Document EXN4dyJ4VZxV80Vp0mJyRgRV

laooevi uy neuntsty ui:auii ui uie ruDAiuu u^Tipany, onicaro. in. The Pipe Line VOLUME 2 - (Midyear Report) ISSUE NO. 1 August IS, 1955 REFINERY DIVISION 55 Vest 42nd Street New York 36, N.I. CHANGE OF ADDRESS After Septeaber firet the above addzeee will be correct for the Refinery Division* The Managesmnt has long felt the need for this move -- to better serve the entire sales and installation organisations of Flibrico* Ve feel that this Division is now in a position to assist in all specification, quotation mi sales problems with the major refiners, petro-chenical and engineer-contractor accounts. May we assist you in any of your Refinery sales problaas? REFINERY SPBCIFICATIOtB Attached hereto is a complete set of Flibrico Coapany - Refinery Division specifications* The specifications included are as follows: Spec A-l - Regenerator Lining (Araor-Construe tion) M-l - Regenerator Lining (Double Mesh Construction) C-l - Abrasion Resistant Lining (Pstroment) C-2 - Abrasion Resistant Lining (A-R Csnent) -2- C-3 Abrasion Resistant Lining (Plicast 15-R) HH-1 - Horiaontal Furnaces (General) VH-1 - Vertical Furnaces (General) This set of specifications is for tout Refinerr Division File or for tout Data Books. There will be seat to you, under separate coyer in the very near future, a supply of 25 each of these serea specifications for your customer use. Erery engineer-contractor and major refiner will receive a set of these specifications along with our new physical characteristic bulletin within the next thirty days. (Oil - 5 lists). Follow these mailings, it may mean new business. HBFIMBCr TCB REPORTS Three out of fifty is not a very good average, in any league. That's the response received from you distributors on a very isportaat question put to you in our March '55 Pipe Line *Nevs Release. The question was, "How much detail and what information would you like to have in Refinery Job Reports?" The three who acknowledged receipt of this question md expressed their opinions verst Frank V. Schaefer M. 0. 'Bill" Fulton 'Bob" Wezicheiser - Dayton Houston Los Angalas Thanks to tht non that followed thru. Let's sse if we can't bring up our average after this issue. Tell us what you would like to know about these jobs. Here's a typical list from over the past six months of 1955. CUSTOMER (1) Shell Oil Co. Wood River Refinery (2) Pure Oil Coopany Heath, Ohio (3) Elk Refilling Co. Charleston, W. Va. (4) M.F.A. Oil Co. Chanute, Kansas (5) The Flintkote Co. Los Angeles, Calif. (6) Bay Petroleum Co. Chalaette, La. (7) Shell Oil Co. Pall Hirer, Mass. (8) Pure Oil Co. Heath, Ohio (9) Shell Oil Co. Sevaren, N.J. (10) Phillips Petr* Co. Kansas City, Kans. (11) Union Oil Co. Wilmington, Calif. (12) Elk Refining Co. Charleston, W. 7a. (13) California Co. Perth Amboy, N.J. -3DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTOR END USE TONNAGE M. D. Mag&ry F. C. C. Regmierator (Maintenance Stock) 6 Ton P. Schaefer Furnace Repairs (Contract) 8 Ton C. Beane Furnace Repair (Contract) 8 Ton ?. Kimball Furnace Rpair (Stock) 5 Ton Werkheiser Furnace Repair (Contract) 8 Ton R. Geoghegan Boiler' Repair (Contract) 5 Ton P. H. Smith Boiler Repair (Contract) 7 Ton F. W. Schaefer Furnace Roof (Contract) 20 Ton J. V. McNeil Boiler Repairs (Contract) 12 Ton F. Kimball Boiler Repairs (Contract) 10 Ton Werkheiser Regenerator Repair 5 Ton C. Beane Furnace Roof (Contract) 14 Ton J. W. McNeil T. C. C. Ifait Repair (Contract) 15 Ton 1 CUSTOMER DISTRIBUTOR END USE TONNAGE (14) Delta Refining Co, Meaphia, Tenn, F, Sperry Furnace Repair (Contract) 12 Ton (IS) Sinclair Refining Co, East Chicago, Ind, R. B, Barger Refinery Vaste Disposal Uhit (Material) 20 Ton (16) Bay Petroleum Co,' Chalmette, La, R* Geoghegan Furnace Repair (Contract) 15 Ton (17) California Co, Perth Amboy, N.J. J. V. McNeil Furnace Repair (Contract) 5 Ton (18) Pan-Aa Southern Corp, El Dorado, Arkansas J, V, Patton Furnace Repair (Contract) 15 Ton (19) Sinclair Refining Co, East Chicago, Ind, R, B, Barger BW -CO2 Furnace (Nat'l, Construction) 40 Ton FOREIGN (20) Caltex, Ltd, Kurnell, Australia Foater^Wheeler Export Coaplete Lining F,C,C --S,0,D, Chit 360 Ton (21) Shell Oil..- Hague Bombay, India La--is Export Complete Lining F.C.C. Chit 130 TOn (22) Shell Oil - Hague Melbourne, Australia Export Coaplete Lining F,C,C* Ihit 140 Ton (23) Eaeo-Standand Haeburg, Genaany Lurgi Export Hyiroforaer Hyirofiner 170 Ton In the abort list of Jobs completed by the Refinery Division taken from actual invoice copiea, n have lilted jobs involving fire ton or sore of ell Plibrico sateriels installed from January 1st thru July 1st, 1955. In each listing ve note whether the job vas m installed oontreot or aaterlal only. There ire tone very interesting jobs in this list, and if you notice the location of these jobs you will see that Flibrico products are being used over a wide section of these ttiited States - - - and the worldT Are you getting this kind of business from your refineries and process plants, in your territory? If not, you are overlooking a great potential market for Flibrico products* Letts get together and get these customers--------"Keep that drive in Fifty-Five". THB PIPE LIKE Distribution: Group A - Tab 12 Spec. M-l Page 1 of 3 Rev. May 1, 1955 A. GENERAL PLIBRICO SPECIFICATION M-l TUr------------- CATALYST REGENERATOR LININGS 1. The lining shall be made up of two components to provide both insulation and a wear resisting surface. 2. The insulating portion of the lining shall be made up of a lightweight refractory having a density of not more than 42 pounds per cubic foot, shipping weight, as manufactured by the Plibrico Company, of Chicago, Illinois, under the trode name of "Verilite", or its equal. The thickness of this component shall be dependent upon the hot face temperature of the refractory surface and the desired vessel shell temperature. 3. The wear resistant portion of the lining shall be made up of a dense refractory having a density of 110 to 120 pounds per cubic foot, shipped weight, as manufac tured by the Plibrico Company of Chicago, Illinois under the trade name of "Pefro- Mix", or its equal. The thickness of this component shall be one inch minimum. B. SUPPORTING AND RETAINING STRUCTURE 1. The supporting structure of the lining shall be made up of 1/2* studs welded to the shell on 12" centers both vertical and horizontal. These studs are to have two holes in the correct position to take 10 gauge horizontal wires. 2. The retaining structure for the insulating component shall be composed of horizontal 10 gauge mild steel wire threaded through the holes of the studs. To these 10 gauge horizontal wires shall be attached, by means of wire ties, 14 gauge 2" x 2* mild steel wire mesh. The 10 gauge wire shall be on the inside of the 2" x 2" wifc mesh. 3. The retaining structure for the dense wear surface shall be either of the following: a. Identical to that for the insulating component, except that the 10 gauge horizontal wires, tie wires and the 14 ga. 2" x 2* wire mesh shall all be of alloy steel instead of carbon steel. b. In Paragraph 3-A, 1-1/2" hexagonal .047* thick 3 twist 18-8 or monel alloy poultry netting may be substituted for the 14 ga., 2" x 2* wire mesh. C. APPLICATION PROCEDURE 1. The vessel shall be thoroughly sandblasted to remove all rust, paint, etc., ofter which the surface is to be thoroughly cleaned by compressed air and not by washing. Spec. M-l Page 2 of 3 APPLICATION PROCEDURE CON'T. 2. The studs shell be placed, maintaining horizontal rows, on 12" center to center spacing, both horizontally and vertically. 3. The retaining structure, for the insulating component, shall then be placed. The wire mesh shall be placed over the studs and the 10 gauge mild steel wires shall then be threaded through the holes in the studs and stretched tightly to form the support for the 14 gauge mild steel 2" x 2" mesh. This wire mesh shall then be securely wired to the 10 gauge horizontal wires, with wire ties spaced at not more than 18* centers. 4. The insulating component of the wall, Verilite or equal, shall then be placed to the required thickness, by approved pneumatic process. This installation should start at the bottom of the wall and continue upward until completed. No water curing is necessary for this portion of the wall. 5. The retaining structure, of 10 gauge horizontal alloy wires and alloy wire mesh, shall then be placed in the same manner as previously described under Section C*3. 6. The wear surface, of Petro*Mix or equal, shall then be placed, by approved pneumatic process, and shall be finished to obtain a uniform workmanlike surface. If the installation of the Petro*Mix wear surface is interrupted for more than two hours, provision must be made to leave the wall edge square so as to avoid all feather edges when installation is renewed 7. Both the insulating component and wear resisting component must be pneumat* t cal I y applied in such a manner that each material is a homogenous mass without lamination. The full thickness should be built up at one time if possible, or successive layers must be applied immediately after the preceding layer has taken its initial set and considerably before it has taken its final set. D. WATER CURING 1. Tiio insulating, or Verilite component, of the lining will require no water treatment whatever.' The wear surface, or Petro*Mix component, must have the following treatment to insure a dense hard surface. 2. After the surface has set to the point where it is hard to the touch, about 4 to 6 hours after application, it shall be treated with a fine mist spray of water. The spray should be gently applied to the wall surface for a period of about 12 to 16 hours. | Where the application is being made intermittently, as in 8*hour working days, the water spray is to be applied at night but where application is continuous, the spray treatment should be started as soon as the surface is in proper condition and continued without interruption. Care should be taken not to wash away any of the refractory material during water curing. PUSRICO LINING SPECIFICATION M-1 Page 3 of 3 16" Max. ( Spec. C*l, Page 1 of 3 Rev. May 1, 1955 PLIBRICO SPECIFICATION r.f FOR" PETROMENT-HIGH ABRASION RESISTANT-REFRACTORY PPUPkit Petroment is a factory mixed, super duty, dense refractory cement of ramming consistency having air setting and heat setting qualities and hardening to o very smooth abrasion and cnemicalvesistant surface* Petroment is shipped in a completely mixed form and is immediately ready to apply as it comes from the shipping container. Petroment is packed in standard containers of 100# and 200# steel drums. Petroment has a density of 135# per cubic foot. Petroment has excellent acid resistant properties but is not 100% acid proof - withstanding normal process acids brought about by moisture induction into various processes. Petroment is recommended for use in all high velocity Catalyst Transfer Lines, Regenerator Plenum Chamber, Reactor Cone Section, Feed Inlet Piping, Flue gas stacks, conductor pipes, and all other steel vessel or pipe surfaces requiring high abrasion and chemical* resistant linings. In keeping with our technical services, we take pleasure in outlining general specifications for installing Petroment Refinery Cement. PETR 0 M E N T for Abrosion*Resistont Catalyst Piping Lining A. Details (General) 1. Refractory lining material will be Piibrico Petroment Refractory Cement reinforced with a protective grid armor of 3/4* 14 gauge armor grating or 5/8" 16 gauge Floorsteel grating. | Total lining thickness will be 1*. 2. Armor grating will be supported by 1/4* or 3/8" thick by 2" long by 1* wide steel bar washers welded to the inside of the shell or piping. 3. The steel bars will be spaced on 12" centers. Armor grating sections ore to be welded direct to the steel bars. B. Application Procedure 1. Clean interior of pipe by sandblasting or clean with accepted and approved solvents. 2. Weld steel bars in place on 12" centers. Bars to be hammer tested to assure quality weld. Spec. C*1, Page 2 of 3 3. Install armor grating sections. Grating sections are to be rolled so that they fit snug against the steel bar washers. Weld each strand of adjoining grating sheets together. One 1/4" long fillet weld shall be used at each bar washer. 4. Use Pretroment just as received from the manufacturer. There ore no additional in* gredients to add. Ram or trowl Petroment into the grating grid working from the center to the sides, making sure that all voids are eliminated beneath the grating. A 2%lb. steel blacksmith's hammer or pneumatic bench rammer with a small diameter rubber head should be used to ram the material in place. After the material is thoroughly rammed in place and all voids have been eliminated, trowl off the excess material down to the face of the armor grating. | The finished surface will be somewhat rough from the troweling operation and should be smoothed over by brushing it with a stiff brush dipped in a small amount of water. This brushing operation should be performed no later than one hour after the material has been trow led back to the surface. 5. Petroment may be allowed to air dry, but must always be baked out before placing in service. To bake out the Petroment, raise the temperature of the gases in the vessel or pipe no faster than 100 deg. F., per hour until the temperature has reached 600 degrees. After this time, the temperature may be raised to operating conditions in accordance with the requirements of the vessel and other equipment. After the Petroment has been baked out, it will have expanded slightly. This will show up as a bulge in each individual Hex. This bulge should be a maximum of 1/8" in the middle of the Hex and will dwindle down to zero inches around the edges of the Hex. There will also be hairline cracks where the Petroment joins the Hexteel, these cracks will of course fill up with powdered catalyst as soon as the unit is put in operation. We point out the occurrence of these bulges and hairline cracks, so that operating personnel will not become alarmed at these conditions. Neither of these conditions will effect the abrasion resistant qualities or length of life of the refractory lining in any way.- You may also notice that there is a hollow space between the back surface of the refractory lining and the steel pipe or vessel shell. Tests have shown that this space is aboufca* thick as a heavy piece of paper and will in no way effect the quality of the refractory lining. 6. If Petroment becomes frozen in the containers, it should be thawed out before using, so that the workability will not hinder installation. This material need not be protected from freezing after installation even though it has not been baked out. 7. Caution Do not install Petroment over 1* thick. Petroment should be used wi thin six months after purchase. Do not store longer than six months. Spec. C-l, Pope 3 of 3 C. Moteriol Consistency 1. Pefroment is normally supplied in a ramming consistency. It can be converted to trowelling consistency by mixing in a small amount of water. Do not reduce below a stiff trowelling consistency. Petroment can also be supplied direct from the factory in trowelling consistency if so ordered. NOTE For additional specifications covering abrasion resistant linings, please see Plibrico Specifications C*2 and C*3. Spec. C*2, Page 1 of 2 Rev. May 1, 1955 PLIBRICO SPECIFICATION C*2 FOR A-R ABRASION RESISTATTHREFRACTORY CEMENT A-R Cement is a factory mixed, super duty, dense refractory cement of trowling consist* ency, having chemical setting properties and hardening to a very smooth abrasion and chemical resistant surface. AR Cement is shipped in a dry mixed form and is ready to apply after it has been mixed with clear water at the job site. A*R Cement has a density of 110 lbs. per cubic foot in place. A-R Cement has excellent acid resistant properties but is not 100% acid proof * with* standing normal process acids brought about by moisture induction into the various processes. AR Cement is recommended for use in all high velocity Catalyst Transfer Lines, Regen erator Plenum Chambers, Reactor Cone Sections, Feed Inlet Piping, Flue Gas Stacks and conductor pipes, and all other steel vessel or pipe surfaces requiring high abrasion and chemicaLresistant linings where it is impossible to cure the refractory material and a chemical setting material is desired. In keeping with our technical services, we take pleasure in outlining general specifica* tions for installing A*R Refinery Cement. PLIBRICO A-R CEMENT for Abrasion Resistant Cotolyst Piping Linings A. Detoils (General) 1. Refractory lining will be Plibrico A-R Refractory Cement reinforced with a pro* tective grid armor of 3/4* 14 gauge armor grating or 5/8* 16 gauge Floorsteel grating. Total lining thickness to suit operating conditions but not less than 1" thick. 2. Armor grating will be supported by 1/4" or 3/8" thick by 2" long by 1" wide steel bar washers fastened to the inside shell by 3/8" thick stud suitable length to space the surface of the steel grating at the inside face of the A*R Cement. 3. The steel bar supporting members will be spaced on 12" centers. Armor grating sections are to be welded direct to the steel bars. Spec. C-2, Poqe 2 of 2 B. Applicotion Procedure 1. Cleon interior of pipe by sandblasting or clean with accepted and approved sol vents. 2. Weld steel bars and studs in place on 12* centers. Bars and studs to be hammer tested to assure quality weld. 3. Install armor grating sections. Grating sections are to be rolled so that they fit snug against the steel bar washers. Weld each strand of adjoining grating sheets together. One 1/4* long fillet weld shall be used ot each bar washer. 4. Mix A-R Cement with pure clean water, following exactly instructions received with the material. Oo not mix more cement than can be used up within several hours. 5. Trowl A-R Cement into the grating grid working from the center to the sides, mak ing sure that all voids are eliminated beneath the grating. 6. A-R Cement must be allowed to air dry, 24 hours at temperatures above 40 deg. F. before being subject to heat and placed in service. If the temperature is below 40 deg. F., the material must be allowed to air dry for 48 hours. - A-R Cement should not be exposed to temperatures below 25 deg. F., until it has been allowed to air dry and set up completely. NOTE-For additional specifications covering abrasion resistant linings, please see Plibrico Specifications C-1 and C-3. Spec. C-3, Pcge 1 of 2 May 1, 1955 PLIBR1C0 SPECIFICATION C-3 ~F0R~ PLICAST 15-R ABRASION RESISTANT REFRACTORY CEMENT Plicost 15-R is a factory mixed dense refractory cement of trowelling consistency having hydraulic setting properties and hardening to a smooth abrasion resistant surface. Plicast 15R is shipped in a dry mixed form and is ready to apply after if has been mixed wi th clear water at the job site. 120 lbs. of dry material are required to place 1 cubic foot of Plicast 15-R. Plicost 15-R is recommended for use in all high velocity catalyst transfer lines, regen erator plenum chambers, reactor cone sections, feed inlet piping, flue gas stacks, con ductor pipes, and all other steel vessel or pipe surfaces requiring high abrasion resistant linings. Where this abrasion resistant lining is required to stand severe acid conditions, we recommend the use of our A-R Cement or Petroment covered in Plibrtco Specifications C-1 and C-2. In keeping with our technical services, we take pleasure in outlining general specifica tions for installing Plicast 15-R. PLICAST 15-R Jor Abrasion Resistant Catalyst Piping Linings A. Details (General) 1. Refractory lining will be Plicast 15-R refractory cement reinforced with a pro tective grid armor of 3/4" 14 gauge armor grating or 5/8" - 16 gauge Floorsteel grating. Total lining thickness to suit operating conditions, but not less than 1 inch thick. 2. Armor grating will be supported by 1/4" or 3/8" thick x 2" Jong x 1" wide steel bar washers fastened to the inside shell by 3/8" thick studs of suitable length to space the surface of the steel grating at the inside face of the Plicost 15-R Cement. 3. The steel bar supporting members will be spaced on 12" centers. Armor grating sections are to be welded direct to the steel bars. B. Application Procedure 1. Clean interior of pipe by sandblasting or clean with accepted and approved solvents. Spec. C*3, Page 2 of 2 2. Weld steel bars and studs in place on 12" centers. Bars and studs to be hotr.mer tested to assure quality weld. 3. Install armor prating sections. Gratina sections to be rolled so that they fit snua against the steel bar washers. Weld each strand of adjoining grating section together. One* 1/4" long filet welds shall be used at each bar washer. 4. Mix Plicasf 15-R with pure clean water following mixing instructions received with the material. Do not mix more cement than can be applied within one hour. 5. Trowel Plicast 15-R cement into the grating grid, working from the center to the sides, making sure that all voids are eliminated beneath the grating. 6. - Plicast 15*1? must be allowed to set 48 hours at temperatures above 40 degrees F., before being subjected to heat and placed in service. Plicast 15-R must not be allowed to freeze during this 48 hour period. The exposed surface of the Plicast 15-R should be kept moistened the first 24 hours of the curing period. NOTE * For additional specifications covering abrasion resistant linings, please see Plibrico Specifications C*1 and C*2. Spec. HH-1 Poge 1 of 3 May 1, 1955 PLIBRICO SPECIFICATIONS HH-1 FOR HORIZONTAL HEATERS A. GENERAL 1. The refractory linings shall in general be made op of two (2) components to pro vide both an insulation backing and a refractory surface. 2. The insulating portion of the lining shall be made up of block insulation. - The thickness of this component shall be dependent upon the hot face temperature of the refractory surface, the desired cold face shell temperature and the insu lating properties of the refractory component. 3. The installation of the refractory material shall be under the direct supervision of on authorized factory representative who has been accredited by the manu facturer in writing. 4. All materials must be guaranteed to conform to these specifications as to Quality and all workmanship must be guaranteed against defects for a period of one (1) year after completion. B. REFRACTORY WALLS 1. Furnace-Radiant Zone (tube protected). High heat duty castable refractory or high temperature insulating castable re fractory, having a service temperature limit above the maximum anticipated furnace temperatures shqll be used. Block insulation of suitable thickness shall be placed between the refractory material and the outside steel enclosure. The minimum refractory thickness shall be 4%". 2. Furnace-Radiant Zone (no tube protection).. High heat duty or super duty plastic refractory shall be used having a service temperature limit above the maximum anticipated furnace temperature. Block insulation of suitable thickness shall be placed between the refractory and the outside enclosure. The minimum refractory thickness shall be 8*. 3. Convection Section Walls. Moderate heat duty castable refractories shall be used for temperatures up to 1500 degrees F., and high heat duty castable refractories shall be used for tem peratures above 1500 degrees F. Insulating castable refractory materials of the proper service temperature range may also be used. Block insulation of suitable thickness shall be placed between the refractory materials and the outside struc ture. The minimum refractory thickness shall be 4)4*. 4. Floor, i Spec. HH-l Page 2 of 3 The floor shall consist of 5* of No. 1 firebrick or high heat duty castable re fractory placed on fop of 4Vi" of high temperature insulating castable refroctory. placed on top of 4'/j" of high temperature insulating castable refractory. 5. Burner Cones. Super duty air setting plostic refractory or in cases of extreme temperature slagging conditions, 60% alumina super duty air setting plastic refractory shall be used for the burner cones. 6. Roofs -- Flat -- Furnace (radiant zone) tube protected. High heat duty or high temperature insulating castable refractory shall be used. A minimum refractory thickness shall be 7". 7. Roof -- Flat - Furnace (radiant zone) no tube protection. Super duty plastic refractory or high heat duty castable refractory with suitable service temperature limits shall be used. The minimum refractory thickness will be 8". 8. Roof -- Flat -- Convection Zone. Moderate heat duty, high heat duty, or insulating castable refractories shall be used depending upon service temperature limits of the material and anticipated temperatures. The minimum refractory thickness will be 7". 9. Bridgewalls. The face of the bridgewall exposed to the furnace shall be 9" of high heat duty or super duty plastic refractory. The rear facing of the bridgewall shall be 7" minimum thickness of moderate heat duty castable refractory material. C. CONSTRUCTION 1. All vertical refractory walls over 6'0" high shall be sectionaliy supported and securely anchored back to the exterior wall structure. All plastic refractory anchors shall provide for free movement of the refractory material both hori zontally and vertically while effectively preventing its bulging away from the exterior wail structure. 2. The anchors for all castable refractory walls may be of solid or semi flexible design. Mild steel or cast iron may be used for furnace temperatures up to 2,300 degrees F. For furnace temperatures above 2000 degrees F., chrome nickel alloy anchors must be used, having an alloy content of not less than 18% chrome, and 8% nickel. 3. All anchors for plastic refractory materials shall be installed on centers not exceeding 18". For furnace temperatures up to 2000 degrees F., the plastic refractory anchors shall be constructed of cast iron. 4. For furnace temperatures exceeding 2,000 degrees F., the plastic refractory anchors shall be chrome-nickel alloy'steel capable of sustaining their load at Spec. HH-1 Page 3 of 3 o maximum metal temperature of 1500 degrees F., with a factor of safety of not less than four and shall show no appreciable signs of oxidation at tern* peratures up to 2000 degrees F. 5. Anchors of pre-fired refractory shapes will not be acceptable for this work. All sectionally supporting fixtures for the plastic firebrick walls shall be of chrome nickel alloy steel having the same property as outlined above for the refractory anchors. Pre*fired refractory shapes will not be acceptable for use as sectionalizing supports. Sectionalizing supports shall be placed on centers not greater than 18" horizontally and shall be of such overall area as to be not less than 2555 of the cross section area of the refractory linings which they support. - Sectionalizing supports shall be spaced not more than 54" vertically. These supports shall in all cases be anchored back to the exterior wall struc* ture in such a way as to transmit the load of the refractory back to this structure. 6. All flat arches shall be suspended from chrome*nickel alloy fixtures capable of sustaining their load at a maximum metal temperature of 1500 degrees F., with a factor of safety of four and shall show no appreciable sign of oxidation at temperatures up to 2,300 degrees F. Spec. VH-1 Page 1 of 2 Rev, 1 May 1, 1955 PL1BRIC0 SPECIFICATIONS VH-1 FOR VERTICAL HEATERS A. General 1. The lining shall be made up of two (2) components to provide both an insulation backing and a refractory surface. 2. The insulating portion of the lining shall be made up of block insulation. The thickness of this component shall be dependent upon the hot face temperature of the refractory surface and the desired shell temperature. 3. The refractory surface shall be made up of a light weight castable refractory having a density of seventy five to eighty (75 80) lbs. per cubic foot, shipped weight, as manufactured by the Plibrico Co., of Chicago, III., under the trade name of "L.W.I." or its equal. The minimum thickness of this component shall be three (3) inches on diameters under ten (10) feet and on wails not over twenty two (22) feet in height. On diameters over ten (10) feet in diameter, the thick* ness shall be increased. On heights over twenty two (22) feet the minimum thickness shall be four and one half (4%) inches. B. Retaining Structure 1. The retaining structure for the refractory component shall be made up of 2 x 2 x 14 gauge mild steel wire mesh. 2. The mesh shall be attached to the shell by use of "Nelson *G* Studs" or an approved equal. 3. The studs shall be spaced on eighteen (18) ineh centers, both ways. 4. "Speed Nuts* may be used to hold the block insulation in position. C. Application Procedure 1. Weld studs in place and hammer test. 2. Install block insulation. All voids between blocks and around studs to befitted with similar grade insulating cement. 3. The insulation block shall be sprayed with a light solution of cut back asphalt to render it impervious to the water from the castable refractory material. All nozzles which go through the refractory shall also be coated. 4. The 2x2x14 gauge wire mesh shall be applied. Care shall be exercised to see that a one square lap is maintained at both horizontal and vertical joints. All such joints shall be *hog ringed" or securely fastened with tie wire. The tie. wires shall be cut short or the ends turned inward. Spec. VH-1 Page 2 or 2 r?ev. 1. May 1,1955 5. On diameters ten (10) feet and under the castable refractory shall then be placed by pouring behind either plywood or sheet steel forms. If plywood is used it shall be treated with an approved plastic form coating or oiled before each pour. Care shall be taken to vibrate the forms while pouring the material. The top of each pour shall be left rough, not trowelled. The forms shall not be moved for a minimum of twelve (12) hours after completion of each pour. On diameters over ten (10) feet special "L.W.I" -T shall be used and the material trowelled into place with the vessel in a horizontal position; the vessel shall be "rolled" as the material is installed. If it is necessary or desireabie the smaller units may also be trowelled. 6. Under normal atmospheric temperatures no water curing is required.