Document 9JE407Xb4pqqJ7JX8wknoLkYL

TOXICITY, HAZARDS AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICALS HANDLED IN THE TEXAS CITY PLANT MONSANTO COMPANY TEXAS CITY, TEXAS . MANUAL NO.: ASSIGNED TO: LOCATION: PREPARED BY. APPROVED BYt DATE: John E. Fox Plant Manager' Safety Board July, 1969 6113 22868 INDEX INTRODUCTION A. PURPOSE OF REPORT B. DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE C. DISTRIBUTION TABLE D. MATERIALS INCLUDED INTHIS REPORT PAGE NO. ii ii iii iv x 6113 22869 INTRODUCTION A. PURPOSE OF REPORT This report covers the contact hazards and handling pre cautions associated with the chemicals regularly handled at this plant, whether they be raw materials, finished products, intermediates or large volume by-products. It should be used by supervisory personnel as a reference work on toxicity, and as a safety training aid. All toxicity reports must, by the very nature of the work, refer to fatal poisoning and the symptoms leading up to such cases. It is therefore possible that con siderable misunderstanding could arise from the general circulation of this report. The possibility of acute or chronic exposure in this plant is extremely remote; however, the fact that such a possibility does exist is reason enough to publish this information. B. DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE Copies of this report are issued to supervisory posi tions and/or specific central locations throughout the plant instead of to individuals by name. When an indi vidual transfers out of a position that has an assigned manual, the manual stays at that location for the next individual assigned to the position. C. DISTRIBUTION TABLE See following page. ii 6113 22870 C. DISTRIBUTION TABLE COPY NO. ASSIGNED TO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43-60 Beeler-Manske Clinic Beeler-Manske Clinic Distribution Operations Supervisor Emergency Control Center Fire Chief First Aid Industrial Hygiene Supervisor Loss Prevention & Safety Library Maintenance Shift Supervisor's Office Maintenance Superintendent Shops and Scheduling Maintenance Superintendent Utilities and Stores Maintenance Superintendent Zone 1 Maintenance Superintendent Zone 2 Maintenance Superintendent Zone 3 Maintenance Superintendent Zone 4 ' Materials Handling Supervisor's Office Monomers Laboratory - Instrument Supervisor's Office Monomers Laboratory - Shift Supervisor's Office Night Supervisor's Office Polyethylene Laboratory - Shift Supervisor's Office Process Technology Library Research I - Secretary's Desk, 3rd Floor Research II - Secretary's Desk, Room 2112 Standards Section - Reference Copy Stores Supervisor Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 2 & 3 Manufacturing Supervisor - Depts., 4 & 81 - 5 & 7 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 6 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 10 Manufacturing Supervisor - Depts., 17. :18 & 24 Manufacturing Supervisor - Depts., 19 & 25 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 20 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 31 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 33 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 34 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 35-F Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 35-P Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 41 Manufacturing Supervisor - Dept. 42 Manu fa cturing Supervisor - Pilot Plant Manufacturing Supervisor - Power 1 Manufacturing Supervisor ' - Power 2 Extra Copies Awaiting Assignment NOTE; Please refer to page ii, B. Distribution Procedure iii 6113 22871 MATERIALS INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid Acetylene Acrylonitrile Aluminum Chloride para-Amino Phenol Ammonia Freon Hexane Hydrogen Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Cyanide Hydroquinone(1,4-Benzenediol) Benzene Butene-1 tert-Butylamine (TBA) p-tert-Butylcatechol(TBC) n-tert-Butylformamide(TBFA) Isobutylene Lactic Acid (alpha-Hydroxypropionic Acid) Lime(quick lime, caustic lime, calcium oxide) Calcium Sulfate - Calcium Formate Slurry Carbon Monoxide Catalyst Tar - Dept. 20 Caustic (Sodium Hydroxide) Chlorine Copper Salts (cuprous and cupric chloride) 1-Cyano-l,3-Butadiene(CNB) Maleic Anhydride Mercury & Mercury Salts Methane Methanol Methylene Chloride (dichloro- methane) Methyl Ether of Hydroquinone(MQ) N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP) Dehydrogenation Catalyst (Dept. 6) Diallyl Ether (Allyl Ether) Diisobutylaluminum Hydride (DIBAH) Dimethyl Ether Dimethyl Formamide(DMF) Ethane Ethylbenzene (EB) Ethyl Chloride Ethylene Ethylene Dichloride (EDC, 1,2-Dichloroethane) Ethylene Oxide Oakite Pentachlorophenol and Sodium Pentachlorophenate Phenol (Carbolic Acid) Phosphoric Acid and Phosphorus Pentaxode Potassium Permanganate Propane Propylene Pyridine (and Pyridine Hydrochloride) iv 6113 22872 Materials Included in This Report (cont'd) Sodium Dichromate Sodium Sulfite Styrene (SM) Sulfur Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Acid Tannic Acid (Gallotannin, Gallotannic Acid or pentan-digalloyl Glucose) Titanium Tetrachloride Toluene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Acetylene (Both mono and divinyl Acetylene) Xylene Zinc Acetate v 6113 22873 ACETALDEHYDE A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume In Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH3CHO Colorless liquid 44 -38C (Closed cup) 185C 4 to 57% 20.8C 0.783 (18/4C) 1.52 (air - 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 200 ppm Acetaldehyde, particularly in its vapor phase, is a local irritant in its action upon body tissue. It can be readily detected well below 50 ppm. The vapor is irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory tract. Signs and symptoms of excessive exposure are coughing, a burning sensation in the nose, throat and eyes. If exposure is prolonged, there may be a nar cotic effect producing drowsiness. In atmospheres containing less than 2% concentration of acetaldehyde vapors and no less than 16% oxygen, organic vapor canister type masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact While acetaldehyde may not cause a severe burning sensation upon contact with the skin, in case it is not removed by washing, the skin may become reddened and later become white and wrinkled. Such burns may be followed by peaking of the skin. Dermatitis and other evidence of allergy can result from repeated or prolonged contact with concentrations of the vapor. 3. Eye Contact The material is hazardous to the eye and is capable of producing serious eye burns. Upon contact of the liquid cr vapor with the eye, there is a burning 6113 22874 ACETALDEHYDE - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact (cont'd) sensation with watering of the eyes, which may be followed by blurring of vision. Fifteen minute ex posure to 50 ppm of the vapor will usually produce some eye irritation. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Acetaldehyde is not considered a poison by defini tion, but if swallowed, an emetic is indicated. C. Medical Information Remove the worker from the contaminated area and give artificial respiration if needed. Remove any contami nated clothing. If available, pure oxygen should be given. Keep the patient warm and summon a physician as soon as possible. If the eyes are involved, they should be flushed immedi ately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If swallowed, an emetic of luke-warm salt or soapy water may be used to induce vomiting. 6113 22875 ACETIC ACID A. Properties (Glacial Grade, 99.5%) Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoigmtior. Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH3COOH Colorless liquid 60.05 40C (closed cup) 565C 4% (lower limit) 118.1C 1.049 (20V4C) 2.07 (air * 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and -Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 10 ppm Inhalation of concentrated vapor or mist may cause serious damage to the membranes of the upper respi ratory tract and even to the lung tissue proper. 200 to 500 ppm is extremely irritating, but may be borne for brief periods by some individuals. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16% oxygen and less than 2% acetic acid. 2. Skin Contact Concentrated acetic acid solutions can be destructive to tissues with which they come in contact. Although producing severe burns, experience has demonstrated that it is not as hazardous in this respect as sulfuric or nitric acid. Chemical gloves and rubber boots should be worn while handling acetic acid. The use of a rubber acid suit is sometimes recommended. Water in ample quantity should be available immediately. 3. Eve Contact Contact with the eyes by concentrated solutions can cause severe damage and may result in total loss of sight. 6113 22876 ACETIC ACID - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact (cont'd) Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Swallowing may cause severe injury or death. Ingestion causes burns of the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. C. Medical Information Of primary importance in the case of acetic acid contact is the immediate and prolonged application of copious quantities of running water. All contaminated clothing must be removed immediately. This can best be accomplished while the man is under the safety shower. If even minute quantities enter the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed strong solutions of acid. If patient is con scious, have him wash out his mouth and then drink milk mixed with the whites of eggs. If not available, drink as much water as possible. A physician should be called immediately. 6113 22877 ACETYLENE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoign.ition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density 2.3 to 32% -?5C (at 10 psig) 0.90? (air = 1.0) Acetylene is poisonous. The only health hazard would be frcm breathing so high a concentration in air that the supply of oxygen i3 reduced below that required by the body. A 20% concentration m air may cause symptoms such as breathlessness, headache and weakness. Concert rations we.!' below this point would be extremely dangerous because of the fire and explosion hazard. .2 Skin Cent act: No known problem. 3. Eye Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. .cal In format ion lowing exposure high enough to cause symptoms, the ker should be removed to uncontaminated air. Recove, usually rapid. If breathing has stopped, artificial piraticn should be started .immediately. Summon a sician. 6113 22878 ACRYLONITRILE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH2CHCN Colorless liquid 53 -1C(closed cup) 481C 3 to 1796 77.3C 0.811 1.83 (air * 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 20 ppm Mild exposure to acrylonitrile causes nausea, vomiting, weakness, occasionally headache and diarrhea. These exposures resemble mild HCN intoxication. If the exposure is terminated promptly at this point, the symptoms subside spontaneously, usually within an hour, leaving no residual disability. Exposure to high concentrations result in loss of consciousness, asphyxia, and death. It closely re sembles serious HCN poisoning. Acrylonitrile can be detected by trained observers at or below the threshold limit, but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and is unreliable as an index of exposure. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask may be used if the con taminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 1696 oxygen and less than 296 acrylonitrile. 2. Skin Contact Acrylonitrile may be absorbed through the unbroken skin although on the uncovered skin it usually evapo rates before toxic quantities can be absorbed. Re peated spills on exposed skin may cause dermatitus. Serious chemical burns and blistering have occurred following contamination of clothing, particularly shoes, that were not removed promptly. Contaminated clothing, particularly shoes, should never be reworn 6113 22879 ACRYLONITRILE - PAGE 2 2. Skin Contact (cont'd) until thoroughly cleaned and dried. Generally, shoes contaminated on the inside are best disposed of and not re-used. Chemical gloves should be worn when handling acrylo nitrile. 3. Eve Contact Acrylonitrile is absorbed through the mucous membranes and in large quantities will produce the same symptoms as following inhalation of the vapors. The vapors only mildly irritate the eyes, but a splash of liquid into the eye will result in severe irritation. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Acrylonitrile is moderately toxic, although considerably less so than the inorganic cyanides. The storage or eating of food should be forbidden in the vicinity of acrylonitrile. C. Medical Information If the patient is conscious, no specific treatment for skin contact is usually required. In most cases, prompt removal to an uncontaminated atmosphere, removal of contaminated clothing and the skin thoroughly washed with soap and water are all that is required. If acrylonitrile has entered the eyes, they should be flushed immediately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If the patient is unconscious or the breathing is impaired, treatment with amyl nitrite should be administered without delay. Give artificial respiration if needed. If avail able, oxygen should be given and a physician summoned as soon as possible. A cyanide kit containing amyl nitrite, sodium nitrate, and sodium thiosulfate should be readily 6113 22880 WM--Hmmwi!in mmtwmwm ACRYLONITRILE - PAGE 3 Medical Information (cont'd) available for use by trained medical personnel. Caution: amyl nitrite is flammable. If a person has swallowed acrylonitrile and is conscious, he should be made to vomit by giving him a glassful of 1xike-warm salt or soapy water. Warning: Methylene Blue should not be used if the patient has been treated with amyl nitrite. 6113 22881 ALUMINUM CHLORIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Melting Point Boiling Point Specific Gravity A1C13 Gray to white powder 133.3 None None None 192.4C 182.7 0 C(sublimes) 2.44(25C) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - (HCl-5 ppm) In the presence of moisture hydrogen chloride vapor may be produced, and its inhalation can cause con siderable irritation. Inhalation of aluminum chloride dust may produce irritation or burns of the mucous membranes. A dust mask is usually not suitable because of the formation of hydrogen chloride fumes in the presence of moisture. A universal gas mask, but preferably fitted with an acid canister, may be used if the con taminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16% oxygen and less than 2% hydrogen chloride. 2. Skin Contact Thermal and acid burns are caused by the contact of the material with the skin in the presence of moisture. On contact with moisture, a violent reaction occurs and heat is produced resulting in a severe thermal burn. An acid burn may also result because of the formation of hydrogen chloride. Chemical gloves and possibly other protective clothing may be needed if dusting is a problem. 3. Eve Contact The eyes are especially susceptible to thermal and acid burns due to the presence of moisture. tact above.) (See skin con 6113 22882 ALUMINUM CHLORIDE - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact (cont'd) Chemical safety goggles should he worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Ingestion is unlikely, but if it occurred, the immedi ate local reaction would cause severe burns. C. Medical Information The extent of injury from inhalation is not likely to be greater than inflamation of the upper respiratory tract. Oxygen usually furnishes relief if coughing or choking persists after removal from the contaminated area. Body areas that have been in contact with aluminum chloride should be flushed with copious quantities of running water without undue delay. If the material has entered the eyes, they should be flushed immediately and thoroughly with water for a mini mum of 15 minutes. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed aluminum chloride. If patient is conscious, have him wash out his mouth and then drink as much water as possible. 6113 22883 para-AMINO PHENOL A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Melting Point Boiling Point NH2C6H4OH Whits crystalline solid 109.01 184C Sublimes-slight decomposition B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established Inhalation of high concentrations of this compound will cause headache, fatigue, dizziness, cyanosis (blueness of the lips and fingernail beds) and Anemia. In some cases sleepiness and pain in the joints (especially the knee) may also occur. In rare instances it has caused bronchial asthma. Long term, sub-acute exposure may lead to bleed changes. Care should be taken in fighting fires in which this compound is m/olved because of the possibility of highly toxic f-unes being evolved. A respirator should be worn m areas where para-amino phenol dusts are present. 2. Skin Contact. It is not readily absorbed through the skin but it may cause dermatitis and prove to be a sensitizing agent if exposure to the skin is prolonged or repeated. Chemical gloves should be worn when handling this material and clothing sho-id be checked before and after exposure, to rre/er.t contamination. 3=, Eve Contact Eye exposure is limited if eye protection is worn. 6113 22884 para-AMINO PHENOL - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion If ingested, para-amino phenol will cause serious symptoms by hindering the transport of oxygen by the blood. C. Medical Information The possibility of acute intoxication from inhalation is remote. However, if a worker is overcome or develops acute symptoms (cyanosis), he should be removed to the first aid station as soon as possible. A physician should be called in attendance at once. If the patient is either unconscious or cyanotic (blueness of lips, etc.) oxygen should be administered. The compound should be washed off the skin immediately after contact. The use of soap and water would help in case of fine dusts. If the worker's clothes show evidence of contamination, they should be removed and laundered before re-use. If any irritation develops, see a physician at once. If the eyes are involved, they should be flushed immedi ately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Notes If a worker has a past history of bronchial asthma or other respiratory allergy, he should not be allowed to work with para-amino phenol if dusting is a problem. 6113 22885 AMMONIA A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density NH3 Colorless gas 17.03 651C 16 to 25% -33.4C 0.597 (air - 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 50 ppm Ammonia is a strong irritant. Inhalation of high concentrations produces violent coughing due to its local action on the respiratory tract. If rapid escape is not possible, severe lung irritation, pulmonary edema and death can result. Lower concen trations cause laryngitis and bronchitis. It is detectable at 5 ppm, easily noticeable at 20 ppm and has a moderately strong odor and is moderately irri tant to the nose at 100 ppm. May be fatal after short exposure to 2000 to 3000 ppm. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask may be used if the con taminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16% oxygen and less than 2% ammonia. 2. Skin Contact Liquid ammonia will produce severe burns on contact with the skin. Ammonia vapor in concentrations above 2% will produce blistering of the skin because it quickly dissolves on moist body surfaces. Chemical gloves should be worn while handling ammonia. During emergency situations where the vapor concen tration may be above 2 or 3%, a vapor-tight suit is recommended. 6113 22886 AMMONIA - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Chronic irritation to the eyes may result from repeated exposure to the vapors. Exposure to high gas concen trations may cause temporary blindness and severe eye damage. Direct contact of the eyes with liquid ammonia will produce serious eye burns. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. Respiratory equipment should offer full face protection to protect the eyes from the vapor. 4. Ingestion Swallowing of the liquid results in severe corrosive action on the mouth, throat and stomach. C. Medical Information Speed in removing ammonia from contact with the patient and in moving the patient to an uncontaminated atmosphere is of primary importance. In case of contact with the liquid, immediate flushing with large quantities of water is im perative. If even small quantities of ammonia have entered the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Artificial respiration must be initiated immediately if breathing has ceased. In order to prevent the development of severe lung congestion, oxy gen should be administered as soon as possible after a severe exposure. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed liquid anhydrous ammonia. If patient is con scious, have him drink as much water as possible. Call a physician immediately. 6113 22887 BENZENE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density C6H6 Clear Liquid 78.11 -11.1C 580 C 1.4 to 8.0% 80C 0.879 (20C/4C) 2.7 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 25 ppm Acute benzene poisoning results from the breathing of high concentrations of vapor (above 3000 ppm). The effects of breathing benzene-laden air occur rapidly. The victim becomes dizzy, breathless if excited, and if not removed at once, losses consciousness. In advanced cases of acute poisoning the patient becomes confused and hysterical and invariably very obstinate. Help may be needed in removing him from the contami nated area and restraint may be necessary to prevent him from becoming violent. Five to ten minutes exposure to 20,000 ppm may be fatal. Repeated exposure to ben zene concentrations above 25 ppm over a prolonged period may cause bone marrow damage and reduce the blood forming function. Many serious illnesses and fatalities have occurred in association with chronic exposures to benzene. Symptoms may occasionally occur after exposure has ceased. It is not recommended that exposure to 100 ppm or more be practiced or condoned for even brief periods without the use of respiratory protection. A universal gas mask may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16% oxygen and less than 2% benzene. 6113 22888 BENZENE - PAGE 2 2. Skin Contact Benzene is a mild skin irritant. Prolonged and re peated contact of liquid benzene with the skin can cause a defatting action with resulting drying out of the skin and dermatitis. Chemical gloves should be worn. 3. Eve Contact Liquid benzene and high concentrations of vapor are irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes. 4. Ingestion Benzene may cause burning abdominal pain, vomiting, staggering gait, drowsiness and unconsciousness. C. Medical Information In case of unusual exposure to high concentrations, remove the victim to fresh air and call a physician immediately. If he is violent, it may be necessary to restrain him by tying his arms and legs. If not breathing, artificial respiration should be started immediately. Oxygen is use ful in treating inhalation exposures. Clothing contaminated with benzene should be removed and the skin washed wiHi soap and water. If liquid benzene enters the eyes, flush thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. If a person has swallowed benzene, he should be made to vomit by giving him a glassful of lukewarm salt or soapy water. In cases of chronic exposure, immediate removal of the em ployee from further exposure is essential. 6113 22889 BUTENE-1 A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density ch3ch2chch2 Colorless Gas 56.1 -80 C 1.68 to 9.35% -6.3C 1.9 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established Butene-1 is not very toxic to man. Its major effect is that of an asphyxiant and weak narcotic. Inhalation of very large concentrations of Butene-1 will lead to headache, dizziness, nausea and possibly stupor and death. Concentrations causing very rapid effects would be dangerous from a fire or explosion standpoint. On the basis of flammability only, a maximum permissible work limit of 4000 ppm has been set. A universal gas mask may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16% oxygen and less than 2% Butene-1. 2. Skin Contact Minor irritation from the compound itself and from its rapid evaporation. 3. Eye Contact Liquid in the eyes could cause irritation and pain from its rapid evaporation. 4. Ingestion - No known problem. C. Medical Information A person showing symptoms of Butene-1 intoxication should be removed from the exposure promptly. If breathing has ceased artificial respiration should be started immediately. Usually, removal from exposure will cause symptoms to dis appear in a short while. 6113 22890 tert-BUTYLAMINE (TBA) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density (CH3)3CNH2 Colorless Liquid 73.14 -9C 1.73 to 8.9% 45.2C 0.698 2.6 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 5 ppra. TBA can cause severe pulmonary irritation. This intense irritation of the no3e and throat would act as a warning and cause voluntary withdrawal if the person exposed was not trapped. Massive exposure to TBA vapors would cause immediate pain in the nose, throat and lungs followed by mental confusion and, if not immediately removed from exposure, convulsions and eventually death. It is con sidered highly possible that repeated exposure to sub acute levels could cause chronic symptoms. These symp toms would probably be associated with pulmonary dis tress, blood changes and possibly liver and kidney damage. In atmospheres containing less than 2% concentration of TBA vapors and no less than 16% oxygen, organic vapor canister type masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact Accidental skin contact is followed by an immediate burning sensation similar to sulfuric acid burns. TBA contact can lead to burns similar to third degree ther mal burns with complete destruction of the skin in the area of contact. Plastic coated glove3 should be worn since the material will sometimes penetrate rubber gloves. 6113 22891 tert-BCTYLAMINE (TBA) - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact TBA is a very serious eye irritant and can cause per manent sight impairment in a very short time. The action of TBA in this case is not that of caustic corrosion alone, but is probably associated with rapid protein extraction from the eye tissue. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Swallowing may cause severe injury or death. Ingestion causes burns of the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. C. Medical Information Immediate removal by the use of large amounts of water is urgent. All contaminated clothing must be removed immedi ately. This can best be accomplished while the man is under the safety shower. If even minute quantities enter the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If oxygen is available, it should be administered for in halation exposure. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed TBA. If patient is conscious, have him wash out his mouth, and then drink large amounts of water immediately. 6113 22892 p-tert-BUTYLCATECHOL (TBC) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Melting Point Boiling Point Specific Gravity (CH3)3CC6H3(OH)2 Colorless or tan crystalline solid 166.21 130C 56-57C 285C 1.049 (60/25C) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation? Threshold Limit Value - Not established Under normal working conditions, and at room tempera ture, TBC vapors should not be a major problem. Fumes from hot TBC would be quite irritating. A universal gas mask may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16 per cent oxygen and less than 2 per cent TBC. 2. Skin Contact TBC is similar to phenol in toxicity; it differs in that its corrosive action and its rate of absorption through the skin is much slower. When melted TBC, the hydrate, or concentrated solutions contact the skin for several minutes or longer, a severe burn results. For systemic intoxication to occur, contact would have to occur over fairly large areas of skin and would have to persist for longer than just a few minutes. Hypersensitivity may result from rather severe single or from repeated mild exposures. Hyper sensitive individuals will develop a skin irritation from slight exposures. Use chemical gloves and avoid contact with the skin. 3. Eye Contact The dust and vapors are irritating and corrosive to the eyes. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 6113 22893 P-tert-BUTYLCATECHQL (TBCl - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion Oral administration results in corrosive injury to the .mouth, throat and stomach along with systemic poisoning. C. Medical Information In case of accidental contact with TBC, it is essential that the chemical be quickly and thoroughly removed from the skin. Washing should be started at once and any con taminated clothing removed as quickly as possible. If TBC in either solid, liquid or vapor form enters the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately and copiously with water for 15 minutes. If breathing has ceased, effective artificial respiration should be initiated at once. Oxygen should be administered as soon as possible. If a person has swallowed TBC, the injury that occurs will be due to both the corrosive and systemic action. The patient should instantly drink large quantities of water to reduce the concentration. If vomiting does not occur spontaneously, induce vomiting by giving a glassful of warm salt or soapy water. 6113 22894 MliilBiHllilHI: n-tert-BUTYLFORMAMIDE (TBFA) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Boiling Point Specific Gravity (CH3)3CNHCHO Oily viscous liquid 101.15 192.4C 0.899 (23C/4C) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established Exposures to high concentrations of TBFA will cause moderate irritation of the nasal passages. Continuous exposure will lead to difficulty in breathing, nervous tremors, and possibly convulsions, coma and death. These conclusions are based on animal toxicity data. Because of its low volatility it is not a serious vapor hazard. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen tration of TBFA vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, a universal gas mask may be used. 2. Skin Contact TBFA is moderately irritating to the skin and can cause burns similar to second degree thermal burns. Chemical gloves should be worn when handling this compound. 3. Eve Contact The material is severely irritating to the eyes but will probably not cause permanent damage to eye tissues. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 6113 22895 n-tert-BUTYLFQRMAMIDE (TBFA! - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion By animal tests, it is only slightly toxic by oral ingestion but will cause burns and irritation to the mouth and throat. C. Medical Information The extent of injury from inhalation is not likely to be greater than inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Removal from the source of exposure is normally sufficient. Body areas that have been in contact with TBFA should be flushed with copious quantities of running water without undue delay. If the material has entered the eyes, they should be flushed immediately and thoroughly with water for a minimum of 15 minutes. If a person has swallowed TBFA, he should be made to vomit by giving him a glassful of lukewarm salt or soapy water. 6113 22896 CALCIUM SULFATE - CALCIUM FORMATE SLURRY Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established This product contains 16.1 per cent of calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime). It is therefore, an irritant from the caustic properties of this material. Consult the data sheet on Lime. Other than the corrosive properties of this slurry due to its hydrated lime content, no hazards would be expected. 6113 22897 JSH ran CARSON MONOXIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density CO Colorless and odorless gas 28 609 C 12.5 to 74.2% -190C 0.97 (air - 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 50 ppm Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiant poison and acts by virtue of its ability to exclude oxygen from the blood. Symptoms of poisoning will result from exposure to 1,000 ppm for 30 minutes or 500 ppm for one hour. One hour at 1,500 ppm is dangerous to life. Exposure to concentrations of 500 to 1,000 ppm results in a gradually increasing series of symptoms. Respiration is increased, followed by headaches, nausea, mental confusion, and in some instances hallucinations. As the condition progresses, the skin and mucous mem branes sometime may appear cherry red even after res piration has ceased. Proper ventilation and monitoring of the atmosphere should be carried out in areas where high concentra tions of CO may occur. Air masks should be used for all exposures above 100 ppm. Where it is necessary to enter heavily contaminated atmospheres, air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16% oxygen and lass than 2% CO. 2. Skin or Eve Contact No known problem. C. Medical Information Remove the worker from the contaminated area and give arti ficial respiration if needed. If available, pure oxygen 6113 22898 *121! CARBON MONOXIDE - PAGE 2 Medical Information (cont'd) should be given and a physician summoned as soon as possible Physical exertion should not be allowed and the patient should be kept warm. 6113 22899 CATALYST TAR - DEPARTMENT 20 A. Properties Formula Appearance Flash Point 10-30% copper, polyacrylic resinous tar and acetylene tar Brown solid or vis cous liquid Unknown (will barely burn) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established No data exists but the material should pose no problem unless heated to decomposition temperature where toxic vapors or fumes might be given off. 2. Skin Contact The material will stain the skin and could irritate the skin from continued exposure due to the cuprous cyanides present. Chemical gloves should be worn. 3. Eye Contact No data exists but it would be expected to be an eye irritant. 4. Ingestion Animal tests rate the material as slight to moderately toxic by ingesrion. C. Medical Information If the material has entered the eyes, they should be flushed immediately with water for a minimum of 15 minutes. If a person has swallowed catalyst tar, he should be made to vomit by giving him a glassful of lukewarm salt or soapy water. Normal washing should suffice to remove the material from the skin. 6113 22900 ETHYLBENZENE (EB) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CGh5C2H5. Clear liquid 106.16 15C 432 C 1 to 6% 136C 0.86(25/4C) 3.7 (air - 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 100 ppm Exposure to high concentrations of EB will cause headaches, vomiting, disturbance of equilibrium, and morbid sensation. A concentration of 2000 ppm will cause immediate lacrimation and irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose. Exposure to 5000 ppm of EB causes intolerable irritation to the mucous membranes of the nose. Animal and human tests performed in EB concentration from 400 ppm to 2200 ppm, 7 to 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, for as long as 6 months, showed no harmful affects by any criteria of injury. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen tration EB vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor type mask may be used. 2. Skin Contact Information on EB contact with the skin does not indi cate a serious problem. If contact is made, however, the affected area should be immediately washed with soap and water. If repeated or prolonged contact with the skin is made, it will cause dermatitis due to a dehydrating and deflating action. 6113 22901 ETHYLBENZENE (EB) - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Liquid and vaporized EB is dangerous to the eyes. Eye irritation is noticeable at a vapor concentration of 200 ppm. 4. Ingestion No information is available. C. Medical Information If a person has been overcome with EB vapors, remove him from the contaminated area. If breathing has ceased, start artificial respiration at once. Summon a physician. If liquid EB has contacted the skin, the contacted areas should be washed immediately with soap and water. If EB enters the eyes, they should immediately be flushed with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Summon a physician at once. ETHYL CHLORIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density ch3ch2ci Colorless liquid 64.52 -50C (OC) 519C 3.8 to 15.4% 12 C 0.9214 (0#/4C) 2.23 (air - 1.0) or gas B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 1000 ppm Ethyl Chloride has a pungent odor in gas concentrations and is somewhat irritating, thereby giving an indication of its presence. The principal problem is the anesthetic action that causes " drunkeness" and loss of coordination. It is possible, however, to tolerate exposures that will cause unconsciousness. It also has narcotic properties but is the least toxic of all the chlorinated hydrocar bons . Repeated exposure to ethyl chloride vapors over 1000 ppm should be avoided. 2. Skin Contact Due to the fact that ethyl chloride is a gas at normal room temperatures, the liquid spilled on the skin may cause rapid cooling and possibly frostbite. 3. Eve Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information If a person is suffering from over-exposure to ethyl chloride, he should be moved to fresh air at once. Oxygen should be given if a trained operator is available. If breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration at once. Summon a physician. Adrenalin should never be given to a person suffering from chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning. 6113 22903 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (EDC. 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH2CICH2CI Clear colorless liquid 98.97 13 C (Closed cup) 413 C 6.2 to 15.9% 83.5C 1.246 (25/4C) 3.4 (air - 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 50 ppm EDC can constitute a severe hazard by acute and a moderate hazard by chronic exposure. When a worker inhales an excessive amount of vapor within a short period of time, the first reaction is irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, fullness of the head, and mental confusion. There may be dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. If not immediately removed from the vapor, he may become un conscious and serious injury may occur. In case of spills, self-contained breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. In atmospheres containing less than 2% concentration of EDC vapors and no less than 16% oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact Although the compound is absorbed through the skin, it takes quite a large dose to produce serious systemic poisoning. Repeated or prolonged contact should be avoided since dermatitis may occur. Chemical gloves should be worn. 3. Eve Contact EDC in the eye presents a serious hazard if not promp tly washed out. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 6113 22904 ETHYLENE A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density C2H4 Colorless gas 28.05 543 C 3.1 to 32.0% -103.7C 0.97 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 1000 ppm Ethylene 3 a colorless gas with a suffocating etheral, or faint sweet odor. If a person inftales high concen trations of ethylene, he will suffer from headaches, drowsiness, lack of coordination and muscular weakness due to an anesthetic effect. If he is not removed promptly from exposure, loss of consciousness and death may result. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eve Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information A person suffering from over-exposure to ethylene should be promptly removed from the contaminated atmosphere. If the breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started at once. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxygen. Ordinarily, removal of the patient to fresh air results in rapid recovery. 6113 22905 ETHYLENE OXIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density (ch2)2o dolorless liquid or gas 44.05 0F (open cup) 571C 3% to 100% 10.73C 0.8711 20/20C 1.49 (air 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 50 ppm Ethylene oxide is moderately toxic if inhaled, and is irritating to the mucous membranes. Excessive exposure to vapor may cause irritation to the lungs and central depression. Nausea and vomiting are usually delayed and may be followed by convulsive seizures and profound weakness of the extremities and secondary infection of the lungs. The detectable concentration of ethylene oxide vapor is 700 ppm. If the worker is exposed to high concentrations of vapor, air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. In atmospheres containing less than 2% con centration of ethylene oxide and no less than 16% oxy gen, organic vapor canister type gas masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact Ethylene oxide has little adverse effect on the skin on single mild exposures if the material evaporates rapid ly. However, the concentrated and dilute (1%) aqueous solutions produce blisters on prolonged contact with the skin. If there is danger of contact with the skin, chemical gloves should be worn. 6113 22906 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (EDC, 1,2-PICHLQRQETHANE) - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion EDC is readily absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract .when taken orally. There have been a number of poison ing cases reported that have resulted from oral ingestion, with some proving fatal. C, Medical Information Remove the worker from the contaminated area and give arti ficial respiration if needed. Remove any contaminated clothing and do not replace until clean and dry. If the eyes are involved, they should be flushed immediately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If inges tion has occurred, treat by gastric lavage of lukewarm or. soapy water. Call a physician at once. Adrenalin should never be given to a person suffering from chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning. 6113 22907 HEXANE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density c6h14 Colorless liquid 86.17 -22C 260C 1.2 to 7.5% 68.7C 0.66 (20/4C) 2.97 (air 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 500 ppm Hexane is not a poisonous material? however, the vapors can be narcotic. If a high concentration of hexane vapors are inhaled, headache, drowsiness,lack of coordination and muscular weakness follow. If the individual is not promptly removed from exposure, loss of consciousness and death may result. In atmospheres of unknown concentration, air sup plied or self-contained respiratory equipment must be used. In atmospheres containing less than 2% concen tration of hexane and no less than 16% oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact Prolonged contact with hexane will result in mild irri tations and dermatitis due to the action of drying and defatting of the skin. 3. Eve Contact No known serious effects although contact with the eyes will be somewhat painful. 4. Ingestion Unknown. 6113 22908 HEXANE - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information A person suffering from over-exposure to hexane vapors should be promptly removed from the contaminated atmos phere. If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started at once. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxygen. Ordinarily, removal of the patient to fresh air results in rapid recovery. 6113 22909 ETHYLENE OXIDE - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Vapors of ethylene oxide in high concentrations are known to be irritating to the eyes. If the liquid contacts the eyes, it will produce severe irritation and corneal injury. If danger of contact with the eyes exists with either ethylene oxide vapor or liquid, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion Ingestion is improbably since the material would nor mally vaporize. C. Medical Information If a worker is overcome by ethylene oxide poisoning, he should be moved to fresh air immediately. If unconscious, start artificial respiration immediately. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available; start giving the patient oxygen. Summon a physician immediately. If a worker is splashed with the liquid he should be immediately removed to a safety shower and washed with large amounts of water. The clothing should be removed while under the shower. If shoes are contaminated, they can very seldom be decontaminated enough to be worn again. If a worker accidentally swallows ethylene oxide, an emetic of lukewarm or soapy water is suggested. FREON (Trademarked name for a series of Fluorinated- Chlorinated Hydrocarbons) A. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 1000 ppm (recommended) Most freons are gases at room temperature and are usually colorless and odorless. Freons are not toxic from a systemic standpoint and usually cause diffi culty only be restricting the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. If a high concentration of freon is inhaled, headaches, drowsiness, lack of coordination, and muscular weakness follow. If the worker is not promptly removed from exposure, loss of consciousness and death may result. Air supplied or self-contained breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eve Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information A person suffering from an over-exposure to freon should be promptly removed from the contaminated atmosphere. If the breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started at once. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxy gen. Ordinarily, removal of the patient to fresh air re sults in rapid recovery. Adrenalin should never be given to a person suffering from chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning. 6113 22911 BfttteMfalBIWiIrl rahMaHii IMfcfciiiMli..H[.t<IH.JiiiM)iin rtiai HYDROGEN A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density Colorless gas 2 585C 4 to 75% -252.8C 0.069 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - Not established Hydrogen gas can cause asphyxiation by replacing the oxygen normally needed in the air to sustain life. The effects exhibited by deficient oxygen in the air are; headache, shortness of breath, and mental sluggish ness. If hydrogen gas atmospheres in high concentration . should be entered, self-contained air breathing appa ratus would be the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eye Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information If a person is overcome from exposure to hydrogen gas, he should be removed to fresh air immediately. Recovery will usually be rapid. If breathing has ceased, start arti ficial respiration at once. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, oxygen should be administered 6113 22912 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance HCl: Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density Anhydrous Colorless 36.5 None None None Aqueous Clear to slight yellow None None None -85C 1.3(air-1.0) 110C 1.16(20Be') B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 5 ppm Inhalation of excessive concentrations of hydrogen chloride vapors immediately produces severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract, resulting in coughing, burning of the throat, and a choking sensation. Re actions have usually been limited to inflammation and occasionally ulceration of the nose, throat and larynx. Work is impossible at concentrations above 50-100 ppm. Concentrations of 1000 to 2000 ppm are immediately hazardous to life. Prolonged exposure to low concen trations causes erosion of the teeth. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask, but preferably fitted with an acid canister, may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16 per cent oxygen and less than 2 per cent hydrogen chloride. 2. Skin Contact Concentrated solutions of HCl are destructive to clothing and, on contact with the skin, causes severe burns unless promptly washed off. Repeated contact of the skin with dilute solutions may lead to the develop ment of dermatitis. Exposure to the concentrated vapor of anhydrous HCl may also result in burns or dermatitis. 6113 22913 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE - PAGE 2 Skin Contact (cont'd) Chemical gloves and possibly other protective clothing .may be needed if danger of contact exists. 3. Eve Contact Contact of the eyes with hydrogen chloride, either as a gas or in solution, rapidly causes severe irritation of the eyes and eyelids. If not quickly removed, there may be prolonged or permanent visual impairment or total loss cf sight. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. ingestion When concentrated hydrochloric acid is swallowed, it causes severe burns of the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Medical Information Speed in removing the patient from the contaminated atmos phere and removing the HC1 is of utmost importance. If even minute quantities enter the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Workers suffering skin contact should be subjected immediately to a drenching shower of water. Individuals exposed to fumes of HCl usually leave the contaminated area immediately, if possible. Inhalation exposure is then not likely to be greater than inflam mation of the upper respiratory tract. Oxygen will usually furnish relief from coughing. In the event that the person is overcome and breathing has stopped, artificial respiration must be started immediately. Oxygen should be administered as soon as possible after any serious exposure to prevent the development of severe lung congestion. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed strong solutions of acid. If patient is conscious, have him wash out his mouth and then drink large amount of water immediately. 6113 22914 HYDROQUINONE (1.4-BENZENEDIOL) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density c6h4(oh)2 Colorless to white crystalline solid 110.1 165C(closed cup) 515C 286.2C 1.358 (20/40C) 3.81 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 2 mg/m3 Hydroquinone exhibits a low order of acute or chronic toxicity by inhalation. Approved type dust respirators should be used when hydroquinone dusts are present. 2. Skin Contact Hydroquinone is not a serious skin irritant or sensi tizer? however, if contact is made with the skin, it should be washed off immediately. 3. Eve Contact Hydroquinone has a chronic effect on the eye. Severe exposures to the eye can cause loss of visual acuity and reversible pigmentation. It can also cause pro gressive structural damage to the cornea if the exposure is high enough in concentration and long enough in time. Direct application of this compound to the eye can cause immediate irritation and possible corneal ulceration. It is recommended that cover goggles be worn if danger of contact with the eyes exists. 6113 22915 HYDROGEN' CYANIDE - PAGE 2 Skin Contact (cont'd) skin is broken by wounds. Chemical gloves should be used. Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse. 3. Eve Contact HCN vapor is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the eyes, and in large enough quantities, will produce the same symptoms as following inhalation of the vapors. A splash of liquid HCN into the eye would result in severe symptoms of HCN poison ing as well as considerable irritation. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion HCN is rapidly absorbed and is extremely toxic. A lethal dose of only 0.3 gram is estimated for a 165 pound man. The storage or eating of food should be forbidden in the vicinity of HCN. C. Medical information Speed is of utmost importance. The patient should be removed at once to an area free of HCN. Many victims will have stopped breathing. In this case, artificial respiration must be started immediately. Treatment with amyl nitrite should also be started without delay. Summon a physician immediately. A cyanide kit containing amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate should be readily available for use by trained medical personnel. Cautions amyl nitrite is flammable. If HCN has entered the eyes, they should be flushed immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. If liquid HCN has contaminated the skin or clothing,' the clothing should be removed and the skin thoroughly washed with soap and water. If a person has swallowed HCN and is conscious, he should be made to vomit by giving him a glassful of lukewarm or soapy water. Warnings Methylene Blue should not be used if the patient has been treated with amyl nitrite. 6113 2 2 9 i6 HYDROGEN CYANIDE A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density HCN Colorless liquid 27 -17.8C(closed cup) 538C 5.6 to 40% 26C 0.69(20C/15.6C) 0.93(air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 10 ppm HCN is one of the most toxic and rapidly acting substances encountered in industry. It has the characteristic, odor of bitter almonds which can be recognized by the trained individual at 2-5 ppm. The sense of smell is, however, easily fatigued; there is wide individual variation in the minimum odor threshold. Twenty to forty ppm can be toler ated for several hours. Longer or higher exposures will produce weakness, severe headache, sweating, nausea and vomiting. Continued exposure will re sult in loss of consciousness. Exposure to 270 ppm can be rapidly fatal. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask, but preferably an HCN mask, may be used if the contaminated atmos phere is known to contain at least 16 per cent oxy gen and less than 2 per cent HCN. (See skin contact recommendations.) 2. Skin Contact All bodily contact with gas or liquid must be avoided. High concentrations of HCN vapor may be absorbed through the skin; hence, a gas mask alone cannot be considered thorough protection in concentrations of 100 ppm or higher for very long periods of time. A vapor tight suit should be used when danger of skin contact exists. Liquid HCN is readily absorbed through the skin. This danger is much greater if the 6113 22917 HYDROQUINONE (1.4-BENZEDIQL) - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion Hydroquinone is toxic by oral ingestion. Ingestion of 1 gram may cause nausea, dizziness, cyanosis, delirium and collapse. Fatal cases have been reported after in' gestion of 5 to 12 grams. C. Medical Information In case hydroquinone gets into the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with copious quantities of fresh water for 15 minutes. A physician (preferably an eye specialist) should be called in attendance. All cases of unusual eye complaints from workers in areas where hydroquinone is handled should be referred to a physician. If swallowed, an emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water may be used to induce vomiting. 6113 22918 ISOBUTYLENE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH2C(CH3)2 Colorless gas 56.1 <7C 465C 1.8 - 8.8% -6.9C 0.594 (20/4C) 2.01 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established Isobutylene is a colorless gas with a very faint odor. Its lethal effects are caused by the depletion of oxy gen more than its anesthetic action. The proposed maximum allowable concentration in air is 4000 ppm. If high concentrations of isobutylene are inhaled, it will cause headaches, drowsiness, lack of coordi nation and muscular weakness. If the worker is not promptly removed from exposure, loss of consciousness and death may result. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eve Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information A person suffering from overexposure to isobutylene should be promptly removed from the contaminated area, if breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started at once. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxygen. Ordinarily, removal of the 6113 22919 LACTIC ACID (alpha-HTOROXYPROPIONIC ACID) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Boiling Point Specific Gravity ch3 chohcooh Yellow to colorless hygroscopic solid or liquid 90.08 122C, 14mm Hg 1.249 (15C) .enic Hazards and Their Recommended Control Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established If mists of lactic acid are inhaled, the only effect will be an irritation of the respiratory tract. A universal type gas mask may be used in atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concentration of acid vapor and no less than 16 per cent oxygen. .2 Skin Contact If lactic acid contacts the skin, it can cause burns similar to third-degree thermal burns. When handling either the liquid acid or solutions, chemical gloves should be worn. 3. Eve Contact Lactic acid is a corrosive eye irritant, and if allowed to remain in contact with the eye for sufficient time, loss of sight could result. If danger of contact with the eye exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. Ingestion The more concentrated solutions can cause burns to the mouth and throat. It is used in foods as an acidulate. LACTIC ACID (alpha-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID) - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If lactic acid contacts the skin, it should immediately he flushed with fresh water followed by washing with soap and water. If lactic acid enters the eye, the eyes should be irrigated immediately with copious amounts of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. A physician (preferably an eye specialist) should be called in attendance. 6113 22921 LIME (QUICK LIME, CAUSTIC LIME. CALCIUM OXIDE) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density CaO White grayish solid in a finely ground state 56.08 None None None 2850C 3.37 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 5 mg/m^. (No per missible dustiness has been proposed.) Lime dust, if inhaled, causes the worker to sneeze and cough. It sets up an inflammatory condition of the respiratory passages, which occasionally may be followed by ulceration and penetration of the nasal wall. If a large concentration of lime dust is inhaled, it will cause intense sneezing and the person involved will usually withdraw from the dust area thereby limiting exposure. In case of exposure to lime dust, dust respirators should be worn. 2. Skin Contact If lime dust gets on the skin, it will absorb the oil from the skin and cause chafing, scaling, and cracks. The fingernails become hard and break easily. If the skin is damp from perspiration, the heat from the re action of lime with moisture irritates and often causes severe burns which may be followed by ulcers or lesions and scars. If danger of contact exists, rubber gloves, apron and rubber boots should be worn. 6113 22922 LIME (QUICK LIME. CAUSTIC LIME. CALCIUM OXIDE) - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact If lime dust contacts the eyes, it will irritate the eye and lids and may cause severe burns which may be followed by scarring or perforation of the eyeball, impairment of vision and by a permanent turning out of the eyelids. If danger of contact exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion If lime dust or lime paste is swallowed, it will cause irritation and may severely burn the 'mouth, throat and stomach. C. Medical Information Should lime dust or paste enter the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. The eyelids should be held apart during the irrigation to insure contact of water with all the tissues of the surface of the eyes and lids. A physician (preferably an eye specialist) should be called in attendance. In case contact is made with the skin, the part affected should immediately be flushed with water. If swallowed, an emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water may be used to induce vomiting. CAUSTIC (SODIUM HYDROXIDE) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity NaOH White solid flakes or pellets or clear liquid 40 None None None 1390C (142-148C for 50% solution) 2.13 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established Inhalation of the dust or concentrated mist of this compound may cause damage to the upper respiratory tract and even to the lung tissue proper, depending upon the severity of the exposure. A dust mask or chemical cartridge respirator may be used in atmospheres containing dust or mist. 2. Skin Contact Caustic exerts a marked corrosive action on those tissues with which it comes in contact, with resulting burns, frequently deep ulceration and ultimate scarring. Severe burns result not only from contact with the solid alkali, but also from solutions of this compound. Even dilute solutions, on prolonged contact, exert a destructive effect on tissues. Since signs and symp toms of irritation are frequently not evident immedi ately after contact, injury may result before one realizes that the chemical is in contact with the body. Dermatitis of the primary irritant type may occur following single or repeated exposure to dilute solu tions. Repeated exposures result in an itching or scaling condition of the skin, which may require pro longed treatment by a dermatologist. 6113 22924 WtlliiM- CAUSTIC 'SCCriM HYDROXIDE) - PAGE 2 Skin Contact (conta d) Chemical gloves should be worn. The use of complete body protection is sometimes recommended. 3. Eye Contact Contact with the eyes, either in solid form or in solution, causes severe damage. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Ingestion, either of the solid form or of the solution, results in severe damage to the mucous membranes or deeper tissues with which contact is made. Perforation of these tissues may follow severe exposure. C. Medical Information If contact with the skin is made by either the solid form or solution form, it should be washed off immediately under a safety shover? clothing should be removed while under the safety shower, Washing should continue until medical heLp arrives. It is generally accepted that pro longed copious irrigations with water are less damaging to tissue than are attempts at chemical neutralization. If even minute quantities of either solid form or solution enter the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed caustic. If patient is conscious, have him wash out his mouth and then drink as much water as possible. 6113 22925 CHLORINE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density Cl2 Greenish yellow gas 70.91 None None None (capable of supporting combustion of certain substances) -29F Liquid - 1.478 at 0/4C 2.49 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 1 ppm Chlorine is extremely irritating to the upper respiratory tract and the deep structures such as the bronchi. If lung tissues are attacked, pulmonary edema may result. Exposure to concentrations of 2 to 6 ppm cause a stinging or burning sensation in the eyes, nose, throat and the accessary nasal sinuses. Exposure for 1/2 to 1 hour to a concentration of 14 to 21 ppm is dangerous. Concen trations of 50 ppm are dangerous for even short exposure. In heavy concentrations of chlorine gas, self contained air breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. Chemical cartridge respirators may be used to avoid in haling disagreeable but relatively harmless concentra tions of chlorine vapor. 2. Skin Contact A high concentration of chlorine gas irritates the skin causing sensations of burning, inflammation, or even blister formation. If danger of contact exists with the liquid or high concentrations of vapors, plastic gloves should be worn. 3. Eye Contact Liquid chlorine is very dangerous to the eyes as is chlorine gas. It can cause weeping and varying degrees of inflammation and redness and may cause burns. 6113 22926 CHLORINE - PAGE 2 Eye Contact (cont'd) Chemical safety goggles should always be worn if there is danger of the material striking the eyes. Full face protection should be worn in atmospheres of high concen trations of gas. 4. Ingestion It is unlikely that liquid chlorine could accidentally be swallowed. C. Medical Information A worker that has been severely gassed should be removed to fresh air immediately. All constricting clothing about the neck should be loosened. Oxygen should be administered by an experienced operator in all cases of chlorine poison ing. The prompt administration of oxygen will often prevent cyanosis and relieve the pain of deep respiratory effort. If the patient has ceased breathing, artificial respiration should be started at once. Summon a physician. If the eyes have received an excess of chlorine gas, they should be promptly flushed with copious amounts of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. Summon a physician. 6113 22927 COPPER SALTS (cuprous and cupric chloride) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Density CuCl or CuCl2 cuprous - white powder cupric - bright yellow powder 99 or 134.5 None None None 3.53 or 3.054 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established Copper salts are irritating and corrosive to the res piratory membranes. If sufficient copper chloride reaches the stomach by breathing it will cause violent vomiting and intense pain of the abdomen. Exposure to dusts of certain copper salts will cause intense sneezing, nausea and weakness. When handling copper salts, if any dust is present, a dust type respirator must be worn. 2. Skin Contact Copper salts are somewhat irritating and corrosive to the skin. If any dust is present,a person should wear protective clothing. 3. Eve Contact Copper salts is damaging to the eyes but it is not known to what extent. When handling copper salts, chemical cover goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion If large amounts of copper salts have been ingested orally, the person will have the usual symptoms of corrosive poisoning. 6113 22928 COPPER SALTS (cuprous and cupric chloride)- PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If large amounts of copper salts have been ingested orally, give an emetic of lukewarm or soapy water to cause vomiting and call a physician at once. Any skin contact with copper salts should be washed thoroughly with water. If the eyes are affected, they should be immediately flushed with running water. The eye lids should be held apart during the irrigation to insure contact of water with all the tissues of the surface of the eyes and lids. An eye specialist should be summoned immediately. 6113 22929 1-CYANO-l, 3-BUTADIENE (CNB) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH2(CH)3CN Clear liquid 79.1 30C (closed cup) 134.6C 0.858 25/4C 2.7 (air * 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Threshold Limit Value - Not established (acrylonitrile 20 ppm) Follow the general symptoms and first- aid instructions found under Acrylonitrile. 6113 22930 DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST (DEPT. 6) A. Properties Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air None None None B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Threshold Limit Value - Not established The iron oxide dehydrogenation catalyst contains slight amounts of potassium oxide, potassium carbonate and potassium dichromate. As normally handled in the dry state, the catalyst is relatively safe to handle but precautions should be taken to prevent breathing, the dust or allowing it to stay in contact with the skin for extended lengths of time. A dust respirator may be worn. Aqueous solutions, normally encountered during the washing down of the catalyst dust from piping and equipment, is a strong caustic solution of dichromate. Follow the general symptoms and first aid found under Caustic (Sodium Hydroxide) and Sodium Dichromate. 6113 22931 PIALLY! ETHER (ALLYL ETHER) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density (ch2chch2)2o Clear Liquid 98 -5C (open cup) 9.48C 0.805 3.38 (air * 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established Massive exposure to diallyl ether vapors would cause irritation to the nose, throat and lungs, and if an exposed worker is not immediately removed from ex posure, loss of consciousness and eventual death may insue. These conclusions are based on animal toxicity tests. If respiratory protection is necessary, gas masks and respirators for organic vapors should be used. 2. Skin Contact This compound is a mild irritant to the skin. Ex cessive skin exposure can lead to dermatitis from solvent action on the natural skin oils. 3. Eve Contact Mild to moderate irritant to the eyes. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Diallyl ether is moderately toxic from a single oral ingestion standpoint. (LD50 in rats orally is 320 mg/kg) 6113 22932 DIALLYL ETHER (ALLYL ETHER) - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If a worker accidentally receives sufficient exposure to this compound to cause loss of consciousness, he should he removed immediately from exposure; If the worker has stopped breathing, artificial respiration should be started without delay. If oxygen is available, it should be admini stered by a trained operator. A physician should be summoned at once. If diallyl ether enters the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with clean water for at least 15 minutes. A physician (preferably an eye specialist)should be called in attendance. 6113 22933 D11SOBUTYLALITMINUM HYDRIDE (DIBAHl A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Explosive Limits by Volume in Air (c4h9)2aih Clear colorless 86 liquid Pyrophoric-ignites on exposure to air B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - No standard proposed. Personnel exposed to significant quantities of fumes from the combustion of DIBAH may suffer possible lung injury. Evidence exists that combustion fumes are toxic, and therefore, should be avoided.' In an atmosphere of not more than 2% DIBAH combustion products and not less than 16% oxygen, an all purpose canister-type gas mask can be used. 2. Skin Contact Concentrated DIBAH is extremely destructive to living tissue. The reaction upon contact with the skin is immediate and results in deep, painful chemical and thermal burns with subsequent scarring if treatment is delayed. Dilute hydrocarbon solutions of DIBAH 23% DIBAH) will usually cause reddening of the skin on contact and may result in blistering. Protective clothing must be worn when handling DIBAH and danger of exposure exists. Such clothing consists of an overall protective garment of neoprene or PVC coated fabric, neoprene or FVC coated gloves, rubber boots, and air ventilated hood. The two-piece rain suit issued as standard equipment to Texas City oper ating personnel is suitable, though a smock-like garment which opens down the back and can be thrown off by the wearer in an emergency may be preferred. 6113 22934 DIISOBCTYLALUMINUM HYDRIDE (DIBAH) - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact There is no information available; however, if DIBAH makes contact with the eye, severe damage would be probable. An air ventilated hood should be worn if danger of contact exists. For handling dilute hydrocarbon solutions (4.25% DIBAH) , a face shield and chemical safety goggles may be substituted for the air hood. 4. Ingestion No information available. C. Medical Information Personnel exposed to significant quantities of fumes from the combustion of DIBAH should immediately be examined by a physician for possible lung injury. If contact is made with the skin, the contacted areas should be washed with water and given the normal first aid treatment. For extensive burns, flood the area with water, then take the person to the dispensary. It is im portant that he be taken and not sent since these burns are extremely painful. If even minute quantities enter the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. 6113 22935 DIMETHYL ETHER A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH3OCH3 Colorless gas 46.07 -41C (closed cup) 350C 3.5 to 18 -23.7C 0.661 1.59 (air = 1;0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - No standard proposed. DME is not toxic in the sense of being poison. It is a depressant of the central nervous system and is capable of producing intoxication, drowsiness, stupor, and unconsciousness. Death due to respiratory failure may result from severe and continued exposure. In an atmosphere of not more than 2% of DME and not less than 16% oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas masks can be used. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eye Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information Remove anyone suffering from any of the symptoms from ex posure immediately and recovery will usually be rapid and complete. Call a physician. If breathing has ceased, immediately give artificial respiration. 6113 22936 DIMETHYL FORMAMIDB (DMF) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density HCON(CH3)2 Colorless liquid 73 67C (Open cup) 445 C 2.2 to 15.2% 153 C 0.9445(25/4C) 2.5(air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 10 ppm Inhalation of excessive amounts of DMF may cause damage to the lungs, liver and kidneys. Exposure to high concentration results in headache, vomiting, con gestion and irritation of the respiratory tract and disturbance of equilibrium. Loss of consciousness and eventually death may occur after prolonged ex posure to high concentrations. Detectable odor level is not known, but odor is said to be objectionable. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. Organic vapor canistertype gas masks may be used in atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concentration of DMF vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen. 2. Skin Contact DMF is irritating to the skin but is not a skin sensitizer. 3. Eve Contact No information is available on the harmful effects of DMF to the eyes except that it is irritating. 4. Ingestion DMF is slightly toxic orally and has an approximate lethal dose in rats of 2250 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. 6113 22937 DIMETHYL PORMAMIDE (DMF) - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If a person is overcome by inhalation of DMF, he should be moved to fresh air immediately. Keep him warm, not hot. Oxygen usually furnishes relief from coughing re sulting from severe exposure. If a person trained in administering oxygen is present, it should be administered for at least 15 to 30 minutes. If the person is unconscious, start artificial respiration immediately. Summon a physician. If contact is made with the skin, wash with water. If contact is made with the eyes, irrigate with water for at least 15 minutes. 6113 22938 DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE .(DMF) - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If a person is overcome by inhalation of DMF, he should be moved to fresh air immediately. Keep him warm, not hot. Oxygen usually furnishes relief from coughing re sulting from severe exposure. If a person trained in administering oxygen is present, it should be administered for at least 15 to 30 minutes. If the person is unconscious, start artificial respiration immediately. Summon a physician. If contact is made with the skin, wash with water. If contact is made with the eyes, irrigate with water for at least 15 minutes. 6113 22939 DIMETHYL FORMAMTDE .(DMF) - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If a person is overcome by inhalation of DMF, he should be moved to fresh air immediately. Keep him warm, not hot. Oxygen usually furnishes relief from coughing re sulting from severe exposure. If a person trained in administering oxygen is present, it should be administered for at least 15 to 30 minutes. If the person is unconscious, start artificial respiration immediately. Summon a physician. If contact is made with the skin, wash with water. If contact is made with the eyes, irrigate with water for at least 15 minutes. 6113 22940 ETHANE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density C2H6 Colorless gas 30.07 510C 3.1 to 12.5% -88.6C 1.04 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - No standards ..proposed Ethane is a gas, is odorless, and if inhaled acts as an asphyxiant. In high concentration, ethane has an anes thetic action, it is not considered a poison. It be longs to a group of gases and vapors which do not appear to produce injury in concentrations up to 50,000 ppm (5 per cent) for exposure up to two hours. If high concentration of ethane are inhaled, headaches and drowsiness follow with muscular weakness and seme disorientation. If the worker is not removed from exposure, loss of consciousness and death may follow. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eve Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information A person suffering from over-exposure to ethane, should be removed from the contaminated atmosphere. If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration-should be started. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxygen. Ordinarily,,removal of the patient to fresh air results in rapid recovery. 6113 22941 MALEIC ANHYDRIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density OCOCHCHCO White crystalline solid 98.06 103.3(CC) 477C 1.4 to 7.1% 202C 0.934 (20/4C) 3.4 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established Maleic anhydride is so irritating that acute exposures are not normally encountered. A worker would volun tarily withdraw from high concentrations of maleic vapors if he were not trapped. .Maleic anhydride can cause asthma-like symptoms when sub-acute quantities of vapors or dusts are inhaled. In some cases, sub-acute inhalation has lead to severe headaches, nosebleed, nausea, and temporary impairment of vision. Some workers may develop a respiratory allergic response (similar to chronic asthma) upon re peated inhalation of sub-acute concentration. This can lead to respiratory sensitivity where workers may have to be removed from even minor exposures to maleic dusts or vapors. If maleic dusts or fumes are present, organic vapor car tridge respirators or full face gas masks should be worn. In normal usage, if the material cannot be handled under an exhaust hood, respirators or air supplied full-face masks must be worn. 2. Skin Contact If maleic anhydride is left in contact with the skin, painful irritation can result. This is particularly true if the skin is moist, because of the rapid hydroly sis of maleic anhydride to maleic acid in the presence of moisture. Rubber gloves should be worn if danger of contact exists. 6113 22942 MALEIC ANHYDRIDE - PAGE 2 3. Eye Contact Maleic anhydride is very irritating to the eyes and will cause painful conjuntivitis and possible corneal dullness if not immediately removed. Exposure to maleic anhydride vapors and dusts will at times create a transitory effect on the vision. This effect is characterized either by colored rings in the visual field, particularly around light sources (halo effects), or double vision. If danger of contact exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion No data available on ingestion hazards. C. Medical Information Workers who have inhaled considerable maleic vapors or dusts should be kept at rest under observation until the physician is confident that an acute chemical pneumonitis will not develop. Oxygen should be administered to the patient if pulmonary irritation appears. Maleic anhydride should be removed from the skin by flushing with copious quantities of fresh water. Soap should be used to remove minute traces of the compound. If chemical burns or skin irritation occur from exposures, a physician should be consulted. In case maleic anhydride enters the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with copious quantities of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. A physician (preferably an eye specialist) should be called in attendance. 6113 22943 MERCURY AND MERCURY SALTS A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Hg Liquid - silvery White Salts - white powder 200.06 None None None 356.58C 13.546 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Mercury--skin 0.1 mg/m3. Mercury--(organic compounds)-- skin 0.01 mg/n3. Mercury vapors are highly toxic. Acute intoxication from inhaling mercury vapor in high concentrations is characterized by a metallic taste, nausea, abdomi nal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and sometimes - albuminuria? after a few days the salivary glands swell, stomatitis and gingivitis develop. The teeth may loosen, and ulcers may form Oh the lips and cheeks. In milder cases, recovery occurs within 10 to 14 days, but in others poisoning of the chronic type may ensue, accom panied by muscular tremors and psychic disturbances. Some of the acute cases have resulted from exposure concentrations of from 1.2 to 8.5 mg of mercury per cubic meter. Mercury sallts cause intoxication with resulting injury to the excretory organs (saliva, kidneys, etc.). When handling mercury salts in large quantities, par ticularly if the salts are finely ground, chemical safety goggles and dust type respirators should be used. If there is danger of inhaling mercury vapor, a mask equipped with a mercury vapor type canister should be used. 6113 22944 MERCURY AND MERCURY SALTS - PAGE 2 2. Skin Contact Hg compounds and metallic Hg may be absorbed through the skin in small amounts. Inorganic Hg compounds are also skin irritants. 3. Eve Contact Mercury compounds are highly irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes. 4. Ingestion Ingestion of metallic mercury is considered unlikely. The mercury salts are highly toxic cellular poisons. C. Medical information If contact with the skin is made with mercury salts, it should be washed off immediately with soap and water. If a worker is exposed to high concentrations of Hg vapors, he should be removed to fresh air immediately. If mercury salts enter the eyes, they should be immediately irrigated for 15 minutes with running water. If swallowed, an emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water may be used to induce vomiting. Summon a physician at once. 6113 22945 METHANE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density CH4 Colorless gas 16.04 537C 5.3% to 14.0% -162C 0.55(air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 10,000 ppm (suggested) Methane is a simple asphyxiant. If the concentration is high enough to dilute or exclude the oxygen in the air, effects produced will be due to oxygen deprivation. It is odorless and has no warning properties. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. * 3, Eye Contact No known problem. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information A worker suffering from methane asphyxia should be promptly removed to fresh air. If the breathing has ceased, artifi cial respiration should be started. If oxygen apparatus and trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxygen. Ordinarily, removal of the patient to fresh air re sults in complete recovery. 6113 22946 METHANOL I, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH3OH Colorless liquid 32 12 C 464 C 6.7 to 36.5% 64.7C 0.792 at 20C/4C 1.11 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 200 ppm Methanol does not have a suitable warning odor or irritating properties except at high concentrations. Inhalation of an excessive amount of the vapor within a short time can result in acute poisoning. The exposure to vapor causes irritation to the eyes, headache, sen sation of heat, fatigue and drowsiness. Inhalation of very high concentrations produces central nervous system depression and optic nerve damage. It becomes unendurable at 50,000 ppm in the air, and will probably cause death in 1 to 2 hours. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal type gas mask may be used in atmos pheres containing less than 2 per cent concentration of methanol vapor and no less than 16 per cent oxygen. 2. Skin Contact Methanol may be absorbed through the skin in suffi cient quantities to cause the same effects as when in haled as vapor. Dermatitis may result after repeated or prolonged contact with the skin. It is possible that methanol can penetrate the skin in sufficient quantity to cause fatal intoxication, although this dosage amount is not known. 6113 22947 H mmm METHANOL - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Methanol entering the eyes as a vapor, mist, liquid spray or splash, causes irritation with lachrymation and burning. Symptoms are transitory with no permanent damage. The most serious effect on the eyes is blind ness caused by absorption into the blood stream through the skin, respiratory system, or gastrointestinal tract. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Swallowing of methanol may cause death or permanent eye damage. Amounts in the neighborhood of 3 to 4 ounces may be fatal. C. Medical Information Remove the effected person from the exposed area, and wash the affected skin areas with water. Irrigate the eyes thoroughly with water for 15 minutes. Keep patient quiet. If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started. If a person has swallowed methanol, he should, if conscious, be made to vomit by drinking a glass of lukewarm salt or soapy water. The person should be made to lie down and kept warm. Summon a physician immediately. 6113 22948 METHYLENE CHLORIDE (DICHLOROMETHANE) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Oxygen (will not form explosive mixture in air at ordinary temperatures) Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density ch2ci2 Colorless liquid 84.94 None 662C 15.5% to 66% 40.1C 1.325 (20/4C) 2.93 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalations Threshold Limit Value - 500 ppm Inhalation of an excessive amount of vapor within a short period of time may cause acute poisoning. The odor is detectable in the range 100 to 1000 ppm. In halation of the vapors will- cause irritation of the nose and throat, fullness in the head and mental con fusion. There may be dizziness, nausea and vomiting. If the worker is not immediately removed from the vapor, he may become unconscious and serious injury may occur. It would require very large amounts of this compound to cause fatalities since laboratory animals have been exposed to 25,000 ppm for two hours without fatal results. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen tration of methylene chloride vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas mask can be used. 2. Skin Contact Methylene chloride may cause dermatitis after repeated or prolonged contact with the skin. In certain very rare cases there may be a hypersensitivity to methylene chloride. The skin becomes rough red and dry due to the removal of skin oils. 6113 22949 MFypTTVTiENE CHLORIDE (DICHLOROMETHANE) - PAGE 2 2. Skin Contact (cont'd) If danger of contact with skin exists, gloves should be worn to prevent excessively defatting the skin. 3. Eve Contact If methylene chloride contacts the eyes, it is painful and irritating but is not likely to cause serious injury unless the exposure is prolonged. It may enter the eyes either as a liquid or as a vapor. The resultant irritation produces weeping, burning and other symptoms or inflammation. 4. Ingestion Methylene chloride is not considered a poison by defi nition, but if swallowed, an emetic is indicated. C. Medical Information A person showing signs of vapor poisoning should be removed promptly from the contaminated area. In case breathing has stopped, artificial respiration should be started immediately. If oxygen apparatus and an experienced operator is available, it should be administered. Summon a physician. If contact has been made with the skin, all contaminated clothing, including shoes, should be removed. All affected areas should be washed with water and soap. If contact has been made with the eyes, they should be washed with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. Adrenalin should never be given to a person suffering from chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning. 6113 22950 METHYL ETHER OF HYDROQUINONE (MQ) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Boiling Point CH30C6H40H White waxy solid 124.16 243 C B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established. MQ dusts are sufficiently irritating to act as a warning when inhaled in high concentrations. The only hazard involved would be the inhalation of large quantities of dusts sufficient to cause acute pneumonitis. If there is danger of inhaling MQ dusts, an approved type dust respirator is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact If MQ dust contacts the skin, it will cause a mild to moderate irritation. Dermal studies indicated that the material does not readily absorb through the intact skin to cause systemic injury. If danger of contact exists when handling MQ dusts, rubber gloves should be worn. 3. Eye Contact MQ dusts will irritate the eyes; however, present data does not indicate any hazardous effects. 4. Ingestion MQ is only slightly toxic from an oral ingestion stand point (oral LD50 in rats 1630 mg/Kg). C. Medical Information If the worker inhaled large quantities of MQ, he should be kept at rest under observation until the physician is con fident that an acute pneumonitis will not develop. 6113 22951 METHYL ETHER OF HYDROOUINONE (MQ) - PAGE 2 Medical Information (cont'd) MQ should be removed from the skin by flushing with copious quantities of fresh water. If MQ in any way enters the eyes, the eyes should be irri gated immediately with copious quantities of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. A physician (preferably an eye specialist) should be called in attendance. 6113 22952 N-METHYL PYRROLIDONE (NMP) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density H3CN(CH2)3CO Colorless liquid 99.1 95.6C 346 C 203C 1.03 (25/4C) 3.4 (air * 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalation; Threshold Limit Value -'Not established The inhalation of NMP vapors under ordinary conditions would not be expected to cause difficulty. If repeated exposure to high vapor concentration were experienced by workers, respiratory difficulties and systemic damage to the liver-kidney system might result. If a worker was in very high concentrations, death might result from respiratory irritation and/or liver and kidney damage. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen trations of NMP vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor canister type respirators and full face gas masks is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact If NMP contacts the skin for extended periods of time, it can lead to irritational dermatitis from defatting action. The skin will become dry and cracked and very susceptible to infection. Wearing of gloves is optional although it should be noted that rubber gloves are not satisfactory since NMP readily penetrates gum rubber. 3. Eye Contact If NMP contacts the eyes, no permanent damage would be expected. If the material is splashed in the eye, it would cause painful irritation and swelling of the eyelids. 6ll3 22 953 N-METHYL PYRROLIDONE (NMP) - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact (cont*d) If danger of contact from splashing exists, chemical safety goggles probably should be worn mainly to avoid the discomforts of eye contact. 4. Ingestion No information available on human exposure. Toxicity tests on rats indicate a low order of hazard. (ldq= 3ccAg; ld50= 7ccAg? ld10q= 10 ccAg) C. Medical Information If a worker should be overcome from the inhalation of NMP vapors, he should be immediately removed to fresh air and kept warm. If respiratory difficulties are being experi enced, oxygen should be given if an experienced operator of the apparatus is available. If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started. A physician should be summoned at once. If NMP is spilled on the skin, it should be washed off with copious amounts of fresh water. If NMP should contact the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with copious amounts of fresh water for 15 minutes. 6113 22954 OAKITE A. Properties Appearance Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Solid Powder None None None B Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established. The properties of this product in both the solid and liquid state, correspond closely with caustic soda and the precautions, first aid treatment, and handling should be the same as specified for Caustic Soda (NaQH). This is a cleaning compound. The worker making up the solution and using it should wear cover goggles, boots and gloves. 6113 22955 PENTACHLORQ PHENOL AMD SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENATE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Boiling Point Specific Gravity Sodium Salts-C6Cl50Na Penta-C6C150H Penta-White crystalline solid Santobrite-Light tan crystal- line salt Santobrite-288.5 Penta-266.35 Penta-310C Penta-1.978 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 0.5 mg per cubic meter of air Both Penta and its sodium salt can be harmful by in halation of the dusts, mists, or vapors. It is im probable that acutely toxic concentrations could be inhaled because of the irritating properties of the compounds. After inhalation of a sufficient amount of the material, there follows depression and listless ness, possible diarrhea, weakness and finally, convulsive seizures. If there is danger of breathing the dust or mists, dust type respirators should be worn. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen trations of Penta vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, a canister type gas mask for organic vapors is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact Penta and its sodium salt can be harmful by absorption through the intact skin. The efforts of absorption through the intact skin is the same as if the vapors or dusts were inhaled. Contact dermatitis can result from repeated exposure to low concentrations (2 to 5%) that would not otherwise exhibit toxic symptoms. 6113 22956 PENTACHLOROPHENOL AND SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENAT E - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Acute exposure to the eyes of Penta or solutions of its salts in the form of dusts, mists or concentrated vapors may produce marked irritation and should be removed as soon as possible. Chronic eye irritation may result from prolonged or repeated contact with the vapors, mists or dust. If danger of contact exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion Both Penta and its sodium salt is hazardous if swallowed by the worker. C. Medical Information If the worker is overcome by inhalation of Penta or Santobrite dust or mist, he should be removed to fresh air immedi ately. If the worker shows signs of asphyxiation, be prepared to administer artificial respiration or oxygen if a trained operator is available to administer the oxygen. A physician should be called immediately. If Penta compounds contact the skin, it should be washed off immediately with copious amounts of fresh water. If even small quantities of solid Penta, dusts or mists of Penta solutions have entered the eyes, they should be irri gated immediately with copious amounts of fresh water. A physician (preferably an eye specialist) should be called in attendance. If a solution is swallowed, induce vomiting immediately by giving the patient a glassful of lukewarm salt or soapy water. 6113 22957 PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Melting Point Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density C6H5OH Liquid or colorless to light pink solid 94 79C (closed cup) 715C Lower explosive limit approximately 1.5% 41C 182 C 1.049 (50C/4C) 3.2 (air - 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation? Threshold Limit Value - 5 ppm. Under normal working conditions, and at room temperatures, phenol vapors should not be a major problem. Threshold odor level is approximately 0.3 ppm. It is readily absorbed through the respiratory tract and at elevated temperature where massive exposure is possible, it is highly hazardous to life. A universal gas mask may be used if the contaminated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16 per cent oxygen and less than 2 per cent phenols 2. Skin Contact Phenol has a marked corrosive effect on any tissue. Since it is a skin anesthetic the first reaction is not of pain, but a whitening of the exposed area. A serious burn or systemic poisoning may occur if the chemical is not removed promptly and thoroughly. Collapse and death may occur in a few minutes after massive exposure despite prompt emergency care. Derma titis may result from repeated or prolonged skin con tact with low concentrations of phenol in any form. 6113 22958 PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID) - PAGE 2 2. Skin Contact (cont'd) Workers who handle phenol should wear chemical gloves. In cases where large quantities are handled, body pro tection may be required. 3. Eve Contact Since phenol is readily absorbed after any route of ex posure, the eyes are very susceptible to the irritant and corrosive effects. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Swallowing of the liquid results in severe corrosive injury to the mouth, throat and stomach along with systemic poisoning. C. Medical Information The most important part of the treatment is prompt and com plete removal of the chemical immediately after the accident. Continue washing until all odor of phenol has disappeared. If phenol in either solid, liquid or vapor form enters the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately and copiously with water for at least 15 minutes. If breathing has ceased, effective artificial respiration should be initiated at once. Oxygen should be administered as soon as possible. If a person has swallowed phenol, the injury that occurs will be due to both the corrosive and systemic action. The patient should instantly drink large quantities of water to reduce the concentration. If vomiting does not occur spontaneously, induce vomiting by giving a glassful of warm salt or soapy water. 6113 22959 PHOSPHORIC ACID AMD PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Height Boiling Point Specific Gravity Phosphoric Acid - H3PO4 Phosphorus Pentoxide-P205 Viscous liquid or white or colorless crystalline powder or solid Phosphoric Acid - 98 Phosphorus Pentoxide - 142 Approx. 260C Phosphoric Acid - 1.834 (180/4C) Phosphorus Pentoxide - 2.38 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalation: Threshold Limit Value-1 mg/m^ Inhalation of phosphoric acid vapors appears extremely remote although acid mists would cause irritation of the nose, mouth and throat. Inhalation of phosphorus pentoxide dusts causes irri tation of the nose, mouth, throat, and possibly the bronchial tree. There is no systemic effect other than the irritation itself. Dust respirators should be worn when working with dusts of the pentoxide. A canister type gas mask for acid vapors should be worn if danger of breathing the acid mist exists. 2. Skin Contact If contact is made with the skin, either compound can cause burns. Dermatitis can result from prolonged or repeated contact with minor exposures to phosphorus pentoxide. If danger of contact exists, the worker should wear chemical gloves and rubber boots. 6113 22960 PHOSPHORIC ACID AND PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact The effect of either compound on contact with the eye is a corrosive action, if allowed to remain in contact with eye tissue, eye damage may result. If danger of contact exists, the worker should wear chemical safety goggles. 4. Ingestion Not known. C. Medical Information If phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide contacts the skin, the affected areas should be immediately washed with copious amounts of water. If either of the compounds enter the eyes, they should be irrigated immediately with copious amounts of water for a minimum of 15 minutes. A physician,preferably an eye special ist, should be called in attendance. 6113 22961 POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity KMn04 Dark purple or toronze crystals 158.03 None None None Dec. < 24C 2.703 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established Inhalation of potassium permanganate appears remote. A dust respirator should be worn if the possibility of breathing the dust exists. 2. Skin Contact Contact with the skin may cause irritation or burns. 3. Eve Contact The effect on contact with the eye would be corrosive action. If allowed to remain in contact with eye tissue, eye damage may result. 4. ingestion Potassium permanganate is highly toxic if swallowed in solutions; however, most poisonings are due mostly to accidental or suicidal ingestion of the crystals or of their solution. In severe poisonings as produced by the swallowing of 4 to 5 per cent solutions or of solid crystals, the mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx and the lips are brown-black, edematous, and swollen, and they may show some corrosion. If a worker is known to have swallowed potassium permanganate in the solution or crystal form, summon a physician immediately. 6113 22962 POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information The treatment of potassium permanganate poisoning consists in gastric lavage# the administration of demulcents and of copious amounts of fluid in order to increase the renal function# and other supportive measures as may be indicated by the physician. If the material contacts the skin, the affected area should be washed with copious amounts of water. If the material enters the eyes# they should be irrigated immediately with copious amounts of water for a minimum of 15 minutes. A physician# preferably an.eye specialist# should be called in attendance. 6113 22963 PROPANE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Density C3Hg Colorless gas or liquid 44.09 -104C 468C 2.10 to 9.50% -42.1C Liquid - 0.4928(25/4C) Gas - 1.562(air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 1000 ppm If high concentrations of Propane are inhaled, the effects will cause headaches, drowsiness, lack of coordination and muscular weakness. If the worker is not promptly re moved from exposure, loss of consciousness and death may result. Propane is considered a simple asphyxiant, and in higher concentrations has an anesthetic action. 2. Skin Contact No known problem. 3. Eve Contact In high concentrations of Propane the pupils of the eyes will become narrowed and inactive. 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information A person suffering from over-exposure to Propane vapors should be promptly removed to fresh air. If the breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be started at once. If oxygen apparatus, and a trained operator are available, the patient should be given oxygen. Ordinarily# removal of the patient to fresh air results in rapid recovery. 6113 22964 PROPYLENE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH3CHCH2 Colorless liquified gas 42.078 497 C 2.0 to 11.10% -47.7C 0.571 (18/4C) 1.5 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 4000 ppm If propylene gas is inhaled in high concentration, it tends to produce incoordination and anesthesia. If the worker is not promptly removed from exposure to high concentrations, death may result. If work is to be performed in very high concentrations of propylene gas, self-contained air breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact If liquid propylene contacts the skin, it will cause a freeze burn and irritation. 3. Eve Contact Even in high concentrations, propylene gas is not noticeably irritating to the eyes. However, contact of the eyes with liquid propylene or the compressed gas may cause burns as a result of refrigeration. If danger of contact with the liquid propylene or com pressed gas exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion No known problem. 6113 22965 PROPYLENE - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If the worker is overcome due to exposure to propylene, he should immediately be moved to fresh air where the symptoms will usually disappear rapidly. If breathing has stopped, institute artificial respiration at once. If oxygen equipment is available with a trained operator, oxygen may be administered. 6113 22966 PYRIDINE (AND PYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density ch(chch)2n Colorless liquid 79.1 20C 482 C 1.8 to 12.4% 115.6C 0.983 (20C/4C) 2.7 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 5 ppm If pyridine is inhaled in excessive quantities, it can cause nausea, headache, insomnia, nervous symptoms, low back pains and possible abdominal symptoms with urinary frequency. Continual exposure to subacute or chronic concentrations (50 to 125 ppm) can cause serious liver and kidney damage. Inhalation of high concentration can cause unconscious ness and death due to central nervous system depression. When the oxygen or pyridine concentrations are unknown, air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact Pyridine can be absorbed through the skin. It has irritating effects due to its drying action on the skin. 3. Eve Contact Pyridine can cause painful irritation if accidentally splashed into the eyes. If there is danger of splashing liquid into the eyes, full face type protective equipment should be worn. 6113 22967 PYRIDINE (AND PYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE) - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion If pyridine is swallowed, information shows that liver and kidney damage have been produced in animals and man. C. Medical Information If the worker is overcome from pyridine intoxication, he should be moved to fresh air immediately. If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration must be started. Call a physician into attendance. In the case of skin contact, the material- should be flushed from the skin with water, followed by washing with soap and water. If contact is made with the eyes, they should be flushed with copious amounts of fresh water for 15 minutes. Call a physician, preferably an eye specialist. 6113 22968 SODIUM DICHROMATE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Na2Cr207-2H20(69 to 70%) Orange to red crystalline deliquescent salt 282 None None None 120C B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 0.1 mg per cubic meter of air based on Cr03 content. Inhalation of sodium dichromate may cause irritation of the mucous membranes and can produce harmful effects. Respiratory irritation can produce symptoms resembling those of asthma.. Continuing irritation of the nose may lead to perforation of the nasal septum, an effect usually attended by little discomfort. If danger of inhaling the dust or mists exist, dust res pirators equipped with suitable filters should be used. 2. Skin Contact If sodium dichromate contacts the skin, it can cause local irritation, but is not absorbed through the skin. Contacts with breaks in the skin may cause "chrome sores," appearing as slow healing, hard-rimmed ulcers which leave the area vulnerable to infection as a secondary effect. If danger of contact exists while handling this compound, chemical gloves and aprons, and rubber or plastic sleeves should be worn. 3. Eve Contact 6113 22969 If sodium dichromate in dust or mist form enters the eyes, it will cause severe irritation and conjunctivitis. If there is a continuous danger of contact with the eyes, chemical safety goggles should be worn. SODIUM DICHROMATE - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion Ingestion of large quantities of dichromates by mouth can be fatal. Information is conflicting on fatal dosage and no definite value has been recognized. If swallowed, the material tends to act as its own emetic and purgative. If retained, stomach and kidney complications may ensue. These effects are extremely rare. C. Medical Information If sodium dichromate contacts the skin, the effected areas should immediately be washed with soap and water. The worker handling this material should always wash his hands and face before eating. His clothes should be changed frequently enough to avoid wearing contaminated clothes. The chemicals should not be allowed to get inside of work gloves or shoes. If the chemical contacts the eyes, they should be flushed with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Summon a physician, preferably an eye specialist. 6113 22970 SODIUM SULFITE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Na2S03 White crystalline salt 126 None None None Decomposes B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established If sodium sulfite is handled at decomposition tempera ture, SO2 gas will be liberated. In this case, consult data sheet on SO2. 2. Skin Contact It is not known to be absorbed through the intact skin. 3. Eye Contact If sodium sulfite contacts the eyes, minor irritation but no permanent damage would be expected. 4. Ingestion It is not a seriously toxic or hazardous substance, although ingestion of excessive quantities of sodium sulfite can be fatal. There is recorded in the literature, a fatal poisoning where 120 grams were ingested. This is a massive quan tity. C. Medical Information If a worker accidentally ingests excessive quantities of sodium sulfite, a physician should be called in attendance immediately. Treatment suggested consists of gastric lavage, saline cathartics, forced fluids, and symptomatic measures as may be indicated. If the material enters the eyes, they should be immediately irrigated for 15 minutes with running water. 6113 22971 STYRENE (SM) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density C6H5CH=CH2 Clear liquid 104.14 31C 490C 1.1 to 6.1% 145C 0.902 (25/4C) 3.6 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 50 ppm No serious effects can be expected from inhalation of styrene monomer in concentrations which can be tolerated by the worker. It is a moderate respiratory irritant. Workers exposed to concentrations below 500 ppm develop irritation of nose, throat, and lungs, accompanied by a cough in some instances. Exposure to this concentra tion will serve as a warning to excessive styrene expo sure. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concentra tion of styrene vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas mask may be worn. In high concentrations, self-contained air breathing apparatus would be the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact Repeated skin contact with SM may lead to the development of a rough, dry, and cracked skin dermatitis, because the natural skin oils are dissolved. 3. Eve Contact Styrene monomer is a moderate eye irritant. 4. Ingestion Not known. 6113 22972 STYRENE (SM) - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If a worker is overcome by acute SM poisoning, he should be moved to fresh air immediately. If breathing has ceased, start artificial respiration. Oxygen will usually furnish relief from coughing if apparatus and a trained operator are available. A physician should be called in attendance. If contact is made with the skin, the affected areas should be thoroughly washed with soap and water. If contact is made with the eyes, they should be irrigated with copious amounts of fresh water for a' period of 15 minutes. If styrene monomer is swallowed, an emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water is indicated. 6113 22973 SULFUR A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point S Yellow molten or crystalline solid 32 207C (Dust suspensions are also flammable) 232C Lower limit for dust is 35 mg/1 445 C B Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established Sulfur in the solid state is no problem. However, in the molten state, exposed to air, it liberates both sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide which are toxic. The threshold limit of the products in air is 5 ppm. Sulfur dioxide is a respiratory irritant that warns the individual of its presence. Dioxide.) (See Data Sheet on Sulfur The worker handling solid sulfur should wear a dust type respirator. When working with sulfur in the molten state, self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn if high concentrations of vapors are present. 2. Skin Contact Sulfur is a mild irritant and unnecessary contact of sulfur dust with the skin should be avoided. The worker handling molten sulfur where exposure is possible should wear gloves. 3. Eve Contact Sulfur in the dust form would be primarily an eye irritant. When handling this material in the dust form, chemical safety goggles should be worn for greater worker comfort. 6113 22974 SULFUR - PAGE 2 4. Ingestion No known problem. C. Medical Information If sulfur dust contacts the skin, it should be removed by the use of soap and water. Molten sulfur burns should be referred to first aid or a physician. In case molten sulfur enters the eyes, they should be irri gated immediately with copious quantities of plain water for 15 minutes. A physician, preferably an eye specialist, should be called in attendance. 6113 22975 SULFUR DIOXIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density S02 Colorless liquefied gas 64.07 Non-flammable None None -10 C 1.434 (liquid) at 0C 2.3 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 5 ppm The inhalation of sulfur dioxide gas affects chiefly the upper respiratory tract and bronchi, it may cause edema of the lungs or glottis and can produce respira tory paralysis. The irritating effects of 5 ppm concentration is not sufficient to provide ample warning. Fifty to one hundred ppm is considered the maximum permissible amount for 30 to 60 minutes exposure, while 400 to 500 ppm is immediately dangerous to life. The worker is not likely to enter concentrations high enough to be immediately harmful. If an atmosphere of very high concentrations must be entered, self-contained air breathing apparatus would be the equipment of choice. 2. Skin Contact If sulfur dioxide liquid contacts the skin, it will cause an irritant affect in a few minutes due to the produced freezing effect. If danger of contact with the skin exists, chemical gloves should be worn. 6113 22976 SULFUR DIOXIDE - PAGE 2 3. Eye Contact If sulfur dioxide liquid contacts the eyes, it will cause burns to the eye tissues due to the freezing effect. If there is danger of the liquid entering the worker's eyes, a full face type mask should be worn. 4. Ingestion Due to the nature of sulfur dioxide, it is not likely to be swallowed by a worker. If swallowed, and the worker is unconscious, do not attempt'to give anything by mouth. C. Medical Information If a worker is overcome by sulfur dioxide vapor, he should be removed to fresh air immediately. If breathing has ceased, commence giving artificial respiration immediately. If oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are available, start administering oxygen. Summon a physician immediately. If liquid has entered the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with copious amounts of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. A physician, preferably an eye specialist, should be called in attendance. If liquid has contacted the body, the worker should be re moved to a safety shower immediately. Remove clothes while under the safety shower, and wash all effected areas with large amounts of soap and water. 6113 22977 SULFURIC ACID A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density h2so4 Clear, colorless to cloudy 98 None None None 330C 1.834 (20C/4C) 3.4 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 1 mg/m3 of air Inhalation of concentrated vapor or mist from hot acid or oleum will cause damage to the upper respiratory tract and even to the lung tissue proper. Sulfuric acid mists in concentrations in excess of 1 mg/m3 are easily recog nized by most observers, while a concentration of 5 mg/m3 is distinctly objectionable'. If the concentration is maintained below that which causes coughing, choking or severe discomfort in persons unaccustomed to these fumes, no injury is to be expected. Air supplied breathing apparatus is the equipment of choice. A universal gas mask may be used if the contami nated atmosphere is known to contain at least 16 per cent oxygen and less than 2 per cent sulfuric acid. 2. Skin Contact Sulfuric acid produces severe burns and rapid destruction of all body tissues with which it comes in contact. Re peated contact with dilute solutions may cause dermatitis. Chemical gloves and rubber boots should be worn while handling sulfuric acid. The use of a rubber acid suit is sometimes recommended. Water in ample quantity should be available immediately. 6113 22978 SULFURIC ACID - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Contact with the eyes very rapidly causes severe damage which may be followed by total loss of sight. Chemical safety goggles should be worn if danger of con tact exists. 4. Ingestion Swallowing may cause severe injury or death. Ingestion causes burns of the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. C. Medical Information Immediate removal by the use of large amounts of water is urgent. All contaminated clothing must be removed immedi ately. This can best be accomplished while the man is under the safety shower. If even minute quantities enter the eyes, they should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Oxygen has been found useful in the treatment of sulfuric acid inhalation exposure. Do not attempt to induce vomiting in patients who have swallowed strong solutions of acid. If patient is conscious, have him wash out his mouth and then drink large amounts of water immediately. A physician should be called immediately. 6113 22979 TANNIC ACID (GALLOTANNIN, GALLOTANNIC ACID OR PENTA-n-DIGALLOYL GLUCOSE) A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Melting Point c76H52046 Yellowish-white to light brown bulky powder or flakes 1701 199C (open cup) 537C Not a serious fire hazard 200C B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established Inhalation of tannic acid appears remote. it would not be a serious irritant. In any event, 2. Skin Contact It is not a serious irritant. 3. Eve Contact It is not a serious irritant. 4. Ingestion Tannic Acid is only slightly toxic by ingestion (oral LDioo in mice: 6 grams per kilogram). C. Medical Information If a worker has swallowed a large quantity of tannic acid, consult a physician immediately. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is suggested to the physician. 6113 22980 TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density TiCl4 Colorless to light yellow liquid 189.73 None None None 135.7C 1.726 6.5 (air * 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established TiCl4 should be considered to have the same toxic proper ties as Hydrogen Chloride (HCl). 2. Skin Contact Skin contact with TiCl4 should be treated first by removal of contaminated clothing and wiping away excess material from the skin. Only after as much of the material as possible has been removed from contact with the skin should water be applied, and then in large amounts for sufficient time to wash away all residual acid. 3. Eye Contact Same as for Hydrogen Chloride (HCl). 4. Ingestion Same as for Hydrogen Chloride (HCl). C. Medical Information Precautions, first aid and treatment and handling of TiCl4, should be the same as for Hydrogen Chloride (HCl). 6113 22981 TOLUENE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density c6h5ch3 Colorless liquid 92.13 4C 552C 1.17 to 7.10% 110.6C 0.967 (20/4C) 3.14 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - 200 ppm Inhalation of toluene vapors in high concentrations will cause headache, vomiting, and disturbance of equilibrium. Loss of consciousness is only rarely encountered. Long-continued exposure to toluene is followed by headache, giddiness, insomnia, nervous irritability, and inability to work. Toluene is a more powerful narcotic and is more toxic acutely than benzene. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen tration of toluene vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact Toluene may enter the body by absorption through the skin and will have the same effects as inhalation of the vapors. Dermatitis may result from repeated skin contact. If danger of contact exists when handling toluene, chemical gloves should be worn. 3. Eve Contact Although the literature does not indicate that toluene is extremely hazardous to the eyes, it probably would cause irritation and possible damage. 22982 TOLUENE - PAGE 2 3. Eye Contact (cont'd) If danger of contact with the eye exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion Not known. C. Medical Information If a worker is overcome by inhalation of toluene vapors, he should be removed to an uncontaminated atmosphere at once, if breathing has ceased, start artificial respira tion at once. Otherwise, no special therapy will be necessary as toluene is rapidly metabolized and excreted. A physician should be called in attendance. If toluene contacts the skin, all clothing should be removed and the exposed areas should be washed with soap and water. If toluene enters the eyes, they should be flushed with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Summon a physician (preferably an eye specialist). If toluene is swallowed, an emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water is indicated. 6113 22983 VINYL ACETATE A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density CH3COOCH:CH2 Clear liquid 86.1 5C (open cup) 427C 2.6 to 13.496 73C 0.9338 (20/20C) 2.97 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation; Threshold Limit Value - Not established There is no known effects of the inhalation of VAM except where oxygen reatriction occurs leaving insuf ficient oxygen to sustain life. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent concen tration of VAM and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas masks may be used. In unknown concentrations, air supplied or contained respira tory protection must be worn. 2. Skin Contact VAM can cause a defatting-type dermatitis if repeated and prolonged contact with the skin occurs. 3. Eve Contact VAM can cause irritation to the eyes if accidental ex posure to the liquid occurs. If a job requires the prolonged handling of liquid, there is possibility of splashing action, chemical safety goggles should be worn. and 4 . Ingestion Information is not known on the effects of ingested VAM. 6113 22984 VINYL ACETATE - PAGE 2 C. Medical Information If the worker has experienced severe exposure, he f-.cuj.c be removed to fresh air immediately. If breathing has stopped, artificial respiration should be started at oro=. Summon a physician. If liquid VAM has entered the eyes, they should be promptly washed with copious amounts of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. Eyes should be irrigated for vapor in the same manner as for liquid. Medical attention should :oe ob tained in either case of contact with the eyes. An emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water is suggested. 6113 22985 VINYL ACETYLENE (BOTH MONO AND DIVINYL ACETVT.'BTTr) A, Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density MVA - CH2CHC*.CCH DVA - CH2CHC|CCHCH2 MVA - Colorless gas DVA - Colorless liquid MVA - 52 DVA - 78.1 MVA - 5C DVA - 83.5C MVA - 0.709 (0/0C) DVA - 0.786 (20/4C) MVA - 1.8 (air = 1.0) DVA - 2.7 (air 1.0) B. Hvcrienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control Threshold Limit Value - Not established The real hazard in handling these compounds is from fire and possible explosion. The health hazards are similar to those of acetylene. Consult the data sheet on Acetylene for health effects and first aid. 6113 22986 xyt.emk A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Explosive Limits by Volume in Air Boiling Point Specific Gravity Density C6H4(CH3)2 Clear liquid 106 17C (closed cup) 529C 1 to 7% 139.1C 0.864 3.7 (air = 1.0) B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - 100 ppm The inhalation of high concentration of xylene results primarily in central nervous system depression, headache, confusion and morbid sensa tion. These symptoms commonly appear at the end of the day's work indicating some delay in their ,, development. No fatalities have been reported. Extreme cases show marked giddiness and in some cases, loss of consciousness followed by fatigue, anxiousness, palpitation, shivering and labored breathing. In atmospheres containing less than 2 per cent con centration of xylene vapors and no less than 16 per cent oxygen, organic vapor canister type gas masks may be used. 2. Skin Contact The absorption of xylene through the skin is insig nificant, but skin irritation is more serious than from either benzene or toluene. Repeated contact with the skin will cause a flaky dermatitis and should be avoided. If danger of contact with the skin exists, chemical gloves should be worn. 6113 22987 XYLENE - PAGE 2 3. Eve Contact Xylene liquid and vapors can cause a severe and some times chronic eye irritation. This irritation to the eyes of the worker at vapor concentrations of over 100 ppm is an excellent warning of excessive vapor concen trations. Chemical safety goggles should be worn when danger of contact exists. 4. Ingestion Not known. C. Medical Information If the worker is overcome from xylene vapor, remove him to fresh air and call a physician immediately. If the worker is unconscious, start giving artificial respiration. In the case of shallow breathing or cyanosis (blueness of the skin, lips, ears, or fingernail beds) give the patient oxygen if oxygen apparatus and a trained operator are avail able. If xylene contacts the body, the contaminated clothing should be removed immediately. All affected areas should be washed thoroughly with soap and water. If liquid xylene enters the eyes, they should be flushed with copious amounts of fresh water for at least 15 minutes. Summon a physician, preferably an eye specialist. For ingestion, an emetic of lukewarm salt or soapy water is suggested. 6113 22988 ZINC ACETATE A. Properties Formula Appearance Molecular Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Density Zn(C2H302)2 Colorless crystalline powder 183.5 242 C Sublimes in vacuum 1.84 B. Hygienic Hazards and Their Recommended Control 1. Inhalation: Threshold Limit Value - Not established Zinc acetate is not a toxic material, although if inhaled accidentally, it will cause severe stomach discomfort. If there is danger of the worker inhaling the dust of this material, a dust type respirator should be worn. 2. Skin Contact Zinc acetate is not known to be a bad skin irritant? however, it should not be allowed to remain on the skin for extended periods of time. 3. Eve Contact Zinc acetate is somewhat corrosive to the eyes. If danger of contact with the eyes exists, chemical safety goggles should be worn. 4. Ingestion If zinc acetate is accidentally swallowed, it will cause vomiting and purging, intense pain in the abdomen and symptoms of corrosive poisoning. Trace amounts are sometimes added to animal feeds. 6113 22989