Document BRejQRn0Ryokna02a1zvGKX0w
New York University
Department of Chemistry 4 Washington Place, Room 410 New York, N.Y. 10003 Telephone: (212) 598-3427
ATTACHMENT TO TABLE I `
Memorandum to: Dr. George Thompson Food and Drug Administration
From: S. Z. Lewin Chemistry Department, New York' University
Re: Determination of Asbestos Contents of Commercial Talcum Powders.
This will serve to summarize the main points of our discussion on this date of July 10, 1973 with respect- to the factors involved in ^he detection and estimation of asbestos in talc, and the status of the tabulation of results of the analyses of commercially avail able consumer products containing talcum powder.
My research group has been engaged in studies o f talc and its accessory minerals continuously since July 1971* and we are continuing to work in this field. We have undertaken to investigate the follow ing problems :
A e Tabulation of the x-ray diffraction data for talc and all solid phases (whether naturally occurring, or added in the course of processing) encountered with talc in mineral, industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
B e Elucidation of the x-ray diffraction spectrum (i.e., precise locations and relative intensities of peaks and variability thereof) of chrysotile. Assignment of the diffraction peaks to the crystal planes responsible for them, and interpretation in terms of crystallogr phy of the effects of grinding, orientation, and sample preparation.
C 0 Investigation of the chemical properties of chrysotile, antigorite, chlorite, tremolite, and talc: specifically, measurement of the rates of hydrolytic and ion replacement reactions.
D. Microscopy, both optical and electron, of chrysotile and of talcs containing various accessory minerals, including chrysotile and tremolite.
E 0 Measurement of the degree of enrichment, due to air lutria tion, of asbestos' in the lightest fractions of the dust from commercial talcs.
*
M2-
F 0 Development of a method based on the combination of x-ray
diffraction, chemical reactivity, and microscopy for the estimation
of the chrysbtile and tremolite contents of consumer products (these
two being the only asbestiform minerals encountered in all the /
American products examined so far, with only one possible exception),
and application of the method to the analysis of about 200 standard
store-purchased specimens.
G. Investigation of alternative analytical.methods, viz., diff
erential thermal analysis and density gradient centrifugation, as
alternative or supportive techniques. .
Our results to date support the following conclusions: 1. The chrysotile that is found in commercial talcs is generally different in significant respects from the chrysotile that occurs as massive, fibrous growths in veins in serpentine rocks. That is, the for mer has diffraction peaks that may differ from the latter by as much as 0.2 A (at 7*3 A);- it is more reactive toward dilute acids; it shews a different appearance under the microscope; and its DTA endotherms and exotherm are shifted relative to those of the latter (and apparently diminished). 2. The presence of chrysotile as a minor constituent in talc may be established with reasonable certainty on the basis of (a) the
presence of x-ray diffraction peaks in the vicinity of 7*23 to 7-43 A
and 3*59 to 3-65 A, (b) the pronounced weakening or complete disappear ance of these peaks upon treatment-up-en-teeafement' of the specimen
with 1 M HC1 at 80C for 1 hour, (c) the presence of fiber bundles of
visible size under 2pOX or higher magnification in the optical micro- scope which show a refractive index of about 1.54 (these fiber bundles may be short and straight, and may be coated with a bumpy encrustation of MgC|0^_, or may be embedded in talc or other particles), and (d) the presence of fibers under the electron microscope which yield an electron diffraction pattern that corresponds in d-values to those found in the x-ray diffraction pattern (these fibers typically do not have a hollow central capillary running through them).
3o The concentration of chrysotile in a talc may be estimated by mea.. uring the area under the x-ray diffraction peak at about J . 3 A relf ;ive to' that of an internal standard. The best internal standard
3
is calcium oxalate monohydrate (peak at 583 A)c 4. The quantitative results are conditioned by the fact that
segregation effects in talc powders are considerable; the analytical method gives a reproducibility of 2 to 3$ average deviation in replicate determinations on the same sample, but different samples from the same bulk container are found to vary by as much as 200$.
5* The quantitativeresults are further complicated by the factj3 that antigorite gives an x-ray pattern that is indistinguishable from that of chrysotile. The HCl treatment specified above does not affect ground antigorate, but it is not yet known whether antigorite, if it occurs in talc, has the same chemical reactivity as the ground material from massive antigorite, or .whether (like chrysotile) its properties may be variable depending upon the rock matrix in whiojf it is found,
6. Subject to the qualifications inherent in the above, we have obtained quantitative estimates of the chrysotile contents of about 200 commercial talcum powder specimens. We have also determined the contents of the other minerals in these products, including tremolite, quartz, chlorite, dolomite, and others. There is no ambiguity in the identification of. these latter species, but the quantitative results for these are also affected by the segregation problem, which is most serious for those constituents present in the smallest amounts.
7. Most of the commercial talcs tested are free of any detectable amount if. any of the asbestiform minerals, according to the criteria enumerated above. Thus, there appears to be an adequate supply of talc for which there is no ambiguity about the absence of chrysotile or tremolite. In about 10$ of the samples tested, there appear to be definitely detectable amounts of either chrysotile or tremolite present.
TABLE IV KEY TO SAMPLE NUMBERS OF COSMETIC TALCUM-TYPE POWDERS
NO
PRODUCT NAME
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION
1 Ammens Powder, Medicated
Bristol-Myers (No. IF25)
2 Arnolin Deodorant Powder
Norwich
3 Aquamarine Cooling Spray Bath Powder
Revlon (143)
4 Bagatelle Amber Dusting Powder
Corand (DCH)
5 Bourjois Bath Powder A Caldesene Medicated Powder
Pennwalt (5274)
7 Cashmere Bouquet Body Powder
Colgate-Palmolive
8 Chanel No. 5 Bath Powder
9 Countess Rocheau Cake Dusting Powder 10 Crepe De Chine Dusting Powder, Millot
11 Crepe De Chine Poudre Mist, Millot 12 Cuticura Talcum Powder
Jergens House of Fragrance (L1132) House of Fragrance ,Purex (07170)
13 Des enex
WTS-Pharmacraft
14 Desitin Baby Powder
Pfizer (1139Z) (3/29/72)
15 Desitin Baby Powder
Pfizer (115A) (5/10/72)
16 Diaparene Baby Powder
Breon (E1030)
17 Dorothy Gray "Secret Of The Sea" Dusting Powder
18 Emeraude Talcum Powder
Coty (355-4010)
19 English Leather 20 Faberge "Music" Dusting Powder
Mem (2891)
21 Friendship Garden Dusting Powder
Shulton (3/27/72)
Friendship Garden Dusting Powder
Shu1ton (5/9/72)
Friendship Garden Dusting Powder
Shulton.(7/13/72)
'iMP NO PRODUCT NAME
24 Heaven Sent Aerosol Bath Powder Mist.
25 Heaven Sent Bath Powder
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION Rubinstein Rubinstein
26 Helen Press 1 "Little Lady" 27 Imports, Spain Mens' Talc 28 Isis Floral Talcum Powder
s;/
/
29 Johnson's Baby Powder
(028Q)
30 Johnson and Johnson Medicated Powder
(3612)
31 Koscot Beauty Dust--0il of Mink
32 Lanvin Arpege Dusting Powder
(1288)
33 Lanvin Arpege Powdered Mist
34 Lanvin Arpege Talc
35 Lewis Baby Powder
36 Loves Fresh Lemon Glossy Powder
Manley & James
37 Macy's Scented Borated Talcum
38 Macy's Talcum, Apple
(2K4)
39 Marcelle Dusting Powder, Hypo-Allergenic
40 Mary Chess Perfumed Dusting Powder
41 Mennen Baby Magic Powder
(B112)
42 Mennen Quinsana Foot Powder
(H202)
43 Merck Talc, Product No. 6460, Lot No. 6460)
(8039301)
44 Mexsana 2387-D Medicated Powder
Plough
45 Old Spice Body Talcum
--
Shulton
~
46 Persian Lilac Deluxe Dusting Powder
April Showers (LFN)
Persian Lilac Spray Bath Powder
April Showers (B200B)
Pond's Perfumed Talc Body Deodorant Dream Flower (115B)
Prince Matchabelli Beloved Spray Powder
SAMPLE NO.
PRODUCT NAME
50 Quest Deodorant Powder
51 Replique Spray Bath Powder
52 Riviana Foods - Italian Stearin Talc
53 September Morn By Pond's.
54 Seven Winds After Bath Talc
55 U S P Talc
56 Vaseline Intensive Care Baby Powder
57 Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche Spray Talc
58 Z B T Baby Powder
59 Zeasorb Super Absorbent Medicated Powder
60 Ambush-Dana Dusting Powder
61 April Showers
62 Avon Unforgettable Perfumed Talc
63 Beloved Perfumed Dusting Powder, Prince Matchabelli
64' Coty Face Powder Rachel
65 Desert Flower Spray' Bath Powder
66 Emeraude Dusting Pox^der
67 Emeraude Spray Dusting Powder
68 Faberge Flambeau Deodorant Spray Powder
69 Jean Nate Spray Bath Powder
70 Jeris Talc, Flesh
71 Jolie Madame Dusting Powder, Balmain
72 Lady Esther Face Powder, Rachel
73 Max Factor Face Powder, Rachelle
74 Medicated Comfort Powder
75 Oh' de London Talc
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION Parfums Raphael (004) For Rice (19B) DuBarry (021085) (I 209) ..(F1021) Stiefel (9884)
Shulton (F 1 BKI) Coty Coty (1 AEY) (37 WBF) (1 N 247)
Parke-Davis Yardley (498)
SAMPLE NO.
PRODUCT NAME
76 To Know Me Is To Love Me - Tinkerbell
77 Touch And Clow Face Powder, Creamy Peach
78 Toujours Moi Bath Powder
79 Yardley April Violets
80 Chantilly Dusting Powder
81 Cashmere Bouquet
82 Jean Nate Talc
83 Mennen Shay Talc
84 Shower To Shower Body Powder
T'
85 Pure Baby Powder, Dart Drug
86 Pond's Dream Flower Perfumed Talc
87 Almay Hypo-Allergenic Face Powder
88 Constance Carroll, Bouquet Talc
89 Djer-Kiss Talcum
90 Flamingo Dusting Powder, Tussy
91 Lander Lilacs And Roses Talc
92 Mavis Talcum
93 Mavis Body Powder
' 94
Tangee
95 ZBT Baby Powder
96 Blanchard's Dusting Powder
97 Born Wild Dusting Powder
98 Lander Gardenia And Sweet Pea Talc
9 9 Lander Lilacs And Roses Deodorant Body Talc
100 Miss Dior Dusting Powder
101 Tai Winds S p r a y Talc
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION Tom Fields, Ltd. Revlon Corday (4908) Houbigant (11F)
(on 345) (B 81) Johnson & Johnson (5507BG) (K 11C) (0 13D)
*
Kerkoff (L1047)
Vivaudou Vivadou Luft-Tangee (B0048)
Del Labs
(Avon (DCC 1272 2-14-72,HWS)
SAMP __NO
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
PRODUCT NAME Tosea Dusting Powder Coty L'Aimant Talcum Powder Coty Emeraude Talcum Powder Coty L'Aimant Dusting Powder Coty Imprevu Dusting Powder Coty Muguet des Bois Dusting Powder Revlon Intimate Perfumed Bath Powder Jean Natd^Bath Powder
110 Jean Nate^ Spray Bath Powder
111 Old Spice Body Talc 112 Dr, Scholl's Foot Powder 113 Faberge Xanadu Luxury Bath Powder Spray 114 Faberge Zizanie de Fragonard 115 Faberge Tigress Bath Powder 116 Faberge Woodhue for Men 117 Faberge Brut for Men Shower Buff All-Over
Body Powder 118 Faberge Talc 119 Faberge Aphrodesia Bath Powder
120 Faberge Straw Hat Bath Powder
121 Faberge Aphrodesia for Men Shower Buff 122 Faberge Xanadu de Luxe Bath Powder 123 Faberge Woodhue Bath Powder 124 Faberge Music Dusting Powder 125 Faberge Flambeau Bath Powder
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION
(UJ) (01A) (1M)
.. /
*'
(IDE)
(2D0)
*
(241)
Lanvin - Charles of the Ritz (2137)
Lanvin - Charles of the Ritz (2103)
Shulton, Inc. (MFO)
(20517)
(Yl)
(2132) Ref. 61159-019
Ref. 2052-003
Ref. 5027 (0252)
Ref. 5400
(raw material: from France) Ref-. 2052 (2172)
Ref. 502 7 Ref. 1244-028 (2342) Ref. 2052-002 Ref. 0714-018 (3121) Ref. 2052 (3471)
SAMPLE NO.
PRODUCT NAME
126 Mennen Baby Magic
127 Walgreen's Crib Age
128 Caldesene Medicated Powder
129 Dssiten
130 Vaseline Intensive Care
131 Johnson and Johnson Medicated Powder
132 Johnson Baby Powder
133 Johnson's Baby Powder
134 Johnson's Baby Powder
135 Johnson and Johnson Medicated Powder
136 Johnson and Johnson Shower to Shower Body Powder
137 Johnson and Johnson Shower to Shower Body Powder
138 Johnson and Johnson Shower to Shower Body Powder
139 Avon Brocade Spray
140 Avon Bird of Paradise Spray
141 Avon Tai Winds Spray Talc
142 Mennen Bath Talc
143 rin-Zow Talque
144 Overton's "High-Brown" Face Powder
145 Softee Face Powder
146 Westport Face Powder
147 Hazel Bishop Pressed Powder
148 Lady Wayne Face Powder
149 Solitaire Cake Makeup 150 Dreamglo Pressed Powder
.
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION
(108T) .(109T) (0452K) (C 512Z) (0709X1) (0872K) (31602) (Bl.652 ) (4065) (A308) Perfection Beauty Prodi:
Inc. , Pearl River, N.
SAMPLE NO.
PRODUCT NAME
151 Early American Old Spice Talcum Powder
152 Corsage Dusting Powder
153 Ammens Powder, Medicated
154 Bismoline Medicated Powder
155 Rite Aid Pure Baby Powder
156` Warner Pure Baby Powder
157 Mavis Imported Talcum
158 Avon Brocade Perfumed Talc
159 Avon Blue Lotus Perfumed Talc
160 Avon Beauty Dust Refill - Charisma
161 Avon Elusive Beauty Dust Refill
162 Avon Rdgence Perfumed Talc
163 Pinaua Clubman Talc
164 Grand Union Baby Powder
165 Cashmere Bouquet
166 Alrnay Face Powder, Soft Beige
167 Tawny Tone Body Talc From Black Heritage
168 Colgate Tooth Powder 169 Dr. Lyon's Tooth Powder 170 "C" Bouquet Talc.
171 Tangee Dusting Powder 172 Jeris Talc 173 Corsage Dusting Powder 174 Lander Gardenia & Sweet Pea Deodorant Body Talc
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION Lander
(101672) (4212DX) (Supplied by Mfgr.) (List No. 719, Lot 201, Supplied by Mfgr. ) (Beauty Mustus, Inc. Greenwich, Conn.)
(Winarick, Inc. Distr. by F. W. Woolworth)(2662) (George W. Luft Co.)(2762) (Winarick) (2732) (Lander Co.)
SAMPLE NO.
PRODUCT NAME
175 Lander Baby Powder
176 Lander Lilac & Roses Body Talc
177 Beloved Perfumed Dusting Powder
178 Jean Natd" Talc No. 60
179 Jean Nate"Spray Bath Powder
1801 Tinkerbell Body Talc
181 Yardley Sigh Shadow Brush-On Eye Shadow 182 Max Factor Face Pox^der, Rachel le 183 Tweed Bath Powder, Lentheric IRA Yardley Next to Nature Sheer Pressed Powder 185 Yardley April Violets Dusting Powder 186 Yardley Red Roses Dusting Powder 187 Yardley Springflowers Talc 188 Yardley White Lavender Talc 189 Yardley Red Roses Talc 190 April Showers Deodorant Talc 191 Chantilly Houbigant Dusting Powder 192 Tinkerbell Dusting Powder 193 Tinkerbell Powder Mitt 194 Tinkerbell Dusting Powder 195 Tinkerbell Body Talc
FURTHER IDENTIFICATION
Prince Matchabelli (235A)
(2264)
_/
(2101)
(Tom Fields, Ltd. , Div. of MEM)
Ref. No. 721
(Supplied by Mfgr. )
(Yardley)(44)
(A2)
(162)
(165)
(260)
(271)
(214)
Ref. No. 9882
(2JBB)
(Tom Fields, Ltd.)
(Tom Fields, Ltd.)
(Tom Fields, Ltd.)
(Tom Fields, Ltd.)
TABLE I
final, m m m
c <ttsxesaBP^js^ag.cr^3C
X-HAY JP-OWEEK DIFFRACTION ANALYSES OP (COMMERCIAL COSMETIC POWDERS
hlge~ <Svi7?Jarvrgm^pg^prT-.ilp,>^e-rrr> Tams4a&aC2l-33ttcsChlorite-
1 m i 3 2 100% n0do 3 99 riodo 4 ioo% Hodo
5 95% 2 6 80% 2 7 86?5 7 S 95% 2fi 9 89% 7 10 91% 59/0c^ 11 90% 2$ 12 100% Rode 13 60% Rod 14 3%% 50$ 15 100% Rode 16 <S><E) 23CB
7 ndo
li Rodo
Si 5 2i
si 2 2 2 Red Red Z% Rod. CXC3
17 60% 18 90%
19 97% 20 35% 21 67% 22 59% as 4a$s 24 9453
a$ 95% 26 95% 27 78% 28 e?a,,20%
30S3 4j3
'1* 60%
25% 35% 50%
1% 2% 1% Red
4
2% 2% 1# 2% 1% 2% 2%
3% k% 2% nio
29 68,9^% 30 97% 31 W
-*r *
Rodo li 5Q
a* 253 2^
Dole-
Trem Chryso^ Other
_mite C&lelte cesyulw,i>0taets
nodo Redo Rode Red Rodo Rodo
2/ Rode
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Rodo Redo Red Rodo Redo Rod
2i Rodo Redo Rode
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7% Rodo GQO
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3 5 si Rodo Rodo FIedo 20 Redo
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Redo Rodo Rode Redo Rdo Redo Rfedo Rodoe Rodo Rodo Redo' Rodo
Rode RoQLq Rodo Rodo Rodo Rodo
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47
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43 88% 4 ?
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51 100% fio 0 87% 8$
53 90% 4 *
54 e&o87%
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55
80%
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56 90% 7%
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57 8 0 % 15%
n o d 0 Ho d o
58
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5$ Ho do Rodo
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185
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45
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rude
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5? Rodo Rode li ode
7 78% 15%
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75 7 5 $
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7C 8 5 $ 2$
79 8 5%
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31 ea So#
7#
32 ea7 8 $
12#
33 ite04#
34 eli92#
6# 4#
35 mt 86# 36 85#
5# 4#
37 a.,30# 38 6 1 $
50# n<io
39 68# )0 55# li ea<53#
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3 55# 4 eiw4S#
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6 6# nodo 6 28# n do
7 31# 8 ea4o#
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5# 8$ 7# Ho d o 6# 6# 6# 5# 6# 5# ned
7# Ho Ci Rode
5# 5# 15# 10# Rodo 3# 2# Dodo 4#
3# 4#
3# G# 4# 12# 25# 10# 25# 3# 20# 25# 35# 4# 45# 35# 6#
ruda rudo
2$ rud0
5# 5# rudo Redi Rodo
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Rodo rud0 Rodo riada Roda rudo rudo
3# rudo rudo
2$ 5$ rudo ruda rudo Redo rudo
Rodo 2%
Rodo 3#
Redo Redo Redo Red
5$ 3# 5# Rodo Redo Rodo Roda Redo Red* Rodo Rodo Red 4%
5# 3#
nodo 5# 5# 4# 2#
6#
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Redo n odo Rodo R odo Rodo Rado Rodo Rodo n odo Rodo
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2 63# 2#
3 93#
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105 920
L06 910
107 870 .08 81$
09 740
,10 990 .11 420
1 2 eae60$
30 30 5$ 100 150 nde 400 node
10 10 20 20 30 10 20 Hade
2$
30 nodo
20 30 Ho do nodo 40
20 0 60
30 30 n 0do 150 nodo
rio(Id Re do Oodo Ho (o nodo nod nodo 100
Ho de node nodo
2$ 2$ ilode 1$ node
13 750 14 530 15 530 16 530 17 420 18 530 19 490 20 460 21 870 22 560
23 510 24 540
25 550
26 750
27 850 28 600
29 970 (S3c880
a ,,92
12 950
53 940 *4 930 5 930 iS 890 M 910 *8 850
59 ca,850
*0 ear.850
150 400 400 400 350 400 400 400
80 350 400 400 400 100 tiodc rtede Iido
70 30 30 20 30 20 40 40 70 n,,d
node
He do Hede n do He do H odo He de nodo riodo
2%
n 0d 6 He de Kode nodo
3$ no do o do n 6do Rode
30
20
40 20
30 30 n,,dU
30 rude
nod.o
30 30 30 30 150 30 6$ 8$ nodo 50 30 30 20 40 40 Rftde Ro do 2$ nodo mdo nodo nodo n 6de 2$ 30 20 20
20
70 40 40 4# 40 40 50 40 30 40 40 30 30 80 nodo nodo 3$ 30 20 ned ned 20 20 20 20 30 ned
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