Document 96dKjwnEMxpM91ZNRDD6rM13

NWBB-0807651 Industrial Hygiene Digest (Ind. Hygiene Foundation; (Initial & Forward) T. Lyle Hazlett, 14.D. ~V Indusi Miss_Be]J_ (Review) T. Lyle Hazlett, M.D. (file) Hitelatuie Gbshacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL - - decisions and trends $ndu$t\ial Health hews Digest /himi Monthly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. OSH8200 NMBB-000765? Industrial Hygiene Digest 0 SliUlaluU Ctkstlacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING S' LEGAL * - - decisions and trends tfnckisfaial flealtlt hews <: - /nwd Monthly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 03I1S200 f w. FOUNDATION FACTS Vol. 5. July, 1943 Foundation Facts Is a monthly new*.letter issued to industrial concerns holding membership in Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation s a combined research and service institution to protect the health of workers in industry. H. B. Meller Dr. H. B. Meller, formerly managing director of Industrial Hygiene Foun dation and a world authority on air pollution and smoke prevention, died in a Pittsburgh hospital on Sunday evening, June 7. He was 65 years old. Burial was made at Altoona, Pa., on July 1. Formerly Dean of the School of Mines at the University of Pittsburgh, Dr. Meller had headed Mellon Institute's air pollution investigation since 1923. He became managing director of Industrial Hygiene Foundation when the organization was formed in 1935 and directed the Foundation until last September when failing health forced him to relinquish active management. He had continued as a Consultant* His direction accounted in a large measure to the upbuilding of the Foundation, during its formative years. Through his work at Mellon Institute for two decades, Dr. Meller became known internationally as a specialist on air pollution. Also, through these efforts, Pittsburgh adopted an anti-smoke ordinance which became a model for other cities throughout the country. He headed Pittsburgh's Bureau of Smoke Regulation from 1920 to 1938. As an indication of his contribution to air hygiene, and at a time when the field was little known, Dr. Meller published some 30 articles and was senior author cf a dozen other articles written with associates. These were exclusive of the scores of papers which he presented before distinguished groups through the years, including such organizations as the New York Academy of Medicine, the Franklin Institute, the American Chemical Society, the American Public Health Asso ciation and the National Safety Council. Bom in Altoona, Dr. Meller first went to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a clerk. In 1900 he became dork and later secretary of the faculty of the-Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. After attending the University and the Michigan College of Mines he joined the University of Pittsburgh facility as an instructor in 1910. He became Dean of the School of Mines in 1914 and held that position until 1923 when he came to Mellon Institute. 03118231 INDUSTRIAL HVQlCNC FOUNDATION 4.00 FIFTH AVENUE FITTF" July, 1943. Vol. VII. c5) No. 7. j'O*' Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. SsOa l INDUSTRIAL HTGIENB DIGEST Literature and News News Items *>; 0 642 Hydrogen From Water At Fires. Bulletin 166 by the Committee on Fire Prevention and Engineering Stand the National Board of Fire Underwriters discusses the formation of hydro water decomposition by fires. The danger of hydrogen accmulating i*. cal. The gas burns as fast as it is formed. The almost instantisoqg tion of a large volume of steam has often been mistaken for a plosion. 643 Safety Equipment. The March issue of National Safety News is devoted entirely to safety egttJgMrt, -Several signed articles of a general nature are followed by brief umMM discussions of various mechanical and hygienic safety features, olattflt is the following general sections: (1) personal protection; 12) mechanlstl.sylp* meat; (3) fire and plant protection; (4) first aid and medloal serAeai tr Mtttary equipment and supplies, and (6) miscellaneous services and problflMM The subsections on "Respiratory Protective Equipment" under the first beading, cat "Industrial Ventilation" under the second, wore given brief notices is the June Digest, and Sections 4 and 5 are briefly abstracted in this number, ffcft satire Issue, however, Is worth reading for a summary of a complete-safety plea 644 Flammable or Inflcncaablo? There has always been a certain amount of confusion when gasoline or otftNr sol* vents are referred to as inflammable materials. When we refer to a substance as being incombustible, we mean that it will not easily burn, whereas, ettMb has established the use of the word "inflammable" to mean something that SOgpb easily be Ignited. In Webster's Dictionary, the words "inflaaaable* and *IUi defined as follows: Inflammable - capable of being easily set on Art) easily enkindled; combustible. Flammable - capable of being easily ignited; igfisMMhle* In order to clarify this terminology, the National Fire Protection Association has recommended that we eliminate the use of the word "inflatable** Th* recom mend that the word FLAMMABLE be used to indicate ready combustibility aat JBBFLAMMABLE for materials which are not easily ignited or set on Are* It is rather difficult to change our habits, but in the future we should refer to materials as being either FLAMMABLE or NON-FLAMMABLE to assist in establishing a proper under standing of the characteristics of certain matorials. -- j.C. Bernes, Safety Sews, Vtostinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company. 03U88*j3 y F' *5 0 ,,< = J-' Indus-trial Hygiene Digest -2. ^ 3 645 What1s Wrong With Safety Training. In the nhelp wanted" columns of a daily paper the following jobs were advertized^ recently: Production engineer - $450; Mechanical engineer - $400; Safety engin* eer - $175. Alfred M. Cooper in the February issue of "Engineering For Safety" s asks if there is a direct correlation between the discrepancy in salary and the new all time high accident rate experienced by industry? As a rule, we get what we pay for, in merchandise or manpower. In today's labor market one cannot ob tain a good safety engineer for $175 per month, nor for any figure within double that amount. - Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor, !, 51 (April, 1943). 645 Coramic Tubes in Dust Collectors. To save steel, the Prat-Denial Corp., Port Chester, N. Y., is constructing tubes of special fire clay in Themix ceramic tubular dust collectors. These tubes are sufficiently thick and rugged to be proof against fracture and breakage from normal handling or from changes in temperature, yet they weigh no more than steel. The ceramic tubes are mounted in a concrete or bride casing above con crete bins, entirely eliminating the use of steel. - Chen. & Eng. News, 21. (March 25, 1943). 647 Federal Government Safeguards Working Youth. Safeguards for the health, welfare, and education of American youth whose vices are being demanded by the war program have been advanced by a stat policy just approved by the War Manpower Commission. This policy, fozsul cooperation with the Children1 s Bureau of the 17. S. Department of Labor matters relating to the enforcement of school attendance and o the employment of youth under 18 years of age, provision for tbs program of those who take employment, transportation of young people to work and assurance that suitable living conditions are available if ths quires that young people live away from home. The policy also states that aay youth interested in work In another area should first register tor the nearest local office of the D. S. Employment Service or snob other may be designated by the War Manpower Commission* After presenting parental consent, he will be referred to a specific job opening where hr lawfully employed, and where there are suitable arrangsments fbr honrtngj Labor Inf. Bull., March, 1943. 648 Safety and Health Efforts Aid in Greater Production. Some examples of the activities of agents of the National Ccmittee fm the Go*, serration of Manpower in War Industries are . the uncovering of hassrds to health and safety of workers. New England Industrial landmarks, now centers of ffg--ail activity, were badly in need of repair. A high labor turnover la a plagl mat* facturing aay tents was found to be due to illness caused by the solves* used on the cloth* The formula was discontinued. Pzovisions for a noon meal ware made in a shoe factory, whose employees had become 111 from eating hot dogs at the only available eating place. Two illustrations of the mdt of tha Osittts# in promoting safety programs are given* -- Labor Inf. Bull*, March, 649 War Industries Urged to Save Workers1 Eyesight. Industrial concerns should give much more attention to workers' oyeaigM* *aot only for humane reasons, but to increase production, to reduce spoilage, and to add manpower," C.P. Tolman, consulting engineer for the National Society ttr the Prevention of Blindness, declares. At least one fourth of industrial woricars, he estimates, have defective, but correctible, vision* More than three fourths of 50 typical plants studied make no effort to deteaina what visual requirements are necessary or acceptable to qualify a worker for any particular' job* These plants do not know how many men with defective vision can be utilised, while, on 03118293 P HWBB-bB076t>6 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 the other hand, they may he employing men wtose vision is a hazard o\ ular job* For example, a crane operator who could sot judge the helg ment of a crane load would be a menace to life and property, whereas o which hie eyesight is suited, be could carry on safely and effectively. Science News Letter, (March 13, 1943). ^ 650 Reducing Blackout Hazards. Nov/ developments plus experience gained during the past year are helping reduce the hazards of blackouts and dim-outs and are making these protective measures more effective, according to S.G. Eibben, noted lighting authority. Mr. Hibben, who is director of applied lighting at the Westinghouse Lamp Division, Bloomfield, N. J., predicted a greater reduction in the accident toll during blackouts and dim-outs once full advantage Is taken of modern lighting and safety devices* HWe have learned much about blackout technique during the pest year," he declar ed. "...It is quite possible to have a complete exterior blackout without sacri ficing adequate interior illumination in home or factory*" "...In case of air raids -- people should be prepared to carry on vital work without interruption..." Present day industrial architecture represents the ideal In industrial pmtantUm It provides such important features as windowless construction, shatterproof ' 0 glass, minium of sky lights, neutral exterior coloring, and light interior ing. "Sven in older industrial plants not so equipped, it is possible to such protection by making full use of the most modern lighting and safety! devices..." One of the most interesting develop&enta in hlftokout t*chni< been that of phosphorescent and fluorescent materials. Mr. HtbbSB use of luminous markers and signs to denote exits, doors and fi also described its use on clothing and automobile exteriors, phorescent coatings may be used to outline door knobs, switch**, ings, paths to air raid shelters and in many other locations* -- Building Man., April, 1943. 651 Protein Allergy Attacks Workers in Castor Plants* A now danger to the health of workers in an important war indugtgy was before the Detroit meeting of the American Chemical Society Ip tan <C r ment of Agriculture research men, J.R. Spies and S.J* Coulees, FtA* is the extraction of castor oil, now needed in huge quantities far recoil cylinders of heavy guns, and other important uses, lookers pomace or pulp left after the oil has been extracted sometimes develop and other allergic symptoms. Sven when ricin, a deadly protein peiSPa removed, the pomace is still capable of causing allergic reaetiotfk 9 discovered allergy-producing protein is, as yet, known only by a sat sk CB.-1A. Something closely resaabling it In chemical and plyslologieel |fOfhyki*e has also been isolated from cotton seed. -- Science Nova Letter, 652 Health Hazard. It is essential that all persons engaged in the business of plating, manufacturing or distributing utenslla azri equipment which j indirectly in contact with food or drink be again warned concerning thn to public health involved in the use of deleterious metals in thin The Sanitary Code of the City of Hew York definitely prohibit* the lead or other deleterious metals in the construction of food Unljwt okfrlSfc*' sils. A simple field test for the rapid detection of cadmlus is eVmllaflA? hpo* request at the office of the Bureau of Food and Drugs, Department of Xealtfc of the City of New York. -- Products Finishing, 7, 55 (May, 1943). 0311SSS4 w: P Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4 Legal Developments W>' Soaaisss3s as 653 Tuberculosis Keactivated. Whether Accidental Injury Accelerated Disease* This is an appeal in a compensation from a judgaent sustaining a demurrer to the petition and dismissing the suit. Petitioner, a man twenty-nine years of age, was suffering from tuberculosis contracted some time bofore his employment by the Procter & Gamble Company, insured by the Travelers, but which it was alleged had been arrested prior to his employment and that, as the result of inhaling gaseous fumes and fine particles of dust thrown out in the operation of the de partment in which he worked, the old scars or lesions left on his lungs had been disturbed and broken and the disease re-activated. The trial Judge was of opin ion that petitioner was suffering from a disease, not the result of accident. To be within the Compensation Act the injury must be "unforeseen, unexpected and fortuitous. An element of unexpected casualty must be present." In the instant case the resultant condition of which petitioner complains could not, it would seem, have been unexpected. On the contrary, it was a natural and foreeaebls result. The court is constrained to agree with the trial Judge that the declar ation failed to state a case of liability in that no accidental injury id them. to have resulted in either causing or accelerating the disease from whiclrlt Is alleged petitioner is suffering. The judgment la affiaaed. Johqpm m Trave lers Insurance Co. Tenn. Supreme Ct. Decided May 8, 1943. (CCH)* - V * 54 Death of Sand-Blaster Resulting Prom inhaling Silica Sand Dust. Prejudicial Error in Instruction to Jury. The death of plaintiff's decedent was allegedly due to the negligence of defend ant in failing to provide decedent with a safe place in which to pexfoat hia worir,~ and failing to provide him with proper equipment to protect Mm from inhaling silica sand dust and particles, while employed by defendant as a sandblaster, whereby he contracted the disease of silicosis, which culminated In hia death* Defendant in his answer affirmatively alleged that It complied with its duty to the deceased by furnishing him with the properly equipped respirator; but It was further alleged that decedent refused to wear the respirator, by reason of which he ccntractod the disease resulting in his death. The court rendered Judges* for plaintiff. The grounds urged for a reversal are: (1) Erroneous instruc tion No. 1 given to the jury, and (2), that the defendant's motion for a peremp tory instruction should have been sustained, on the ground that the evidence show ed conclusively that deceased refused to wear the respirator while he was staged in his work. Instruction No. 1 still contained grounds upon which the jury could return a vordict against defendant, although it did furnish an efficient respirator and defendant wore it while at work. Such su&bissions to the jury constituted false and immaterial issues, which instruction So. 2, did not ellain' ate. The testimony on the issues of defendant's failure to furnish an effi cient respirator or on the issue of defendant's failure to appropriate it when performing his work did not creato such a failure of proof as to reader a find ing by the jury either way as being flagrantly against the evidence so as to re quire the giving of a peremptory instruction. The error in instruction Ho. 1, as above pointed out, was prejudicially erroneous, requiring a reversal of the judgment, and it is so ordered, with directions to set it aside and for proceed ings consistent with this opinion. Peerless Manufacturing Corporation v. Mackey. Ky. Ct. of App. Decided May 7, 1943. (CCH). 03118295 r--n 0 "1? r\ Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 oo 655 Scissors Buffer Breathes Mineral Dust, Aggravation of Pre-Ezlsting BronchiectacS sis.__Disability. Sufficient Evidence for Award. Sjj Appellant's appeal is from the judgment of the circuit court affirming an award by the Commission in favor of appellee. Appellee, who suffered from a cough, so considerable expectoration, soreness'of his lungs, dryness and heat sensations ** in the bronchial tubes, loss of weight, and pain in his shoulder and bach, work-?5 od in the buffing department where minute particles of the lime and nickel make a cloud of dust which fills the room and he became disabled by aggravating a pre existing condition of bronchiectasis. Appellant contends that there was not sufficient competent evidence in the record to sustain the finding of facts made by the commission. Medical testimony has shown that the air which appellee was forced to breathe while doing his work was strongly impregnated with mineral dust which aggravated a diseased condition of his bronchial tubes, and resulted in disability. Judajacnt affiuaed. Solid Steel Scissors Company v. Kennedy. Ark. Supreme Ct. Decided May 31, 1943. (CCH). ~ 656 Death From Tuberculosis Following Contraction of Silicosis. Liability of Employ er. Propriety cf Instructions. Admissibility and Exclusion of Evidence. Offi cials' Non-Liability. Cobum was employed by defendant as a ''grinder" in the manufacture of refractory brick. Cobum developed silicosis, and he died from tuberculosis. Cobum's ad ministratrix brought suit for his death, alleging that it had been directly and proximately caused by the negligence of the defendants. The court below Over ruled the Company's motion for a directed verdict, but sustained a similojJ motion on behalf of the individual defendants, officials in the plant. The Jury, how ever, found for the Company, and this appeal is from the judgment diadlstiag the petition. As grounds for a reversal, appellant contends, inter alia, that the Court erred in its sixth instruction to the jury; in rejecting material competent evidence offered by the appellant, and in admitting incompetent evidence offered by the Company; and in directing a verdict for the individual defendants, Lolghow and Cartrcll. Instruction No. 6, stated that death was directly caused by tuberculosis. But the jury was told not to find for plaintiff unless it found that silicosis was the proximate cause of tho tuberculosis which caused his death, and that "Proof that silicosis predisposes to tuberculosis end that the decedent might not have had tuberculosis if he had not contracted silicosis, is net sufficient of itself to establish that the silicosis was the proximate cause cf the tuberculosis." The court holds that there was no error in the instruction. Appellants insisting that the quoted sentence was tantamount to an instruction to find for appellees. Since most of tho medical testimony went no further than to establish that silicosis predisposes to tuberculosis, appellees were entitled to have tho jury cautioned that such testimony "of itself," which phrase is equiv alent to "standing alone," was not sufficient to supply tho necessary link in the chain of causation. The preponderance of testimony was to the effect that Cobum's silicosis was in the first, or, at most, the second of the three or four stagos into which the authorities usually attempt to divide it, and was, of it self, not sufficient in intensity to seriously disable him, much less, cause his death. As for the excluded testimony, its exclusion was not prejtdiotal to appellant, since he obtained tho full benefit of the testimony that the great majority of persons who contracted silicosis subsequently developed tuberculosis. With respect to the medical testimony admitted over the objection of appellant, and relating to dust conditions at the plant, in cases of this magnitude, espe cially where the conditions giving rise to the claimed Injuries and the nature of these injuries arc obscure, tho testimony, if the truth is to be ascertained, must be allowed tc tako a wide range. This court cannot say that the testimony complained of was incompetent, or its admission prejudicial to appellant's sub stantial rights. The proof for appellant does not show acts or omissions on 03118296 f tr Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 ra. the part of the individual appellees which would render them personally liable^ There was much evidence indicating that at least good faith efforts had been made by the Company to comply with the Statutes requiring the installation of a draft and suction apparatus to remove the dust. Judgment affirmed. CobumS v. North American Refractories Co,, et- al. Ky. Ct. of Appeals. Docided June * 25, 1943. (CChI. 657 Partial Disability from Silicosis Not Compensable. Total Disability Resulting After One-Year Statutory Period Also Not Compensable. This is an appeal by an employer and its insurance carrier from an award of the State Industrial Board in favor of claimant for total disability compensation covering the period from May 24, 1941 to December 25, of the same year. Claim ant, an iron chippor, employed by the appellant, filed a claim in June, 1936, for compensation in which he stated that ho terminated his employment on December 16, 1937. He was examined on July 26, 1938, and found to be partially disabled due to silicosis. The referee disallowed the claim on the ground that partial disability as a result of silicosis is not compensable and the Industrial Board subsequently affirmed the referee's decision. On claimant's application tho case was later reopened, and on October 10, 1941, claimant was found to be total ly disebled. The referee made the award under review which was subsequently affirmed by the Industrial Board. It Is undisputed that claimant ceased work on December 16, 1937 and in its decision the Industrial Board found that she last injurious oxposure occurred on that date. The Board also found that claimant became disabled as a result of silicosis on or about Decsaber 16, 1937 &g| on or about July 26, 1938. The record contains no evidence whatsoever to sqMQCft the finding of total disability as a result of silicosis on Decaiber 16 Jflpfc Claim ant is not entitled to benefits for the reason that the alleged totalJMtbllity did not result until approximately three years and five months after the date of the last exposure. Claimant is in a very unfortunate situation* There oaa be no doubt that he is now permanently disabled as a result of silioosis* The record_ discloses that he has not been employed in any gainful occupation since he ceased' to work for this employer. In view of the findings of the Board, however, this court is powerless to aid him. It may be that if given the opportunity he nay be able to submit proof as to the permanency of his disability within the statu tory period of one year from the date of the last exposure* Award reversed* Matter of Rapkiewic2. N.Y. Supreme Ct*, App. Div., 3rd Dept* Decided at April Tern, 1943 (CCH). 658 Silicosis ?r<ffi Breathing Linostone Dust Ovor Long Period of Tin* m CcBDens- able Injury. Appellee, Phillips, filed his application for compensation against appellant, Kentucky Stone Company, with the Wortmen's Compensation Board, claiming that he "suffered permanent impairment of bis lungs and body by reasons breathing lime stone dust.* The application was apparently based on the contraction ot silico sis. The Board overruled the referee's ruling that there was e mipcmnhlc In jury and dismissed the claim. Tho court trial held that the case should be r^ manded to the Board. This appeal follows. Appellee, while employed for 15 years in appellant's quarries, inhaled limestone dust and dust from Mary wheels* On a day in 1936, he got very hot, and went up on top of the crusher where be breathed limestone dust and cooled off quickly, started choking up, caught cold and could hardly breathe. He was off from work for several days, and lost over 50 pounds. Even if the court assumes that breathing of dust causes physical injury to the lungs of sane people, and that the breathing of the dust over a period of years by the appellee resulted in trawaatic injury to him, there yet remains the question whether such Injury was accidental within tbs meaning of the statute. It seems incongruous to say that an Injury caused by breathing dust over a period of years is an accidental injury* To hold suoh an injury accidental r Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 7 *ve. CS would practically nullify the statute in this regard and open the door to com- pensation of occupational diseases, a result clearly not contemplated by the statute. The Board correctly denied compensation and disnissed the cleim even S though the evidence may be said to have established that the claimant was suffe2 ing with a disease which was in fact attributable to his employment, 3ince such disease was not compensable. Reversed with directions to set aside the order remanding the case to the Board and to enter judgment affirming the Board's find ing. Kentucky Stone Co. v. Phillips at al. Ky. Ct. of Appeals. Decided Juno 4, 19431(CCH). 59 Blacksmith Injured by Breathing Fumes Caused by Acids Used in Course of Employ ment. ^Inhalation of Vapors as Constituting Accidental Injury Within Act. Statutory Requirement of Written Notice Excusable by Commission. Respondent was employed by petitioner as a blacksmith helper. On the date of the alleged injury, he was in the blacksmith shop using cyanized gas and acids. The mixture reached boiling point and strong fumes and flame came from and around the mixture. The fumes, flame and smoke shot up in his face. Respondent alleged that by breathing then, he .sustained his injury. The Workmen's Com pensation Law is not confined to cases of traumatic injuryi inhalation of vapors, Q) gas or dust may constitute an accidontal injury. The medical testimony sustained the finding of the Commission that there was an accidental injury and resulting disability. It was next argued that there was a failure to comply witfc the statute as to giving the statutory written notice. The statutory writtoainctice nay be excused by the Commission. The Commission entered its finding that tbs petitioner was not prejudiced by a failure to give the statutory writtea lotiee and there is competent evidence to sustain such finding. Award sustained. The Bagle-Picher Mining & Smelting Company v. Loyd, et al. Okla. Suprae Ct. Decided June 1, 1943)7(CCH}. Book Reviews 660 National Fire Codes for the Prevention of Dust Explosions. National Fir# Protec tion Assoc., 0 Batterymarch St., Boston, Mass. 160 pp. (1943). $1.00. This is the latest contribution of the Committee on Dust Explosion Hazards of the National Fire Protection Association. The committee was fozmod in 1922 in cooper ation with the U. S, Department of Agriculture, and has fmotioned continuously to date. In 1926, the Committee became s sectional comittoe of the American Standards Association. The Codes include a section on fundamental principles for the prevention of dust explosions and separate sections on the following dusts: alixainum bronze powder, coal, flour and feeds, pulverized fuels, spices, starch, sugar and cocoa, sulfur, grain (elevators and storage), and wood. The use of inert gas for preventing ezplosions is also described. The records of dust explosions in the United States up to September 1, 1942 are also presented. 661 Physiology in Aviation. C.L, Gcmnill. C.C. Thomas, Publisher, 220 2. Monroe St., Springfield, 111. 124 pp. (1943). b2.00. An elementary treatment of physiology prepared primarily for aviators, covering mechanics of respiration, oxygenation of the blood, normally and at high alti tudes, acceleration effects, etc. For industrial hygienists interested in the subject it would serve only as ax easily read introduction to the subject. There is no bibliography, 03118298 p sr- /-"S\ - 1 rv : 0 W- <0 = Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 8 Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects vO s 0033 662 Epidemiologic Aspects of Anthrax in Massachusetts* I.R. Tabershaw and G.E. Morris. New England I. Med. 228. 92-93 (January 21, 1943.) It appears to be impossible to destroy anthrax at its source. Sporadic cases of native origin will always occur. It is extremely difficult to disinfect hides and skins. The anthrax spore undoubtedly survives the first two or three pro cesses in tanning -- that is, washing, fleshing and lining -- but probably can not survive the entire process. No significant improvement in the method of killing anthrax spores has been evolved in the last twenty years; and even if it were possible to disinfect hides and skins, it is doubtful whether this would be warranted, especially at the present time. Therefore the method of control must be chiefly one of education and sanitary precaution until the hides have passed through the tanning process. The more severe cases and the most frequent deaths have occurred in truckmen and longshoremen, who are not aware of the posslhllitle of this infection, and who neglect to report for treatment early* The prompt diagnosis and treatment in tannery workers seem in large measure responsible for the lessened mortality and morbidity among them* Physicians treating am eutaaeous infection in a tannery worker or truckman should bear in mind the mMftHit of anthrax and should culture material from the lesion* In ordwv.tt. disease in cheok effectively, an educational program must be truckmen, tannery workers, longshoremen and all others who taA? flJHHi hides, from their arrival in this country to their conversion into flntShlT Authors* stannary. 663 Tripoli and Silicosis. C.P. McCord and S.F. Meek and G.C. Harrold* Zgf* Bed* 12, 373-37? (June, 1943). The mineral tripoli contains approximately 98$ free allies, sad is anally la a finely divided state. Proliferative reactions may be produced tg all vattstles of true tripoli. However, cases of human silicosis from tripoli eve MfW* As authors have sought the causes of this behavior and have ocme to the fallowing conclusions: (1) the high porosity of tripoli gives a large sorfaes arts par unit of mass; (2) this high specific surface favors adsorption phS*CMia> in cluding presence of hygroscopic films; (3) tripoli has an unusual dagree of di polar electric attraction, causing many particles to cohere; and (4) an addition al artificial factor is that tripoli must be waterproofed before use as a foundry parting to prevent the hygroscopic films. The waterproofing ecmpowtg Qt physiologically inert as their melting points are well above body 1 nijiliWIili and they are not o&Bily removed. The extent of phyniologto inertness bo de pend on the efficacy of the coating process. Not all partlelcs below 4 mtorons are coated. \ 664 The Dust Hazard in Tromolite Talc Mining. Including Roentaeaolowic^lJE|g|ft^ in Talc Workers. W. Siagal, A.R. Smith and L. Greanbure. Am. J. RoeeifBl*. 11-29 (February, 1943). This is a report on a study of atoospheric contamination in the mining and mill ing of tremolite talc in Northern New York State. It is aotahle that although the free silica content in all cases was found to be less than one per cent, an incidence of 14.5 per cent of advanced fibrosis was found (32 out of 2S1 exposed) All cases occurred among men exposed to tremolite talc for 10 years or longer* The authors report that the pathology associated with this exposure suggests a 0311889$. - . ."4 P Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 'eCe\ special kiology, and in addition there is evidence that there is an increased g susceptibility to tuberculosis. The fibrosis found was a "fine diffuse type wh a roentgeaogyaphic appearance of granulation or nodulation on a hazy background. It tended to be disabling in character and was frequently accompanied by dyspn, cough and fatigue." The study includes a review of the literature on both exper imental, studies and clinical reports on the effects of talc dust. There is a * complete discussion of the mineralogy and mining and milling operations in the Northern New York mines. Twelve'X-rays and eloven case histories are given to gether with a detailed discussion of roentgen findings. 665 Minimum Standards for the Health of Workers in the Brick Manufacturing Industry. Educational Health Circular, Industrial Health Series, No. 3. State of Illinois, Dept, of Public Health. Pamphlet, 14 pp. No date. Part I of the circular is devoted to a discussion of Material and Processes and of Health Hazards. Exposure to silica is the greatest hazard found in brick making plants; therefore dust prevention is of paramount importance. Factors to be considered in determining a dust hazard are given. The necessity of fre quent air sampling by competent personnel is indicated. The minimus permissible dust content is stated, and measures for controlling a dust hazard are consider ed. Other health hazards discussed, with health measures and precautions to be 0 observed are: Dampness - temperature variations; weather exposure - extrema dry heat; extreme light glare; gases and fumes. Pert II presents minimus standards for the health of workers in the Brick Manufacturing Industry, as suggested by the Division of Industrial Qyglene of the State (Mass.) Department of Pufclle Health. Subjects covered are: Lighting; ventilation* temperature and tfcidity; sanitation; dust, fumes and gasos; personal protective equipment; housekeeping; building equipment; notices and instruction; inspection; medical aid; physical examinations; reporting diseases. 666 Chemical Pneumonia in Workers Extracting Bervlllua Oxide. H.S. Tan 0itrand, R. Hughes and M.G. Camody. Cleveland Clinic Quarterly. 10, 10-18 (Jan., 1943) Three cases of chemical pneumonia occurring in a war Industry manufacturing beryllium oxide are presented. The chauical foroula or agents used in this pro cess have not been made known by the manufacturer. The 3 cases reported had identical symptoms and roentgen findings. The characteristic symptoms consisted of dyspnea, a relatively non-productive cough with occasionally blood-tinged ex pectoration, and a low grade fever. The roentgen changes in the chest which appeared about 3 woeks after the onset of symptoms revealed a diffuee haziness of both lungs, prominence of the peribronchial markings, soft Irregular areas of infiltration, and discrete small nodules. These changes were dependent on the stage of the disease. The 3 patients recovered with e complete return of the lungs to normal on chest X-ray. Additional studies are being made to deter mine the specific inhaled etiologic agent in this industrial disease attendant to the war effort. The lose of time from work in these 3 cases averaged. 3-3/4 months. - Authors' summary. 667 ypust Froe Grinding. F. Schoeffler. Nat. Safety News, 47, 18, 19, 84 (May,1943). A description, with illustrations, is given of the modern grinding room equipment installed by the Lodge and Shipley Machine Tool Company of Cincinnati to provide healthful, dust-free surroundings for employees. Increased production with lower labor costs has resulted from the installation. 668 Toxic Hazards in Munitions Plants. C.E. Gault. Calif. Safety News, 27, 5 (March, 1943). This short article describes the symptoms of TNT and tetryl poisoning. The most important precautions to be observed to. prevent poisoning are listed briefly. 03118300 t 'vU>/, HBB8-0007663 / e Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 669 Hazards of the Printing Industry* Travelers Standard, 30, 81-88 (May, 1942). The dangers from lead poisoning in printing establishments are considered, with methods for their prevention. Cases, from which type is set by hand, should be cleaned by vacuum equipment to prevent the dust from being inhaled by the work ers. Exhaust hoods should be placed over linotype and monotype machines to carry off the lead fumes that are given off from the melting pots. Personal cleanliness is highly Important, and adequate toilet facilities should be pro vided. Vacuum systems should be installed wherever practicable. If floors must be swept, precautions should be taken to avoid raising dust. 670 Health Aspects of Welding. A.G. Cranch and B.L. Vosburgh. 31st National Safety Congress Transactions (1942). Health hazards in. welding may be divided into "real" and "unreel." If precau tions are taken to guard against the real hazards, the unreal will disappear entirely. The real hazards are usually easy to recognize and effective preven tive measures `ire available. No reliable evidence has been presented to show that welding operators have any poorer health and accident records than other tradesmen working in the seme environment, or that they show any characteristic typo of illness which could be associated with their work. That health hazards due to welding exposures are not great and can be well controlled is evident from the enormous increase in welding end its applications without a corresponding in crease In illness. 4.. 671 Spray Painting Creates Health Hazards. Illinois Labor Bull., 3, 14-15 1943). . Jg'' ' Spray painting adds new health hazards besides magnifying the dangers of sat dip painting. These hazards arc discussed and it is pointed out tbnfr flsttilpr which show no imnediato toxicity have a narcotic action which makes the voffcs^ more prone to accidents. Health safety limits for solvent vapors are usually at least a ten times lower concentration than the cn$>loslve limits (which ramgs in whole per cents). The remainder of the article discusses control measures! (1) In general, if the sprayer must enter the spray area he must have in addition to exhaust ventilation an air-supplied respirator and additional protest}*! slott ing. (2) The booth must be large, deep ( to prevent excessive backlash) sgA fireproof. (3) Exhaust and spray disposal. An air velocity of 190 linear fbtt per minute into all openings is recommended, as well as a water wash system or collector plates. (4) Spraying practice. The spray must not be under mscessary pressure and should be directed toward the exhaust. Vertical articles slmriLd be placed at an angle. (5) All drying methods should have good exhaust ventilation* (6) Dermatitis can be prevented by adequate clothing and the uss of skin oraMidi (7) Eire protection. Host important here are good housekeeping end safe, storage of materials. 672 The Toxicity of Lead Azide. L.T. Fairhall and others. U. S. Public SseltJk. Repts. , 38 , 607- 617 TApril 9, 1943). An investigation of lead azide as an industrial hazard has ladlo&ted that tbs storage and distribution of lead in the tissues following the ingestiom of this compound ore in general similar to that of other lead salts. Tbs acute toxic effoct of this substance, however, is associated with the azoimide radical Tether than with the lead. Further evidence confirming this was obtained froa obser vations of the effect of administering sodiist azide intraperltoneally, subcutan eously, and orally in comparison with similar experiments with lead azide- The minimum lethal dose of sodium azide following injection lies between 35 sad 36 mg, per kg. cf body weight, while up to 150 ag. per kg. of body weight of lead azide could be injected intraperltoneally without causing death- This is equivalent in amount to 66 mg. of sodium azide. The effect of exposure to hydrazoic acid 03118301 P Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 S' rs, gas by inhalation was determined at various concentrations and it has been sbo^ to be invariably fatal to rats in emounts beyond 1160 p.p.m. when breathed for 1 hour. The results of this investigation indicate clearly that hydrezoic acicka should be considered a dangerous gas. -- Authors' summary. s 673 Occupational Disease Considerations. E.R. Hayhurst. Ohio State Bar Assoc. Kept., 16, 87-93 (May 10, 1943). The author compares various definitions of occupational disease, including Sappington1s, Goldberg's, his own and those established in the courts of New York and Illinois, and Ohio, The methods and sources of reports and complaints ore next discussed. The sources include the examining physician, the plant physician, labor union officials, fellow employees, and industrial hygiene sur veys. The prinicpal occupational diseases in Ohio in 1931-40 and in 1942 are then tabulated. The hazards of industrially new substances arc discussed and some essentials in the handling of medicolegal cases are presented. The latter subject includes careful investigation of physical condition, personal and 0 family history, examination of the work place. Finally the cost of establish ment of claims and the question of who shall pay that cost is discussed, con cluding with a suggestion that a State Occupational Disease Institute be founded, with the immediate function of investigating all occupational diseases reported 0 under tho law. This institute should also have the broader function of investi gating all new manufacturing procedures before they are put into operation. The institution should be in a strictly i^artial research center, should wodk in cooperation with state officials, and should be well supplied with funds and personnel. 1 674 The Iron Metabolism In Lead Poisoning. A. Tomaselli. Z. ges. exptl. Med., 109, 594-603 (1941). (Geman). ~' In Lead poisoning in dogs the blood iron and hematocrit values decreased more or loss rapidly in all cases. The serum iron decreased in the milder, more chronic poisonings, but increased in severe acute poisonings. The iron values of the liver, bone marrow and lungs increased in lead poisoning. The movement of the total iron in the organism is discussed on the basis of those and other findings. 675 Blood Changes in Experimental Load Poisoning As Studied by the Fluorescent Micros cope. K.L. Pesch and E. Leake. Arch. Gewcrbepath. Gewerbehyg., !, 674-61 (19417 foe stippled cr/throcytes were not exhibited by the fluorescence microscope in the blood of guinea pigs, rabbits or man in lead poisoning. Tbs basophilic granules of stipplsd erythrocytes are apparently not nuclear remnants, because the nuclei of nucleated red blood cells (as in the blood of birds or in Inman red bone marrow) absorb definite fluorochrome light. In simple and clear manner stippled red blood cells wore demonstrated by the Iferln-Manson dye. The stain ing technique is presented. 676 Industrial Manganese Poisoning, L,T. Fairhall and P.A. Neal, Nat. Institute of Health Bull., No. 182. 24 pp. Federal Security Agoncy. Pub. Health Service. Chronic manganese poisoning has been known for over a hundred years, and seme 353 cases of nanganism have been reported since 1837, Its relative rarity con sidering the manifold technical applications is explained by the following cir cumstances: (l) Relatively few people have tho constitution for the development of chronic mangaaisa; (2) apparently not all compounds of manganese can produce chronic poisoning; (3) tho chronic condition can only arise where manganese or it3 compounds are Inhaled or swallowed In sufficient amounts for a sufficiently long time. The maximum permissible concentration of manganese has not been deter mined, but as a result of investigation and environmental studies, it has been tentatively placed at 60 mg, por 10 cu, m. of air, A brief treatment is given of Tho Uses and Occurrence, The Physico-Chemical Properties, and The Analytical 03118302 IT Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12 Evaluation of manganese. Under Toxicology, industrial, experimental and chroniS industrial manganese poisoning are discussed. Changes in the central nervous g system with the development of the parkinsonian syndrome are the most important pathological changes due to manganese, but manganese pnounonia frequently occum, oldo. Symptoms, differential diagnosis, pathology and treatment of chronic 5 manganese poisoning are considered* The Importance of early diagnosis is strok ed as these cases recover spontaneously if placed in a dust free environment. * For more advanced cases there seems to be no effective treatment. Periodic med ical Inspection of workers and engineering control methods ere mcesures for the control of industrial manganose poisoning. A ten page bibliography is included in the bulletin. 677 Bono Marrow and Peripheral Nervous System in Chronic Manganese Poisoning. H. Voss, Arch. Gewerbepath. Gcwerbehyg., 10, 550-568 ^1941). (German). In two cases of chronic manganese poisoning changoe in the bone marrow and in the peripheral nervous system were found. In one case the atypical course of the poisoning was manifested clinically as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with bulbar symptoms. Anatomical findings existed corresponding to the malfunction ing observed. In another case there were certain pyramidal tract symptoms. Anatomical study showed mainly extensive degeneration of the right pyramidal tract and of both sciatic nerves with pronounced vessel changes in the affected areas. 678 Dangers From Carbon Monoxide in tha Rvao. L.B. Berger and B.H. Schrenk.f S, Bur, of Mines Inf. Giro., No. *7236 8 pp. Mimeographed. (April, 1943). m The purpose of this publication, as stated by the authors, is to smphasftjb tk* dangers of carbon monoxide and to suggest safeguards egainst tM0 iNfl&dlr every day life. The properties of carbon monoxide and Its action omyCpPlmky are discussed. Suggestions for the safe use of the various types of fcHsMild heating appliances are given. Some precautions against unsafe practloes ex* listed. First aid measures aro indicated. 679 Carbon Monoxide Asphyxia. A.G. Konmer and E.H. Carleton. Reeky It* led* 7,, 40, 234-240 (April, 1943). The authors present the essential facts about carbon monoxide asphyxia* Ineluding cause, location, symptoms, pathologic changes and treatment. 600 The Carbohydrate Metabolism During Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J. Tandy* Urion. Med. Wchs*. 92. 121-2 (1942). (Goman). Studies on 15 patients revealed a hyperglycemia in severe carbon monoxide poison ing. After administration of 50 g. glucose, the blood sugar curve rm&slaed high for 30-60 minutes, and even after 2 hours it did sot drop below the initial hyperglycemic value. The insulin secretion was not affected' in earfeoa monoxide poisoning* 681 Effects on Man of Severe Oxygen Lack. S.M. Horvath and others. Am*J.F)qrsiol., 138. 659-68 (1943). Schizophrenic patients were subjected to severe anoxia over a period of several mi nutos either up to the point of unconsciousness or in some eases ext iietiig in to unconsciousness. Anoxia of severe degree produces no beneficial effeots on the mental condition of these patients. Anoxia severe enough to produce brief periods of unconsciousness has so lasting harmful effeots on the central nervous system. Respiratory stimulation by anoxia Is strong and sustained even during unconsciousness. There is a rapid return to normal when either air or 140( oxygen is supplied. A mixture of 4.2$ oxygen with nitrogen is equivalent physiological ly to an altitude of about 31,000 foot. It should be possible to deecend with an opened parachute from 31,000 feet altitude without o^rgen equipment with no ill effects from anoxia. W A > a v*r) Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 662 Diagnosis of Carbon Disulfide Poisoning. Rodenacker. Med. Klin., 36, 828-33JS (August, 19421. The comparative rarity of carbon disulfide poisoning since Industrial process!aa have succeeded in keeping the air concentrations within the danger limit, has^ rendered its diagnosis more difficult. Acute mental disturbance with deliriu nay be caused by throe months* exposure to a concentration of 0.5 to 2 mg. peas liter of air. ' The mental effect disappears after 3 weeks' removal from exposure Pathologically the result of poisoning is disturbance of the lipoid metabolism, which in turn affects the cells of the mid-brain. Another effect is carbon di sulfide neuritis, especially of the peroncus nerve, and affection not only of the medullary sheath of the nervos but .also of the corresponding ganglion cells of the central nervous system. Complete recovery on removal from exposure is of diagnostic importance. A measure of the extent of carbon disulfide poisoning is the xanthogenate content of the blood, which can be determined by simple tests which are described. The xanthogenato content is not related to the total earbe: disulfide in the blood but shows a decided increase whenever mental disturbance is present. Figures are presented in support of that view. 683 Leukemic Myelopathy Caused by Benzene Poisoning. H.T. Rosso. Minerva mod., 32, 600-2 (1941). (Italian). A few cases of hcmctologically proven nyelopathic leukemia following benzene poisoning arc reported. 684 Fatalities in Trichlcrethylene Degreasing. N.Y, State Ind. Bull., (March, 1943)^ Two fatalities of persons employed at degreasing operations in lone was the degreasing agent, have been reported to the Hew Toofc Industrial Hygiene. These fatalities have sot been ccaaon, end $ed* de tails of the cases will be published later. The deaths occurred suddenly about 1 hour after the end of the 8-hour work period* The Division of XaAustri&l Hygiene wishes to remind persons interested in these operations, that it tei- chlorcthylene degreasing is not properly controlled, serious consent result. 635 Poisoning by Chlorinated Naphthalene. E. Collier* Lancet Ho. 6829, 9BVb (January 6, 1943.) Poisoning by chlorinated naphthalene may result in chlor&cne of the fee** partic ularly of the sides of the faco; 12 such cases arising emong worker* whs ware ex posed to the fumes or dust of chlorinated naphthalene are reported* It may also produce acute yellow atrophy or necrosis of the liver. In a typieel ease with systemic effects, the liver is usually the only organ showing doings* One fatal case is described fully. If cases of poisoning are to be pmvesied* the wax must not bo overheated, and the fumes and dust must be properly serried away by exhaust ventilation. Workers must be instructed in the import**** of personal cleanliness, and must be medically examined every week for atgtf of acne or jaundice. -- Author's sunruiry. 686 Chemical Casualties* H.W, Haggard. Conn. State Med. J., J, 864-871 (1M&) The following topics are considered: nature of chemical agents, lung irritants (ammonia, phosgene, "nitrous fumes," chloroplcrln, chlorine, sulfur dioxide}, artificial respiration after irritant gases, lacrimators and sternutator* (chloroacctophenone (usually with some chloroplcrln), broaobenzyl cyanide, diphcoylchlorcarsinc, diphenylaminchloroarsine), systemic poisons (carbon moz^ oxide, hydrogen cyanide), incendiary agents (white phosphorus, themlt, aagne* slum), vesicant agents (mustard, Lewisite) and the problem of decontamination* 03118304 Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 14 rs. nc 687 Psychic Symptoms la Poisoning by Modern Industrial Solvents* P.J. Knabenhans. rs. Schweiz. Arch. g* Neurol, u. Psychiat., 48, 232-271 (1941); 9^, 128-164 (1942). There are sir essential factors determining the neurotropic action of a solvent vapor: (1) fat solvent action, (2) chemical composition and metabolism in the body, (3) rate of absorption and excretion, (4) air concentration (volatility),S (5) time factor (acute or chronic symptoms) and (6) variability of individual * reaction (susceptibility). Acute poisoning for most solvent vapors is charac terized by symptoms of narcosis terminating in death or recovery. In case of the latter there usually appear symptoms of epileptiform seizures, emotional in stability, intellectual deterioration, loss of initiative, disturbances of sleep and amnesia. Chronic poisoning is usually characterized by a gradual appearance of excitability, emotionalism, epileptiform and schizophrenic symptoms; some times there is apathy, exhaustion and drowsiness; often there is a disturbance of sleep rhythm, diminution of sexual potency, alcohol intolerance, and addiction. Toxic symptoms are given for chronic and acute poisoning with various aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, also alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, others, special solvents and chemically related organic substances. 688 Industrial Dermatitis - 481 Cases. H.J. Davis. Ind. Med., 12, 381-383 (Juno, 19437! The author introduces a report giving the experience of the company with which he is associated to help substantiate the statement that dermatitis can bm less ened by proper control, prevention and treatment. With no new buildings, lav machinery nor new methods for combating dermatitis they have been able tofkeep their period of time lost for a compensable dermatitis case at 8*3 day** vhereas the average is 70 days. The average compensation paid is $100 tor etfll.MM, their figure is $18.10; the average medical cost for each compensable o*g* 1* $90, their figure is $23.75. Sterilization of oil and the institution at m original, complete method of studying, recording end treating dermatitis caused a marked reduction in the number of cases. The factor of cleanliness of the worker is also of importance. The author considers the present an opportune time to study the many million new war workers from a dermatitis standpoint* The number of man hours that can be saved by proper protection, control, and treat ment is cf great importance. 89 Dermatitis Due to the Formaldehyde Resins - Prevention and Methods of Control. K.2, Markuson and others. lad. Med., 12, 383-386 (June , 1943). A study was made of a severe dermatitis outbreak due to formaldehyde reaina. Xt involved four plants employing 2,370 workers, 355 of whom had developed dermati tis. Information is limited to the most critical field, the toxic nature of phenol and urea formaldehyde. The use and composition of these resins is given* Mention is made of the frequent substitution of cresol for phenol, which may, in some degree, be responsible for tho recent outbreak in phenol formaldehyde der matitis. The action of the resins is explained and predisposing factors are discussed, briefly. Description of the skin rash, complications, body distribu tion, immunity, duration, medication, sensitiveness to formaldehyde f\es are subjects of short paragraphs. Preventive measures are listed under two headings:. I. Medical, which includes personal hygiene, protective, clothing, protective creams and ointment, operative technique, and education; and XI. Engineering. The principal control measures are: (1) enclosure of mixing operations; (2) ven tilation in grinding and sanding operations; (3) enclosure of operations which require the heating of the material containing the resin, and the provision of exhaust systems; (4) segregation of operations requiring the heating or drying of the material; (5) mechanical installations, whersvor possible; (6) regular periodic removal of dust accumulation. 03118305 P Industrial Hygiene Digest -15 ao 690 Trinitrotoluene (TI7T): Its Effective__H_e_m__o_v_a_l^_f_ro__m_,__th_e__S__k_i_a by a Special Lis 5oap_. Under W.D. Norwood. Ind. Med., 12_, 206-208 the present conditions of handling TOT (April, 1943), in munitions works, it tends to tTs accumulate on the skin of exposed workers, because it cannot be removed by wag ing with ordinary toilet soaps end, water. TOT left on the skin is absorbed * throughout the 24-hour period and adversely affects the health of workers. Pro. fiting by the previous work of others, and aided by soap manufacturers, wo have developed an effective remover for TOT, It is composed of liquid soap to which is added 5 to 10# of potassium sulphate and 5 to 10# of an appropriate wetting agent. I believe that the use of such a soap will materially reduce the inci dence of toxic effects among exposed TOT workers. Information relative to com panies from whom tho special liquid soap may be ''cured may be obtained frean the office of Col. v>. J. McConnell, Medical Corps, d..ice of tho Chief of Ordnance, 233 North Michigan Avc, Chicago, The soap has also proved effective in re moving tctryl from tho skin. A much more generel use of Webster skin roagent is recommended. It is hoped that this article will stimulate others to work actively on this problem, as its effective solution is most important in main 'Tf' taining the good health cf our munition workers. -- Author's summary. 691 "Sural Poisoning" and Wound Infoctions in Workers in Airplane Factories. S\ V.', Anton, Uuench. Med. Wochscbr.. 88. 886-3"11941) ~(Goman). Zc2cr.a caused by working with light-metal alloys (Duralumin, Electron) |s rare. Superficial skin fistulas after injuries and surface suppurations which^ere slew to heal were relatively frequently observed in those who worked with light metals. The treatment is described. 692 Dermatitis in Industrial Occupations. G. Hopf, Gesundh.-Ing., 65* 44-48 (1942). (German). Various harmful materials arc exhaustively described according to the typo of their reaction mechanism, the physical, chaaical viewpoint of their penetration into the skin as well as their occurrence in different trades and tho akin reac tions that they produce. The proper precautions for the prevention of industrial diseases are discussed; in particular, tho problaa of cleansing the skin* and _< : the protection of the skin by industrial protective ointments is detailed. 693 Skin Injuries Through Chemical War Materials, lonquicres. Parfmerie modern. 34, 41-4?' (1940). (French). Description cf tho physical and chemical properties of dichlorodiethyl sulfide and of its affects on the eyes and skin, nervous system, respiratory organs and digestive apparatus. After penetration of the homy layer of the skin, diehlorolictbyl sulfide is localized in the malphigian layer and is hydrolized with for mation of thiodiglycol and hydrochloric acid. The products of hydrolysis form toxic complex compounds with the skin proteins and convert tho amino acids into toxic substances as histamine, tyremine and putrescine, Thorapy and prophylaxis of injuries from war materials must be adapted to tho properties of the war mater* ids cad to the chemistry of their effects. &nulsions of oxidizing oils in water (prepared according to Gottefossi) which penetrate into the deeper cutaneous layers cud there form harmless complex compounds with the poisons have proved useful. 694 Prevention of Skin Hashes - Practical Solution of the "Cutting-Oil" Problem. J.K. Biram, Ind. Med.,~12. 208-210 (April, 1943), ~~ ~ Hashes due to dezmatephytid infection were cut down remarkably in several Connecticut aims manufacturing plants by changing the "cutting-oil" used on the machines every menth. Possibly use of the machine in some way changes tho heavy ''cutting-oil" and encourages growth cf tho rash-causing organ!aas in the oil. 00118306 f --`cn 3-s >--* $ e li Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 CN3ON 695 First Studies of the Action of 1.2-Benzopyrcne on the Hunan Skin. G.B. Cottini^ and G.B. Mazzoni. Gazz. int. med. Chir.. 49, 8-1S (1940). (Italian). ca When nozmal human skin was rubbed daily with a 1% solution of 1,2-benzopyrene, for periods up to 120 days, erythema, pigaentation, scale fozmation, wart formal tion, and infiltration were successively observed. All these disappeared ratheS quickly after cessation of treatment. Whether the treatment can lead to neo- * plasms could not be stated. Histological examination of the attacked skin sites confirmed the macroscopically observed changes. A similar treatment was also carried out on luetic patients and those with ulcerative tumors. In the latter case, a certain favorable influence was observed after a short time of treatment in that the ulcoratlon and pain abated, and the development of the non-ulcerated portion of the tumor was inhibited. The sensitivity of the skin depends on the age of the person; uncovered skin sites are more sensitive than covered portions. The skin of luetic persons bohaves like that of old persons. The human skin seems to be more resistant to the carcinogenic action of benzopyrene than that of experimental animals. 696 Contact Deraatltis. H.L. Claassen. Ohio State Med. J., 39, 40-41 (January,1943). The allergic contact type, eczematous form of dozmatitis is most cooaon form of cutaneous sensitization encountered in industry. Those are all morphologically similar but differ etiologically. Workers with a dry skin are usually sensitive to such conditions. The author lists conditions which might be confused with contact dezmatitis and points out that clinical diagnosis is made possibli only by a complete history. Correctly used patch tests are confizmatoxy. trial physician should not only treat these lesions, but by the preemplojafrsat examination should help in the placement of sensitive workers and NMd&.lfiStruct the workers as to precautions against the hazards of their jobs* of contact dozmatitis is similar no matter what the etiological factor* 597 A Film of Protection. C.A. Weslager. Nat. Safety News, 47* 22, 46-48 (June, 1943). Since Pearl Harbor there has been an unprecedented increase in the use of brand ed protective creams by American workers. A protective cream gives physical protection by coating tho skin; it has no medicinal function* Tfcrie of tho best known types of creems are discussed and their constituents and applications are given. The most widely used is the water-soluble type, which is not permeated by non-aqueous solutions. These creams protect the skin, make cleansing of the skin easier and quicker and abolish the need for abrasive soaps* The second cream in wide use is the water-rosistlng type, which covers the akin and fills the pores with a bland fat. It prevents the entrance of water-mixed cutting oils and similar irritants. Acid-resisting creams protect the akin from acid burns by virtue of physical protection. They are generally used in conjunction with gloves to protect the wrists and forearms. If used without gloves, such creams should be tested. The use of creams has been demonstrated to be a factor in reducing skin troubles. They also give a feeling of security and are willing ly accepted by workers. Safety engineers must exercise vigilance over the kinds of cream supplied to workers. They should cither be well established by past performance or be made by reliable manufacturers. Four requirements for protec tive creams are listed. The caution is given that these cresas should not be used against such highly toxic substances as chlorinated naphthalenes, diphenyls, TNT, DNT, dynamite, mercury, lead compounds, and other chemicals known to cause systemic poisoning. 69- Stalllmum Interpretation of Certain Toxicological Phenomena Found in Industry. V/. Dreyfuss and others. J.Am.Inst.HoaeopathyT 36,77-84 (1943). A summary of the toxicological action of mercury, arsenio, benzene and carbon tetrachloride, in both chronic azid acute poisoning. 14 references. 03118307 P 'T 1 / .7=3 'O V^T) Industrial ifygiene Digest - 17 ts PN. 699 Conserving America's Industrial Hands. C.A. Weslager. Occup. Haz., 5, 16, 17,i 46-48 "(April, 1943). In claims for compensation, hand and finger injuries lead all others, comprising 30% of all claims. One in five compensable hand or finger injuries involves g infection, according to reports from 4 state compensation commissions. Preven- tive measures which can be used by safety executives and hygienists are consideS cd. The wearing of wrist watches and hand ornaments should be prohibited. Gloves and hand pads are indispensable in handling hot or hoavy materials. Gloves made of asbestos, leather, canvas, metal mesh, and rubber all have thoir specific applications. Gloves should not be worn to operate revolving machinery, where there is danger of the glove tangling in the machine parts. Obviously, all mov ing parts should bo equipped with guards. Education in the proper use of tools will eltuiaate injuries resulting from using wrenches as hammers, screw drivers as chisels, etc. Tools should be kept in good repair, with handles free from splinters. All workers are susceptible to dematoses, therefore, reputable hand soaps and cleaners, lotions, individual towels and industrial wash fountains are important in a safety program. Cleanliness of the worker, of his clothing and machine continue to be the chief methods of control against many dermatoses causatives. The use of protective creams is compulsory in many plants, where the worker is furnishod a supply free of charge. 700 Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis. A Joint Report of the U. S. Public Heart! vice and the Committee on Industrial Ophthalmology of the 3ection of Qphl mology of the A.M.A. J.ATM.A7Ti2l7ll53" (April3. 19437 ' The incubation period of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis ranges from S to]| days. Clinical symptoms aro listed and arc mainly those of a foreign JURtfttioju Both eyes arc usually involved, ono 5 to 8 days after the first* OoJMif Involve ment occurs in the majority of the cases and the amount of visual dwiwgs varies. Treatment is non-specific, including cleansing with boric acid* 5 par cant sulfa* tUiazole ointment, and X-rays for porslstent corneal infiltrates* Preventive measures consist of complete isolation and scrupulous cleanliness of all objects __ and people (medical personnel) that come in contact with tbs infeotod parsons* The period of infectivity is as yet unknown. 701 Effect of Experimentally Alterod Air Pressure in the Middle Ear on Bearing Acuity in Man. W.E. Loch. Arm. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng., 51^ 995-1006 (Decaber* 1942) The influence on the hearing of positive and negative pressure in the middle ear* created by Valsalva's procedure, was investigated In normal subjects by means of audiometric examination for the frequencies of from 32 to 16*364 cycles per second. Both positive and negative pressure impairs the threshold for frequencies below 2900 by from 10 to 30 decibels, more in the lower freqnencies. Jot the higher frequencies, slight positive pressure improves the thresholds* but nega tive pressure impairs the thresholds. When pressure differences were decreased* the sequence of return of hearing acuity occurs in the reverse order of its loss* 702 Atmospheric Pollution in Dublin During the Year 1941. A.G.G. Leonard and others. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc*.* 23, 10-1719421* The results of an atmospheric pollution survey at several locations in Dublin during 1941 are presented. Soluble solids deposited during the year varied from 45 to 74 tons per square mile, and insoluble solids, from 34 to 126 tons per square mile. The deposition does net differ much from that of 1940 but is lower by half than the average of the preceding 3 years, on account of shortage of coal. The number of deaths from respiratory diseases is also the. lowest recorded in the years of the Investigation. A graphical method for correlation of wind direction and velocity with suspended matter pollution is presented with results. The St. Louis smoke abatement ordinance is cited. 03118308 F lx !1 c y )W (! BBBB-8007671 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 705 Trends in Occupational Disease* I. Gray. Ind. Med., 12, 202-206 (April,1943). This article surveys the field of occupational disease. Cases attributed to occupational disease have become more frequent in New York, since laws were pas ed there, making any disease which could be charged to occupation compensable. The occupational diseases aro listed and discussed briefly under the five head ings: (1) Dermatitis - the most frequent of occupational diseases; (2) Poisons lead, benzene, and its derivatives, petroleum and its derivatives, arsenical com pounds, ...ercurial compounds, carbon monoxide, and other chemical gases and vapors aro mentioned, and the symptoms of the diseases that they cause described; (3) Abnormalities in air pressure - caisson disease of tunnel wrkers and "altitude sickness" of fliers are mentioned; (4) Infections - not common. Anthrax in wool sorters, undulant disease in milk handlers; (5) Dust - silicosis, asbestosis, complicated by tuberculosis in late stages. Methods of Detection and Determination 704,' Microdetermination of Arsenic in Biological Material. J.A. Sultzaberger. Ind. Eng. Chem., (Anal. Ed.T, 15, 408-410 (Juhe l5~1943). The authors have developed & method by which digestion of the sample with centratcd nitric acid and sulfuric acid is followed by distillation of thb. arsenic as trichloride into dilute nitric acid solution in a Presents* Ailt The characteristic molybdont blue color is developed from the evapontsdrsey due and read in a photoelectric colorimeter. The range is 0 to 100 mleiogme of arsenic, and the accuracy is 0.2 microgran. 705 ^Determination of Benzene. Detection and Estimation of Benzene in the Preeemee of Toluene. Xylene, and other Substancos. B.H. Doliru Ind. It Sag. Chem.t IS. 242-247 (April 15, 1943). This article describes a colorimetric procedure for the determination of bs--ne in the presence of other aromatic and aliphatic advents. The procedure consists of nitration, extraction with ether, development of color with butanono sal alkali in alcoholic solution, elimination of the interfering colors by acetic acid addition and color comparison. Nitration is performed with a mixture of equal volumes of fining nitric and concentrated sulfuric adds. A detailed pro cedure is given in the article. The analysis requires about 30 minutes ftf a sample. The method is sensitive to 8.8 x 10*7 mgs. and can be used for n11 air samples as well as solvent analysis. By decreasing the ether dilution tbs author believes that as snail a concentration as 0.27 p.p.m. can be detested on a 10 ml. sample of air. 706 Determination of Small Amount of Benzene and Toluene In the Air. MJC. Alekseeva. Khim. Referat. Zhur. 4, 86 (1941). (Russian). _ The method of Schrenk, Yant end Pierce is the most effective of all methods studied for determining bonzeno and toluene. Dp to 0.002 cc. of benzene aad 0.01 cc. of toluene can be detected in 10 cc. of air. Owing to the different condi tions for the nitration of benzene and toluene the method is also suitable fox mixtures of benzene and tolueno. The results are within about 10 per oent of the truth. 03118309 * r. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19 rv, 707 Photometric Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Their Nitro Derivatives. ^ z^5~) H.D. Baornstein. Ind. & Eng. Chem., 15. 251-253 (April 15. 1943). _ ^ This article describes modifications to the colorimetric method for aromatics ** using nitration and reaction with methyl ethyl ketone and potassium hydroxide.? The author believes that the colored compounds resulting are probably quinoids^ formed by condensation of the aci-nitro and onol foms with the elimination of** water. Spectral absorption curves of butanone-nitro compounds are given as wofi, as certain modifications for the' quantitative procedures used for the determin ation of benzene and toluene. The use of 70 instead of 50 per cent alkali in creases the rate and amount of color production. Mixtures of benzene and tolucn6 can be analyzed by oxidation of dinitrotoluone to what the author believes is dinitrobenzoic acid which gives no color. 70c A Simple Device for Detecting Small Concentrations of Organic Halide Gases in the Atmosphere. G.W. Jones and K.E. Kennedy. U.S, Bur. Mines, Rept. of Invest., wo. 3697. 10 pp. Mimeographed. (April, 1943). Obtainable on request from Div. of Information, U. S. Burcau of Mines, Washington, D, C. A simple tester for detecting low concentrations of halide gases in atmosphere is described. The tester, based upon the principle of the well-known halide lamp, employs absorbent charcoal to adsorb and concentrate the halide-containing gases and thus greatly increases the sensitivity of the tost. The tester is so constructed that tests may be made (1) by aspirating the suspected atmosphere through it, (2) by suspending it in the atmosphere, or (3) by swinging 9 in the atmosphere to bo tested. Experiments wore conducted on 25 different halide gases; results have proved that concentrations of less than 1 part per million of any of these gases in air can be detected by swinging the tester la life atmos phere for 30 seconds or longor, depending on the particular halide gee involved. 9 Automatic Apparatus for Determination of Small Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide in Air. M.D. Thomas and others. Ind. & Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 15. 287-290 (April 15, 1943). The application of the automatic sulfur dloxido apparatus of Thomas to carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, othyl mercaptan, thiophonol and thiopheno is des cribed. The apparatus has been modified by the substitution of a simple multiple port valve (stopcock typo) for the poppet valvos of the previously described apparatus. A quartz tube furnace is used to convert sulfur compounds to sulfur dioxide and tho desired temperatures for conversion were determined by experiment. Tho method can also be used for chlorinated compounds which are converted to hydrochloric acid. No successful results could be obtain* cd with oxidation of nitrogen compounds to nitric acid. Some observations on the olfactory limits of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and etbyl morcaptan are given. 710 Chemical Warfare. C.E. Beland. Can. Chem. Process Ind., 26, 272 (1942). Hive reagents for the detection of: (1) Chlorine and bromine, (2) phosgene, (3) hydrogen cyanide, (4) mustard gas and (5) lewisite are, respectively. (1) Baubigay or fluorescein reagent, (2) Harrison reagent, (3) cupric-benzidino acetate reagent (Solution I, cupric acetate, Solution II, seturatod aquooua solu tion of benzidine acetate), (4) Schroter reagent and (5) Peronnot reagent. Tests (1), (2) and (5) arc specific; (3) is specific in the absence of chlorine, and (4) specific in the absence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Til The Number of Particles In the Atmosphere of tho City of Buenos Aires. R.A.Izzo and A.D, Marenzi. Pubs, centro invest, tisiol., (Buenos Aires), 5, ^303-318 (1941). (Published 1942). .'.n analysis of samples of organic and inorganic particles in the atmosphere of Buc-nos Aires included the determination of their number, their size and chemical nature. The samdes were collected at 160 cm. above the ground, on dear and 03118310 r Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20 mrv 'G suaay days, and placed on a plaque of quartz covered with a thin film of gelatifi* The air was first filtered through a copper screen which allowed only the pass-'*9 ing through of particles smaller than 100 microns* The air current was maintain!? ed uniformly in all cases, and at a velocity of 86 m. per second. In the cento| cf the city the particles of organic origin predominated; this fact was attri- s* buted to motor traffic, heating systems and factories. In the outlying distric* with less traffic and poor pavements, the particles of mineral origin predominated Control Methods 712 Ventilation for Control of Solvent Exposures in Fabricating Rubber Military Equipment. T.K. Thomas and 3.D. Tebbens. Heat., Pip., & Air Cond., 15^ 122- 125 (March, 1943). Also under the heading Control of Solvent Exposures in the Hubtcr Industry. Ind. Med., 12^ 255-239 {April, 1943). 0 The hygienic problems connected with the use of solvents in the fabrication of rubber military equipment were studied. Effective control measures were observed not only where toxic solvents such as benzol, toluol and chlorinated hydrocar bons were used, but also whero the less toxic solvents were used. Petroleum naphtha was the chief solvent encountered in the coating of fabrics with natural rubber. Synthetic rubber coating involved the use of toluene or toluene con taining petroleum products. Little benzol or chlorinated hydrocarbons were used. Enclosure and ventilation of the drier is tho obvious control measure in this case. Benzol, carbon tetrachloride, toluol and carbon bisulfide are among the solvents used in cementing sections of military balloons. Small sections arc joined on benches and the larger sub-assotoblies joined on tho floor to make the whole balloon. The balloon is then inflated and cementing operations are carried out inside. Ventilation of the table operations and those inside the balloon is necessary. Lateral and downdraft ventilated tables are described. Ventilation inside the balloon is easily obtained by running tho inflating blow er and letting air escape through a port. The floor operations are carried out in large open areas and do not require mechanical exhaust. Ethylene dlchlor- ide, ketones and petroleum naphthas are used in the fabrication of solf-soaling fuel tank3. Mr samples takon in the summer during low production periods v/crc not indicative of concentrations that may be encountered. Two untried ven tilation arranganents are described. 713 Electric Air Cleaning Controls Oil Mist From Machine Tools. E.H.R. Hegg. Heat.*", Pip., & Air Cond., 15, 2TUay,"1943). Oil snoke and mist caused by high operating speeds of modern mechine tools, such as automatic thread grinders and gear grinders result in a nuisance and accident hazard of major magnitude. An effective solution is described consisting in apulieating a local exhaust system connected to an electric air deanor which is so efficient in removal of atioke as well as oil mist that complete recirculation is practiced. (Editor*s Koto: The Foundation's technical staff have studied similar installations and have found them highly effective.) 714 An Investigation of Dust Suppression in the Pittsburgh Seam. D.H. Davis and G.H. Gardner. Inst. Mining Met. Engrs., Contrib. Ko. 125. 13 pp. (1942). use of water on coal-cutting machines reduced dust 26$. Addition of wetting agents reduced dust as much as ??. 2nulsion-fonaing oil was moat effective and cheapest. P Industrial ffygiene Digest - 21 9 rsso. 715 Disinfection with Moving Hot Air. H. Kliewe. Ztschr. f. Ifyg. u. Infektionskr 1237~727-733 (May, 1942), (German). Cultures of five species of non-sporing and two of sporogenous bacteria were ? dried on filter-paper, and these were placed in linen bags which were distribu^ od among packages of clothing in a hot air sterilizer. Cultivation of these t$t objects after the maintenance of different temperatures for various periods shew ed that in order to be suro of destroying non-sporing bacteria it is advisable to use a temperature of 100-110C. for l- hours; the temperature necessary for destroying spores (130C. sufficed for those testod) is such as would damage fabrics. Hot air sterilization is therefore unsuitable for clothing if total disinfection is required, but the usual object is to destroy the ag6nts of infec tious diseases, which are non-sporing bacteria and viruses. As might be expected disontinuous heating for short periods on successive days was no acre effective than continuous heating for the seme total period. 716 Heat and Ventilation in Air Raid Shelters. W.J. McGuinness. Heat., Pip., & Air $ Cond.7i5, 193-196 (April," 1943). This article gives the requirements for heating and ventilating air raid shelters. The various types of bombproof and splinterproof shelters are shown. The bomb proof type is too expensive to construct, hence the most common type is the splinterproof. Shelter size is fixed by number of occupants. No more than SO people should be placed in the seme room. Space and voluao requirementsJor overground and underground shelters are given in a teble. Beat requiremfets are low because of the number of occupants, however, heat losses in Kngland m* different from ours because of climatic conditions. On this basis an nmfcumuinl shelter is preferable for American climatic conditions because of the low ground temperatures which aid in heat loss maintenance. Vantiletjw meats arc given and the various types of systems employed are Illustrated. Mechanical systems with filtration are recommended. 71 v Wartime Operations Srohaslze Industrial Hygiene Problems of Asbestos Industry. Illinois Labor Bull., 3, 10, 11, 22 (February 28, 1943}. -- - -- The control of asbestosis must be an engineering control because there are no <C = medical means to detect the disease until much baas has been done, teglaeering control consists of two important principles: (1) Adequate exhaust, (8) Good housekeeping. By experiment it has been estimated that if the air contains loss than 5,000,000 partieles of asbestos per cubic foot there is small ehanes of the workers developing asbestosis. The article lists the procedures in the manufac ture of rigid and of textile asbestos products and shows that further protective measures arc still needed in most plants. Industrial Medical Practice 03118312 713 Industrial Health - Its War end Postwar Significance. C.O. Sapplngton. Znd. ^ Mod., 12, 361-364 (Junes', 1943)". --_ The paper considers war and post war problems of industrial health, which are classified into those of medical administration, ttose of public health in indus try and in tho community and thoso relating to industrial hygiene and sanitation in the plant. Brief but rather comprehensive discussions of the follea&lf prob lems are presented: Vonoreel disease control; Nutrition; I*unizatia> Proplace ment and periodic examinations; Women in Industry; Dermatoses; Absenteeism; * Industrial ifygiene Digest - 22 *r> N*. ' ts Fatigue; Tuberculosis; Rehabilitation; Health Education; Processes and material^ Postwar problems may be anticipated by postwar planning. There will be some problems and some old ones which will reach greater proportions. The author paraphrases the old adage by saying "In time of war prepare for peace." 5 719 How the Small Plant Can Conduct a Health Program. M.H. Kronenberg. Illinois M. J. 33, 847.251 (April, 1943). This article is intended to help the owner of small industrial plants which now have little or no proper medical protection for their employees. It contains specific recommendations from the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the Illinois Department of Public Health, which acts as a clearing house of infonaation for the industrialist. Suggestions include group health programs (with several plants cooperating), part-time services of a competent doctor and nurse. Any competent health program for industrial safety must be preceded by an adequatel furnished first aid room in the plant. Other considerations in the program are (1) Medical examinations, (2) Knowledge of environmental conditions in the fac tory and (3) The nature and adequate control of all toxic materials used in the plants. The value of a competent nurse is stressed. Her duties are outline Adequate records of sickness and accidents should be kept. Above all managers of small plants whose medical services are limited to the care of emergencies only arc urged to take a greater interest in developing health programs for their plants. 720 Industrial Medical Facilities in Pennsylvania - Results of a County by Crafty Survey. J. Shilen. Ind. Med., 12, 379-381 (June, 1943). . A total of 3,086 plants, in 24 counties, with 806,436 employees tas besm survey ed, and data are given concerning the following points: nueber ot physicians employed, nursing service, preemployment and periodic examinations* inspection for hazards, casos handled by the medical department, sick benefit and insurance plans, health talks, Interest in industrial hygiene surveys, venereal disease control, dispensaries, and cafeterias* Only 7.9$ of the plants, but 46.401 of the employees are covered by a medical industrial health program. The author concludes that the facts set forth in the survey prove conclusively the necessity for inaugurating a program of industrial health in all industries. Be advises that the medical profession, together with the State Department of Health through its Bureau of Industrial Hygiene assume the leadership in organizing such a program. 721 The Growth of Industrial Medicine as a Force in Public Health. H.F. Poyner. Texas State J. Med., 38, 563-565 (January, 1943). A brief history of the growth of Industrial medicine is given. Compensation laws have made necessary the existence of the safety engineer and the industrial physician, and other protective measures now in ooanon use. ^ployere have gradually realized that it is profitable to keep a trained msployme in good health for as long as possible, end consequently industrial health sow often has a purpose similar to that of public health, l.e. to detect diseases la the early stages and then to turn the employee over to treatment by his family physi cian. Texas compensation laws are now interpreted so that a pre-existing con dition of any type, if aggravated by employment, is oompens&ble. This has caused more careful and frequent examinations, but has the disadvantage that many people arc refused employment because of the insurance burden they sight become to the employer. Dr. Poyner recommends that the la* be changed so that the employer is no longer penalized for hiring these people. 722 Industrial Medical Service. Anonymous. Nat.Safety News, 47, 154,161 (Mar. ,1943). .. brief general discussion of medical and nursing service for plants of various sizes is presented. Hw61i-Uu07676 t> I .1 0 <: = Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 723 Public Health and Industry. N. Millaan. Ind. Med., 12 , 378-379 {June, 1943). Public health doctors are interested in industrial health for several reasons: (1) The industrial population is so large and forms such an integral part of the cornualty; (2) The industrial population is so tied in with the-war effort. The effect of side absenteeism on production is important;- (3) Because the indu trial population is grouped it londs itself to public health methods of preven tion. The tremendous loss duo to absenteeism caused by general illness is em phasized, together with the need for a program of prevention. Plants surveyed by the National Association of Manufacturers in which an adequate health program is followed show substantial reductions in accident frequency, occupational dis ease, labor turnover, absenteeism and compensation insurance. Duties of the in dustrial physician and medical department are outlined. The use of the rosources of modern medicine and public health offers a challenge to industry. 724 The Urgent Need for Better Local Industrial Hoa3*h ftypantzation. C.M. Peterson. Illinois M. J., 03, 234-236"TXprilV 1943). Competent industrial medical service pays good dividends. Such service should include a competent physician, nurses, industrial hygiene service and a health program. Employers, employees and the medical profession each has a direct res ponsibility in industrial health organization. The author is establishing in dustrial health committees in state and county medical societies. These cap* mittees determine nemos of available physicians, hold conferences, advise.aal consult v/ith executives and labor organizations as to necessary health noMures. Following preliminary organization the industrial health caenlttee will (B vsstigate local causes of lost time in industry, (2) Coordinate conunitySatea* trial health facilities, (3) Educate the public in regard to the Tala* o-ll in* dustrlal health program, (4) Educate the medical profession. It it MDpaC'tbfci those measures will aid in solving industrial health problcsia through mai com munity organization. 725 Industrial Housekeeping. Washrooms and Lockers. Drinicing Water. Anosyaoue* Nat. Safety News. 47, 168-170, 178-182 {March, 1943). These three important items in Industrial safety are discussed briefly. Dust removal and vacuum cleaning are given special attention in the first section* Tho fourth subject under the head of "Sanitary Equipment and Supplies,* is that on "Occupational Dermatitis," which is a condensation of one of tha papers by Dr. Schwartz, abstracted in an earlier issue of this Digest. 726 Burns. J.J. Brownlee. New Zealand Med. J., 61, 192-197 (October, 1942). The author first describes thd different degrees of bums. The factors involved in the pathology and physiology of burns are considered briefly* The treateent of bums is outlined. Early treatment - morphia for pain, and application of painless dressings. Dressings are described - especially those impregnated with sulfonamide. For plasma loss, in severe shock due to buna, the transfusion of plasma or serum by the drip method is necessary. The saline bath for surgical cleansing is advocated and outlined for later treatment. The results of spoil treatment as compared with treatment with other methods, including tannic eeid, and continuous irrigation with sodiua hypochlorite, are compared, and tbs method advocated by this article seems more advantageous. 72.7 Thormal Burns. S.D. Gordon and R.A. Gordon. Canad, M.A.J., 48 , 302*309 iApril, 1943). The authors stress that local treatment of the burned area must be modified by the physiological condition of the patient. They then discuss tho detection and treatment of primary and secondary shock and the decrease in plasma proteins and chloride. The authors do not start general treattoent until an hanatocrit 03118314 r Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 24 f". f*N. reading is known, and then recommend 200 cc. to 400 cc. of twice concentrated'0 human serum to relieve hsmocoacentration. This is more successful than the 1 usual saline, serum or plasma. The concentrated plasma is followed by oral oi intravenous glucose solution. The authors also deny a burn toxemia, saying never appears if adequate fluid is given early enough. Various local treatments were used, consisting mainly of tannic acid for first aid, and sulfonamide, tSle gras, and saline for medical treatment. Saline baths were found useful to clean* extensive burns. Complications are also discussed, including pneumonia, jaundice renal failure, granulocytopenia, and infections. 728 Treatment of Burns. J.S. Houck. N.Y. State J. Med., 43, 226-220 (Fob. ,1,1943). The article is a discussion of the routine treatment in Rochester, N.Y,, of a large number of burns received at the same time. Fire houses arc the casualty units and first aid only is administered there. This consists merely of dress ing minor bums and giving adequate morphine to severe burns. At the hospital all severe bums must be treated with strict asepsis, and shock and infection must be combated. Morphine should be used, and Inhalation anesthesia avoided. Plasma should be given as soon as possible (so laboratory testa necessary) to all severe burns to combat initial shock. Later use of plasaa and fluids de pends on clinical judgment. Clothes should be removed with sterile inetrx* ments and debridement done gontly with soap and water. Tannic acid and silver nitrate are used except on the hands, face and genitalia. The patient is placed in a tent kept at 90F. and troeted until a thin light brown eschar fos. Oxy gen inhalation should be used for ell lung Involvements, large or aaallf Letor treatment is routine, including removal of the eschar in seven to tan d^ys and grafting of third degree burns, .. 729 Treatment of Phosphorus Burns: (With a Note on Acute Phosphorus I.M. Rabinowitch. Canad.M. A. J., 48. 291-296 (April. 1943). The author first reviews the types, occurrence, chemical and physical properties, and the pathology of phosphorus. The article deals only with the aotiva, poison ous, white phosphorus, which is soluble in organic solvents and which centimes with the oxygen cf tho eir with the production of light. Phosphorus fists can be put out with water, but reignite on drying; therefore hums must ha kept aolst until all the phosphorus is removed. Phosphorus burns are very aavara, worse than those caused by sulfuric acid, and the phosphoric acids released, tend to imbed in the tissues causing suppuration. First aid treatment of phosphorus burns consist of Immediate removal of burned clothing, removal of all visible phosphorus particles, and soaking of the affected area in warn water. At the first aid station the burned area is washod with warn baking soda, then with a 1 per cent solution of copper sulfate, which changes aay phosphorus into black copper phosphide, which is then removed with forceps. Finally, the area is wash ed with antiseptic solution and a dressing applied. The medical treatment of the bums is similar to the first aid treatment unless the phosphorus is nixed with an organic solvent, oil, or with rubber. In these cases a special solvent containing copper oloate and trichlorethylene Is used which dissolves both the phosphorus and the organic substance. Directions for asking this preparation art Given. Details of medical treatment are outlined, and the procedure used de pends on the type of inactivating agents available. Theso agents in order of preference are: (a) sodium carbonate or bicarbonate; (b) alkaline powder mixture (directions given); (c) coppor sulfate; and (d) oil-soluble copper preparation (directions given). Use is made throughout of examining the bum in the dark for the preserre of luminous particles. After the skin has been thoroughly cleaned and a^alinized, subsequent treatment is the seme as for chemical bums in general. The article also contains RA Note on Acute Phosphorus Poisoning." The lethal dose, signs, symptoms, pathology, and post-mortem appearances are des cribed. Treatment consists of prompt gastric lavage with waai potaselia 03118315 P Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 oc permanganate solution until the color of the returning liquid is unchanged. 3 Diuresis is encouraged and acidosis combatted. Copper sulfate should not be *5 used as an emetic, and under no circumstances should oil or fatty materials, as.^ milk, be administered to alleviate the gastric irritation, as these aid in the absorption of phosphorus. ic 730 Phosphorus Burns. The Lancet No. 6236, 312 (March 6, 1943). ''Once the phosphorus has been completely removed, a phosphorus burn may be treated like any other burn. But until it is certain that no phosphorus remains ia the tissues it is unwise to use oily or greasy applications, which may dis solve phosphorus and thus aid its absorption, Recently Dr* Obomer proposed tbo use of amyl salicylate for the dressing of such burns; and it should perhaps be pointed out that amyl salicylate is a solvent and therefore ought not to be applied until ono is certain that all phosphorus has been removed. The advan tages which have boon claimed for amyl salicylate in bums arc- that it relieves pain, promotes granulation, and lessens exudate; and its use has been advised for large mustard-gas bums which pour out fluid. 'Whether it is suitable for phosphorus burns at any stage is doubtful, for the secretary of the bums sub committee of the Medical Research Council infonas us that experimental phosphor us burns treated with amyl salicylato healod more slowly than those treated by other methods." 731 Experimental Chemotherapy of Burns and Shock. III. Effects of Systar** Tnfc^py on Early Mortality^ S.M. Rosenthal. ?ubr3ealth'Rents.V 58. 513^522 (MaJehS6. 1943T. .1 Employing a standardized procedure for the production of bums fatal within 48 hours, the offsets of systemic therapy have been studiod* 99 benefit was observed from epinephrine, posterior pituitary extract, adrenal oortioal ex tract, or desoxycorticostcrone acetate injected subcutaneously following tbo burns* Sodium chloride by mouth or intraperltoneally caused a significant reduction in the mortality. Intravenous administration was less effective. Iso- - tonic sodium chloride by mouth was superior to hypertonic solutions. Potassium chloride caused an acceleration in the time of death, and when administered with _< sodium chloride it antagonized the effects of the latter. Calciua gluconate orally was without action. Isotonic glucose solutions orally showed alight therapeutic action. The administration of hypertonic glucose or water by mouth caused the animals to die faster than the controls. Soditsa acetate, succinate, bicarbonate, and lactate were as effective as sodium chloride. House sen* intravenously was slightly less active than equivalent volumes of 0.9 per cont sodium chloride orally. Little effect was observed from the intravenous admin istration of a hypertonic solution of humah serum albumin. - Author's sumary. 732 Shock, Exhaustion and Restoration in War. G. Crlle and others. Cleveland Clinic -.uartorly. 10\~3-9 7 January. 1943) The paper'is largely a theoretical discussion of shock, based on the ides of the body as n bipolar mechanism. It has been demonstrated by nuaerou# nnlaM exper iments that the brain is electrically positive as compared with the rest of the body and that the same exciting or depressing factors that caused a change in the potential gradient also caused destructive changes in the cells of tbs brain, the liver and the adrenal cortex, ?nd changes in the temperature and electrical pro perties of the same cells. The author therefore suggosts that tho potential gradient between the brain and other organs is an accurate indication of the de gree of shock. Depression or failure of organs is likened to polarization. The authors consider these conceptions to be in harmony with modem method# of pre vention and treatment of shock. ^ 03118316 P / a ;1P ,.i Air analysis benzene & toluene 706 organic halide gas TO8 Air raid shelters heat & ventilation 716 Air pressure effect on hearing TO1 Analysis arsenic in biological material 704 Anthrax 662 Asbestos industry wartime problems 717 Atmospheric pollution in Dublin 702 Benzene detemi nation poisoning 705-707 3 Benzopyrene effect on skin 695 Beryllium respiratory hazards 666 Book reviews 660-661 Brick manufacturing health hazards 665 Burns troatmeat 726 727-728 Carbon disulfide poisoning 662 Carbon monoxide home hazards poisoning metabolism 678 679 0 Chlorinated naphthalene poisoning 5 Dezmatitis case reviews cutting oil from resins prevention 692- 6 8 694 9 7- 9 INDEX (July, 1943) Dichlordiethyl sulfide 693 Disinfection by hot air 715 Dural poisoning 691 Dust atmospheric determination control grinding coal mining 711 667 714 Industrial health organization war and postwar 724 718 Industrial housekeeping 725 Industrial medical services County survey {Penna.)720 Industrial medicine and public health 721 Keratocon.iunctivi ti s 700 Lead azide toxicity 672 Lead poisoning blood changes 674-675 manganese poisoning 676-677 Medical service 719-722 Oil mist removal from air 713 Occupational disease trends 673 703 Oxygen deficiency 1 Phosphorus bums 729- 730 Poisons various 698 Printing industry hazards 6 Public health and industry 723 Shock from bums chemotherapy in war Solvents hazards o *C ;s w1C 7 Spray painting health hazards 71 Sulfur dioxide determination 709 Talc mining hazards 664 Toluene dotemination 707 Trichlorethylene j dogroasing * % Trialtrotoluofti poisoning removal tram, ifcln 684 6 0 Tripoli and silicosis 663 Ventilation -- solvent exposures 712 War ft&se* 6-710 Weldinft health aspects i > 6*3 i 03118317 P HN8B-0007649 T's / ,--0 = tr. P