Document Ex9N4azdDGggk4oG7g3qXKxgR

FRIDAY, CCTCZER 25, 1374 WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 39 o Number 203 PART !1 Acrrrcr Ail W ?V E Proposed Amendments to ^ctionc! Emission Standards PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ASARCO ELP 0000384 38064 PROPOSED RULES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION sources of asbestos emissions are not cov Insulating products which contain no AGENCY ered and some portions of the asbestos commercial asbestos have been developed \ standard need clarifying. Tire Adminis- for many applications, largely because of [ 40 CFR Part 61 ] ' \ trator believes that the clarifications the known occupational hazards of in IFRLS75-1) ________ MERCURY \ proposed herein are sufficiently substan stalling products such ns (.ho common tive to warrant proposal for public com- types of molded asbestos pipe InsnlaLion. . J ment, rather than inclusion in the clari Friable, molded thermal Insulation wmch Proposed Amendments to National Emls-/ tying changes which were promulgated. contains asbestos is no longer manufac sion Standards for Hazardous Air Pol- without prior proposal, on May 3, 1974. tured In the United States, and asbestos- '''^Jutants On~Apffl'0,-1973-<38- FR 8820), pur suant to section 112 of the Clean Air Art. nr, amended, the Administrator pr?mul,r!'.ted national emission standards for the hazardous air pollutants asbes tos, beryllium, and mercury. Clariiymg amendments to the original standards ((* pmmulcuted on May 3.1974 iny FR in....si. u> advise the public how the ....... ,rt ms ere being interpreted in ,\i. try i-nfoi cement activities. The Aa- m -Mstrator proposes herein amend ments to the standards for asbestos and mercury. The Administrator also pro poses amendments to Appendix B. Test Methods, of this part. In accordance with Asbestos Manufacturing. It is the Administra tor's judgment that the manufacture of shotgun shells and the manufacture of asphalt concrete are major sources of as bestos which should be added to the list' of nine manufacturing operations cov ered hy the promulgated asbestos stand ard. Tlie asbestos emissions from the two additional manufacturing operations will be limited to tne same extent as those of the other nine manufacturing opera tions: Visible emissions to the outside air are prohibited, but an option of using specified air-cleaning methods is pro vided. free products are now available for the complete range of temperature require ments. Fiberglass Is used at lower tem peratures, and ceramic fibers arc used for extremely high temperature require ments. A shgslos-free sutasti tutes : iv-: iso ,nvn tin life foF I'mvocn.d asocstos ci. i g ont insulation. ~ -- -- --. While control methods are available for the installation ol friable a.-in.- (os in sulating material:, and for their I'moval during demolition and renoi'aiioii. she methods permit some asbestos etnisiions during these operations and during the disposal of the accompanying waste materials. The availability of an eco nomical and more effective control method, i.e., the use of asbestos-free in section 117 of the Act, publication of ^Fabrication. Fabrication operations sulating products, together with the un these proposed amendments was pre were excluded from the promulgated certainty as to the nature of tiie dose- ceded by consultation with appropriate standard because it was thought that response curve of asbestos in man, indi advisory committees. Independent ex only new construction sites were major cates that it would be prudent to prohibit perts, and Federal departments and fabrication sources of asbestos emissions the use of friable asbestos insulating _npencies. _------------------------------------------- and these were thought to be adequately products. Even though the use of these Interested persons may participate in controlled by Occupational Safety and asbestos products in the United States this rulemaking by submitting written (Health Administration (OSHA) regula has been largely discontinued, a regula comments (in triplicate) to the Emis tions. The petition of the Environmental tion is necessary to stop the use that still sion Standards and Engineering Division. Defense Fund, et al,, questioned the ex exists and to ensure that, such product.'; Environmental Protection Agency. Re- clusion of fabrication operations from arc not used again in tin: lullin'. \ search Triangle Park, North Carolina V 27711. Attention: Mr. Don R. Goodwin. Tlid" Administrator- will welcome-com*' ments on all aspects of the proposed reg ulations. including economic and tech nological issues, and on the proposed test method. All relevant comments received not Inter lh:m December S. 1974. wilHie (uiiMiii'icd. Comments received will" be av.iimim: for public inspection at the Of fice of Public Affairs, 401 M Street 8W., Washington. D.C. 2O4G0. Background in formation materials explaining the ac tion taken have been published in a re the promulgated standard. In response to these questions, the Agency conducted further investigations of the various fab rication operations involving asbestos products. These investigations showed that asbestos products other than insu lating products are field-fabricated to only a limited extent and that Die Agency's previous reliance on OSHA regulations to cover field fabrication is unnecessary. However, the investiga tion showed that fabrication of some asbestos products in central .`.lions is a major source of asbestos emissions. /"' Asbestos is used in numerous manu- I facturcd products, and many of tiic \ products undergo some type of fabrica tion prior to application in an end use. (Some fabrication involves cutting opera- ; lions which do not generate large quanli- ties of asbestos emissions, for example. ! ( he cutting to size of vinyl-asbestos lioor '.tile during installation. In oilier in stances, processing which ouiilii be i.'-r- fonned ut fabrication sil.i's is inro:no- rul-cd into losMiifsctiiring o|i"i:'ti*ios: tins type ol iiioi'i-:isiiii; is :ilnsuiv i ns pint iii i.J11 roiTi-.poooiog - port entitled Background Information It is the judgment of tins Administrator tunin', iipi'ratiuii ny l.ne :.i:nioo i u pi'.'n- on National Emission Standards for Haz tliut the only ileld-labriratnig operation ''iill'.iiti-ii on April (', 197::. is..simps s or ibis ardous Air Pollutants, Proixised Amend for asbestos products which is a major practii'i' lire the eiiiiduic ol mol nr v ments lo Standards for Asbestos and source is the installation of molded ns- hide In'.'il.e linings when it is door :d. tin- Merrury (ErA-490/2-74-009). Tilis re- /beslos insulating materials. Tltc noieiid- site ol luiiiiulactiire, and Mi< < i^tom port Is ion voluminous to publish in ther* lmiieotnift. iproposed herein prohibits the in .'.iy.itIK of beslos eetiienl. sorels inr i.im- l-'i nF.K.M, IIkristeh: copies arc available stallation of flic following material:: that strui'.l.iou of Individual h-'ib'.' . m r- on request from the Emission Standards contain commercial asbestos: Molded | iortal'fl ;ls pm I. ol 1.1 if* inniiio 11 : o and Engineering Division. Research Tri insulating materials which are friable I proeess before l.ne pioiluel. Inis i< i * ! . angle Park. North Carolina 27711. At- anil wcL-upplii-d insulating materials * linrileiieil eoiidil.ioii. ii-uMon: Mr. Don R. Goodwin. The in r^whieh arc .(l iable plLcr (Irving. , . j Hu tin: hn: i.. ol Iplmm: moo I.I:I, i[ formation contained in this report is A wide variety '()r''iuMs;W.`,lnsu'iuling ilurillg llivis.l.i!-:il.:iin oi 10" '."ii ions i.o.i i- lincfiy discussed iiclow. products lias been used for thermal in- isll.lun Iipeie.l.iniis involving -o's.o.s Tltc. Environmental Defense Fund, et sulaUon. Many, though not all, of the producl-s, I In* Anniiiusl.isiinr In", oiir- nl.. filed on May 7.1973 a Petition for Re products are friable and produce signifi luilied t.luit con te il.ii>n oi 'In olio';.og view ol the mil (mini emission standards cant quailtil.ii'S of asbestos-roii tabling m:i I is I*-'Is ill r'11'.i''il i',iu e :*i ii-". ' is for lissnrdnn.s air pollutants pioimilcnti-d dust during culling In lit I'oulmo:: of . ii inn ioi iviom o'," * i-* .i'*.'*i.' ii on Aprfi (i. 1973. As a result of tills ac spi'i'.llli: ci11111itiii-itb and dining lii'.Udlu. A' In ' In' i i OH lit I.oil'lii'* i.''l*** tion. the Agency investigated Uni need turn. One common type ol I liable insula .... # i n;i iii. end :.t for extending coverage of tltc standards tion is molded, iusbcsuis-reinioreeil 'innim'. Jf*r : i.v niSloi' i i ii o ( . .10 C'.i In additional sources of asbestos mid blocks, itlu'i'l.".. and semicircular si'i'tlons n .lir-.lnn......mi- ................ #.- mercery in ordei to prolcel public iieallli for plpi* lli.Mlliil.lon. Molin' |i,iWdi*i*( us meld, lo till' 11-1.' '* I.*l",.| |` with an ample margin of safeLv. In ad tli'.'.lir: ei'liii'iil. pindii' i-'. v/im ii .if niDril jm1 Ill'll in l, liinil II.* ............... `it dition. experience by tin: Agency In en- iiiio a slm vf\liu.L.LC.L''f_Lu Iii-.idutc ex- ii.',Ims.Ui.s 111,in iii,Iml l.iOl I* ,il l, -l..,|.,, iorciug tiic standards promulgated on Ciiiitolv irregular shapes are al:x3 iriauVe, widen prurt-'. ;io.e i.vpt * nl lo.iieii.o* April tf. 1973, revealed that several major alter drying; ~ *-- lured products. Tim proposed imcmi* FEDERAI. REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 208--FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1974 ASARCO ELP 0000385 7\ l'J I PROPOSED RULES i f/6''1 .[?: u-Vk. RS0G5 merit prohibits visible emissions to the outside air but provides an option for using specified air-cleaning methods, which is (lie snmc emission limit that is specified for asbestos manufacturing sources. Asbestos cement building nroducts inrindc Hat sheets rorruentod sheets, shingles, and laminated panels whioir aie^used for wails umi__i:ools_flL inrinsi.rlnr hntlriTiics. canal bulkheads, cooling tower construction, and other applications. The major applications of asbestos eement or asbestos silicate board 'hi: h ii---olve fahr'ee*inn iiavo been 'fieri as ci ntilation hoods: ovens: t-it-nl uan is; laboratory Imnitire: bulhl'en-J - ya -titions, and ccil'iigs for "demolition" (39 FR 15396) to clarify that demolition includes the removal or stripping of friable asbestos materials or specified items insulated or fireproofed with friable asbestos materials prior to the wrecking and removal of load-sup porting structural members. The current demolition provisions of the asbestos standard apply only to "friable asbestos materials." Enforcing the standard led to questions about which materials are "friable" and which materials are not "friable." It Is not pn::Fihle to specify friability in a quanti- nablc way because there is no slandaul- ii-.ed test method for friability; Hie provisions proposed herein ihnocwluedveera.k erate asbestos emissions similar in mag nitude to operations covered by the promulgated standard, and these opera tions are therefore major sources of as bestos emissions: 1. During renovation of buildings or structures, the stripping of significant amounts rif li'iabie aspestos material' fi-nm ninne hoiiprc tanks, reactors, tur bines ftirpncqs. or structural memoers; or the removing of suon-pip--- aimfpa. riiius in sections! 1 Z. Ddfh"uemolition of buildings or structures, the stripping of friable asoe-stiis materials from tanks, reactors, turbines, furnaces, anti non-lor.d-supporting structural members: or the re niar'tie : tisti Jclion: ~nd flow _control definition for "friable a-.h~;t.ns materiaL'vC'mvi1t' of s',ch apparatus in sections. [ u- 111 * molten' luv.znv 1 .in'-tigITT 'sh C fils' i rici i "i yrmuieTit IViVIOTc hiTim .. cinirh tarings for nuilor ve- ' : i "foreeirent of the asbestos 'ci'ilard revealed the existence < f facililies which fabricate automotive brake hoc linlncs but do not manufacture the linings as that term is defined in the promulgated regulations, nnd therefore are not covered by the standard. The fabrication operations performed at these facilities arc similar to those at asbestos friction product manufacturing plants, which are covered by the stand ard. Tlie proposed amendment extends coverage of the asbestos standard to these fabrication operations, but does not apply to brake shoe radius-grinding which is sometimes performed during brake shoe replacement on automobiles to ensure good braking immediately after Installation. Relatively small uuantitics of asbestos-containing dust are generated by individual installers, and even these small quantities were being controlled at facilities inspected by the Agency. Combination brake drum grind ing and brake shoe rndius-grinding ma chines arc in general use which are equipped with a local dust pick-up and i:thne-typo filter for collection of the Tiie. definition -is---"-;-:-n--y---i-n--a-t-e--n--n--i--t-h--a--t--c-o- n3.t.-im.-: m ye.'than l_|iercpiii asbestos by ivcignt and' tiiat catijbe "erumoied. ouiV(;rb.ca.~biM'i-auced~to pbwticr. wiien dry, by hand prcssure7r~Thc use of tiie term `Jtnaoie asbestos material" in the stand ard is intended to distinguish between materials such as vinyl-asbestos floor tile and molded asbestos pipe insulation. The asbestos fibers in floor tile are tightly bound and cannot escape easily; however, asbestos fibers in molded mate rials are readily released. The Agency has received comments from demolition trade associations con cerning the friability of corrugated as bestos paper insulation. The determina tion of whether this type of insulation is friable is complicated. Friability of such piu>cr after installation appears to de pend on the degree of deterioration of the paper binders. New paper insulation docs not seem to be friable, but insula tion which has been installed for a long period of time is more likely to have During demolition of buildings or structures, the stripping of friable as bestos material from previously remove-1 unun or sections of pipes, boilers, re actors. turbines, furnaces, and structural members covered with friable asbestos materials. The Administrator has determined that a four-unit apartment building, the maximum size apartment building that is excluded from the asbestos standard, typically contains 80 meters of insulated pipe and 15 square meters of insulation on a steam boiler. Renovation operations involving such quantities of friable `as bestos materials could therefore generate asbestos emissions of the same magnitude as the demolition operations presently covered by the standard. Therefore, the Administrator proposes to extend the asbestos standard to cover renovation operations witii emission potential of a magnitude similar to that of demolition operations covered by the standard. It is recognized that in some renova tions, such as the replacement of a boiler undergone some deterioration and be come friable. Therefore, the determina tion of whether corrugated asbestos in an apartment building, it may not bo feasible to provide 10 days' notice as re quired by Hie asbestos standsrd. Accord paper insulation is friable will be made ingly, the amendments proposed herein on a caso-by-case basis. specify that notice of any renovation op hrske lining dust. Also, the emissions arc The proposed definition of "friable as eration must, be provided "as carlv as eiierollv vented lulu the room where bestos lualerlar1 excludes those materials iHis-ubie" prior to Hie omumc:rtc:-monfc n; the opeiiiliou liikes place nitlicr than Unit rnni.am less tliaji 1 percent asla-stos renovation. When 10 day:;' notice is i;ns- K-i ihe not side air. by wen'llt. This exclusion is intended to sioio. tiie nonce siioulu be nostmarka t' ''ii ant! tli'mmituui. Amcud- make tin.- demolition provisions consist Miiit oariv. ieiii i" Hie. demolition provisions of ent wILIi tiie spraying provisions which It is proposed lliat the demolition pro 1 lie asbestos standard are proposed IMU'mlt Uie use of spray-applied asbestos visions lie amended to ailow load-sup- I'omn. A dclhi'tlon of "friable asbestos insulation or fireproofing Unit contains porting st.riioi.urai members to bo wi-cokcr. nalerial" Is promised, and ait exemption less Limit i percent asher.Los by weight. before ltiahlc asbestos mater,ai is re imin certain wetting requirements under Asbestos insulation or lirepmoiiug ma moved from tin: entire building -ir struc Mibliee.-lnr. conditions Is promised. It is terial:.- have in l.iie past generally ron- ture. provided Mini: -at 'ihe frir.i.-lc also i'iopi".od that the standard cover Iallied between 10 nnd !HI pi-i-ecnl. n.-.hi-.-.los :isbc:.l.os pish-rial in tiie urea that is be -mi" atlon operations and si ripping of by weight. No mati-riais are known licit ing actively wrecked ui'-ryevi'iir.iy re PI:!!: (ns ether (hall pipes, hnlleir.. Illllt eontaln IhiIow 1 iiercctil asbestos by moved aocnrdiug to ilje procedure-- ro- I smI upm'i'ltlir slnietur!d memhers. weight, with the exception of reecniiy quireq ov Hie standard, and H>i ihe ilie deinotif inn provisions. HI CFU devi-loiKul sprny-on insulation or iiro- friable asbestos materiel in a1'1 rs not be 1 :ut ill. require a report, to the Admlnls- primlmg products and materials that ing v.-rccked still can be .-.tripped or re i niter of Intent ion to demolish. It has contain asbestos as a natural contami moved prior to r.usbcoueut active wreck been ouestloued whether friable asbestos nant. ing in those areas. The pror.o n:r,vi- reileriab: may be renmved from a Intlld- Tiie pi'imutlgalcd asbestos regulation sion does no), slier too slrinr.e.-iev of i.ne i r.-i m i-. faelllly, nr lieilntlsl loll dm-.-i not apply lo iniov.'d ion opi-ml unit? ssl.i- ms sisndajd but tin--: p-ov.ili- some i*' :iM" t-> `11`nilll lite. Ihe n-perl. mitt u'll Ii where tuml-.-.iippui'tiiig :.l.im-(.iiral itiriti- lli-mlnhtv lo llie-eontracior is-tviii:; oul .-n i..!!.iwinr ihe unit pmellees nl the lii-t's lire hot wrecked: or lo .-.tripping and a ilenioill.ion operation. intieiKl. The iiilrut nl the standard is removal in sections of appai-.-il.iis other The demolition industry eooimeriinl ci---l,tl eqil reins ef :*-hi-;ln-: flmil I.IlO limn pipes, boilers anti load-supporting Ihat Hie ptoiiiiili-uted ssis-stn: rhuidard (ilpi'liir mu.I i, m,i m I ,.| the riblhte n-t-. slrneltmil tti<-iuliet-.-i covered with Ti'JiiIiIi- .-.litiulil iirrniil pipe:: or apparriu.; In lie I..* iu.,1. i i-ii a-, ii.,|l in Imtti (lie tie Ii-.lii-.lo-i Iinlerliila. lut-i-.-.M|-n( Iona enn- taken mil of liinldine.:: or slriletuiiv. tn ,'i.it . n Mtie e|.mi id Inlet. I 'ntiM'iinenl.lv, tliu-li-tI In i.he Ae.eiiey liuiinile Hull. Ihe mill., nr in st-el inns wii.lioul first stripping d K | it npn.,ed tn trll-.r. Ihe (lelllllUnli nl billowing o|>ci-iilion.'i can poLeitllally gep- the asbestos m.-mialion or fi reproofing. FE0ERAI REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 208--FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, ./) , / ; 'irtlQIrnoi^ . , ASARCO ELP 0000386 rtSOGG PROPOSED RULES Tlie promulcated standard does not pro from the requirement of stripping or re 'water without creating visible emissions hibit this practice: but since such ques moving of friable asbestos materials be to_~the_~aUnospnerc. then cruling die tions had been raised, amendments were fore demolition. The order for emergency wctLcd ..waste . into impermeable i on- promulcated (39 PR 15396) bo clarify demolition must be made by an author tamers, labeling the container:; to pm- that this practice is permitted. The ized representative of the appropriate Vidc notice Unit a hazardous innirnnl i.: units or sections can be stripped at the State or local governmental agency. The contained within, and oeposil.uig lue demolition site or other unenclosed area after removal, or possibly in an enclosed proposed amendments require that the report of intention to demolish be post filled containers at a disposal site. The second method allows for the asbestos building. Tiie stripping operations for units or sections are considered by the marked as early as possible prior to the commencement of demolition. In such waste' to lie formed into non-friablo pel lets without creating visible emissions to Administrator to be major asbestos emergency operations, the portions of the emission sources similar to stripping per structure containing friable asbestos ma formed in place in buildings or struc terial must be wetted during the wreck tures. Therefore, 't is proposed herein ing operation. This requirement applies tin1 tV '(:>.> ireui' nt for wetting friable even in in ezing weather, since such rs-:.:;tor Mtsueitnu, and fireproofing ma spraying wdl not endanger workmen terial.-. iltiiinj strii pinit in buildings mid within *'-.e b-.:'>,ing. st) uctu-e.i b- ex-ended In cover the ' rli -cm of p pcs or apparatus removed 'mtc DiiiosiiZ. 1 petition of theEn Fund, et al,, ques in : ps oi m ui its from the biuidipcs tioned the exclusion of asbestos waste .............'iir-, --.-Itii the asbestos materials disposal operations and some portions of tii. i. '! '.'lion is also included for ti"si erific - air-cleaning equipment if tip- stiPiping is carried out in an en closed area. asbestos mill-tailings disposal operations i from the promulgated standard. In rej sponse to the questions raised, the (Agency initiated a more extensive study 11 is proposed herein that the require ment of the promulgated standard for wetting of asbestos insulation and fire proofing during stripping from a build ing, structure, facility or installation b'e suspended when the temperature is below O'C (32;F) at the place of wetting the friable asbestos materials. Demolition contractors have commented that wet ting at temperatures below this level pro duces freezing of oversprayed water and hazardous footing for workers. On the basis of observations by the Agency of of emissions from the disposal of asbes tos-containing waste materials. Asbestos ambient air monitoring studies were con ducted at an asbestos mill-tailings dis posal site, and at a waste disposal site for asbestos manufacturing and fabricat ing operations. In addition, seven as bestos waste disposal or landfill opera tions, and six asbestos mill-tailings dis posal sites were inspected. Discussions were held with asbestos manufacturing plant operators, asbestos fabricating p!ant_operators, and demolition contrac- the Administrator has determined that the spraying of water in those areas where workers will be walking presents a rtots. The iTsuits of this investigation ittdicated that asbestos waste disposal should be regulated by the national emis sion standard for asbestos. Amendments the outside air and then depositing the pelletized waste at a disposal site. The Agency investigation revealed Liiat in some cases empty paper and olnsue hags that previously contained . r sos were contaminated with asboshr fib'-r:: and were incinerated. There is no imo-vu control ticvice available that ailt.'.v,. mo:.), solid waste incinerators to ronl.ro! par ticulate emissions to the level st iusv. for such sources as asbestos null. ; no manufacturing operations c.overco ov lie: promulgated regulation. Tig-re sip <-nv:rotimcntally acc.fpta'ole tiltt-it:it.:v<: oisposul methods for disposing oi sorii waste, such as landfilling. Acc.oruinglv, it is proposed herein to prnnibit Die incineration ofcontainers sutTa'a'i' paper or plastic bags that previously contained commercial asbestos. r~rThe proposed provisions for waste disj posal sites require that there be no visible: (emissions to the outside air limn tub-, j bpcrations~|)erformeu at'Uie :-n% and . from the deposit "d v.-ssie. In addition. it "is" proposed Unit warning signs bt- in stalled Lo alert tlie'i-' in i.u immi" *il Hie poieill.ia.1 aslie.-.io. us/.sitl. sou l.hat J flint::; lie iiistsll>-n to ii-.us-.t see.'-", of `tiie general puiiljt: to the tic uo-.s! : n.e. The mtenL of tiie fencing requirement is 'from thiSi^SIffiS asbestorSCd ^ ^ UiSPSal 01 to provide a positive deterrent to the freezing weather is therefore. proDoscd. However, friable asbestos materials must still bn removed from the building or structure prior to wrecking, and proce dures have been specified in the proposed amendment which will minimize asbestos emissions when the wetting requirements are suspended because of freezing weather. Fines and specified apparatus wiiii triable asbestos materials intact must lie i moved iti sections prior to wuwkiiig whenever possible. Once these sections arc removed from buildings, subsequent stripping of friable asbestos wastes generated by asbestos mills: and for asbestos manufacturing, fabricating, demolition, and spraying operaltons which are covered by either the promulgated standard or provisions pro posed herein. The proposed standard con trols . the waste disposal operations of packaging, transporting, and deposition at a waste disposal site, and operation of the asbestos waste disposal site. f Tim proposrd provisions lor the dis posal oC asbestos waste require (.hut. Micro be no visible emissions to Lhe outside air durum anv :.i;-:,e oi Uio disposal process. general public, especially children, in gaining entrance to the disposal silo, creating asbestos dust by disturbing tiie surface of Lho wasl.i: site, and li-e-mooe exposed to asbrslos emissions. Jl tie: as bestos waste is diMio.-a-tl of m a. i-mniill operation that is covered by at l-.'-.t t.'i t-.t-nUniefers of non-:-- li--.I'l-.-eo.iiaiiiiii'' piateiia! or 11* ct-ol iiie-f'-t * oi on i : It111I :l1111111- uial.ci .-.il on o atlequal.t: vepi-t cov r r: in. p-r - minor ili.-.tiirliaiic'-; ; c.m- - ill i a-; wallring will not eiui.e tin- r- in iai.io.i of a.-.be.stos eioi--:itui:.. 'I hi-i'-l-ii' . *. u .';et:fion:; oi a (ti oo-'al *.it*' ar- e-.-rm,,t from tin: leni-iog rrq'iu'ettiful. The prop'isi-d allero: no 'om;.il lume v.il.li Ilu- nti-vr ml1 `oil - u- ,:- ,under :>ll circumstances. It is 11 in Ad- icmi-.i-stor's judgment that, when the .'hove measures are taken, the suspen sion or the wetting requirements during periods of freezing weather will continue In protect human health with an ample margin of wilety. A revision is prnimsod herein widcli makes the reporting mimrenieiiLs for e'upvrfiey demolition operations mure e' uii, t. ;,iui rcquirr.'; writing during such onciitli ms. .)piv I'uililiiii's.slructures, fneillticmul >nsl:.IluMinis which hove lieeu ordered to lie oeiiioiisltrd because Miry rro sliiiclnrnily unsound and in danger of imminent collapse would be exempt/ed native to eomniying witIf Liu- uo-visiiiie- tipileiiieot lor waste ti": 1 . cmissinus requirement of the rnuilatioo. tllvitltvl qil.o l.-.vo eiooi*. hi- 1.1 o *: The method proposed as all alternative, most Vtitiudv V.dll ai a-- I......... .. to the no-visiblc-emisoion requirement !:pet:ili-t| tli qitisai ii'<-liio.l- 10r ....................... for asbcslns mill waste disposal requires ..ec.tltms of til" :.i`e ami . i, I*-.f:.l. oi." . ,/i i that the w.ixte be adequately wetted with lied management inei.li-.q for It 'ml , 71; a specified dust suppression agent, with .secftoti:; of a :ii". The |>o|l.'>'fo out e.reatiiig visible eiiiKsloit:: l.o llir out l.itui tli l.ifiqoca,' \ ii* -o side air. nod sulisequoiitly (l<-pu-.iti-tf at a te-Uvr - rrUon- *,! -,,i oi ' disposal site. Ot|.*. lo! I oil!.! olJilil* , o- O Two iri` nruim-.rd u:\ 11 t(tti < livt**; let liir fitir. ;iiuti I**c*r in i;if* IV" I, liif'llf. lOI* lit** v*:rlr r i .i* *i 1f oT lin' il*- iiihfiolio'l.oi oo', ) i*>*j i*"}i i.ittr, Ij li'lltli ilull O rl'l dciiKilitioii. unit ;|jiuyiiik 1 ifl.lffM'l. l ><! method allows wetting Uie wiustc wun riivn i Oil i.hr llll'lfui Oi IIHII ` ..I I, , lll.tl I - .I !7 : 't,i' `l. .t.heA FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 39, NO, 308--FRIDAY/ OCTOBER 25, 1974 J / .. .. / lAJ^l ASARCO ELP 0000387 PROPOSED RULES end of each operating day, will reduce that emission release conditions repre of the mercury in tiie sludge ..re .......... emissions. sentative of sludge incineration sites have Into llie atmosphere, the plant ...... Tlie Agency's guidelines for Land Dis been usea. The assumptions and equa emit 6.800 grams id' mei'niiy p* o. posal of Solid Waste which were promul tions used to make tiie dispersion esti This amount is over tv/iet* llie ma one gated on August 14. 1974 <39 FR 29333), mates are discussed in the background allowable loeieur,- emission nee* oiv recommend that the thickness of com information report. protect public la .ill.lt with mi amid': ma pacted final cover for waste disposal sites At the time of proposal C3G FR 23239) gin of safety, .'iluilgn Incineration lac; should noc be less than 60 centimeters and promulgation <33 FR 8820) of the ilics with rapacities of l.!ii|h.ni/0 l:g << tea. 2 feet). However, those guidelines national emission standard lor mercury, 4,000.000 pounds) per dsy are hen do not apply to mining wastes. Since as the Agency had no information which plntmrtl loropi ration in :!U!). bestos tailings piles are generally large indicated that sewage sludge incinera fit View tit tin: potentially large in*- in area, over 400.000 square meters <cn. tion plants emit mercury m fiuunLities eury emission, limn .slodee ineiii'a;>a 10O ores' in some *"nncs. tho requirement that could rau.'c the .'uubicut cotiren- plants, the Annum .1 ralot has no.. `)' a In ?l non-asbestos.... .. ma- I ration to exceed 1 mieroa.iam per cubic I par, it i.. prtini in. lo lino:, or i no '. '< eid ro r '! HO cciitimelev:: feeti meter averaged over :i .Ti-dny period. .shin,*: imm 1.1.u!o:*e. '.Vims /.o : 'I'li' a '0 r-ueh large. i'cply sUmeil The irUormnuou available to the Admbi- inemerai.ioii !a"iiiliis ap- ! i:o vn :mv. g-u-mnliv me pi-\etie 'I. ^cpovrliiin- isi 'atcr included stack teals for mercury e.veueo'm*: iue ;,///-): eo ,;n rem v* lv. 'lie proposed alteniauvs inr inactive missions at live sewageindue incinera .sioii lmig.atio.i ai !.u ; i ., i;.. p, .p-. '.'' i**ns >; f.-hrstos mill t ulinis disposal tion plants. Tiie maximum emission rate limitation wdi :,: v ni a mm ip.- <c - inri'id" the use of un .1- sr.['prcs..ion vms 125 grams of mercury per day based sioii pio.,iem oecmia-': m i * us. t.hi-lt is not included for other on one of tiie tests which was later Lilly- Iiv epsur;; 'ijaf i. : I : , .'So* stos 'vaste disposal site- tiiat are reg- judged to bo invalid on tiie basis of mass . farilitie.. mve .11 nl : ami m.v. bn: ' nlanii. Emissions from inactive asbestos balance calculations. Emissions for the tl'oi of pnl.eni,,i! until;urv cim: ;ons pie mill tailings disposal sites, or inactive remaining four tests ranged from 1 to to construction. sections of such sites, are regulated by 40 grams of mercury per day. Compliance v.nli the proposed t.l-'i" the followjng_altentative methods _that After promulgation of tho national am can in: tie:iu>i:strui'--'i eiilnT hv d' P reduce asbestos emissions: emission standard for mercury, ques mining tin: mercury foment a ml eba 1. Spra.ving the surface of the site with tions concerning the impact on public ing.ralo of sluoin: and : imwiirt tual. i. a resinous or petroleum-based dust sup health of mercury emissions from sewage mercury input in to lie: nvi.'i`-int:oii pin pression agent according to the manu sludge incinerators were raised by the is less than tin: maximum allowaole 'mi facturer's recommended application rate, Environmental Defense Fund in their sion, or by mercury siaci: sntmifin;:. f.io or Petition for Review of the national emis aifcctcd facilities are expected to rhoo 2. Covering the disposal site with 15 sion standards for hazardous air pol the less expensive sludge .sampling n centimeters of nonhsbestos-containing lutants. Similar questions were raised tion: relatively few, ii any, will lunl material, and establishing and maintain in connection with proposals to construct necessary to sample sl:e-l: emissions. ing a cover of vegetation on the disposal several large sludge incineration facil Until the original national emi:re site adequate to control wind and water ities. In response, the Agency initialed a standaid lor itntriity and the piopo erosion. study to more completely characterize amendments :u- <|c; igm d to eontiol t 3. Covering the disposal site with 60 emissions of mercury from sewage sludge concentration til nierem.y m the io/ibn- centimeters of non-asbestos-containing incinerators. air adjacent to the point source. liin material and maintaining such a cover in Results from one emission test con tiio standard is concerned primarily wi an erosion-free condition. ducted during the more recent investi tiie threat posed by inlndittion of me Emissions from inactive asbestos waste gation gave an emission, factor of I.G5 cury in air immediately proximate disiwsal sites! or inactive sections of such grams of mercury per metric ton of the point source, it dors not deal with l sites, other than asbestos mill tailings sludge incinerated, dry solids basis. Tiie long-range hazard posed by tin: : piles, are regulated by the following al mercury stack sampling method de __t\on of mercury from thee point .sc:;-' ternative methods that reduce asbestos scribed in Method 101 <38 FR 8035) was i'to the total environmental burn' u. ; omission's: used during the most recent test. The addressed, for exainpn:. i: the ir'ic; 1 Covering the inactive asbostos-con- tsnnne icction of the disposal site with 15 centimeters of non-nsbestox-oeulnin- results of all tents suggest that a sin- I discharged from 'him : '--i*Si on .,. liiliciiut qu.-inUl.v of mercury is c.ullrr.i.cd * smg. ai.d ' h ' ' -''i' ; by water scruliiiers. Ihal. i. v id'..- i. i mg material, and establishing ami main taining a cover of vegetation on tills area adeems tn to control wind and water ero sion. or 2. Covering the inactive section of the asbestos-containing section of the dis posal site with 60 centimeters of non- nsi'cstos-contnioing material and main taining such cover in an erosion-free roixiitlon. \ ' Mkhcuuy' .................... An amendment m tut: mercury stand ard is proposed heroin to limit mercury emissions irotn llie incinerat ion and dry ing of wastewater treatment plant . sludge:: to n mn'.limitn of 3.200 grams per ilsv. Tito emission limit war: <->tlc.illitl.ciI Prom itt.'.persion il.ltmilt*:: In ensure I hut Mercury is emitted hum the ili.vin:: ami lliel 11Vla > ' . i:d ' ' ' ............: ' of municipal sludges ami tiie itieiin*ru- . Iisli. 'i In: Av-i: v oas o""'iiin < i - lion of Industrial wastewater siuflgi's, coneeriieq idiom. Il.e p c,"\,mi n i as well as from the incineration of mu hqrdeii ol meremy. Iio '. si. aim -i nicipal sludges. Tiie preirealiiient of in ating : twin s d ........ .. no dustrial wastewater streams lo remove pee.t f.yin liio t i I"'11 .*' t`, i. .`Ol : mercury before discharge into municipal under the ni'.vr i'-n- o< < *''''* -n A : wastewater treat incur, streams limy lie and iilin r a"" .., . required m tiie lulure. Tins eoiiiil pro duce sludges, wideli might hi: incinerated. I'lm"l::' :i r: . I......... Willi higher eiilieeiitratious u! loeieurv than municipal or eomluned iuiiiurip:il- iildlislrial wastewater l.ieatliieul. plant sludges. Mercury concentrations or sew age sludges nationally average approxlniatcly 5 ppm on a dry .muids basis; however, iippioxiuiately in percent of tlm sludge ::!iin|i|t-s have uirmuy eote'etd.i a . tioiis ui esee::. ol 1., iipio. V*`i v hut'1* Tin* ppi|i-,-l .'ee- .! id . il n .sii'.inlleanl, 11* ' e i d e !s n/ i 'missions'll . ir pis........ ii.eu-n . t. niiUade air: i ` V inav ai -o Pave li in adverse ein-ei . >,ii la:.'- a.ni v.'t'r snitre'--. fn tm* ii'di'w ri r,. ti-c *i i.i.r'ior. bn.-".' r U.` . i: ' oi Me ;i<,:.e . 'i 'in* " '. lie- iii!l'.::ii. ...! o' - I .- I - such Miurrcs wmildtitil rmisr llie umbirul innrury i*tiiirrti(.r;{uim to exceed l mi en-nun pei ruliie meter averae.ed over > 'iii-il.i pet-uni The 1111*1 I .sludge hiemeratloii lacilllle.s me being contemplated for tin: future; lor ex ample. one existing facility will in the near futiue iueiiieiaie aoo.ooo i:g '/. that Va l' i*I' 'I- ^ I. M'll'":- I....................Mil I.i in r'uptul <a ' ' ..' tueiin- pinei-dme i:: the ir, l.lutl. 2.0IIII.IMI1I pl.uiidsi of diy ..lids ii d"7 tr:.'tl lo il'-vlop .".Laiularti.'i lor mercury II this plaid. iiiiHiol :mdge .villi He : ", It, II -a i .1 I PH ore processing l acuities and mercury chlor-niKali plants (38 FR 8820). except highest reasonably ex IKS',led mci'emy content of 15 ppm, and if only 50 percent lo pi' - id ..i".l ' I'" a I" 4 may ism: v w;'"-r i"ilUi' "its FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL '39,,-NQ/^00--FRIDAY^ OCTOBER 25, 1974 \SARCO ELP 0000388 :;si)(is PROPOSED RULES 3. Ollu'r possibly harmful fibers such m: tiherelass niul mineral wool are subsiil.utril lr iisIwsLos ill friable insulat ing materials. 1. Alin-native disposal iticlliods to the ineiucratlim of wastewater treatment plant sludges tony cause mercury pollntion of land and water. 'llie proposed amendments will force morerfllelrntrlrnniturof liases now being emitted to the outside ntr from some usli.-.ies mannfactorinir and fabrication agents have cured for a few hours, they will erode away only with long-term weathering. Although asbestos is no longer used in manufacturing friable insulating mate rials in the United States, the proposed standard bans the use of asbestos and therefore allows the use of substitute libers such ns ceramic wool, mineral wool, and fiberglass. In contrast with as bestos, there is no evidence that these materials cause adverse health circcls in may increase disposal costs for a few facilities, the impact of the proposed standard on new sludge incinerators is also estimated to be small. This notice of proposed rulemaking is issued under the authority of sections 112 and 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 1857C-6 and 9). Dated: October 10. 1974. __ __ John Quarles, Ar.tiiw Adm.ini'-.lratnr. n .t",; iiis eetion in turn will 'soil ill the concenfi'iitions found in occupa It is promised to amend Part G1 of *n me i*i,-i|i>(i ui more r hr:;tit".*roiiiaiu- tional or amli':'u'. environments. Chapter 1. Tiili; 40 of Mu* Code of Fed ii. nni i i i:M or ,tisim:.;il. ilnvcvcr, the The proposed amendment to the mer eral Iloguiaiions uy revising subriart.-, A. d- a (;: i ef sreli \\ :i:;t t! vs ill lie rean- cury standard wid force sludge incinera II. and E and by adding Motliou 105 to . 1111 In the* oi'iipi'i'.inf r-i:uni:ird. ivllteli tion and lirving plants to use alternative Appendix U nr. follows: i ' -,r m alert mil .esmtst emissions saidae disposal methods in only a few * m> i. t--ns- air mirii r. all .dips ol the esses. While the use of land disposal Subpart A--General Provisions i n Mirtlicr. potential ns- ruuld pntciit.ia.Hy cause mercury pollu 1. Section 61.14 is amended by revis .i*. i. .iilmion problems at Uis- tion of land and water, the amount of ing paragraph (c) and adding para I : ; < in be pi evented by proper sludge that would have to be disposed graph id). Tlie revised and added para I. tie'i. ili -ipn and opera lion of the of by this method will be very small coro graphs read as follows: .: i :'il lamintl sites where asbestos v.aites are ilenosped should tie selected s.i as (o prevent lairr/t>nI'll anil vertical inn-1 alien oi asbestos libers to ground in- aiivtace waters. In cases wliere geoliie.ir eetaiiuous may not reasonably en sure this, adequate precautions, such as Mie installation of impervious liners for the waste disposal silo, should be taken in ensure leu".-i.erm nroleelion of the mivMiiiiini-iii.. further. ttie intrusion of ni<ti';i.itn' Into land disposal sites for as1'i".le-i should be. intntml,.".ed. To asaist in the appropriate liitniT use of usliestos waste ilt.soosal sties, the loeatiou of sueb sites siiould be permanently recorded in the appropriate office of the legal juris diction where the site is located. The as na red to the quantity of sludge already being disposed of by methods other than incineration. Adverse environmental ef fects to land and water can be minimized by proper selection, design, and operaf'on of a land disposal method. Economic Impact Although the proposed amendments are not based on economic consideraEfons.'Che Agency has'evaluatcd'thc eco nomic impact and considers it to be rea sonable. Estimated costs for compliance for the several sources covered by the iimetidmctilx. and Uic resulting economic impact, arc discussed in the background Information document. Compliance with the proposed amend 61.14 Source test anil iimilyticul nu tliod*. ** rc) The Administrator may, after no tice to tlie owner or operator, withdraw approval of an alternative method granted under paragraphs (a), (bt. or (d) of this section. Where the test results using an aiternative method do not ade quately indicate whether a source is in compliance with a standard, the Admin istrator may require the use of the ref erence method or its equivalent. ul) Method ion in Appendix B to this part is hereby approved by tlie Admin istrator as an alternative method for sources subject to 5 61.52(b). bestos waste disposal standard will be ments fb~ the asbestos standard will be Subpart B--National Emission Standard beneficial in reducing the amount of as j achieved by the installation of small gas- for Asbestos bestos wastes that are disposed of. since 1 cleaning devices, the use of asbestos-free if will stimulate some manufacturers < materials, wetting during wrecking or who produce large quantities of poten t renovation operations, the application of tial wastes to reuse more of these wastes 1 dust suppression agents to asbestos waste in their processes. The proposed stand- disposal piles, and other methods. Costs ;'| i will not iuerease tlic total quantity ~ mil vary greatly among the categories 2. Section 61.21 is amended by revis ing paragraph (j) and adding para graphs (k). <1), <mt. (n), <oi, (p), 'qj, and <r). The revised and added para graphs read as follows: i i .i b. -iivi waste lu he disposed of from of asbestos .sources because a wide variety 61.21 Dcfiniiiiiii*. .. inlit'iin 'till letiovalinti I'penil.liuts, of .sources of both fugitive and pi-oreas >** but will leault in I lie sean'iaitlmi of the emissions are covered. Costs will also a esio: ivu-.ti' lrom large Humilities of vary greatly among individual asbestos itber ilenioliliou and renovation debris. sources within a category, since the de 1`m mis-* I he l"^le^<os waste will then be gree of control practiced now is variable: iiiiu-e einirentraled. the striet emil.rol of some sources can comply without addi lb- (IIm-.i:at uiH'ialIona under the pro- / tional expenditures. The proposed ! -i iiiilmd will be .more.I'eonomlealt nmendtuciil,-: mav adversely afreet some `i*i*i msieieesMe. j Individual marginal operations, tail the ' be ii- e oi dit.'.l aippreaalon ina'iits aa Impae.t Mi tlie asliestos industries ns a ......melt mil Ii.ida to runt ml wind emaloti whole should not lie large. alt lull inn-: nt llNhestos milt lailllie.s Tlie economic impact of the promised riii and on active seel Inns ul other as- mercury standard im existing sludge inl......' 'ate disposal si1 as should reduce I'luomUon and drying plants is expected in. tolnl ittnotml. of ashestos entering lo Ik* minimal. No known existing plan is : i" iarc ivuiers (rum shell ail.es. Much will exeeccl the standard, and the cost a- ids have been used siifecsslulty to of demonstrating cotiipMatteo will be only im. rent irlnd erosion if died, liotti vurl- alHiut $:!(>!) for most individual sourers. ou i-iiuri urh ns dirt toad.-., mine tiui- t'ldv those new sludge itiriiirrnMon and iu . ili il aiea-. tatai limits and ulr- drying, plaids llmt proees,". lugh-merrui.vf. it - V tide I hi* a* ite.vtils eoiiltl piisslblv roiiteiit sludge, nr extremely large ipian- laud and tenter polliitiiiii probI..... I:w Id <-*i % '( ta. !* over a period ol mol * tb*iM lit m* it i tcia not trvriilei! "" tiiiuiit pulutt Inn prolileina. I ti --.e lo-i-td lire oof bode III the dilute i a ui hi which they me applied. Alter the tltles of .sludge, will be affected by the promised standard. The size of such new .iliidgi* iuelueraSir. will Ik* IIiiiiUsI. with (lie lesiift Unit a million n| tin* sludge will have M> lie ds.misod ol bv alternative methods. While the alternative methods ij) "Demolition" means the Y.Tcr;:m:s or taking out, of anv toau-xupiiorimg structural member and any rciatcd re moving or stripping of friable a-d.-v ins pvi tenuis. *Je `Tiriabli; nsbrsl.n:; iintcml" m< i..; anv maloriiil liiat. contain:: iii**r'* limit 1 percent axliivetn-; bv 11. aiei ".it In: crumbled, paivrnxi-u. or r.-oigM o to powder, wtu-ii' nry, by hand pr-:"- are. Ill "ColVliol device a:Jjer.t(>!*,w:r means any asbestox-rbiimimn:: *... : material tliat is collected in a con.iol device. <mi "Renovating'* me,me the remov ing or stripping of friable ur.mx.lo-; ms-Ae rial used to iuxui.-slc more i ion TJ ineu-r:; tea. 2<i0 leeui i.l ,j.i; or r.- removim* or V.l.rlimu* ol mm,........... .. Mtllaie loe'.'i*' ie:i, ion :on:il" i*el ... Iiianle null'- in:: ki'-i<* !-it im: .1- lale or lireproiil anv hiiii"'\ or-, lor. I.iirlnne. I linen-" or ::l.riir(..nal he tu ber i )|irration:; in woiru ............................ mg structural mrumers arc wrecked or taken out arc excluded. . FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 201--FRIDAY, O1 CI TOBER 25, 1974 ASARCO ELP 0000389 PROPOSED RULES :;gog!> in' "nrmoving" means taking out /asbestos material used for insulation or friable asbestos materials used to late or fireproof any pipe, boiler, insu tank, .fireproofing. i (iv) Address or location of the build remit or, turbine, furnace, or structural ing, structure, facility, or installation. member from any building, structure, (v) Scheduled starting and comple- facility, or installation. itlon dates of demolition or renovation. (o> "Stripping" means taking off fri- < (vi) Nature of planned demolition or able asbestos materials used for Insula renovation and method (s) to be em- tion or fireproofing from any pipe, I ployed. boiler, lank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or (vii) Procedures to be employed to structural member, meet tho requirements of this paragraph mu "bv> rtca'.iiv!" t>v Ms any prnm-s- and paragraph 0) of thisr.oe.Lion. cl i> iip*` ;.-tiij-i-cl |TO<iticl. einituiu- i via i Name, title, and authority of the - dine vi.il asMi'Miis. with Hi" `vn,n- .Stale or local governmental representii.mi i`i j-i- . :.im lempnrnrv il". mr auve who hits ordered a di-iuolii.ion sub- i ;.( ii`t'*:i|; r'ioii or re: ii`ratiou <'' bnil'i- ii'ei. in paragraph id) (4) of this section. -1! j, ;!t neLlie... facilities, or i.elill.i- i", i The following procedures shall be i"i'.i used lo prevent emissions of particulate "tn-etivi sirtioo 'if liispi'.i'l site" asbestos ina'eriai to outside air: i ai m- linp <ji a citspn.al site ui Friable asbestos materials, used to mlillUopal iirlinlos wash- mate- insulate oi- fireproof any pipe, boiicr. lank, i;.i -nil put tie deposited and where the reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural urfi'ci' i:- not disturbed by vehicular member, shall be removed from any traltie. building, structure, facility, or installa i r1 "Active section of disposal site" tion subject to this paragraph. Such re means any section of a disposal site moval shall occur before wrecking or other than an inactive section. dismantling of any portion of such build 3. Section Gl.22 is emended bv revis ing. structure, facility, or installation ing paragraphs ic><10) and (c)(Il), that would break up the friable 'asbestos nil. ifi. and (gi and adding paragraphs materials or that would preclude access Hi'. U'. tj'. (k), and (1). The revised to such materials in another portion for and added paragraphs read as follows: subsequent removal. ft (tl.22 KntiiMim ulniiiliirit. (ii) All stripping shall be accom plished white the friable asbestos .mate , rial is adequately wetted, except as pro ir' * * * i tut Tiic manufacture of shotgun shells. (11) The manufacture of asphalt vided In paragraph (d)(2) (vii) of this .section. (lil) Pipes, boilers, tanks, reactors, turbines, furnaces, or structural members concrete. id' Demolition and renovation: The requirements of this paragraph shall apply to any owner or operator of n demolition or renovation operation who that are insulated or fireproofed with friable asbestos materials may be taken out of any building, structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph as units or in sections provided the fri intends to demolish any institutional, able asbestos materials exposed during commercial, or industrial building (in- eluding apartment buildings having more than four dwelling units', struc ture I n-ilitv, tiir.liillnllou. or portion i'iim.vI uliteli eoiilams any pipe, holler. - lit. ivertor. turbine, luniare. or cutting or disjointing are adequately wetted during tho cutting or disjointing operation and subsequent removal. Such units shall not iie dropped or thrown to Ihe i-.roinid from any hiuldiug. structure, fuedii.y or installation suhifct (o tin's iiiiinrnl member that is insulated or paragraph but shall be carcniily lowered iirei'teoleil with Triable asbestos uintc- to ground level. nal: or wiio intends to renovate any institution:'!, nmunereiat. or Industrial 'iiIIi'Ipi:. iiruclurc, facility. Installation, poet lull Iherrnl. <iv) The stripping of friable aMinslns materials used to insulate or fireproof attV pipe. hntjpr, tank, reactor, turbine, I'unmco, or srrucl.ural uii'iiiiier ihnl, lias 111 Wi ll len nntliT of Inlenlton to tleikII'Ii or leiaoale shall lie provided lo '.imliil.'.ltiiior bv llie owner or op. all" ol I he ilemolltlnii or rcttiivaUiill IM..-I : I inti. {Such itui Ire shall be posl- irl mI a I leasi. 10 din.-, prior lo com* 'iftii emeiii oi it| iiiolilliiii. or ns early as been removed us a unit or m .sections as provided in paragraph <d> <iiii or this seetion shall lie perlonned In aeeordnnrc with parai'.raph uImI'moi ol l.hisseeUim. bather Ilian comply with (tie welling reipdremeut, an owner or operalor may elect to use tiic methods spceulcd in 'ruble prior lo eoiimieiteetiieiil of 5 til.23 to clean emissions containing par luete.-iu'v demolition subject l para- ticulate asbestos material before such i ii ' .,|'i.|> litis sei l inn. and ns early emiasion:- cscivpe to. or are vented lo. the ..... t... .-i|.|,. im.ii i,, i oiiiineiieeiiieiit of ntilj.iiie air. ni'M'lli'i' : ill'll uni lee ; ball luelude iv> I'Ymblo asbestos inalcn:il:: used for lie io"owimt: liiiiiriiiailoii: lu.Milullou or tiivprooim'T which are en i* 'lame of owner nr operator. iil> Ao.ne--. n| owner nr opera'or. iil-i I' riot on nl |ln> liuUdlui'.. ' lid I'l i*. i h'iII1 v, in lli-:llilln( Ion l.n bo . ini*ll .lii'il oi i I'lliiviileil. Iiii'IiIi|:iip (.lio i e. .ii.o, and pilot- use ol the i.lruetiire; uixl the approximate amount of frmbic cased in concrete or otho.r similar struc tural material do not, have lo be removed prior (.ii wrecking, lint shall be f Imi uughiy wetted when c\-|>oM-it Ihrniirllnllf the wrecking ut such iiiuteriids. (vl) Alt friable asbestos material:; that have been removed or stripped shall be wetted adequately to ensure that such materials remain wet during all stages of demolition, renovation and related handling operations. Such material.-' snail not be cropped or thrown to the around from any building, structure, facility or installation subject to this paragraph or from any floor to a floor below. For build ings. structures, facilities, or installs.nous no feet or greater in height, such ma terials shall 1)0 transported to tho ground via emsc-tight chutes or containers. <vii > Except as specified i< -ov.-. tiic wetting requirements of this .laragranh an: suspended when the teit-.p:,:':-.iv:'/i at the point of '.vetting of fne.'.-l': ai'ner- tos materials is ljeio'v O C 32 F>. --.'henever friable asbestos inaLorir'' `"c ;ci wetted due lo lrcczm:: lemperauin:-.. vi*:* materials cm pip.es, boilers, tan;:'. resctors, turbines, furnaces, or i.truciur-' members shall, to the maximum erlsui possible, be removed iti sections prio; to wrecking. In no case shall the require ments of paragraphs (d)(2)<ivi or (ci> (2) (vi) be suspended due to freezing temperatures. 3) Sources subject to this paragraph arc exempt from tiic requirements of 85 61.05<aj.Gl.OT,and G1.09. (4) Any owner or operator of a demoli tion operation who intends to demolish a building, structure, facility, or installa tion, or portion thereof, to wnich the provisions of this paragraph wouid apply but which has been ordered lo he wrecked by an authorized representative, of the appropriate State or local governmental agency because that building is struc turally unsound and in danger of im minent collapse is exempt from all but the following requirements of paragraph (d) of this section: (ii The report requirements specified by paragraph (d)(1) of this section; (ii) The requirements on stripping ol friable asbestos materials from previously removcci units nr sections ns .qi-ri.ii'cl in para arm ill (d'(2i(ivi of Uii c .''Won: i iii i The Wi'it.uig. as s|ieeii:"s by pnra- ".rt'im mi' 121 tvfi m this. .-.ecU' a. <> ble asbestos lnateriiiis that have u"i n removed or stripped: * iv i The portion of t lie smiei tire ln-ing demolished that contains iriah.'u nsi.T.i.o-; inatma!:, shall be adesust. Iv v:r'tcd during ilic wrecking "pere.lion. t itaitier (nan neoi tie :e-vi i'iiii::iou requircnicn':. is :,-il.gi i.v paragraph.'. 'ai, ci. *). ij. . if. iki iii liu::: ceijon. eu o-..lid* **i 'i;.-:i: :or may elect, to ir e lie- ;ii'".no:.. so- ei liy 5 01.23 to cican (sii-nom < .'.m particulate asiu :,r.os material la in.-: :;:.eh iul:a ion:; esvape lo. or are vr,n'1 i to. Uie outside ale. (",i Wlier" the iir*- in::* of uni 'ii'l.kies water is tie: j.uie ie:"-m lor , ilure m inncL the no-vi.-ible-e'iu.-- ion ] V'ut.-e.nl of paragraph'; mi, h.m, ":i, i;.i, i > . or (It: of this :;eeL:uii, auen I a It i : h:dl u')t. be :i violiiLioit ol ail' ll :*iiirc:i(io require ment;;. Ui: Fabrienlim:: TJ.crc :.-ii-'il be no visible emissions to the outside nr. r xcept FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 208--FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1974 ASARCO ELP 0000390 .18070 PROPOSED RULES ' as provided in paragraph (X) of this sec- be labeled with a wo rninc label that shall conform to Iho requirements nl ; tion. from any building or stnicture in States: _ 20" X 14" upright format sign:: siu-'-na d j which the following operations are con- Caution * in 20 CT'It 1010.HfMoi <4> CtY l-ft :'n ducted or directly from any of the follow--. .* contains asbestos and Uiis puntgi-aph. The sigiis :./iaii dis ing operations if they are conducted out- - . Avoto owning or breaking container play tiie lojlowiiig legend in the lower ! side of buildings or structures: '-breathing asbestos is hazardous to tour )>ancl. wilii letter si-/.es and styles ol a ! (1) Hie fabrication of cement buildingheasth visibility at least equal to those .speetlied i^ products. In this paragraph. (2) The fabrication of friction prod * (ii) Pelletising of nsbcstos-cmitainiiig ucts. except those operations that pri- waste into non-friablc pellets: mnrliv install asbestos friction materials (A) All wnstes specified in paragraph Amikx.-tom Wami: jJtsmnAi. f;in: on him1')-- vpJ- i'lrs (J)(l) of this section shall lie pollolr/.ed lid Not ('rnit,c | m:t The i 'hric-itlon of cement nr r.ili- info uni.-(liable pellets and deposited at ftnsif iiim' A *' * */*{ (",' ! r > riMiation hoods; ovrii:.; a waste disposal site. Hfr/JUOnu-, to Your jlrnlUi c'e-'t.ri'Tt i: '.eV<: IrMoratory fnneui.e; '1)1 The collection of all waste.,-, speci WM.uMojt I'.ii'lirTlt. : -irM'qotu: and ceilir.:::; lor a. ;i'ii- t on ..rnr io".: and flow i-nttrol ,i artbenv'Ucniuc.Pliudur.uy. t. f-'ti.-.tini'.: ?-'o'.ird in<-.ii'ai.ii'e "f s r -tieix ate uepilo amt wet- I'l.-'-aurz msd-nais wmc.i are i met- ttiviiiR. installed niter me. e-i dine ot Muse remilations, shall* ctitn-nu no enmmeretnl asocsuis. The pro visions of this paragraph do not apply to insulating materials which are spray applied: such materials are regulated jander 5 61.22(e). (j) Waste disposal for manufactur ing. fabricating, demolition, renovation, iipti ;;ni-;ivmc oneranons: 11) There shall be no visible emissions to tiie outside air, except as provided in paragraph t J) (3) of this section, from ' the collection, processing, packaging, - transporting, or deposition of asbestos- .. containing waste which is generated by /the sources covered by paragraphs (c), fc>, nnd <h) of this section, and of the friable asbestos waste and control device asbestos wRste which Is generated by the sources covered by paragraph (d) of this section. Tiie owners or operators of such sources shall take all necessary actions to ensure that all steps, from collection through deposition at a waste disposal site, in the disposal process of osbestos- 'oninining wastes generated by the --.oiiit'-;: i-i'tiiniy with the provisions of this iw tv null. The incineration of containers v.-hicli previously contained commercial - I'cries is prohibited. i."i Itaihcr than moot the require ment- or p-iragrnpli (J>(1) of this soc- ' li'>u. -'o owner or operator may elect to u-v vil'ier <->f the disposal methods spret- j lu-d under <i) mid (ill. or an alternative j (<i-|n--::ii met hod approved by the .'(Im-ie-drii-or: <i' Wcl-ini; of nshestos-coiilalmiig -.u-.l- ivilhwabr: I i A ' Coni.rot i evire nsbi'slos waste shall i tlieroo.-- ilv mixed with water into a i ..lurry ami elder wastes specified by ivire-yepP (|i(ll ol tills section .'.liiill Ih> 1 ttiu'lil>. weiU-cl. `There sliiill In- no j vl: ll'le emi:.';iiins io tile outside air Iroiu . Uo' :.* Mini; cittern Molt. exi:i'|it as pro- vi,'.ui n:ipii:r ii'ii if' of Uiissceltou. I ' AH wi'.ce sp<ciiie<l in parai'.rapli , j 1111 i.l i >!:;r-llim lie sen led into itm--iiihi'' >e <-mliiim-ir. wliile w*i.. and shad Me o- uosdetl wiiilu wet Jn such con tainers .-l a waste disposal site. --<ci The coiuniiicrs stJcclficd in para graph <Ji <3)(1) (11) of Uiis section shall fied in par'graph (jid) of tins section and I lie pcllcl ixing upcniLioii shall not result in l ic discharge of visible emis sions to ilic outside air except as specified in parr graph (f) of this section. (It) Waste disposal for asbestos mills: (1) There shall bo no visible emissions to the outside air, except as provided in paragraph (k) (2) of this section, from the collection, processing, packaging, transporting, or deposition of asbestos ore tailings or control device asbestos waste which is generated by an asbestos mill. (2) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (k) (1) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to use the following methods, or an alternative dis posal method approved by the Adminis trator: (i) Control device asbestos waste shall be transferred to the tailing:! conveyor in a manner that results in the discharge of no visible emissions to the outside air, except ns provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Such waste shall be subse quently processed as specified in para graph (k) (2) (ii) of this section. Alter natively. such waste may be disposed of as specified in paragraph (j)(3) of this section. (ii) All ore tailings and control device asbestos waste: shall be adequately wetted, with a resinous or petroleum-based dust suppression agent recommended t>v Mu: manufacturer of the agent to eliectivcly bind dust and control wnm enision. prior to deposition in Mu: tailings disposal area. Such agent shall be mixed in tin: concen tration rcommended lor (.lie particular dust by Mu: nmniifacLiirci- <d Die agent. Ollier equally eirceUvc niir.l. ruppi-i-ssimi agents may lie used upon approval by Mas Administrator. Them slcnl In* no dis charge of visible emissions to Mu* outside air lrom tin: wetting operation c-a-ept as siiecilied in paragraph if) of 1,1 ii:;section. ' i,.Wesi: 4ia-.tin-.:i) -.ite:*: (11 There shall Is: no visible i-ini.sauus to tiie outside air from any active or Inactive section of a waste disiio.-::il site when* a-.-lM-:los-eriiit:iiiiiiig v/u.lc ice: been ilcpiisilftl, e-cet-pl. a-: ;uuvul-d in tiara gi a pi i (Ill'll or tin:. -Uoii. i'Ji Warning signs snail la- msplav' o at all entrances and alnng the property line u(. intervals of MU) in 'fii. fl.If) ft) or le:.-: of all iicLlve or inactive asli'-sl.o-: Waste ilisitfisai sites, i ago:, .-.hull la- n> in sucli a manner and foration Mail, a* person may cosily read the legend. 'The warning signs required by this paragraph l" ftnn?; Nfrir. finihin or '"** 8sui: fJol.liW1 or !*! I'otut < iul t; I; Spacing between lines ."hall be a.t i'- - I. equal to the height of tip: upper ol the two lines. <3> Asbestos-containing sections of Die disposal site shall lie leticed in order in deter uc.ccss to iinuuMiori-/.cd iiidiveiusl::. unless tiie requirements of pin a graphs ft) (4) (() (13) ami (1) (4) (ii) are met. (4) Rather tlwn meet the requirement of paragrapli (l)fli of this s':euou lor emissions afLcr tiie deimsilion ol as bestos-containing waste at a disposal site, an owner or operator may elect to use one of the methods of paragraph Hi (4) fi) of this section and one or more, ol the methods or paragraph (l)f4)<ii) or (1) (4) fiti) of this .section, or ulP-rnaUv". control methods approved by Me- Admin istrator f/i control emissions limn was'.': disposal sites. i i i Active sections of disposa 1 sil.( s: (A) A resinous or pctroleum-baxed dust suppression agent which eilectivclv binds dust and controls wind erosion shall be applied at tiie nnd of raeh op erating day. or at least once ever/ 24- hour period while the site is in continu ous operation, to ail aslit-r.los-eonlair hr; active portions of a disposal :.M". .'.'cell agent sliail be mixed in Mu- > ....... .. - l.ion end spoiled at "e: i:-`- liu-nd'd Mu- In'" paile-ten- ", i . (III-.I. Millin'; aid. ii.mi.iI . I n. : . equally elieetive nu-.i. Minpi--. .... - -i may he usen upon iippi-ovsl i-> n."- mini: i i al.oi-; or (|'.l A <-fiv*-i' nl at |eu*;l. IS ni-fia - i-. (r:i. ii ll.a-la M 'll e.ni;i-t : l.* I- it.-.besln-; eoitiainhig ni-.'-iisi Ii i. apple n al. flu- i-nii ol ; h oj-- *;i * lie ,-il. Ii ri.-.l. <in--'- - :: I le o. i - i while | lie .-.tie r ill "'-l i* lot 'i' 'I- I - * -i* l.:| It 1 ae.l.lve -l IIIi-lll'.a-' me I .i lluus <u a <h -po- al. in(ii* lii:i'-ti*i* 's-'-l am . i*l le * -i:'-1-- (Illu-i- Than A-In .hi", f.lill T: nn-e : I * : pn:.nl Mil.-:: i Ai A-.le .1'.". .................. 4 **- p*i-iai -al*--:. O' - * * 11on*-, oi ' .-- In- it,/* i-I * -i 111 -it I* 1 I I* fin i, in* )** * "I -*i i :i- ii'-..Mi: -e*iiilainln-* i-** i'-ii: '. - . ** : t-nv* i- tii vi'-'-i * I am '"11 I*'* `t'-o "-** niainlaiia-il **li :'i- * i*l*** * ** ", v**n(. i :p<i* in*- of II** ' *' inali i iiil, oi I.l A. In com.lining " I" " posal sites, or :.ecllon:. ol --iien mm-:, -n.- FEDERAL REGISTER, VOU 39, NO. 208--FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1974 ASARCO ELP 0000391 PROPOSED nULES I.; be covered with at least 60 centimeters (1) Unless a waiver of emission test drying, at a location Usi t, providi - ica. 2 feet) of compacted non-asbestos- ing is obtained under 5 61.13. each owner reprcseni.'divc sample of u," mo':e i.,-- contatning material and maintained to 'or operator required to comply with is normally charged to l.l ui' iii' is'ei >. prevent exposure of the asbestos- 5 61.52(b) shall test emissions from his dryer. .Might loll..l(ltllvo ria>i 1 i.t- containing waste. source. Such tests shall be conducted shall lie obtained at iid"i val . ol h"i' (lii) Inactive Sections of Asbestos Mill either in accordance with the procedures 45 and iff) iimiiit".'; and tiioro'ienl'.' ;ni' Tailings Dispostal Sites: set forth in paragraph id) of tiiis sec into one sample. Mach ill lie; < -oi (A) A resinous or petroleum-based tion or !i 61.54. .'.aniplcs shah Jl.'ivo a volume m si ) a dust suppression agent which effectively (2) Method 101 In Appendix 13 to this 200 ml but .'.hall not c.':i'e'"l 400 ml. . binds dust and controls wind erosion part shall be used to lest omissions us total of three eonipositf .'.sinni'". :i,ad l. shall be applied to all inactive asbestos follows: obhihierl iiil.hiu an op'-i'id.ii;;' f -- 'i-j,'i mill tailings disposal sites, or sections of <i> The test shall he performed within 24 fKill)Win'll liie 21-limn' oneialn, Mich sites Such agents shall he mixed 00 days of tiie effective date in the case period is not ront/nuoti-.. i/e- lo-'.d .m in tl-i- mi coiki:iLii a and :i i;f<<l at Ihe of an existing .'"'iree or a pciv .iitirr nlhnf i'lTiod .' bail not ' "ei-i o V: mi 'ate irein I'lieneed for the t:*i-<ic'ilar as- which lias an initial startup dale proi i u- oiler th" oi'.'.t gl'di .'.a:i:;i.i o f'll :ig- waste by the ilii.-tsuppres- ing the effective da i o: Samples shad not 0" ...................I :. . < : :nt 'nnunirclurcT. Ollier < '='i:'U.v ciToc- <ii> The tc.st.shi.il lie performed will tin ditioi. Hist, may re sill, in iii"iimi -. ` -I'tst: r.i'uri ssani, agem: may be tru'd 00 days of startup m the case of a new lamination or io.:p.. linen npp'ov.il bv th'> Adnuni .tratov: or sou.'cc which did not iiavc an initial '2I The ioa;;o!ii'OI ' IP Civer a;; provided in i 'ipunapiis stui tup date preceding the effective ditto. sludge Ill' ll,".ii "]' ' eg: , " .'. ' <> (ill i,\> oi 111 (4> ('i1 il'i of iiiis Tiie Administrator shall be noii- he d::'.e| imiii'u ,,v u: r ". . ` i ('Urn shall be applied to all inactive Jicd at least 30 days prior to an emission lnrasill'ellieiil, (, ;'.'|i-(; i' o ,. ;>rbe:*os mill tailings dispjsal sites or test, so that he may at his option observe Ihc ills'.'; isl'; oi : indc d , . sections of such sites. 4. The lirst sentence in 5 61.23 is re vised as follows: 61.23 Air-Cleaning. the test. (4) Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to ac curately determine the maximum emis sions which will occur in a 24-hour pe iiicini.'i'al.iir or iirv"r v:if- .."i :........ s-5 lieifent over it-; oi.*-..d n.;: a.. Other ini.'thnijs oi im nt'iriii" mumuss charging rates, approv'd 1-y ! Administrator. may he m'd. If air-cleaning is elected, as permitted riod. No changes shall be made in the <3) The haniiliiig, preparation. a; by 15 61.22(f) and 61.22(d) (2) (iv), the operation which would potentially in analysis of sludge ssmui".'. iiah i " requirements of this section must be met. crease emissions above the level deter- comphshcd according to M'.ihod ios ^ ** **.mined by the most recent stack test, until Subpart --National Emission Standard i for Mercurv 'v . T- 5. Section 61.50 is revised to read as follows: ,the new emission level has been estimated by calculation and the results reported to the Administrator. (5) All samples shall be analyzed, and mercury emissions shall be determined 61.50 Applicability. within .30 days after the stack test. Each The provisions of this subpart are appllcable to those stationary sources which process mercury ore to recover mercury, use mercury chlor-alkaU cells to produce chlorine gas and alkali metal hydroxide, and incinerate or dry wastewater treat ment plant sludge. 6. Section 61.51 is amended by add ing paragraphs (1) and (m) as follows: ' determination shall he rcfiorlcd lo the Administrator by a registered letter dispatched before the close of the next business day following such determination. < 61 Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained ut ihc source and made available, for inspec tion by the Administrator, for a mini Appendix 13 of this part. <di The mercury emission:;, snail I determined by use of the lollowjiig wi' lion: JEn. "U io-' c <j whero Vfft* iii*:r*:urv fi ni*r:ui y ***n<**/* :* Wn .i i.!***' iiti u lry rMi*!-; !: . t,*\ Uipni) c* (.Iwit'** (`.imrytut* ru*". K**/*ly <ci No changes in the operation c.i plant shall be made oiler a sludge < has been conducted which would pot' linlly increase emissions above the l>determined by the inns*. recent. lest, until the new emr-sii.n lev-l l been estimated by cslcuiiT.oii a.el ' 61.51 ririinitinti*. ill "Sludge" means sludge produced by a treatment plant that processes munici pal or industrial wastewaters. "p> "Sludge dryer" moans a device used to reduce the moisture content of sludge by heal ing to temperatures above 65*t: (ea. 150'V'i with combustion gases. 1. Section 61.52 is revised to read ns follows: mum oi 2 years. 9. Section <11.54 is added as follows: tj 61.54 SImiI"** -aiiiaiing. <ai As an alternate means lor domonst.raUng cmmiisnoc with 5 <il .Ii'.'.ilii. ail owner or iricrator may use MeUmd 105 of Appendix II anil tiie proeedures specified in (hissection. <1) A Sludge Ic.i. siiail he emnlurl'(l within 90 days of tin- ciu d ivc dale m tie' case of an c.-asliug ..iirce or a. m-w results I'l'port'-'i lo the A'lrimKtr; p r. <il All .'.h/nsc saoioe 5 ii Jili.'ilva 'I ini' IP'-, '"'II V I- p .* I i.* vi. ;! 111* i** * i Ii I 11 m l ' i `J . . tic* Ann in.lM. <*- : *f| II' M t i i*: ; (in;/ iolt*#',iViMr* . *<: u i cii 11 rii *! -t*l*** nr*. : * n*-i* i .mu , i,i IK l*4l'*i ! i* n*" u ;> <i 1.52 Ktni--oHt Mnniiiml. source which lias no iiiitinl i.l.ni'I.i)i dale .;; .if .r .......... i*. : Knlsslons U> the atmosphere from mercury ore processing facilities uiul mercury eell chlnr-alkali plants shall not I'xc-cd 1YJ1I0 grains of mercury per 24- lioiu' period. tin Kuiksloiis to the atmosphere from :.liiil",e iiieinemiion plants, sltidge dryini' nlatila, nr ai'imiliiiiiiUoii of t liese Mint ini'i"ai wastewater |.|-IMlLll|IMlL plillll. sludges shall not I'xcecd :i,2U(l grams <d metrurj' ncr2 l-liour period. >:. r-rclinn l.`:i Is amended by milling partCTih id) a:; fnllows: preceding the filed ive date: nr Iif :.j f.#* '' ** * ('.!) A sludge lest shall he rondueled )*i. ji- ; Imim / in * \ within 90 days of startup in the ea; e m . 'Inf ;i fiiitiiiritin .! new source which did not Iiavc an inilial Startup date lirei euing the elleetive dale. <l>) Tiie Ailiiiiiiistr.itnr si is II lie noti- A4*i*i ..i . .'!* .*:* 11. i'i* *. lied at least ::il ilavs prior lo a shid:'e 1*1. 1.1**1 i|ffl IU.R r: *!*, : A .j saitilihog le'it, :.o Unit Ic rosy at hi" np- ii r ti.i- ,>:>i. *.* i*isi - l.ioo nh'.i'f Ve the It- .1. Ii:j iihiilge 'I'Sll he 'iioii.h'l s' "ml lug lo parai'.lspti lenli ol Mil". : ei'tli.n. sludge chari'ini'. ride lor the plant shall Ih! i|"teriiiiiie*I aeeoi flioe. lo |isr:n'i soli l.fI* Ilf* * /*-< f. -",* . I. l.l i** *l . j l .7 A................. 1*1.Ain M v-m.i -** i .. fr.l l'.!l of l.hi'l seel.loo, nod tiie .'-lodge | r, in. ,./< n.t'i .................. ' ; - , j|f. I.5.'t Slin k Hjtmpidig. aoiii'/sls shall If i"*i i 'ii loeil n''i"hiii; I" M*`" * ......... . li.'iragrnpii ici'IIi oi ihisseetiou. ; ......... .. I- *l*r* l n. ' *i ' <d> Sludge incineration and drying <1) The sludge shall be sampled alter l<u !! ii.iiiiil*1 1 \ ** -ts\. 'I h plants. dewatering and before incineration or Uon mi.u |jfiOs :.4*ra ?* * FEDERAL IEGISTER, VOL. 39, NO. 20i--FRIDAY, OCIODtgt 25, 19/4 ASARCO ELP 0000392 ::so"2 PROPOSED RULES envy in (ho digested sample is then measuml in- Hie ronvcnlionnl .spcctrophoLom- im-i- rniii vapor technique. An altcmaluc direst ion invulviui: die tin** of an niitnrlim' i:: described ill lmvillinipll 4.5.2 ill llilr. luolliod. eter) tube containing 20 grams of the desiccant magnesium perchlorate. The apparatus is assembled as shown in Fig ure 105-1. In place of the magnesium perchlorate drying tube, a small reading lamp with G0W bulb may be used to pre- vent condensation of moisture inside the cell. The lamp is positioned so as not to interfere with the measurement and to. snine on the absorption cell maintaining the air temperature about 5'C above ambient. 1.2 Applicability--Tills method is ap plicable for llus determination of total organic and inorganic. mercury content in sewage, sludges. soils, sediments, and Vioti.om-fyt'i' limterials. The normal rimin' of (Ills method is 0.2 to S n g/ir. * rn* * In* extr ucli'd above or he 11* u* lp mrp ifliut: or 4* 1* it; ; fi/f and llirnmui 1P- mm ii 1 l U*" * '\h>r (i'io nil. ,i.) i/i o .\ ii'iva;; -The cm - lii-'i- i i | v . wir p.ipiiKini' Cii is J |4. *r Ii p I'O'l". ( 1 a: < -i |V t it ion ypvetr'.'plio- ' <mie nns-irpiiun unit. : ri-ioie iipv.uui'iion area I. Ni pi 'Miuii'i the absorption cell is : i >!'! tosiruinont settings recom- > m(i'i; by (ho porticular manufacturer .I'oiild be followed. 2.1.2 Mercury Hollow Cathode Lamp-- Westlnehouse VVL-22847, argon filled, or equivalent. Figure 105-1. Apparatus for (lameless mercury determination. 2.1.3 Recorder--Any multirange, vari 3. Reagents. 3.1 Analysis able-speed recorder that is compatible 3.1.1 Aqua Regia--Prepare immediate with the UV detection system is suitable. ly before use by carefully adding three 2.1.4 Absorption Cell--Standard spec volumes of concentrated HC1 to one trophotometer ceils 10 cm long, having volume of concentrated HNOi. quartz end windows may be used. Suit 3.1.2 Sulfuric Acid, 0.5N--Dilute 14.0 able cells may be constructed from plexi- ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 1.0 r lass tubing. 2.5 cm O.D. x 11.4 cm tea. liter. i" O.D. x 4'i"). The ends are ground 3.1.3 Stannous Sulfate--Add 25 g stan perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, nous sulfate to 250 ml of 0.5N sulfuric and quartz windows f2.5 cm diameter x acid. This mixture is a suspension and 0.1G cm thickness (ca. 1" diameter x yin" should be stirred continuously during thickness) J arc cemented in place. Gns use. A 10% solution of stannous chloride inlet and outlet ports I also of plexiglass may be used in place of the stannous sul but 0.(1 cm O.D. (ca. >/*" O.D.) 1 are at- fate. la'-licri appioximatcly 1.3 cm ('/2") from 3.1.4 Sodium Chloride-Hydroxylamine 'I'cli end. The cell is strapped to a burner Sulfate Solution--Dissolve 12 grams of hir support and aligned in the light beam sodium chloride and 12 grams of liydroxn give tiie. maximum transmittance. ylamine sulfate in distilled water and ' rn: Two 5.1 era x 5.1 cm (ca. 2" x 2") dilute to 100 ml. Hydroxylaminc hydro (is with 2.5 cm tea. 1") diameter chloride may be used in place of the hy -iec in-ty in* placed over each end of the droxylaminc sul fate. <q in c-.r-ist in positioning the cell for maximum iiensnutiancc. 3.1.5 Potassium Permanganate--5% solution, w/v. Dissolve 5 grams of potas l.t.fl Mr T'ntnp--Any peristaltic pump sium permanganate in 100 ml of distilled : n'blc of <b-livel ing 1 liter of air per nrnnte may be used. A Mastcrflex pump v.nil electronic .-peed control has been b-ind h> be satisfactory. (Regulated -ueri-".rii air can be used in nn open ini...p;.- : *:y 1 em.> l.ii b'l-'v-iin'ier-Capable of mensur- water. 3.1.6 Stock Mercury Solution--Dissolve 0.1354 grams of Bureau of Standards cer tified purity mercuric chloride in 75 ml of distilled water. Add 10 ml of cnnc.cnlrated nitric acid nnd adjust the volume to 100.0 ml. 1. ml -1 mg. Iig. i an air Paw ol l lit r per tniiuiU'. 3.1.7 Working Me.rcury Solution-- 1.7 leeaiimi Tubing--Tygon tubing Make successive dilutions of tin: .-.lock ceil n>r pa-uare ol I In* inereury vnixir mercury .'lohitiiiii to obtain a working "m lh" rumple l-olt!< (n (he absorption i u ami return. Slvaie.lil glass l.ublng p" mini ling in : eoiirsi! iKiruns frit is n . il i.o- -p itging air Inin the Mtniplc. sfiiiidiird e.otifiiiiiiug 0.1 ug per ml. This working standard and the dilution:; of flic.stock mercury solution should he pre pared Irosh dnilv. Acidity of the working ` 1 a I'rviin; TiiIh* 15 cut long x t.tl alatitliird should be maintained at d.l.v;:. "i ill:'"ieii : *en. 0" long x :1i" dhim- nitric acid. This acid should be added to the flask as needed before the addition inuliiiairi-i! dri.lgiiei* rpcciilcrUly for the" of thc-aliquot. laiii' "in ..r mrn iinr tisltn; the cold 4. Procedures. Samples for mercury ...... I* --ti'iiii'i" in* "tniia'iiaiiily nviillnhli* analysis are subject to contamination in ii a.' i'(i',inn(eii ii.r ihn Hiimuf nit- * * 'j'i .-I i lor from a variety of nourees. Extreme care omul, lie taken hi nrevenl eoiitiiioioatlon. Certain interferences may occur during the analysis procedures. Extreme caution must be taken to avoid inhalation of mercury. 4.1 Sample Handling and Preserva tion 4.1.1 Because of the extreme sensi tivity of the analytical procedure and the omnipresence of mercury, care must be taken to avoid extraneous contamina tion. Sampling devices, sample contain ers. and reagents should be ascertained to be free of significant amounts of mer cury; the sample should not be exposed to any condition in the laboratory that may result in contact or airborne mer cury contamination. 4.1.2 While the sample may be an alyzed without drying, it has been found to be more convenient to analyze a c.rv sample. Moisture may be driven oil in a drying oven at a temperature ol r-(i a. No significant mercury losses nave i: observed oy using this drying : tep. 'i'i: dry sample snould bo pulverized and thoroughly mixed before tne aliquot is weighed. 4.2 Intorferene.es 4.2.1 Interferences that may occ::,- n sludge samples are sulfides, nigh cm high chloride.':. etc. 1.2.2 Volatile material-: .vhieh r' -b at the 253.7 r.m will cause a positive tnrfcrenc.il. In order i.q remove an,- i,- tcrlcring volatile materials, tin: dead '-r space in Uie UOD bottle shuti'ul he pr-r d with nitrogen before the addition ol .amnions sui fate. <s.:i Handling Sample Mercury Vunors Alice Atinlv: is 4.3.1 l'ceiuric of tne loric nuLinc n' mercury vapor, precaution must he taken to avoid its inhalation. Tkcrc.erc. a bypass should be included in the anal ysis system to either vent the mercery vapor into an exhaust hood or pass i'v> vutxir through Kiiinc aiir.nriiui:: tniniii. .sui'ii us: FEDERAL REOISTER, VOL 39, NO. 201--FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1974 ASARCOELP 0000393 / PROPOSED RULES ::S07-*3 m> Kminl volumes of 0.1N KMnO, mul I0<;;. IIRiOi <iti iodine in a 3% Ki solution A iM'i'i'inllv treated chnrcoul Lliat will ab sorb inrrciiry vapor Is also available from linnicbcy and Cheney, E. 8tli Ave. and North Cassidy SU Columbus. Ohio 432 lit. Cat aloe No. 580-13 or No. 580-22.' 4.4 Ca libra turn 4.4.1 Transfer 0. 0.5. 1.0. 2.0. 5.0 and 10 ml aliquots of the working mercury :*\hii-ioti mui-iiiilue o 1 1.0 .:,h mi'rq to a :i'ia*: nj :iliu-iill noil hoitlc:;. v ,M i 'mu -ti <1*. I ilYil wirier lo Ota li hoi Me : > i utl.*- ; tot il volume, of la "! Add i 1 m i iMU' **.!:' and licri nmtl.i's 0 hiil.'i : t- I'fi C. Aiiov * I - '1111- >l. * i eeei and ;olil 'id ml rii:-fill-il rnrr 'I l* n1 oi K'MtiO. .'olutinn to 0'-li t - ipi' leluru lo "m water i"rili for - -i itii(.:. Cool and add fi ml ol .indium drui-.li.'-livdrosylamine sulfate solution ni reduce the excess permanganate. Add u ml of distilled water. Treating each buttle Individually, arid 5 ml of stannous sulfate solution and immediately attach (he bottle to the aeration apparatus. At 1 his point, the sample is allowed to stand quietly without manual agitation. The circulating pump, which has previ ously been adjusted to a rate of 1 liter per minute, is allowed to run continu ously. The absorbance, as exhibited either on the spectrophotometer or the recorder, will increase and reach maxi mum within 30 seconds. As Sbon os the recorder pen levels off, approximately 1 minute, open the bypass valve and con tinue the neration until the absorbance returns to its minimum value. Close the bypass valve, remove the fritted tubing from the BOD bottle and continue the aeration. Proceed with the standards and construct a standard curve by plot ting peak height versus micrograms of mercury. 4.5 Analysis 4.5.1 Weigh triplicate 0.2 g 0.001 g portions of dry sample and place in bottom of a BOD bottle. Add 5 ml of distilled water and 5 ml of aqua regia. HcaL 2 minutes in a water bath at 95"C. Cool and add 50 ml distilled water and 15 ml potassium permanganate solution *n *:><!i .sample oottlc. Mix thoroughly sod plate in the water hath for 30 minoti s at. 05"C. Cool anti acid 0 nil of sodium ciiloi-ide-hydroxylaminc sulfate to rcd'Mv tlip excess permanganate. Acid 55 ml or di: tillcd water. Treating each bot tle individually, add 5 ml of stannous suii'.-uc and immediately attach the bottle te the aeration apparatus. With each sample, continue ns described in paragraph 4.4.1 of this method. 4.5.2 An alternative digestion pro cedure using an autoclave may also be used. In this method of 5 ml of concen trated H.SOi and 2 ml of concentrated HNO, are added to the 0.2 grams of sample. 5 ml of saturated KMnO, solu tion are added and the bottle is covered with a piece of aluminum foil. The sam ples are autoclaved at 121*C and 2.1 kg/ enr (ca. 15 psig) for 15 minutes. Cool, make up to a volume of 100 ml with dis tilled water, and add 6 ml of sodium chloride-hydroxylamine sulfate solution to reduce the excess permanganate. Purge the dead air space and continue as described in paragraph 4.4.1 of this method. 5 Mention of trade names or specific prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by tho Environmental Protection Agency. 5. Calculation. 5.1 Measure the peak height of the unknown from the chart and read the mercury value from tiic standard curve. 5.2 Calculate the mercury concen tration in the sample by the formula: ,, , xg Hg in the aliquot xgHg/gm- wt of the aliquoC in - 5.3 Report mercury concentrations ns follows: Below 0.1 rg/g: between o.l and 1 ig g, to the nearest 0.01 at! g: bit\vc<,i: 1 and 10 a-:,i:. to nccrer-r. o.l !;: nbov 10 ag'g, to nearest g. C. Precision and accuracy. 0.1 /.' y-rcl ini! to the provisional mrtlv.ri in ice"cncc number 5. the lolimvru: .-.'r.d' r: deviations on replicate sediment sninnlr have been recorded at the m:ie:,r.v levels: 0.23 ,ir,"g=0.C2 and O.-'JD ; .. g:0.03. Recovery of mercury at (.lure levels, added as methyl mercuric chlo ride. was 97 and 94 percent, respectively. 7. Ilefercnccs 1. Bishop, J. N. "Mercury in Sediments." Ontario Water Resources Comm.. Toronto. Ontario. Canada. 1971. 2. Salma, ,M. Private communication, ERA Cal/Nov Basin Ofticc. Alameda, California. 3. Hatch. W. R.. and Ott. W. I,. "Pcterminatlon of Sub-MIcrogram Quantities of Mer cury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotom etry." Ana. Chem. 40, 2085 (19015). 4. Bradenbcrgcr, H. and Bader. II. "The Determination at Nanogram Levels of Mer cury In Solution by a Flameicss Atomic Ab sorption Technique," Atomic Absorption Newsletters. 101 (1907). 5. Analytical Quality Control Laboratory (AQCL), Environmental Prorcctlon Agency. Cincinnati. Ohio, "Mercury m Sediment (Cold Vapor Technique)," Provisional Method, April 1972. (PR Doc.74-24252 Filed 10-24-74:8:45 am| - ASARCOELP 0000394 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 208--FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1974