Document BGOBv325yyddxNMm3j7oQ1EX

, HI OanrirUh ( i II . F. G o fi () r I c !i T h o in i i :i I ( u i i, PVC PLASTIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, has become one of our most widely used and useful plastic materials since its discovery and development in the 1930's, Some factors in this increasing wide acceptance are its unusual stability, its versatility, comparatively easy processing, its flame resistance, and low cost. Some of its large volume uses include wire insulation; pipe; building materials, including gutters, downspouts, soffits, siding and window insulation; clothing, such as rainwear and footwear; wall coverings; furniture, and many other uses. Recently, because of its clarity, -resistance to breaking, and low production costs, it has been gaining increasing acceptance as a packaging material, first in film and blister packaging, and later in bottles, tubes and similar containers. The growth of these uses has been especially strong in Europe, and now is growing in the United States. Some of the important reasons for the growing acceptance of PVC in packaging, both on the part of packagers and consumers, are these: Bottles made of PVC are very much less subject to breakage or leaking than glass, substantially reducing loss and inconvenience from this cause. Clarity enables the packager to show, and the customer to see, the color of the product. PVC packages are considerably lighter in weight than glass, thus reducing freight and handling costs. Unlike many other plastics and even some other packaging materials, PVC is quite impervious to attack by oils or other substances in products being packaged. It also has very low oxygen transmission. COMBUSTION PRODUCTS While PVC will not support combustion by itself, and is characterized as a flame retardant material, it will burn in the presence of other burning materials. PVC can also be made to pyrolize ( break down chemically under heat in the absence of oxygen ). There have been many studies concerning the combustion products of PVC. ft 17 -& oo p* BFG39092 T' TOXICITY Perhaps the most important point is that combustion products from all organic materials must be considered toxic. Typical organic materials are paper, wood, cotton, food, grass, leaves, coal, petroleum products and plastics. PVC is but one of a multitude of organic materials which have as combustion products carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In addition, hydrogen chloride is a principle product of combustion when PVC is burned. Extensive work has been done to measure the toxicity of the combustion products of PVC, the latest and most comprehensive by Cornish, at the University of Michigan (1). Cornish found that in rats directly exposed to the combustion products of PVC, all fatalities were caused by carbon monoxide. In other words, these were about the same results one would encounter in the burning of many organic materials, such as cardboard, wood, cotton or other plastics. Unlike carbon monoxide, which is a tasteless odorless gas, the HCI generated is a respiratory irritant at a concentration well below that which is considered harmful; thus its presence acts as a warning device. There has been'some speculation that phosgene can be generated from the burning of PVC. The work of Boettner at the University of Michigan has shown that phosgene cannot be detected (<"0.1 ppm ) in the combustion products from PVC (2). Similar studies by Crider and O'Mara at B.F.Goodrich have shown that much of the analytical data in the literature relating to the generation of phosgene from chlorinated hydrocarbons are in error because some of the analytical methods suffered from interference due to the presence of HCI. WASTE DISPOSAL With the growing use of PVC as a packaging material, producers of PVC and others have been studying disposal methods for several years In the United States approximately 90% of all municipal and household solid waste are disposed of in open dumps and sanitary land fills. Most of the remaining 10% is treated in municipal incinerators. The use of open dumps is an archaic, questionable practice. Sanitary land fills, when properly supervised, represent a more satisfactory method of waste disposal, but only approximately 4% of all sanitary land fills meet governmen requirements. BFG39093 r' zoom zsz ( Statistics on the amount or percentage 01 all plastics in U.S. municipal waste are scant. Available figures, for all plastics, range from- 2 to 4 percent (3) . One study of Eastern cities showed the composition of municipal refuse to contain about 46'/ cardboard, newspaper and miscellaneous paper; 12'/ garbage; 107 glass and ceramics, and 27 for leather, molded plastics and rubber. AIR POLLUTION ASPECTS OF HC1 A study has recently been published by the National Air Pollution Control Administration on HC1 emitted to the atmosphere (4). The concentration of HC1 in the air in various cities has been found to vary between 0.010 and 0.058 ppm. ( the maximum allowable concentration for HC1 is 5 ppm ) The study showed that coal burning was estimated to be the largest source of HC1 emitted to the atmosphere, although coal contains only a minor amount of chlorine. Lesser amounts are generated from a number of other sources such as petroleum refining, paper production, glass manufacturing-, iron foundaries, metal treating and automobile exhausts. Each of these individually emit more HC1 than all that coming from refuse incineration. While HC1 was detected in the atmosphere of several municipalities, no significant amount was detected in the general atmosphere of the Los Angeles basin. The report stated HC1 does not have any noticeable effect on smog characteristics (5). In the literature reviewed there has been no information found describing corrosion or damage to material's from exposure to environmental concentrations of HC1. However, there have been some reports of damage to plant foilage. The emission of HC1 from a glass manufacturing operation were reported to have caused damage to shrubs, trees and plants in the surrounding area. Factory emissions at the time of the plant damage contained up to 473 ppm of HC1 (4). The Swedish Academy of Engineering Science has made a study (6) of effects of burning PVC with respect to possible health hazards from the emission of HC1 to the atmosphere. This study estimated that in 1968 the total emission of HCi to the atmosphere, from all sources, was 0.05% of the SO2 being emitted. The study estimated that by 1980 the HCI would be 0.5%. In other words, the amount of SO2 would be 200 times as great as HCI, from all sources, in 1980. This study estimated that the total consumption of PVC, per capita, will be approximately three times the projected per capita consumption in the U.S. *0 * 00* BFG39094 INCINERATION ( With stricter air quality standards being adopted throughout the United States, increasing attention is being given to new and improved methods of incineration, iiia two main problems which must be solved to meet these new standards are control of emitted air pollutants and corrosion within the equipment. The biggest single contributor to both problems is SQ2 , which is both toxic and corrosive. Several other corrosive gases or acids are generated in incinerators, including organic acids, such as acetic acid, from garbage; phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and others. HC1 is generated not only from PVC, but from other chlorinated hydrocarbons, paper, other trash and, in many cases, from the fuel used in the incinerator. Air pollution control officials and incinerator engineers are generally agreed that scrubbers and new designs to control corrosive gases will be needed in all municipal incinerators to prevent corrosion and emission of acid gases into the atmosphere, whether or not PVC is a component of refuse. DISPOSABILITY RESISTANCE (7) The Midwest Research Institute has developed a rating system to measure the relative resistance of various packaging materials to the most widely used methods of disposing of solid wastes such as incineration, sanitary land fills, open dumps, or composting. Under i their rating system those materials most difficult to dispose of had the highest rating and those most easily disposed of had the lowest. According to this system all presently used packaging.materials had a rating of 132 ( on a scale of 500 ) in 1966 and a projected rating of 148 in 1976. With the expection of textiles, plastics, with a rating of 8.5, were shown to have the lowest disposability index ( most easily disposable ) of any of the major categories of solid waste. It is also clear that, viewed as a whole, packaging materials as such will only be slightly more resistant in 1976 than in 1966 if disposal process remains unchanged. If the incineration of solid waste is increased, the resistance index will go up because of the relatively large amounts" of glass and metals and their high resistance to this process . It has been projected that over 90% of the increase in resistance to waste disposal processed in the period 1966-1976 will be for that reason. 25204004 , * ^ ' I PRESENT STATE OF QL'R KNOW LCD G E_ 1. Producers of PVC materials, including B.F.Goodrich Chemical Company, a producer since 1937, and many Government, and umvorsitv researchers, have expended thousands of man-hours and millions of dollars on the investigation of potential toxicogical or corrosive problems in connection with the production or use of PVC. While it is difficult to codify ail these studies over a period of more than 30 years, it is conservatively estimated that B.F.Goodrich Chemical Company has expended more than $6,000,000 in investigating such fields as products of combustion, corrosion in waste disposal, toxicogical studies, and related environmental fields. This is the effort of one concerned company. The literature indicates that similar studies have been multiplied many times by other producers, governmental agencies, and universities. 2. With the increased use of PVC in packaging materials and bottl.es, first in Europe and later in the United States, studies of disposal of PVC in bottles and other packaging materials have been intensified. Studies have been sponsored by SPI at the Battelle Memorial Institute ( Report on The Role of Plastics In Solid Waste ) beginning in 1966; a study on PVC in incinerators at New York University, now in progress, and a study on Plastics in Solid Waste disposal by DeBell & Richardson, Inc., sponsored by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association and now in progress. The early beginnings of these sponsored studies and their scope, are indications of the responsible concern of the producers of PVC materials. 3. As our population grows, and as our standard of living improves, the use of convenience packaged products, principally food items, will grow tremendously. One of the principal results will be a growth of our problems of solid waste disposal much faster than the growth of our population. BFG39096 0 0 1w o o Cl r ( 4. The potential for expansion of sanitary land fill is apparently limited. ' ur present alternatives arc incineration, and/or recovery of the basic materials in refuse. 5. Modern technology has developed incinerators which will both have emissions well within present air pollution standards and will handle any corrosive gases from municipal refuse. However, approximately 7Of: of existing municipal incinerators will neither meet existing air pollution standards, nor can they withstand deterioration from corrosive gases generated in modern municipal refuse. If incineration is to be the most viable alternative, in solid waste disposal, to sanitary land fill, then the number of incinerators must be vastly increased,, and all incinerators must be equipped with scrubbers and related equipment to handle corrosive gases, such as SO2, and prevent these gases from polluting our atmosphere. 6. The best studies now available show that HC1 is a minor air pollutant. The largest source is from burning coal. The next sources, in order of quantity, are automobile exhausts, metal treating, and other industrial processes using HC1. 7 . The burning or incineration of all chlorinated hydrocarbons, including PVC, will produce HC1. The most unfavorable statistics we have been able to find show that in 1980, in Great Britain, the HC1 generated from the incineration of PVC of all types will be less than 1% of the total incineration combustion products. 8. In the opinion of many market analysts and research chemists, the use of PVC in bottles will be confined to food products, such as edible oils, toiletries, such as shampoos, and liquor, in the foreseeable future. PVC probably will not find widespread use in beer or carbonated beverages. It is doubtful that PVC, in all its uses, will reach or exceed 2% of all refuse in the United States by 1980. BFG39097 9 0 0 i'n ? c ? o 9. Before 1980, because of other more severe environmental problems, we can confidently expect that many of the problems of solid waste disposal and incineration will have been solved, and that the relatively minor problem of the generation of HC1 from PV'C will be controlled well within acceptable limits. Many authorities in the field of urban solid waste disposal are agreed that large, modern incinerators, operated on a city, county or district basis, are the most practical way at present to handle solid wastes. It will be necessary to design, build and operate incinerators so that they will handle a wide variety of materials. The two main requirements must be the reduction of these solid wastes to a minimum, and prevention of air pollution. Since so many components of solid wastes are precursors of corrosive compounds, corrosion resistance is a necessary factor in anyincinerator design. We have the technical and financial resources to provide the incinerators to take care of the bulk of our solid wastes, if we are willing to give them the priorities they require. However, we will have to pay for them through some form of taxation, if we are to achieve the environmental standards we now demand. These standards can be achieved without sacrificing the convenience and safety of plastic packaging and bottles. 1- Cornish, H.H. and Abar, E.L. "Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Vinyl Plastics", Arch. Environ. Health, Vol. 19, July 1969 2- Boettner, E.A. Ball, G., and Weiss, B., "Analysis of the Volatile Combustion Products from Vinyl Plastics", J. of App. Poly. Sei. Vol. 13, pp. 377-391 (1969) 3- Federal Bureau of Solid Waste, 1968 Survey 4- Stahl, Q.R. "Air Pollution Aspects of Hydrochloric Acid", Litton Systems Inc., Bethesda Md. Sept. 1969 5- "Report on The Role of Plastics in Solid Waste", Prepared for S.P.I. by Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus Laboratories - 1969 BFG39098 (f 6- "Plastics and the environment", Report No. 160 of The Ingeniorsvetens Ka psakadem ie , Stockholm, 1969 7- "The Role of Packaging in Solid Waste Management 1966 to 1975", Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri. Public Health Service Publication No. 1855 BFG39099 *0 cn ' 10 o rU *1' oo go B-FG TECtpcmaQ&u INTERNAL BFG USE ONLY A BF GOODRICH ANALYTICAL AND** author M. D. MELE CROUP/Dl VISION ALTC/PSC REQUESTED BY: R. G. VIELHABER retention BRDSoi-ooi suaiECr -- RESIDUAL VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER )LOGY SERVICES REPORT DATE 1/8/87 LOGBOOK REFERENCE 002-204-95 PROJECT NO. 2378 CROUP FILE ACQ. NO. 86-136 IN TEMPRITE CPVC COMPOUNDS cSummary 1A A! /}//. Proposed FDA regulations limit the amount of residual vinyl chloride monomer (RVCM) in PVC and CPVC pipe used in certain food applications. Four CPVC'powder compounds were submitted to the gas chromatography (GC) laboratory for determination of RVCM. Each sample was analyzed twice and RVCM levels ranged from 6 to 10 ppb as shown in the attached table. The requester did not want a response factor determined for these compounds; therefore, that for PVC bottle compound was used. Results using this factor are within 25% of the true values. Experimental The samples were analyzed using a modified version of ASTM Standard Method D-4443-84. Sample solutions were prepared by dissolving 2 g of the compound in 10 ml of dimethyl acetamide (DMAC). These solutions were analyzed with a Perkin-Elmer Sigma 2000 GC equipped with the HS100 headspace sampler, a photoionization detector, and a 9 foot by 1/8 inch column packed with 0.19% picric acid on Carbopack C. Calibration was by standard addition to solutions of PVC bottle compound in DMAC. Samples of the DMAC were also analyzed and found to have no detectable (<rl.ppb) VCM. All samples and standards were equilibrated for 60 minutes at 90 C before analysis. cc: G. E. Thompson 8. F. Cinadr G. T. Dalai J. E. Hartitz CTF 3752A M. D. Mele /wj BFG39100 *\3 e/r N oCoO/t This document contains confidential information and is lor internal BFG use on a "needto-know" basis. Storejn secure area when not in use destroy when no longer needed. RESIDUAL VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER IN CPVC Order 86-136 SAMPLE NAME VCM ppb * 627X563 627X563 647X532 647X532 674X571 674X571 608X512 688X512 11 9 7 8 7 5 8 7 * using response factor for F'VC bottle compound BFG39101 Vs ( V&r^-/ B.F. Goodrich Chemical Company A O' I V I S I 0 N Of IH( I f (OOOIICH COMItHr < ' " 1 1 SOUltflRO CifVdiMO. OHIO 44131 . 2 H 0 II 2 1 6 S 2 4 Q ? Q (j Appendix - A* OSHA - S. D. S. jNTY;,-. ;.M INFORMATION - VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER ;i Occuptional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA}_ annour*'ec* on April 5, 1974, an Emergency Temporary Health" Stanch-'* ^ fr exposure to Vinyl Chloride. (Federal Register, Vo!. No. 67, April 5, 1974. pp. 12342-44) This emergency stands* d established an exposure ceiling of 50 parts per million (ppm; ,a a^r ^or Chloride (VC). OSHA, in paragraph 1910. 93q of -lie subject1 standard, has set down temporary in-plant m0ni*''`'ing requirements for ambient air for employee protection. *To he - attached ,to GEON^Res in and. Compound Materialv . - - Safety ;->ata Sheets. ' Date .4-9-74 25205003 BFG39102 000001 r form Approved 6udoet Bureau No. 44-A1387 Approval Expires April 30. 1971 ( ( U.S. DEPARTDEHT OF LABOR 1912- A<SIL>fV form No. LS8-OOJ May 19 WAGE AND LABOR STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION Bureau of Labor Standards Geon Compound SECTION 1 MANUFACTURER'S NAME The B.F.Goodrich Co., B.F.Goodrich Chemical Co., Div. AOORESS (Number, Street, City, Statef and ZIP Cede) 6100 Oak Tree Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44131 - EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NO. 216-524-0200 CHEMICAL NAME AND SYNONYMS Polyvinyl Chloride TRAOE NAME ANO SYNONYMS Geon Plastic chemical family Compounded Organic Polymer FORMULA Compounded PVC SECTION..II...HAZARDOUS .INGREDIENTS PAINTS, PRESERVATIVES, & SOLVENTS TLV % (Units) ALLOYS AHO METALLIC COATINGS PIGMENTS Uader study BASE METAL Not Applicable CATALYST ,,No,,t A. pp, li.ca,b,le ALLOYS ,,,, VEHICLE ii it METALLIC COATINGS it II SOLVENTS ADDITIVES M II Under study FILLER METAL it PLUS COATING OR CORE FLUX OTHERS It II II OTHERS . HAZARDOUS MIXTURES OF OTHER LIQUIDS,' SOLIDS, OR CASES .. Under Study % % TLV | (Unit*) i | TLy % (Units) * SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA SOILING POINT CF.J Not Applicable specific GRAV.rr iHj0= u See Daca sheet VAPOR PRESSURE ITM" Ho.l if VAPOR OENSITY (AIR=1| f| SOLUBILITY IN WATER it i i Neg. 8yvolumVe^,LE EVAPORATION RATE 1 =11 appearance AND OOOR epical granules or powder, slighC odor. Not Applicable ,,,, ---------- ---------------- Cj7 SECYION IV rIRE AND EXPLGSIO; iLVZAHD DATA Flash point uiodl flammable limits Lei Not Aoolicable Not ADplicable ___ Q_____ EXTINGUISHING MEOIA Water SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES Self contained breathing apparatus for fires in closed areas such as warehouses. UNUSUAL FIRE ANO EXPLOSION H-JJAPOS When forced to burn. ?VC compounds will mainly contribute carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride as gases and smoke. Phosgene and chlorine are not nnnnns combustion products. BFG39103 (' ( J u- THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE SECTION V HEALTH HAZARD DATA Not Applicable None Known emergency ano First aio procedures Normal Cleanliness SECTION VI * REACTIVITY DATA STABILITY * UNSTABLE STABLE CONDITIONS TO AVOIO X ,,No_t A. pplicable INCOMPATA3ILITY (Materials to avoid) HAZAROOUS OECOMPOSITIO N PRODUCTS None Known See Section r/ HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION MAY OCCUR WILL NOT OCCUR CONDITIONS TO AVOIO X - -1 ____A SECTION VII SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES STEPS TO PE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED Apply'normal clean-up procedures, sweep up and put in containers. areslippery when on hard surfaces such as concrete. NOTE: Granules WASTE OISPOSAL METHOO Sanitary landfill or incineration. If incineration is used. recognition should be made that carbon monoxide and dioxide and hydrogen chloride are generated. SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (Specify type) ^ Applicable : VENTILATION LOCAL EXHAUST Hot end of processing machine. MECHANICAL (General) SPECIAL OTHER PROTECTIVE GLOVES Not Applicable OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Sea Section IV EYE PROTECTION Safety Glasses C/T ^ VI ^ sscric:-: lx S1--CIAL F..i;c.-.Lrio::s PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AfiO STORING Normal cleanliness. Isolation in storage from large amouncs of easily combustibles, heat and ignition sources is desirable. V- tIl OTHER PRECAUTIONS _____ BFG39104 000003 /T 7* V B. F, GOODRICH CHEMICAL COMPANY MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET _________________ COMPOUNDS secimj Manufacturer's Name B.F.Goodrich Chemical Company* ' Address 6100 Oak Tree Blvd. Cleveland, Ohio 44131 -- Emergency Telephone Humber 216-524-0200 Trade Name Geo^ Chemical Name Compounded Polyvinyl Chloride SECTION II - PHYSICAL DATA Specific Gravity See.Data Sheet Appearance and Odor Cubical granules or powder. Slight odor. Solubility in Wazer Slight Stability ' Stable Unstable X SECTION III - REACTIVITY DATA Hazardous Polymerization May Occur Will not occur X Hazardous Decomposition Products See Section VII -to ol to con o C5 BFG39105 nnrroOo I( SECTION IV - HAZARDOUS INGRFDIFNTS A. Vehicle and Catalyst B. Solvents C. Heavy Metals PVC compounds may contain heavy metal stabilizers generally in amounts less than 5Z. As with any polymeric material containing heavy metals, adequate ventilation should be provided during milling, extruding, or molding to prevent^ possible exposure to metallic vapors. Geon Compound contains a D. Vapors . stabilizer. i * ! Vapors may contain detectable amounts of vinyl chloride monomer, see Section V. SECTION .V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA Threshold Limit Value See Department of Labor, Occuptional Safety and Health Administration Federal Register, "Exposure to Vinyl Chloride," Volume 39, No. 194 (10-4-74) and addendum attached. Vinyl Chloride Monomer As PVC is manufactured in the industry today, detectable quantities of vinyl chloride monomer remain in resins and compounds. While this may not result in detectable quantities in PVC processing plahts, there are conditions under which residual monomer may accumulate to measurable amounts. Since the monomer is volatile, it is released from the resin gradually in storage and mo more rapidly under heat and further processing. Open, handle, and use under well-ventilated conditions. Refer to O.S.H.A. regulation above. Zespi -a'toru Protection-Dust If during housekeeping procedures and packaging operations PVC dust inhalation is a factor, it is recommended that a Bureau of Mines or NIOSH Testing and Certification Laboratory approved respirator be worn. The respirator should be equipped with a mechanical filter designed to remove particulate matter. Other operations involving possible exposure to airborne PVC particles should be evaluated as the individual situation exists; and respiratory protection provided as needed. Ventilatibn Exhaust ventilation facilities should be installed at all mixing operations and at the hot end and feed area of processing equipment. Environmental monitoring programs are encouraged to determine the need for or location of exhaust ventilation. 07 O oo sj BFG39106 -unUno1 o1 /( SECTION VI - SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Respiratory Protection See Section V Eye Protection Safety glasses recommended Ventilation See Section V Protective Gloves Normally none Protective Clothing Handling of PVC resins and compounds does not require special protective clothing, however, the use of certain compounding ingredients may dictate the need for special consideration. SECTIOfi-YIL-EIEE M.EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Extinguishing Media Water Special Fire Fighting Procedures When forced to bum, polyvinyl chloride will mainly contribute carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride as gases and smoke. Self-contained breathing apparatus should be used for fires in closed areas such as warehouses. NOTE: Phosgene and chlorine are not products of combustion. Vinyl chloride monomer is not known to be a combustion product of PVC in a fire situatibn. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards Vinyl chloride monomer, like most other organic,materials, has a specific explosive limit, viz 3% to 23% by volume in air. In closed, heated vessels, such as intensive mixers, precautionary measures should be taken to make sure explosion hazards are effectively eliminated. SECTION VIII - SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled Apply normal clean--up procedures. Waste PVC material should be stored in containers for re-use of disposal. If conditions occur where large amounts of airborne powder are present, employees should be supplied with respiratory protective devices. (See Section V) Waste Disposal Method Sanitary landfill or incineration in accordance with federal, state, or local C,;T regulations. If incineration is used, recognition should be made that carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride are generated. ^ t-ri ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oo GO BFG39107 000008 ADDENDUM As polyvinyl chloride resins and compounds are manufactured in the industry today, detectable quantities of vinyl chloride monomer remain in the products. While this may not result in detectable quantities in the general atmosphere of your plant, there are conditions under which residual monomer may^ accumulate to measurable amounts. -k Since vinyl chloride monomer is volatile, it is released from PVC resins and compounds gradually in storage and more rapidly under heat of drying and further processing. In all cases, Geon resins and compounds should be stored, handled, and used under well-ventilated conditions. Refer to OSHA Standard for details. Analysis has shown that areas where vinyl chloride monomer might concentrate a re: (1) In enclosed containers such as bulk railcars, bulk trucks, storage tanks, and drums. The air space above the resin or compound should be purged and monitored for vinyl chloride monomer or adequate protection provided prior to exposure of personnel. (2) In storage areas for bagged PVC and places where incoming resins and compounds are unloaded and stored, where packages are first opened, and where material is, first melted. Environmental monitoring and adequate ventilation should be implemented. (3) In processing areas such as compound preparation, spraying, drying, curing or coating operations, where heat is being applied. Suitable ventilation should be provided. The concentration of vinyl chloride monomer at the mandated exposure limits cannot be detected by odor; suitable test equipment and methods must be used as indicated. Intense technical efforts by us and others in the industry are resulting in a rapidly changing situation. As additional information becomes available, we shall keep you informed. 25305009 BFG39108 000009 . .... l.,, . ---------- V - T' VI t `j-V.'*'<.-**.***; .'< ) Cf, r 'H,' ` '*" ` ' v-Vy L . C- Material Safety Data information for Geon vinyl resins and com pounds are based on the U. S. Department of Labor Form OSHA-20 modi fied to facilitate description of our materials. . This Material Safety Data Sheet is applicable for all Geon vinyl resins and compounds. SECTION I Manufacturer's Name BFGbodrich Company, Chemical Division Emergency Telephone Number (AC) 216/524- 0200 Address 6100 Oak Tree Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44131 Trade Name Geon Chemical Name Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC Chemical Family Vinyl Chloride Polymer Formula (CH2,, CHC1) n Exceptions: Copolymer of vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate: Geon 135, 130x24 Carboxy-modified vinyl chloride polymer: Geon 130X17 -Copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride: Geon 100x122 SECTION II - PHYSICAL DATA Specific Gravity (^0 - 1.0) Resin:.; Compound: 1.40 See Product Data Sheet Solubility in Water Slight Particle Size Resin: Compound: See Table I Not applica ''v ~wt L. BFG39109 The BFGoodrfch Company, Chemical Olvlslon/6100 Oak Tree Blvd., Cleveland. Ohio 44131 ............ .... ... n77 IMFGcodrich Chemical Division r.D on in Appearance and Odor \ Resin: White powder, practically odorless ( Exception: The following Geon vinyl resins have a bland odor: 120x241 120x251 , 120x276 120x283 121 124 124F-1 126 Compound: Cubical Granules or powder Slight odor '* Stability Stable SECTION III - REACTIVITY DATA Decomposition Products See Section VII Hazardous Polymerization Will not Occur SECTION IV - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Vehicle and Catalyst Not Applicable Solvents No organic solvents are used in the manufacture of Geon vinyl resins. Organic solvents may be used in the manufacture of stabi lizers and other ingredients, and therefore, be detectable in small amounts in PVC compound. (See Section V, Ventilation) Vapors PVC resins and compounds may contain detectable quantities of residual vinyl chloride monomer, a cancer-suspect agent. See Section V. Ubiquitous Chemicals No polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) are used in the manufacture of Geon resins or compounds. (See Note) Heavy Metals A) Resin: No lead, mercury, other heavy metals or heavy metal compounds are used in the manufacture of Geon vinyl resins. (See Note) B) Compound: Geon vinyl compounds V contain heavy metal stabilizers generally in amounts less than 5%. These may include organometallics such as tin, lead, cadmium, barium and zinc. (See Section V, Ventilation) Plasticizer Geon vinyl flexible'.compounds will contain polymeric, monomeric or mixed ester plasticizer in amounts between 20% - 50%. As these materials are volatile when heated, vapors can be released during processing. (See Secti< V, Ventilation) CvT NOTE: These materials are ubiquitous and trace quantities may be found in the environment. o Co-rl -M- BFG391W G00011 SECTION V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA ( Threshold Limit Value The Federal Register, Volume 39; Number 194; October 4, 1974; Section 1910.93q; Vinyl Chloride Part j (iv) states that OSHA regulations require all facilities where polyvinyl chloride (including alloys of PVC with other polymers), is processed or fabricated, be monitored to determine concentrations of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). OSHA rules require that employees in such plants should not be exposed to VCM levels greater than 1.0 part per million (ppm) averaged over eight hours. The "action level" is 0.5 ppm. If required monitoring shows VCM to be below the action level, further tests are not necessary. REFER TO OSHA REGULATIONS FOR COMPLETE DETAILS. As a precautionary measure, BFGoodrich recommends that periodic monitoring continue. Extensive product and process improvements have resulted in Geon PVC resins with extremely low levels of residual VCM. Monitoring studies in PVC processing and fabricating plants using low VCM resin have shown all exposures to be below the action level. We believe that PVC processing and fabricating plants having good work practice and ventilation will be below the OSHA action level. Residual VCM in major types of Geon vinyl resin are presented in Table I. Vinyl Chloride Monomer As PVC is manufactured today, small but detectable quantities of VCM remain in resins and compounds. While this may not result in detectable quantities in PVC processing and fabricating plants, there are conditions under which residual VCM may accumulate to measurable amounts. Since VCM is volatile, it is released from the resin gradually in storage and more rapidly.under heat and further pro cessing. Open, handle, and use PVC resin and compound under well-ventilated condi tions to avoid significant employee exposure. Areas where VCM might concentrate are: 1. Enclosed containers such as bulk railcars, bulk trucks, storage tanks, and drums. Vent the air space above the resin or compound and monitor for VCM or provide suit able protection prior to exposure of personnel. 2. Storage areas for bagged PVC and places where incoming resins and compounds are unloaded, where packages are first opened, and where material is first melted. Pro vide suitable ventilation. 3. Processing areas such as compound preparation, extruding^ curing or coating operations, and other areas where heat is being applied. Provide suitable ventilation. VCM at low levels cannot be detected by odor. methods must be used. Suitable test equipment and \ 2T0S02SZ BFG391U n. n nr) i o u u w vJ _L tC f Respiratory Protection - Dust Operations involving possible exposure to airborne PVC particles should be evaluated as the individual situation exists. If airborne concentrations of part icles are found to exceed a total mass of 15 mg/m3 or if 5 mg/m3 of the total is respirable particles appropriate engineering controls or NIOSH approved respiratoryprotection is recommended. See OSHA 191.1000. Ventilation Exhaust ventilation designed to pull vapors away from workers should be installed at all mixing operations, the hot end and feed area of processing equipment and at cut-off equipment: We recommend environmental monitoring to determine the need for exhaust ventilation in other areas; and exhaust ventila tion provided,as-needed. Other areas to consider include thermoforming, heat sealing, soldering'^ or other operations involving heat. SECTION VI - SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Respiratory Protection See Section V Eye Protection Safety glasses recommended Ventilation See Section V ** Protective Gloves or Clothing None Certain ingredients you select for use in compounding may dictate the need for special consideration. We recommend you contact your additive supplier for necessary Information regarding specific compounding ingredients. SECTION VII - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Extinguishing Media Water Special Fire Fighting Procedure Self-Contained breathing apparatus should be used for fires in which PVC becomes involved. Decomposition Products A) When forced to burn, PVC combustion products wilLjnainly be carbon mono xide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride and smoke. Other gases, including aromatics and aliphatics, are present in small amounts. NOTE It Geon 135 and 130x24 will also contribute minor amounts of acetic acid as gas and smoke. NOTE 2: Hydrogen chloride is an irritant of the respira tory tract, eyes and skin at levels below those considered to be toxic. NOTE 3: Phosgene and chlorine are not products of PVC combustion. VCM is not known to be a combustion product of PVC. BFG39112 *0 Cv7 CO/l o CO G0001S r B) Under abnormal processing conditions, decomposition of PVC compound may occur in an extruder, injection molding machine, or other processing equipment, resulting in a characteristic whitish smoke which will con tain hydrogen chloride and vapors from metallic stabilizers and.other ingredients. Decomposing compound should be removed to a well-ventilated area and thoroughly soaked with water. Employees involved in removing decomposing materials should be provided with suitable self-contained breathing apparatus. Medical Considerations Treatment to exposure of PVC combustion or pyrolysis products should be symptomatic. Medical authorities should recognize that carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride are generated. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards A) VCM, like most other organic materials, has a specific explosive limit, viz 3Z to 23% by volume in air. In closed, heated vessels, such as intensive mixers, take precautionary measures to be sure explosion hazards are effectively eliminated. "IT- B) PVC resins are not known to represent any potential dust explosion hazard. NFPA Fire Protection Handbo"ok (14th Edition) states that ignition of fine particle size PVC resin is not obtained by the spark of a flame source; ignition occurs only by an intense heat source. ignition Characteristics PVC resin has a flash-ignition temperature of about 391 C (735 F) and a self-ignition temperature of about 454C (850F). PVC polymer is character ized as an inherently flame retarded material because jof chlorine in the mole cule which makes it difficult to ignite and reduces flamespread. The presence of PVC resin or compound has not been associated, by itself, with creating a fire risk in handling, storage, or use. However, like all organic materials, PVC must be considered combustible and can be forced to burn by continuous application of intense heat. Like all combustible materials, protect from open flame and maintain proper clearance when using portable heat devices, etc. *0 C/T NOTE: The descriptive term "flame-retarded" described a material response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for the description or appraisal of the fire hazard of this material or of products or systems fabricated from this material under actual fire conditions. o ta p BFG39113 G 00014 I SECTION VIII - SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled Apply normal clean-up procedures. Waste PVC material should be stored in containers for re-use or disposal. If conditions occur where excessive dust is possible, employees should be supplied with respiratory protective devices. (See Section V) Waste Disposal Method Sanitary landfill or incineration in accordance with federal, state,'.or local regulations. If incineration is used, recognition should be made that hydrogen chloride is generated. 1* SECTION IX - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Material safety data information is provided as an important guide-to the safe use of PVC resin and compound. A Material Safety Data Sheet cannot~Le expected to cover all possible individual situations. Since the user of PVC resin and compound has the responsibility for pro viding a' safe and healthful operation, he has the obligation to thoroughly examine all aspects of his operation to determine if or where additional pre cautions are required. BpG39U4 ^5 C/f oW C-'l o M' r. n n n i c: v u U1 o 9T0GC9 co oH o10 CV* M w m < E-> l o Cu O U s < 55 k-4 tfl W 2 o > a. b. 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O' > 0V J z rs to N a H M #-4 4 OH nA IA X X Xoo O tf c 044 . * B> C *H Vi n4 * to s-4 X C c3 O ~t o c H V) to o to o s-4 . to*H U DC O A s-4 Xx a to > cn to 5 -H * \ *H IC o to JO - 4 S * * ffi 4- O ,!S Ber 4J Pp r* \\ *3 ra TABLE II \ Particle Size: 1007. through the following aesh screen. 40 Mesh Screen 80x5 80x6 80x24 80x25 80x26 100x122 102EP 103EP 103EPF76 110x334 140x30 140x31 140x32 300x6 300x60 200 Mesh Screen 120x241 120x251 120x271 120x276 120x279 120x283 ^ 121 124 i 124F1 126 128 128F1 130x17 130x24 135 30 Mesh Screen 92 99 957, Through 100 Mesh Screen a 10 IF4 106F2 t 25205017 BFG39116 000017