. Labor, for its part, must discharge its duties with full appreciation of the haz ards that are present. There must be no half-hearted use of protective appliances. Similarly, there must be no half-hearted enforcement of factory rules and regu lations with respect to the use of such appliances. Again, there must be a co operative observance of rules and regu lations laid down by safety engineers or state officials. The problem of health must become a major consideration by all interests in volved. I honestly believe that with full cooperation by employer and employee alike, industry may be well on its way to elimination of this hazard and may relegate the prublem of compensation for such Injuries to such statutory pro visions as the state may see fit to adopt, reasonable in their provisions, but un necessary to enforce because of the pre vious elimination of the hazard. JANUARY. 1937 Increase and Protect the Foot Power of Your Plant Foot power depends on leverage. You can't have it on slippery, unsafe floors. You can have it-- permanently, too-- by installing Inland 4-Way Floor Plate which provides equal foot traction in all four directions. Easily installed, easily kept clean--may we send you a bulletin describing its exclusive features? Inland Steel Company 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois Ladder-Slipping Accidents MATERIALLY REDUCED! Effective traction elements for all of the various working surfaces are combined into one practical unit in SAFE-HI LADDER SHOES To minimize the hazard of ladder-slip ping accidents . . . specify Sufe-Hi Ladder Shoes on new ladders; and order through your dealer, or direct, to equip ladders now' in use. ROSE MANUFACTURING CO. 2111 Welton St. Denver* Colo. New Responsibilities (Continued from page 22) tions. These demonstrations were given wide publicity and motion pictures were taken. In publicizing the results, special emphasis was given the fact that the first car made the trip only a few min utes faster than the second car. and the question was asked "What does the driver do with the time saved by taking such chances?" Later, several surveys were made and special routes of travel from the home to the plant were recommended instead of the more crowded boulevards. In many concerns where a consider able number of workers drive their own cars to and from the plant, a traffic prob lem is created because no special park ing facilities have been provided. In some cases the management has waited until a major accident has emphasized the seriousness of the situation, while in other cases the management forestalled trouble by opening up part of the com pany yard for car parking purposes. Stalls are laid out on the ground with tennis court markers, and one of the plant watchmen is assigned the job of directing traffic during rush hours. This has not only prevented many ac cidents to workers and damage to their cars, but it has also been good training in observing the "rules of the road" and in demonstrating courtesy to the other fellow. Numerous other activities have been devised to influence workers and mem bers of their families in avoiding after hour accidents. For instance, safe driv ers' dubs have been organized among the employees in some companies: pledge cards have been used to good ad vantage: literature of one sort or an other has been distributed for reading at home: and prizes have been awarded to the best safety essays written by work ers' children. Safety men are realizing that the in struction of their own employees is only part of the program. These workers are being menaced by the reckless acts of others on the streets and highways and industries must take part in cooperative efforts to raise the general standards of driving. Industrialists as a whole are doing their part to save 38.000 lives which-is the objective of the Five-Year Plan. Legislative and enforcing authorities are hitting their stride too. Traffic engin eers. vehicle fleet operators, the schools, and other agencies are all working hand in hand, and 1937 should record a real advance all along the line in this effort to make people hear and heed the de mands of safety. TILLEYII BEG. U.S. BBT. OFF. for your maintenance gang in 1937 Tilley adjustable scaffolding jacks are the ideal scaffolding for interior work. An ideal scaffold must be easily and quickly adjusted to the desired height, either on level or uneven floors; must be light, strong and durable, and fold up compactly for ease in storage and transporting. Tilley Jacks com bine all these important features, plus a large safety factor. Range of sizes: from 2 feet extending to 3 feet--to .12 feet extending to 20 feet. Specify "'Tilleyr> when buying any scaffold ing or ladders and thus ensure your satisfac tion with well-designed, secure and rigid products that do not require such frequent renewals. Complete Tilley Line is shown in our catalog, W rite for it. THE JOHN S. TILLEy LADDERS CO., INC. WATERVLIET, NEW y O R K CHICAGO REPRESENTATIVES -- PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, INC. 634 Orleans Street, Chicago, Illinois NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 65 No Quitting Time (Continued from page .?") housekeeping." Selections of the win ners will be made by an award commit tee composed of plant executives. months this year as compared with the goal of 0.9. This is a 22 per cent re duction under last year's mark of 1.31 ment of a high employee morale. When "While the Buick division of the cor days. employees know that the plant is taking poration has been striving to reduce ac "Since the beginning of this accident a real interest in them and is anxious to cidents since 1920, the Sloan Award prevention campaign in 1920 when the help them keep safe and well, they will campaign adds impetus to the goal set frequency rate was 40 and when the reciprocate by taking a more active in for this year," Mr. Curtice said. "With severity mark was 2.55, remarkable terest in their jobs and their company. two more months to be recorded before progress has been made. This can be at Of course, it is axiomatic that a healthy, reaching the goal of six accidents per tributed to four groups, the Buick safety interested workman is a bigger asset to one million hours of work, our frequency department, the superintendents, fore a plant than a chronic semi-invalid and rate has dropped to 6.62 accidents. This men and the workers. Every year thou hypochondriac. After-work programs years record is an 18 per cent reduction sands of dollars have been spent by will greatly increase the percentage of over the 1935 rate of 8.12. Buick to buy new machines equipped healthy, cooperative employees. "Our severity record, which is based with all the latest safety devices and to The building of community good will on the number of days lost by factory eliminate working hazards and un is another important advantage. The employees, shows 0.98 days for ten healthy working conditions. plant which takes the lead in sponsoring community safety will be prominently and favorably in the public eye. It will become an even greater asset to the community. The maintenance and ex pansion of such cordial relation between YOUR community and industry is an essential factor in the success of the industry. As member interest grows, it is ex OWN EMPLOYEES pected that plans for the after-work pro gram will be developed and expanded. may not tellyou! Each member, of course, will be able to determine the form of program best suited to his needs. The Portland Ce ment Association will assist in develop ing the program and will act as a clear ing house through which plants can ex change ideas for improving the program. Your washing facilities may be far from ade quate--far from sanitary or modern .. . but even your best employees won't tell you. It's up to you to investigate--put yourself in your employees' position ... Is there too much delay-- Buick Enthusiastic for Sloan Safety Contest N intensive drive for the reduction A of accidents among factory em ployees has been announced by Harlow are there too many men for present facilities---are your facilities as clean, modern, sanitary as they should be? You can change all this easily--make water sav ings that pay for sanitary Bradley Washfountains in a short time--give each man clean, sanitary run ning water--and improve morale instantly. H. Curtice, president and general man ager of the Buick division of General Motors, with the inauguration of the MODERNIZE . . . ENLARGE WASHROOM FACILITIES Sloan Award inter-factory safety cam paign. The campaign, which began simultaneously in all automobile fac tories of General Motors Corporation, is being sponsored by its president. Alfred P. Sloan. Jr., and will continue for a sixmonths period, ending May 31. The primary purpose of the campaign is to recognize and honor the foremen who do the most outstanding jobs in the prevention of industrial accidents. Out of a group of more than 500 foremen, the first IS with the highest records will be awarded all-wave table radios to Put in Bradleys---each unit serves 10 washers at one time yet uses but little more water for the 10 than for one at an ordinary wash basin . .. Bradley Washfountains provide more washing facilities with less piping and installation expense. Hundreds of thousands of workmen in plants of every kind are enjoying Bradley better washing facilities daily. "Group Washing" with Brad leys is the modern way--investi gate now--make this dividendpaying investment for your em ployees' benefit,--and for vour own. BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN CO., 2237 W. Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. gether with certificates signed by Mr. Sloan. These awards will be given on the basis of four points: safety performance (based on accidents statistics), hazard Bradley Vvashioun- tains and, at left, three Bradley % Unit Showers. IB IRA ID IL IEY elimination, safety education and "good WASHFOUNTAINS and SHOWERS JANUARY, 1937 66 LINEMAN'S INSULATED TOOL BAG Style L For hoisting and lowering tools, insulators and supplies. Manufactured of heavyweight, hard woven canvas and specially designed, flexible, waterproof leather bottom. Collapsible--No metal parts. 12" diameter--15" deep. Side rope loop for placing over pin, holding bag at correct working position. Handle holes and loop holes leather reinforced inside and outside. PREVENT ACCIDENTS Equip your line crews with this serviceable product. Other products purposely de signed for the Electrical Indus try include glove bags, line hose bags, portable danger signs, danger flags, insulated brushes, solder catch pans, pike pole guards, fuse pullers, portable hand lamps, linemen's bells and climbers. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W. Somerset St. PHILADELPHIA, PEN NA. The White Elephant (Continued from page i q) few while elephants, and on account of the tremendous expense involved the nobleman soon goes bankrupt. Hence a White Elephant is something to avoid if you don't have one, and something to get rid of quickly if you do." There was an idea for a safety cam paign. It contained the elements of pride, humor, fear and competition. No one would want a white elephant in their department or division announcing that they had an accident. And so the Siamese custom of passing out White Elephants was adopted in the President's Safety Campaign. The or ganization was called the "Royal Order of the White Elephant" and the rules of the order were inclosed in the bro chure: 1, Beginning July 1 the department or divi sion Slaving the last lost-time accident will be visited by the White Elephant. We want to impress upon you that this White Elephant is just a nice desk size. The White Elephant will stay in the department or the division until a lost-time accident occurs in some other depart ment or division. (There is now a large, al most life size t-iephant for the unlucky divi sion. i ;. Each time an accident occurs a bulletin will be issued and those having the White Elephant in their possession will have the op portunity of shipping it witli their compliments (and comments) to the individual designated. ?, Those who have possession of the ele phant will be required to display it upon their desks in their offices at all times. 4. They must fully explain what the elephant represents to anyone asking them. The individual honored with the presence of the white Elephant will be designated as "Official Keeper of the Elephant" until an ac cident occurs elsewhere. . d, If all departments and divisions have a perfect safety record for one month, the safety director, Mr. C. B. Boulet. will he the honor ary president until an accident occurs and will have the honor of displaying the White Ele phant on his desk. In the event of the entire eompanv making a perfect safety record for three consecutive months, our little pet will he presented to the president, Mr. j. P. Pulliam, with due pomp and ceremony, and he will then he elevated to the exalted position of "Maharajah" of the Royal Order of the White Elephant. made for display purposes to rouse in terest in the new plan. At the end of three no-accident months, the elephant was shipped to Mr. Pulliam with much pomp and ceremony, filling the office with straw, peanuts, and other such im pedimenta. When the first accident oc curred, the White Elephant was dis patched to the unfortunate division. At present the elephant is in the possession of Mr. Boulet, and if, at the end of December, the corporation is without further accident, the pet will be sent to Mr. Pulliam again. Results of the campaign were imme diately noticeable. From June 24 to September 29, covering a period of 96 days, there was not a single disabling injury. The Wisconsin Public Service Corporation was the only utility in the group of large gas and electric companies to maintain a perfect record. On Sep tember 29 a minor lost-time injury marred the record, but since then until the present writing there has not been another. That means that only one lost time case occurred in over 1,000,000 man hours worked by more than 1375 employees. The National Safety Council cam paign starts each year on July 1, and with the first quarter of the race over, the Wisconsin Public Service Corpora tion is out in front, and a keen contender for the coveted annual reward. The corporation also was one of the few companies in the Public Utility En gineering and Service Corporation group to show a decrease in accidents. Its ac cident frequency this year from January l to September 30 was 3.939 in compari son with 6.278 for the same period last year. The average frequency for the en tire group increased .31%. Last year the company finished in ninth place nationally, and stood in fifth place for the same period of time in the Public Utility Engineering and Service group. Three times during the past eight years Wisconsin Public Service Corporation has won first place in the National Safety contest, and it hopes to regain that prestige at the end of the current contest. Twelve postcards were sent to each manager, which were to be tilled out with the division accident record and mailed to the president every month. From these a chart or scoreboard was compiled and is kept in the president's office. The plan was received with enthus iasm by the division managers, and in various divisions life-size elephants were The Company completed the entire month of November without a disabling injury, bringing the total man-hours up to' 1 *300,000 with but one chargeable accident. One thousand employees in the company's eastern division have completed 1,000,000 man-hours without a disabling injury. The last accident that occurred in the eastern territory was on May 25. 1936. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 67 POSITION WANTED Safety engineer with 12 years active experience in safety work in the steel in dustry wishes to contact an industrial organization needing a man well ground ed in all phases of safety work. Age 34, married. Middle west location preferred. Address Box 302, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. Water May Create A Fire Hazard WHY HILE water is commonly used in fighting fires, strangely enough, W try toit causes indirectly a large share of the farm fires occurring throughout the United States, according to Dr. David GUESS? J. Price, fire and explosion specialist of the LT. S. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. Fire caused by water. Dr. Price ex plained, is better known under a more technical name--spontaneous ignition. Bacteriological and chemical action in fluenced by water is likely to cause the ignition of hay. cattle feeds, fertilizers, and other farm products when stored in barns, farm buildings, or any kind of storage place. The bureau's record of farm fires contains many strange stories. For instance, the average person finds it difficult to imagine a fire starting in an ice house. Yet, in the bureau's files is a record of an ice house burning to the ground after the sawdust had be come wet from a heavy rain followed by a period of very warm weather. The fire started from spontaneous ignition. The records contain accounts of many other strange happenings, including a fire starling in a carload of mixed feed while in transit. The feed had a high moisture content and again spontaneous ignition started the flames. Similar fires have been reported when fertilizers were in storage or shipment. A check showed that in each instance the fer tilizer had a high moisture content. Furthermore. Dr. Price pointed out, water is not always a safe thing to use in fighting certain types of fires. It is a possible indirect cause of terrific explosions. This might happen when a full stream of water at high pressure knocks loose accumulations of dust or stirs up piles of finely ground combus tible materials, which is likely in fight ing fires in industrial plants. The flames ignite the dust cloud. The best pro cedure in the face of such hazards is When You Can K now! What is the tight way to keep your floors new and beautiful? Which is going to save you most in the long run--electric floor polishing and scrubbing or hand mopping and polishing? If you decide in favor of the machine, which should you choose--a small machine or a large one? Why try to guess the answer to these important questions when you can know? We have a simple plan, based on our years of experience that will give you facts upon which you can make a right decision. This service costs you nothing. We cannot know in advance what the survey may show. We do know that it has in the great majority of cases shown the true condition of the floors, the facts as to the actual cost of the present maintenance methods. It has shown with amazing accuracy the probability of savings as well as improved cleanliness and appearance. We offer you this service free. Then, if you wish, we stand ready to furnish you a service that will assure the full possibilities shown by the survey. Finnell floor polishing and scrubbing machines are the most complete line in existence. Finnell floor finishes include virtually everything for floor maintenance-- Gloss Seal in several types, a full line of waxes both paste and liquid, headed by Finnell Kotc, the unique hot process wax, also soaps, soap powders. ASK FOR FREE SURVEY. Upon your request, one of our trained men will make a complete survey of your floors, and give you the facts upon which you can act with assurance. Address: FINNELL SYSTEM, INC., 2201 East Street, Elkhart, Indiana. FINNELL SYSTEM EST 1906 OF FLOOR MAINTENANCE NO,1016 SAFETY STRAP,-: BUHRKE Linemen's Safety Belts When a lineman is on the poie lie shouldn't have to worry whether or not his "safety" ts attfe. Use Buhrke Beits for Satisfaction and Safety Hie H. IT. Huhrke Company pioneered in the development of safety belts and straps over Hi years ago. with the help of public utility engineers. The result was equipment that was designed right, built right and provided maximum safety, improvements hi design have been made from time to time but the Mime exacting specifications of material, hardware, inspection and workmanship have always been maintained. Wn7i* for entatoyne R. H. BUHRKE CO. 4538 Fullerton Ave,, Chicago, III. SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE JANUARY. 1937 68 B-K Industrial INHALATOR for Plant Hospitals Blast Furnaces Mills, Etc. CATALOG NO. BK-402 Weight 7 lbs. $75.00 With Case Valuable plant emergency re suscitating equipment. Fits any standard cylinder. When attached to 200 cu. It. cylinder, as illus trated, furnishes approximately 10 times as much oxygen as standard inhaiator without changing cylin ders. Widely used and approved. Write for Bulletin 105 BISHINGER -- RUC KOEHLER WqM vN LF.vcTvur.xG co. 7820 Kelly St, Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufacturers OXVOEX EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS IN 1937 INSURE DEPENDABLE DUST to use a vapor spray nozzle instead of the full pressure stream. Too, there is the ever-present danger of water combining with some other substance and forming a combustible gas. An example of this is when water comes in contact with burning aluminum powder. Hydrogen gas is formed and an explosion may follow. When dust is encountered in fire fighting, Dr. Price advises caution in the use of water. This is especially true in factories manufacturing metallic powders and it is best for such estab lishments to have large quantities of dry sand in suitable containers as a part of their fire-fighting equipment. A recent sound picture, "Dangerous Dusts." produced by the U. S. Depart ment of Agriculture under Dr. Price's supervision, has been shown at several meetings. Obituary P. W. A. FITZSIMMONS P. W. A. Fitzsimmons, president of the Michigan Mutual Liability Com pany, died suddenly in Jerusalem on November 28. With Mrs. Fitzsimmons he had been enjoying a tour of the Medi terranean countries when he was stricken with dysentery. He was 66 years old and is survived by his widow and a daughter. As an insurance executive Mr. Fitz simmons had been active for many years in the promotion of both industrial and public safety. He was an influential supporter of the National Safety Coun cil. in which he served as a director for several years, and of the Detroit Indus trial Safety Council. He was also affi liated with numerous other organizations for the advancement of public welfare. CONTROL PANGBORN DUST COLLECTORS operate day and night . . . protecting millions of dollars worth of property from the DESTRUC TIVENESS OF DUST. Are you sure your equipment is safe from this costly menace? You can be assured of real Dust Control in 1937 if you turn your dust problems over to Pangborn engineers. For over 30 years we have been successfully collecting dust in both large and small plants. Let us tell you more about our service. Write today. [P Kl [& K] WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF BLAST CLEANING AND DUST COLLECTING EQUIPMENT PANGBORN CORPORATION.......................... ........................................HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND A. C. GIBSON Albert C. Gibson, director of safety and employment for Spang, Chalfant & Co. at Etna, Pa., died December 4. Death was due to a heart ailment from which he had been suffering for several years. Mr. Gibson was born in Millvale, Pa., October S, 1887. He had been with Spang, Chalfant & Co., since 1909, first in the drafting room, and since Jan uary 1. 1916. he had been in safety and employment work. For many years he was active in the Metals Section of the National Safety Council, serving as vicechairman for 1924-2S and general chair- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS man for the following year. He had been a member of the ASSE-Engineering Sec tion since 1931 and had been prominent in safety activities in the Western Penn sylvania territory. George J. Gorman has been appointed to the position left vacant by Mr. Gib son's death. 69 CHARLES E. BABCOCK Charles E. Bab cock, National Safety Council field representative, died November 23 at his home in Elk River, Minn. On Novem ber IS he had suf fered a heart attack in Cheyenne, Wyo ming, and had re mained there a few days before returning home. His widow, Mrs Anna H. Babcock, survives him. Mr. Babcock was born August 10, 1871. He was nationally known for his significant contributions to the develop ment of the nation's highways. Among his many accomplishments in this field was his work in advancing the de velopment of trunk highways. He was the first highway commissioner of the state of Minnesota and at one time was president of the Association of American State Highway officials, and president of the American Road Builders Associa tion. Joining the National Safety Council's staff in March, 1936, he was assigned to District 7, embracing Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyo ming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. He assisted Arizona and New Mexico in organizing state safety councils. The Safety of workers is of paramount interest, not only to the workers them selves, but to officials and personnel directors as well. They know that workers wearing RAW-CORD, NON SLIP Soles and Heels on their shoes Sho. Equipped with Raw-Cord Rocker Sole are more efficient, and an efficient worker is usually a profitable one. This is why plant managers and personnel directors are recommending RAW-CORD equipped shoes. They are sold by shoe dealers in your city, ask for them by name. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, O. Fully Protected by Fatcnti-Any Infringement* Will Be Prosecuted NON-SLIP SOLES HEELS SHOULD BE IN EVERY FIRST AID CABINET Wounded Doe Kicks Gun; Vio Gen Kills Hunter A WOUNDED doe was blamed for the fatal shooting of a hunter, ac cording to an Associated Press dispatch from Reed City, Mich., dated Novem ber 22. The victim, Walter Draminski, t/ouk. biitvfpy New Instant Treatment for Burns and Surface Injuries Proved In service! Steel mills, foundries, chemical plants, and oil refineries use VioGen as the standard remedy for burns of every type. Painless spray application wins instant approval of the injured work man. Positive nntisept'c protection and prompt, clean healing of injuries mean cash savings to the management. TRY VioGen NOW. BURNHAM LABORATORIES WEST MEDWAY, MASS. a farmer, came upon the doe while hunt ing ducks and leaned over to examine it. According to the coroner, the doe appar Send.......M................ _7 VioGen Spray Outfits at #3.50 Postpaid. BURNHAM LABORATORIES, W. Medway, Mass. Name..................... ................... .................... . ently kicked Draminski's gun. It dis charged and the shot killed him. Send full Information only, including bulk prices. Address........................................................ ........................... city......................................................... State................. .. JANUARY, 1937 70 After the Injury (Continued from page j6) arbitrary stereotyped method of man agement impossible. To each individual, however, certain general principles may be applied. From the time of the acci dent until the injured workman is able to return to some type of work, complete control of the patient should rest with the physician, except that part which has to do with the classification of legal responsibility. In the latter connection the physician is serving only as a fact finding agency and technical advisor. U.S. HOFFMAN CORPORATION AIR APPLIANCE DIVISION, 111 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK Wiesman Safety Press Guards Efficient protection for the operator without interference of natural work ing- movements. Improved production because accident worry is reduced to a minimum. Wiesman Press Guards are simple, easily attached, applicable to all types, sizes of presses; right or left hand stroke. Details? Wiesman Mfg. Co. 31 to 35 South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. FERALUN JlnthSlip Treads ( )Also Bronzalun. Atumatun and Nicalun PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond, assuring durability and anti The injured workmans own family and his industrial family should inter fere as little as possible with the doctor's management of the case. Many a work man's recovery has been unduly pro longed by many visits to the hospital, by a too solicitous foreman, or by a too"hard boiled" foreman. Once the in jured is ready for some kind of work the employer at once shares responsibility with the doctor in the process of re habilitation. The boss and the doctor should work with wholehearted coopera tion toward obtaining the best result. The claim agent or insurance carrier greatly assists in the complete rehabili tation by keeping ail parties concerned informed as to the workman's status from a compensation or liability stand point. In the management of the malingerer these principles of procedure will be of little effect. The diagnosis of malinger ing should be made with extreme cau tion. In my experience the number of injured who come under this classifica tion is exceedingly small. Too often the diagnosis of malingering is a substitute to cloak deficient medical care, inade quate study and poor management. When the diagnosis of malingering can definitely and unquestionably be made, the management of the individual should be the same as that of any other offender guilty of fraud and deceit. "Oh, well," moralized the moraiizer, "somewhere behind the clouds the sun is shining." "Maybe," demoralized the demoral izer: "And under the sea is land, but that doesn't help a guy when he falls overboard." slip efficiency. Specify Feralun and Be Sure American Abrasive Metals Co. IRVINGTON, NEW JERSEY Signs of the Times "You are now entering God's country. Don't drive through it like hell." This highway sign was seen at Hondo, Texas, says Liberty. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 71 Warns of Asphyxiation Hazard in Silos B ECAUSE of the possible presence of suffocating gases soon after siiage has been stored, entering a silo is considered particularly dangerous at that time, says Dr. David J. Price, chemical engineer of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, who recently in vestigated a case in Maryland, where three lives were lost in a pit silo. The greatest danger comes, the bureau engineers say, when large quantities of carbon dioxide gas are generated during the fermentation that takes place when corn ensilage is placed in the silo. This fermentation, which begins immediately after the ensilage is put in. may con tinue for several days. The excess amount of carbon dioxide often lowers the oxygen content of the air to such a point that persons entering the silo will suffocate. Economical protection The pit silo, with its lack of venti lation, is the source of greatest danger. The air in the above-ground silos may be regulated by keeping one of the many doors open near the surface of the silage. Care should be taken to open the doors as near the silage level as possible after it has had time to settle. The presence of dangerous gases may be detected easily by lowering a small animal or fowl into the silo before any one enters. If the atmosphere is dangerous the animal or fowl will be affected but may be revived when brought back into fresh air. Xo attempt should be made In enter the silo until the gases have been removed by agitat ing the air or by proper ventilation. This can be accomplished by using a blanket, a piece of canvas, a limb of a tree, or similar devices to circulate the air and remove the carbon dioxide. As the carbon dioxide is heavier than air it is likely to settle just above the silage and remain until the silo has been aired properly. If it is necessary to rescue a person overcome by gas in a silo, a rope should be tied securely to the person entering so that he can be removed promptly. If possible the air should he agitated quickly before he enters. In cases of suffocation from silo gases the person affected should be removed as quickly as possible and artificial respiration given immediately. Every accident prevented is a direct saving, and Safety should always be viewed from the standpoint of an investment and never as an expense item. A protected hazard reduces to a mini mum the possibility of an injured worker and acci dent costs. H & K Guard Accessories are simple in design and construction yet afford maximum pro tection. They are not only efficient and durable but do not interfere with machine operation. Your inquiry will receive prompt atten tion. All H & K Guard Accessories are under inspec tion service of Lndcnvriters' Laboratories, Inc. amnqton & Perfo.ftating 111 Liberty St. NEW YORK. N. Y. 5615 Fillmore St. CHICAGO, ILL. The Only Device Providing Protection against smashed Angers, strained backs, ruptures ,, The Prescott Safety Tool a n d other injuries caused by dangerous hand, foot and bar methods of CLOSING HOPPISU BOTTOM CAR DOORS. Saves Time Safely with Any Car with Latch Type Door Lock. A fatal accident is just a vital statistic --unless the victim happens to be your loved one or mine. -- Midvale Safety Bulletin. JANUARY, 1937 Write for details and low prices* The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Wirrtn, Ohio CLOTHING Employee Training BUYERS Pays Its Way By J. P. MURRAY District Foreman, Empire Oil & lieftninq Cumpnnu, Oil Uitl, Kansas MANY Department Stores employ special buyers for their clothing departments. They are experts in their line and have the knack of "picking up" special bargains, usu ally at a price, and turning the pur chase into a profitable investment. But STEEL-GRIP clothing is not purchased that way. The buyer is the man who is responsible for the life and limb of the employee. He knows you cannot buy protection in bargain lofts of clothing jobbers. STEEL-GRIP gloves and safety clothing are designed for a single purpose---that is to protect and save human life. For this reason we spare neither time nor materials to make this brand of safety cloth ing as near perfect protection as possible. Most of our output is made up according to the specifi cations of the safety engineering departments of industry. LET US SERVE YOU1 .i-JtLxCx INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL. Chicago Detroit Newark Better relationships between foremen and men, improved job efficiency and greater safety consciousness are some of the results of a sys tematic program of training OUR aim in employee training has been to develop alertness to the hazards confronting us, to eliminate as many of the hazards as pos sible, and to form safe and efficient working habits. The elimination of re movable hazards and the installation of safeguards and protective equipment are important items, but the development of alert thinking and correct working practices seems to be the key to the situ ation. In laving the foundation for any pro gram of accident prevention, the men must be made to realize the hazards confronting them in their jobs. They must also realize that their sense of alertness to these hazards is still, gen erally speaking, undeveloped. When this picture is properly presented to them, they will usually be found receptive to instruction. The first and most important require ment in carrying on accident prevention work is a foreman who has the necessary understanding of his job and some abili ty as a teacher and leader. These quali ties are often latent in a foreman and can be developed through study and ex perience. Accident prevention work can not be divorced from the foreman or the job. if the real training is removed from the job its effectiveness is lost. There must be association of instruction to the work done. Training employees is primarily a problem of getting them to think on the job. However, if training is to be effec tive, it must be directed. Mere think ing without direction may lead to the formation of undesirable work habits. A man's ability to think is limited by his mental capacity, his education and his job experience. A man of limited mental capacity is handicapped from the beginning in his ability to analyze his job and see the operation in its en tirety. Lack of educational experience re stricts a man's thinking because it re duces the fund of information available for solving the immediate problem. In the same manner lack of job experience will handicap a man. To be of greatest value, job experience must be varied so as to offer numerous approaches to the solution of the problem. Training, in the final analysis, con sists uf selecting a man who has the ability to think because of mental ca pacity and educational and job exper iences; arousing his interest so that he will start thinking on (he job; and di recting it so that he will produce the desired results--efficiency of operation, which means a safe job. The goal is to make thinking, instead of manual opera tions. a habit. Methods of Training The training of foremen has been the first line of attack. The first move was to sell them on the importance of acci dent prevention, because the results ob tained from any campaign are in direct proportion to the enthusiasm of the fore man and the energy he puts into it. A number of job analyses and safety conferences were held. These started the foremen thinking in the right direc tion and helped them make a mental file of the information they already pos sessed. A conference on foremanship was also held. This brought out the facts on many phases of supervision and made the foremen conscious of their responsi bilities. Current data are continually supplied to aid foremen in conducting their work. A word of caution regarding confer ences is in order. Before calling one there should be a definite objective in view and the conference so directed as to arrive at that objective. If the objec- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 73 tive is indefinite in the beginning and more so in the end. the results are likely to be damaging, particularly when we are dealing with men who are not ac customed to work of that nature. About the time foreman training was begun in our organization, and in some instances before, all employees were required to pass an examination in first aid work. As new employees are added to the payroll, each is required to pass this examination. Aside from the direct benefit the men obtain from first aid training, it has been one of the im portant factors in creating interest in accident prevention work. Accident prevention meetings are now held monthly for all employees. From a rather crude beginning has evolved the group, or, in our case, the tool house meetings held on company time. Here the foreman has his men together for consideration and discussion of safety and operating problems. Through the foreman's influence these take the form of directed thinking. Hazards, faulty working habits, accidents, near acci dents and the like are discussed, new ideas developed, and conclusions drawn. Preceding each month's meetings a regular meeting for superintendents is held, at which timely topics are discuss ed. The conclusions reached at these sessions are passed on to the foremen to be discussed at the regular tool house meetings for employees. On October 9, 1933, a new project was launched with results surpassing those obtained from previous efforts. I refer to the employee training classes. A wide variety of subjects has been taught, and each subject pertains to some phase of the job. Subjects have been selected according to their impor tance from an operation standpoint and the lack of knowledge displayed by the men. Also a reasonable number of les sons containing auxiliary information and scientific facts concerning operation have been prepared and presented. 'Wherever possible safety factors are in cluded. In this way valuable informa tion has been brought to the men. A few examples of the subjects taught in the Oil Production Division are: 1. Manufacture and care of sucker rods. 2. Theory, construction and operation of gun barrels, 3. Concrete, 4. Levers and their practical application. 5. The pollution problem. t5, Pulleys, simple machines, friction. 7. Oil well pumps. 8. Occurrence and treatment of emulsions. In many cases two or more lessons sire required to cover a subject. JANUARY, 1937 T Printing plants are a typical example of hundreds of industrial plants where dust "-oan~ injure and even ruin the finished product. Many plants are now reducing their percentage of rejects by keeping dirt and dust away from the product with a Spencer Vacuum Cleaning System. Workers do | more work--and better work--in a clean : room, and in most cases it costs less to keep the plant clean the Spencer Wav. A single operator--with a Spencer Port- 5 able, or a connection to a Spencer Central System, with a varied assortment of vacu- * um cleaning tools for every kind of floor " or wall surface--can cover large areas quickly and easily. Also the machinery, shipping contain- ; ers, and even the finished product can be cleaned at a minimum cost. Ideal for removing silica and chemical dusts. Many types and sizes lor all kinds of industrial applications. Write for the bulletin. CENTRAL AND PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEMS ________________ __ " S-w THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN, Cold Medal JSafeLadders andScaffolding forEveryPurpose SAFETY PLATFORM LADDER FIRST CHOICE OF MANY SAFETY MEN SINCE 1926 1st The First Platform Ladder with Tool Rack 1st The First Back a Helper Could Mount 1st With Every Step Doubly Reinforced with Knee Braees and Truss Rods /. ^ Other Gold Medal Products: Ladders, AH Types, Ladder Feet, Scaf folding Machines, Tubclox Steel Scaffold* mg, Steel Sidewalk Bridge The Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc. Cliicago, 1550 Dayton Street L. I. City, N. Y., 3821 Eleventh St. ATLANTA, BOSTON. LOS ANGELES. PHILADELPHIA, PITTBBU RGH, rinnUnnrl,UT|riirb1 oM ff^r ENJOY LOWER INSURANCE HATES APPROVED! Justrite Safety Products are approved by the Underwriters Labora tories .... and by the Associated Factories Mutual Fire lnsur- I ance Companies. 1 Pint to X Gallon Justrite Safety Can There is a Justrite Safety Can for even' Plant and Purpose-- sizes from i pint to 5 gallons. Safe for handling gasoline, benzine and other volatile liquids -- saves evapo ration. 3 and 5 Gallons haves on Insurance Rates! \v JUSTRITE Oily Waste Can Simple--opens bv foot pressure; closes automat ically. Safe--cuts fire hazards down to a mini mum. Economical-- lowers insurance rates-- . t instructed to give years of service. Justrite Safety Products are sold by leading Hardware Job bers and dealers Ifyour supplier does not have Justrite Equip ment, write to: Safl'ty Products Div. Justrite Mfg. Co. ~ *061 SouthportAv. Chicago,USA The outstanding benefit from our educational work has been improved job intelligence. It has made the men job conscious. Better operating practices have been developed in a number of cases and efficiency improved generally. To the men these courses have brought additional information, helping them to develop themselves. While this train ing does not always bring higher posi tions and increased earnings, it does promote job security, which is very im portant to every man. It has created interest in new things and in new ways of performing familiar operations. It has brought the foreman and his men into closer relationship, created a better mutual understanding and an ap preciation of each other's problems, and it has been a factor in the working out of new ideas by the men. The fraternal relationships developed have been con ducive to better morale. The teaching of safety in connection with the job lessons seems to leave a more effective and lasting impression than any other method tried previously. Because ot lack of ptevious exper ience in employee training, the ground work was carefully laid before the plan was put into operation. A college trained man with experience in teaching adults was employed as supervisor and placed in the field to get acquainted with oil production operation. Later experience has proved that this is necessary for the satisfactory operation of the system. Operating foremen seldom have the time or training needed for the preparation of material, and poorly prepared pro grams are likely to lag and finally fade out altogether. A teacher's training conference was arranged in cooperation with the State Vocational Training Department and attended by the supervisor and other key men who in turn held teacher train ing conferences for the field foremen. These conferences dealt with the funda mentals of teaching. Many foremen, even the most efficient ones, found teach ing rather difficult, but as a result of the training conferences and months of practice they have become quite pro ficient. The foremen were selected as teachers of their respective groups for logical reasons. They were better acquainted with their men who consequently put more into the program. The lessons could be taught in a way that helped solve the problems of the group. The foremen would keep abreast of the pro gram and help to keep it active. They could also see to it that employees ap plied the information learned. And finally, by studying and teaching the lessons, they have materially im proved themselves as foremen. This alone has been worth more than the cost of the program. It must be borne in mind by the key men that the success of such a program depends upon the attitude of the fore men. Where this needs building up, it can be accomplished by tact and sales manship on the part of the superintend ent or key man. With the teaching staff assembled and prepared, after a fashion, the educa tional plan was presented to the em ployees at group meetings. The plan was explained to them and the hopedfor results outlined. A class was organized by each fore man, consisting of men under his super vision. Each class meets hi - monthly on a regular schedule so that the super visor can attend each one, keep the at tendance roll and assist with the teach ing when necessary. The classes are from one to one and one - half hours' duration and are usually held immedi ately after working hours or in the even ing. Where the nature of the lesson makes it advisable, the class is held on the job during working hours. It is important to keep the schedule regular and continuous, or both foremen and men will lose interest. The subjects for the lessons are se lected by the supervisor in conference with key men of the operating division and are prepared by the supervisor or men in the division who are qualified to prepare them. At the dose of each series of classes a teachers' meeting is held at which the next lesson is taught the teachers by the supervisor or by the man who prepared it. Some idea of the attendance will be found in the following figures taken from one group of foremen in a field having a large number of men in a small area: Men on payroll .............................................. 271 Average attendance, per cent . ---------- TLA Absent, on duty, per cent ..............-- - 2.5 Absent, on vacation, per cent ............. -- 2,8 Absent, all others, per cent ...... ................. 17.5 The results of our work have been a better relationship and understanding between foremen and men, increased job efficiency of both foremen and men, improved safety consciousness and a greater tendency to give thought to the job instead of performing operations as a matter of habit. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Fire Hazards (Continued front page iS) dosed spray booth, and another oven until the piece is finished. Failure to collect and remove resultant vapors by adequate ventilation systems renders practically certain flammable and ex plosive concentrations and eventual dis aster. Transformers, switches, and circuit breakers using flammable oils, though normally harmless, are potential tire hazards. Fires in these devices are usu ally very intense, hard to fight, and re quire special equipment and men thoroughly familiar with its use. The cause is generally an arc occurring be tween switch contacts or a short circuit in either the primary or secondary wind ings, causing intense heat which creates abnormal pressure from the vaporiza tion of oil, resulting in explosion and the release of burning oil. Sometimes these transformers are in stalled without regard to code require ments, are not properly segregated and enclosed, with no provision for indicat ing dangerous temperatures, with oil not regularly tested for its dielectric strength, and not well supervised from the standpoint of either installation or maintenance. DRACCO FILTERS Cb^a&DUSTc/tom, IINDIVIDUAL MACHINES PvRACCO Unit Filters will efficiently and economi cally control dust for individual machines. Many operations create dust and grit that spreads to all parts of the plant and causes a serious nuisance. In many plants a few DRACCO Unit Filters will do away entirely with a serious dust hazard. DRACCO Unit Filters can be placed at the dust source, near the machine, and a short pipe will carry dust to Filter. Filter can also be placed a reasonable distance from source of dust if necessary. We supply DRACCO Unit Filters for individual machines or complete DRACCO Dust Control system for entire plant. No job is too large or too small. 0 Write for Literature 0 f i' L_ Dracco Unit Filter DRACCO CORPORATION Successor* to Tlie Dust Recovering 8C Conveying Co. 4073 E. 116th St. Cleveland, Ohio PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS DUST COLLECTORS Static Electricity Static electricity is said to have been the cause of many serious explosions and subsequent fires in recent years. There are few industrial operations where it is not found, dependent upon the type of manufacturing and the atmospheric con ditions. In intensity it runs from 5,000 volts to 65,000 volts, but with very small amperage. It lasts only a small fraction of a second, having no continuous source of supply, and is especially dangerous in plants where there is dust or flammable vapor. Exhaustive tests have shown that static electricity is much more likely to be disastrous in low humidity. It may be caused by belts, pulleys, paper in course of manufacture or printing, re volving or elevating machinery; in fact, it is likely to be in evidence almost any where where there are rapidly moving parts or materials. A simple method of detecting static is to hold a piece of cot ton thread near the object to be tested. If static is present, the fibres of the thread will stand out with the appear ance of bristles. The remedy is proper grounding of all machinery, line shafts and hangers, and operating units and chutes. The JANUARY, 1937 No. 535 CESCO Light -- scientifi cally ventilated --clear---safe. The Eyes of Industry ArAAA Need a Friend-- WCauUCH|pP|NG goggles Where there are impact hazards, eyes must have pro tection from them, in CESCO Chipping Goggles that protection is complete. Eyes should also be safeguard ed against strain. This is accomplished by shallow, eye cups that are anatomically shaped and adjustable to a perfect fit---to safe circulation of air inside the lenses and elimination of fogging. Ail CESCO Goggles and Spectacles are real friends to the eyes of industry. Write for literature CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. 2335 Warren Blvd. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ... -= 76 w-- X M > for Ventilating and Exhausting are GUARAN TEED to move more air at smaller cost than any other fans of equal size. Write for facts, PROPELLAIR, INC. SPR,riD' f Slipping Accidents Often Prove Fatal [X/ET and slippery floor*--Hoar# that are greasy-- * ' embedded with dirt or otherwise in a dangerous condition due to other waste material. contribute to fatalities from falls among industrial workers. Do not let a hazardous floor eondition rob an employee of Life or Limb, when it can so easily and economically he corrected with a LINCOLN TWIN-DISC Machine. Not only will this machine he an important factor in accident prevention, in keeping your floors in a clean sanitary* condition, hut will actually save vou MONEY in Labor, Time and floor cleaning materials. Of course the Savings accomplished in preventing accidents is incalculable and far beyond all worth of dollars. Doirt delay until a common floor accident, that could have been easily and economically prevented, claims one of vour employees before you have this protec tion. Write TODAY, stating the types of flooring in your plant and floor problems you encounter and 1 well gladly arrange a FREE demonstration of one of our Industrial machines at your convenience. J LINCOLN-SCHLUETER FLOOR MACHINERY COMPANY, INC. 237 W. Grand Ave. Chicago, III. \lb S7C/RieUBLSI-NWCAXOESL --N PTOwLinISDHiEscS dJfe best ground is a cold water pipe -system. If this is not available, a proper ground must be made to permanent moisture, using large copper wire to provide against mechanical injury destroying the ground. A system of grounded combs installed near the release of belts from pulleys, particularly wooden pul leys, is good, but the belts should be covered with a conducting dressing ap plied frequently, containing lamp black or graphite and varnish with carbon te trachloride as a thinner. In some plants a SO-SO solution of glycerin and water has given excellent results. In a printing plant where strong static charges were in evidence, they were overcome by placing a few strands of tin sel. made of thin copper attached to a thread and suspended across the ma chine. both over and under the paper as it left the printing press. Of course, everything possible should he done to eliminate dust and flamma ble vapors from buildings where static charges are detected. After every remedy has been applied for grounding to remove static charges, careful tests should be made with an electroscope or other device to see that the desired results have been obtained. These tests should be continued at least monthly. The Proof? (Continued from page 16) outside of the gas and electric field. Time after time, members of the Com pany's first aid crews have happened to he near the scene of some accident and have given of their expert knowledge to save the lives of the victims. Educational work is carried on un ceasingly by tie Safety Engineer and his assistants. Warning posters and plac ards are displayed throughout the sys tem. Meetings are held. Awards are given for freedom from accidents. Con struction work is inspected to enforce both Company and State safety require ments. Accidents that do happen are analyzed to make known avoidable causes. Rule books and manuals of in structions in first aid are issued. Every thing humanly possible is done to elimin ate inattention, poor judgment, haste, improper planning, disobedience of rules, recklessness, inexperience and unskill fulness, and other contributing causes of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. A patrol wagon isn't much of a car, but it'll do in a pinch. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS i in a ii iin u a m Speed Without Hazard! (Continued from page 14) !is ,i 1 lm, aa m a r r i i i i i m i . other safety devices, which complied with specifications and requirements prescribed by the Commission. At pres ent there are 10,254 miles of road, 19,770 miles of track, and 9,155 locomotives and motor cars equipped with automatic train-stop, train-control, or eab-signal devices. The laws above described contain all of the authority which the Commission is permitted to exercise to promote safe ty on railroads. In so far as equipment and practices come within the scope of laws administered by the Commission, the improvement has been gratifying. The results of these laws have been two-fold: That they have promoted safety in large measure is abundantly proved; that they have been equally effective in promoting efficiency in rail road operation is not now questioned. Devices such as automatic couplers and power brakes were workable devices when the laws requiring their use were passed and would no doubt have event ually come into general use, but the ex perience of the carriers in their efforts to regulate the transportation of explo sives proves that it would only have come about after a long period of years, and even then the degree of uniformity and standardization necessary to pro vide adequate safety would have been lacking. For more than two decades the Com mission labored under difficulties in its work to promote safety. There was no regular organized safety movement as at present. Safety agents or superin tendents of safety on railroads had not even been suggested. It was the general view that in accepting employment rail road employees accepted the occupa tional risks, and this view had the sup port of the courts. I speak from ex perience when I say that in those days railroad employees who took the great est chances in the interest of expediting their work were considered the best em ployees. The rule that an employee must take sufficient time to do his work in safety had not been heard of. Since 1888 when regular accident statistics for steam railways were first compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission, there have been numerous changes in the rules for reporting acci dents. For the entire period only gen eral comparisons such as those given regularly in Appendix A of our annual accident bulletin can be made. For illus tration, some examples must be given. In 1890, out of a total of 749.301 rail road employees, 2,451 were killed in the performance of their duties. In 1935 this had been reduced to 600 killed out of a total of 1,013,654 employees. In 1890. 286 passengers were killed, while in 1935 there were but 30, 18 of which were passengers on trains. In 1890 one passenger was killed for each 41,426,000 miles traveled, while in 1935 one pas senger was killed for each 616,983,000 miles traveled. To travel this distance at 1,000 miles per day would require 1,690 years. During 1935 not a single passenger was killed in a collision or de railment, I do not wish to leave the impression that the present remarkable safety rec ord on American railroads is wholly due to the safety regulations administered by the Ihterstate Commerce Commis sion. Far from it. T do say, however, that in so far as the particular devices and practices covered by these regula tions are concerned, they have proved a pretty complete remedy and have also helped to make railroad officials and em ployees safety conscious. Ever since the enactment of the first law for the promo tion of safety on railroads the Commis sion has earnestly sought the coopera tion of railroad officials and employees, and for more than a quarter of a century it has received such cooperation to a re markable degree. The results are shown in our annual reports and in our quarterly accident bulletins. Those results show conclusively that at the present time travel by railroad is the safest known means of transportation. The Mvtor Carrier Act. I shall briefly discuss the safety provisions of the Mo tor Carrier Act for two reasons. They are to be administered by the Commis sion and accidents resulting from colli sions between trains and automobiles are now investigated by our Bureau of Safety. Under the provisions of the Motor Carrier Act of 1935 a new phase of safe ty work has been assigned us. Section 204 of this act directs the Commission to regulate the safety of motor trans portation by establishing reasonable re quirements governing "qualifications and maximum hours of service of em ployees and safety of operation and JANUARY- 1937 THIS "SHOE OF THE MONTH" IS THE LATEST NUMBER IN THE SAFETY FIRST LINE. STYLE 9634-- GENUINE BLACK KID ! WITH STEEL BOX TOE. SAFETY FIRST SHOES MAKE FRIENDS AND OUR SERVICE KEEPS THEM. LET US ASSIST YOU TO SET NEW 1937 SAFETY RECORDS. FILL IN ATTACHED COUPON 1 H TO RECEIVE A COPy OF OUR NEW CATALOG. Safety First Shoe Company HOLLISTON MASS. SAFETY FIRST SHOE COMPANY Ifolliston, .Mass, Gentlemen: Please semi me a copy of your new catalog. Name................................. .......................................... Address.............. City and State. 78 A NATIONAL SERVICE for PRODUCTION -SAFETY Members of and Distributors of ASSOCIATED GUARD MANU FACTURERS pool their products and facilities to the end of giving a national service: (1) on standard approved safety equipment for me chanical hazards: a (2) removal of industrial health hazards from dust or fumes, and (31 supplying safety apparel from bead to foot. [EVERY POINT of OPERA TION guard is placed on the [proposition of being the ' REST for its particular pur pose without affecting out put. Refund of money paid will be made on written disap| proval of any state or iusur[ance inspector. [ALL EXHAUSTS for colSleeting dust or fumes at [source and pneumatic elean[ing equipments are guaran is [teed to be in full compliance ^ 1 with all codes of the state, I requirements of eompensaition carrier, also specificaItions of the American Stand[ ards Association. j (All apparel is guaranteed of ^)best quality. Inquiries arc solicited. Informa tion freely given without obligation. Members of and distributors of ASSOCIATED GUARD MANUFACTURERS Central Office 4139 W. Kinzie St. Chicago, III. BRAINTREE. MASS. IMrcct B*l fns: president I'tond BROOKLYN, N, Y. Bnrtv Mfjx. On., Inc, ddr-ssth Street BUFFALO, N, Y, Frontier Meter Works iifiZclwnn.1 CHICAGO, ILL. Bitrty Aifjr. t`o., loe, W Klnzle Bt. CLEVELAND, OHIO F.-.fltire Bafety Mfff. 44.08 Perkin* CLEVELAND. OHIO The Safety Clothing Ox ;:$04 Payne Are, HOLLISTON, MASS. Safety 11 rit Bln>e Co. NEW YORK, N, Y. Allen Ulllrovre East 42hd Bt. PHILADELPHIA. PABurewav itfg. Co. Fox L Clearfield B?, SEATTLE. WASH. II, Paeon 515 K. Proaiwct ST, LOUIS, MO. St. Lout* Plow Pipe < H*48 North ytli Bt. WEST BEND, WIS. ling. Work* IN SAFETY THE BEST IS NONE TOO GOOD equipment" of common and contract car riers in interstate commerce by high way. These broad powers open up a new field of activity and present very diffi cult administrative problems. Of course the scope of the Commission's work un der the Motor Carrier Act will cover only a small fraction of the 26,000.000 motor vehicles on our streets and high ways, probably at the outset not more than 200,000 vehicles, but the results of our work will have a marked effect over the entire safety field. In the preparation of regulations gov erning safety on the highways our Bu reau of Motor Carriers has been in touch with the National Safety Council and many of its affiliated organizations and welcomes their assistance. A public hear ing was held in September in Washing ton. The record made is under consid eration and as soon as practicable an order will be issued making effective the initial safety regulations applicable to common and contract motor carriers. Some of the major items in the Com mission's work in this field which will require consideration are a more gen eral adoption of recognized safe driving practices; development of competent drivers; proper limitation on hours of service; improvement of equipment; bet ter inspection and maintenance; greater uniformity as to maximum permissible size and weight of motor vehicles; care ful study of the causes of accidents: and recommendations or regulations to prevent similar accidents in the future. The regulations which will be necessary to accomplish this must be based on ex perience and study but they must be adequate to control the loss of life on the highways which far exceeds that in any other industry. We must not assume that the ques tion of safety on railroads has been solved for all time. Due to legislative action and the splendid spirit of coop eration between the government, the railways, and the railway employees which has been developed in the admin istration of safety laws and rules, prob lems affecting safety have been met as they have arisen and the record is one of which all may be proud. But the question is still here anS de mands the best thought of all of us. Established means of transportation are passing through a period of evolution, if. in fact, it is not one of revolution, and rew means are being established, some of which are admittedly far more haz ardous and present problems far more difficult than any encountered in the past. The principal hazards in all forms of transportation, which must be controlled if reasonable safety is'to be provided, are due to the public desire for speed for which adequate safety provisions have not been made To meet this desire high way transportation on the open road crowded with vehicles operated by who ever happens to own them and controlled by hand is speeded up to compete with railroad transportation over a private highway where all vehicles are mechan ically or automatically controlled, and the results are disastrous. Railway transportation is being speeded up to compete with transportation by air, and air transportation is daily being speeded up to establish new speed records in competition with itself, and the price of it all is shown in the accident records. Last year 37,000 persons were killed and more than 1,000.000 were injured in motor vehicle accidents. These in clude 3,933 grade-crossing accidents in which 1,680 persons were killed and 4.6S8 persons were injured. Of these crossing accidents, 1.372, in which 338 persons were killed and 2,018 were in jured. were caused by motor vehicles running into the sides of trains. Train speeds of 100 miles per hour, which is 146.6 feet per second, are now Safety directors and other practical executives will be interested in the low dust count, ease of maintenance and other evidences of effi ciency which distinguish Parsons Dust Collecting systems and are reflected in an enviable record of repeat orders. Write for Bulletin DA-5. PARSONS ENGINEERING CORPORATION 6S36 Carnegie Ave. Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS common on a number of railroads. In many States heavy motor vehicles are required by law to stop before crossing a railroad track. At many crossings trucks with trailers, which perhaps may be car rying flammables or other dangerous commodities, would be struck before they could get across a multiple track railroad by a high-speed train which was not within the range of the driver's vision when he started across the tracks, and the train could not be stopped be fore reaching the crossing by an emerg ency application of the brakes made as soon as the crossing came within range of the engineer's vision. There is only one remedy for such a situation, namely, grade separation, and this should be the immediate objective wherever such trains are operated. Wilkes-Barre, October 20. More than 200 employees and their guests attend ed. The 12 years represented a total of 1.877,557 man-hours. The last reportable injury' occurred August 28, 1924. Among the speakers at the banquet were John E. Long, Superintendent of Safety and Past-President of the Na tional Safety Council; Patrick Mona han, President of the Independent As sociation of Car Men of Hudson; Carl Dierks, Chief Car Inspector; Guy A Smith, Manager. Metropolitan Life In surance Company. Wilkes-Barre Dis trict, and Father Joseph Paddon, who at one time had been employed at Hud son under Foreman T. H. Smailes. Baseball Film Aids Safety Campaign Everything for Safety from an Asbestos Suit to a Pair of Goggles o HEAD PROTECTION BODY PROTECTION EYE AND NOSE Banquet Celebrates CAPITALIZING upon the interest HAND AND ARM boys and men have in baseball, the Maine Highway' Safety Campaign is LEG AND FOOT Twelve-Year Record utilizing a combined safety and baseball moving picture show throughout the HE completion of 12 years without T a reportable injury to any of the state with most pleasing results. Through the cooperation of Aetna 60 car department employees of theCasualty & Surety Company, Don Bren Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corpora tion was celebrated at a banquet and reception in the Hotel Redington, nan, Maine's only major leaguer and a member of the Cincinnati Reds pitching staff, has been employed and assigned to the campaign. Brennan uses the official American League sound film "Take Me Out To The Ball Game," together with "THE ANSWER TO safety movies. The baseball picture is a contribution of the Fisher Body Cor INDUSTRIAL poration. Much emphasis is being placed upon "Father & Son" Nights and later "Base DERMATITIS" ball Clinics" will be held in many schools to help youngsters improve their game and incidentally to place before this a 20 page book avail group of drivers their responsibilities on the highway. able without charge to ('lie response to this activity' has been any interested industry. most gratifying. Legion posts, men's clubs, college groups and industrial gatherings are booked for showings The Milbuni Co. is tin- only company specializing in the prevention of Industrial Derma titis with a medical background and with a practical industrial application. throughout the winter months and a tre mendous impetus has been given safety work in many areas. One noticeable re sult is that more parents are instructing their youngsters before turning over the family car to them. N. Y. Central President WELDING PROTECTION AND MANY OTHER ITEMS TODAY no one questions the need of protecting your employees against injury. Considered from any angle, PROTECTION is cheaper and better than COMPENSATION. THERE ARE only two questions: First --"What type of safety equipment is best for each hazard?" Second-- "Where dinll I buy it?" WE HAVE both answers. FIRST--< >ur lone experience as design ers. manufacturers and distributors of safety equipment enables us to give sound and helpful advice on all phases of this problem. Safety Direc tors and other executives in many mills have expressed their apprecia tion of our constructive suggestions. SECOND-----We carry in stock, or make up quickly on your order, EVERY THING for SAFETY --from an Asbestos Suit to a Pair of Goggles. Send for this Booklet MILBURN CO. Mfrs. of Ply Protective Products 905 Henry St. Detroit, Mich. Honored by Yalemen II e urge you to call on us, URING the week before Christ D mas 300 Yale alumni gathered in Montclair. X. j., to honor F. E. Wil liamson. president of the New York for we knou' that we can serve von well! THE Central Lines. Mr. Williamson i Vale SAFETY CLOTHING CO.'98) received the .Montclair Yale Bowl which is awarded annually to the Vale- Manufacturers man "who has made his Y in life." 3801 Payne Ave. Cleveland, Ohio JANUARY, 1937 80 Something's MISSING HERE guard every fire hazard. There is no economy in sparing the extinguisher and spoiling the factory. It is equally poor safety policy to have the wrong extinguisher. Let's be specific--in the oil storage room, pic tured above, carbon-dioxide protection is essential. Ordinary extinguishers are helpless before flammable liquid fires. LUX carbon-dioxide snow-andgas snuffs them out in a few seconds . . . in a fast-expanding cloud that reaches every remotest inch of the fire area. LUX extinguishers use the fastest known extinguishing agent, LUX car bon-dioxide snow. It is clean, dry and harmless to man or materials. 'Von may use LUX on the most delicate electrical equipment without the slightest damage. If you have flammable liquids stored in your plant, protect them with LUX extinguishers. Here is a ease where anything less than LUX protection is no protection at all. You can buy LUX fire extinguish ers ranging from 2 to 100 lbs. of carbon-dioxide capacity. For in formation und prices, write to Walter Kitide & Company 21 West Street Bloomfield, N. J. For All Electrical and Flammable Liquid Fi res Safety on Public Works (Continued from page 50.) on their projects, in most instances, projects financed in whole or in part from Federal Emergency Relief funds are conducted under the direct supervi sion of superintendents employed by the sponsors, who are in no way relieved of responsibility for maintaining safe work ing conditions and preventing accidents. Regular inspections of all operating projects are made by members of the state and district safety staffs. Notices of observed infractions of safety regula tions and of unsafe conditions are imme diately dispatched to responsible author ities, together with recommendations for their corrections, since the safety inspec tors serve in an advisory capacity only. Buildings to be occupied by project workers must be inspected and approved before their use is permitted. Since many premises used by sewing projects and other similar indoor activities are donated for this purpose, every precau tion is taken to see that they are safe for occupancy. All trucks and other mechanical equip ment are inspected frequently to insure their safe operation. In this connection it should be mentioned that in many localities where other means of trans portation are not available, it is neces sary to transport workers to and from remote projects by trucks. This prac tice involves many unusual hazards and the most rigid standards of passenger safety are maintained. Safety devices and appliances are pro vided and used wherever necessary in hazardous undertakings. These include goggies of all kinds, safety belts and fines, respirators, gas masks, safety helmets and other equipment. Adequate first aid facilities are main tained for all workers, including the ser vices of a person certified as competent to administer first aid. Many thousands of relief workers have been given first aid training by the United States Bureau of Mines and the American Red Cross, to fit them to properly perform this im portant duty on projects. First aid kits and refills, which must conform with standard specifications, are purchased in large quantities in each state. Regular conferences and meetings are held in every district to instruct super visors and foremen in safe methods and safety procedure. Operating executives are fully advised that they will be held strictly responsible for preventable acci dents involving workers under their su pervision, and are impressed with the fact that the success of safety effort de pends largely upon their leadership and good example. The last, but by no means the least, accomplishment during the present program has been the further develop ment of a simple accident reporting sys tem. that provides Washington and the state headquarters pertinent information on accident causes throughout the coun try. By means of this efficient reporting service it is possible to analyze the more prevalent causes of accidents and to for mulate corrective measures. In this way the safety organization in each state is able to profit from the experience in other states and to more effectively pro mote its own safety effort. The Works Progress Administration has now completed over a year of its activities. During this time more than three million persons have been employed, working over three billion man-hours on nearly one hundred thousand operating projects. This is undoubtedly the great est single peace-time occupational ex posure on record, yet it is believed that the lost-time injury and fatality fre quency rates will continue to compare favorably with those in private industry and other branches of the government service. It will be noted that the pro portion of accidents attributable to each of the twelve classified causes shown in the accompanying charts, nearly con forms with the experience in similar oper ations conducted by private enterprise. As a result of the prompt and efficient work done by this splendid safety organ ization and the willing cooperation of work supervisors in adopting measures of accident prevention, the Civil Works Administration ended its operations in April. 1934. with lost-time injury and fatality frequency rates much lower than had been expected by many at the start of the program. Aside from the purely humanitarian aspects of providing safe working con ditions for this large number of employ ees, it should be recognized that a very valuable contribution is also being made to the industrial safety movement. Many of these relief workers have never before received safety training. Through the effort that is made to guard them against accidental injury in their present employment, they are becoming safetyminded in the truest sense of that term. Many of these workers will eventually enter the ranks of private industry. When that time comes they will carry with them a knowledge of safe practice which should make them capable and preferred employees. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 81 ^dfon&uRtilL Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man-hours, or 300 working days, are invited for this department Central Illinois Electric & Gas Co. With an average force of 34 employees, the Line Department of the Central Illinois Elec tric & Gas Company, Rockford, 111., worked from June 3, 1932 to May 14, 1936, without a disabling injury. A total of 237,328 man-hours was worked during this period. Consolidated Cigar Corp. The Casing and Packing Departments of the Consolidated Cigar Corp. plant at Poughkeep sie, N. Y., with an average force of 75 em ployees, has operated for more than eight years under the direction of M. C. Boesch, general manager, without a disabling in jury. The num ber of man-hours during this period totaled 1,118,720 man-hours. Lever Brothers Co. On December 5, 1936, the Cambridge, Mass., plant of Lever Brothers Company had operated a total of 1,269,909 man-hours since July 31. 1936, without a disabling injury. The record was still unbroken at the time of re porting. The best previous record among those sub mitted by the soap manufacturing industry to the National Safety Council was 1,200,731 man-hours made in 1933 by the Procter and Gamble Manufacturing Company at the Port Ivory Plant, Staten Island, N. Y. Ralstona Purina Co. The following records are reported by plants of the Ralstona Purina Company: Battle Creek, Mich. Manufacturing and packing flaked and shredded cereals, this plant has operated since August 25, 1932 (over 578,000 man-hours) without a disabling in jury. Only one lost-time case (2 days lost) since October 1, 1929. Winner of the Purina Interplant Contest for Class "A" plants in 1933-34 and again last WILLI'S SVfiRLSAftlv year, this plant has operated six periods of twelve months each without a disabling injury since 1928. For the fiscal year 1935-1936 this plant averaged 112 employees, Nashville, Tenn. Afanufacturing animal and poultry feeds, this plant is also a six time win ner of our trophy for twelve perfect months. No disabling injuries since February 1935, when this plant broke a record of over 650,000 man-hours, they have now operated over 246,000 safe man-hours in 17 months. Ry-Krisp Plant, Minneapolis, Minn, Another six time winner of the company's "No Accident Year'' trophy, this plant has operated since August 1934 without a disabling injury. On November 1, 1936 this amounted to. ove 394.000 man-hours. Winner of our Class "A" Interplant Contest in 1930-31 and in 19.341935. Woodstock, Ontario, Making animal and poultry feeds since February 2, 1933 (over 264.000 man-hours) without a disabling injury. Winner of the Class "B" trophy in 1935-36 and six times winner of the "No Accident Year" trophy. The first plant in the organiza tion to work twelve consecutive months with out a disabling injury. This first year was completed on March 13, 1929. St, Johnsbury, Vermont. Winner of our Class "C" Contest in 1935-36, A six times winner of our "perfect year" trophy and their last disabling injury reported in July 1931. This plant has now made animal and poultry feeds for over five years (more than 156,000 man-hours) without a disabling injury. Standard Lime and Stone Co. Tiie bridge plant of The Standard Lime and Stone Company at Havre de Grace, Md., com pleted three years of operation without a dis abling injury on November 10, 1936, on which date the record had not been broken. This stone crushing plant, which employs approxi mately 137 men worked 411,826 man-hours during the three-year period. In the contin uous safety campaign, prizes are awarded to foremen, badges to the men, and all workers are entertained by the company at banquets. fcusurdtA. Of Interest to Safety Men JANUARY, 1937 April 13-15, New York City Eighth Annual Convention, Greater New York Safety Council. (Hotel Astor.) Julier H. Harvey, executive vice-president. Greater New York Safety Councii, 60 East 42nd Street, New York City. June 3, La Crosse, Wis. Second Annual Upper Mississippi Valley Safety Conference. Secretary, W. F. Oppermann, c/a La Crosse Vocational Schools, La Crosse, Wis. October 11-15, Kansas City, Mo. National Safety Council, Twenty-sixth National Safety Congress. W. H. Cameron, managing director, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago. New Small-Size EXTINGUISHER Shows Speed in Killing TRUCK FIRES 'T'HEY drenched this truck's -* engine with gasoline, then tossed a match in. A pair of men with stop-watches gave the signal to a man who held a small fireextinguisher. In 3 seconds it was all overt This little fire-killer poured a minia ture blizzard of carbon-dioxide suow over the motor and the fire was out in a snap of your finger. The new LUX Model Two, about half the size of a baseball bat, is an extinguisher with a real wallop against fire. It uses LUX carbondioxide snow, the fastest known extinguishing agent. It kills fires by snuffing them out, smothering them. For sure-handed, fast-moving pro tection on truck ficcts, company ears, LUX Model Two is your answer. It extinguishes electrical fires as well as gasoline blazes. And LUX won't do a trace of damage. We suggest you send for our new booklet, giving information on the complete line of LUX extinguish ers. Write today to Walter Kidde & Company 11 West Street, Bloomfield, N. J. For AH Electrical and Flammable Liquid Fires 82 WITH THE MANUFACTURER Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published Float Operated Switch Controls A simple float-operated switch for the cheeking or control of liquid levels has recently been developed by McDonnell & Miller, Wrigley Building, Chicago. The working mechanism, as shown by the ac companying cut-away view, consists of a tpercury switch inside of the float which Sound Absorbent Telephone Booth A new dc luxe phone booth, utilizing a sound absorbent lining instead of wood panels, is the latest development of the Burgess Battery Company, Acoustic Divi sion, 111 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois. New Shoe Sole The S. & K. Rubber Co. Lima, Ohio arc announcing a new shoe sole and heel for the wearers of heavy shoes. The illus tration shows an enlargement of the in is attached to the head by means of a flexible metallic bellows. As the float switch moves through its arc, the mercury switch makes and breaks contact. The unit shown in the illustration can be screwed in a horizontal position di rectly into a tank or vat at any desired height. When the liquid level reaches a height that will move the float, the mer cury switch makes contact to sound an alarm, light a warning light, or may be used to start up a motor operated pump or other electrical device. It may also be installed at a pre-determined low level to cut in a motor-pump unit or sound an alarm, as required. This particular unit is used as a low water cut-off switch to stop an oil burner or stoker when the boiler water level falls to the danger point. A device of similar design is equipped with a three wire switch so that it makes one circuit and breaks another when the float is moved through its arc by rising or falling liquid level. Used as a low-level switch, for in stance, it can be made to start a pump and sound a low-level alarm, or used as a high-level switch it can be wired to stop the same pump and sound a high-level alarm. On oil storage tanks the threewire type will sound a low-oil alarm and stop the oil burner. Another, set at the high level, will indicate when the tank is filled. Mew Mon-Metallic Belt Lacing The Sudbury Laboratory, South Sud bury, Massachusetts announce a new nonmetallic belt lacing for fastening flat belts or V-belts, Made of the strongest fibres, "TekLace" is only O.OSS inches in diameter, but has a tensile strength of 100 pounds, so stales the manufacturer. This is more than 50% stronger than Federal specifica tions for raw-hide H" wide and l4" thick. A three-inch belt fastened with Tek-Lace has a _tensile strength of 2000 pounds at the joint, asserts the manufacturer. The small holes that it requires are pierced through the belting without cutting the fibres. It sets into the belt instead of standing out above the surface and the joint is thus as smooth and flexible as any other part of the belting. The joint takes the curve of the pulley perfectly, and there is no slip ping or bumping to interfere with the transmission of power. Fastenings may he made by means of an ordinary awi or other piercing tool. For quicker applica tion, however, a special piercing tool with gauge and channeling device is avail able. The new booth harmonizes with the fur nishings of hotels, depots, drug and de partment stores. It is open around the base and, states the manufacturer, due to the absorption of the Burgess Acousti-Pad lining, it requires no door. This feature of the design facilitates natural ventila tion and easy cleaning, yet greater privacy is achieved than in ordinary closed booths. Noises which enter the booth are absorbed and sounds from within can only be picked up by the telephone transmitter. It is constructed of steel and the over all height is 8S inches; width 32 inches; depth 4214 inches. A concealed ceiling light is provided with pull chain socket. Two shelves are provided for holding the telephone instrument and directories. Paint Cleaner The Flexrock Company, 800 No. Dela ware Ave.. Philadelphia, Pa. has placed on the market a new paint cleaner known as "Clcanbrite". ft is the contention of the company that it cleans paint easily without odor to disturb the employees and restores the original gloss to the surface cleaned. serted plug "Metal Flex" which is com posed of fine, sharp, flexible steels and, according to the manufacturer's statement, will cut through films of oil, water or grease and have a spring action when pressure from the foot causes them to pro trude and grip. Wire Rope and Cable Sockets Patents recently purchased by the Elec- troline Company, S. La Salic St., Chicago, Illinois apply to a novel method of hold ing the ends of stranded wire ropes or cables by bending them over or around and/or passing them through a tapered metal plug enclosed in a steel body. There are many forms of this device and they have been made applicable to practically every installation where Wire rope and cable is employed. _ They are manufactured for use with all sizes of wire rope and cable from to 1" inclusive. These fittings are made of 1040 S. A. E. Application to Wire Rope Wire rapt passad through sleeve and strands broomd*eut for insertion of tapered plug. itflvt PIU SOCKET Ping driven in and strands dosed to apply socket. CUTAWAY ASSEMItY Socket applied showing the iwisted strands and completed assembly. steel--drop forged, heat treated and ma chined to precise dimensions. They are neat, compact and smaller in size than the hot sockets because the large basket for the hot metal in the old sockets has been eliminated. There is no zinc to. heat. The plug designed to specification is inserted. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 83 The manufacturer states that there is no danger of weakening the wire by annealing due to too hot a metal having been poured, or to the loosening in the socket by too cool a pouring. Metal Roll-Up Garage Door The Kinncar Manufacturing Company, 115 Fields Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, manufacturers of all kinds of roll-up doors, is now making the "All-Steel RoL-ToP" garage door. The door sections are rolled from heavy gauge steel sheets and then galvanized. A roll on the edge of each section provides a continuous, smoothly operating, interlocking hinge and also serves as a substantial reenforcement against deflection or possible warpage. Operating on ball-bearing rollers travel ing in steel vertical and horizontal tracks, the door easily raises up, over, and back, living perfectly counter-balanced by means of two matched tension springs that lay parallel to the horizontal tracks. Vertical tracks are mounted on a continuous angle Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY A Service For Our Readers Now is the time to devote more study to ail types of equipment and products which can lower production costs through factors of safety. Find out now what the market offers. The publications listed below will be sent free and without obligation to readers of National Safety News. Indicate on coupon the publication you desire. assembly to which an adjustable sloping metal weatherstrip is attached. This strip engages the end of the door, forming a "Keystone" scaling arrangement. The doors are made in any size and are fur nished with or without sash. It is said they meet established fireproof require ments, are both strong and weather re sistant. 1Statements published on this page an fbased on the claims of the manufac turer. While the National Safety News caunot guarantee these statements, they are believed to be accurate. Swell Chance Rastus and his wife, driving to town in their decrepit flivver, had parked it casually in the first available space. While they were away a traffic officer attached a number tag to the vehicle for parking in a prohibited zone. On their return, Rastus noticed the tag and was for throwing it into the street, but Dinah restrained him. "Sabe de ticket, honey," she said. "Dat number might win somethin'." Teacher: "Who said. T come to bury Caesar'?" Nervous youngster: "P-please. teacher, the undertaker!" 1. Find the Defect Before the Failure: Four pages with photo graphic illustrations, devoted to a Live Line Insulator Tester describing its construction and method of use. Hailwav & Industrial Engineering Co. 2. Velocity-Power Cable Splicers: A brochure showing two types of self contained and portable cable splicers for distribution systems and power lines. Mine Safety Appliances Co. 3. Safe Housekeeping for Indus try: A folder dealing with the Spencer Portable Vacuum Cleaner and showing its uses and applications in various industrial requirements. The Spcnccr Turbine Co. 4. Erie City Safety Latch: a discus- sion of the safety factors, uses and pur pose of the safety latch on boiler fire doors. Erie City iron Works. 5. The Answer to Industrial Derma titis: A sixteen page booklet giving a detailed discussion of industrial dermatitis-TM various causes, preventions, protective* and illustrated cases by actual photography. Milburn Co. 7. Crusading Against Fire: a small folder detailing specifications of two new fire extinguishers: 2uz gallon Foam Type and Soda-Acid Type. American La France and Foamite Industries, Inc. 8. Allsafe Life Line Grab: fOU( pages illustrating, by photographs and line drawing the applications and uses of a new line grab and its safety factor for use by construction workers, steeplejacks, public utility men, miilrights, etc. American All Safe Co. Inc. 9. Get the Whole Story: a booklet giving the detailed construction of safety shoes. International Shoe Co. 10. Gold Medal Twin-Drum Scaf folds: Bulletin No. TD-1 presents an improved type of scatfoldlng for stone setting under all modern construction conditions. The Patent Scaffolding Co. I I. Burgess Products: Twenty - four pages made up of various bulletins issued at intervals--which covers the com plete listing of products manufactured by The Burgess Industries. 6. Watchman's Clock Systems: A sixteen-page booklet covering a com plete line of apparatus for supervising watchmen. Explains the principle of opera tion, diagrams and specifications of systems. Detox Watchclock Corp. 12. Pulmosan Industrial Safety Equipment: a catalog giving method of use and specifications for a Car boy Truck and Tilter. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. Please have sent to me the publications I have checked: Name. .................................. ............................................................................................... .. . Title.................... ...................................................................................................... ............................. ................................. Tiompnny...................................... ..................................................................... ............................. ................................... Address............................................... ....................................................................... ........................... ............................... JAM!ARY, 1937  84 Safe Driver Awards Complete Unit Type First Aid Service for all plants, public utilities, con tractors, etc. Re fill# according to individual speci fications -- 20 gauge steel con tainer -- conven ient, economical units for indi vidual use, in suring steriliza tion---note open kit for contents. JL \fnj3 ST. 1322 A.E.HALPEnnrai.fc Home. ofjHaJlcoSafety V/iotiuudt& 267 ATLANTIC AVE. BOSTON,MASS. SAFtTY I^DERFOOT rs/jmeans SAVINGS in OVERHEAD Slippery, dangerous walking surfaces are costly. They reduce efficiency-- they foster accidents--they directly increase your operating overhead. Plastic Put-Sure will make walking surfaces safe .. .permanently. For new work or repairs Itprovides the econ omical solution. In your plantthere are many places where this better surface will save money, it will pay to get de tails and prices. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO.t INC. 2076 ColtMe Ave. Niagara Falls, N. Y. PLASTIC FUT'SURE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES ATIONAL Safety Council awards Inland Container Carp., Indianapolis, Ind. N for safe driving, made by members One-year--2. Kerrville Bus Co,, Inc., Kerrville, Texas. of the Council to their drivers, totaledOne-year--8; two-year-- 1. 392 during the period between Novem Kirby's Taxi Service, Sarnia, Ont. Four- ber 6 and December 6. Of this total 218 year-- I. were one-year awards; 76 two-year; 27 three-year; 42 four-year; and 29 fiveyear. Moreiiouse Baking Co., Lawrence, Mass. Five-year--5. Morgan Packing Company, Austin, Ind. Oneyear--T; two-year--4; three-year--4; four-year Members whose drivers received -- 10. awards are as follows: Aero Mayflower Transit Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Two-year--I. Automobile Shippers, Inc., Detroit, Mich. One-year---I. J. E. Bejin Cartage Co., Detroit, Mich. Two-year---1, A. G. Bonne Co.,Atlanta, Ga. Two-year-- National City Bus Lines, Inc., Long Island City, N. Y. One-year--2. National Ice and Coal Co., West Allis, Wis. One-year--1. Oakland Baking Co., Pontiac, Midi. Twoyear--6. (Iklahoma City Mill & Elevator Co., Okla homa City, OfeJa. Two-year--3. Paper Mills Trust Co,, Detroit, Mich. One- Boston Store, Chicago. One-year--.2; twoyear--2. Boutwell Lumber Co., Concord, N. H. Oneyear--2. Bowman Dairy Co.. Highland Park, 111. Oneyear--6; two-year--J; three-year.--i; four-year TMt>; five year--22. John j. Casale, Inc., New York City. One- year---38: two-year--19; three-year--y. Central Canadian Greyhound Lines, Ltd., Calgary, Alberta. One-year--9; two-year--2. Central Illinois Electric & Gas Co., Rock ford, III. Two-year---i. Collins and Aikman Cnrp., Philadelphia, Pa. One-year--"7. The Columbus Railway, Power & Light Co.. Columbus, Ohio. One-year--7; two-year--6; three-year--2; four-year--25. Connecticut Motor Lines, Inc., New Haven, Conn. One-year--10. The Cumberland and Westernport Transit Co., Frostburg, Md. One-year--I. Dalton's Bus Line, Timmons, Ont., Can. Two-year---1. Davidson Baking Co., Portland, Oregon. One-year--18. Dealers Transport Co., Kansas City, Mo. One-year-- Decatur Cartage Co., Decatur, III. One-year ; two-year--2; three-vear--3. Albert Dubeau, Penetang, Ont. One-year---2. Farwest Cab Company, Seattle, Wash. One- year--1. Fleischman's V. M. Bakery, Inc.. Philadel phia, Pa. One-year--I; two-year--2; three- year--1. Peoples Gas Co., Glassboro, N. j. Four- year--1. Red Star Milling Co., Wichita, Kans. One- year--2; two-year--2. Red Top Cab Company, Tacoma, Wash. One-year---2. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. One-year--I?. San Francisco Examiner, San Francisco, Calif. One-year--1. Southeast Arkansas Freight Line, Pine Bluff, Ark. One-year--!. Sperry Flour Company, San Frandsco, Calif. One-year--7: two-year--3. Sutherland Paper Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. One-year-- 3; two-year--2, Tasty Baking Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Oneyear--J; two-year--2. The Toronto Star, Ltd., Toronto, Ont. Oneyear-- 1. Uneeda Taxi, Toronto, Ont. One-vear--1. The United Milk Co., New Britain, Conn. One-year--6. ij. S. Army, Pittsburgh, Pa. One-year--,5; two-year--2; four-year--1. IJ. S. Rubber Products Co., Naugatuck, Conn. One-year--10. The Utah Idaho Central Railroad Co., Ogdcn.Utah. Five-year--i. Alexander Van Koughnet, Collingwood, Ont. One-year--E. Vaughn Baking Co., Bay City, Mich. Oneyear--4. Walgreen Drug Stores, Chicago. One-year year-- 1, I.. D. Fox. Grant's Pass, Ore. One-year--2; three-year--5. Western Transit Co., Hutchinson, Kans. Three-year--1. General Foods Sales Co., Inc., Philadelphia. Pa. Two-year--I. Americans and Englishmen General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. One-year--1; two-year-- 1. Gold Seal Cabs of Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont. One-year--J. Speak the Same Language, BUT-- In America In England Grey Top Cab Company, Seattle, Wash. Windshield is a Windscreen One-year--2. Groveton Paper Co., Inc., Groveton, N. H. One-year--<5. C. F. Happe, Bremerton, Wash. One-year Fenders Top Hood are Mudguards Is a Hood is a Bonnet --1. Battery is an Accumulator Hewitt Cab, Toronto, Ont. One-year--! ; two-year--I; three-year-- 3. Hinckley & Schmitt. Inc., Chicago. Onevear--6: two-year--1; three-year--1; five-year --I. Choke Sedan Gasoline is a Strangler is a Saloon is Petrol --The Car. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 85 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS American Abrasive Metals Co.................. 70 American Mason Safety Tread Co. ...85 American Optical Co.................................. 8 American Telephone & Telegraph Co. 49 Associated Guard Manufacturers ..........78 Boiler Plate Can Be Handled Safely Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co. ..........37 Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc............ .68 Bradley Washfountain Co........................... 65 Buhrke Company, R. H. ........................ ..67 Bullard Company, E. D................ 61 Burnham Laboratories .....................69 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc................... SI Chicago Eye Shield Co................75 Cover, H. S. ...................... ..35 Davis Emergency Equip. Co...................... 5 BOTLER plate can he handled Detex Watch Clock Corp.......... ..................85 safely with Never Slip Safety Dockson, C. H. Co....................... .59 Clamps. Old-fashioned chains orDracco Corporation ................................... ..75 hooks, which have a tendency to Finnell Systems, Inc. ............................... 67 slip, cause accidents to men. These clamps make carrying work over the heads of workmen safe. No time lost in adjusting the hold or forming General Abrasive Co............. .. 84 Halperin Co., Inc., A. E................... 84 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ..71 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. ...33 a balance. Made for horizontal and vertical Industrial Gloves Corp..................................72 Industrial Products Co................. 66 Inland Steel Co.................................................63 lifting. Justrite Mfg. Co. .......____..._____ 74 Write for details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 Grand Central Annex, New York, N. Y. Kidde & Co., Inc., Walter ................... 80-81 Klein & Sons, Mathias......... ...60 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Inc., ........ 3 Libbey-Owens-Pord Glass Co. ................... 4 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co................. 69 Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. ... 76 Macwhyte Co.................... 53 Milburn Co.................................... 79 Mine Safety Appliances Co. .. I. F. Cover National Safety Council, Inc. ...... 39-57 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co........ ..85 Pangborn Corp........................................68 Parsons Engineering Corp. 78 Patent Scaffolding Co....................73 Propellaire, Inc. ........... 76 Pulmosan Safety Equip. .... I. B. Cover Pyroil Co. ........... ........... . 85 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. ........61 Rose Mfg. Co. ........................... 63 Safety Clothing Co............ ..79 Safety Equip. Service Co. ... Back Cover Safety First Shoe Co. ......... ............. 77 Sherwin-Williams Co. ............... 7 Sly, W. W. Mfg. Co. .................... .62 Spencer Turbine Co................... 73 Stonehouse Signs, Inc............. ,59 Tilley Ladder Co., John S..................... 64 Trumbull Mfg. Co.............. 71 The abrasive filled steel base is sup plied in standard widths, lengths as required, usually 6 inches, and may be easily installed around any ma chinery where slipping hazards are present. May he anchored to any type flooring, and provide safe pro tection against slipping. Treads avail able to fit any sized space. Write for samples/ AMERICAN MASON SAFETY TREAD CO. -----------1 owfi |. MASS.- ..... = U. S. Hoffman Machinery Corp. ...... 70 Westinghouse X-Ray Co..................... ,,55 Wiesman Mfg. Co. .................. 70 Williamsport Wire Rope Co............... 2 Willson Products, Inc......................... 1 "But you cannot withdraw your plea of guilty after the case has been heard. How is it you wish to reverse your plea now?" "Well you see, judge, that final speech of my lawyer has convinced me I am innocent." PREVENTION of flro loss Is based on defection of the fire before it gains headway. EARLY detection of a fire is surest when an alert watchman is patrolling his rounds in accordance with your plan. A DETEX Watchclock System is your best assur ance of an alert watchman who Is properly checked and his rounds recorded unfailingly. THIS FACT Is best evidenced by 80,000 Detex Clocks now In use, recording the rounds of a like number of watchmen in 50,000 plants. ASK DETEX to supply Information on a thoroughly modern system that will meet both your present and future needs. DETEX WATCHCLOCK CORPORATION 4159 Ravcnssvood Ave,, Chicago, ill, Beach Street, Boston N.SN-l A HUP* **H8Bn BP** VS & WJ IL I LA US Vnriek Street, New Turk Hnom 8011. 122 .Marietta St., Atlanta AS MUCH AS 90% Increase in Film Strength Reduced Surface Tension Lowered Temperatures Increased Power Output The decided improvement in operation effected when Pyroil is added to the regular lubricants used has caused the adoption of this famous super-lubricant by the largest industries and plants in this country and many others. Pyroil readily proves its efficiency. Its cor rosion inhibiting qualities alone make it desirable for the protection of many present day metals and alloys. Write for interesting facts. No obligation. Manufactured and Guaranteed by Pyroil Company, W. V. Kid der. Founder, 267 LaFoIlctte Ave., LaCrossc, Wis., U. S. A. JANUARY, 1937 86 The Buyers' Service All firms listed below are advertisers in this issue-^See Advertisers' Index Page 85. x Accident Prevention .Service National Safety Council. Inc, .Abrasives American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co, General Abrasive Co. Pangbom Corp. .Adhesive Tape and Plaster Remover Alarms, Fire Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Ampoules, First Aid Mavis Emergency Equip. co. Anemometers Bullard Company. l. D., Mine Safety Appliances co. Aprons , miilarti Company, c. iT i>avis Emergency Equipment ,o., Inc. Industrial uioves curp. industrial Products Co. .Mine Safety Appliance* to. Pamdiom corp, iMimosan Safety Equipment i orp, safety Clothing co.. fue Safety Equipment sendee co., The Arresters, Dust Associated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company. K B. I'jraeeo Corporation Pangbom coin. Slv Mfg. Co., W. M. Awards, Prixc Mine Safety Appliance* co. Badges and Buttons Bullard Company, e, D. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hncs. Tool, Linemen Buhrke company, U. H. Bullard Company, b. It Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products to. Pulmosan Safety Equipment corp. Safety Equipment service to., The Beits, Linemen Buhrke Company, it. n, Bullard Company,. E. It Davis Emergency Equipment On., Inc. Industrial Product* to. Klein & Sons, Mathias . Mine Safety Appliances to. Pulmosan Safety Equipment f ,nrp, Safety Clothing Co.. 'The Safety Equipment service Co., The Betts, Safety Buhrke Company, U, 1L Buiiard Company, L. D. Davit Emergency Equipment Co., inc. industrial Products co, i icin .t Sons, Mathias Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimrsan Safety Equipment Safety ' clothing co.. Tiie Safety Equipment Service Co., The Belts. Tree Trimming Uiihrke company, it, H. Bullard Company, K. D, Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Belts, Window Cleaning Buhrke Company it. 11. Bullard Company, E, FT Industrial Products Co, .Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment corp. Bose Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing Co., The Blankets, Fireproof Buiiard Company, , D, Pavia Emergency Equipment Co,, me. industrial Product# On. Mine safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment Servico Co., The Blanket*, Linemen Blockers, .Mine Car iixiiiMrlnl Prouuri* Co. Mini* safety Appliance* Co. Pujmnsan safety Equipment Corp. Blockers, Railroad Car Bullard Company, E, D, Industrial Products t o, Safety Equipment Sendee Co., Tiie Blowers, Hose Musk Bullard Company, E. LC Bans Emergency Equipment t''a,, Inc. Blowers, Portable, Electric Associated Guard Manufacturers Pitnghom corp. Spencer Turbine Co, Buckets, Hoisting: Buhrke Company, it H. Bullard Company, E, Diiavi* Emergency Equipment ine. Bulletin Boards Bullard Company, B, l, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment * 'orp. Safety Equipment setae# Co., The C t uns, Oil Bullard Company, B. D. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment 8etace Co., The Cans, Waste Bullard Company, E, i>. liavis Emergency Equipment inc. Industrial Product# Co. histrlt# Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances CoPulmoian safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Dr*,, Til# Chain, Factory Chairs, Posture Chairs, Safety, Boatswain Buiiard Company. S. i). Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Clamps, Rail industrial Products Co, Pulmosan Safely Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Clamps or Sockets Never slip Safety Clamp Co. Cleaning: Equipment Abrasive Pangbom Corp. (.`leaning Systems, Vacuum Gsoeiated Guard Manufacturers Spencer Turbin# Co. Clothing for Industrial Workers--See Aprons, Gloves, Ham! Leathers, Loggings, Shoes Clothing, Arid Proof industrial Product# Co. Clothing, Fireproof Bullard Company, S, P. Pavla Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. industrial Gloves Carp, industrial Products Corp. Mine safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp, Safety Clothing Co., The .Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Clothing, Linemen Clothing, Weatherproof Bullard Company, E. P. Davis Emergency Equipment Pa,, Inc. -mimusmhii uniin wuip. Industrial Product# Co. Mine ftafetv Appiianres Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment * `orp. Safety nothing Co,, The Safety Equipment Service Co, The Collector*, Dust Associated Guard Manufacturer* Drawn Corporation Pangbom Carp. Parsons Engineering Corp. sly Mfg. co., w. w. Compounds, Cleaning imiuitrtal Product# Co. safety Clothing Co., The Containers. Llxploslve Liquid Bullard Company. E. p. Dayii Emergency Equipment Industrial Product# Co. iuitrlte Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safely Equipment * 'OTpSafety Equipment Service Co,, Tiie O Detectors, Gas Bullard Company, K. D. DaCvois., EInmce, rgency Equipment Mine Safety Appliances Co. Detectors, Indicators, Recorders, Carbon Monoxide Bullard Company, E !> Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Ine, Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Detectors, Pyrotnnntc Min# Safety Appliances Co. Disinfectants and Deodorants Miibure Co. Dust Control Systems Associated Guard Manufacturers Brace# corp. Pangltom Corp, Canon* Engineering Corp. sir Mfg. co,r \v. \v. Dust Counter SVtUson Product*. Inc. Dusters, Rock .Mine Safety Appiianees Co. 12 Emblems, Safety Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Exterminator, Rodent Extinguishers, Fire Buiiard Company, fi, D. Kidd# & Co., Ine., Walter Mine Safety Appliances r:s, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Eyesight Surveys P Fans, Exhaust Associated Guard Manufacturer* i'angiwro Corp. Propellalre, inc. Sly Mfg. i o,: W. W, Films or Slides, Safety, For Rent and Sale National Safety Council, inc. First Aid Equipment miiilnger.Koehler Mfg. To. inc, Buiiard Company. K. D. Burnham Laboratories Burroughs-Welkom# Co., lU.S-AA Inc, Davi* Emergency Equipment co., inc. ilalperin Co., ine.. A, E, llynsm. Westeott & Dunning, Inc. Industrial iToducts Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. IMImosan Safely Equipment CO, Safety Clothing Co.. Tiie Safety Equipment Serrlce, Co., The Flags, Danger Bulirk# Company, It, H Bullard Company, K D induitriai Product# ro. litfriy Equipment Service Co.. Tim Stonehoui# Signs, Inc. Flashlights, Permissible Bullard Company, H D. Davis Emergency Equip. t!o. Induitriai Product# Co. Floor Cleaning Machines, Electric Flnnell Svstems, Inc. Lmeoln-Sehlueter Flo.r Machinery Co. Flooring Material, Safety American Abrasive Metal* Co. AmTOer,ican Mason Safety Thead Associated Guard Manufacturer* General Abrtilr# Co, industrial Product* Co. inland Steel Go, Footwear, Rubber Bullard Company, tL D, industrial Product* C<v l^high Safety Sim# To. Mine Safety Appiianees Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment corp. Fountains. Drinking, Faetory Bradley Waihfuuutaln Co, Fumigants G Germicides Germicides, Tutting Oil Mlihum Co. Glass, Safety American Optical Company Assrdated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company. E. i), Chicago Bv# shield Co, industrial JToducts t:a. F4bbey-n<>n#-Trd Glass t.*o. Min# ftafetv Appliance# ro. Puimosati Safety Equipment Torp. Safety t iothing To , The safety Equipment Serrice t'o,, 'rite Wiiiion t*rouuets. Inc, Gloves and Mittens Bullard Company, c D, Chicago Evo Shield Co. Maris Emergency Equipment To,, ine. Industrial Glnre* Torp. Industrial Products ra, Min# .safetv Appliances t.o, Panglwm t'orp. Pulmosan Safetv Equipment Torp. Safety nothing Co.. Tli# Safety Equipment Senlce Co,, The Goggles American tiptieal company Associated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company, K. D. Chicago By# Shield Co, Cover, If. H Davl* Emergency r^iuipment t.!o,, inc. Drekson Co., tJ, H. Industrial i'roduct* Co, Mine Safety Appliances To, Pulmosan Bsfety Equipment Corp. Safety nothing to., sit# Hafety Equipment Setae# Co.. 'Tli# Willson Products, Inc. Gongs, Sirens, Horns and other Signaling Devices Bollard Company. B. n, industrial Producti To -Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Gratings, Safety Guards. Chip and Spark Associated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company, fr. )>, Chicago E>v Shield Co industrial Products to, safety nothing Co,, Tiie saTfeot,y, Eruqeuipment Bervie# Guards for Edged Tools Buhrk# <k., Tt, 11, Guards, Flywheel Associated Guard Manufacturers llamngton * King Perforating induitriai Products To, Hilliard Company, K. D. Chicago kv# Shield Co, Industrial Product* cv Mine Bsfety Appliance# to, I'ulmcsan Safety Equipment f?orp. Safety ( ioUilng Co., !nie Safety Equipment Setae To,, Tiie Associated Guard Manufacturer Industrial Product# Co. Guards. Grinding Whee Associated Guard Manufacturer industrial Product# Co, Associated Guard Mamifacturi industrial Product# (to. Safety Equipment Serrlce To., The Guards, Kick Press Associated Guard Manufacturers Guards, Portable Lamp Guards, Lathe Associated Guard Manufacturers Guards, Pinner Associated Guard Manufacturers Gunrds, Power Press Associated Guard Manufacturers Chicago Kye shield Co. industrial Products Co, Wlesman Mfg. Co. Guards, Lamp, Safety Associated Guard Manufacturers i; .. ,l,iea **uaru Manufacturer# Bullard company, E. T>. Harrington & Ring Perforating iruiiritrfal Product# To. Safety nothing Co,, Tne safety Equipment Serrlce To,, TU# Wiesman Mfg. To, Gunrds, !snw Aasuclateti Guard Manufacturer# Bullarti Company, E. D. Industrial Product# Co, safety Equipment Betace To,, The Guards, Shaper Associated Guarti Manufacturers Industrial Products Co. Guards, Trradle Associated Guard Manufacturer* a Hand (`roam Bullard Company. E. AT iiavis Emergency Equipment To,, Inc. industrial ihrodurts to. Mllbum Tq, Mine Bafety Appliance# To. Safety Ciotldng Co., The Hnt, Safety Bullard Company, E. D. Dari# Emergency Equip. Co. industrial Products Co. Mine Bafety Appliances tio. Pulmosan Bafety Equipment Corp, Safety Clothing Co., Tne Heat Cramp Preventlvea Davis Emergency Equip, To, Fairway Laboratories, Inc. industrial Products Co, HelmetB, Safety American Optical Company Blshlnger-Koehter Mfg. n., inc, Bullard Company. C-. n. Chicago Eye Bhleld Co. Baris Emergency Equipment To., inc. Industrial Product# Co, Mine Safety Appiianees co. Pangborn Corp. ihilmosan Bafety Equipment Torp. Safety f'lotldng Co.. The ^afpty Equipment Service 0-`M Tiie Willson i^oduct#, Ine. Holsts, Electric Holders, Tool Hooks, Safety Belt Buhrke Company, Ft. H. Buiiard Company. E, D, Davis Emergency Equipment TC'-t Inc. induitriai Products Co. Mine Bafetv Appliances Cn, Pulmosan Safety F^iuipmcnt Torp. Bafetv Eipiipment service To., Tiie Hooks, Safety, Hoisting Industrial Products Co. Marwhyte Co. Wiuiamsport Wire Rope Co. Hosnital Equlpraeut Buiiard Company, E. D. Burriuight-Wellcome To., <U.8,A.) Inc. Industrial Prociuct# t?o. Mine Bafetv Appliances Co. safety Equipment Benriee To., The I Inclinntors, Carboy Bullard Company, K, u, industrial Products To. safety Clothing Co., Tiie safety Equipment Service To., Tiie indicators. Flammable Vapor Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment fj-\, ine. Mine Safety Appliances Cn. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 87 THE BUYERS' SERVICE All firms listed below are advertisers in this issue--See Advertisers' Index Page 85. Inlmlntors Bliiunger-Kqciuqr >Ifg. to., ine. Bullard company, IS. !>. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., liic, .Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Insurance J L Ladder Shoes or Feet American Abrmire Metal* i<v American Mason Hafety Tread Associated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company, i*> i>. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial i*roduets Co. Aline Safety Appliance* *'o, Patent SralfnMlntt Co. Pulmosan safety Equip. Carp. Rose Mfg. Co. Safety clothing Co,. Hie Ladders, Safety Bullard Company, E, D. Mine Safetr Appliance* Co. Patent Scatf- itUng Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Carp, Tilley ladder ., .loins H. Lamp Hangers Lamps Safety Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co, Bullard Company, B, D, bam Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Lanterns, Carbide Bullard Company, E. D, linntcrns, Electric Bullard company, B. *, industrial Product* Co. juitnte Mfg. Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Leathers, Hand Bullard company, E, l. Industrial Olorcs Carp. Industrial Producta *'o: Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., Tuo Safety Equipment tjerrtce Co., The Leggings Bullard Company, D. Baris Emergency Equipment co,, Inc, Industrial Gtoree Corn, industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Cu, {`jilmnsan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Safetr Equipment Bertie Co., The Lighting Equipment, Industrial Benjamin Electric ilfg. Co. Line Hose Lockers and Hangers for Clothing Industrial Product* Co. Locks, Lamp Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. saefe&t.y, rEuquipment Semee Lubrication [HtoII Company M Machine*, Floor Clean ing, Electric Finned System*. Ine, t.tucoin-Sehiufier Floor Machinery Coi; Inc, .Markers, Traffic Hafety Equipment Sen lee c,,, Tiie Masks American Optical Company BUlilnger-KirtiUef Mfg. to.. Bullard C'T.nipanT, R. p, Chicago H>e Shield Co, Baris Eim'rgfiicy Equipment <*:. ine. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safetv Appliance* f:. Psagitom orp, Culmoian Safety Equipment Ci rp, >afetv clothing Co;. Tiie Safety Equipment Bmiee Cm, , Tiie Willson lTiHiuets, Ine. Slats, Standing, Safety American Mason Safety Tread Buiiard Company, E, D Dan* Emergency Equipment Co,, ine. Industrial Product* Co, .Metal, Expanded AssoaiatAd Guard Manufacturers .Metnl, Perforated Associated tjuard Manufacturers Harrington k King Perforating .Meters, Light Testing Movers, Hallway Car Bullard Company. E, IX industrial Product* Co, ^afetv Equipment Bertie ;e-4 Tiie O Oxygen Urea thing Apparatus Hhmnger-Kodtler Mfg. Co., Ine, Han* Emergency Equipment Co,, Ine. -Mine Safety Appliance* to, P Pncs, Miners' Lehigh Safety Siio* Cn, Pads, Knee Associated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company. H. DIndustrial more* Corp, Industrial Product* Co Aline safety Appliances vn, rfafetv i.qulpmrnt rwctice Co,. The Paint Shorwin-WlUiama Co, Poster Service Nath nai safety CouwM, itie. Protectors, Arm Bullard company. K. U, Dart* Emergency Equipment rx, Ine, Industrial Oiotes Corp. industrial ('inducts Co. Mina safety Appliance* Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment on*. Safety slothing Co., TJi Hafety Equipment Senrie c,, TIi* Protectors, Finger Park Emergency Equip. Co, industrial (Hove* Coro, industrial Product* to., 'The Safety (nothing Co., Tit# Safety Equipment Bertie co,. The Protectors for Linemen Bullard Company, io, 1), Darla Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Glore* ``orp. industrial Product* Co,, Mm* Hafety Appliance* Co. I'ulmosan Safety Equip, Corp. Safety Equipment Service t ti. The Publlentlons, Safety National Hafety t uuncli, Ine. Pulleys, Fuse Bullard Company. E, D, Industrial Products C, Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Sortie i:,;,, Tit* Pumps, Oxygen BUhlngcr-Ifoeiiler Mfg. t o., ine. Min* Safety Appliance* Co. a Respirators Americas optical company Blihlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., ine, Bullard Company, E. IX t hicago Eye Shield Co, rotpr, li, 8, Dari* Emergency Equipment Co,. Ine, Industrial Product* Co, M*ne Safety Appliance* C, Fangbom Corp, i'ufitn"*o?sp.an Safely iiquipment Pafety nothing Co.. !Tli* Nafett `H(Eiequipment Bertir SVBlson Product*. Inc. Uesuseitntlon Equip ment l.Mshinger-Roehier Mfg. Co., ne, Bullard Company, Ti, D, Dari* Emergency Equipment C:>., Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Hope, Wire Macnhvt Pnmnany Williamsport Wire Itope Co. S Scaffolding, Snfety Patent Bca.(fhitng Co. Screw Drivers, NonSkid Associated Guard Manufacturers industrial Products Co, Seats, Toilet, Sanitary Shades, Eye, Non- brcakable Asirciated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company, fi, D. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Dari* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Clothing Co., The Hafety Equipment seme Co., 7h* Shades, Window, Industrial Shields, Welding Docksaa Co.. O, M. Shoes, Safety, Factory and Foundry Asirciated Guard Manufacturers Bullard Company, E. D, Industrial IT* duct* Co, Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Mine Hafety Appliance* Cu, Safety Equipment Sendee c&,, Ttio Hafety First Shoo Co, Shoes, Wooden Sole Industrial Products Co. Roer Wooden Sole Shoe Co, Safety Clothing Co.. The Signs, Accident Prevention Bullard Company, E U. Industrial Products Co, Mine Hafety Appliances p, Hafety Clothing Co., ine safety Equipment Service Co,. The Stoneiiouse Signs, inc. Sirens and Signals Bullard Company, f?: t>, Industrial Products Co. Sleeves, Rubber Stings, Chain Slings, Safety, Wire Hope Maewhyte Company Williamsport Wire Bone <>*, Soap Soles, Shoe, Non-slip Lima Cord Sole 4 Heel Co. Sterilizing Equipment Straps, Safety Buhrke Company, it, it, Buiiard (company, E. P, Davis Emergency Equipment co., Ine, Industrial Products Co Klein 4 Sons, Mathias Stretcher Units Darts Emergency Equip. Co. Industrial Product* Co, Sweat Hands for toggles Halperln Co,, Inc., A, 1 T Tents, Pneumonia Blthinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc, Mine Hafety Appliance* o, Testers, Fuse Tools, Linemen Bullard Company. E. Eh Dan* Emergency Equipment *:o., inc. indtutriat Products Co, Klein 4 Sous, Mathias Tools, Marking or Stamping Tools, Non-sparking Bullard Pompany, E, b. Industrial i'rodueta t.'o. ihiimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Torches, Blow Ktcln 4 Sons, Mathias Treads, Snfety American Abrasive Metal* Co. American Mason safety Tread Asirciated Guard Manufacturers Industrial Product* Co. inland Steel Co. Trends, Snfety Car Step American Aura*ire Metal* (, American Mason Safety Tread {'(i. Associated Guard Manufacturer* Bullard Company, B. D. Inland Steel Co, Trestles, Safety, Extension industrial Products Co, Patent scaffolding *>, Trophies V Valves, Oxygen Blihinjter-KoGJler ilfg. Co., Ine, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Vending .Machines, Sanitary Ventilating Equipment Associated Guard Manufacturers Dracco Corporation Panrbora CorpSly Mfg. Co., W, W. W Washers, Safety for ((rinding Wheels Industrial products Co, Washroom Equipment. Industrial Bradley Waslifountain c*, Wntehman's Clark Systems ietx iVfttchclock corp. Welding Equipment Davis Emergency Equip, t;o. Wrenches, Hopper ( nr Industrial Product* Co. .Safety Equipment service Co.. The Triimuuu iirg. Co. Wrenches Non-sparking Industrial products Co. Wrenches, Open End Wrenches, Pipe Wrenches, Socket X-Ray Equipment WesUnghoute X Kay Co. Industrial Safety Market a S A SERVICE to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete list o the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not End what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed in formation and catalogs on mate rial to meet your requirements. National Safety News J 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago I Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., J on the following material: J Specifications: <Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices arc wanted.) I K1 ...................................................... ................................................................................... * Company . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. tl Address ........................................................................................................................................................ { Your Name.................................................................................................................................................. JANUARY. 1937 88 JhfL Cbudd&nL (BcUwwud&A. Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council Accidental deaths or all types in October numbered 9,000. This total is only one per cent larger than the com parable total for October, 1935. The slight increase was due entirely to an ad vance of 2 per rent in motor vehicle deaths. All other kinds of accidental deaths remained at the 1935 level. With the addition of October the cumulated total of deaths for this year stands at 91,870, compared with 82,080 for the first ten months of last year--an in crease of 12 per cent. Most of this ad vance came from the large number of excessive heat deaths in July and August. Occupational accidental deaths totaled about 1,S00 in October, the same number that occurred in October. 1935. It is the fourth month this year in which there has been no increase over last year, although increases in employment ap pear to have been fairly steady. The ten months' total of these deaths is now esti mated to Ik 14.500, or only 5 per cent above the total for the first ten monthsof 1935. in the inter-plant contests of community safety councils the October accident frequency rate (per million man hours; was 10.6,3, or 20 per cent lower than the rate for October last year. Days lost per thousand man hours, how ever, went up from 0.78 to 1.24. The january-October averages showed frequency to be 11.86. or 13 per cent less than last year, and severity as 0.81 which is prac tically no change from last year. In three sectional contests conducted by the National Safety Council the trend of frequency was in the opposite direc tion, The October rate was 10.50, or 12 per cent over last year, and the ten months' average was 14 per cent up at 10.04. Deaths reported in November to Industrial Commissions in 18 states All Accidental Deaths January-October 1936 ....... 91,870 1935 ..................... 82,080 1934 .................... 83,664 a;, s. ( Miisns Burf'iiu total for 1931; N at`or.l Safety r.nimcH astimatrs for lUiiA ami 1035.* totaled 617. or 7 per cent more than the number reported in November. 1935. .Airplane accidents in miscellan eous flying (as distinguished from scheduled operations) brought death to 98 persons, severe injuries to 76. and minor injuries to 13-3. during the first six months of 1936. In the same months of last year deaths numbered 124, severe injuries 74 and minor injuries 152. Thus, there were substantial reductions in deaths and minor injuries, despite the fact that there was an increase of 3 per cent in the number of piane-miies flown. Nearly half of the accidents occurred at the time when the airplane was mak ing a regular landing f that is, not forced down). About one-fourth happened when the plane was taxying or taking off. Steam railroad accidents in August resulted in 510 deaths and 2.923 in juries. Deaths were 3.5 per cent fewer than in August last year, but injuries were 23.4 per cent more numerous. The decrease came in trespasser fatalities--the increase principally in employee in juries. For the first eight months of the year, the death total was 3,9 per cent over last year and the injury total 23.9 per cent up. Highway grade crossing ac cidents showed an increase from 983 to 1027 in deaths, and from 2,695 to 2,883 in injuries. Motor vehicle fatalities in Octo ber were 2 per cent above the total for October, 1935, totaling 3,920 compared with 3,850 for the earlier month. This brings the ten months' total to 29.950 --less than 300 deaths above last year's comparable figure. This is a remarkable record in view of a 10 per cent increase in the amount of traffic, as indicated by gasoline consumption. Tiie principal changes in the types of deaths from last year have been as follows: pedestrian deaths 2 per cent up, other types 1 per cent down: deaths 5 to 14 years 10 per cent up, 15 to 24 years 3 per cent up, other ages down 1 to 6 per cent. Commercial vehicle accidents averaged 2.04 per 100,000 vehicle miles during October, among vehicles entered in the National Fleet Safety Contest. This is an increase of 10 per cent in the rate over October, 1935. Trucks, alone, advanced 9 per cent from 2.65 to 2.88, passenger cars were up only 1 per cent from 1.56 to 1,58, while the bus rate in creased 28 per cent from 0.79 to 1.01. However, for the first four months of the Contest (July to October) in total, the rate for all vehicles was the same as in the comparable period of last vear --4.81. Public, (not motor vehicle) deaths totaled 1,200 in October, thus indicating no change from the same month last year. These deaths have been decreasing steadily in number since July, and have now about reached the year's smallest total. During the first ten months of the year they numbered, approximately 15,900. or 8 per cent more than were estimated for the same period of 1935. Home accident deaths in October totaled 2.600. This is also the total for October, 1935. The only other month this year that showed no increase over last year was May. Increases in the other months ranged from 100 to 500. except for July when excessive heat fa talities brought the increase up to 5,600. The estimate for the ten months in total was 83.900. compared with 26.200 for the same months last year. It is prac tically certain that the twelve months' total will exceed that of motor vehicle deaths. Looking ahead .... January will bring a sharp drop in motor vehicle deaths, according to avail able data for earlier years. This prob ably will result from decreases in travel due to cold and unpleasant weather, and to reduced speeds of the remaining ve hicles. because of snow and ice on the highways. Deaths from firearms acci dents. also, may decrease somewhat, but most other types of fatal accidents will he about as numerous in January as in December. These items summarize briefly the monthly reports collected by the National Safety Council to -now aum-nt accident trends. Certain reports are analyzed more fully in other monthly publications of the Council. In addition, the annual statistical report "Accident Facts,'' contains detailed inform ation on all types of accidents. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS l.CUtS Sfe. n*1' aB *T?r*Tzr?Ti I'M I ***114 Prevent Accidents! jg/ Save time and labor! ' Man approaches carboy, places adjustable truck under handles. Can not slip. Tltc September Issue of CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES says: "Most important types of compensable accidents in the chemieal industry...are 'handling objects" and 'harmful substances", which amount to 40rr of till types." 3. Easy pouring for one man. Turns geared crank handle to pour teacup or gallon without spilling or splashing. The Pulntosan Truck and Filter tend to prevent accidents to workers handling acids and chemicals in carboys. One man easily moves, or pours from, carboys with out danger of straining, dropping, spilling or -plashing. Wheels carboy to Tiller, drops thereon and locks into position. Safety Equipment for Chemical Plants! Write for details on ail-rubber guggles, apron and glove* shown herewith; also respirators, musks and other items for chemical workers. These devices are becoming standard equipment in the leading chemieal plant.-. They provide safety anti savings unobtain able in any other equipment. Truck and Filter are built of welded steel to with stand hardest usage. WRITE for further Information and prices. Invert? completely, to drain last drop. PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT ' Member; Industrial Safety Equipment Ass'nf 176 Johnson Street f Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Distributor: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO., Dettoil CORP On 515 Buy ALL Your ACCIDENT PREVENTION EQUIPMENT From ONE DEPENDABLE SOURCE Whtft yviti huv Aj,L your Accident Prevention wquipnjeztt from ONM de- prndabif V.ur< i -- I MJMil t Si t III e* that has Wti in businr** over ,s?3 yiw* --you nor only save time and money* but vou are A*ut*U prompt service and hipti quants itt* r* tumiis*. Ihe ''S\rhfVM:R\ K I. * Im, * norm tor "Hign t'uamv" nd n it ivipplrte line i taiYtt ijuipnirMi ; iiv>{MMrii x.uir Horanum dmm nv ,ui .til *Mt <vt imJiiKiiai hazards-- ,s iitn.*(on notn In-.id to foot. snrh a* Gogglrs, Helmet*. HoimI*. Mittens Mei" tiers, t t *ta. i\nt fne-|w-< r suits, beggings ttui Aprons, j|m> * large number of mr&'iuuuMi devii/ei, maciwnr ^uarnt modri dinis, . u Seruj ii MJUI %(littH lor \I I i-iiet\ (quiimipnt Items "inllcs. .uu ir- qufrvttent* arc--** have it, and our prices ,ir rrascuia'Me. Our general Catalog No. 10 not only illustrates and describe* nur full line of ^Safety-Service" Accttlem-Preventtott equipment, bwt is a book of .Safety information that is invaluable to iixeculfves, Safety lingineers. Plant Managers and buyer* of Safety Equipment. It help* solve your accident preven* tion problems, by helping vou to select the proper device for a specific need. ^^FjET|> ***Da3M lllIM; NEW 78 PAGE GENERAL CATALOG Send For it TODAY and swing to the ENTIRE "Safety-Serv ice" Line. THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE CO. Buell W. Nutt, President 1228 St. Clair Ave., Cleveland, Ohio Manufacturers of a General Line of Accident-Prevention Equipment