Document JJG6wJoGkwgX176Qj8dVbOm7r

FILE NAME: International Harvester (INTH) DATE: 1975 Aug 8 DOC#: INTH103 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Letter from Dept of Health with Attachments DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION. AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CENTER PO P DISEASE CONTROL August 8, 1975 N A TI O N A L INST! TU IE I O R O L O IJ P A I IO N A I SAFETY ANl) HEALTH 5600 FISHERS t ANt ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND 0652 Dear Colleague: This communication is intended to alert you to recently gathered informa tion Indicating a potential health hazard for persons exposed to asbestos during the servicing of motor vehicle brake and clutch assemblies. On July 21, 1975, the National Institite for Occupational Safety and Health convened a meeting of government and university scientists, industry representatives, and labor union officials to discuss the present state of knowledge with respect to this problem. Data was presented by investigators from the Mount Siani School of Medicine in New York City indicating that workers engaged in the maintenance and repair of automobile and truck brake linings are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of airborne asbestos dust. Specific brake servicing operations studied included blow-out of automobile drum brake assemblies, grinding of used truck brake linings, and bevelling of new truck brake linings. Average peak asbestos air concentra tions for these three activities based on personal samples taken within fen feet of the operator were, respectively, 10.5, 3.75, and 37.3 fibers (5 microns in length) per ml. An analysis of samples of brake drum dust revealed that almost all of the asbestos fibers found were shorter than 0.4 microns in length. Previous studies of the extent of asbestos emissions from automobile brake lining wear showed that only a very small fraction of the original asbestos content of the brake lining is found in brake drum dust (Ref. 1-3). It was presumed that this is due to thermal degradation of the fibers during braking. The present findings indicate that enough asbestos is preserved to produce significant exposures during certain brake servicing procedures. The full extent of asbestos-related disease in brake servicing personnel is not known at present because this particular occupational group has not been studied systematically up to now. However, a review of the scientific literature on the association between asbestos exposure and mesothelial tumors of the pleura and peritoneum has revealed at least four cases of these rare tumors in persons who were employed in jobs involving automobile brake servicing (Ref. 4-6). Page 2 For your information and guidance, we are enclosing pertinent references, estimates of the population at risk, a NIOSH interim recommendation for brake and clutch servicing procedures, and a copy of the Department of Labor standard covering exposure to asbestos in the work place. The environmental studies of brake lining servicing operations outlined above together with observations of msothlial tumors in persons so employed affirms the necessity for instituting and maintaining recotnmende control measures in this industry so that the health hazards of asbestos are minimized. Enclosures J. William Lloyd, Sd.D. Director Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and Biometrics REFERENCES Lynch, J.R.: Brake Lining Decomposition Products. J Air Pollution Control Assoc, 18:824-26, 1968 Hickish, D.E. and Knight, K.L.: Exposure to Asbestos During Brake Maintenance. Ann Occup Hyg, 13:17-21, 1970 Jacko, M.G. and DuCharme, R.T.: Brake Emissions: Emission Measure ments from Brake and Clutch Linings from Selected Sources. EPA Report 68-04-0020, 1973 Newhouse, M.L. and Thompson, H.: Mesothelioma of Pleura and Peritoneum Following Exposure to Asbestos in the London Area. Brit J Ind Med,. 22:261-69, 1965 McDonald, A.D. et al.: Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Msothlial Tumors in Canada. Cancer, 26:914-19, 1970 Greenberg, M. and Lloyd Davies, T.A.: Mesothelioma Register 19671968. Brit J Ind Med, 31:91-104, 1974 ESTIMATES OF THE WORKFORCE POTENTIALLY EXPOSED TO ASBESTOS IN THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICING OF BRAKE LININGS AND CLUTCHES Auto Mechanics Garage Workers Manufacture (original and rebuilding) TOTAL 833,535 67,679 6,657 907,871 SOURCE: Adapted from 1972 Census of Manufacturers, 1972 County Business Patterns, and Census of Population: 1970 Occupation by Industry (all are Department of Commerce, Census Bureau publications) y RECOMMENDED (INTERIM) PROCEDURES FOR ASBESTOS BRAKE AND CLUTCH SERVICING The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has research underway concerning dust exposures during brake and clutch servicing. Due to preliminary data demonstrating significant asbestos exposures during presently used brake and clutch servicing techniques, NIOSH has reviewed (alternate techniques whereby asbestos exposures are reduced. The following are interim procedures recommended by NIOSH to minimize dust exposures. 1. If possible, an area shall be designated for all brake and clutch repairs. Entrances into this area shall be posted with an asbestos exposure warning sign as follows: ' Do Not Breathing Asbestos Dust Hazard Avoid Breathing Dust Wear Assigned Protective Equipment Remain in Area Unless Your Work Requires It Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer 2. During brake servicing, an air purifying respirator, either single use . or with replaceable particulate fliter(s), as approved by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (formerly Bureau of Mines) or NIOSH, shall be worn during all procedures starting with the removal of the wheels and including reassembly. During manual clutch servicing, such a respirator shall be worn during removal and cleaning of the clutch, pressure plate and housing assembly and during instal lation of the new clutch assembly. 3. Dust shall first be cleaned from brake drum, brake backing plates, brake assemblies and clutch assemblies using an industrial type vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency filter system (>99% efficiency for 0.3 ym diameter aerosols). After vacuum cleaning, any remaining dust shall be removed using a rag soaked in water avid wrung until nearly dry. Under no circumstances shall compressed air or dry brushing be used for cleaning. A. During arcing and riveting operations, an approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be worn. Grinding (arcing) machines shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation such that worker exposures are maintained at least below the 1976 OSHA asbestos standard (29 CFR 1910.1001).* At a minimum, the dust bag of the arcing machine shall be removed and replaced with the hose of the high efficiency industrial vacuum described in (3) above. -2- 5. Industrial vacuum cleaner bags containing asbestos dust and cloths used for wiping brake and clutch assemblies shall be scaled in plastic bags and labeled with the following warning label printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast to be readily visible and legible: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers 4 Avoid Breathing Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer ^ All asbestos waste asbestos regulation, bags, an approved worn. shall be disposed of in accordance with the OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1001(h). During removal of vacuum respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be 6. All floor cleaning in areas where brakes and clutches are repaired shall be done with the high efficiency industrial vacuum cleaner as described in (3) above. Grinding (arcing) machines shall also be cleaned with such a vacuum cleaner and any remaining dust wiped with a damp cloth. An approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall he used during this cleaning. 7. Although adherence to the above procedures should minimize any contamination of work clothing, it: is required that the appropriate portions of the OSHA regulations on asbestos (29 CFR 1910.1001(d) (3 and 4)) concerning special clothing, change rooms, etc. be followed. NOTH: Strict adherence to the above procedures should minimize exposures to mechanics during brake and clutch servicing. These are interim recom mendations and are subject to revision pending results of ongoing NIOSH research. * Section 1910.1001 of the Code of Federal Regulations was formerly Section 1910.93a. This change was noted in the Federal Register, May 28, 1975. Prepared By Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati, Ohio \ vi'tD RcoL m m ) A.i.> I air. as detcnniucl by 'A, method me scribed -In pp.re'rapiJ (o) oi this .,-;cil<-n. (c) of compuantu, --u> (>- gimurini! methods. U) ilnginrcring con trols. Fogincering controls, such as, but not Uuvtcd to, isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure Uniits prescribed in paragraph (b' of this section. () Local exhaust venUhiti-in. (a * Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed. hifdaUed. and m iiintrio'.d in accordance with, the American National Standard Fumlnmental.r Governing- die Design, and Operation o Local T.xLamt Systems, ANSI Zi).2-I971. wlricli is in corporated by reference heroin. (hi See 0 1910.(1 concerning ,'o -.vnH- abiiity of ANSI Z!l.3--1971 anu toe maintenance of a historic file in connec tion therewith. Tiro address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute is given in 8 1910.100. (lil) Pcci'tichifir tools. All han't-op erated and power-operated tool'.; winch may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limbs pro scribed in paragraph (b) of this sect ion. such as. but not limited to. saws, scorers abrasive wheels, and drills, sVne] Tv- pro vided with local exhaust ventletiun sv.- terns in accordance with subdivision of this subparagraph. (2) V/orle practices-- (5) Wet. me to "da Insofar as praciicabio, mber,';. ri d <* handled, meted, applied, remover v scored, or otherwise worked in a v x stato purclanl to prevent the emir*...on of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure) limits prescribed in parre;! * ih <b) of {.his section, unless the uro rubio ; of the product would be dlmmU. u 1910.93a AoJxritOS. thereby. (iii Particular products a,.d <>;vrn- tioieU. No asbestos cement. movt> co-.-t- (a) Definitionft. For tho purpose of ing, grout, piaster, or similar mof-nn* this section, (1) "Asbestos" includes containing rwb-wi-os shall be > chrysotilc. amosite, crocldolite, tremo- from. cartons, or other co-.'.ti.- - lite, anthophyllito, and acUnollte. in which Urey aro shipped, withou- b* ' (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestoscither wetted, or enclosed, or v e i l fibers longer than 5 micrometers. so ns to prevent effectively the role./.-; o, (b) Permissible exposure to airborne laiimrbitosrnpereasscbreisbteods fIinberpsarinagerxacpehss roiffi l<mv cSotanncdenatrrdatieofnfesctoivfe aSsnbiepsto7s, f1ib9e7r2s.--T(h1)e tilts raotlon. 8-hour time-weighted average airborne Em(iplllo) ySerpsraeyningga,geddemionlittihoen, soorraryehm-'o-.va>l'.* concentrations of asbestos fibors to which any employee may be exposed asbestos, the removal, or domslLio-.. shall not exceed five fibers, longer than opripejvsc, rsOfnattocdfwwreist.h oajsbereusUtorsm, c.-o!c, tcoh>v*toedo 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by tire method pre removal, or dsv-ioJitiOn of as.?-;.? !h - scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. sulntton or coverings shall be p. avid id (2) Standard effective July 1, 1976.awnitche respiratory eq.dpmevif with parngroois (cl> 12) 5v accord ilU) of uiis The 3-hour time-weighted average air section and. with spocisl to del v. hi f.cborne concentrations of asbestos fibera corda-.iio with paragraph (d ito / of this to which any employee may be exposed section. shall not exceed two fibers, longer than <d) Percanai protective equipment -- 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of (1) Crosplfinoo with tho owpoouva iiuifis air, a3 determined by the method pre precbribed by paragraph (b) of fine sec scribed in paragraph (o) of this section. tion may not be achieved by the use of <3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of . asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of respirators or shift rotation of em ployee?.. except; (i> Curing tho ttoio period nee<xf.r.7 to inyfcfii Sx- SPritsoring controlo and to iZKtUtute the work practices required by paragraph (c) of this section; KOERAl atGtSTi,- yoi. 39, NO.- 123-- THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 19X1 . >i I JiULk5 A M D i h . .-.. unit In work situations in which the methods pri-scribcd iu paragraph (c) of this paction nre cither technically not feasiVle or feasibio to an extent lnsufilcieru to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section; or (Hi) In emergencies. (Iv) Where both respirators and per sonnel rotation are allowed by r-ubdivisions (l), (ill, or (ill) of tills subparaRiaph, nmi both are practicable, person nel rotation shall be preferred and used. 12 > Wiiei o a respirator is permitted by .ubparatnaph ( 1 ) of this peragrnph, it shall lie selected from among thoso ap proved by the Bureau of Mines. Depart ment of the Interior, or the National In stitute for Occupational Safely and Health, Deportment of Health, Educatir.., and Welfaie, under the provisions Of 30 OFR Tart 11 (37 F.R. 8?,44, Mar. 25, 107::; end shall be used in accordance with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iil), ami Ov) Of tins 'Ulblmrup'ianh. <1 Atr vitrifying respirators. A reusa ble tv; ungte use air purifying respirator, or a respirator described tu subdivision <U o" Oil) of this subparagraph, shell be xi to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator be,,tw .he exposure limits prescribed in i>r.igraph :hi of this section, when tho oeib,,i. or the H-hour time-weighted avorid' ainionie coxccntratiom of asixoto.". mver,. a.c re''onnbiy expected to exceed no .uoit- than H> times those limits. i ; Powered air vm ifving respire tors. a fub fuoemeco powered air purifying i d m or a tvow'"red nlr purifying .. . ini.iir or e vestijratov 'Josci Ivor; jp .MiniuMfiii iii i of this subparagraph, hm be n.:i ii in reduce ttie concmitrelmr, of airenine osbestos fibers in tile H".,| ..itor below Ibe exposure limits pro;;ri ,0nct in pi>fie Ipph (b) Of thi8 8QcLlo.fi, when the retime or the C-hour fimoweigiited nvoraric concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 tunes, but not 100 times, those limits iii) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand, supplied-air respirator shah be used to xeduce the concentra tio n s of airborne asbestos fibers in tile respirator below the exposure limits preseneed Jn paragraph <b) of this section, mm the colling or the 8-hour tlmewei'ihtcd average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are l'easonacly expected to exceed 100 times those Umlv3. iv) Establishm ent o / a respirator propram. <a) The employer shall establish a respirator urogram In accordaxxce with the requirements of the American r.'a- tio.inl Stnnd.irrls Practices for Respira tory Protection. ANSI Z83.2-195!), which is Incorporated by reference herein. b> See 5 19*0.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z00.2-1369 and the mnlntennnee of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is givon in 5 1910.100. (ci Mo employee si,oil be assigned to (Piles requiring the use of respirators if, based upon his most recent examination, an examining physician determines that the employee will be unrip e to function normally wearing a respire tor, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired ,ov hisuse of a respirator. Cx'ch employee shall be rotated to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different, po sition whose duties ho is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geo graphical area and with fixe same senior ity, stfii us, and rate of pay ho had just, prior to such transfer, if such a different (2) Personal monitoring--<i> Sam ples .shall be collected from within toe breathing zone of tho employees, on ntcrabnine filter of 0.8 micrometer po rosity i.xoiuil-'d in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be token for Uxo bolerminotion of the 8-houi timeweii/cxted average airborne con centra tiou. and of Ulo ceiling concentrations of asbestos fillers. (ii) Sampling fieqnoixcy and pattei ns. After fixe initial determinations required by subparagraph (1 ) of this pnrngiaph, samples shall be of sueix frequency and patten) os to repi esent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em position is available. (3) Special clothing: The employer shed provide, and. require ihe use of. spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, '.ud fool coverings for any em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 8 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably bo foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b> of tliis section. ployee exposed l,o airborne concentra (3) Environmental monitoring--ii) tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed tho ceiling level prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms; (i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne samples shall be collected from ai eas of a work environment which are repie.roixtative of the airborne concentration o asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing none of employees. Samnic;. concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the em ployer ohaii provide change rooms for employees working regularly at, the place, shall bo collected on a membrane rflic, of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted m an open-face filter holder. Samples shaT be taken for the determination of Uxo i>- hoxu- time-weighted average airborne (li) Clothes lookers: The employer concentrations and of the celling cox - shell provide two separate lockers or con coidvations of asbestos fibers. tainers for each employes, .so sopanited (it) Sampling frcgv.cnev and pan, ns or isolated us to prevent contamination After the initial determinations reqixho. of the cnxp'oyen's street clothes from b's bv subne.ro.yropb O) of thin pm agraim. work clothes. samples .shall lxc or such frequeue;, mid (iii) Baundor'ng: (a) Laundering of pacactuterrancyasthteo rleevperlesseonft ewxipthosucroeHvoofnn..huec asbestos con tan floated clothing shall be done so ns to prevent five release of air employees. In no cose shall snmplinr be borne asbestos ilbem, in excess of the ex at ixilorVAls greater than 0 ooiu.hr. fin posure limits prescribed lo paragraph (b) employees wixose exposures to osue-do of tills section. may reasonably be foreseen to exc'Pd the exposure limits prescribed in para <u) Any employer who gives asbeFos- graph (b) of this section. contaminated cloth in? to another poison (4) Emtdoyee observation of monitor- foofrthlaeunredqeuriinregmsehn?tUinin(fccviunofsutchhis pseurbsdoin- ing. Alice!od employees, or nhcir ro.x- v'slon to effective1? prevent tho relcaso rosentatives, shall be given a reusoomxo of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of opportunity to obr-orve any monitoring the exposure limits prescribed in para required by this paragraph and shall have graph (b) of this section. access to tho records thereof. (c) Contaminated clothing shall bo (g) Caution signs and labels, (I) Cau transported in sealed impennctblo bags, stihoanll sbiegnpsr,ov(iid) edPaonstdingd.ispClaayuetdionat seiagcnhs or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in uccordanco vdlh para location wboro airhomo conceal rations graph (g) of this section. of asbestos fibers may be in excess of Mie (e) M ethod of measurement. All de exposure limlfs pj-eccvibect in prungr..ph (b) of thin section. Signs shall be posted terminations of airborne concentrations at such a distance from such n location of asbestos fibers chail bo made by tho so tlv>t an employee may read the ulcus membrane filter method at 4(50-440 X end toko necessary protective steps be (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) fore entering the area marked by tho with phase contrast illumination. ijigi'ir. Signs shall be posted at nil ap ([) Monitoring-- (1) in itial determ i proaches to r.reus containing excesnive nations. Within 0 months oi. tho publi concentrations of airhonxe juibasfcoi cation of this section, every employer iiboro. shall cause every place of employment fix) Sign specifications. The warning where asbestos fibers arc released to bo signs required by subdivision (i) of tixis monitored in such, a way up to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is bolow the limits' pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion. If the limits cure exceeded, tho em subparagraph shall conform to tho re quirement of 20" x 14" vortical format signs specified in 1010,145(d) (4), and to tliis subdivision. The signs shall dis play the following legend in the lower ployer shall immediately undertake a panel, with letter steeg and styles oi a compliance program In accordance with visibility at. least equal to that specified paragraph (c) of this suction. in this subdivision. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 3?, MO. 125-- THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1P74 RULES AND MOULATiONS 23545 Leffand ?_____*,________ - Dust Hnzard Avoid Breathing Duafc--Wear Awlrned Frotectlvo E quipm ent. Do N ot Konm ln I d Aroa TJnlrrio T o u r W o rk R o qniron It. BrcM-hlng Aebegtoc Duoli Mn.y Bo Ilirairdovu) To Tour Health. Rotation 1" Onus Serif, Go tli lo or Block. % " Gang Serif, O o t h i o or Block. %" Gothic. YE' Gothic. YE' Gothic. 14 point Gothic. Spaaing between lines nhall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution, labels--(t) Labeling, Cau tion labelo shall be affixed to all raw materials, modules, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions o i Asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits prcccrifjcd in paragraph (b> of tills section wl'l bo released. (ill Label spceijicaf.ions. The caution labels required by subdivision (i> of this subparagraph shall bo printed In letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label 3hall state: OAUTrON CnnlMiiH Anb^o-Lo FLbovs AtMcI Creating Vust Broft-Mihifi Htu;t JVTrvT- Ciui6/* C^rrkiA BoriUy nM*m <M rjvspi:-'-.'pinp--(11 Cleaning. All external surfeecs in soy place of employ ment shall t<e 'Maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive' concentration. (2) Waxt.r disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debns, bags, containers, equip ment. nnd mbestos-contamlnatcd cloth ing, consumed for disposal, which may produco in rny reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations of nsbestos fibers In excess of tho exposure limits prescribed in. paragraph (bi of this section shall be collected and disposed of in scaled Impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. <i> Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by dlls section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Secre tary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, tho Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of either. (2) Employee access. Every employee end former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, which indicates the era* ployco'n own exposure to asbestos fibers. (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed nt any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits pro scribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not. la to? than 5 days of the finding. Tho employee shall also bo timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. (J) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost-, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos reouired by this paragraph. to the Assistant Secretory of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, tho Director or NIOSH, to authorized physi cians and medical consultants of either of them, and, upon tho request of an em ployee or former employee, to his physi cian. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the infor mation specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical in formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. (2) P-cpincancnt. Tho employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol io-ring bin first employment in an occupation exposed to airborne concontra lions of r.obootoo fibers, a comproiieiii.vm medical oxamins tlon, which shall include, os a minimum, a chest roentiTono.T'om (postorior-e n terior 14 x J7 Inches), n hirtovy to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volpmu at 1 second (FEVYo). (3) Ar.tvjci ex-amivaflons. On or be fore January 3.1. 1973, and at least an nually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or n r tp available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of hla omoiorccs engaged in occupations ex posed to fdrborr.o concentrations of aixylos fibers. Such annual examination ska') include, (is a minimutn, a chest io-'nlgenogram (pnvtorior-untorior 14, x 17 -neheo),, n WcAory to elicit symptom atology of nr-juratory disease, end pifi'hcnc.ry fm 'ctton tests to include forced vito.! oopaciiv (e'VO> and forced oxp/rrtory voh.'tno c `, 1 second (FEV\0). (/.) Term ination of rvmloyinenf, The employer shall provide, or make avail able, within 30 calendar days befovo or after the termination of employment, of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to atrbovno concentrations of asbestos fibers, a conorehenslvo medical examination v.h.'ch sbr.il include, as v, minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x .17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory cUseaoa, and pulmonary function tears to include forced vital capacity (FVC) end forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FLVt.o). (5) R ecent examinations. No medical examination is required of any em ployee, If adequate records show that tho employes has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (C) Mcdieal records--(i) M ainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shell cause to bo maintained complete and accurate) records of all such medical examina tions. Records shall be retained by employcut, for at least 20 years. <U) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall bo made available, for inspection and copying, rEPESAl REGISTER, VOl. 39, NO. 130-- THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1974