Document ExRD3dYKGqXjBxkewDr5N8YVL

o AR 226 . 068] Life Cycle Waste Stream Estimates apps BANTER CONIA August 2000 Aached is an executive summary oaf report prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute: entitled "Sulfonated Perfluorochemicals: U.S. Release Estimate ~ 1997 Part 1: LifeCycle Waste Stream Estimates", dated April 21, 2000. The objectiveofthis work was to characterize and estimate the fluorochemical content ofpotential waste streams from both 3M manufacturing and supply chain facilities and from product usage. Estimates in the report reflect conservative, worst case assumptions about the generation ofwastes at supply chain facilities and 3M manufacturing locations in several respects. First, operator experience or engineering judgments often are used due to the unavailabilityofanalytical data. Second, the report relies on 1997 sales figures to estimate customer and end user waste stream volumes. In the years subsequent to 1997, uhnodweervteark,en3Mwashatse immipnilmeimzeanttieodnsmieganisfuirceasntamsapnaurftoacftu3rMi'nsg pprroodcuecsts sitmepwraorvdesmheinptpsroagnrdamh.as Finally and most importantly, PFOS and related compounds are described in the report imnolteecrumlsoesft"haPtFwOoSuledqubivealfeonrtmse"d. af"ePrFcOoSmpelqeutiveadleegnrtasd"aitsidoenofifntehdeasfltuhoermoachsesmiocfaPlFOS products. PFOS equivalent(s) represent the weight of C8F17S02 present in aproduct. The waste stream estimates in thisreportare based on the assumption that each. sulfonated perfluorochemical product and residual breaks down completely to PFOS in the year in which it was sold. Thisis a"worst-case" assumption. In fact, recent study results show that that there has been no indication that POS undergoes any degradation pfhrootmolhyysdirsolsytsuidsi,esp,hPotFoOlySsihsa,sonrobtibodeeegnrdaedtaetcitoendmaescahadneigsrmasda.tioInn palrlohdyudcrtoliynsainsyand conclusive experiment. These preliminary findings call into question the assumption of expected degradationof other fluorochemicals to PFOS. Relative to photolysis, the scturrurcetnurteds.ataThseusgegessttrsucatuhryepsothhaevseismuthcaht tdhiefsfeermeantteprrioaplesrtwiilels pthhoetnosluylzfeontaotceasribnoxtyhlaattet:hey are `much less bioaccumulativein ecological species. &~ Ss .LST D2P oO9F 5 & 5 3 1063 Final Report Co Sulfonated Perfluorochemicals: U.S. Release Estimation - 1997 Part 1: Life-Cycle Waste Stream Estimates Jd Final Report Jor "3M Specialty Materials preparbeyd Battelle Memorial Institute 505 King Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43201 April 21,2000 W 1064 Final Report Executive Summary Introduction and Objectives a "The 3M Company is committed to a product stewardship policy that encourages safe and environmentally responsible practices in the development, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of 3M products. The company has recently introduced a corporate initiative ceavlelreyd sLtiafgee Coyfctlhee Mliafne acgycelmee.nOtn(eLsCtMep) itnoLaCssMureis atno aobwtaariennegsosodofinpfotoernmtaitailonimopnacwtesstaet stream estimates and ambient environmental releases. 3M has been producing sulfonyl-based fluorochemicals (FCs) for over 40 years using the `Electro-Chemical Fluorination (ECF) process. The basic building blockofthese products and the highest production volume FC manufactured by 3M is perfluorooctanesulfonyl - fluoride (POSF). The chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of POSF results in pbeerlfileuvoerdootoctbaenetshuelfuolntaitmeat(ePdFeOgSr)a.datBioansepdrodounctcoufrrtehnte PinOfSorFmamtoiloencufler.om I3t Ma,ppePaFrOsSthaits destruction of PFOS only occurs through high temperature incineration. At this time, studies are underway to determine the degradation by-products of other POSF-derived fsloumoerofclaurobroonp.olyImneitrisalaprpeasurletnstliyndsitcaabtlee tfhoarthuulntdirmeadtseofdegyeraardsa.tion rates are variable, with The Release Estimation Task is based on 1997 sales data for the U.S. changes, manufacturing process improvements, and minimization Product portfolio of manufacturing : wyeaasrtse.s and releases will dramatically change the results ofthis 1997 estimation in coming ud3 TobhjeectRievleeaosfephEassteimoanteioins tToacshkarahcatserbiezeenpotseunbtdiiavliFdeCd wiansttoe tstwroeamdiss,crwehtielephpahsaesse. twTohies designed to estimate releases to the ambient environment. Both phases will consider the El fduilsltrilbiufetiocnycalned ocfonFvCerspiroonducsttsa,gesin(csluudpipnlgy: cmhaainnu)facwthuerriengthoef FcCosmpaoruendssoldbyand3/Mo,r wiancsotrepordiastpeodsianltooprrordeuccotvs,ercyomomferucsieadl apnroddruecstisd.entPihaalsceonosnue,merlifueseocyfctlheewparsotduectsst,raenadm estimation, is addressed in this report. The specific objectivesofphase one are: to make reliable estimatesofthe most important FC wastestreamsthat may result in : torelpeearsefsorlmeasdcirnegentoinhgufmoarnidaenndtiefcyoilnoggtihcealmoesxptoismupreo,rtant FCs based on pounds of 'PFOS-equivalents and FC solids, to provide waste stream estimates that will serve as the basis for modelingofpotential tFoCprreolveiadseeswafsrtoemsltarndefaimllesstainmdatweassttehawtatwielrltsreeravtemeansttphleabnatssi(s WfoWrTfPur)t,heranandalysis o.f fate, transport, and exposure, including multimedia fate modeling using the fugacity principle. ToBiantrefllelauennts Kd "April 21, 2000 Pageii 106s Final Report The results from overall program. phase Some one can be examplesof used the for a variety of potential usesof purposes in other tasks waste stream estimates in by 3M's other ptarsokdsucitnsclufdoer: Facilities and mdaeestaseosrcumiriaetnmeiednngtFlsCocoaitfnipopunhtsysfeioscrtaielmm-apctiheresimciafcloarlsammpoprdolepilenrigtn,igesse,olfecatanimdnbgisehenilgtehcetesintnvgpirrtioornreimatetynmteFanClt releases. The waste stream estimates in this report are expected to change as additional information worst case is collected. assumptions abEosuttimtahteesgeunseerdatiinontohifswarsetpoerstatarseupbpalsyecdhaoinn conservative, facilities and 3M manufacturing locations, and are often based on operator experience or engineering estimates rather than laboratory tests. As such, the estimates can result in wide ranges in waste stream calculations. DbSuucsrriienneegsnsiannungiitnfsio,tiraalKesrceyrveiFsenCwinPogfropdrdaoutcacetssssupwpalsieddebvyel3opMedfotro 7n2arFroCwptrhoidsuclitsst tion tshixe dpirfofdeurcetnst Scoorneseindienrgedpkreoycefsosr uawseadst1e99s7tresaalmeesvadlautaatifoonr ftrheo.mUaSt.otatlo 3iMdensttiafnydp1o9inkteiyn pthreodUu.cSt.s tThhaet contribute > 1% of total 3M FC solids or > 1% of total 3M PFOS-equivalents. The 19 Fc1eh9pe5rm7eiscseaaalltelsyaopdfpirFfofCxeircmeoanmttpeploryuond8du7sc.%tsTosfheelFe2Cc1teSsdo,clriewdehsnieacdnhdpri8ond3cul%cutdoecfo2Pd1FeOspSar-roeedquaucsitvfaoclloledonewtsss,: fcoorlltehcetitvoetlayl Business Unit Aftermarket/Consumer Apparel Carpet Home Textiles `Paper and Packaging `Performance Chemicals Product Codes (FC-129, FC-430, FC-228, FC-1861) (FC-3573/FC-35T3N, FC-248, FC-461) (FC-364, FC-365, FC-398, FC-1367) (FFCC--214876,1,FCF-C2-4486,1F)X-1380, [FC-280, FX-1801, (FC-807, FC-809, FC-807A, FC-845) (FC-129, FC-170C, FC-430, FC-138) The three products with the largest quantity of POS equivalents sold in 1997 are FC- 807, FC-809, and FC-1367. are not being evaluated as partofthis program. Since the screening process invollv3edM iFdCentsiofliicdastioorno>fp1r%odoufcttotsals3olMd PinFOtSh-eeqUu.iSv.aldeunrtisn,g 1997 that contribute > 1%oftota LightwaterTM was not determined to be one.of the 19 key products. Thus, these products I3nM aMacnonutfiancutinugrienfgfoWrtastotecsharacterize engineers have provided estimatesofFC wwaasstteesstfrreaomms fmoarnutfhaec3tuMrimnagn,ufDaecctautruirng pfraocicleistsy FE ! E BattD ellete BN April 21, 20001066 --Page ii Final Report at Decatur, Alabama. Engineering calculations, 3M information systems, and air emission models were used to identify and quantify current waste streams. 3M manufacturing wastes are primarily associated with a few key steps in the early stages of POSF manufacturing and purification and therefore are not attributed to any one product. ~~ Based on the information from Decatur engineers, it is likely that the Decatur `manufacturing facility is a substantial source of PFOS equivalents released to the environment. However, ongoing engineering activities at the Decatur facility have reduced FCs in water effluent from the levels for 1997. Total annual wastes in wastewater and solid waste from the Decatur facility before treatment are approximately 1,088,000 poundsof PFOS equivalents, buta little over haoflthefse wastes are disposed of by hightemperature incineration, resulting in no release of sulfonated perfluorochemicals. Comparisonofthe results from sampling done in early and late 1998 indicates that the quantity ofPFOS discharged to the river after treatment has declined, due to upgrades in the wastewater treatment system and administrative changes in off spec product discharge procedures. 5 Aftermarket/Consumer Products Four supply chain facilities account for all of the 1997 sales of key Aftermarket/ Consumer products. The key FC products purchased by one or more of these four primary ARermarkevConsumer manufacturers, in decreasing quantity of PFOS equivalentsare FC-1861, FC-138/228, and FC-129. `The majorityofthe PFOS equivalents in wastewater generated by the four manufacturers using key ARermarket/Consumer products are associated with Mix Tank operation. The highest estimated waste generation value into wastewater from this process is 6.2%, `which is associated with process startup and shutdown. Generation of FCs in wastes during use of spray can products by residential consumers depends on transfer efficiency, size and shapeofthe object being coated, and accuracy of . the applicator. It is roughly estimated that transfer efficiency across al sizes and shapes of applications is 66%, which means that 34% of product expelled from the can is wo initially lost as waste to the air, with the potential for deposition. Spray cans used to apply treatments in the home are expectteod retain a small fraction of the product material at the timeofdisposal. Based on information for non-food spray cans in general, up to 12.5%ofthe original contents may remain in spray cans at the time of disposal. Bulk product containers for commercial care are expected to retain 2.9% of product, which is wasted during container cleaning and disposal. It is estimated that 34% of the spray can containers will be recycled, with residual product material in the can lost to wastewater. Containers that arenotrecycled are sent to landfills. Carpets with commercial care FC treatments used by professional carpet steam cleaners are expected to show similar wear pattems to carpets with mill applied treatments. Thus, it is expected that 50%oftheFC treatment will be removed over the nine-year life of the carpet due to walking and vacuuming, while an additional 45%ofthe FC treatment will be removed in steam cleaning throughout thecarpetlife. he BBuattteFllrei "April 21, 20001067 Page iv Final Report Garments treated with home-applied products are assumed to wear ina similar manner to textile mill applied treatments. Thus, 73% of these treatments are expected to wash off during garment cleaning over atwo-year life span. Any remaining FCs on coated products at the end of their useful life are assumed to be disposed ofatthe national averages for landfill disposal (83%) and incineration (17%). Apparel Products Seven supply chain manufacturers purchased the greatest quantities of PFOS equivalents for Apparel products during 1997. These customers account for 56%, 73% and 41% of 243.1997 product sales of FC-3573, FC-248, and FC-461, respectively. The majority of the PFOS equivalents sold to these seven supply chain customers are associated with FC- The majority of the PFOS equivalents in wastewater generated by the seven `manufacturers using key Apparel products are associated with the processes Product Distribution and Application. The highest estimated percent loss into wastewater from these processes is 9.3%, which is associated with application to leather products. The majority ofthe PFOS equivalents in solid waste from the seven manufacturers using key Apparel products are associated with the process of cutting and sewing garments, which involves an estimated loss to solid wasteof 10% for both cloth and leather garments. Assuming that consumers own and regularly use FC-treated cloth apparel for an average oftwo years and launder the garment an averageofevery two weeks, 3M laboratory tests suggest that 73%ofthe initial treatment will be wasted during consumer laundering over the total life spanof the garment. Itis anticipated that the vast majority ofthis waste is in wastewater and not in dryer lint. Leather products, including any remaining treatment, are disposed of after use. Based on national averages for municipal waste, 83% of apparel and leather products will be sent to landfill and 17% will be incinerated. Carpet Products. Six supply chain customers purchased the greatest quantities of PFOS equivalents for Carpet products during 1997 (> 70%of key Carpet product sales). The key FC products purchased by one or more of these manufacturers, in decreasing quantity of PFOS equivalents are FC-1367, FC-365, and FC-364/FC-398. The majority of PFOS equivalents in wastes generated by these manufacturers are in wastewater. The largest waste generation value for PFOS equivalents in wastewater from these manufacturers is an estimated 25%, which is from the carpet fiber dyeing process (FC-365 and FC-364) and co-application to finished carpet (FC-1367). However, less than or equal to 5% of FC-1367 is co-applied. The quantities of PFOS equivalents removed from carpets made in 1997 during use by the end consumer are larger over the total life ofthe carpet than the quantities wasted during the supply chain manufacturing processes in 1997. However, the wastes from end use customers during carpet cleaning, foot traffic, and vacuuming are spread over the 12- Battelle "April 21,2000 Pagev ThBe uodfTeamenr. N 1068 Final Report year average life of a carpet and throughout the U.S. approximately the residential end according to number use customers of households are in an dairseta.ribuTtheed FstCagCearipsetthperoodnuectsoclodntriinbutthiengltahregesmtosvtolPuFmOe,S ewqhuiicvahleinstsFCt-o1w3a6s7t.e duLroisnsgestheofenPdFuOsSe ~~ ediqsutirviabluetnetdsibnewtwaesetneswafsrtoemwaFtCerC(a4rp7e%t)parnodduscotlsiddwuarsintge t(h5e3%e)n.d use stage are about equally Home Textiles Nineteen supply Products chain customers were identified as the locations with the highest sales receipts account offorPbFeOtSweeeqnui2v1al%enatnsdfo9r7H%oofmethTeexptriiloersitpyrHodoumctes during Textile p1r99o7d.uctTs,hedseepecnudsitnogmeorns the product examined. { `TmhaenufkaecyturFeCrs,priondudcetcsrepasuirncghaqsueadntbityy one or more of the of PFOS equivalents 19 are primary FC-247, HFoXm-1e80T1e,xtiFlCe-s P82F4OSanedquFiCv-al1e3n8ts(einqtuoalwaasmtoeuwnatts)e,r FC-248, from the FC-280, FC461, and manufacturers making FC-1861. Loss woven products of is estimated to be a maximumof9.9% from Unused or Non-RecoveredBathMix following apprpoldiuccattioorn.adSdupprpoldyucCthdaiirnectflaycitloiatinesexptrroudsuicoinnmgixn. onA-swowvaesnthperocdauscetfsorewitohverenpaprdodaupcptls,y the highest estimated waste generation value from these processes is 9.9% associated wmiatkhinpgadwaopvpleincatpiroon.ductLsosiss oefstPiFmOatSedeqtuoivableenatsmianxsiolmiudmwaosfte4.fr9o%m ftrhoemmaonnuefacotfurfeorusr processes. Based on equivalents data used for in production of woven fabrics clothing, it is for upholstery (FeCs-t2im4a7t,edFXt-h1a3t801)0%areoflosttheinPsFoOliSd waste during cutting and sewing. Nonwoven used for a medical fabrics and HEPA very brief period and then dfiilstpeorsseadreoft,ypsiocatlhley msianjgolreituyse(>p9r9o.d9uc9t9s%)tohfattharee 4 'PFOS equivalents will go with the solid waste. Iatveisraagsessufmoerdmtuhnaitciupsaeld sHoloimd ewaTsetxetisleentprtoodiuncctisneararteodriss(p1o7s%ed) aonfdalcacnodrsdililnsg (t8o3t%h)e. national Paper and Packaging Products Six supply chain customers purchased the greatest quantitiesof PFOS equivalents for Psaalpees)r. aTnhdePkaecykaFgiCngprpordoudcutcstspudrucrhiansged19b9y7o(n>e7o0r%moorfekoefytPhaepseerpaanpderPamcaknuafgaicntgurperrosd,ucitn PdeFcOreSaseiqnugivqaulaennttistyinofwasPtFeOsSgeenqeuriavtaeldenbtys tahreeseFCp-a8pe0r7,maFnCu-f8a0c9t,urFerCs-8a4r5e,prainmdarFiCly-8i0n7tAh.e form of wastewater from the make down tank. = Approximately 1% of the total run volume is lost as wastewater. `Wastes During of FCs during the making of converting and end use of treated paper products paper products, converters dispose of about 3% are of very small. inputaspen =r ToBBafetenllte. "April 211, 0206009 Page vi Final Report . products treated with FCs as solid waste. Extremely small percentages of PFOS equivalents are expected to adhere to package contents during the end use stage. It is estimated that a very small amount is potentially transferred from the package to the contents. Studies are underway to confirm these transfer rates. = Based on the 1997 national averages for solid waste disposal of paper products, about 17% are incinerated. FCs in paper products sent to high-temperature incinerators are completely destroyed. ScotchbanTM treated end-products are not recovered for recycling as partofsolid waste recycling programs. Therefore, all products not incinerated are expected to go directly to municipal waste landfills. This means that 83% ofthe product `material remaining after consumer use will besentto a landfill as solid waste. Performance Chemical Products `Eight supply chain customers purchased the greatest quantities of PFOS equivalents for Performance Chemical products during 1997 and account for allofthe 1997 salesofkey Performance Chemical products. The key FC products purchased by one or moreofthese: eight manufacturers, in decreasing quantity of PFOS equivalents, are FC-129, FC-430, FX-12, and FC-170C. Performance Chemical products are used in a wide variety of products and industries. Based on surrogate waste stream estimates compiled from information on other product lines and available data sources, the highest estimated waste generation value from processes in supply chain facilities for key Performance Chemical products is 7.7%. This waste is associated with wastewater from the startup and shutdown of mixing and blending operations. Industrial and consumer practices govern the use of Performance Chemical products. iVnacrlyuidneg squurafnatcittainetss offorFCpasinatrse alnosdt cionatwiansgtse, satdrdietaimvsesdufroirngclaepapnleircsatainodn parnodteucsteo.rs,Usaensd insecticides. FCs are disposedofwith the product, according to national averages. Although the quantities of FC solids and PFOS-equivalents in AFFF products sold in 1997 are less than the one percent used for screening key products to evaluate in this document, the methodofuse as fire fighting foams involves potentially direct release to the environment. Thus, these products will be evaluated as partof a separate 3M task. Summary The five key FC products sold in the largest quantity in declining orderofPFOS equivalents are FC-807, FC-809, FC-1367, FC-845, and FC-247. FC-807, FC-809, and FC-845 are part of the Paper and Packaging Business Unit. FC-1367 is part of the Carpeting Business Unit. FC-247 is partofthe Home Textiles Business Unit. `The two largest percent waste generation values for POS equivalents from processes at supply chain facilities for the 19 key products evaluated are associated with the Carpeting, Apparel, and Home Textiles Business Units. The processes with the largest percent waste generation value across all of the supply chain facilities handling key FC Th BBaateteallretn. "April 21, 2000 1076 Page vii  7 Final Report - iz products is an estimated 25% during the dyeing process for carpet fiber and an estimated 25% during co-application on carpets. However, less than or equal to 5% ofFC-1367 is o-applied. The processes with the second largest percent waste generation value across allofthe supply chain facilities handling key FC products is an estimated 10% in solid ~~~ waste during the Cutting and Sewing process for garments and upholstery, respectively, in the Apparel and Home Textile supply chain facilities. The three business units with the largest percent waste generation value for PFOS equivalents in wastes from the End Use/Disposal Stagesofthe lfe cycle for the 19 key products in all supply chain facilities are Aftermarket/Consumer, Paper and Packaging, and Performance Chemicals. When the key products are evaluated for eachofthese three business units 2s a whole, greater than 85% of the PFOS equivalents in wastes are generated during the End Use/Disposal Stages (includes waste streams from consumer end use and disposal). `The inventory data provide estimated quantitiesof PFOS equivalents in air, wastewater, or solid waste for site-specific locations throughout the supply chain stageofthe life cycle, PFOS equivalent waste generation estimates in waste streams were calculated at 48 of the supply chain locations handling the greatest quantities of the 19 key FC products. A summaryofthe life cycle, waste stream estimates based on 1997 sales of 3M FCs in the U.S. is shown in the table below. The waste stream estimates are presented as PFOS equivalents, which do not include residuals that may be in the products. The U.S. waste stream estimates are broken down by life cycle stage (e.g, 3M manufacturing, supply chain facilities, end use consumers, and wastewater, or Solid waste). These estimates disposal) and form of are an indication of level waste (e.g, air, of PFOS in waste streams, but not human or ecological exposure levels. Although the waste stream estimates in the following summary table can give an wt indicationofthe potential for environmental releases, mostofthe wastewater and solid waste indicated in the table are sent, respectively, to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)or alandfill and not directly to the environment. One exception is the estimates for the Decatur 3M manufacturing facility, where estimates are provided for wastewater before treatment and water releases to the environment aler treatment by an industrial wastewatertreatment plant (IWTP). Battelle DeBus "April 21, 2000 my] Page viii oo  7" Final Report = SummaryofEstimated FC Waste Streams Based on 1997 Sales in the U.S. (PFOS equivalents? in Ibs./yr) 3soM Business SupPrpolcyesCshiangin E~nd~Use~ BU MWaistge IMM --- alk BT) Waste Stream GM eusomers) (Conners) Disposal Total _ Stream? Released ACeornmsaurmkesel/ WaAsitrebwoartneer 54 SooflBiUd WToatsatle Apparet WaAsitrebwoartneer Solid Waste Capt d % oWfaBsm tUeTwoattaelreme Solid Waste HomeTexiles --%ofBAUmTbootmael Wastewater - S6of SBolUid WTaosttael . Paperand irborne 3 Packaging SWoalsitdeWwaastteer CPheefmoircmaalnsce A%ofW BU Tb otal ome Wastewater Solid Waste TomforAL Ai%boofmBeU Total BUS Wastowdter 102060000 1830300000 3500 293000000 5N1A0T00 D100,00000 Combined Solid Waste? 59000 200000 1300000 1500000 1,037,000 - Landfill 380,000 NA" r E i itet sy 12dte3.e IAnmxcmianheriattineonelosonp asn,1e00wewiod ernagce hfoonstpeeriearssrcpeoienn asc .o sniaeeioofgw6a5s 7e,at0i0e0ryeBNGaa/A 0)0TAi ooanetdoetotvsemalat,yoebberiossntotnoofcalaoinv,iteadfep199o7-1c999.hetoF708.FOSsq dost shy fchdlel (TFhieeamiboneusodnnceiereaetseefnoeae oamtbiedty asyocSmuonedkprniod iTecw eyisepdasheheowysfseagleseorf.POSEmaser124 A0TSreoisdFserBensfoAoevmeteted idvoisakplboinocrimntionofatnohrweudtsschudyespmrinetodwsiime rodsodcesidto5n5k taieptiaeed es coma ot rssh ode midspf cof ls (0)iHoor seposrconmmetsrhr.m econdio ightempes ssi 0 noFCs las 10havin i 001953 ieBBartteelmlateion. `April 21l, o20a00. . Page ix  7" Final Report - Glossary oCpuesrtaotimoenrs:aCndomppearfnoyrmosr pfraocicleistsyintghatfoarcfcuerptthserpursoed.uctPrsohciepspseidngfrdoomne3bMy manufacturing customers can ~~ include dilution or other mixing, application, re-packaging, etc. Both 3M clients and contract manufacturers are considered customers, however, distributors are generally not considered customers. End-Product: Finished goods used by consumers (usually thegeneral public). Examples orfeseinsdt-anptrofodruncittusrei,ncslpurdaeytcraenast,edalgkaarlmiennetcsl,eafnreernsc,h-eftcr.y containers, installed carpeting, stain- Effluent: Liquid release. Waste carried in a liquid media from final treatment as an ambient discharge. J: fEimniaslstiroenast:me~ntGeannedraalrleyduissecdhaarsgeadstyonoanmybimefnotr mreeldeiaas.e, eTmyipsisciaolnlsy atrheewmaesdteisa tthoatwlheiacvhe wastes are dischargedisspecified, e.g. airborne emissions. pErnodd-uPcrtomdiuxctturMeixitsutrhee:combinGaetnieoranlolfycahpepmliiccaabllse rteoquliiqrueidd teondp-rpordoudcuecttsheondleys,irtehde eenndd-- . sporlovdeunctts., Ianndmaotnhyercaascetisveenadn-dpriondauccttisvecionngtraeidnieantmsi.xtEunredo-pfrsoudlufcotnamtiexdtupreersflauroeroacshseummiceadlst,o be uniform mixturesofall ingredients, An example of an end-product mixture is the home care fabric protector (Red Can) mixture which contains 1.5% (by weight) FC-1860. `Ppreordfulcuotr(oocrhePmriocadlu-cmtanMuaftaecrtiuarli)n:g _facMialitteireisal(e.g. sDheicpapteudr, fom AL) to c3usMtomersuflafcoinliattieeds (customers include both 3M clients and contract manufacturers). Products are typically referredto using product codes, suchas FC-807, FX-1801, FC-170C, etc. : Release: The discharge of sulfonated perfluorochemicals or end-products wcoansttaeiwnaitnegr tdhiessceharcgheesmitchaalts arteo ftuhrethearmbtrieeanttedaernveinroontmecnotn.sideFroerd,reexleaamspelse., Hiondwuesvterira,l o- rinedluesatsreisa.l stack airborne emissions that are discharged to the ambient air are considered tWraesattemweantteprr:iorWatsotereclaerarsieedinitno a liquid ambient memdediiaa.fromThtihse point of includes bdiostchhairngdeusttoriaflurtahnedr residential liquid wastepriorto treatment. `aWatsrteeatSmternteamop:erationWapsritoergteonerrealteeadseat taonythsetageenvoifrtohnemelnitfe.cycPlaerttha1t iosftrtahnesfeRrerleedasteo Estimation report estimates sulfonated perfluorochemical waste streams. e Battelle April 21, 2000 % Page x