Document Do8aGmBN5DM3gZB6VjVbaxoB

RECHARGE PFAS mappi:ng in batteri; es & the impact ofa PFAS restriction on the battery industry |__| 11 December 2023 PE = Tia - Oa AG Sy DS es 5 RECHARGE Members pia sreLinTs Benaur BY con ne [Ee @ von 2 8BoscOh O > om [72] 2 jo Meso Zac aces APPLE mio 5203470 a Cntcon soFmE lucSaoelonW, =Tn am\ 7 wen suse \ amazon can HE ef @,A pens |northvolt OP = arkema grow VARTA ns py (EGY SL pete SG ; outpianey Omee [ABCiER @mennx 2 cuencons |e cae S FDK/| ou: wt, [oa NR SF pry ALBEMARLE W | om rzenrieney / SHAM Oo Ea Eve Pras MINE r Zi n c " eT wc or Oveoun rene r hui Pe 4 Ww eS Buc prmonus - fen * ANNIVERSARY [Pca g Outline of presentation This presentation will provide an insight into: Importanceof the EU Battery Value Chain industry + Outline of RECHARGE's feedback + PFAS Mapping + Alternatives + PFAS emissions + Impact oaf restriction Final comments = ib PS oD ER LAan |LAV et LAER we = mm Importance of the EU Battery Value Chain industry =| `Batteries are...an important source of energy and oneofthe key enablersfor sustainable development, green mobility, clean energy, and climate neutrality (page 1, Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542) + 20 billions eurosto thebattery value chain via IPCEI, EIB & more + By 2030 EU forecast to be the world's 2nd largestbatterycell manufacturer + Potential creation of 3-4 million jobsTM - LR 7B \ \ "x EEX | "i= er "=k _- @s rN FAVED = ap A,aT n mr ony rs Aes ZA etoi ri ps Eo E Batteries are essential -- critical to the functioning of society & to achieve EU Green Deal objectives u8 + Power mobility solutions + pPoowweerr industry - power BESS, back for industrialassets suchas up nuclear power plants & internet data centres, emergencyalarmsystems & remote loTapplications + Power general publicapplication-s smartphones, tablets, power tools, hearingaids &defibrillators FRET rer > Ove! ill 4 AED \ \ EE Gi@ T ut | -- F[OANE = Ha i: a Fo 0 Ti, > g PFAS ECHA Restriction proposal = = EE [Em] Er-- [ Pante ene m] SS = Eo ---- {fee | EE Pl| [Comings 4 E f= e m] as} = ox fr[ e 1|/ / ss i-- -- == Bu= (|SE etmhiesseinoerngsysceocmteorf-rom | [a.d where the Batteries. ) Industry is included BR withinthescope Ne LLAOBMNE1sx Ve|royrlbiatttleeriencfowrimnaitinomne | [e RSyE proposal ~ " ERE g Summary of RECHARGE's feedback to the process A= EE RECHARGE RECHARGE techvical contritfoirtohen 1 . SASeanctonSoragoion (RL == 1. Maa. ppWihnyg PFAS are used inbatteries? b. What are their unique properties? 2. Aematives- an indepth analysis . Where within batteries are PFAS used? 2) Best practise procfoermstrsoduecisng new design b) Wcohmeproentehnetrseianrethneobaalttteemraytiinvdeusstatrypresent 3. PFAS consumpinttoinonens and PFAS emissions during the battery life cycle 2) HLiomwitactainontsh?is be measured? Standardised methods? b) Whdoa resut lts show? 4. The socio economic impact assessmentof arestriction =- | @ |g ER AON NEE! S[ISSr ESSRISS BD of EY g PFAS mappiSnesgsain battesrieessnes floss Lion rechargeable batteries Primary Li batteries Ni-based rechargedole batteries Wetal air batteries 2ins oxide batteries Silver ovide batteries. Narion rechargable batteries 2wion rechargeable batteries Solid-state batteries Li metal rechargeable batteries Other battery +echwologies currently under eaters cus 03 rsa Aam PSE J [pH HR BR [) td Fry Fe B q a g PFAS mapping in batteries A. Why are5 FAS 2used? pd Because of their unique pBr.opWehrattieasr?e theiirr igus + Repe--waltelr,oei,n&dtir + aDgugrraebslseiuvnedcehrehmiigchalTs P & + Chemica&l thermal insulation C. where are FFAS used? =pHrEaP vFoRrM iLfITaEtSeI Li -- fEli e |I I PVDF SE N1 a 1 FE Fee == PVDF, PTFE = PR EE " [2@) aqFuEeR LONJVE lpa =] Pras ype a GE VER (RE MENS Pree rep ravorrire ov Er ae Ee ETT EA [Where used in the battery Binder inactive material mass incr n actve mater mass in electaiies EypT-- | Lion wet process(except or the graphite anode), Na-fon, Lithium meta rechargeable, solid state Lion doy process and semi proces, Liu primary, N-Ca, Ni MH, Zinc oxide, i Metal air, Siver oil, Zine rechargeable, Lithium meta rechargeabsloel, sate Lion rechargeable, Lithium primary iia etal rechargeable aon echargesbl batteries Gaskets, washers Chemicallyaggressive environments where PEAS needed orcectochemical tabity uch as Lithium primary batteries using LS; and SOC) Ee High perormance batteries hichequi very thi gaskets such as LEW ion rechargeable batteries, Lithium metal rechargeable atcries Orygen permeate membrane FFAS hycophobic properties ae needed to facilate sir permeation and prevent alkalinelectroteleskage in Zinc air batteries Soi alctolal gl polyrne clectionte Sol sate baeries in costings on theseparator Lion rechargeable, Lithium primary ives, iors,washers Lion rechargeable, LithiumprimarySol satebares where speci FFAS | properties dente in section 3.1.4,3.1.5 ae nt required | = Alternati--vaens in-depth analysis TE a. Where therearealternatives |< a In the few cases where there are non PFAS alternatives for some components, we = La explain the time frame required for best practise processes for introducing new design components in the battery industry - Erm enters PD re eae ea oT Ce res EN Es) = EE me mareons BE ns pr b. Wahelretthereearrenno atiavtperesesnt We request for a review clause if alternatives are not found within the derogation period TY g PFAS emissions PFAS emissions during the battery life cycle MPFeAmSbeermissseimopnhadsatiasemdetas hseulrt iemmitea anttiosn nsfoord ftnheoaBatr terid es Ini dusmts reyt.he odsd to perform RECHARGE encouraged members to perform PFAS measurements using the following methodologiyn water: o Aliquid chromatography technique coupled with amass detector (LCMSMS or LC-HRMS)with reference methods such as ASTM D7979 (or EPA8327)or ISO 21675 o"PESAS Sconnsiidadecoernceerdn with regard o water intended or human consumption = oR 23 -- EB 3g [E/YNpEEHN a Fi 2 a g PFAS emissions PFAS emissions during the battery life cycle b) What do results show? i. Battery Manufacturing phase: The wastewater samples analysed so far confirmed that there isndoetectable. ePmFiAsSs*ioanroe fePFiASntotottdhheeteeecntvaibrrloenmoretnhtediurrsiunmgbiastwteellrybmealnouwfa1c0t0urnign/gL.* Analysed We ei.ncBoautrtaergyeRdecmyecmlbiengrpshtaosper:ovide real measurement data to ECHA 3 We also looked to peer reviewed academic articles. For example, Rensmo et al (2023) show in their bench-scale recycling experiments that PFAS emminiesrsailoinssatoifonfloucocruinrastaetd hsiugbhsttaenmcpeesraisturreeqsuihroewdever, further investigation of rsSida canes PASconsiadcoencrerewidthregardtowaterintendedfor human consumption TD -na Sl - a aquTrh BOA = 4 WH g ao g Safe handling of PFAS in batteries PFAS in batteries do not pose an unacceptable risk to human health or to the environment: + Tsuobtshteanecnesd-houwse-veAelrrl,bmaottcehreymtieccahlnoilkogaiersisiencnotrhpeoruastee sphoamsee.hTazhaerednodu-suser will foreseeable conditions of battery use. + Toworkers - Safe handling of substances incorporated in batteries results in no exposure to workers during manufacturing and recycling and the environment. FOrtahmeerwnorokn,EUUKapRpMrOoAac)hes are focused on the real sources of risks (US EPA's PFAS No uncontrolled or unintended PFAS emissions during 2 manufacturing, normal use and during recycling 3 i" a sagur. [7D dR BO I" int Zor " Impact of restriction on the battery industry & beyond s`uBastttaeirniaesblaered.e..vaenliomppmoerntta,ntgsroeuerncmeoobfileitnye,rcglyeaanndenoerngeyo,ftahned ckleiymeatneabnleeurtrsafloirty (page 1, Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542) ea i" XX a <= fre Pleasenotetheproposalitselfiscreatinghighuncertaintyfor investmentsinEurope inbatterymanufacturingandrecycling. The proposal IS NOW: + limiting the Green Deal in achieving its objectives & preventing Europe from achieving a net zero economy by 2050 + Diverting battery value chain & EV investments away from ENfope \ + Inhibiting the growth of renewable energy & electrification of dwa - transport a>t g Arestrictionwill: + Stop the sale for e.g. of new & second hand EVs in Europe \ . Ey me" Jt LE objectives \ Tz - VER pw FARE aP ' \wh A A E Final comments + Bat+terFioers tahreefeusnscetnitoinailng of society & for the green and digital transitions + PFAS are essential in batteries - there are currently no feasible non-PFAS alternatives + PFAS in batteries do not pose an unacceptable risk to human healthor to the environment Reference to RECHARGE feedback to the ECHA consultation ID 8705, foundinTable 99 + Decision Urgency + Proposal is causing: Investment to divert away from EU + Forecasted growth in direct jeopardy For the EU to upscale its current production and recycling capacities in order to meet demand, batteries must be outsideof the ECHA PFAS restriction scope. A decision must bemade swiftly to avoid further investment being diverted away from the EU andtostayon track to meet GreenDealtargets. 5:jiSe Ld ( A) w= ryDy [OHNE ot a in A o op RECHARGE Thank you i FR1e6c0urAavReGneEuessaielTreveren "227770560 -------------------------- & m-- FomliousnseC-- ioinoannnicetdn 5& FVolloiw ReECwimHpaAoorRntGEfaorbTwittaer ers a - OVEsR F| ARE a " ivy, 5; LWP)y