Document 954b5B5jD4owyZemGxE891kL

For Employee Distribution "Safeguarding Women in Industry * Women workers are subject to all common accident hazards, plus many that are peculiar to them alone. This 24-page booklet (Size 41:jx5` s/ } discusses these feminine problems. High heels, long hair, jewelry, dysmenorrhea, etc., are a few of the most important items covered! Members who have already distributed copies to their women workers say that they respond heartily to its practical sugges tions! You will find it an excellent supplement to your other safety educational activities! Sample Copy and Prices Sent on Request First Aid Reminders77 x Do your workers know what to do or what not to do in an emergency should one of their fellow workers be in jured? The purpose of this instructive 32-page booklet (size 41 cx5;: s ') is to give simple suggestions to every person who has not had the opportunity to study first aid manuals or textbooks. In addition, it points out to workers the absolute necessity of getting first aid treatment no matter how slight the injury! Distribute "First Aid Reminders" to your workers to stimulate interest in your first aid program and to make them "first aid" conscious! copy uud. prices sene on recniest National Safety Council/ Inc. 20 N. Wacker Drive/ Chicago/ III. I WILLSON RESPIRATORY DEVICES ITH accurate knowledge of the true Wdanger of any dusty job or opera The Willson Fume and Smoke Mask furnishes protection agamst fight fumes and smoker ready-to-use cartridges of different chemical charac ter, thru which air must pass to reach tion, it is only necessary to select a respthireaface, are available for various in tory device that has been correctly designed dustrial requirements. A well placed release valve permits easy exhalation. for the type of protection needed and whose Only slight tension is needed on the double headbands to obtain comfort merit and good construction have been able, air tight face contact conclusively demonstrated ..... It is not possible to gauge the protective ability of respirators by appearance; let us lend you our experience in recommending for unsafe conditions -- we have very likely helped solve safety problems similar to yours. Willson Bag Respirator No, 3, scientifically developed and made to pass a series- of difficult shop and laboratory tests, is a proved respirator of high efficiency m concentrations of silica, asbestos, lead and other poisonous dusts. Used widely to protect workers' health and to combat compensation losses by large com panies in such trades as foundries, quarries, potteries,, mining, btone cutting, crushing, polishing and grinding, ceramic and dry mixing plants, brick, clay, qiass products, paint, and by workers mixing or applying silicate products such as frit, japan, lacquer, powdered glass, piaster, etc. No heavier than necessary, can be vsarn for Iona periods with comfort. The fitter of fins respirator rs leadiiy cleaned by a burst or two of compressed atr applied to tne bag interior--effecting worthwhile economy. Willson Disstite Respirator No. 55 is light in weight, com fortable and efficient. A preferred type for use in damp operations, this filter does not readily dog in moist atmosphere. Correctly placed intake and exhaust valves permit free passage of dean air to face and a ready exit of exhaled air. Willson Abrasive Blast ing Helmet No. J7 em bodies several exclusive features long strived for by many manu facturers of this type of equip ment, Helmet weight rests en tirely on operator's shoulders, his head is free ana there is no neck strain to sap away h$ en ergy. Rubber-coated, woven-wire helmet frame is resilient and yields to absorb shock of abra sives, reducing wear to a mini mum. Air needs to be fed to the helmet only in sufficient quan tity to permit comfortable breath ing as there are no structural openings in the helmet, breathed air escaping between the wear ers neck and close fitting dust collar. t Willson Air Line Respirators I Nos. 3H fhiqhl and 3L (low), made for use cm high or low pressure air fines, are recommended where hazards are extreme and a source of air is available. They afford greatest pos sible protection and are equally effi cient in fumes a; well as dangerous dust conditions. Light In weight and comfortable, they may be worn for Iona periods and have a wide use m many branches of industry: mining, lead mixing, metallizing, welding gal vanized plates, extremely hazardous grinding and dusty rock drilling oper ations and in heavy concentrations of toxic or non-toxic tumes. WILLSON PRODUCTS, In,:. : : I Pa. Hepr \ rrus si, -M't '' mi...- , a* APRIL. 1934 Member of THE INDUSTRIAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION tilni in Hi tirxirm s/ntrs by /', P. Bullard <"<>,, i`7.ri Fii/hth Stm l. Franrrxeu, with c.mrrtnent hronrhnt ilr/irrxrnietl in Cnnntin by ,Safety Supply Company--Toronto, Montreal and Branches ' M'WS i- imi*I I'M*i*l nrniHilv l.v flu- Ai'Ui^rui Sal>rv tmiHei!., <! .'wrtli Wafftcr UrtVF 'mi'iiiet\ HI. 't -u-iv ?uo~'`ntmn l'nw : ,l". sTtlv. UUMTiT -Pnif I, 1``ill , i'! UK1 l i-r-i "rfliV i'.hirUtfW fljlM'"*!* HlnW MlC * \U !' 'A VMULirU! 4>nn- at Al. I n *','l >1i . AtirT'UiiUl, 9(> HIS MIND IS ON HIS WORK (rtckls FOOTING A safe footing is necessary to good workman ship. Where floors are hazardous, the spectre of possible accident and loss of income robs the workman of efficiency--slows his speed, renders his movements less sure, makes impos sible his undivided attention to his task. Sta tistics of the National Safety Council indicate that approximately one-sixth of industrial ac cidents are caused by falls, a large percentage of which could be prevented by proper floor protection. Carnegie Floor Plate provides an excellent safeguard for industrial flooring, stair treads, elevated platforms and many other places where a safe footing is necessary. Carnegie Floor Plate drains and cleans easily. It is rolled in a variety of widths and thicknesses. Its use is an investment which pays high dividends in efficiency and safety. Inquiries are invited. CflRHEGIE FLOOR PLATE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY it h s i il i n r y o f ( it [ I e </ S tale a >' I i> < f (' i> r p o r n I i <> it PITTSBURGH PENNSYLVANIA N AT10N AL SAFETY \FAYS 3 AMERICAN OPTICAL SERVICE Assures the Success of Your EYE .U* I'.-,-** Pmtertirw in n i-iutcral Electric Co. (JriTuiing Room SAFETY Program Our business) Is manufacturing eye protection equipment exactly suited to the service demands of every branch of industry. Besides providing sturdy, well-made goggles we believe that our re sponsibility to our customers includes putting the right goggle in the right place .. . To us that means helping you select for each particular job the one goggle which will give the greatest all-around eye protection, comfortable and efficient vision on that job. And. iu addition, it means helping you keep f *mEslirirnt iwt* Vrttt rrt inn those goggles in front of your men's eyes--where they belong. Only in helping you carry nut these two requisites to effective eye protection, can we--or any other safety goggle manufacturer--help you ami your organization make the maxi mum cut in production costs possible through the use of safety goggles... Vmeriean Optical Company eye protection experience and broad engi neering service are immediately available to help you make your eve accident prevent ion program profitably effective in ail its phases. AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY V V I lONW ID I. Si-:tt\ H :K ...... Branches in \I1 Principal Industrial t `enters Represented hi i.unada by Consolidated Optical Co.. Ltd. APRIL POt National Safety News %/ s5 Published monthly in the interest of accident | prevention and the health of industrial workers j jVOL. XXIX, No. 4 CONTENTS for APRIL, 1934 How Valuable Is a Human Being?--Frank L. Jones ........... How Wyomissing Industries Keep Clean--]. Earl Huthardt ..... Accident Prevention in the Recovery Program--Ordway lead . .. Evanston Again Leads in Traffic Safety ......................................... Why They Drive That Way--Alvhh R. Laaer. l>h. D........................ Streamlines and Safety ................................ .. Shall We Stop These Eye Losses ?--t 1. M. Briggs........ Westclox Makes Safety History--Carman T. Fish Why Not Modernize Your Drinking Water System? ..................... New York Conference Continues to Grow--Cyril Ainsworth Cross-Cut Saw Guards--industrial Data Sheet D-W2 ................... What Is a Dusty Factory?--E. (1. Meiter, M. I). ............. .. The Rocking Method of Resuscitation--H. W. Gentles, ALB., C.M. President Approves Code for Safety Equipment Industry ........ 9 11 13 1.4 15 19 20 1 26 j . 34 / .38 f . 50 If j Regular Departments htiifonal ..............................--...................... - - The Managing Director's Pace -- * The Sat'etv Kxehance ............. -S Sattdv Instruction Cards ---- >0 Industrial Health ... ^ The Bulletin Board . -- Mj l`..sOas ut the Mtmfh --H Iwrsuuals .... - . .'->2 The vdVtv Library....................................... f>6 The Honor Roll ... i\s Coming hvents ... 6-i Wnh (ho Manufacturei . 06 The Buyers Suxieo .......... VU The Accident Kirnmetei ............. .... ....."2 ji \ ? | \ i Cowman T. Pish, Editor G. M. Briggs. Associate Editor Si am ey H. Kershaw. Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager L'npyfifiht licit tv NAhnnjtl Sol't-tv Cdiini'il I110, jTnttod in Kutwod jis j*-e mathm .him1 [, p.d, .s t itn-i 1"..m Hluv a.u ..f March a tsW. Add Inona l <-*ut r > u f SI Jnsn-ph, Midi. f'ubhsUtMi uumthiv, 1 Utica an ill. under th*- The - ithsi. tUMf-L- im-1 u h>-1> mr , \n-a nniirs nu- ,.. Tit il\ , A , N A, P hiTT TKVVis j; >4,(HI VoalL ``ojims, In f>-Ill?L U- 'H.U'ed ij U..|. tl't j ts Itriivi- tor , .i i-'i 11 h< 1 r 1 p - hums and siiiiile ontnew mi ia-niu*sf Bubaerintions ay a tla-hle <<ntv tn ttu'iniicrs .*r the Aiitanruvl Fa-lVt \ > v.iineii. MomhtU' \udtt Bureau u 'imiia t inn Tilts tiui liH/niie is iird**>md tu ttm in u Usi I ia 1 Arts liuiry. JA'heimuitsi ii'ini inuirinm* sd v an<-m| in st'.MM-d artn'Ws at *< t.( b,, utmet-Mnod as indiyidua.1 *-Apre-"iS|i>ns -d rltoir nuMtui'S, nut or the A'attonal cTh-ty 1 '<*ntHll National Safety Connell, Ine. < 'rrr .pel npi'e tiuinuTfhti Vmi-pfUrperd--SA'D-NVePrem/t* 211 North \\ acker Sirius i Ihieagu. I. . S. New lurk ' Uiii-f. East I t-t Street Office <4 1 lie hduention Division. I Park Ave.. Yew York Cttv 4 National Safety Council Officers, 1933-1934 I'IMn !;. I .use, President Kobert L .`.tun, Viet* president for Public safety .1, K, Cl'LUXey. Vice President for Engi neering. 0. T. Hitimcih, Vice-President for Fi nance L, \V. .Smith. Vice-President for Admin istration Lew H, pAj.Mut, Vice-Pres dent tor Safe ty houncii* IT T. SoLtiNSTEN. Vice-President for Membership H, NVarr-i., Vice-President for Industrial Safety <Asm ns f{t Watson, Vice-President for Health Ann-ur W. Whitney, Vice-President for Kducafion Wn.LiAM E. Worth, Treasurer W. IT, lAmeieon. Secretary ami Maiiagiug ilireetor. Executive 1 Committee .Members at Large The Urr irt RS amp Howwu K, Fonoa. Burt'iJUfilis-SS ell come aV To,. itj.S.A. K Inn, Utho M, tiRAYLs, Ltcnerai Trushed Stone 0>rp. fl.Ultn A, NCHLl.l/, i Sterl Harry lirirjiKHT, The Pullman Co. W, }). ,/ames, James Alimuiuctunna c.o. \hKEHT S. Hian i Indurtr.al Heluliohs f ,otmsHIors, ine. iil.iiHOE h, NAN i tJUU. (reijei'U l Kleptrir Cr>, L,i sn:h !>. Slvmoi <, Aitierjenti Airwavs, Inc. ,umin< M. 1`uni-:, ConsuIttriK Mari tie F.nyjtler-f RepreNetiting Safety I u.umuils mni-ojm !hvk, Memphis, !Vuu, in U Ft-v';n i., Chicago, ill. hnvu.a A, FisKiiiiLsm, Tg'i-.i.i si Frwuun \r. Ktu.MJ.. {Ivaiiston, Ul, Henry T Mixnru. Idizalmtli, X, T John Urssuu., su,. New ark. S, -L IT i,, Immiimis. \'W ffavtoi, i min, R.-pre.eiiting Se'-tion? I- vkl F, Plank , Meta's Hutoio Hon- M \n. Ntreci and Uiglnspv Ti-idllc M. ,1. Mi.O.imts. Vutomniise uni Mil- cimie Shop Hi'ei.l W, Is i rr, Aevident Pree.-idion Hfiuipmeut MarmfaeHirers V, M, Pi-pi'i.h, Puhlic 1 tilities .Mii.oioilHJiv.HHAuhsi.ts 11. Hi nt, jiel.very (-, *\ U111 \t*. .\\M ,-l`;nftineerinn e.i.i Presidents Uoisi.ai W, i'uiphi-i t Aanitu f. Mmo-\ la ss ii. im.MlvK invfli ViV NrH.Ui.lv* lUl.l'H I HintiAftPS* tT.tnns p. for man AhTHI U H. !`i dl Sti >Uai,t s A, Bow Lewis A. indii.ms i.yu. U, hinwuis H, Scorr Walitr it. King HoMi.h K. ?\Ti-:s/.* Lr,-t oi , IIi-mo A. Kenjnoi h C, L,itir\i, Pi:mtmNi lakj. W. Hr.Kooi r.sT Inns l, Pan asII Honorary Members Hiiui ini \\, *: .uiprem, Cmh.ivi'ius' mi IhttN A: Vrn-.n KuaTRtcA- FNoISI i-hs \hthik Williams 5 . . . and show yourself why LAVA SOAP helps prevent infections You know that in the average plant, industrial dermatoses head the list of industrial diseases. You know also that most tvpes of dermatoses are caused by dirt in various forms. When you find some way to get workers' hands dean quickly, completely and gently, authorities agree, you've gone a long way towards solving this serious problem. We invite you to prove for yourself that Lava Soap gets the grimiest hands dean in less than a minute and, at the same time, actually protects the skin. The lest we suggest is this: Go into your plant and get your own hands grimy in the same way . , , with the same dirt . . . that your workers do. Then wash your hands with Lava Soap. See tor yourself how Lava's thick, heavy lather takes the surface dirt, Then watch how quickly its pumice .. . so fine and powdery that it cannot injure the skin, gets ail the ground-in dirt. Notice, if you will, how soft and smooth Lava leaves your skin. That is because Lava contains a generous sup ply of glycerine and other soothing oils which protect the skin, help heal up little nicks and scratches, keep hands from getting chapped and raw. And Lava possesses definite germicidal qualities. Tests prove that as a preventive against most common bacteria, Lava is 5 to 10 times as affective as carbolic acid. We will be glad to send you free . . . with no obligations , . , a full-sized cake of Lava so that you can prove tor yourself that Lava is a safe, efficient, economical method of reducing your rate of preventable infections. TAKES THE DIRT . . . PROTECTS THE SKIN FREE... LAVA SAFETY POSTERS Safety Directors of leading industrial plants m alt parts of the country have ` rvjueateJ these posters mi are now < mjr muffinghst- A new s-t of pouters ?s tnwsieii out cv^v two months, Thev sire yours merely by tilling out and mailing this coupon to Procter da Gamble i.'o,t Dept. LNS-44, Box 1K01, tL.mcmnati, Ohio. ,V,uNe_ U / / VAIID fAUIIY 1 `""'LI r r,wor._~. f i(V---------- --- .\i.trnher Wanted--........... .................... ........................ Pleoxe* tui tne free nJI-yttited umip/ft c*t Lavo tnr mv .m>n use APRIL. 1934 COMMON SENSE DEMANDS ALL-AROUND IN ALL NEW AUTOMOBILES i omronn sense decreed four-wheel brakes for increased safety.. . created bumpers for greater protection ... devised traffic signals as a safeguard, llnramon sense trow demands that the one great remaining danger in motoring . . .broken. Hying glass ... be lessened as far as it is humanly practicable to do so. The means are at hand. Safety Glass ALL-AROl A L* can he provided in any new ear at a cost that adds less than 1.50 to each of 12 payments. Many agencies are doing all that they can to impress this upon the car-buying public ami to emphasize the importance of TELLING THE DEALER that the new ear is to he delivered with Safety Glass in all the windows. Anything that can he done to help spread this information i surely in the interest of greater public safety. Li BUKA-OWENS-FORD < XASS < ioMPAN V, TOLEDO, t WHO f'ttr information and prices on Safety' (dass call any' iAhhev thvens * Ford deafer listed in the "Where- fo-ihiv- it"" section of your local telephone hook. Lib rey* Owens Ford % SAFETY GLASS WTION-VL SAFETY NEWS W ayihwal Safety Mews Published by National Safety Council, Inc. APRIL. 1934 Vol. XXIX, No. 4 7 Sanitation and Saintliness f~\ TT^IDE cleanliness has come to he regarded as evidence V_/ of spiritual grace. Well scrubbed sinners and un washed saints are merely exceptions to the rule which applies to communities as well as to individuals. Higher standards of cleanliness are among the great accomplishments of the twentieth century. If we were to lie suddenly transported into one of the previous centuries our nostrils would receive a severe shock. Bathing remained a lost art for centuries after the fall of the Roman empire. The hardy barbarians from the north had no use for such effeminate customs, and the early Christian fathers associated personal rieanliness with the lasciviousness of their oppressors. Municipal sanitation likewise reached a low ebb. In an age when the minds of men were concentrated cm dogmas, tilth in the streets and pollution of food and water were of minor interest to the leaders of church and state. Some of the more enlightened did have the temerity to suggest that cleaning up might help to prevent the recurring plagues. But their ideas were regarded as visionary, if not blasphem ous. and people continued to put their trust in incantations, We can imagine what would have happened in the days of c'ojXTnicus and Galileo to any one who had dared to assert that accidents could be prevented. Some of the elementary principles of sanitation were known even in the ancients. Aristotle, for example, warned the troops of Alexander the Great to "hoi! their water and bury their dung." But the wisdom of the past was forgotten, and European cities of the middle ages, according to contemporary writers, were vast cesspools. Industry has its part in community cleanliness. The standards set in the shop will be reflected throughout the town. The factory owes it to the community to make every effort to avoid polluting the air and streams. By maintain ing safe and hygienic working conditions anti facilities for personal cleanliness industry is maintaining both the health and the wit-respect of employees. Indifference aMY EXPERIENCE with labor gangs convinces me IT A that few employers ever tick passive resistance." said Whiting Williams in a recent issue of Nation's Business. Few men understand the worker (tetter than Mr. Williams, This coincides with a remark by the pastor of our suburban church that among groups of non-churchgoers he had found few people who were hostile to religion. There were, how ever, large numbers hn were neither hot nor cold but just lukewarm. The problem for both the employer .and the church, which is shared by the safety movement, is that of arousing interest, it lias been years since we have heard anybody denouncing APRIL, 1934 the safety movement for trying to undermine the virility of the human race but the great mentally inert mass known as the public is still unresponsive, except to large scale tragedy. "The whole safety movement would be easier to carry forward if we could convince the responsible people of the country that they are placing at great hazard the most, im portant values they have- - namely human values." says Frank L. Junes in the leading article. ft used to lie considered sordid to place a cash value on a human being. Xuw we realize that it dignifies a man to be Minacious of his value. When people realize these * nines they will cease to be indifferent. In This Issue 44JPAI WORTH more dead than alive." Every life insurJL ance agent has heard that story many times, it is often made seriously but without full realization of the values involved. A man's life insurance estate may exceed the value of his other tangible assets but he usually ignores the most important item- -his potential future earnings. A lump sum settlement of a life insurance or compensation claim may look large but very rarely will it replace the income that has been lost. Frank I... Jones, a prominent- life insurance executive, presents a somewhat new conception of human \alues and shows us that many of the arguments used in selling life insurance can be used equally well in selling safety. iPageM Here is the story of a housekeeping program that has few equals for thoroughness. It is of timely interest at this season, f Page 10) t 'ongratulattons to Evanston, and to the other cities in their respective groups, which proved by their showing in i lie Fecond National Falety < ontest that traffic accidents could be checked. iPage 14) More men at work means at least a temporary' increase in accident rates, according to the general experience. Ordwav bead, lecturer on personnel administration at Columbia Uni versity mid editor of technical honks for Harper A Bros,, points out the four major issues in the problem which require fresh thought and an extension of effective methods, t Page 13) Ur. Alvhh K, Latter, who makes psychology understand able and even entertaining, is back in this issue with another article on the mental and emotional factors which are responsible for erratic driving, ( Page 15 ) Eye losses still rank high among the accident costs because industry' is slow to adopt the methods which have proved resultful, < Page 201 Nearly ten years ago the editor visited a plant which, acrordine to the standards of those days, had made remark able progress in safety. Actually, they hadn't even started then. At the time of going to press the unbroken record of site man-hours had passed 7,200,000. ( Page 23) The Managing Director's Page ,-i Sacrifice to (Jn preparedness "VHIS morning's papers carried headlines stating that President Roosevelt had suspended the air mail service until a safety program could be devised for the protection of pilots. It would seem that the realization of the need for safety comes a trifle late. Ten pilots have been killed during the first three weeks that the army has carried the air mail--a terrific casualty list for a peace time occupa tion. f realize that any comment on this situation may be attributed to partisan motives. Criticism of the government may be interpreted by some as hostility toward the present Administration, while silence in so serious a situation may be regarded by others as pussyfooting. f am not in sympathy with those who are looking for every opportunity to embarrass the Administration. The party system of government, it must be admitted, has certain inevitable weaknesses, and these defects are fostered by the fatalistic cynicism of those who feel that all governments are inevitably corrupt and inefficient, and that all we can do about it is to clean house every few years. President Roosevelt has tackled the tremendous problems of the age with courage and frankness. Unfortunately INTERESTING ITEMS ' PUE complete -iorv of the cci't ,street and highway accident T experience--:.i full -L.ii newspaper beet aa, prepared for the leading newspapers of the country and was generally accepted for its human interest and dramatic value. Other publicity events of the month: Eddie Cantor made a liveminute talk on Safety, Sunday evening, March -I; the Saturday Evening Po>.t on pages 72 and 7,! of the March 17 issue has given significant publicity to safetv; Ubnrty magastine has started a new series relating to safe driving. The announcements have been made of the winners of the 1933 National Traffic Safetv Contest anti all preparations are being made for the Ceremonial Luncheons to he held in the winning cities about noon time March 28. Tune iri at 2:00 to 2:30 p.m_ eastern standard time, March 28. or at the other hours in different parts of the country for the special radio program to he broadcast over the NBC network. The 1935 Safety Calendar is now in the printer's hands. Twelve beautiful paintings produce an idea on safety never before pre sented to our membership and their families--Around the World with Safety. Vpe will recognize the everydav problems in the factories and in the homes on the reverse side of earh of the twelve -Iieets, The i**33 < `nmtre Tnmsaetions were mailed to all members; the Greater New York and other Regional Safety (.onfereuees are bringing out larcer audienee-: our membership G inereusing; interest is being simulated to reinstitute its old-time safety program. governments are no more infallible than those who elect them. And those of us who have been engaged in association work cun appreciate the utter impossibility of pleasing everybody. Amid ail the conflicting statements it is difficult to form any dear opinions, and it is hardly safe to venture any dogmatic statements based merely upon newspaper com ment. IYincerning the events leading up to the cancellation of the air mail contracts we have only the haziest knowledge, ho far we have seen no statements which seemed unbiased and dispassionate. But whether the cancellation of the con tracts was justified or not. the assignment of carrying the ait mail to army pilots was carried out with a distressing lack of understanding of the nature of the work. First of all. there is a fundamental difference between military and civilian attitudes, which is reflected in the train ing of the pilots. The pilot of a combat or bombing plan has for his objective the infliction of the greatest possible damage to the enemy; on the civilian air lines the safety of the mail and passengers is the first consideration. To In sure, even the army has outgrown the old worship of valornnstupiditv which sacrificed men in forlorn hopes like the charge of the Light Brigade, but the ideals of the service.are inevitably different. The failure of experiment reflects no discredit upon the army flyers. They did their best under the handicaps of inadequate training and unsuitable equipment. Whateve* may be said about the air contracts from rhe standpoint of fairness to ail parties concerned, it cannot be denied that tb air lines devoted much attention to the training of personne. and the development of equipment for the express purposof attaining safety and reliability. The transportation <e both mail and passengers by air represents a forward step and it would be regrettable indeed if it should suffer any setback because of needless casualties. At present writing air mail service has been suspendec (lending the development of a safety "program," and the equipping of planes with safety devices. Apparently .amigovernment officials share the delusion held by many indus trialists that installing a few safeguards and starting a pr gram are sufficient to prevent accidents. The industrirwhich today are showing real results in accident, preventior have spent years in training their personnel in the ways safety and developing a real safety consciousness. The National Safety Council is deeply appreciative of rn<Adminisirat ion's attitude toward safety as shown in the pro gram of the CWA, both for the protection of the workers or its projects and the help rendered in making traffic studie.But the death of ten flyers and injuries to many more in the air mail service cannot be overlooked, and a friendly, coopera tive. altitude toward the government does not require silence Public convenience requires the air mail, but public conscience demands that it be conducted without needless loss of life. NATIONAL SAFETY NF.W.- 9 How Valuable Is a Human Being? By FRANK L. JONES Vice-f'retident, The Equitable Life A.tsurimre Society of the C. S. A larger support for safety work could be secured it the public could be made to real ize the economic loss that occurs when a human being is killed or maimed Y< H are safety men. You under stand that there is no important reason why anything should be made safe unless it is valuable. Human life is the most economically valuable thing we have. It has taken generations of the development of prop erty and of life to realize that important values attach to anything other than property. From the beginning of social organizations down to the present, there lias been traffic in human beings as prop erty, The condition of widespread slavery was eliminated in our own en lightened country oniv within the life time of thousands of our people who are yet living. Citizens of this country, now living, were formerly owned as slaves. In the exchange of people for money or commodities there was no sense of im portant value attached to the human Seeing other than that attached to any other units of animal power, such as horses and oxen. In some parts of the world there is yet the condition of en slavement of the human being. Within the present generation only have we seen the rapid evolution of the idea that a human being is valuable quite aside from his being merely property. When 1 was a lad, my father took me to the bounty <'ourt House to witness the i onduct of a trial so that i might have practical observation of the pro cesses of civil government which sub ject was taught in public schools. The issue in court was raised by a widow whose husband had been killed on a railroad in the < 'ounty. she claimed damages of $7,ui>0, The richest man in our township was worth less than that .-(mount. Accordingly, it seemed to me that the widow's estimate of the value of her husband was excessive; in fact, 1 had heard it said that there were many vtomen in the vicinity who would will ingly ,!;/' their husbands away. It is important to note that in the trial of this issue the railroad did not contest the facts. The evidence was tlear that, ex treme negligence was involved. There was not a compensation law in that state or in any other state at that time. There were no rules by which human values could be ascertained. 'The railroad's contention was that it was just another accident and that people should protect themselves against the danger of acci dents. The verdict of the uutrt was an assessment of damages in the amount of $1,500. incidents of that kind were numerous in early damage suits in which human life was impaired or destroyed. Out of such cases grew damages for the loss of limb or sight or other injuries which did not result in death. Later, there was de veloped the theory of total and perma nent disability and the attempt to define it in terms of the loss of two limbs or of sight nr of hearing. The damages even in partial disabilities began to mount into large figures. The Evolution of Compensation ' tut of the merely haphazard determi nation of damages, which certainly rested upon human values, there was the great need to develop orderly procedure in such chaotic conditions. The result was the evolution of the civil laws of com pensation. Here was a fast moving de velopment from the consideration of the human being as property, to one of an individual of responsibility and. there fore, of human value. Life insurance companies had been insuring lives for many years prior to the abolition of slavery and the determi nation of human values. It seems strange that life insurance developed along lines of social protection rather than that of life values. The early argu ments given for the purchase of life in surance were based upon the uses to which the proceeds of the policy were rn be put- not upon the fact that a valu able human life was to become obliterat ed. Even today, the presentation and the purchase of life insurance has not reached anything like the conception it should have of supplying the continuing values to dependents which would have been supplied if the valuable human being had continued to live and earn. A momentous step in this connection was taken by the United States fiovernrnent upon mir entry into the World War. .Millions of young men--smie mere hoys- were brought into the serv ice of their country. A value upon their lives was enacted into law. Ten thou sand dollars was considered to he the human value at risk, whether the young man were a common laborer, a clerk, a professional man or a student. Large numbers of these young men had not vet engaged in occupational life. Their earn ing capacity was nil. However, the con ception of human value had so grown among us that with practical unanimity we provided by law for a common de nominator of human value. All over this country the men and women of maturer years and of great occupational responsi bility made quiet comparison of the value of their own lives with those of untrained youth. The deductions were made that adult life is vastly more valu able in dollars and cents than most people had previously thought. Out standing in importance, however, was the conception of human life as having such great individual monetary value. Here and there the leaders of industry had developed conceptions of human values as distinguished from property values. An illustration of this is given in a reported statement made by Andrew <. arnceie. His statement seems rn have Steen essentially this: "You may take from me the buildings and machinery and transportation lines whirh I own, and I will rebuild, if you will leave my men with me; but if you take my men and leave only my material equipment, ! cannot rebuild." Individual lives are insured for i Please turn to paee Jts j APRIL. 1934 10 How Wyomissing liiclnstrios Koop Clean By j. EARL RUTHARDT Editor, "The Yarn Carrier," ICyomissing industries '% W FHE\ the first unit of the W %/ Wyomissing Industries was v -.farted forty - two years ago the management recognized the subject of plant housekeeping as a major oper ating problem. The rule which has stood the test m generations, 'have everything in order and order in everything. ' was observed then as. it is today, cleanli ness and orderliness have always been matters of prime importance in the growth of the industries from a small machine shop with .1 handful of men to a group of plants covering nu acres and employing nearly 7.0U0 men and women. The Wyomissing Industries, known the world owr for their products, con sist of three separate and independent units: The Textile Machine Works, manu facturers of full-fashioned knitting ma chines. The Berkshire Knitting Mills, manu facturers of full fashioned hosiery. The Marrow Fabric Company, manu facturers of notions. Located in the lH.-uutii.ui town of Wynmissinsc neat Reading, the ituluatries as well as the town are well known to those Kiting that part of fennsyl\ ania. Tears ago. before it was gem-rally be ing considered in industry, the Textile Machine Works, then still in its infancy, -1 rapped its overhear! power transmis-icm equipment and installed motor drives. This improvement was under taken at a. heavy cost to eliminate the ihadow-i and let more sunlight into the shop. I'onr light has a direct and un favorable effect upon work. The very environment of a clean, bright plant ex ercises a powerful influence on the work man. putting him in the spirit of pmducing mure and better work. Sunlight -'-hows up dirt. It is the best inspector imaginable. If there is one thing that a dirty wall nr 1 grimy floor can t stand it is a straight shot of sunlight. What may pass with an tllv in a dim light often looks mighty bad when exposed to mniight. Good light serves many ends. It is especially important in these industries where tine, < lose work, accuracy and precision are absolutely i-"ential. it also reduces the chances of work being poiled. lessens the possibility of e>e-frain, ami aids in accident prevention. It costs little beyond the etfort involved in permitting it to i-nter. The windows of the buildings of these industries if joined together would cover a total surface of some 111 -s acres. Every one of these windows is washed, inside and out. on an average of once a month. An army of approximately 20tj men is engaged in this war against dirt, "This force, including 10 painters and 20 gardeners, is engaged continuously in the work of keeping the buildings, equip ment and grounds dean and in order. It is only for convenience in designa tion that these men are called cleaners, sweepers, window washers, painters, pick-up men, gardeners, etc. They artfar more than cleaners. By their con stant attention ro the job given them they increase the efficiency of the men anti women who work at machines or tire directly concerned in cither ways with the manufacture of the products. If there is any truth in the old say ing that one may judge a farmer's preducts by merely looking at his fences then one may estimate the quality .1 a plant's products by observing the win dows, `nveephiir anrl other methods uf eiean- inii by hand have been replaced large ly by the varttuni jituiri*. are equipped with a vacuum cleaning -s-tem with Inlet valve* < onvenientlv loc'iited. .NATIONAL SAFETY NEW: Painting, like window cleaning, gue> on continuously. Always some building, interior or exterior. is being painted. Ceilings and walls covered with glossy white paint reflect the maximum amount, of sunlight. In the Berkshire Knitting Mills especially, many departments suggest enormous surgical wards, for wherever possible work tables are topped with lustrous white vitrified ware. The washers of the II1.- acres of windows let in the sunlight, and the painters see that what the sunlight falls upon is good to hmk :n. Between the visits of the painters the washing squad keeps the wails free from dirt. Kvery square foot of floor space in the entire industries B swept daily--in >me places twice ,t day. The compo sition of the floors in the various build ings determine* the method of cleaning, 'weeping ami similar methods of i lean ing by hand have been replaced larged by the sacuum process. Most of the buildings are equipped with the vacuum cleaning system with inlet valves, con veniently located, to which the clean ing implements are attached. All office furniture and other equipment through out the mills, .-an-h ns t ahinets, closets, loi kers, etc., stand on bases not less than six inches from the tloor so that a sweep er can get under 'eery easily. ( leaning all the buildings represents quite a fob its there are 2.iMO,a05 square feet of floor space in the various build ings. True, a i ertain portion of ir i> ot cupied by machinery but more than half of it is accessible to the cleaners. In supplement the daily cleaning, all except the creosote block floors are washed by machine once a month, ITte II Daily rivalling of floors i -uppieimmted by regular warring iy machine. Pii-k-up men ki->*p the around.' free from littor. A PRIL. 1934 Special creut* clean the knitting mariune* at the Berkshire Knitting MilJj* every day. two large garages for employees' cars are washed once a week. Tables, benches and all non-mechan ical equipment are also cleaned every day. Lavatories, wash basins, looker rooms, lockers, etc., likewise are muck-r ed sanitary and spotless daily. Kvery hit of metal that will take a polish gets it regularly. In the Berkshire Knitting Mills and the Barrow Fabric ( onipany special i raws are at work every day cleaning the knitting ami braiding machines. The use of these trained cleaners on the knitting machine makes it. unnecessary for knitters to stop their machines dur ing working hours for cleaning purposes, as the cleaning squad goes on duty after regular working hours. At the textile Machine Works tne last hour of the week is reserved for the ' leaning of all machines by tho-r who operate them. The gardening department, .it course, maintains the well-groomed appearance of the landscaped grounds. Pick-up Even the foundry, which we believe to be the largest foundry under one roof in the world, is an example of orderli ness and cleanliness. Its S3,000 window panes provide ample sunshine. There was a time when the idea of keeping a foundry dean seemed ridiculous, yet this foundry is swept- scoured and se-rubbed with the same thoroughness as the other plants. Cleanliness in in dustry is relative, of course. A clean foundry would not be considered clean from the point of view of a food factory. Connected with all grinding equip ment both in the Textile Machine Works and the foundry are the powerful suc tion pipes of the dust arrestors. As soon as any particle of fiber or metal drops from the wheels that produce it, it is drawn into the pipes to be shot into the collector bins. This operation lias much to do with the cleanliness of the indus tries, and serves as an illustration of the emphasis laid on t ieaniiness and healthful working conditions in the Wvomissing industries. Murray Drivers Operate Million Safe Miles XE MILLION miles without an O accident during ITI3 is the record of a group of commercial drivers for the Murray Corporation of America and the jenks & Muir Manufacturing Company, of Detroit, who were reiently given a banquet and commended for their achievements. These Murray groups have won the Class "B" FWV.A. Fitzsimmons Trophy, which is awarded by the Detroit indus trial Safety Council. This was present er) at the banquet, at the I.ee-Haza Hotel, after which the drivers were taken to the 'Ivtnpia to witness a Du>t urnMors op**r;tlwi b> -K powerful motor'* r#*luoe to a minimum the in hockey game. Speakers at the banquet ftmiuirv of the Textile Machine \V orks. were j. Wesley Brown, of the Detroit I'olice Safety Bureau, and L. C, Hill, general manager. W. j. McMichael. men armed with pointed sticks patrol the walks and driveway* surrounding the buildings, picking up paper atui litter. Because the industries are lot ated in park surroundings there is plenty to keep the gardening department busy, for the close-cropped green lawns stretch out around the buildings* and the walls of all but the newes buildings are covered with ivy and screened with >hruhbery at the base. superintendent of transportation, and R. A. Shaw, .-Lifety director, all of the Murray Corporation. The achievement of these drivers is all the mure remarkable when we recall that the pedestrian in these unsettling days, instead of watching his ntep am; trying to keep an eye out for the in creasing hazards of the streets and high ways. seems to have bn ome even more .. .art-less than usual, due perhaps to dje prevailing mental fog resulting from the recent depression. Mr, Edwards, who has driven the One** a tin* floors in thti 'IVxtihr Machim* Work* ,ir** -praytii with ilis* infeotant. .Murray mail truck for the past live years believes that tort much speed is unnecessary as well as unsafe. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Accident Prevention in the Recovery Program By ORDWAY TEAL) l.ectnrer in Personnel Administration, Columbia ('nivrrsity Four major issues require fret<h thought and an extension of effeclive methods if accident ratess are to be held at the lowest point eneral Johnson is re G sponsible for the statement that the NRA has put nearly three million men back to work. The problem of new hiring today includes, of course, the taking on of some new workers who have never before been in industry. It is not surprising, therefore, that industry should be especially concerned about the aa idem problem at the present moment. For we are all familiar with the fact that any period of new hiring means at least a temporary increase in accident rates. 1 have been asked to consider the newer aspects of the accident problem under present day conditions, and I would like to suggest that there are at least four major issues which require fresh thought and a new extension of rffertive methods if accident rates are to be held at the lowest possible point. ft is an axiom with safety men that `accidents do not happen, they are caused," And it is upon this assump tion that I should like to refer briefly to four important accident causes.- The first is the need for careful sdection of workers with special reference to questions raised by the initial physical examination. I'he second has to do with the technique of rank and file training. The third has to do with more effective safety training for supervisors. And the fourth with the importance of an early identification of those who are prone to accidents--the accident addicts. The ("iinference ("ommktee on Indus trial Medicine and Traumatic Surgery of (he American follege of Surgeons recently completed a three year study of problems of physical examination in industry. Of the plants studied, only .'15 per cent had initial physical exami nations. Only > per cent had periodic reexaminations. They pointed out, for example, that in one tannery of 1800 workers where there were no physical examinations they discovered 2 5 un protected hernias and 25 serious defects o' vision. Dr. M. K. Fulk of Ohio has in recent years been paying special attention to the limitations in the value of physical examinations as now given. He has found both tin astonishing variation from company to company in the thoroughness of the examination and a serious failure to relate specific defects to possible accident hazards. In the journal of Aviation Medical Review in 1930. he has offered a remark ably effective standardization of the physical examination which provides a really full check list of the necessary items and suggests really suitable stand ards if accident and other hazards are going to be minimized in subsequent employment. Dr, Fulk seems to have established usefully the point that where workers are markedly below- par physically they may constitute a real accident hazard both to themselves and other workers. Such familiar items as defective hearing, sight and teeth, low physical resistance, a predisposition to tuberculosis, may create dangerous predisposition to acci dent which it is only common decency to anticipate. Indeed, Dr. hulk's work with this type of thorough physical examination in several companies has yielded over ,t. period of years both a marked reduction in accident rate and an increase in individual working effi ciency. Better Methods of Selection It is for these reasons that I would like to leave with you the thought that us we start to attack the accident prob lem afresh, we must tie into our program with lietter methods of introductory and periodic physical examination. It should further he mentioned in re lation to this, and as one of the newer trends, that the general employment interview has unquestionably to be im proved and broadened in its scope from now on. The employment offices of our corporations have increasingly to be made to see that they must look for uimethine more than immediate job fit ness in applicants. \lready a few progressive department stores are giving us a hint of a method which must gradually be extended,-- even though its application to industry may require modifications. These stores are building up their initial interview around what they call a total personality approach. This means briefly that they are trying to get the facts about such matters as the following: family history, health history, educational history, work history, social history. They are con cerned to make some estimate of emo tional stability, of temperamental fac tors, of energy, intelligence, interests and aptitudes. Vi hi can readily see that if industry will take its initial interview more seri ously. there will be less danger that people with a family history of epileptic fits or of morbid melancholia or of weak lungs will be put at work where such limitations may create accident hazards. My second point is that we have nor .ret convinced enough managers and training directors <>t the truth of the slogan that the most efficient worker is the safest worker. A job training pro gram presupposes an organized turrect standard practice for each job. And the right way of doing any job is the safe way. If job instruction is thoroughly done and right mental and motor habits are really built up. a great gain will have been made. Fntil our whole job training program is conducted as a program of training in -afe and efficient methods, it will he weak in a crucial link. Personally. I believe we have now to go further than this. We have to con sider the worker's total attitude and relation to the company. It seems to tne that today such questions as the fol lowing inevitably arise: Is the new worker made to feel that he belongs.' Is he introduced into his department and to his associates in a sympathetic way? is his presumed long-time relation to the company stressed and helped to be reenforced? How does he come to know that the company is interested in him i Mease turn to pave tu , APRIL, 193 J- 14 Evanston Again Loads in Traffic Safety Wins (iraiul Prize in National Traffic Safety Contest for the second consecutive vear HE leading cities of the United TMates once more showed their interest in traffic safety by com peting during l Oil, in the Second National Traffic Safely Contest spon sored by the National Safety Council. A complete list of cities honored for their accomplishments among the 2S7 con testants is shown in the accompanying table. With but few exceptions the task of selecting the winner was extremely diffi cult, and a corps of workers has been at work since the first of the year study ing the available evidence submitted by the cities. The accompanying table contains a complete list of the honored cities. While it is fairly large, including as it does those cited for Honorable .Mention, it should be remembered that they were selected from a list of NH7 ontestants. With but few exceptions the task of selecting the winner was extremely diffi cult and ,i corps of workers has been winnowing and sifting all available evi dent e since the first of the year. Had it been simpiy a question of selecting those i ities with the lowest motor vehicle death rates for i'-OA or even one ot selecting those which have made the greatest reduction over previ ous tears, the jolt would have been rela tively simple. The terms ot the contest, however, stipulated that awards would be made for "the greatest traffic safety progress in ln.y," not only based on the reduction in traffic accidents bur also upon the enactment of regulations, the setting up of administrative machinery, and the conduct of organized educational activities which, according to general experience, are certain to bring eventual accident decreases. Thus, no city could win either on a lucky traffic death record atone, or upon a paper program which did nor actually produce results. Alsu, the standard ot itirisrimr was elastic enough So that small cities would not he judged by nn-iropofitati t.nidarus. or \tce \ersa. E he grading schedule, on the basis of Vi inner- of I 'bid National Traffic Safety Contest -.KAMI PRIZE Evanston. 111. KOI P I -.over ,'.(10,(10(1 Populationi i. Milwaukee, Win. Lb Pittsburgh. Pa. S. Boston. Mass. Honorable Mention: Tleveiunil, Ohio: troit, ilicli. De Rill ( If iLi.iit.iultl to ,ant.iltlO Population! 1, Providence, if. !. Lb Rochester, N. V. S, Oakland. 1 -nit. Honorable Mention: Dallas, Texas; Hous ton, Texas; Washington. D. (b: tSewack, :v ,i. OROI'P II/ i (mi,iiiiu to g.iii.vnn populationi I, (,rmitl Rapids. Me h. Vo. Bedford. Mass, 3, Springfield, .Mass. Honorable Mention: fwrucusc. \ Eliza beth. X, Wiimmstton. Del.; Reading, Pa.; Fort W.ivne. imh: Flint. Mich,: Uiattanoouu, Tenn.: Duluth, Minn,: Wichita. Kan.: Erie. Pa.; Camden. V ,1. i.RUl P l\ ,.;tr mm to tOO.iinii poputalum' F fsaiiston, ill, Montgomery, Ala. 1, ( nkewood, * Ihio Honarnhtr Mention; Berkeley, Calif,; ,'jtiniiw, .Mich.: Oak Park. III.; Oreeti-boro. X. (V: \iistm. i'cxa-: Madison, Wi-.i i tin enpocl, lowa: I nion City. \, J, DROIT' \ iMMi tn ,j*umn fNtjH|itltHMI I i, imoJ <hi j m*. Wi-. Dfibuqur. I own i, OwUrn. Shuiorfihlr \h>nttnn: '*rt`at Kall-s, Mont,: rt. Ma.: l.wHilmrs. \ Bn*. rlv. \U^. i,Hoi V \ 1 In mm l Uo.iMHi fbipu(:it,oii I t .:ii rr;mni,t ifl. l*ytti|Ki. I f's.j' Uj-.OH U N , V , Uimornhlf> l/onffon .* Munfvato. VI inn.: I -;< iHM-k. V ,f.: Oanitiur. \tn"iwr Hernia. Olim: \Hu*rt I Minn.; SamtU'-. Ma*-.; ! ainmml, \\, \ a.: Owo^-m, Midi.: '/nr-n// < t rriurtitr nf iliTltl l atiramro Hjirk. 111. 110 points for a p^iect score, was as follows: 1. Accident Record, rids included both tixe motor-vehicle death rate and the percentage ot ieduction m such death rate a- compared with the a'.crime of the mrce preceding yeats. A maximum of `A) points was allowed under this item. Accident repotting, : points, C Tiartic engmc-ering, 10 points. 4. Traffic law enforcement, rj points, s. Child safety. HI points. <i Public education, lu points. ", Community safety organization, to points. This scoring system, calculated to give every city in the country an equal chance to win regardless of its previous record or previous accident prevention work, required an immense amount of labor before the actual leaders could be decided. All cities entered in the contest were required to make regular reports on their fatal and non-fatal accidents through out the year and also to make occasional reports of their engineering, enforce ment. and educational activities. As these were made, progress was judged on the basis of how closely the city was holding to the methods which, because they were tried and proven, would bring accident reduction in a city of its size. At the end of the year, each i ity was asked to submit a final report of its work along each of the lines mentioned in the grading schedule. following several weeks spent at grading these final reports by xtntisti- < tans, engineers, and educational exper.s on the National Safety t'ouncil staff, the reports were turned over to a compeVn*. and impartial "ouimiitee of judges. I'homas IT. MacDonald. Chief, T Bureau of Roads, Washington, I>. f\ -erved as. chairman of this , nmniiuee. He was assisted by Dr. Miller McL'lintnck. Director, Erskine Bureau for Street Traffic Research, Harvard t'n:- versity. and Rubert I. I'utlin. Vice- President for Public hafety. National Safety <Vmnc.il. This summit lee made the final decision in all cases. It was bei a use the rare was -m .'rise in several of the groups, ,,nd because the tinai report on the whole was eA,,.. lent that the judges designated from wn to eleven cities for Honorable Mention. \i cording to the original plan, `he judges named erne ' ity for the grand prize. Whereas a yc-r ago the records of Evanston and Pittsburgh were both - excellent that it was impossible to do. o- between the two, this year Evanston lw the field by such a wide margin that it. was declared sole winner. During 11 : : omy live persons iosi their lives Enron.*-- traffic arrtdents. a record made the more i Ph'tm' turn in /me/ a.i - NATIONAL SAFETY NEW- 15 mY" IHUltDL ymT ^1ilf IIIim ^ORk'w 1flIfliFHi H1P.%M tSl vjinii 1THI.el#l 1li1H fai'Hji.'7 By ALVIIH R. LAUER. Ph. D. Aasarintp Professor of Psychology, Imvn State College Accident proneuess may be tielined as "the mind at mischief," intentionally or unintentionally X A SERIES of previous articles view of exponents of the left wing in I the author set forth certain psycho- modern psychological theory. Such terms - logical factors of accident-prone as "subconscious mind," "instincts,'' ness. This article goes into the mute "consciousness" and similar concepts are detailed aspects of those traits which in quite bad repute among certain lead seem to he related to safety. Often the ing psychologists. From the standpoint human element in safety is under-em of an experimentalist, however, one may phasized, The safety director frequently use these terms with suitable warnings as lacks training in these matters. It is to their limitations and discuss <ertain difficult for a person trained in one held relationships to accident-proneness. to cover the intricacies of all others. Even in more or less strict academic The .Nature of Attention lines the spread of technical fields is large. A recent statement that one would have to spend <SU3 years in Vale to com plete all the courses offered is not exag gerated. In the various commercial and technical fields this vast expanse of known facts is much greater. Many of the problems of present day society must be solved by the physical, biological, mental and social sciences lombining forces. It is such division of labor that makes for greater progress. No one person is able to cover the entire held. First and foremost must be consider ed the matter of attention. Persons differ in respect to their ability to direct the receptors or to focalize the sense organs on specific objects. The terms "bright'' and "dull" have described this condition by man through the ages. < >ne may be aware of something in this en vironment but not know much about it. As I write this sentence l am vaguely aware of the Westminster chimes of the electric clock, but whether the hour `Therefore we interpret psychological factors of safety to mean those things that people do in everyday life which are studied by psychologists and which constitute this science. Such actions, or reactions as they are technically i ailed, involve the persons general behavior, including: t a 1 that which he has in herited, (b) what he has learned from his environment, and tci his potential learning power. The field of psychology is too complex to be mastered by read ing a few books or through casual asso ciation wirh others. In this article we shall go back a decade in terminology and speak or things which are more nr less common knowledge to the laymen. In the next article several cases will be anonymously presented which may illustrate some of the types mentioned. A book which might appeal to those interested in the psychology of safety was written by Dr. William S. Sadler. M. r,, td A, <T S,, called `'The Mind at Mischief.'' Ai ridenr - ptoueness is the human mind at mischief, even if not intended to be so. When i say we shall go back a decade in terminology, the statement is made from the point of is one-quarter or three-quarters gone is not at all definite in my memory. We are all familiar with the differential awareness of objects in our environment. Only a tew ran be held in mind at once. It seems that persons differ with respect to the actualities of life. Some exper ience everything in sort of an out-uffncus fashion. We think of them as "muddle-heads." These people have trouble attending to any one thing for a period of rime. Working in a printing office an employee may hotd the [taper in a listless manner while the knife drops down and severs one hand, hi the machine shop another may run an arm in the belt while oiling the mechanism. On the highway a driver may stop suddenly, turn across the street, to an alley without signalling or other wise show lack of attention to the work at hand. The foreman is too likely to term such employees as lareless without assigning any definite reason for being o. But this is in error, (fur researches APRIL. 1931 16 have revealed numerous instances where all the physical, mental and other meas urable qualifications are high yet the person still gets into trouble. Every event must have a cause or some con dition which precedes it. First let us return to the matter of attention. If one attends to a thing closely he is highly conscious of it. The most highly developed patterns, path ways or neurograms of the brain are at work on it. The most sensitive part of the retina--if the sense of vision is in volved--is occupied with the stimulus in question. Now suppose we consider other objects not being immediately scrutinized. They may be said to be in the margin of attention. The "Subconscious Mind" The so-called focus of attention may vary from maximum alertness, through an indifferent awareness of the chimes of a dock to what is called the "sub conscious mind." The latter no doubt plays a highly influential part in de termining one's behavior or actions but is least conspicuous of one's awareness possibilities. For example a person may have a fear of certain situations without an immediate reason for being su afraid. An intelligent man confessed to me-that any approaching car bearing the license plate of an eastern central state threw him into a panic when driving. It de veloped that he had been struck by a car while driving in that state. His car was demolished and he narrowly escaped serious injury. The resulting fear was effected by his "subconscious mind'' over which he could exercise only indirect control. The names "conscious" and "subcon scious" are only terms to indicate the neural patterns which predominate be havior at a given time. They are not separate entities but degrees of com plexity. The reasons for variability in the degree of attention or the relative dominance of higher or lower centers will he partly explained by the follow ing paragraphs. The terms used are common knowledge to the psychologist and psychiatrist. They describe certain conditions which are more or less char acterized by identical symptoms when oecuring in different people. An automobile does not simply fail to run without a reason. It must have something specifically wrong with it. To cay it has no power is of little value to the expert mechanic who wishes to im prove its performance. He looks at. the condition of the timing, compression, coils, spark plugs, carburetor mixture. valves and such parts which can be worn or out of adjustment. Even to say a motor is out of time is inadequate. It may be tinted a half degree too early or a degree too late. Specificity in diag nosis is the keynote of successful cor rective measures. In a similar way one may be inatten tive for one of several reasons of a psy chological nature. The number of those which can he discussed here will be limit ed by space bur they represent a fair sampling of types which seem most closely related to driving ability. For purposes of clarity these traits may be divided up according to the scheme out lined in Table I. Those listed as in tellectual and emotional are everyday experiences with adult persons in routine life. Those given under abnormal are conditions which may be included in I and II but are present in a more marked TABLE I Classification of psycholofttcai conditions uhU'h atfevL or limit attention L Intellectual. st. General Alertness. h Absent-mindednes* and hyperconcentration, 2, Day-dreaming. Wool-Fathering, b. filuidons. r. Faulty rearming. <1. chronic indecision. 1. I.oiiic tight compartment#.. II. Rmotionui. a. Anger. 1. Upset*. 2, Defense reactions. b. Fear. 1. \nxicty neuroses. 2. .Stage fright. Ht Worry. Wild. I. Complexes. ai Manias. Introvert and extrovert types. Hi. Abnormal. a. Hysterical fugues. b. Paranoia. Mild. c. Neurasthenia. Mild. d. Fxcessive ego. e. Partial sleep. f. Hysterical temperament. Professional complexes. IV. Pathological. a. illusions of grandeur. b. Hysteria defects. 1. Blindness, {hysterical! 2. Deatne-*. `hysterical) i. Pains, `hysterical) \ Amnesia. d. Neurasthenia. e. Dual personality, f. P>rha*ihcrim, y.adi.-tic tendencies. h. Hallucination-. degree. Pathological traits are those which are quite definitely associated with diseased or toxic conditions. No doubt general health may induce or afleet any of the separate factors but may not be directly associated with them. Intellectual Factors It is commonly known that persons differ in intelligence. 'The latter is must commonly defined as the capacity to learn, as is ordinarily expressed in terms of the average person's performance under given conditions. With growing children the mental age is used as criter ion. It represents what the average child of a given age will do. The average number of words, which ten year old children in the United States can spell, might be used as a standard. Suppose Willie Smith is eight years old but spells equal to the average ten year old. Then he is 25 per cent above average. If this is true of his ability in a series of intelli gence tests he is said to have an I. (). or intelligence quotient of 125. This re mains relatively constant during his life time unless disease or other exceptional conditions should affect him. If we were to characterize the intelli gent person in a few words it would be best done by saving that he observes well and interprets accurately what he observes. He is alert mentally and guards against impending danger by rapid fire decisions. Wt an intelligent person may tie absent-minded. This is because he attends to some one thing so intently that other things escape his notice. You get interested in reading an interesting story and forget your hunger. Day-dreaming produces the same general effect but has less purpose or organization. Again one may attend well but his in terpretation may be wrong, due to no fault of his. Many accidents are to he explained by the presence of illusions. < In a local stretch of cross country high way the pavement bends in a slow curve immediately after passing through a small village. The new highway swerves off from the old roadway which . arries a certain amount of rural traffic, t-everal accidents have occurred at this point. Analysis of the location shows that lights above the highway throw shadows across the road in such a wav as to give the appearance of the pave ment leading straight ahead. Lights from cars approaching at a distance on the old road complete the illusion. Faulty reasoning is another cause of trouble. A common type is known as the "logic tight compartment." Persons NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS IT so afflicted never scratch their tickets at the election. The casual observer pro nounces it stubbornness. This is not al ways true. The individual may have insufficient facts to insure straight think ing, He is satisfied with status quo. The lack of facts may be due to lack of intellectual penetration or to lack of interest in the issues at hand. Overly terrain of himself, the victim drives on into danger. Such intellectual anesthesias are re sponsible for many accidents. Drivers simply do not realize danger or they are so certain of the outcome of certain manipulations that to them it is "a cinch." flosely related to this trait is chronic indecision. A volitional trait, it. still comes under the heading of intellectual activity. A driver comes up behind a slow moving car. He looks ahead, starts around and decides not to attempt it at this point. Without considering the person behind he pulls back into line only to go round at a particularly dan gerous point. Changing one's mind when in a tight place is a good asset if not carried to extreme. A more com mon form of chronic indecision is the driving of the person who decides to go slow, then fast and constantly menaces traffic. Likewise the driver who decides to drive in the middle of the roadway then at the side and zig tags back and forth in a characteristic manner seems to be afflicted with indecision. Emotional Factors Emotion has been defined as a stirred up state of the organism, it might better be described as the unbalanced state of the organism. There is disturbed func tion of digestion, heart, breathing and glands of the body, The emotions which are most doseiy associated with acci dent-proneness are anger and fear. Anger may take the form of temporary upsets which lead to careless outbursts of speed or daring. It may take the form of a defense reaction to compensate for some real or imagined detect. In general it may be said that anger clouds the in tellect and a reasonable procedure may not always he followed hv the person upset by this vicious emotion. bear is ,d?o a genuine ,-ource of danger anti has many implications ranging from immediate dinging from real dan ger to anxiety neuroses. The timid per son is a menace mi the highway as he misleads others by his conduct, l.'-ually an overly cautious individual, he < rentes danger for others, "stage fright" may seize the person with limited ex He would stop in the middle of a composition and tell the audience it had never been played as well as he was playine it. perience at a very inopportune time. In stead of pressing down the brake he may press on the accelerator. Thousands of accidents have occurred from this cause alone. Indirectly fears may cause trouble through worry. 'The person so annoyed cannot maintain a higii level of atten tion on what he is doing at the moment. When the physical symptoms become acute and the person is in a more or less constant state of false alarm the con dition is known as an anxiety neuroses. In, extreme cases it becomes a patho logical condition and materially lowers efficiency by causing rapid shifts in attention, A general social reaction due to in herent emotional tendencies may incline the person toward directing his atten tion inwardly or outwardly. The indi vidual who dwells <m his own thoughts is said to be introverted while the one who directs his attention outwardly is known a> an extrovert. The introvert fails to note external stimuli accurately. An unpublished experiment shows this ivpe "f person becomes disoriented :n his directions more frequently than the extrovert. This would indicate a tend ency toward dangerous habits of obser vation. The extrovert, of course, must not be overly optimistic, which might also cause trouble. An abnormal condition is any devia tion from the must frequent or charac teristic mode of behavior. For example it. is normal for one to hiccup occa sionally. A day or so of continued hic cups arouses the national interest of physicians. To sleep is normal but ' partial sleep" is abnormal. A fatigued driver may he partly aware of what he Ls doing yet be partly asleep. The writer has found himself writing on a familar subject late at night when a sentence would trail off without meaning. It was impossible to distinguish that which was in the focus of attention from other levels of reaction on mental activity. Similar conditions have been experienced while driving. Excessive ego or the superiority com plex is abnormal. In one form it is sometimes known as the Jehovah com plex. The person so afflicted considers all his behavior above average. His ringing is superb, his business is unex celled and his driving habits are beyond reproach. An outstanding example of this tondition is the late Vladimir de i'aehmann, the great Polish pianist. He would stop in the middle of a < .impo sition and tell the audience that no one had ever piaved the number in such an admirable fashion as he. de Pachmann. was now playing it. He was good but was too willing to admit it, We have many -uch automobile drivers tin the highways. i'he list of abnormal tendencies is much tori long to discuss in detail here. APRIL. 1934 hut we may be able to cite and explain In the worst forms, paranoia will take dear. Four boys of my acquaintance Mime of the most common. Hysterical on similar characteristics. The attention were driving along the roadway. They fugues are instances of temporary dis may become highly focalized on some were sober and were driving at a moder sociation. A driver who [.ravels for a supposed enemy or unessential detail ate rate of speed. Suddenly one of them commercial house was recently reported thus placing the important elements of looked ahead and saw a car turned over to me. This man finds himself otf the performance in the margin of attention. .across the road. He cried tn the driver main highway twenty miles >>r so and In delusions of grandeur the person may who also saw it and brought the car to cannot account for how he got there. develop a pathological attitude toward a sudden stop. They got out to investi Professional complexes sometimes de himself. He may think he is Napoleon, gate and found no i a.r in sight. Three velop. A doctor becomes so absorbed Christ or some magnificent, divine, or of the boys definitely saw it while the in his patients that each becomes a per great personage. His views may lead fourth did not. No doubt one had the sonal ward until strain breaks the man. to very bold and flagrant conduct. Mild hallucination which the others got by Paranoia is a form of attitude in which instances of this type are commonly ex suggestion, Everyone lias known of the individual believes that others are perienced on the highways. older persons who declare they have had trying to "get the best of him." It may Amnesia or loss of memory is similar premonitions ami visions at one time <>r take several, forms of expression. to the hysterical fugues, but is likely to another. When there is no stimulus to Neurasthenia is characterized by ex remain for longer periods of time. Cases he misinterpreted the only explanation aggerated suggestibility, uversensitivc- of dual or multiple personality, of mild is hallucination. 1 Anally such exper ness. increased emotionalism, and extra nature, are perhaps more common than iences may take place when the indi ordinary fatigue, it is easy to see how even psychiatrists might recognize. The vidual is overly fatigued, ill nr other ,-uch t onditions might lead to danger. practical effect of all these disturbances wise physically unlit. False perceptions Psychasthenia or chronic brain fag, is is about the same. A driver may have are responsible for many accidents. another condition which will tend to periods during which he is not respon Statistics show that a large per cent lower attention. The psychasthene tends sible for his actions. railway crossing accidents occur wher to he introspective and lowers his effi ciency by watching how he Hoes it. Hysteria is a common nervous disease which trtav take various forms. I'he general symptoms are given bv authori the car driver actually runs into a train This may be due to illusion? of curium --orts. It is remotely related to halluci Pathological < .omiitions This classification includes those p&yt hologicai conditions which are extreme ties its "retraction of the field of person al consciousness and a tendency to the dissolution and emancipation of the systems of ideas and functions that con nations which may otherwise disturb person at the wheel and cause him to unusual things. or which otherwise may be listed as stitute personality.'' There is lack of pathological. They are more or less emotional control, certain physical acts All L tiexploreti Field itmunon among person? who are normal are hesitant, there is the presence or a There are numerous instanca > 1 in other respects and may not Ik* recog morbid self consciousness, perversion of dents occurring which tire not e.xDmit.c nized by the laymen or exett by the sensory impressions and ability of the by ordinary defects or i onditions, average practicing physician who does subconscious tn simulate various mental careful surveillance ot above traits. ,c_ not specialize in nervous and mental dis and physical disease?, t'he principal t.uiies anil diseases will no qounr T- orders. piieer actions ot the individual handicaps are absent - mindedness and tn make behavior of drivers niu.v .... may be excused "as a bit of ecrentriciiy. temporary, sensory- and motor defects. prehensible. The held of mental <-;hh,- The cau-es in general may be describ These conditions introduce natural phys of accidents hits hureiy been s. ed as physical in their origin, due to ical and mental handicaps whirh may be as yet. The conditions cued are lesions in the nervous system or to toxic more or less permanent. purtant in general safety i- in htgnv .onditions. so-called functional diseases Sadistic tendencies are exempli tied in and traffic safety. They are 'mare are open to M-rious doubt. A functional normal life by teasing, torture of ani less d problem to licensing;mream sin. disease is .'aid to be the result of some mals by i hildren and the resort to vari the per?.in is not known to -tie .-xamir. failure to (unction rather than to any ous initiation ceremonies in the form of for sufficient length of time -.> deterniir. underlying physical lesion. It may be hazing, "riding the goat" .and what not the presence of conditions, t'hev : i 'impart'd to a loose . onnectiun in in of fraternities and adult societies. A often transitory. ( ormnercial nmipan.- electrical -yst.em, The circuit acts as case in question is that of a driver wiio 11mid do a great, deal in diagnosing ? though it were open. One pathway in tried to ..atch doves and birds in his denr-prnneness by going into the brain is blocked while another may radiator while moving along the high tors, .vyeral representative vsy function in its place No doiil.it these way. He will pick up speed, swoop down available for ascertaining the presen.- defects can he traced to physical con on the victims, and often take unneres- of some of these ionditions. An t-xpe: ditions if methods oi detection are ade -ary i hanres by sudden swerve? in the ienced psychologist or psychiatri-t . quately refined. Whatever the explana roadway to accomplish this. Another get. a fair idea of the examinee'- cone, tion. there are i ertain specific diseases common symptom of this tendency is non by an interview, IV> ire ..main which are of pathological character and , xhibited when a driver idles along ami all wnuid take several meetings and which will materially lower the degree then speeds up to keep allot nor r or trom complete iase his,,.a v. of attention and efficiency. Perhaps some of the must common types are extreme forms of neurasthenia tnd psychasthenia. The symptoms and effects are given in the previous section. In more extreme a-es they may take the form ot delusions ">d obsessions. going around. A last psychological condition of acci dents i" be mentioned in this article is that of hallucinations. The latter is an experience that oirurs to an indi vidual but which has no -.-tisory basis. An illustration may suffice to make this The ultimate objective of e.x.miir.,. fions must be decreasing highway haz ards. There is scant hope for eliminatioof all dangers within anv reasruuu. period of time. Progress can be mac only by repeated attempts to get at source of the trouble. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW- 19 ^il#Y*iPkH 111 1111 il'JilL M ,,B.H Si M H, Ji.H .- CSP and '*b||i ^LHB HHf dl > H iTm||pir' t int about one hundred years ago T Lord Brougham, a famous EnglishitF man, wrote that ''the folly sewn hundred people wanting to ride fifteen miles an hour in trains of six carriages exceeds belief. But today we see the startling new train of the I'tiion Pacific Railroad designed to glide in rocking chair comfort and safety at a speed of up to 110 miles. To outward appearance the new train is a single elongated and squatty coach, with the lines of a giant yellow cater pillar: in reality it consists of three units, or roaches, closely joined. Built of duralumin, a copper-aluminum alloy much lighter than steel and amazingly .strong, the three units weigh no more than a single standard sleeping car. Whereas the usual transcontinental train is compelled to move ten to twenty tons of weight m each passenger, the new train mover !<<? than one ton per passenger. ft was built by the Pullman liar and Manufacturing 1 'orporatinn. of < 'hieggo, at a Mist of htO.OOU. The same com pany is building another similar train, < oiisisting of six coaches, and two others of nine touches each: and in the plant of the Biidd Manufacturing h orporation. in Philadelphia, a somewhat similar train i- being constructed for the 1 'hic.igo, Burlington and Uuincy Rail road, Die new 'rains revolutionary re duction in weight is accompanied by m e.jtially revolutionary reduction in power necessary m attain the new re< ord speeds. In the front of the forward uiach. modeled snmewhar like tlic radiator of the latest style automo bile. i- the [lower plant, a 1.'-cylinder, uuv-hor-rpuwrr motor, operating on dis tillate. a low . oiatile fuel. Power ir ran sm it ted to a dynamo, which in turn creates electricity to drive motors mounted directly over the forward axles, Tlie i-mo-e train weighs nnlv eighty ion-, mi; fully half of that weight is in the power plant and fuel tank- in the for of In 1809 a railroad journey from Chicago to the Pacific Roast required 110*4 hours. In 1932 the tuerage running time was 02 hours. Now comes file new streamlined train of the l nion Pacific which could make the trip in about 311 hours. The railroad, however, will use this tremendous potential speed cautiously. Comfort and safety will not he sacrificed. ward end. A standard steam locomotive alone weighs approximately ISO tons. The train measures 204 feet from tip to tip. and is designed to carry 116 passengers, with compartments for both mail and baggage, In the rear of the third coach is a buffet kitchen, in which light meals are prepared to serve the passengers in their seats. The train is completely air-conditioned, and its windows, or -hatter-proof glass, are sealed against noise and dust. The ex terior finish is a canary yellow with, brown trim, > ainilated to make the i o,idles visible at the greatest passible distance. High speed is possible both because of the lightness of the train as compared with it - [lower and because of its stream lining. It has a bullet-like nose and a tapered tail that eliminates air backdrag, and the clearance between coaches and mils is only '>' > inches. 1'hus the center of gravity is very low its the train -.hoots along the rails. The cab of the engineer is placed at the extreme forward end of the train, just under the coach roof, where he has an unobstructed outlook not only for ward but also on both sides. An instru ment hoard oefore him shows the con ditions of every part of his power plant at all times,... There are oil, water, air, fuel, electric gages and j speedometer. Klee trie signals afford communication between him md the train rr.-vv A duplicate device R installed to require the engineer to keep either foot or hand constantly on a control. Releasing the pressure of hand or foot automatically closes the throttle and applies the brakes. The super-brakes are of a new design, <t dual system, each coordinated part of which is capable of safe operation in 'went of failure of the other. A newly dec eloped appliance called a decelerometer has been perfected anti is installed, its function being to equalize brake pressure on every wheel, admit maximum pressure but prevent locked wheels. The train cannot be started unless the brakes are in perfect working condition. A, powerful fog-piercing headlight is supplemented by a light which throws a iu-inch vertical beam, for added safety. Warning signals are given by a powerful -iren and an electric gong. Provide Highway Sidewalks ;it Rural School* TWEXTY-EIGHT schools in Mlegheriy County. Pennsylvania, are being provided with safety sidewalks under R\VA projects. Each walk is a lion t t0i)0 feet long and made of dag. The sidewalk? are not merely i continuation m the highways bur are -eparated by wire fences ,md several feet of intervening road shoulder. This will prevent autumohiles running over on the sidewalks in emergencies and will protect the pedestrian? using the walks. About 200 men have been assigned to work on this project. APRIL 1931 Sr Shall We Slop These Eve Losses? By G. M. BRIGGS * S l BEGAN to plan this further /% discussion'1 uf rye protection JL JL problems, four questions pre sented themselves for answer. They are simple questions--almost too simple, it may fie thought. Vet they lie at the very foundation of any serious con sideration of the industrial eye accident situation. L. How o*rly are industrial eve jicidents,How can industrial eyes be saved? C Do we want to prevent eye injuries t. vl'hnt plan, then, shall w follow? We are indebted to others for many striking figures on the costliness of eye accidents. We know that there are some 15.000 "industrially blind'' persons and a much larger number of partially blind as a result of eye injuries. Annually some 2.000 workers lose the sight o one or both eyt*> in industrial accidents, and a serious eye injury occurs almost every minute of every day and night through out every week of the year in our country. Early in 1452, j ir. Louis Schwartz, senior surgeon of the F. S Public. Health Service, completed a study of in dustrial eye injuries, the results of which he presented at the Greater New York >afety (`onference that year. He reported that there is an estimated total of 500.000 industrial eye accidents in volving one "r more days of lost time each year in the Foiled Hates, and that h tirfvious arndf `'Pimtff-t-iGfr in Eva frot.f'Ftinn". in Tin* X \TIONAT, SAFETY NEWS, January, 1934. an estimated 70,000 of these are compensable cases. The total annual cost of such injuries is at least fifty mil lions of dollars. In the state of New York alone there were 7,690 com pensated eye injuries during 1930. '.51 and '32. for which I'rnihtcts t $4,548,887 was paid in com pensation. The average compensation was $591. In Pennsylvania, from 1916 to 1932, inclusive, compensated permanent eye injuries nitivikfttwl 1Ah?0 fnr whirh :Y total : dtirri's'- vv liUnp Ff'Hlitcta, irte, \ lifilit weight gugfite with anatomi cally -haped i-up-, mid -hmciiifr one method of ventilating tlie ciiiis with utativ miniature perforations. <ompensation bill of $i4,OU0,86Q was paid. The average compensation here was $1,317. More money is paid out by employers each year as compensation for eye injuries than for injuries to ,my other part of the body. N'nw let us look at the other side of the picture. For the most accurate data on eyes saved in industry we are stilt in debted to the joint efforts of the .Y.itionaJ Society for the Prevention of Blindness and the .National safety < ijundi. made in lojtv lovering the two previous years. By mean# of a question naire -vnt to 1,800 representative in dustrial plants, they sought to trace how many authentic cases there might be of workmen's eyes saved through the use of protective goggles and head masks. Replies were received from 58$ plants showing that 7.411 men ann women had been saved from loss cc vision in one or both eyes during the two-year period. The survey embraced a total m 578,396 employees, and deduction.were made through a series of questionfo each plant covering how many em ployes had one nr both goggle lens*-shattered or pierced by flying particleof metal while in use, how many had on* or both lenses splattered with molte: metal, and how many had one both lenses pierced or shattered b* living tools or objects other than frag ments of steel. It was fairly assume< that any object which hit a goggle ler.with such force as to pierce or shatte the giass would have so damaged an ur protected eye as to cause complete nearly complete loss of vision, A simic* assumption was made in the case lenses splattered with molten metal. * n the basis of S1.80U average i i,.> pensation for the loss of one eye and <, $5,500 for loss of both eve#, the > pensation saved to employer# in the- Molten iron -pla.-iieil into this man's fare when it exploded on striking ctd ennrretp, but the aoaitle- sued hi- eyes from injury. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW 21 Eye losses may or may not be rare in the plant. But tile penalties, when they ho oeeur, are so heavy to industry, to the worker, and to society that a vacillating attitude to ward them is unthinkable 583 plants by the use of protective equipment amounted during the period to approximately $ 18.000,000. Assum ing that these 7,411 employees when injured were receiving an average weekly wage of 830, it is possible to estimate that their aggregate net loss in wages (after receiving compensation) was an other $10,500,000. Moreover, these direct losses do not take into considera tion the four-fold additional indirect losses which H. W. Heinrich, of the Travelers Insurance Company, has dearly proved also exist in every acci dent. It has been pointed out by G. A, Kueehenmeister, of the Dominion Forge and Stamping ('ompany, that the cost of equipping those 578.396 employees with suitable goggles probably did not exceed one million dollars; and thus, by a simple problem of economy, it is plain that for each dollar spent for eye pro tection those employers saved $28. The figures seem dear enough. Rut do we really want to stop these eye fosses ? A strange question' Yes, but let us face the facts. We know how costly eye accidents are. We have the experi ence of many plants showing that hv adequate safety organization eyes can be saved. 11 is one of the few problems over which management can have abso lute control. There arc more than one hundred types of goggles and other eye protective equipment to choose from, the results of twenty years of scientific safety planning. Tests can easily be made of their efficiency and protection, and reams of material are available out lining the best and tried methods of employee education and procedure. Yet ? c.qrtesy American uptictl Cu Per the employee who must wear cor rection spectacle!., this goggle is pro vided which tits snugly over his indi vidual glasses. eve accidents still cause about 20 per rent of the country's total accident toll, while we continue to debate the same time-worn questions that men were ask ing two decades ago. f dare sav there is not an industrial plant operating today that does not have some kind of rule relating to the use of eye protective equipment. But there are almost as many types of rules as there are plants in operation, and the two extremes are as wide apart as the poles. Here, for example, is one plant, repre sentative of a very large class, in which certain operations and processes have been singled out as particularly hazard ous. ( 'They are known to he hazardous because eyes have been lost there: it is r-.mrfw Delaware it Hudson fsrt. Nineteen pairs of goggles which saved the eyes of railroad workers. \ typi cal bulletin board display calculated to make the worker think. < otirtusy AiJieriraM Optical O. For arc welding operations this hel met, fitted with shaded lenses of defi nite opacity, completely Marks all ultra-violet and infra-red rays. called the "trial and error" method.l Ln the rules it is provided that certain eye protective equipment may. or should, or (sometimes) must, he used while men are at work at those occupations. The attitude may be tailed a hopeful one. hut willing to let someone else decide the issue, and plainly unconvinced that accidents can lie stopped nr all. rsually they are right, for eye losses continue tu take place in those plants. In another plant we find a far more aggressive attitude, but representative, unfortunately, of a much smaller group. Here the rules name every operation and process throughout the plant where there is apparent danger of an eye injury, and they state unequivocally that adequate eye protective equipment must be worn while the worker is employed on those jobs. In each case the specific protection is named, and sometimes it is decreed that all persons working in the depart ment must wear goggles all the time. Persons passing near the more danger ous points are also protected from flying particles by permanent or portable screens. In short, the full extent of the plant hazards is realized and vigorous measures have been adopted to nullify them. In these plants today we find accurate records of numerous eyes saved and of few eye injuries. At the very apex of achievement in this right to stop eye losses there are at least two plants whose records are often quoted. The Pullman ( ompany, in its six repair shops scattered about (he muntry. and the Dominion Forge and Stamping Company, at Walkerville, Ontario, Canada, have a mandatory rule that all employees shall wear goggles all the time. [during the seven and one-half years since this rule has been in force in The Pullman i ompanv shops, no eye injuries have occurred: and during six of those years ill eyes of workers were saved as well as about TYO.OOU in compensation arid medical expenses, 'Hie Dominion Forge and Stamping < 'ompany reports that for five and one-half years before their mandatory rule became effective the cost of eye injuries totaled So.178, an average of $1,668 per year; but that for the four and one-half years since the rule has been in force the average cost has been $88: and now it does not exceed $10. We are familiar with the chorus of objections and difficulties that is always raised when mention is made of manda tory rules that are really capable of governing the eye accident situation. APRIL. 1934 iltloOMOiVIII M iTi: !*OWi.tt i I'll't; t'*- rt 11 i-S-il f) III(tot <11 II > l*il i\ I *M Mill <* '"`II Mil Ml W'lllllt-ll if t%IM.l%l* *- * Hi-:vi Hart t:\ r i-itoi 1t i nn m i\u kim* 1% I4!'* ttmt I M > TEpiral i-vamiile t at) illustrated tttiitfe provided for tin* individual inffustry or rompany by the safety equipment mamifarturer. Twelve nutstanding types of eve protection are inclu<lt.il. with instructions eoverinn i'llis where eaeli should be used. Employees object to wearing goggles-- it. is absurd to require all employees to wear them--no eye accidents occur on many jobs, or at least very few - if the employee himself were more efficient and careful--and so on indefinitely. But to a candid mind, the absurdity of the situation does not lie in the adoption of so-railed "drastic" rules to protect eyes. We do agree, of course, that the enforcement of adequate rules is not always easy, in a later article we shall deal at length with the problem of getting the worker to wear his goggles. But fundamentally, this is a manage ment problem, and must be dealt with like any other which concerns produc tion, costs, wages or hours of labor. Eye injuries may or may not be rare in the plant, but the penalties when they do Kcur are so heavy to industry, the indi vidual worker and to society that ,t vacillating attitude is unthinkable. Safety leaders are agreed that when management definitely makes up its mind to stop eye accidents, they will be stopped, i t is a conviction based upon the hard-won experience of numerous plants where half-way measures were first tried out without success. When, however, adequate rules were promul gated, specific equipment provided covering every job where the least danger of an eye injury existed, and when these measures were backed up by firm dis cipline. eye losses ceased. What plan, then, shall we follow in our plant campaign? We have, first, the recommendations of the National Safety bode for the Protection of the Heads and Eyes of Industrial Workers. Here are the re sults of twenty years of study of eye injuries, covering nine general groups of processes and operations: ',froup 4.---Protege-, where protean) from K-hrively large Hying objects >> requited. Exampits: Chipping, calking, and some rivet ing operations. Group E--Processes where protection Pom dust and small Hying particles is required. Examples: Scaling and grinding of metals, .rone dressing, and some woodworking opera tions. Group (operations where protection from dust and wind is lequired. Examples: Auto mobile driving, locomotive driving and firing, and electric spot and butt welding, where there is no expo^tne to radiant energy. Group p-- Processes where pro rection from '.plashing metal is uquned. hxa.mxc Bahbirt- mg, pouring lead mints for casting nun pipes, casting of hot metal if there is a possi bility that wafer L present; and dipping in hot metal baths. Group E--- Processes where protection from gases, fumes, and liquids us required. Example : Handling of acids ami caustics, dipping in galvanizing tanks and some (apamum: -peti tions, (t>uiip h- -Processes where piotection from an excess amount of dust and small living particles is required. Example: ''-md-hiasting. Group G--Opel a Cions where protection a requited from rale-rfr-d lurbt "f Aatrn Examples: Long exposure to slum-c nrrad ground, rxpusuie to reflected sunlight from roofs, roadbeds, etc. Group H--Processes where protection from injurious ladiant energy with a moderate re duction m intensity uf Che usible uidiant energy is required. Examples < Av-acctvkne and oxv-hydrogcu welding and cutting; open- hearth. Bessemer, .md cruuble steel making: furnace work, electric resistance welding, braz ing, and testing of lamps, involving exposure to excessive brightness. Group /---Processes where protection from injurious uidiaut eungy with a large (eduction of die visible tadi'ant energy required. Example*: Elerfnr an welding and cutting. The examples given in the toregoinj list are, of course, for illustration only and are not intended to he all-indusivt* The Lode is careful to point ->ui th goggles alone will not furnish adequate protection for all occupations listed. ! cutting rivets, for example, a snitaiv face mask is needed, and in hahhium. a mask is desirable to protect both fa: and eyes. For sandblasting, helmets special design are needed, and the har. tiling of acids, caustics and other rnsive substances usually tails tor masks or respirators. In short, the rode should lie mu cidered as a minimum standard in pl;v (Please turn to pope 05 Both ``umphuelv b> molten metal, blit the worker'........ . mflered no injurw \\ HKHK KYKS H A \ K BFF.X S\\ FI) l.\ i.MH S j H\ Nature of the Industry steel unci Other Metals ............................... Miscellaneous Mamifactunng ........... - .. Mining. Ounrrving and smelting . Railroads and Allied Industries .............. Lumber, Lenient and Budding Materials ('hemicals .md Allied Industries ___ ____ Auto and Allien Industries......... Paper and Allied Industiies ...................... Rubber. Batteries and Allred Indus........... Foundrv and Machine Works . .... Paint and Oil Industries ........ ................. Barking and F m*1 Pro-t Parts _____ _____ f icufnotivf* and Oar BifhCng . i.rlass and Allied Industries ...................... Budding jnd Structural Industries ...... Lumber of Pits. l-m 42 nO 4 to e f T* tal Employees hio S' NO4 21.61" to j ,000 "'.-Ids ,4 60 ` " .'.X "< L-l.ll :, 1 rW l.oSS '\8Vb CnuO n.fiStS LI 10 Tvv1 V M-Vtifu tin1 Jmni Snrvi-v m` fiv* -trotmI Sni'b'iv tor th*- pjv-<.-nt.itn ot Klimn.'-v- r}n* L > f to 11 <11 *t>' 'Smneit ilfL'SL NATIONAL SAFETY NEW Westclox Makes . IVistor#v By CARMAN T. FISH By operating 7.280.f)04 man-hours without a dis abling in jury the Western Flunk Company wins a place among the leaders in safety achievement t;the Western (lock Company en joyed an enviable reputation its a safe place to work. It ranked high among industrial plants, evert though the 2.6UU employees suffered 75 lost-time accidents that year. The severity rate, was low- less than 1 .UU days lost per thousand man-hours worked--and not one of the 140 power presses had caused a mutilation in more than four years. Those were the days, we must rememh-r. when even a hundred thousand safe man hours was something to broadcast. These futures, however, .ire interesting merely for comparison. The real story is that Westrlnx suffered no disabling in juries in either 1932 or 1933. with 5.101.780 and 5,'5.3,585 man - hours worked in these years respectively. They almost had a mi-accident year in 1931. The record was dear up till the middle of December when two accidents within a few days of each other postponed the company's admission to Safety's hall of fame. But the employees were not to lie discouraged. They went ahead and made safety history in 1932 and 1933. By March 1, 1934. the exposure readied 7.280.604 man-hours. Back in 1924 this writer visited the plant at LaSalle, Illinois. He found a clean, well-guarded plant, an efficient, safety organization, and a management which was solidly behind the safety pro gram, Revisiting the plant nearly ten years later revealed little in the way of external change. -Most of the equipment looked the same, many of the old fore men were still active in the cause of emlilins Bis Ben'- part-. 'drviicliN provide well lii-tributed lijcht for delicate operations. The main factory entrance at the Western Clock Company. Motor traf fic is detoured at riosini time. safety. But there was a change under the surface, comparable to the trend which added a modern decorative touch to Big Ben and his brethren. 1 couldn't help feeling that safety held an even more important place than it had a few years ago. safety at Westclox antedates the na tional movement in the L'nited states by several years. It is difficult to trace hack the threads of this movement to their source, and to point out definitely any one occasion a.-, being the start ut safety work in this plant. it may be somewhat of a blow to those who consider modern accident preven tion work as something distinctly Ameri can to learn that this company received its inspiration in (icrmany. About lout before there was any national effort tor accident prevention in this country. \Y. Matthiessen. then owner of practi cally all the .-.lock in the company, visited (iermany and observed with in terest the safety work that was being done in certain industries there, tie brought the idea back to his own plant. The germ was planted, but it was oe* hied in those early days that if cutely was to have a healthy growth, it must not be imposed from without, but must grow and develop naturally from within, 1 hat umrse. it was feit, would not. pro duce results quickly, but the results when they did come would be thorough and lasting, Flie W'esirlox safety program has been based upon equitable industrial relation ships. personal and environmental clean liness. constant study of physical condi- APKIL. 1934 the plant began safety work, the fore men have given their enthusiastic sup port. Safety committees were an early part of the Westclox plan. The central com mittee. composed of foremen and a representative of the employees service department, furnishes a large part of the motive (tower for the work in addition to its function as a clearing house for the suggestions turned in by the depart mental safety representatives. Machines keep the tioor cleaner than human muscles could do it. As for the employees to whom the foremen generously pass the credit, there are at present about 2 ,.500 on the payroll. Approximately half of them are women and some two-thirds might he classified as skilled workers. There are few occupations in the plant which might be filled by an individual with a strong back and a weak mind. Stamping anti assembling the innards of an alarm dork is precision work which requires mental alertness and manual dexterity. lions to detect possible accident sources, and competent instruction and supervi sion of employees. The company was on the right track many years ago and a steady year by year reduction in acci dents has hem the logical consequence. "VVe eouldn t have done it without our foremen,'' 1 was told in the front office. "The employees themselves deserve the credit," was what the supervisors said. At any rate, the results seem to prove the old saying that a lot can be accomplished if nobody worries ton much about who jets the i redit. permanent disability, which is a source of justifiable pride to everybody. Kem per knows only too well that all humans are subject to mental lapses and he tries to be one jump ahead of the most forget ful man. When a press operator proves hopeless, he requests his transfer to some department where at. least he won't stick his fingers in the danger zone of a press. Bill Kemper's attitude seems to be typical of Westclox foremen, F.ver since Most of them are young, the average age being about 29 years. They have to start young to train minds and fingers to work with the speed and accuracy de manded by the job. Another reason for the low average age is that most of the girls graduate from the work shop to the kitchen after about four years' service. Romance has proved to be the only seri ous cause of labor turnover. Next in importance to the human de ment is the plant itself, it is exception- Please turrn to Pane no i Westclox management has had tor its "instant ideal a place where men and Aomen < mild earn a comfortable living it congenial work in a safe and healthful working environment. From the begin ning, safety methods tilted into the pic ture, u*tth the constant encouragement of a safety-minded management, we rind a group .if foremen elated at their com pany having won a piace in safety'.- hail of fame hut quite aware that a record of more than two years may trash because if a moment's inattention. A few minutes with Bill Kemper, fore man of the power press department, will impress the visitor with the enthusiasm behind the. Westerns; satetv program. Ivemper -cm- to have an extra sense that enables him to spot an unsafe prac tice before an accident occurs. The power press department hasn't lost a finger in more than seven years; in fart, the whole plant hasn't had an injury in that time which involved any degree of The central safety committee, {.eft to right: Wavne (forking, employee- -entire lcpitrmient. ami acting secretary of the committee: Adam Currie, -uperintendent's oilier: William ivemper. foreman, power pres* department; Dudley Diggs, foreman, maintenance department, Robert Paton, foreman, tool department; Arthur Smith, foreman, automatic screw machine department. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Wliv \l Modernize Your Drinking Water System? 25 HOW many of the millions of drinking fountains that serve the needs of thirsty workers, customers and the general public could be classed as "modern?" In the absence of any authentic figures, the best we can do is make a mental .summary of those observed or used in factories, offices, department stores, railroad stations, parks and other public places. I'he public has become germ-conscious to the extent that it. avoids the public drinking cup wherever possible but it is still too ready to accept any bubbler as sanitary, if snowy porcelain and lustr ous thromium plate could reveal the germs they often carry, people would pass by many of the fountains now in use. Visible dirt is the only kind that repels. What is a modern fountain? Prob ably the best list of requirements is that formulated by a committee of the Ameri can Public Health Association anti adopted in Io3(i. Those who drink from fountains and those who are re sponsible tor installing them will find these standards interesting: !. The fountain should he Oiiotnicted of impervious material, such us vitreous china, poiLelatn. mumded iron, other metals r stoneware. J, i'he jet it the fountain should issue from a nuzzle non-oxidizing, impervious material r.u'Kl should he set at an angle from the vertical, i'he nuzzle and every other opening in the water pipe or conductor leading to the nozzle should he above Mir rdge *I tile |m\vl v that the nuzzle wi opening will nut he flooded if a drain from the howl *t* the fountain becomes dogged. 3, The end of the nozzle should he protected by a non-oxidizing guard to prevent the drinker from coming m contact with the nozzle. 4 The inclined jet <>i water issuing from the nozzle should not touch the guard because splattering will result. T The howl of the fountain should he >u designed and proportioned as fo hr tree from comers which will he difficult to clean. 6. The howl should be so proportioned as to prevent umint-vsuy splashing at the point where the iet falls in the bowl. 7, The drain from the fountain should not have j direct physical connection to a waste pipe unless the drain is trapped. , The water supply pipes should he pro vided with an adjustable valve fitted with a loose hev or an automatic valve peunittmg the orguiatjou tit' the late nf ticn\ or water to the fountain so that the valve manipulated by the users of the fountain will sejve mrrrh* to turn the water on or off, Lraue i o This fountain U part of a w-t**ni ooied by a central refrigerating plant. Water Hows at an angle and a guard keep* lip* away from the nozzle. ITfvM rtc 1 (exceptional facilities for drinkins water ami for external personal rleatiline-- are found in the looker room of this rigar factory. APRIL. 1934 u. The height "i the fountain at the drinking lew*! should he such ,is m hr must convenient f,o pel sous v.iuf ;..* ,1. The provision of sc\r=ai sfep-hke cUw.iUtin** to fn<" Jodi ,if Hie fountain will pernor children various ages n> dnnk, to the waste opening and pipe should he* J sutncieiU ma- J" .uuiv off the water prompth\ The `'pemng .hould he provi<l*-d vvirh a ; trainer- Any installation which mis |.. measure up to these standards can hardly be called modem. Many a de partment store has remodeled its eleva tors, but left the old vertical jet foun tains for customers and many an indus trial plant ha- modernized almost every thing except the drinking vvoter ,->_Weni. Very little effort has been put forth by the manufacturers to educate the public to recognize hygienic design. An alternative for the Maintain is the provision of paper cups. This is fre quently done in offices where there are , omparatively few employees to he . Please turn tn page 53 ) 2f Safety leaders at the New York Con ference. Left to rijjiu juiien H. Harvey, manager, New York Office. NSC: Cyril Ainsworth, A meric an Stmnlarils A--nciatinn: John L. Gant. jire-iifent, : \V. H. Cuniernn. manaania direetor, NSt., New York C oiiferenee <oiif iiuirs to Crow By CYRIL AINSWORTH General Chairman, l ifth Annual ('Water S'nr i <>rk Safety ('.onference CILT around new aspects of the under a vice-chairman, these being I.. I.. B accident problem under the na tional industrial recovery pro Ballieson, of Brooklyn Chamber of Com merce. for the cooperating agencies gram. the Fifth Annual (Treater Ngerwoup of the Attendance Committee; York Safety Conference netted an at Harold Segrave, of .Mine safety Appli tendance of 2,715 delegates at its two- ances Company. contact; and 1,. I.. day sessions at the Pennsylvania hotel. ''pencer. Travelers Insurance < ompnny. The Conference, sponsored by the in sura nee. Metropolitan Chapter of the American Much of the success ut the ('onference society of Safety Fngtneers, the Engi may be attributed to the Attendance, neerins "'Tenon of the National safety Program and Publicity 1 'ointnittee-, as t Tuncil. and To cooperating organiza well as the Arrangements, (exhibit, f i tions, for the fourth time in its history nance, Banquet and Ceneral ommit- materially gained in size and in interest. tees. some idea of the wide scope of inter Taking the timely subject of accident est in the material presented to the dele prevention in relation to the industrial gates, and of the prominent place the recovery program as the keynote of the New York Conference has made for it- ('onference and the first s^-sion. the suli m the thoughts of safety workers Program Committee then ottered discus- throughout the , otitury, may be gained . ions of specific accident problems, Mich from a perusal of the registrations, itele- as "Falls of Persons," and of other ques gates came from the metropolitan area. tions important to `-peeitic types of in 1 'p-M.ate .New 'York, New Jersey, ICnn- dustry, for the other 14 sessions. Darina svb-uttin. Chicago, \.-w England and a- site 1 onference 47 addresses were made. far south as New < trleans. The net at The Arrangements ( 'mnmittee. under tendance show s u gain of four pier cent Harold X. Gainer. X. \ . & (Jueetis Elec- o\i-r last year. tric Tight iv Power Company. Using l .*'.' As in previous year.-, elaborate plans workers, attended to all details tor a were made for advance registration by smoothly functioning meeting. The tisr the Committee headed by Dr. \Y. K. of changeable placards at the irur or Redden. NTw York 1 hapter. the -\meri- t-iuh s-rsion mom to -how what speaker can Red Cross, Through the use of was delivering his speech at the time keyed registration blank? it was possible was continued this year. As the se-skms to check the registration to its source were largely '`paralleled." this permitted through the cooperating organiza delegates to go from one region to an tions. the 75 insurance - ompanies and other with the least inconvenience. through the 55 > ontact men representing The Publicity Committee- Finest f, carious businesses. Hartford, of the \meritau society of Each of these three groups worked Mechanical engineers, . hairman--work- ing with a press representative, sent ap proximately 1,200 releases, special let ters. etc., to editors of newspapers, trade journals, press wire bureaus and trade journal syndicates. Also, six iS-minute radio programs-- four over WNYC ,md two over a national network -were de voted to the conference. John E, Long, president of the Na tional Safety Council, delivered one of the talks over a nation-wide hook-up from MEAT, through the uiunesy .g NBC', his talk being delivered on the first afternoon. W, Graham * ole, safety ionsuitant to the X, V, State t '\VA, de livered the other on February 25. ove 1VABC and network. During the Industry and Public Safety session, the delegates passed a resolution recommending a study of [he effects of training in prevention of acci dents other than ouupational among in dustrial employees, the training to he given by industrial plants. The tawnmtinn, addressed to the General < ommi:tee, urges that group tn appoint i - or: mittee to develop a mnerete program. anvass industries in the Conterem area and obtain 100 to make the experrnent. The results of the study termine what effect safely instruction on subjects such as home, public, motor 'y i Please turn to jiatfi o,v hiifniqtiotuti 2 > }"- i juderolla i.AJitiint". ;* boot ;n an exhibit of Dt-b*;iuut* -hoe-, NATION\L SAFETY NEWS Cross-Cut Saw (uards industrial Data Sheet D-W 2 27 A. Problem: How to prevent injuries to workers who operate rmss-tut mws. B. Hazards: When a t, rnss-rut saw is operated without a suitable guard tnere is a pos sibility *'t severe injury by accidental contact with the saw. <'. I Hsvtissiun: The fnllowine; specifications for cross rut saw guards have been approved by a special committee of the American Society of Safety Engineers-- Engineer ing Section, National Safety f'ouncil. tal General: !. The term cross-cut saw as used in these specifications includes those saws employed for cutting off or cross-cutting on stationary, Aiding, rolling, and tilting mbles, and on tilting and double arbors u<i`d in lumber remanm'acturing opera tions, Each cross-t nf saw should be pro vided with a hood guard. v Every . ross-cut saw should be o guarded that there is rtu possibility of * untact with the saw underneath or at tin' end of fht1 Mw table, T (every eras,--dll ,-aw, except over head swing =aws. railroad saws, and in verted swing saws, should, as an added jirotta tinn to the ..perator, he provided with a splitter, i Every over-head swing saw should be provided with a limiting chain or other positive device which will prevent the from edge of the saw from advancing beyond the front edge of the -env table. o. Every overhead swing saw should be provided with a counterweight device which will return the front edge of the mw at least one inch behind the back edge of the saw table. Such a device should not depend for its proper func tioning upon a rope, cord, or spring, 7. Every overhead swing saw should be provided with a positive locking de vice which will prevent the saw from rebounding when the saw is released by t he operator. f 1) I flood: The hood should be substantially constructed and such as will afford the maximum protection to the operator against cuts by accidental contact with the saw, and at the same time protect him against dying splinters and hroken saw teeth. o. The hood should he made of alumi num, wood, ur other suitable material so that the saw will not be hroken should it accident ally come in, contact with the bond,. 10. The hood should permit a dear view of the saw at the point of operation. 11. The hood should cover every por tion of the saw above the table, at least to the depth of the teeth--and it should he so supported that it will automatical ly adjust itself to the thickness >U and remain in contact with the material be ing rut. 12. On a tilting table > ross-cut -aw, the hood should he so designed that both aides of the howl will rest on the table or material being cut, id, On u, tilting arbor saw the hood should be so supported that it will be in alignment with the ,-aw at all times. 1 4. < )n overhead swing saws, the hood should cover the nut and end of the saw arbor. lei Splitter: 15. A splitter should be marie of stiff material, such as saw steel, and should be ground to a smooth finish, 16. The splitter should be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw blade. 17. The splitter should be at least two inches wide at the top of the table. 18. The splitter should lie securely fastened at the back of the saw in such manner that the clearance between the splitter and the saw does not exceed one-half inch, IT On a tilting arbor saw, the split ter should he so supported that it is in alignment with the saw at all times, V V. (XI. It is claimed bv Muir luthornies while a splitter is nut so essential on a cross-cut .aw as on a rip saw, if should he used on such ..isss because in many instances il adds to the .alety of the operation. On cross-cut saws .nth a stationary table and a sliding gage, a splitter max he piovided which can he adfusted rinse tr, the mw. The splitter is made with a slot at urn- end through which a screw passes to hold the splitter to the table, A pm which proiects ubnur three-sis teeiiths ,,f an inch js provided at r|ie other end of the splitter. ! his pm is torced into the wood throat piece to hold it in aiignment with the -..-in. This splitter prevents rne piece which has Keen cut nif from cnrmnrr in -.outact with the hack nf the - ww. It 'will also help keep the .ipeUtors witters ,sw:iv from the siw blade when lie is pushing waste pieces from the hack of the ;,tw. This practice is, nt ource, ,m unsafe one and should not he per mitted. x, Vr- (V). Additional information mi ciussuh saw guiuds will he found in Safe Practices Pamphlet No, Ji> WTndwurkine Machinery uni Equipment-' APRIL. 1931 National Safety Council Ine. ttr 1*0 \n,, ^ acker f)rive. * .hieajxo, m inois The Safety Exchange ..................-A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT"----- ------ rmm IDEAS presented here have proved help ful. If you have developed a useful device or method send in a description, illus trated with a sketch, blue print or photograph, if possible Safe Walkway and Railings Over Pit Here is a walkway constructed over a pipe pit in an oil company premises that deserves commendation. Lt is plainly of good stout construction and offers a safe and efficient means of reach ing the valves. Note also the stout rail ings that close in the pit on all sides and surround the great valves. Equalizer Prevents Rupture of Water Tank Plant, water tanks sometimes freeze and burst, causing damage to property and necessitating hazardous repair work. * diaries Lablte, Death Valiev Junction, `alii'., sends this simple and inexpensive device to relieve the pressure due to ex pansion by freezing. It consists of an old range boiler with a flange welded to bottom and weighted so it floats with the top about one inch out of water. It has ;i i inch hole in the center of the bottom flange. The tirst cold spell the whole surface of the water freezes over and any further freezing will cause an expansion of the water, compressing the air in the tank. The water going into air chamber reduces the pressure on the water tank walls. If any water is taken out of the tank, the pressure is relieved and the equalizer is hack to normal. If any water is added, being warmer than the water in the tank, the equalizer will rise above the ice. the platform securely in place, i'hpicture is supplied by the Oscar Maye & Company plant. Glass Shield Protects Sacking Machine Operator In the cement plant, one hazard toperators engaged in filling the cemen bags is to have a partly filled bag slit off of the filling tube, with the resul that the cement dust spurts out into th face of the operator. This hazard ha been effectually met at the plant of tl> Superior Portland t 'ement CompareConcrete, Wash., by rigging up a pia: glass shield in front of the tubes. Th; presents no obstacle or hindrance the filling operation. et affords amp. protection to the workman. The illus rratinn is from Rock Products- Maga zine. ice or ' mfeii ` 7 'eQufiuzez'f ' 77P/YR FL4M&& BOLTBP RL/}tfrS' ... / Here is a Safe Roller and Also a Rollway This movement barrel roller not only saves back injuries and mashed hands and feet but permits a sate speed and promotes ease in unloading. It is con structed of strap iron anti standard pipe fittings. The damp springs onto the head of the barrel and holds it rigid. Another notable feature is the adjust able steel platform arranged rn cover safely spaces of different width between cars and platforms. The platform has holes along either edge, into which bolts are dropped at suitable intervals to hold NATIONAL SAFETY NEW Cutter Bar Holder Helps Prevent Accidents Below is an interesting picture of a cutter bar holder that has proved very satisfactory in the plant of the East ()hio (in-' < ompany, < leveland. Gsed where (lavements or other hard surfaces have to tie opened, it has saved many injured and broken hands and arms. The probable cost of making the grip is 29 about one dollar, or even less in quantity. The handle is of one in. pipe, 20% in. long. < cimplete details are contained in a blueprint, impracticable to publish here, but available for reference in the Council library. Safety Lamp Is Now Fitted With Reflector When testing a manhole for the presence of gases, it has been customary to lower the lamp by means of a rope, then withdraw it to -ee if the flame still burned. But this test was not always satisfactory. ;o the effect uf the gas on the flame t mtid not be -ven easily from above. The reflector, shown in rhe accompanying photographs of a safety lamp, was devised at The Phila delphia ('untpany plant to enable the test man to observe the flame while the lamp was being lowered. The small re flector is constructed of chromium plated metal, and is So designed that it can be easily attached to the studs of a safety lamp at the correct angle in reflect the flame, as shown in the first picture; and also to allow the reflector to be fastened in a vertical position against the lamp when not in use. as shown in the second picture. A Hood Type of Split Safety Collar Here is a split safety collar that pre sents a smooth overall surface. It was designed by the Great Northern Paper ( Vunpany, Millinoeket, Maine, for use on paper machine winder shafts. How ever, there are many other places where such a tollar could be used to good ad vantage. Clever Device Uses Shadow Line in Cutting This "shadow line" cutter on a meat cutting machine could be applied to other industries, such as woodworking, textile, etc. It consists of an enclosed lamp in a slotted reflector, the beam coming from the slot being intersected by a strip of strap-iron which casts a thin shadow on the work, thus providing a guide line to follow in sawing, cutting, or any other operation that must be controlled manually. The shadow line permits the operator to stand back at a safe distance and also makes for accuracy, thus saving material and time. The pictures are from the plant of Oscar Mayer & *,'ontpany, packers. VPRIL. ITU Merchandise Lurrying Device Adds to Safety The modern automatic refrigerator is t wonderfully convenient device, but it is necessarily built with great, solidity and is very heavy to handle. The actompanying diagram shows in detail the 'instruction of a merchandise earning device that is valuable in handling such heavy packages. It has saved many serious strains and back injuries. The details of this device are furnished bv j. W. Ankemann of rhe XurthweMern Public Service t n.. Huron, South Dakota, but the device was originated by the Northern States Power f `n. 3(1 Practical Safety information for the Man on the Job ilK>k cards are intended for in Tdividual distribution. They may be carried in the packet conven iently: they will slide into most envelopes easily. If tacked on the wall over :t work bench or machine they will nut tear oft' when a little wind strikes them: s-vr.a! ot them can he displayed in a small space and they will ht in a standard card tile. the miluwin" alphabetical index of Safety Instruction Cards issued to date has been prepared to aid members in urdertny earns wttirli apply to their own These "Safety Instruction Cards" are printed on while <arJ stork. 3 by pa3y inches, -lightly heavier that, govern ment iiustrards. In mty /uimtitY till> price is one rent per curd mil nf one kind or n selection) tilth u minimum order of -M t'etttti. This minimum charge i- necessarv to cover the cnsl of handling, mailing, etc. Stamps nr cash mat bt* sent with order, or an invoice will he rendered. The order should specify "Safety Instruction Card*," and give the num bers of the cards selected. particular operations. Subject A,..-ni and fuitistie pipe lines, i pt*nirigiiuirnmi joints ....... Acid tanks, rc-pHirmg ..................... Air hotst opeiattoji i single c c) milei- OiFm.f ott tvpei n i(u-iitl F'-r-piratton \o. 1 17 CM iM I !."> Haldmt, Mooring , I of Celt, to pm. on a pulle\ Holier liutf*- si lassbi, repiar-iPd bfoK en.. ..i'ki ftl'li'tv 11 Ul s*1J1S (o6 ` `a bb` ` l.t'IHi.s t a riir-n i f. i' v ) t) i_- !< n u male nals * >n s it < > tt Id e vs ''t'--- it.ii'iiHimt- vMfh t v,111h11 f"< :! a i >.: nvuhi f - t W i. . .......... ......... . 7> 4 ''h'lin i s i. R tHioicv, - t'i.nia:----- th-tc turn ('hailit-. t f < mads 11 m ' 'ha i li s, : at* us<- * > t .. ----- ----- ' 'lOUtm ..lift, tit`<if iUtamsf 'b-u turn: truu [mu* !>o i'\s '!ntIn11e.r* vc,.itu-ti > int hinu :u b, [itj! mit * ` >lt! t >' >t ter t.r mui.'i! hi. proper shape ' mi pi mi: ; link tod pin I'ttMH' ami llmsi o|,,.|;iiti|'s t ii v - ff- 1 * . b/i 1 , 1 R' f 117 .. t ' lit t< ' t insm-d iiaittk is \ 'iijtu `m. I -It lifi t; it`S*--S \ Hob " I 1! Ml In !l t 111) 1v <k-tVr ?l\ ' Md.--s uyihu t in- pit!m t null m *'*' --t-f? f n!> i "`i v tliU 1"||M, t n.U l'";v'l|v ' 51 I ' ' | i v. v ' OW a i ~ O !' ii eM I' n<" j11 utus ,, uaHmir U- i ti't 7I I (t i Kb" ; |-|{- r I e 'A h boas _____ Kleetrie line vsoik, ..imtv hio-s h>r (-;!'> i nw mot - irs a ru i f m y KleCtfoe 5,. It'-M, r Hr Milt'', Hit! . tp.iiMfs ! ft..):!!.> , ..(not . Cievatui's, itiNp.-. i ,.*n Hud K-p.iif htevaiio operators, nixie* t.i . 'v ;ui ku if, t*jS.o4 *1 F.'iciy what to tin m case <>t l-'irst itn'i--- arkmii imjiioxidt* .... n.id--h-til Mini caustir bu*ns E'irst ntd--t tmirn*iuf't (li st aid--ffnst' hiu> . t-'irst aid -- tn apply pi mS'Mji"f' t. s(H[i irr Ik* 7^ ] -k`> .j Sataui'- niei'hamcs ............... .. '>'* . nia^kw, t tt-st for aii--ntfht fit ins wt-idhui-"- linnid's - rajs ami. oil I'unKu1*.^. tierhtimr Ininnds (h-malitu* blow torohos 75 iioint! to tttu'i fro'u iMtfk ;riroli:u:` `vIimmR, r,> , iimmi,- !'ts p.-nptiorai -pt-t-dsi fa kr md iiiu \s iifM-U, nti.ri nt ih u- . mi s pmd l*-1- "*a * ; findi lit: V,` n tn*l,- tiali Uc- irn *n> i - *1: < rapMi^'l wiK'ri-, j*.p tasifi1 tnafi ft, pt>r HiiliUttM Mt. -ii'tmljriu a hiM-'-s jjaiiuM limuiMiM-! i i;iiu`i*'d VSIimmIs, ihitm it> 't-tim ;f. |)f|- im ri U1111 ............................ . l < kand'iUfi' whot-N -i'<- op^rotion .... ' 1 * itmiifiv-Ih'i-U, oiakinu 2-mu trst * ; tat-d < a......... Hjimtix-r hfbtls, utt juu t* uanda-.~ \ InmiiPT flints } i u ini pi`tit**' t iuii d im-1-. f r Hanii hooks Hand touis H a tnl r- vs. iiiuv bt -tart Hand rt'tn-k. tv.u-ivinuH ... . .. Hand frm te. i-mr-1". iift-t pusn tr'n-k 11<-ai t n. :-,-n!-rai in,.. i Ml H.-aith ,'td.M t:-;, l),*ii ltd. mMdncpr-- ' t) -a I mv ha its \ mii h7 Hoinu iia^a rd1 "rii Hors- a WM|| ,;,.m !i<.j Hoi'is.ts., -.1,1" j'-UmiN handltlr.' H<kl'2SMpiu' f-1 OTfst - k t-Mpl > L!1 I 11 v p t* t i mu lis-t i.4 4 7a Hrnv fo lift 44 ft-lfio'- ....... l- - 1 into r r 5i.t f'M '7' JiU'k', : a ft* Mm- t`f ,! a It ;f. iris. 1 A M,.p,-T`sj -,m| ('[.! piM's t l1. 4 K.fplost t t t '`brlllilt! 'idiaillltr Ji.lfx 1 rfimv "Tl- !m7 1 1i t ' i 1 f< r . y i S -t|S'y--` f|n|is t- o.ie miu i.iuu:-- l-i *- a f .-u < urn words I `if.- - ' t -1: ! j t Mt " ( , fn .mera t e - a .! f-'ir,- , .fitiaiiiMin, r., ..iiriMt.- 'jti.il'l Mtlitip ` v | n' I hi 7a |7 ; l.Hu tlvma ,y lint,: > nd i' VV ri t*-|-s i > ;( I 5 -I Od*** - tic- . I Ms* Si-m; I i, 1' I.kuIuis it:n in m w ' , - f A-- i 1 , .1 - |-:i | M) VT ' "f liill't all f.iirpn-)- nit'i a | - wo cif T f m . ; i ill's i a-ati iMiiM'iiihir piaifMOf nin f.. uni ihir t a n k imii. MiairunaidM liquids) iaiicnit'ii's . SuvipMf*'*: t>, -riai'pt-ti ] .: .r 11*5 --M ;;:1 Afanila ropy ....... ..................... Mruiiia ropy. Mire whan not in mm- ......... n Manila inp, --ufy .-f 1.................................................... . t AIaintt.ma.hia* ami repair ttnai, a*ni'iai Mj^jycstions ............... ................ ,7 Making r-afytv -mrir>,>f.ions .............. . tap Motorim-di ami (`umiticturs. tii`rsr,-sF|nn.' l or Nail, huvv to Mart ..... --. . Nftt ympioy<8f.-. iteipina . .ii-.; < Mticc tM.Ttlt.-ur ra>isa*s . .. -Ml sluniav ranks, iuaianK 'Ulors. advit-'i- to ' niina maalum-ry ....................................... : f' Hi Imp, iiuityrmis, ^ym-ral sugg't'tftious. Hipe (mas, piunkinii nff ................ ibpina fy-tums, niftitiricatmn nf . i'neum^Ll-u iiaiumers and chisel?- foistoi ivv I'tsisun oat-; and puisun miiiuu- Cower trucks, qjera.Uon ut ........ Cower' pres;- "penttors, atfvice to ``ortable fo*U , 1`nrtahle MM-iisiuii lamps ... . Costure ................................ .................. Musfi touU for ioinfi-rs ami t-ircma:- saws ,; . Roll scraper <for '.`loamim- power- driven roils) .................. Kuuk tutcifes and shn^s .............. Roue, protoctinn' mun ctunjucals Rope utti Pluck .acs Ropes, sale paids t.j ULibot-i' a..., p. : a-; - r.p'old planks- o|,-|i||[uiio i-' ;t tl old jilatiks, ; .v 1 e I.,.r . -ap'oiil nl:ttiUs, 1m.o\ so ;-- scd-Lfolds, -nqt-miol lod me I'ta-tiet;.-- CkTridinii liiuiricai objects ............ Cl]Uirs, now aiiy ii-s nttT *2i rrviui: 'a pacitv ...... .......... CHim < hiun htitifcs Modes my ........ ; -t drlviim Im.jriMi i oojevis .-1;< i k imr nun- < mi run i o nr|: . ;m a i r \\ a \ r- lomi/s inn mm! f-'-Utirwas s, Sma t,, ns,* ;T,ii','i`nimiy ami ^ t<M-ki'ia>ms Miftstruke ................ , ` -A Hi a !!-. e' '{,t rtk cais, '*p*nmu ooit),- . TaeKle !'!'Uhi; iiito-ils . vv > .. '-tleU wifli m.i 1.1 ia i-'ipei T:*f'Kie. lUtUiit r,i|rii'l[V -d i<|a.-l blucks '.vsift wire i<>p,.j 'f'.iltk* b-g, i `o 11 :t c * Tim.:, id,* Pn , farik ii|lm.tif!ia> , 1 o o n 'I; : - :: -r nusred iutiis, - .onpi *- - -,it- on*' Tun,- chi's, Tiiilaiitiiiy :S:i!iMn.ix,f ilauias) ___... Thur. fired t'c.-!imr .... . Thnwtnu miycii .him-^ 'runners, . ** < t m y. ;o mno*- :'"m ikt-.,*i>..-rs , ,A'ihtiiiiu smuts ,>(,ars t < use U`uj until - mii- unit \\;irnirur muio, .rs-o- .,[ p-rrMtany \ icbrmm, ><,, --*- mns f -'bjlits >.t iibi' ! tut is . .I rv rn 11 e. i i M . Aimhiw '`b-finitig . >ft-tc belts Window i-lermmu from imfijer^ Window (..> Wire I'uim, Imrt f -1j-: i p Wire rope utM'niiimr ,ini imr-eomr ,V I re roue, when in iisi.trrj Working iteiiea t h a cu r M orry ______ Wrenehes iish ,,f NVflONAL SAFETY YFAY- PRACTICAL FIRST AID Transporting an Injured Parson Fireman'* Carry PICKS I Han<res o* picks should be smooth and ** Cu'ely t*s*enp so the heads cannot slide ,,towr fhe head should have sharp points preteraov chisel shaped. L //hen 'timet * p'tk. always mate sure there ; no cm* in back or in frnrtt of yOu dose arii.ugh ** be struck by it S To use the pid, spread yc,ur legs 4m get a firm footing then awid swinging <t either tgn close to yocr f**t or too far away. t Every fim* y<>u lay a pick down stop tg fhlnl whether or not g is rn a place wher* some one (Wight run rn|<i it or fall OVgr .r qf where might tall <sn someon*- *j On ewtM><e<-nq a iob nr when through with *h days work put ypur pick away *hnry .t s4ft go harm. " ~......... HOUSEKEEPING L'.tivcscjino Miiitftrirtis ...... 1 (^0*41 -u*wi -.lie f-t-r . ,, '; * eg ,'>n j.i tn-- i? s i con*.mend4hi* thing on wii*n .s n gone w,- ggpo luctU- i* .am, fi('4v,s kr(Wr swtroufict them- selves w {- 4 ,> ,ufrk d"c r**p * n mi h t i.svroeriy manner hat it hectsmos a real fir* 'sC'OsJ >4 >4<.rv"'k V wail wnr'li wM* It 'C* :r . u.as njjt* Pu* a so K4' * >0* *0 do w th goo.- kry`4,,1,,i(,,fin j-fl ngoo figus*treer'> '4 has a 01 *r. ,1,; ,n tF* p''vent.on ot a<c-dents rrmptrayaj *r- i'n ,-111,1 ri,r(ii nt rig,,rg sa-- r - -s no* *# b* that you vill Speng morh t m* raCv.er*r>g inatarijis that n..ght otharw s* go, to waste cm crnjte c'attored share by b" ng pn. the si.a 1*0' aU sr d to P>*.U)V yn-eonsvary waste j [ SAFFfY JNSTftUCTlON CARD No. 179 _______ i FILES t NEVER USE A RLE WITHOUT A HANDLE. M#nv m* who viflUked this precaution Ksv* had th* sharp pointed tines driven far into their hanas, IT you ue Fils mguitrly. keep "nouyh good fit* handle on hand so th*r* w<t! La no good r*aton do without one In any wvn* always se* that there ,> 4 good fitting substantial handle <?e each file you use- ? if any aS the files you have m your tool kit have particuUrfy sharp pointed tines it will pay yuu tn found them oft a hit to prevent snagging rout hand whe reaching into the lit, j Vvher filing wm-h rlose to the chuck > a lathe, file left handed so your arm will not be >naqgeri or vour clothing become caught on the fhucl jaws or dog, 4 Never Kit a file woh a hammer, Fu*c>r nf *h* hardened steel are almost sure >0 fly 5. Never male * .,rctar punch or chisel out nt an old file ihe tempennn of the niwtal make' * mp hp.lHe tor this purpose. d Do not use a file as a pry, It mav break and H breakiftct cause pires to flv 1 Be particularly careful ngt to rarry 4 file Ic your (cccket without a handle on the *m*, Otherwise the fid* may ire driven mo yur booy it yuu slip and tall, 5 The cleaner and sharper the file *h Us chance there ,4 tor si.pp.nq and skinning a knuckle. 0J SAFETY INSUuCHON caw No, 174 INATTENTION ^TVfcR stop to thmk when dnvng an automg- fiiln at torfy-five o' titty miles an invyi- how '*' + travels m as little as ii.e sU'nnai -iO what might happen il you took ysyr hangs or* the wheel ang closed yc-ltr eyes r>r that length fit an r i l*NOU' acnrient hat A-'t rr*d no* because the rniufvd person riming h,s aes took his hangs n*t the wheel d the .rife he 5 -0was "filing hut oeca^ise h* C' >f hn oi nd fgr i! moment by thinking of other H ngs, m>- pPCipf* ..all 't careie'trr*Si tt.mf <.-;f ( "I'WuM- Ustnwss: actually it is inattention to >ne pah, hand, Always remember itiat most rps 'S-p-i M- . ,,e_ t,fnt aier*na tnr u'ety. i\.,, o;'' n 4fivk S.te ae ...... br I "it fig fnuf mew umr I ' ( I* * 'S r*cessa`r in (.jnr".- ' '.`r th* mtarruption will ryt rayiv >;. ivf hurt, j ur arc rnak-ng p.jns >ir 1 - 1 ,v an argument, try to on fi_ur think no apni,r ,t *mtlid* "f working host's. In other words WATCH WHAT IkjMlRF DOiNG V/HiLb Yuu F nniNft if I'hjr/ kA4ETV iNSIftvCT'ON r*rn No,177 [ ! j 1 . GAS LEAKS V/bdt to Do TO AVOID DOG BITES 1 175*f)S4fEn INS,"uc,ION CABD No- EXTENSION LADDERS How to rfnsth and extend ThERF \ plants At d;h4nfe fgr in(itfy ,r `h* handI 1 no or .tans,on Ia/irtars, fiaisma ang attend- *4-n ,.i gt ^ay apsjreo.ahle length (I a twn.man iuL 4M awn Sc> it rnguirys (tr*m* car*. Hare s Kgs. tg r*,t,, the ladder--two good methods ar* shown1 g- PERSONAL SAFETY CHECK LIST T b,.^ [:<**!' ^tind '1 ifv-tJv'nq causes i ,".t a<u.ia'{?nt4 c i ii->nq period of time *ngt "<' 'fi'n-y eg p,1v j- imOOfUrif pdft Cbock ovAr trie hst gtd iee how you think -J-lt StaeV U0, I, a,;( sT n*eievf ie H* ' () anuMi' |g .... - - pil!, V'ac'ed wh Ie at be mb 'g 181! , J J; iiCH> immticnoN cnn No. ' 32 MATCHES ) A* *n* fn0mrtr *< tight.ng 4 mAtj-h, *( **'ne*i -it t4 4 4*t th* h* l (* n rt* I &0Q TtliJ it t4p4bl Of (jivifKJ * Batty Burn (.f t4>t>rij J *(<- (Pt*40lly wh*" t`ri= "<S 4 ttr.MT .t 4-4* <<*m 4<i <* tfH.4`0 *,. ; M It piHifjUMt oNiJfOM *n ttnfc* fftiMcti*) r>e to 4 3h# Uct jl to m ftf paoplt < o wtr> t.gnting i-ip*, . garctt* ni ,',q4t in th* ius<5. } Mk tui* tri* Bfti >t Cfowfll t>4*or ftriHifig 4 0141C > fit* hjdt of ff> Ofhtt 4f ttpitud f.Hy wa* s*kh 4"rt I^mt With 4 tilth lit* 4 !T,.r>i4luf4 t'jSteiiCA i iVhitn ilNl.nq (MS><V rwatenay ftlwayt c't fit* Map 'jfot tinting *0 gt-aio th* h*4?t of ** ^'-Yai.vj -. 4*ril4t Alwayt Mill* Wr* ttiff Hflp it (101*0 Kl**.p<5 h,t* it ro*f pOCt ,Vhri putting mifchtt (ft * frutcn *>*!** alwjtyt pi_ t!*i*p n-4Vh*i cut of '<M Mill fhiirff**, SAFETY INSTSUCriOM CARO No. 182 DRIVING VEHICLES V/hat To Do !n Case of an Automobile Accident | It Jtftynft* t ir|,uf*oi fpntov* fi.m from fh nr*.cf4| .it ou'cklv 4i <(ittib!* The* tv* fh*t Ei* taken to * hip*U1 or p.ut in tfe* C4fi o* i 'doctor. f Pf*Y*nf smottftq *1*4* fhn yeh.i-ifi if gay .{ate-* bn* Hit ba*|i tpilUd in **%# pt 4 hr* ui* 4ft vntifigunher on th* bit* of th* flam* t>> *hrw oirt Oft if J S*<yr* *h* nam* tddntft 4><d licom* Awmbfff oi nv Pttipr anvnrs involved, Get h* r*rgittr4t>on-pUf ftymbart at olbifr vid*t uv . ofv#tf -tftft fh narft* i>i <f* fompinift it' any which intur* th*m, 4 ij$i fti* nitir>*t and *d<if*ttit of <n(urea prt?ot and pattengofi of th ofhvr cati- b f;?*t names and *ddreat *f anv fcysrandert or other wifnestss (Writ* these down afpnce. Do not fruit fo memory}. t. ft <j4m4tsnd vehicles are bloctma traffic but can be driven or pushed move them <0 one side, ' Cnooerate tullv with env police who m*y be jsieyenf Answer all their ouestiont bnefiv and truthfully. Do not argue, ? Do no* discuss the blame for th* accident with sfhor driven, Get 'he facts and lot it go at `hat. '" If (icor car is tofioiitSv damaged or if anyone is -mureii, telephone this information *o head* yujrten, ifl Mai* cwf regulfed reports on the accident, r||) safety iNsmueriON card No. 183 ------ ------------------------------1 SHEATHES FOR SHARP POINTED TOOLS THE illustrations on this card suggest simple 1 ways of making sheathes of such materials a aid leather and canvas belting, rubber hose, etc ' One n1pllu*ng a.t a n1p*ime ' developed fur safety committee meet ings. Displays made from local ma terials were arranged in various Makes Program Successful parts of the plant; at one time a collection of unsafe tools that had been picked up in the machine shop, at THE shot-gun variety of safety pro gram still predominates in most industries. The worker has grown taking into consideration both frequency another a display of types of goggles and and severity. This yielded the follow their proper uses. All employees were ing list: foot injuries, handling ma invited to see safety motion pictures. used to the steady ballyhoo about general terials. falls, harmful substances, eye When an accident did occur the safety and it no longer sinks in. Swallow injuries, and machinery injuries. All matter was laid before the superintend ing the whole subject of accident pre available information on these subjects ent of the division after investigation by vention in a single dose has been too was collected from safety committees, the safety engineer. The superintendent much for the patient; he has become the National Safety Council, safety was led to feel that he was responsible only partially immune. equipment companies, state labor de for this accident. He in turn took it up These were the conclusions of John N. partments, safety magazines and hand with the supervisor of the department Dick, writing in the August, 1933, num books. ami the company's, inspection in which it incurred. The supervisor ber of The Personnel Journal. In Ills reports and records of accidents. saw the foreman about it. and finally the article Mr. Dick describes the details of A month or more was schedule! for foreman discussed the various angles of an eastern company's change from a each of the safety subjects listed. Each the i ase with the injured man himself, general to a specific program, specializ week a poster stressing some specific explaining what had caused the accident ing on one phase of safety at a time. phase of the subject was placed on the and how it could have been avoided. The launching of such a program in bulletin boards. Most of these were pre The success of the new program was volved three things: pared at the plant, photostatic copies evident from the start. -`Foot injuries" 1. The presentation of each safety being used for [lusting. They were was chosen as the initial subject of the idea in such a way that each person simple in design and carried very little campaign. As a result, more safety could easily understand and digest it. lettering. Employees who did not read shoes were sold to the plant during the 2. The full cooperation of the man English could understand them. Below month than had been sold during the agement ( the body through which safety each poster three or four pertinent safety entire previous year. Even after the ideas must he sold to superintendents, hints were listed. campaign was finished with this subject supervisors, foremen, and finally to the just before a new poster was to be and had taken up the next one, the workers), displayed, a letter was sent to each fore monthly sales of safety shoes remained 3. Some rest by which the success of man acquainting him with the nature of above the total for the previous year. the program could be judged. the poster for the week and with the facts, Since the campaign has been !n The campaign mntempiated present causes, and costs relative to the specific progress, accidents due to the reuses ing one idea at n time with such force accident subject. An illustrated article stressed have been reduced oO per cent. that every man would he impressed. on the current safety topic appeared each The cost of such accidents has been re All accidents incurring at the plant month in the plant magazine, Pertinent duced 70 per cent. The author esti during the preceding year were analyzed leaflets, as well as safety magazines, were mates that at least 30 per cent of the for causes. The i a uses were then distributed to all foremen and safety reduction has been due to the specialized grouped in the order of their seriousness. committee men. Special talks were safety campaigns. N ATIONAL SAFETY YEWS 33 M *A SKIJOjCABDS M A SAFETY SHOES mil/i d&el peiufewaui- 1/&L &IN IVY S-A FIRST AIR EQiffPMEMT id meet eee.y rgi^mmmM /I i--L. 'L ` 'L>' * / : -U f z There IS a right side in this matter of accident preven tion, you know, *}MSA Skullgards will avert all manner of head injuries, yet they're light, cool, and comfortable to wear. <JMSA Safety Shoes will resist a crushing weight, although they're just as easy to wear as ordinary shoes, <1 Thousands of minor injuries will never become seri ous if MSA First-Aid Equipment is readv at hand when they occur. /i MSA Skullgards. Safety Shoes and First-Aid Kits; they're available in a range of sizes and types to meet the needs of every industry. Eye Protectors, too, and other MSA Safety Clothing of every description. Q It doesn't involve a heavy expenditure to provide your men with MSA TANGIBLE accident insurance. You'll see your reward on the RIGHT SIDE of vour ledger, in materially re duced compensation costs. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES COMPANY Braddock, Thomas and Meade Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. MSA Equipment includes Breathing Appa ratus . , , inhalators,, , Masks of alt Types .., Gas Indicators,,, first Aid Equipment District Representatives in Principal Cities Eye and Head Protectors,, .Safety Clothing , , , Edison Electric Cap Lamps . . , Des criptive Bulletins will be sent upon request* APRIL. 1934 Wliat Is a Dustr Faetorv? ft By E. G. MEITER, M.D. Pirertor, industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co. Quantity of dust, size of particles, and mineral composition must all he considered HE importance of atmospheric Tdust as an agent in the causation :>f respiratory diseases has long been known. However, it is only with in the last few .rears that this subject has achieved medical and legal import ance in dusty industries. Because of the extension of compensation laws to in clude occupational diseases, and through an ever increasing number of legal suits against industrial concerns by employees claiming disability due to dust inhalation, there is need for an intensive attack on the problem. To control the dustiness of the air intelligently, the amount of dust present must be determined. With a given dust, two factors are usually considered: (1) the number of dust particles in a given quantity of air: (_') particle size, usual ly expressed in a size frequency distri bution curve, that is, the percentage less than stated ,-ize is plotted against the size of particles. Instruments for Dust Counts Many instruments have been devised for determining the dust concentration in air. and it may be well to give a brief historical review of the subject. The South African investigators began using the sugar tube method for sampling at mospheric dust in 1011; the same method was used by the t.\ S. Bureau of Mines1 as early as lyl4. By this method a meas ured volume nf dusty air i.- passed through a tube containing granulated sugar which filters out the suspended dust. \t the laboratory, the >ugar is dis solved in water and the number of dust particles D determined by counting those m a -mall volume m the -ugar solution under a microscope. This method of dust sampling had certain disadvantages, the chief of which was the fact that the purest commercial sugar contained a certain quantity of dust, which introduced considerable 11 h i A. J., FTiflrsrins, fviwm, Puiirsouarv Ms-m*monsr Miner* in the Joplin lustre f, Missouri. Mines Technical p.iper .SM, im.h ili.tlh, fhi pielilner. Katz, ft, HM and Lonsr- feUow, K ft,. 'The ftoe-Rr jhiii*' Method <jf deteniuntmr rtock imst in (he Au\ [{iinqiii of Y-onmcal Paper AM. errors, especially in those samples con taining a low dust concentration. To overcome the limitations of the sugar tube method various other devices were developed, one of which was the Palmer apparatus-. This apparatus consisted essentially of a pear-shaped glass bulb, the lower end of which terminated in a Id-tube or trap. Suction was applied to the giass bulb by means of an electric exhaust fan and the volume of air meas ured by means of a Petot tube. Dustfree distilled water was put into the Utube. The air drawn through the water in the trap broke it up into a spray within the larger portion of the sampling bulb, which washed out and retained the dust. The dust so obtained was ana lyzed by the usual methods. The Palmer apparatus also had cer tain disadvantages, the chief of which was that its efficiency ns a dust catcher was low. In the search for a more port able type of instrument, which at the same time would yield rapid results, the South African investigators intro duced in 1916 a new instrument known as the Kotze' konimeter-. The koniineter samples dust by impinging a small vol ume of air against the surface of a vaseline-coated glass plate, the vaseline serving to catch the dust particles. The dust retained on the glass plate was then counted under the microscope at a suit able magnification. The chief disadvan tages of the konimeter are that in atmos pheres containing a high concentration of dust, the spots are too dense to allow counting the individual particles and the method can. therefore, not be used in such cases, also many samples had to be taken to secure a correct average determination in places where the dust concentration was variable. As a result of the different methods >f dust determination being user! bv the different governmental bureaus and others, if was soon found that the vari ous dust-sampling methods did not yield absolute results, consequently some con fusion arose in interpreting the various dust studies. In order to arrive at some "D.impnnuvp insstruxui'nts for ! uu^rintnimr Atmosphere FnjMts.*' it ft. ihiblie Health Bulletin ,V. !44 <19 basis of comparison the lb S. Bureau of Mines conducted a laboratory study of dust-sampling instruments. The results of this study were published in PublicHealth Bulletin Mo. 144 entitled "Com parative Tests of instruments for Deter mining Atmospheric Dusts." (1925!. During the course of this study two of the investigators. Dr. L. Greenhurg and G. W. Smith, devised a new apparatus calk'G the impinger. In the comparative study the dust collecting efficiency of the im pinger was found to be high, and in addi tion the method offered several advan tages over precious methods. After sever al modifications to meet special require ments, this instrument was adopted by the Federal Public Health Service and Bureau of Mines as the standard tech nique for the sampling of dust in air The instrument has been used in rhr study of a number of dust trades, an is the accepted method in use today. Size of Inhaled Particles It has been observed from a study silicotic lungs that most of the dust particles that have penetrated into the air sacs are less than 10 microns in ioneest dimension (1 micron is 1 <1000 mill:meter, or 1/25000 inch), it is general,;, agreed, therefore, that we need not bat he with particles larger than 10 microns measuring the concentration of a dunge ons dust. So that you may visualize the size o. these small particles, consider a 2 A mesh screen in which the screen opening are 50 microns. In the absence of a (tea:: of light, an atmosphere containing the-., tiny particles will appear dear to T' naked eye. and therefore is extreme" deceptive. Only a powerful microscop' can make such particles directly visihv It is necessary, therefore, to make microscopical examination of the ntmi> phere to learn how badly polluted it mat be. Larger particles such as are visible to the naked eye are essentially harmless in the causation of silicosis, as these ar i aught by the membranes provided nature in the nasal and other respirator; (sassages and are eventually coughed ir or eliminated before any damage is done NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 35 ,..u .AM*MHiA. .- - iSSHSIBiil FACTS ,,/,, M ERCURQCHRi > VIE it, vr. & n. it is an effective germicide It is not irritating in wounns It is not toxic in wounds ft has been in medical use >r 1' ; e.us It is controlled chemically, ,u linio.ouicjlh and pharmacologically It is accepted by the Count d on l'liaimacy and Chemistry of the Amem,:,n tleiiirai Association. Scratches, abne-nms mil mium "ounds may become infected 'lie n-t "i li rrurochroine is tin important preventive nn a^on . HYXSOX, WeSTCOTT & 1)1 ' BALTIMORE, MAIiVt. \\,' ' - no. M'Ull,. I`>3 1 36 When small dust particles are dis persed in air, they are carried about like smoke and settle out very slowly. How long such particles will remain suspended in quiet air can be roughly determined from Stoke's lawk Assuming a round particle to be one micron in diameter, it can be calculated by means of this law' that such a particle will fall only 20.3 feet in 24 hours. It can be seen, therefore, that any fine dust dispersed into the air is not only a momentary hazard but remains in the air for an in definite period. This fact is often over looked by workmen, as it is usually as sumed that as soon as the dust cloud is no longer visible all dust has settled out. What Is a Dusty Factory? The term "dusty working place" is only a relative one. Most air, both in side and outside of factories, contains some dust. It is. therefore, necessary to adopt a standard content for the dividing line between slightly dusty and dusty working places. The Wisconsin dust code4 prescribes a "tentative figure of IS million countable dust particles under 10 microns in longest dimension with free silica content of 35 per cent in a cubic foot of air as determined by Public Health Service technique. Vari ations in free silica content will make proportional inverse changes in this standard." In accordance with this standard the permissible count for prac tically pure silica would be 5.250,000 particles. How Samples are Collected As mentioned previously, the instru ment used in collecting the dust samples is that known as the impinger."5 With this instrument the air to be sampled is drawn through a glass tube and impinged at a high velocity on a glass plate which is immersed beneath a suitable liquid contained in the collecting flask. The impinger, therefore, combines the principle of collecting dust by impinge ment with a water washing or bubbling method and so possesses the advantages of both principles. The dust is thus trapped and remains in the collecting liquid. Suction is applied to the im pinger by means of a steam ejector oper ated by compressed air. Where com pressed air is not available, a small elec- 'Lnniwi, A. J, no fTisTins, lOOwtn, "Pnl- mnnarv | jirfjsi^ Vrnony* Minor* m .Jop lin lttriot, Missouri." Pumui tt of Mine* Tr-.-h, Rnpur N", In.p, j: i .*>, p i nrdf-rc .,ri imsts i-'ijiiitN, Yopors <n*i >Tiso- p-suof} hr l ruins t rut) j t ojumis- ''ion ot Wisconsin, March }\ t A 2. SrponticriT i,oonar<i end Bloomfield, j. J., '-t 'onctniorion And f'se of fmpintr-o- i Hist-Sri mplinjr Apparatus" i'i|D)m Health Reports Mar, 1 v 11*32, V 47 tricallv-operated vacuum pump may be is obtained. Control counts are sub used, 'The rate of air flow is measured tracted from the average sample counts, either by means of a small vacuum gage giving finally, average net counts of the or an orifice-type flow meter. number of particles which are then cal The entire apparatus is calibrated be culated in terms of particles per cubic fore use against a standard gas meter, foot of air sampled. so that a known volume of air may be sampled. The rate of sampling is ap Mineral Composition of Dust proximately one cubic foot of air per minute. The dust-collecting device is placed in close proximity to the breath ing level of the workmen involved while performing their respective duties, so that air samples representing actual working conditions may be obtained. After a sufficient volume of dust-laden Having determined the concentration of dust particles less than 10 microns in diameter in a given atmosphere, it is also necessary to obtain information regard ing the mineral composition of the dust before any evaluation of the health hazard can be made. air has been sampled, the collecting In general it may be said that the liquid is placed in a suitable container harmfulness of a quartz containing dust and removed to the laboratory for the is usually in direct proportion to its free- necessary analysis. siiica fSiO,,) content. It is, therefore, necessary to distinguish between "free How Samples are Counted silica," the silica that occurs as quartz, and "combined silica," or the silica that When the dust sample reaches the is combined with other elements in the laboratory, the entire sample is filtered various silicate minerals. It should be into a dean graduated flask through a borne in mind, therefore, that the total 280-mesh screen so that only particles silica reported in the customary chemi smaller than 50 microns are permitted cal analysis is no measure of the amount to pass: particles larger than 50 microns of free silica. aAthrfeeterernfoporrteo,pceorrnesdmiidlouevtreieoddn,firnthojuemrcioounthsteenatnssdaonf'aqttlfei&lp, `t^tfcuTahielv quartz content determined by of fine dusts a combination is of graduated flask are thoroughly shaken petrographic and chemical methods, so that a uniform suspension is obtained, Each dust presents individual problems and two portions of about one cubic centimeter are removed with a pipette and no individual technique applies to all dusts. Those interested in this prob fo just fill two Sedgwick-Rafter counting cells. The cells are allowed to stand at lem should consult Reprint Xo. 15m) of the Public Health Reports. February- 24, least 20 minutes and the dust particles are then counted by means of a micro 1633, entitled "The Quantitative Deter mination of quartz (free silica) in Dusts" scope. by Adolph Knopf, professor of physical The microscope with an Abbe con geology, Vale University, and consultant, denser is provided with an eyepiece mi United States Public Health Service. crometer, a 16-millimeter objective and a 7.X eyepiece. The eyepiece micrometer has a large square engraved on it. and Company Honors 510 this square is divided into 100 squares, Sale Drivers one of which is further divided into 25 smaller squares. The proper tube length of the microscope is determined by cali bration with a stage micrometer, so that a side of the large square of the eyepiece covers 1 millimeter (1000 microns). The large square of the eyepiece mi crometer, therefore, encloses the dust in an area of one square millimeter, and since the counting cell is one millimeter deep, all the dust suspended in one cubic millimeter of the sample is under the ruled field, All particles visually less than 10 microns in longest diameter in NOT even a broken fender nr a smashed tail light marred the perfect driving records of S10 drivers of trucks and automobiles for Continental Oil Company during 1933. In recogni tion of this commendable performance each driver has received a safe driver's certificate which is issued annually by the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company. Accident prevention and fire prevention activities for the Continental Oil Company are administered by J. S, Bovlan, director of safety. one quarter of the field are counted at five points on the cell, namely, near the '`How did you hurt your hand?" four corners and the center. " Reckless driving." Two cells of each dust sample are "Of your auto?" counted and the average of 10 counts "No, a nail." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 0 /flfTy /IWIC The J-W Indicator I for the detection of inflammable ---- ----- ----------------------------------------- . . or explosive gas-air mixtures. theJ-Windicatorwas designed by the engineers of one of the mojoroil companies, especial ly for use in the oil industry. Uses ordinary No, 6 dry cells, readily obtainable--no stor age batteries to charge or maintain, Send for your ropy of Bulletin No. 1105. Oan be easily handled by non-fechniral operators as readings are direct in terms of explosibilitv. Note simple layout of explosibilitv merer, at left. it is equally adapted for use by gas and chemical com panies--in fact, wherever inflammable or explosive gas-air mixtures may exist. DAVIS equS CO. INC. CHICAGO, ILL. * NEW YORK CITY HOUSTON, TEX. DAVIS EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CO., LTD., s frroncitcc and Lot Ansl, Cit APKIL, 1934 Industrial Health A /Von-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen mmm The Rocking Method of 5. Warmth can be applied easily during the process, Artificial Respiration 6. There is no great circulatory dis turbance. By HARRY W. GENTLES, M.B., PM.* 7. More than 15 rocks a minute has a tendency to wash out too much CTi. and delay spontaneous breathing. UMEROUS inquiries have been N received regarding a method of artificial respiration recently developed in England. In 1932 Dr. Eve reported a case of paralysis of the diaphragm following diphtheria in which the life of the patient was saved by the rocking method. In many cases where artificial respiration must be kept up for a long time, the pro longed period of respiration is not only fatiguing to the relays of operators, but the pressure may also have a bad effect upon the patient. Dr. Eve sought a method in which inspiration and expira tion could he carried on without this external pressure. In 1933 he with another reported again his investigation of the rocking method of artificial respiration. Among other things brought out was the lung ventilation by the various methods of artificial respiration. Following is the amount of tidal air shown by each method; Silvester--about 200 c.c.rn. Schafer- 550-500 c.c.m. Rocking--450-600 c.c.m. The Riley litter which has since been pur out- ((insists of a stretcher with a padded groove at the head end. At the other end the canvas is cut out to make four compartments into which the feet of the patient will fit, according to his size. This litter is balanced on a metal or wooden horse which allows it to be swung up and down over a 50 degree range either way. The riming recommended is from 10 to 15 times a minute, ff increased above that, the content of ' < > falls so low that there may he no tendency <m the part of the patient to initiate breath- Oirt'iTor. FHrfifc Aid a ltd j,iie Savmu, t'hlraefo Chapter, Amoriran Red ilrnsn, ing bv his own respiration center. This would he a disadvantage unless the oxygen-carbonic acid mixture is used with an inhalator. At the regular rate the ventilation of the lung considerably exceeds that of natural breathing and a conscious patient is quite aware of the forcible rise and descent of his diaphragm. Effect on the pulse: where the patient was kept with head down, either breath ing naturally or by the rocking method, the pulse was slowed. In the feet down or horizontal position, the pulse was practically unchanged. The blood pres sure was unaltered in the head down position. The deductions drawn were: 1. The tidal air by rocking is at least as effective as by the Schafer method, '. The rocking method requires less effort. 5, It can be kept up over a longer period. 4, ft can he done by untrained men. S. Ten rocks ventilate sufficiently in the normal: therefore the best rate lie# between 10 and 15. <). When artificial respiration is neces sary begin the Schafer method until a stretcher with blanket, hot water bottles, etc., can be made ready. The stretcher may be improvised from a plank, padded ladder, etc., laid across a fence or a wooden horse. The patient should he tied over the shoulders toward the fee: with a band just above the hips to kee: him in position. Public utility companies and other large corporations are receiving more and more requests for assistance ir. emergencies and even in cases of illness often groups of men have carried >> artificial respiration for several days considerable expense. Here is a methoc that may be just as efficient and ran be handled by n comparatively small num ber of people, apparently without undue fatigue to them and to the advantage the patient. "V Sketch of -tretcher ii-cd for the Ruckine Method of re-uscitation. Patient (aid head down in slot 11,1 allowing escape of fluids, free breathing; tongue -tavs m posi tion. >21 V-shaped straps for shoulders attached to foot of stretcher. <Si Bar across which stretcher is rocked. it) Partitions for feet. (5) Strap over hips. NATIONAL SAFETY YEWS >dAtt'.HOL 39 Feet Cling to Inland 4-WAY Floor Plate Inferior of General American Milk Car built by General American-Pfaudler Carp. For the safety of attendants, Inland 4-Way Floor Plate is used for the step--a small but dangerous spot, STUDY the pattern of Inland 4-Way Floor Plate shown above. No matter at what angle a foot strikes this pattern, it meets friction. But note also that projections are separated and placed at an angle so that a heel will not catch. Feet cling to the 4-Way pattern, but the pattern will not trap the feet. In safety, the most important factor in choosing floor plate, Inland 4-Way has a distinct advantage. There are other advantages. 4-Way matching mini mizes waste. 4-Way dramage makes the safety of cleanliness easy to maintain. Extra stiffness (pro jections overlap, reinforce one another both length wise and crosswise) assures adequate strength for any application. Since no other material offers such a list of ad vantages, Inland 4-Way Floor Plate deserves thor ough consideration for covering dangerous spots in your plant and on equipment you use or sell, for stairways and landings . . . wherever danger lurks. Write for new descriptive literature. INLAND STEEL COMPANY, 38 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, III. # for stairs, both interior and exterior, fn/cmd 4-Way fioor P/afe has enjoyed a remarkably quick acceptance bv arefii* feets and builders throughout the country. INLAND ABLE SERVANT OF THE CENTRAL WEST Sheers Strip Tin Plate Plates Structural* PUinq Patis Bars Track Accessories Rivets Billets APRIL, 1934 40 The Bulletin board .A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety Conducted, by STAN KERSHAW The Super-Modern Bulletin Board be used, such a sign is not practical because the letters would be too small to form with the glass tubing. How AST month we dared to guess what ever, signs of vitrified or etched glass L the future might hold in store in would be almost as effective and not so the way of safety bulletin boardsc.ostly. We are told that some of these Although we did not intend to offer any signs are made to resemble neon signs. further description of this super-modern The electric wiring should be in con bulletin board for the time being, we duit in so far as possible, and in accord have received so many requests for con ance with the best practice. The switch struction details that we feel duty bound that controls all the lights and mechan to include on this page a cross-sectionai ism could he located either inside the view of it showing one suggested structure or at some remote location as, arrangement of the internal mechanism. for instance, in the safety man's office. It is to be expected that anyone undertaking to build a home-made structure of this sort will want to hold down the cost and that he will therefore want to adjust the design to suit the material and appliances he may happen to have on hand. For this reason we give no dimensions except to say that the bulletin board window openings should be at. or only a little above, eye level. It is likely that plywood or a hard pressed wallboard may be found useful in building the main part of the struc ture. However, if the entire structure is to be exposed to the weather much care will he needed in choosing and apply ing the necessary protective coating of paint. It is suggested that this be done in about the same manner as an auto mobile body is finished to insure not only good protection from weather but also to give it the appearance of a well done job. An advantage of such a finish is that it can be easily cleaned, waxed and polished as needed. In the drawing we have shown a re peating phonograph to provide the sound. If this is used, another phono Electric light h illuminate the glass Electric lights m four comers of .'evolving ixiltetin C board housing .`'holograph mechanism j _ tilth repeating attachment Panel on one side lunged to give access to phonograph graph with a recording attachment in the safety man's office would enable the preparation of special records at any time. A somewhat more advanced idea would be to install a modified public address system with the loud speaker in the bulletin board structure and the microphone in the safety man's office where both music and safety talks could be broadcast at noon hour and other appropriate times. Many safety men who have been suc cessful in their efforts are asking for new stunts to maintain interest. Per haps this advanced idea in safety bulletin boards will help to fill this need. Hid,> for ventilation fitrifled or etched glass signs on ml /bur sides. Blass window cm one side hinged to give access to Bulletin Board, tenanting _ cylindricalbulletin board of curved fin with sheet cork, hardfelt or other suitable material cemented on, "1-4-- Small motor to revolve ! ixtl/e/in board bv friction . drive. Buill-m Dhonobrapn horn. There may be a little difficulty in getting the revolving bulletin board operating at the right speed to allow sufficient, time to read the posters as they go by the windows. It should be possible to conrol this very nicely with suitable resistances in the motor circuit. In the original drawing we pictured the use of n neon type of sign at the top of the structure. On further investiga tion we find that if much wording is to worn - r77rrl $L_ '! il BrtCK Of ..... ..ncn.-ie ^ foundation it NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS T'iiftla: EXPECT YOU fo JWRKUFELYj TOO if vnu hut realized the anxious moment?, and the heartaches that accidents hrinu to wives ttud mothers everywhere, 1 am sure .dii would trv to be more careful tfr the sake of'-that particular '`some one" whose life r* unseif' iihlv devoted to vour welfare. MAT. O N I JxM incites........4 uniu ijour safety is often in your TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS NATIONAL S A t t T V COUNCIL Sftif-B SOM-C i 7x23 satlses 7?$xS8 ii',hK 4 irnits 8 witte GET FIRST AID AT ONCE NATION* (. 4. A P T V O U N C, I L 4l*s il r?*?! Aietete jfPliff,., fyti * \T I O N A L A f E. T V COUNCIL "o-B l*r `: w-ts r.SrirTrotrpr*' m*t frr .. -.1 *W s. T O N A L S A F t` T V iJsis CM/vey i' O ii N C L 4 s,i?,ifa * . ,,tK KEEP MIRROR; ADJUSTED PLAY SAFELY0/9 /^PLAYGROUND {\!/ v ^ \ ?, vV. \- ' - isO , 't jdk , of the INTERSECTION Jthat 100KS SAFE YOU MAY NOT SEE tlw OANfuFR NATION. a r f: r i r oUN Il N C II A,;,',:,*M:L f'+ A T i O N A l. '> * * C l' Y r o U n r ! i, wjiii rnmmtm :r,rom ,' ,,',,','.... .'.... 1 Sslf 'incfew,;.:::1 ii SB It is unsafe to enter tanks or tank cars withoutgas mask and lifeline unless the tank has been tested with accurate indicator and found `gas free! ill i ^ YOU CANT h \ WAIT UNTIL S d THE LAST d SECOND t j PREVENT AN Sft. H AT I O N A~i \v A ft "r Y ' c o U N ... -t- k.. . MS?."' '' SxH ....'I onit '%ti turtles- J >*>' ONE OF THE THINGS GOOD MECHANICS DO . Hold chisels fnts my whenever } possible Not this iov '* .V-w ) ANY MEASURING TAPE may become a DEADLY LIVE WIRE If it touches electric wires Most cloth tapes contain fine copper wtres for strength KEEP ALL TAPES AWAY FROM WIRES AND LIVE LONGER WtiV SHOULD I PICK THAT UPI DIDN'T PUT |T I Sna TtlERP f--------- <J ZRl, --------- y'x/i- 4fiS'5......; : 'Sx'Jl? IbcHw :I' " ; ' fSlJ .. I yiiit 7SA JTMWU^ V I SAFLT1T SKITS You Can Generally Tell How Much a Fellow USES.HISHEAD 8v the CHANCES HE TAKES flirt*'**f ............... WITM:1-I:':? ter:siw: SA"S;A:Sv!i':;Si.s:..:::' '; ^=S=:~~ 5164 fllg'ittctoi |...sr >600 'xI2 ktefitsi MrtU SI to Ostt'2 Inches KlWf I......... si 2 latte , I, wilt' 'll f'|9is 11: 0 . :. .1 w it..; "MU.. .. ^:s! 2 titeis Flu U*4vtn > (St H Im pH, Ite-4 #* tMU *h- % >it tut, if ^ I* f ftwr4 1: fPt t '* i t* It 4* 43BI; LtAKN FROM THE EXPERIENCES t IS JUDGED OF OTHERS!" BYTHECOMPANY Iwo carpenter* were weidone on a scaffold helping to swiAf i FrMvv cap info place on top of sawed off piling, Both cnen stood m thi* renter of the plank. When they anoted in lifting the cap they added enough to fheir own weight to break the plank and both of them fell to the ground. Fortunately no limbi were broken, but one oi the men was severely bruised PAR T OF 1 HE JOB OF PREVENTING ACCIDENTS 15 TO BE ALWAYS THINK- _ INC. AHEAD OF DANGER .................1 SIS business to 1hamper with any oF the -- electrical c-quipment. You risk 30 serious injurv if you do. Report all equipment i\iat is out of order. (,N AT i 'It N A c a rE rv ' 11r q u N C L IBS;4 HE KEEPS,ANDTHE l COMPANY IS r JUDGED BY THE MEN IT KEEPS- SO WORK S A FELLY/-*' '1 i i. t r r o 11 N r iH SISJ ^c.'. i. v-:4ip- T:j:P;v9*t tisfMt#- | WS', DID YOU EVER. i is STOP TO CONSIDER ALL THE THINGS IN LIFE YOU WOULD MISS IF YOU LOST YOUR EYES ? 'ttcf I WEAR YOUR GOGGLES f ! v f il V N i 435# She It Iflf&fi"" I imA , ; 4#?f PLAYING SAFE i il ii jjS;Y. rife.1'; F (. i v f*:ll !! BEATS PLAYING A H A R P/ c o U N i- i C I|i4- h U N < I, Ottif 4,355 9*12 inches. 1 ***** , MANS LAUGHTER BE GRDEREV- DON'T LEAVE TRUCKS IN PASSAGE-WAYS IH r- m N c > v MAY MEAN MANSLAUGHTER ``iflONAL SlSt#:. ..:: ; ' : 'I-mat " ''5114 ^^ f %imt - '..4613: 1 A f F TY C, O U N c > [iS iilik iJ iii Pi I SSiE. IS saw tKl'Z'liicfitl-- WATCH thc/e SLEEVES ,T* O N A L *, A * L T V i.. O U N C i !. ARE TO WALK ON NOT TO FALLON KEEP THEM CLEAN I Ak Ft X\ f- O U N C ( l. i, wsl<-- 5*12 Incfws 1 ugft ..sill. 'S'. <kll !*!* "5 ' 4SSS 9*1? ' ' 1 unit 4#f :'4e il ifsrfws I amt **** ITS WORTH A LOT AND DOESNACOST A WEE PENNY ^ A`l i O u N cil 4853" . Sxlilttfitss,.,/:, " I M4t> H'** |4 c "littaV Sf (!;"*:J:*iTM \ . 5, . 3*13 italics' Ssfrvi- t..t 'S. - ' ,-i* ' " Modern Traffic 't&fumd, V EXTRA CAUTION ISSl^ ^3333 "'-sSsN V""1 *\l. J? s- '-A S*12 l.nCltnS8:::':::::'tlSf'.. ,:^:T ...t ; i; ,apit ; ,v ,4||S . ....31.12 |scliea;:- :J'rp " '' - " .. . .' i umk WHOSE FAULT IF HIS HAND 1$ CRUSH ED? THOUGHT U TODAY F ANY KIND OF A JOB CAN BE DONE FEL When Opening Valves cAm Gauge GPeceucagwIm AWAY /yam YOU Ai&Mi, :fel'4 ><V r { twit ' H$i t|2 iiiefer I unit - r'V (km think before m accident is is 'worth u million mm afterward iftC'IW'-...... i do you mHow; -SAND- WILL CLEAN CREASE FROM SLEDGE AND MAKE IT SAFER TO USE / SUM y.xli lO'thf.... KEEP THOSE FLOOR OPENINGS COVERED/ NATIONAL. r. T V C *_> U N C I ,"4-611^ , i apis What may HAPPEN WHEN YOU DON T WATCH YOUR STEP mf: i oaif mi WHtMliM SAFETY Throe men working; on repairs 'Three padlocks un the switch Do You (ret the idea? NATIONAL C. A f C T O (. NOIL 'fisif...... 4664" ; SI1 Mchm SAFE DRIVING STRUCK YDU /Vj nice the victim thought = fo have a pal M % 50 kind f But in taking off v" the bandage r...' He found he'd done rone blind ....... NATIONAL S A K K. T Y COUNCIL . -.4$54-'v:' 9*12.'inches . I unit Better Use h\ A Clamp SAFE MINER IS KNOWN- BY THE____ CONDITION. OF HIS__ WORKING-- PLACE--____ ( e T v c L< v N C t L iFltll .... ' 1 m\kf 4Wt 'H* 1 Mftrhet, I*, IN DRYDOCK KEEP ANCHOR PAWLS SET AVOID ACCIDENTS 1 tttm W4 'he U Whet vf feerite JiMiiHi.il> M-'t? Cmresnl ter 1? 48 Macwhyte Atlas Braided Slings are quickly applied and hug the load, preventing slippage. 1 Because they have a flexible non:tnking body made of multiple parts if wire rope. Atlas Slings are easier o handle and are unusually safe. ' Macwhyte Atlas (patented) Braided Slings are made exclusively >y the makers of Macwhyte Wire ?ope. Write for performance recrds, complete data and catalog. How Valuable Is a Human Being? f ('ontinucd Worn papr g) amounts which run high into the thou sands and even into the millions. Those are multiplied incidents of the recogni tion of great human values. A concurrent development of human values has been shown in the field of taxation. Neither state constitutions nor state statutes gave important con sideration to the bases of taxation except those of property and commodity trade, the latter manifesting itself in tariffs. The rapid development of income taxes in the states and the nation, and in for eign countries, was not due wholly to the fact that it constituted a new source of revenue. It included a concept of a human being as a unit of economic value. every kind. When we consider the nun; her of fatal accidents in automobiles anc in homes, and the large number of per manent and partial disabilities, we mac readily see how serious a matter it is n destroy, or even to maim, a human eco nomic unit. 2. A man who has an income iron personal sendees of $4,000 a t ear, i.likewise the equivalent of a tax free bom asset of $100,000. 3, A man who labors with only a littu more than merely his physical power, ha a value sufficient to give hint an income of, say, $1,000 a year. Even the pro fessions have architects, teachers, law yers, doctors, dentists and minister- This method of taxing would not have bad such a ready acceptance if it had not been for the common recognition of human values. However, a different phase of esti mating value was developed in the in come tax process which did not appear with any great definiteness in the war risk enactments. That principle was the one of variations in human values as measured by both personal and invest ment. income. The statements in the Declaration of Independence about equality certainly are not now mnsideted to be true with reference to human values; and thus economic distinctions are created by law that are at great vari ance from the old idea of a simple poll tax. Let us now compute the o unomic values of men: I. We know a man whose income whose incomes may be as low as $1.0U a year. An income factor as low as tha must be related to a bond ownership <r >25,000, The principle is the same regardless o: the income. Get the point that as going and earning individual his asse' value is great so long as he is going anc earning. Most men must travel the roar, of earning from youth on up to the en> of life, and thus their economic valuetravel with them. An interesting approach to this sitnr estimate of value may be noted in the conception of potential values. Let v suppose that a man lives to the age <>. 70, and that at 30 his earnings are suf ficient to enable him to set. aside one thousand dollars a year. He would ac cumulate in the [teriod from age 50 ?r age 70 a capital of $40,000. to which should be added interest. That achieve from personal services is $10,000. No one would deny that he is an economic unit of importance. A conception of that value may be had by considering that the soundest non-taxable bonds which are owned today would need to be accumulated in the amount of $250000 to give a comparable income, t umputed as fax free bonds, at 4 per cent interest, the income on the quarter of a million of bonds would be $10,000, \\ ith what care we would lock in the safety box a group of bonds of such denomina tion! We would protect them from fire, and theft or other loss. On the other hand, a personal service income of >10.(>00 makes of the man a quarter of ,i million dollar asset as measured by his income of $10,000 for supposedly the period of his expectation of life, and that might be for forty years. Mich a matt is subject to the hazards of accidents of ment would assume no losses in his in vestment of these funds, but, as an off set, it likewise takes no account of hiincreasai ability from year to year u set aside more than a thousand dollars annually. Determined from either poin of view--that of the income basis or that of the savings basis--it must be admitted that a human being is ectnomicallv valuable. It is noteworthy that in countries which have developed racial strains of .treat length and enjoy the best in sani tation, pure fond and wholesome living, there is a much greater average length c>: life than in countries and races which have not thus developed and protected themselves. The span of life is not the same as the average length of life, hut t ertainiy the averages do reveal condi tions of great variation. For example, the average length of life in the United NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS States is about 58 years. In India, where there are nearly three times as many people as in the United States, the aver age length of life is probably not more than 24 years. A consideration of the averages only, would mean that an American, starting .it age 20, has an economic life ahead of him of SS years. On the other hand, a Hindu who would start his labors tit as early an age as 14, would have only ten years of eco nomic life. A computation based upon the span of life would not show such great variations but it would show at least important differences. The principal created as capital is very much greater with the American than with the Hindu, even if we considered all other factors as being equal--of course, they are not equal. The attitude which most of us have with reference to human values as com pared with property values may be illus trated by the incident of an automobile and its owner. Out on the highway, the owner takes his STOOD car. Even though he may be most careful and cautious, he is subject to the hazards which grow out of both reckless people and poor machinery. The crash comes and the automobile ami tin* man tire both destroyed. Suppose you should ask the assembled people who rush to the scene of the accident just what they thought the loss would be. Their reply would be almost unanimous in figures which represent only the value of the car. The owner of a car of that value could not afford to operate it on an in come of less than 210,000 yearly. We have, therefore, a development in the accident which shows a property loss of si ,000 and a human loss of 5250,000. The latter value is not absolute but it A the actual amount of loss for a period of time coincident with a man A ability to earn that much income attmtally from personal services. The workers in the cause of safety are entitled to continuing public thanks. They try to make safe londitions in the factory, in the home, on the highways and on the railroads, important results have been achieved. We must continue to think of the individual as having emo tional value. He may be a husband, a father or a -on. In those relationships there are tremendous sentimental \ allies. , Despite all of that, it is my opinion that j a larger support for safety work could be had, and larger personal respotisibili- ; ties for safety could be developed, if all I of u- would rei ngni/e `he economic loss that occurs when we maim or kill a hu man being. A PHIL. I';u >ni: nvi rniii'tw, HKiouKt'otcr. i'iivv i.Hifir'mri! ` Kindly s-mii mu a I in' -ample dc JUy`s Burnti-ttmjfjujn*. Company 1 Vrsi hi reijme.s f nifi. Address 49 50 BULLARD President Approves Code for Safety Equipment. Industry THE- code of fair competition for the industrial safety equipment industry, devised in cooperation with the NRA. has been signed by the President and became effective as of March 12. This action has been hailed generally as of particular advantage and significance to the industry'. The members of the industry feel that they have achieved a real accomplish ment in obtaining a separate code for so small an industry. It has not been cus tomary to allow industries of such small size to form a code, but rather to direct them to operate under codes of the larger industries already' formed. This would have been a real hardship, since the sell ing of safety equipment would have had to be conducted under a great variety of codes. Realizing this, leading members of the CYLINDRICAL industry early made application for the privilege of forming a separate code, and were advised to perfect an organiza FIRST AID KIT tion. Some 125 companies were invited to join in the establishment of such an INDUSTRY recognizes efficient first organization. The result was the Indus aid as the lowest-cost insurance trial Safety Equipment Association, against loss of man-power arid com with }. T. Ryan, Mine Safety Appli pensation costs. ances Co., chairman; T, A. Willson. Rut that first aid must be practical ... it must be used by the men on the job! The Bullard Cylindrical first Aid Kit is aluminum--waterproof and weather proof. It is attached to any convenient wall (or to a vehicle, if you wish). Then. by simply flipping the clip at Willson Products, Inc., vice-chairman; I. W. Millard, Industrial Cloves Corp. and Buell W. Nutt, The Safety Equip ment Service Co., executive committee: and A. <Carruthere. Safety Engineer ing, Secretary. The resulting Code is entitled. "Code of Fair Competition for the Industrial the bottom, a canvas roll-up is re Safety Equipment Industry and Indus leased, containing a full assortment of trial Safety Equipment Trade," The unit dressings and treatments. ('ode provides for a normal working day Any office listed below will gladly which shall not exceed eight hours and a show you this improved kit, or send normal working week not to exceed forty you a circular with complete data. hours, with certain exceptions. E. D. BULLARD COMPANY Kinhth Sln't'L San Francisco South olive street, |-os Angeles lt(20 \ alrep'si Avenue. Salt f.akc city Persons employed in accounting. 1 clerical, office service, or office sales hall not. be permitted to work more than 40 hours per week on a monthly \ Main Stria*!. Houston '!!i s, |*a\itt street, Chicago average, nor more than 48 hours in any one week. Those engaged in executive. Bullard products are distributed by | supervisory, or managerial capacities Safety KnM Snup.v Y-mipunv, Hrnriy Hlci.fr,, i tnot including production foremen) Pittsburgh W, S. '.Yiisou < ..|-|(OFrit|fii) 12.1 Varirk Stm-t, ,; and technical engineers, are also except S>\v Voik 1 ed; and also outside salesmen, nutch- W. K A H, s, Mars t *>iu|mtty. Street, Duluth mm West l irst | men (provided that, watchmen shall not S,u<*ty tlothma i-untiam, ".'UU Pa \ tic Ac-mie, i leval.-tnH Cl. H. !)orks*m t runparic, It) West Milwaukee Avenue. Stctnot Safely S-.`r\ ;<,->* i ..itujmity, '.ML* ISnc Street, Preen Bay, Wts, | work mure than 5o hours in any one i weeki. and firemen (provided that firei men shall not work more than 44 hours I in any one week). Outside service em- Direct Sales i ..mpnny. '''.* Washington Street. Braintree. Mass. j ployees may be worked a maximum of 48 hours in any one week. Also, those employed in emergency are exempted when restriction of hours might handi cap or impede rescue or recovery work or orders placed on account of disaster The minimum wage to any employee in the industry engaged in labor opera tions shall be 57 cents per hour for me:, and M cents tor women; minimum wages shall nor be reduced, except thu' learners may be paid not less than 8. per cent of the minimum rate, TCminimum wage for all other employee; shall he at the rate of $15 per week provided, however, that office boys , girls and learners may be paid not lee than 80 per cent of such minimum wage Also a person whose earning capacity limited because of age or physical <>; mental handicap may be employed .a light work at a wage not less than $ per cent of the minimum wage. FemaX employees performing the same work c; male employees shall receive the. satu rate of pay. Xo person under lo pears of ase shs. be employed in the industry or trace Xo person under 18 shall be employed v operations or occupations which ar~ hazardous or dangerous to health. [T Code also contains the usual provision upon organization and collective oa gaining by employees, and relative unions, which have become distinctivut all NRA Codes. The paragraph on Standards nf Safer and Health recites: 'Every employe' -halt provide for the safety and heal:; of his employees at the place and dur ing the hours of their employment Mandnrds for safety and health shall submitted by the < ude Authority to r Administration within six months after the effective date uf this t ode. The ('ude provides that the c,u..Authority -hall consist of not less tha:. five nor more than six members uf tTindustry. Five membere -hall lie ar; pointed by the executive committee, u the industrial Safety Equipment Associ ation, two of whom shall he members whose business is predominantly manu facturing rifely products, two -mv manufacture s.ueiy products and .use distribute such products to others, unc <>ne shall distribute the products ` others. Each trade or industrial assoc.ation participating in the selection or ac tivities of the Code Authority shall im pose no inequitable restrictions on mem- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 51 bership, and submit to the Administra tion true copies of its articles of associa tion, by-laws, regulations, and such other information as to membership, organiza tion and activities as the Administration may deem necessary'. Any member of the industry or trade is and shall be eligible for membership in the trade association of the industrial Safety Equipment industry and Trade and there shall be no inequitable re strictions on such membership: all mem bers of the industry or trade shall be en titled to participate and share in the l/etiefits of the activities of the Code Authority: and ail such members shall bear a reasonable share of the expenses of administering and enforcing the Code and of making amendments or additions thereto. Such reasonable share of the expenses shall be determined by the f `ode Authority. Of particular interest under Article VIII. "Trade Practice Rules." is Rule 14. on ``Quality Maintenance of Parts." It says: "\o member of the industry' or trade shall offer for sale or sell a part of any industrial safety equipment, ap proved by the Bureau of Mines, the Bureau of Standards, the American Medical Association, or the American Gas Association, or any other Bureau or Association approved by the Code Authority, with the tonsetit of the Ad ministrator, for substitution or for re placement of a piirt of such approved equipment except such be a part manu factured by the manufacturer of the original approved equipment, or such be a part of equal or superior merit ap proved for substitution or replacement by the original approving Bureau or Association." Buy Your Window Shades in Cans at XA c Per Square Foot! OLVE the expensive problem of eliminating S glare and heat from factory windows and sky lights thru the use of SKYGO NO-GLARE, rhe sky-blue liquid which when painted over glass filters the fierce rays of the sun--shutting out all of t lot of the heat, yet it admits 94% of the iight. The cost is only about 1Xc per square foot of glass covered. For ten years No-Glare has served many of our largest industries, saving them hundreds of thousands of dollars in expensive window shades. NoGlare has never been successfully imitated. If you have tried substitutes and been disappointed--try the genuine. If it does not live up to our claims you may return it at our expense. The action of No-Glare is simple. It filters out the infra-red sun rays-- that part or sunlight which produces heat but not light--and allows 94 G of the natural light to flow through with restful diffusion. Cut Accidents in Half in Six '1 ears MPLOVF.E accident Matisties in E the Philadelphia Electric Com pany. -how i `insistent reductions of a little more than A) per < etu over the last six years. While number of em ployees fell slowly from EXIT in 1W2X to o,nl4 in to,CC lost-time accidents de clined a- follows: PECs, l.Sdfi; i'Jjq, 1,307; !IQ, 1.-50,?: 1931. 054. l'JWC 720; -tin! PHy 747. Meantime num ber of days lost fell from 8,121 in 10,A to 1.2,56 in P'CC (inly two fatalities were suffered in 1022 and in 1V33. while the number was 12 in 1929. [luring the -ante six-year period aeci- i dents among the company automobiles, for which employees were responsible or ar least partly responsible, declined from CjIO in 192.H to 144 in 1042, i No-Glare is easy to apply either to the inside or outside of the glass and will stay on until removed with brush and warm water. Let this economical and effective product solve your problem. Use the coupon or write for a 1-gal lon trial can on a money-back basis. Try NO-GLARE at our Risk Write or Use Coupon The Sh'YBRYTE Co., 9 j 9 E. i9th St., Cleveland, Ohio, dentteiuen i i.nriosed find trial order of t-sallon ol MvYCU NlMiL.YKK at It i.s understood that ii' m- are not satisfied we can ship it hack collect ami our money will he refunded, Naim* ot Lnmpitnv........................................ . Address.............................................................................. .......... APRIL. 1934 Personals tk iirst 99+% EFFICIENT * healthguard * When sand blasting, a hood is worn over mask which can be removed for other operations. Air for breathing and ventilation comes from compressed air supply. Sand Blast Mask This new Cesco HEALTHGUARD SAND BLAST MASK has a laboratory safety rating of "99+% efficient" as a bar rier to dusts--regardless of density and length of exposure. Meaning............. that this mask is a man and money saver and that the wearer is breathing air having a dust count far lower than he normally breathes on a city street. It gives protection from harmful silica dusts and consequent troubles. Also, the wearer will find it comfortable, easy to remove and adjust, affording good vision and not interfering with his move ments. Weight--50 ounces complete. Have your men use this mask to insure protection from silica and other industrial dust hazards. Order on approval. Chicago Eye Shield Company 2323 Warren Blvd. Chicago, ill. Henry A. Parish, for several years assistant to the general manager of the Chicago & North Western Railway, has been promoted to the position of divi sion superintendent for the Iowa divi sion of the company, with headquarters at Boone, la. Mr. Parish has long been active in the work of the National Safety Council and the Safety Section of the American Railway Association and was elected first vice-chairman of the merged organizations for the current year. He was placed in charge of safety work for the North Western when the present safety organization was adopted in July, 1929. Charles H. Longman, formerly a supervisor of safety for the company, has been named to succeed Mr. Parish. He has been associated with safety work for several years and more recently has been trainmaster for the Wisconsin divi sion. Robert H. Fer guson, for the past live years safety engineer on the headquarters staff of the National Safety Council, has resigned to be come manager of accident preven tion tor the Re public Steel Cor poration at Youngstown, Ohio, Before coming to the National Safety ( ounci! staff Mr. Ferguson was with the Bureau of Safety, Inc., for five years as field representative and later us manager ns the claim department. Previously he was with the Illinois Steel Company at the Carv Works. SOLVATAR-- SOMETHING NEW FOR AN OLD NEED SOLVENT FOR HOT TAR AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS PROMPT APPLICATION MITIGATES SEVERE BURNS FROM HOT TAR A SAFETY MATERIAL OF FIRST IMPORTANCE ENGINEERING PRODUCTS CORPN., 39 Cortlant St., New York City James E. Jordan, superintendent of distribution for E! Paso Electric Com pany, El Paso. Tex., died February 21. He had been with the company fifteen years and under his direction exception al progress in accident prevention had been made in the Light and Power de partment. The department was looking forward to the completion of three years without a disabling injury on April 24. In 19A 1-.42 this department won first place in its group in the accident pre vention contest conducted by the Public Utilities Section of the National Safety Council. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Why Not Modernize Your Drinking Water System? i Continued from page 25 > STRAUSS served hut in large organizations the cost of even the cheapest folding cups is a serious objection. Another objection sometimes raised is the litter of paper cups around the tap. (.'ups, however, have certain undeniable advantages since they permit drinking in a more normal position. Practically no action has been taken by state health departments or depart ments of labor requiring that fountains be of the angle jet type but nineteen states have recommended the use of fountains of this type. Most manufacturers can furnish equipment with either type of nozzle and the demand for health protection must come from the purchaser. In most cases a nozzle of the approved type can be attached to the existing fixture in place of the old one with little or no other change and at a moderate cost. Many large and some medium-size plants now favor the use of a water sys tem which includes filtration and re frigeration. One of the conspicuous ad vantages of mechanical refrigeration is the control over temperature which is not possible with any other method. Et is now quite generally agreed that drink ing water below SO degrees is not desir able for either factory or office em ployees. For restaurants and hospitals it may be served at a temperature of 45 degrees because it is less likely to be drunk hastily and because the water may become warmer before it is drunk. Letting water run from the tap is the simplest method of cooling water but it may cost considerably more than the cost of the mechanical equipment (which has an intimated life of from 15 to J5 years) and. the cost of electric current. Perhaps the most t-ffident system of water cooling is the individual cooler ('attaining its own refrigerating unit. There b little thermal loss except that inherent in the (.ooier and compressor. Some buildings, however, may be better adapted to a circulating system with a central refrigerating unit, if such a ststem is installed, outlets are more likely to be placed at frequent inter vals since the tost of this type of foun tain is considerably less than that of the (idler with individual motor and com pressor. Such outlets have the ad ditional advantage of net upy-ing less space, whether of the wail or pedestal type, it is important to have all pipes well insulated to avoid heavy thermal losses. SAFETY BELTS For Every imlmHtM'iul Hazard No. M-OE---FLOATING TOOI HLLT. . . i i.impieteiv Dielectric . . . No Metal Contact with Hody . . . i Saddle Rest* the Hack . . . Hips Protected against Irritation of Hee* . , , Tools Hide Tree of Hotly . . . Tested NELA Hardware' No. J71-DE--S VFETY STRAP . . . Made of Rest tirade High Test Oak Har ness Leather . . . High Quality Workmanship . . . NLL.V Tested Snaps WHE.\ IX XEEIft OF SAFETY KELTS suit tire Strauss Vataioy THE STRAYSS COMPANY. P C. Sf braid mix;. . Pittsburgh, pa. HEi'io.stATv hvks \v\\Tt;i> 1 (rum n i.oupi.ktk Live m s u i r\ in i.rs DUPOR Itetf. I . s. Pat, Off. RUBBER RESPIRATOR Yamlorftibte, Double Capacity, Better Vision, Reversible amt Foldable. Highly eflteient in all Dusta. Paint Spray and the lighter Fumes and (aaes. Price per doz., $18.00 $1.50 t (ion receipt of $1.50 one will be for warded ns a sample. U has otilj to tie tried to be appreciated, Hitra felt pads, 4e each. H. S. COVER CHIPPEWA-A SOUTH BEND, IND. f Patents Applied For APRIL, 1934 DEPENDABLE PROTECTION Fifteen Centuries of Safety Jrank Knee Leggings Hip Leggings Spats Accepted, used and approved by hundreds of plants employing many thousands of workmen. Their approval is our best adver tisement and your guarantee of satisfaction. "SAFCO" Clothing "Everything from a finger cot to a complete asbestos suit and helmet." Carefully made from high quality materials, "Safco" Clothing will give you highest value for every dollar's worth purchased. FIFTEEN centuries without a disablins injury is the enviable record of a croup of 45 service veterans at the proximity to punch presses, drill presses. milling machines, screw machines, euil winding machines, planers, saws or any Western Electric Hawthorne plant in of the other machines making up a great Chicago, industrial plant. These men are not selected from the The group has an average of over .-A offices where the possibilities of an accf- years of service for each man. The dent are minimized by the lack of shop veteran of the outfit will round out his hazards but represent an actual cross- forty-third year in July, and two others section of manufacturing departments will soon complete their forty-first. The portraying the various operating hazards shortest individual service record in the found in all large plants. group is 33 years. Each one of them has spent all or a That the same safety consciousne-- is great part of his Western Electric life in reflected in the entire body of Haw- direct contact with some of these hazards thorne workers is evidenced by their re- and at a period when machinery hazards peated successes in recent interplant were greater than present day ton- ontests conducted bv the > 'hicago ditions. Nome of these men are dec- NUety found!. The frequency rate per tricians doing all kinds of electrical million hours exposure fluring 11 work, some are in the storerooms han- was 10.24 for the entire group of plants dling the great volume of supplies -ntered in the contest, while the rate for needed to keep the wheels moving, and the Western Electric Hawthorne Works others are operators or in constant was only 2.in. THE SAFETX CLOTHING CO. >1 tmuiaeturers 3804 Payne Ave., Cleveland, Ohio THE SAFETV i'UJTHIM. TO., 3`.Se0t4itiePmayeune? Ave., (. i**^ eland, Ohio I'lease semi information on "] Helmets f 1 Mittens i Milts ] Blankets Aprons SEepg/itgsrins;ft . , Welding Protcotion Name .... .. .. Title t nm;inn> . ... Address ( ity ,....................... . State ........... MAIL THIS COUPON ---- Barleycorn which have a habit of getting g.\nl re mits.- Factory Manuvcmcnt ami Main LDER personnel managers will not O have forgotten Blue .Monday with 't nmn c, rate, its greater absenteeism, attributed to John Bhaigrlheeyrcoarcnc,idenEt scaping Iras May king of Saturday nights. Endanger Airplanes There are those who say that prohi bition took away the low-priced hard drink, that once made the big Saturday AS A result of the findings of me Bureau of Standards, govern ment. engineers consider it, hazardous to nights predict that with repeal we may fly over oil fields, according to ,4 news expect a recurrence of Monday annoy release of the American Petroleum ances arid disasters. Institute. The tests, pioneered with The situation is one to watch, if it navy flying equipment, showed that turns out that Monday gives trouble, columns of natural gas mount mure there is a job to be done. Having proved than a. mile into the >kv above well? that forced abstinence will not work, we before they are dissipated. It was found may decide that there is something in that :i spark from the exhaust could the right kind of educational process. ignite :i column as much as a. mile high Perhaps the best thing to do is to turn with sufficient explosive force to wreck the job over to the safetv departments. an airplane. NATIONAT, SAFETY NEWS "Klein-Kord" 55 a new fabric for linemen's safety straps Here is the new material for linemen's safety straps. To the mail on the pole its many features possess the greatest inter est. It is a rubberized fabric which is stronger than leather and when tested as in use will take a load of 2400 lbs. before ripping at the tongue, it is extremely tough and contact with creosote, paint, acid or oil will not affect its strength. It is water proof, flexible, has low conduc tivity and a special construction permits the use of the regular tongue buckle. Linemen and those interested in safety of linemen should investigate the new' "Klein-Kord." A folder giving complete description will be sent on request. MANUFACTURERS OF TOOLS FOR ELECTRICIANS, LINEMEN AND MECHANICS "Klein-Kord" is tnade of four plus of heavy, closely woven tony fibre cotton laid in rubber uni vulcanized, producing a . 'foriq, flexible drop. HflsKLEINi &Sons 1200 BELMONT AVENUE, CHICAGO This Hy-Test Shoe saved 5 Toes .. withstood 3,000 lb. blow from steam hammer! Reai/ what this Safety Director says-- "HV arc returning a .shoe uinch suieii to. and an sm- phwc a five toe loss, ('he shoe was damaged as fob latv*. 7 he wearer was helping repair a Pottered doubline hammer m mu sheet null uhen the hammer r: v auLidenUtlh tripped, the hammer sirring ins foot with over s.000 lb, farce. Without the safety dinc protection he uuuld hove lost the toes but tin injury This incident is just one of the many remarkable safety records being made by Hy-Test Safety Shoes wherever danger lurks in industry.lt is this kind of performance that gives Hy-Test Safety Shoes the t-sdusive job of meeting the safety shoe require ments of so many leading industrial concerns. Safety directors find men who once try Hy-Test shoes remain sold on them-- because of Hy- Test's extra safety--genuine comfort -- mote reasonable price and longer service qualities. Hy-Test Safety Shoes are in-stock in a complete line of models including popular dress and semi dress shoes, it wilt prove most interesting and valuable for Safety Directors to write for full infor mation and sample shoes. HY-TEST SAFETY SHOES Designed and Manufactured Exclusively by INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS,MO. The World's Largest Shoe Manufacturer APRIL, 1934 ---------- send coupon for complete STORY------------------ International Shoe Company, Dept. HT-16, St. Louis, Mo. We ate interested in fenowmg more about your new design Hy-TEST Safety Shoes without obligation on our part. Safety Director's Name Purchasing Agent's Name Firm Name -.................... Address . ... YOU NEED The Safety AMPCO METAL Non-Sparking * TOOLS * Libra Ay rs MARY M. WELLS Librarian N.S.C. further information regarding publications listed here can for this Job be obtained from the Pfationul Safety Council Library BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Cooperage: Cooperage. Published by Retail Credit Co.. Atlanta, Ga., I'-'M. (Pamphlet) (Industry report I ment of Accident Prevention, Dallas, Texas Price 21c, (Pamphlet) (Accident Preventio: Manual No, V) PERIODICAL ARTICLES Fire Prevention and Protection: Key to state fire prevention laws and regula tions. Rev. to Dec. 1, ivll. Published bv Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide in automobiles. In Trava-.- ers Standard. March, ly,14, p. 41-12. National Fire Protection Association, <10 Batterymarch St., Boston, Mass., 1014, Prtce $l.U0. (Pamphlet) Molting, DeWayne E., fire prevention prac tices m New York State Municipalities. Pub lished by New York State Conference *.r Mayors and other Municipal Officials, Bureau of Training and Research. Albany, N. V., 1913, NLY non-sparking tools (Pamphlet) (Publication No, 27) O should be used in working around the manhole of Mines and Mining: Harrington, D. and Fene, W j., operating .oai mines without accidents. Published by tank cars handling flammtahbe lUe, S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D, C, 1014, Free. (Pamphlet) (I. CcY'oil liquids. It takes only a tiny spark Mine explosions and fires m the I."nited to cause a serious explosion where volatile gases and vapors are States during the fiscal year ended Tune 1u, 10si. Published bv the U. H, Bureau of Mine., Washington, D. C. ivi4. (Pamphlet) tf. C present. o \11 ) Oil Industry: Keep a kit of Ampco Metal non sparking tools handy for mainte Precautions for workers on construction .cm maintenance of refinery equipment. Pub!Ism. ,! hv the American Petroleum Institute. Depart Electricity: Conrad, A. G. and Haggard, H. W,, lixperi ments in fatal electric shock. In Electrics Engineering, March. 1014, p. '99-402, Industrial Health: Davis, Dr., N. ,V, Cardiovascular disease a:., industry. V: The heart in thyroid diseas; and VI: Effort syndrome. In Industrie,. Medicine. January, 1914, p. 14-16. Kelly. R, W-. Group medical service plans-resent developments an the Pacific YCasr, Industrial Medicine, January, 19i4. p. I 'd Marine Industry: Main, W, P.. Accidents from tails aboar: ships and on piers. In Marine Progress, M.irc.s |014 p. sf-Vs hi. Women In Industry: Mills. P_. G,, Two-shift employ-men: women-- a discussion of certain hvgtenic moral questions where the two shifts do r. over midnight v> morning. In Indus:.',.. Medicine, lanuarv, I.014, p. 25-30, nance and repair work for every job where fire and explosion haz ards exist. Chisels, scrapers, Stillson wrenches, pliers, forks, shovels, and special tools for every industrial need are available of non-sparking Ampco Metal. Write us for price list of Ampco Metal and Beryllium Copper non sparking safety tools. Sole Manufacturers AMPCO METAL, Inc. 3830 WEST BURNHAM ST. MILWAUKEE Honor Roll [Wails no-accident record* in rxee** of JTMUJOO man-hours. or 200 workin.fr days, are invited for tiiis department. Emsco Derrick & Equipment Co, The D &* H Pump ami Supply (Tmpanv !ivisit hi <? Fnisr.T Derrick' cv Equipment ( 'imp.mv. I ><Mttiii rn Los Angeles, until ~o .inpltuers, has .'peraft'd mulc May 14, ly.H, without ,1 disabling injury. The rt'tuui ton is "`OS m,in-bo:i-s. [Effective v.ifetv \v<>:k under Te -Tirctl:* " i m employee snft.tv com mittee is ..redited with these results. Hope Construction & Refining Co. Two divisions uf the Hope Construction A- Rehninv < ompanv, operatinc in Ohio and West \ MFI11IJ. haVe cumulated uaeiit -fte'. if-i.irds. The *ui division or the company a. h.ifi no lost-time accidents since September .md had roiled up, to January 1 of tr.. '.ear | vte man-hours. The gisohr -hvjstou has nut had a lost-time accident -.i,-.*.. June f v* a j, the record to January 1 ot th vear being sate man-hours. Oklahoma Power and Water Co. `-Hi February 1. 1rhe employees of Oklahoma Po\\r< and Water Company, S.i:.~ ipuncs. < )k*la.. had worked "oo davs withr disabling in tun*. The accident-free pen.. i-dr-s haLK t<> December 2, 19-4 1, and the iccu:_ totals (WVri man-hours, and is still unbroke' Raytheon Production Corp. hour years of npevafion without a disablin': injury were o-centiv completed bv the Ravtheu. Production Corporation, of Newton, Mas manufacturers of radio tubes. During rhitime an average of *>20 employees worked total of 4,163,374 man-hours. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 57 Cost Little to Install in Old or New Building Only three plumbing connections are needed for Bradlev Washfountains and Showers. 3, 6 or 10 Wask at One Fountain Use no more water than one person, at a faucet. 3 or 5 Men in Shower Unit The group idea again saves water and space. if * V Lifetime Drinking Fountains and Street Showers complete the Bradley Line. PROPER WASHING AND BATHING PREVENT DERMATOSES* *ISkin Affections) Dr. W. R. Redden, of the American Red Cross, in a recent issue of National Safety News says Dermatoses head the list of industrial diseases and, in many cases, the best preventive is proper washing and bathing. He also cites Dr. A. S. Gray to the same effect. Bradley Group Washfountains and Group Shower units provide the sanitary wash fixtures favored by hundreds of thousands of factory employees. Water saving, 70%. Their installation is a very obvious improvement in anv plant. Let us mail you Pamphlet B66. BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN CO., 2237 W. Michigan St., Milwaukee, WTs. IB IRA ID ILIEY WASHFOUNTAINS and SHOWERS BRING YOUR GUARD PROBLEMS TO US 4.U VRD material Is our business.. Our plan is so 'impiified any handy man on the joh ran ereet your guards with flie standardized p arts h e furnish. They're better and eost less. Write us today for a ropy of "Machine and Belt Guards." The Harrington & King Perforating Co. 114 LIBERTY ST.. NEW YORK i.nir, FILLMORE ST.. CHICAGO, U. S. A. APRIL. 1934 58 The Honor Roll (Continued from page 56,1 Texas Electric Service Co. The Wichita Falls transmission division of the Texas Electric Service Company has rolled up a record of live years without a lost-time accident. During this period the employees worked a total of 253,489 man-hours. Recently a bronze plaque was presented to the division in recognition of their achievement. Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. The following list of plants and labora tories, units of the Union Carbides and Carbon Corporation, have continuous safety records totaling either at least twelve months or a minimum of 1,500.000 man-hours without a disabling injury. Records shown below as ending December 51, 153, were still un broken on February ' and labor hours indi cated are as of that date. The date given is that of the beginning of the record. National Carbon Co., Inc., Pott Richmond, Philadelphia; 10 employees, 126,276 man hours, (June 13, 1929). National Carbon Co., Inc., Fremont, O,; 291 employees, 1,609,800 labor hours. (November 1, 1910). National Carbon Co., Inc., research labora tories, Edgewater, Cleveland, O.; 45 employees, 1,105,330 labor hours. (May 24, 1927). National Carbon Co., Inc., Division "L", Long Island City', N. Y.; 17 employees, 2S`>,478 labor hours. (May 1, 1928). National Carbon Co., Inc., factory "A", Cleveland, O.; 1.29 employee.,, 673,609 labor hours. (July 5, 1931). National Carbon G>,, [nc., warehouse, Jersey City, N. !; 31 employees, 560,414 labor hours. (December 5, 1928). National Carbon Co., Inc., warehouse, San Francisco; 19 employees, 48,655 labor hours. (August 2o, 1932). National Carbon Cu., Inc., new products division, Cleveland, O.; 14 employees, 28,540 labor hours. (January 1, 1933). National Carbon Eveready--S. A., Monterey, N. L-. Mexico; 21 employees, 85,187 iaboi hours. (September 3, 1951). Canadian National Carbon Co., Ltd., To ronto, Ontario, Canada; 187 employees. 5()3,451 labor hours. (November 13, 1931). The Linde Air Products Co., Chicago; 31: employees, 4,1059,101 labor hours, (April -1929). Union Carbide Co., general otiices, Nt-> York City; IjOO employees, 2,118,657 labcw hours. (January 1, 1933). Union Carbide Co., Mult Ste. Mane, Mich. 2ol employees, 1,348,929 labor hours. (Apr:. 6, 1931). Hlectio Metallurgical Co., Alloy, W. Vu. 22 employees, 615,299 labor hours, t Februar 20, 1932). What Are YOU Electro Metallurgical Co., Holcomb Roc.<. Va.; 22 employees. 5.8,604 labor hours (August 4, 1927). Doing Aboxxt The Electro Metallurgical Co. of Canada, Ltd. Welland, Ontario, Canada; 252 employee,- Hazard Gi'-* 69,V.'4U iaboi hours. (October j, 1532). New Kanawha Power Co., Glen Feuis, N Va.; 3" employees, 1,41,680 labor hours (November 1, 1952). West Vitgmia Hydro-Electric Co ; lu t;.. ployees, 60,024 labor hours. (November 2 19.41). SLIPPERY SOLES? Kernel Laboratories Co.. Inc., Cleveland, O 19 employees, "4,.>02 labor hours. (Februa: 17, 1932). 1 Ixwld Railroad Service Co., repair she: I Chicago: 40 employees, 451.44(1 labor hour Workmen are human. Any day, any minute, even the most careful man may slip. The (Ncnrmhei 8. 1928). iivweld Accvtlene ("n,, (Purox factory I. L Angeles; 22 employees, ho,488 labor non.- result, perhaps. -- broken bones, strains, sprains, hernia. It's your responsibility to take every precaution for keeping him on his feet. ( November 20, 1951). >xv-eld Acetylene C",, warehouse. Chirac" >i> employees. 42 ', 4 4) labor hours. (< lotohe I*. [429), The- Prest-O-Ute Co., Inc.. IndianapoL- More and more oafery engineers are taking the stand that the most dependable protec tion from falls due to slipping is non-slip soles and heels. For this purpose Raw Cords have no equal. Upright cords, solidly em bedded in live rubber, provide safe footing. Even as sole wears, bare cord ends grip walking surface. In.L; 2 56 employees, 1,012.3"'. labor hour (December 29, 1951), Michigan Northern Power Co., Sauit 2:. Marie, Mich.: >u employees, 845,871 lab-.: hours, (December 22. 1926). Amciican Carbolite Co., Duluth, limn.; .. employees. ''94,089 labor hours. 1 Vptewro 2 5. 1928). Havnes Mellite Cu., Kokomo, hid.; : Write for samples and information. Attach Gro-Cords or Raw Cords to present shoes or specify them on all safety footwear. employees. 2,"20,489 labor hours. (Octobc 2t, ly26). Union Carbide ana Carbon Research Cabs Inc., Long island City, N. V.; 8t> employee 196.48 5 labor hours. (August 29, 19.31 I. The Lima Cord Sole Si Heel Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp Hustings, W. Va.; 4" employees, 151,2' Company Dept. 4-F Lima, Ohio 00 OU* PART Polly Protfttfad by Patents, Any infrlnflement* will be proteeuted. labor iiours. (.October 12, 1932). < -urbide and < ubon Chemicals Corp Diamond. W Va.: 4l employees, r"N' labor hours. (December 2", h-isi). Dominion Alines ,tnd l.lnarries. Ltd., Lit:.. Cm rent. <>nt.; 7 employees. Iiours. i September 2, io;>o). 4c>2 :ab- Non~Slip SOLES and HEELS Gro-Cords are widely used in Dairies, Iron and v trei Foundries, Railroad Shops, Auto Factories, Gas and Electric Plants, Ice and Fuel Stations, `stone Quarries, Mines. Universal Gypsum Co. On February I " the Universal Gypsum .7 Lime Company. Akron. _\. V., completed 1,64" calendar days without a lost-time accident, the total exposure being "6 5 "Jo man-nours, IN., company is entered in the safety mutes, poiisored hv the A-.-,,.< iuieii Industries .,f I York .Matt, inc. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 Evanston Again Leads in Traffic Safety (Continued from page 14) remarkable by the heavy traffic between Chicago and the north shore suburbs and the greatly augmented travel because of A Century of Progress. While it will be impossible for some weeks to tell accurately how the con test cities stood in comparison with the nation as a whole, it is interesting to note that a majority of the contestants reduced their motor vehicle death rates in 1933 despite a slight increase for the entire country. All of the group winners had sizeable reductions. Because of the unusual popularity of this type of competition and its remark able success in starting scores of cities toward a successful solution of their traffic problem, the National Traffic Safety < ontest has become an annual affair. Results of the first two contests have proved definitely that the spur of competition actually means a saving of life. The third contest which will run throughout the present year, is now under way. Evidence of its popularity is seen in the fact that the total enroll ment this year is .SO per cent greater than in 19.33. Competition has been stimulated areatly during the present contest by adding to it a contest between states. Details of the methods by which the victorious cities in the 1933 contest won their honors will be made available in other publications of the National Safety Council. At the time of going to press arrangements had been made for a coast to coast broadcast at 2:00 p,m,, Eastern Standard time, honoring these cities which had made the greatest, progress in preventing traffic accidents during CCC Set retary of < ommerce Daniel Roper and Floyd Cibbnns had accepted invi tations to speak on this program. tive and powerful explosive. Sometimes a cap will explode when carried in a pocket and bumped. Children throw them in bonfires, strike them with a hammer nr rock, hold lighted matches under them, attempt to pick out the fulminate of mercury with a pin, nail or some instrument. Stamping caps with the feet or "shooting" them against a wall with a sling shot are among the many ways caps are detonated, with disastrous results to the offender. Many children are now facing the future with impaired eyesight. Some have been totally blinded. Fingers and even hands have been blown off, and many faces and bodies have been severe ly lacerated and disfigured. Records show that some children have been killed or have died as a result of their injuries. Blasting caps are left by careless grown-ups in barns, under porches, on cupboard shelves, and in fields and along highways following blasting operations. Childish curiosity results in severe handi caps to the youngsters who find them. Protects against industrial skin diseases Occupational skin diseases caused by contact with irritating materials need no longer be a hazard to industrial workers. OeViibisB l'ro-T<-k. in keeping harmful materials out of the skin, prevents infections which result from the continued handling of many materials used in industry. DeV'iihiss Pro-Tek aids medical treatment of stubborn, long standing skin eruptions caused by working with poisonous materials. Pro-Tek guards the skin from the action of irritating materials during the treatment and progress of recovery. The patient may continue to work with the same materials which eaused the infection without danger of re-infection. Transfer of the worker to some other operation is not required, saving the management this frequent and costiv necessity. When measured by the losses it prevents in many industrial occupations. DeViibiss Pro-Tek is wortii mailt times its cost. In plants or operations where industrial dermatitis is considered a necessary evil, a trial of Pro-Tek will soon demonstrate its value. IleVilbiss Pro-Tek is available in convenient tubes or cans for personal uve. and in one gallon and five gallon containers for industrial distribution. Sold by drug* paint, hardware, automotive, railway and mill supply houses, or may be obtained direct from The DeViibiss Company. Toledo, Ohio. Keep Blasting Laps Away from <Children IT f' necessary at this time of the year to -.tress again the importance of keeping blasting caps away from children, and or educating young people in the dangers of Wasting caps as toys. Hundreds of children are injured an nually from detonating these small copper i-ylinriers. which are about a Before starting work, Pro-Tek is ruhhed thor oughly into the hands. It disappears, lcn\ing no greasy nr sticky feeling. quarter cf an im h in diameter and an inch or two long, and which are loaded with fulminate of mercury, a very sensi APRIL. 1934 Forms a protective lilm ttiiich keeps harmful materials out of the skin, thus pre\ eating disease. Harmful solvents or abrasives not needed to clean dirty hands. ProTek and adhering ma terial wash oil' in water. M'l.jyj Westinghouse Workers Win Award RAIL CLAMPS PROVIDE SAFE CONDITIONS Eliminates the dangerous practice of placing blocks of wood under the car wheel for bracing. Recommended as the surest and safest possible stop for use on run ways in repairing a crane, on load ing platforms, temporary sidings, car stops, on air ferries, under tipples, and for cars on grades. Rigidly constructed of open hearth annealed cast steel, tool steel key. Made to fit any rail from 40 to 110 pounds. Easily and quickly removed. Guaranteed against breakage. Used and recommended by lead ing steel companies, manufacturing plants, mines, grain elevators, ce ment plants, and quarries. FROM April 18, 1931, to December S. 1933, the Wire Products Division of Westinghouse Lamp Company Bloomfield. N. J., operated without a disabling injury. The division has a payroll of approximately 400 workers and the exposure during this period was 1,366,455 man-hours. This record is the best yet made by the Wire Products Division and one of the best at t;a Bloomfield plant. at In recognition of this achievement th* division was presented with a certifiesv of merit by the Newark Safety Count;. In the above illustration John Russel jr.. (right). (hairman of the Council Industrial Committee, is presenting th certificate to W. B, Gero, superintendev. of the Wire Products Division. Atvle A~ s' 15.00 Each, Our Engineering Department will design clamps to meet special track conditions. Let us have your oper ating; problem ana we will make recommendations. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY tifident Preventinn Equipment 800 W. Somerset St. Philadelphia, Pa. Westdox Makes History t ( ontinued tram page cp ! ally well planned and laid out trom the standpoint of avoiding accident hazards. The buildings are of fire-resistant con struction and all manufacturing depart ments are on the ground tloor, thereby eliminating much of the hazard associ ated with stairways, since .1 large pro portion of female help cannot he induced by moral suasion to wear low heeled shoes, this -mfeiy feature is "f real im portance. 'aw tnmh roof construction provides an abundance of glareless light on the work benches and machines. The main aisles are of ample width for the opera tion of electric trucks. Personal and plant cleanliness have been encouraged in every possible way. Washrooms ..ml locker moms are main tained on a scale comparable to a inunfry club, -'[towers are provided and their use is encouraged, although most of the plant operations are quite ' lean. In addition to the main washrooms, which are used at noun and at quitting time. washbowls have been provided in etc ' department. The electric driers whic. have been provided avoid the litter paper towels or the loss of time for th* employee going to his locker tor the w dividual towel which is used at quittii:. time. No effort has been spared to prove' lean surroundings. Window? doors an skylights and walls are cleaned on a rear.: Sar schedule. Vacuum > leaner? venue, dust from the steel beams and automat.' scrubbing machine? keep the tloor? mu cleaner than hand labor lould do Even in the automatic screw machine mpartmeru, no accumulations "t old will be found on the tloor. Keeping order throughout the plan i? the responsibility of each department There must he no obstruction of aisle; In short, the safety program has hew characterized by conscientious .ittentio: to the inconspicuous details of instruc tion. housekeeping, inspection and guard ing. There have been some minor refine ments during the past ten years but ru radical changes. We.stclox was on the right track many years ago. .safety wor.-. has gathered momentum year after year NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 61 Even during the past few months when several hundred new employees have been added to the payroll the foremen have been able to keep the situation in hand and the no-accident pace has been maintained. Employees new and old seem to have caught the spirit, and their attitude is "1 don't want to be the one to spill the beans." When the second no-accident year was completed the company thought some recognition for the employees efforts was m:iwj Antiseptic Applicators are Mighty Convenient These pocket-size applicators take the cake for convenience. They are filled with your choice of most any due. A program with entertainment and prominent speakers was considered, but it was felt that each employee should be allowed to spend the time enjoying him self as he saw fit. So all other plans were discarded in favor of a half holiday with full pay. On Friday January 12 at noon the factory whistle blew intermittently for ten minutes, felling the adjoining cities of LaSalle and I'eru of the Westdox uiebration. standard antiseptic solution; they are shock-proof and they feed direct to the wound from a patent ed glass tip. This tip is a great economizer, since it does away with the usual cotton swab which soaks up and wastes the solution. When not in use, an airtight closure pre- nts evaporation. One Saf-T-Top mav be used over 100 times. firk-Talk, an interesting letter publi cation which has been an influential force in the plant's daily life for twenty years and an active ally of safety, cele brated the event with a special safety issue, giving details of the famous record, credit to those concerned, and messages of congratulation from Arnold J. Wil son, general manager of the plant; .Mayor Charles Toellen, of Peru (him self a Westclorkeri: Dr. H. M, Orr, mayor of LaSalle; and \V. H. Cameron, managing director uf i he National Safety Council. FREE SAMPLE to officials interested in safety. 150 Anderson Avenue - Rochester, N.Y. SAVE '['here are thirty years of work be hind those two years without an acci dent.' <;aid a plant official who. with the modesty typical of the organization, desired to remain anonymous. ` A safety < onsciousness i an t lie built up over night, but it is a wonderful aid to morale. Now we must be on uur guard to keep from taking stteiv for granted." THE SAFE WAY XTEVKR SITE Safety i'tamps for MONEY TIME STOP Pennsylvania Insists Upon Safe Grandstands pectators at many football S games in Pennsylvania during ITU will view them from new or reinforced grandstands. Following the promulga tion of safety regulations for grand stands bv the State industrial Board in August, 19IT numerous inspections were made. As a result, many stands were condemned and others were ordered strengthened. Lack of inspectors made it impossible for the department to check on all grandstands, and the cooperation of school authorities in this inspection has been enlisted. ' use in handling' boiler plate either wrtieal or horizontal consti tute the site ure wav to perform thi- operation, They have many ad vantages over old-fashioned hook? and chains because thev do not have a tendenrv to -lip, as the weight oi tin- pice pulls the clamp tighter. Boiler plates are easily damageddon't tolerate damps that encourage bent, i hipped work. The sate wav is the onh profitable wa\, Write for complete details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. O. Box 44B Grand Central Annex, New York Citv ACCIDENTS BY USING THE TALCOTT SAFETY BELT FASTENERS CAN BE USED OVER AND OVER AGAIN Send for Free Samples W.O. SC M.W. TALCOTT, Inc. 92 Sabin Street PROVIDENCE - R. I. APRIL. 1934 1 62 Nothing Better In Handling Pigs Than Sankey Foot GUARDS Read what this company has to say about Sankey Foot Guards: *"Prior to our procuring these foot guards we had five or six accidents a ireek. costing us -'.'tu to SlOch caused hy a piece of pig iron dropping on the metis toes. We tried your foot guards and they worked successfullyt IFe will not permit a man to work in the. hold of a ship on this class of cargo without these guards. / hey have rednreil our risk on this class of work 'J`> per cent." Sankey Foot Guards are equally effec tive on all other work where the feet are in danger. They are made of light steel or aluminum alloy, are light in weight and fit loosely over the shoe so that the floor or ground takes the blow of impact in case of falling material. Don't pay for needless injuries. Investigate the Sankey Guard. ELLWOOD Safety Appliance Company Ellwood City, Pa. t\'`iint` of ('omintnij furnished <'fqupst. Accident Prevention in the Recovery Program ((lontinued from page rj) as a person? What evidence does the company give that will lessen his anxiety about security of tenure at the job? My point is that in the days to come we have got to supplement jub training with morale training if we are to meet this problem of the worker's total mental attitude at work. This is definitely one of the almost unexplored territories that invite tu constructive and beneficial ex periment which will bear fruit indirectly in accident reduction. My third point is already a common place among safety workers. Yet we must continue to emphasize the truth that the foreman who has constant super visory relations with workers has a large responsibility for inculcating and pre serving safety practices and habits, A personnel manager wrote me only recent ly about the increase in accidents in his company and said. "I believe firmly this is because someone is not out there among them regularly watching for careless practices and keeping them ever alive to the fact that the really worth while safety device is in a man's brain, rather than on his machine." While we explore new territory let us not forget that the foreman is and will continue to he the major contact man with the individual worker. And no staff safety engineer can take his place. in the fourth place, 1 believe we have made real progress in emphasizing the truth that there are individual workers who for a variety of reasons are more prone to accidents than many of their fellows. This fact has been established beyond any question by constructive work on the Boston Klevated Railwav. the tleveland street Railways, in certain bus and taxi companies, in a varietv of industrial plants and among individual automobile drivers. Dr. < harles S, Slornmhr in the Janu ary. io34, issue of the Personnel S> rvirr Bulletin tells us of his recent study in a plant of (),f)UU men. for a period ot a year, Mine hundred men with thronic acci dent records were found responsible for of) per cent of the minor accidents and of the lost-time accidents. Of these. 4k men had 2 79 minor .u.cidents md Jo lost-time accidents. In fart, their acci dent frequency was fifteen times the average. --whirh meant that one per lent of the workers was responsible for 10 per cent of the accidents. In this plant the records of 6?5 men were intensively studied. Four hundred and forty had the relatively safe average of 2.10 accidents apiece. There wer 18.5 unsafe men who averaged nine ant one-half accidents each which require over four visits to the dispensary; an meanwhile there were 3,600 workers wh had no accident record. If this were an isolated instance might have far less meaning for indm try. But the fact seems establishe beyond question that there are in ever organization a minority of identifiabl workers who are accident addicts. Fortunately experience has show that in most cases corrective measure can be introduced that go a long ws toward eliminating such accidents. Get erally speaking, the program has to t erne of a careful study of records 1 Identify the accident addicts: a care!' study of case histories to diagnose re causes; and individual reeducation work in the light of the causes . covered. My own opinion is that this is pro ably one of the most fruitful lines new attack upon the accident profile: which has been called to the attention industrial managers in the last decade. The conclusions which I reach as the wise attack upon the accident pro-, fem today are therefore, as follows: In the first place, it is unwise to sep ate safety work from other phases industrial relations work. If it thought of in too narrow and romp:., mentalized a way, the best results canm be secured. Safety mindedness in pervade every relationship of eompa:. and employees. In the second place, we must inrre . inglv see to it that the work of ireinterviewing. of physical examination training, of morale building, are carefully devised in order to take account of the safety factors in process. And the discovery nr a, i Airaddicts beiomes a vital mandate safety workers. Finally, when all managerial technical responsibilities h w assumed hy superintendents foren> and safety engineers up to the limit their ability, we still have to realize .. responsible rule which the rtnnloy'themselves piav. Indeed unnlrc organization - whether in ,ompar union or in labor union--is inevital going to play a more important pari industrial relations work in the next ;e years. And it is of the utmost impo. inre as employee organization beconir Wronger and takes its respunribili''. more seriously that the safety profile should be brought before them a< . integral part of their program of ere structive thinking. NATIONAL SAFETY NFW 63 lOTmmOTwnmmmmacis! Look For The DIAMOND C#mimg Events Of Interest to Safety Men > Patent N.is. ami 1,946,334) CX\IAMOND Disc Respirators are uni- LJ versally popular because they are handy, efficient, and comfortable. Men will wear them because of these features. A large filtering area is provided in the Diamond Disc pocket arrangement where sponge is inserted for filtration purposes. Valve action produced by pressure at ex halation makes respiration easy. Leading industrial plants used the Diamond Disc. Manufactured by The Hygeia Respirator Co. 308 Hast 94th St. New York City Sold by Alt Safety Supyty Houses PREVENT SLIPPING ACCIDENTS on Stairs and Other Walkways Ferahin * Rronzalun * Alumatun IVicalun Abrasive Metal Treads Are Fireproof For New and Worn Steps Durability Proven in Severest Service Originators and Developers for 22 Years Illustrated Leaflets and Sample* on Request American Abrasive Metals Co. Irvington, New Jersey APRIL, 1934 Apr. 19, Pittsburgh, Pa. Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, An nual .Safety Engineering Conference. G, K. Clarkson, manager, 2409 First National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Apr. 26-27, Toronto, Ont. Industrial Accident Prevention Associations, Annual f onvention. General manager, R. B. Morley. 600 Bay Street, Toronto 2, Canada. Apr. 30-Mav 1, Boston, Mass. New England Safety Conference. Lewis B. MacBtayne, manager, Massachusetts Safety Conference, 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass, May 9-10, Chicago Twelfth Annual Midwest Safety Conference, George G. Travel', manager, Chicago Safety Council. 6 Beacon Street. Boston, Mass. May 9-11, London, England National "Safety First' Association, annual Congress. General werotarv, Lt. Cot. ]. A. A, Pickard. 5- Grosvrnor Gardens. London. S. W. 1, England. May 14-18. Atlantic City, N. J. Annual Meeting, National Fire Protection Association. Franklin H. Wentworth, man aging director, N.F.P.A.. 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. May 17-18, Los Angeles, Calif. All California Accident Prevention Con ference. General chairman. E. B. Letferts, Automobile Club of Southern Calfiornla, Los Angeles, Calif. May 18, Tulsa, Okla, International Petroleum f xpositiun, 'sifety Day. May 24, Beaver Dam, Wis. Seventh Annual Hock River Safety Confer ence, Gciieiul chairman. H. C Bunow Malle able Iron Range C,irnpam\ Bt-avei Liam. TV. June 4-7, Atlantic City, N. J. Edison Electric Institute, Annual Convention, 31. B, Woods, acting secitUrv, -Co Lexington Are,, New 'Pork t. itv. June IS, Rhinelander. Wis. Fifth Wisconsin Valiev Gtetv Conference, j General chairman. G_ H. Subs. Rhinelander Paper ( omp.mv Rhinelander, Wis, Sept. 3-6, Pasadena, Calif. American Public Health Association. Sixtythird Annual Medina. Executive secretary. Dr. Kendall Emerson -Tin seventh Ave . New York Citv. Sept. 24-28, Cleveland, O, American Transit Aviui'iahou. Annual < ori- vrution. General seaetarv. Guy l Hccker, Madison Ave >,v York City. j Oct. 1-5, Cleveland. O. j .W noNAi. Sai-ftv tea'NYU. Twenty-third Annual Aaterv Cungrcsj. Managing director, | VV H. t-aineion, .'a 1 Ce'Fth W esei' Dew, j 1 hic.Lgo Oct. 29-Nov. 2, Atlantic City, N. j, .American Gas Association, \i\rcenth Annual t onvention. Alevanuer Forward, managing director, 430 Lexington Ave., New York Citv. THE old gives uav to the new! Hone is the dav of soda and acid (ire extinguishers that must be re charged everv year! (Lone too, is the yearly expense of keeping them in operating condition! The new Kidde extinguisher, labeled by the Underwriters' Lab oratories and the Factory Mutual Laboratories,does not require annual refillinsr. It is good until used ... it contains no acid or damaging chem icals ... it has all the effectiveness of soda and acid extinguishers . . . vet it. costs no more. Beinre sum buy r-xfinrtiishei>. be Hirt* fa ime-tiirate tin* new Kidde unit, it gives bet ter protection than s*'ia anti acid extinguish er* at no higher initial price. \nd it saves up to a did lara sen r. as well as untold trouble, In maiutenanee, Write to Walter Kidde N t .otnpanv, fne West Street. Bloom field, N, J., for de*eriptive literature NO ANNUAL RECHARGING SAVES50t TO sioo A YEAR ON MAINTENANCE COSTS NO MORE KIDDE PURE WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER 64 SAFE* HELMETS ^'FOREMAN says to BILL By W. W. WILLIAMS Assistant to President, Employers' lie-insurance Corporation THE Pangborn "DD-1" Air Fed Rubber Blast Helmet is a REAL SAFETY in vestment. |[ It is fully approved by State Industrial Commissions and leading In surance Companies, ft Air Washer and Filter attachment insure comfort to op erator. || Extra large vision window in sures quality production in Blast Clean ingWrite for free Bulletin No. 593 PANGBORN CORPORATION HAGERSTOWN -................. MARYLAND ImenYourlnsummeltaks Justrite Safety Can Size*--! pint to 5 xallon* Prevent Fire and Explosion How riFout YOU?--Your plant?- Y^nr nmplovees? Are you taking the fullest safety precautions against fires,explosions, acci dents and other danger risks? Are vou using modem, convenient, efficient and approved safety appliances to store your waste, gaso line, benzine, kerosene, turpentine, naphtha, alcohol and other hazardous explosives and volatile liquids/ f'iav sufe--follow the e>,ample of thousands of cautious plant exrcu rtvcs--install the latest, improved JUSTRITE Safety Appliances TODAY. Insurance Companies Gladly Lower Rate Premiums to plants who install {proved, up-to-date safety appliances, JUSTRITE Safety Appliance* are inspected and labeled bv the Underwriters, Inc,, and the Associated Factories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, Protect vouf plane --your employees-- install the latest improved JUSTRITE Safety Devices TODAY. See your dealers or write us ior interesting prices and literature. ,, Tustrite. justrite Mfg. Co 0*7 Southport Avenue CHICAGO, ILLINOIS J ILL. 1 just saw Big Mike leadin: B you by the ear over to the bulletii board, just good natured kidding. wanted you to see that poster. "It take: an accident to teach some people safety. H- Well. Mike's a good head. He take, his safety seriously, but he sure got . laugh out of that. Mike's got a big fol lowing and if he's for you. the gam wiii all kick in. I'd rather have then with me than the board of directors, Shoulder lame? Oh, Mike's slap the Iiack was just a love pat. We \ won them over. You're making goo: For a time the boys didn't seem to ap prove of either of us. They drew circle that just about shut us out. Hu we drew a circle that took them in. Well, I've learned something. M mistake was too much wishing the" would come across and not enough ittir in trying to get them to do it. Also. 1 been a little short on patience. It taktime to get a new idea across. The reason for <mr good record because the Old Man believes in safe:He really wants it, and when safe:; conies from the boss it gets somewhere You see. Bill, the Old Man was my torman when I came to work here. , tried to keep me out of trouble helped me when I got in trouble. He wouldn't stand for "good enough methods. Said men were creatures habir and we might as well learn to things right automatically. He dirir drive: he led. The urge to do right ca:. from inside somewhere, and his "dnnt never made you sore. He built men a:; they built the job. I've tried hard to f. his shoes, but- - There he is now. See you later-- seems rn have something on his mind. Well, Bill, the Old Man wants you : the office. Xo. i guess you haven broken your pick. He wont bite \iKinda rough sometimes, but he's fa.: Bill. Maybe it's about the safety situ:, tion around here. He heard all abo\: your wanting to <juit. how you snick out and how you have been perform!;:, lately. Good luck. Bill, see me whe you come out. NATIONAL SAFETY YEW 65 Shall We Stop These Eye Losses't i t mtiiuird from ptivr jj 1 mug die eye protection campaign. Too often a casual reading of its recommen dations may have led men to shade these recommendations in one group or an other, On the contrary, the (ode is not meant to 'he taken literally, but should be expanded and amplified to meet every possible eye hazard in the indi vidual plant. F.yr injuries may be caused in so many different ways that it is almost im possible to sav with confidence when guggles may be discarded. A valuable insight into the more hazardous indus tries may be had by noting the record of eyes saved, as reported in that survey made by the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness and the Na tional v'.Ht'ety Council. (See the (onipanying table.) In steel and other metal trades. 2.MH eyes were saved among tQu.x/T employees in two years; in miscellaneous manufacturing, 511 eyes were saved among 83,864 em ployees etc. From The Pullman Com pany shops, in those lax days before their mandatory goggle rule became effective, they report that 42 per cent of the eve injuries were caused by hand tools. A) per cent bv machinery, 11 per cent had miscellaneous causes, (> per cent arose from handling materials, and X per cent from explosions, tire and fire flashes. It is plain, therefore, that the selec tion of proper and adequate protective equipment is of equal importance with any plan devised to make use of it Xu one tvpe of goggles, or other eye pro to non, can be used for all kinds of work, (higgles that are perfectly satisfactory for a machinist may not lie at all ade quate fur a foundry worker, and vice versa. -`onie have stronger lenses than others, some have side shields to meet particular hazards and others do not. Mime have ear loops while others have adjustable head bands, etc. ft has been pointed nut that there are more than one hundred different types of goggles and other eye protective equipment (n choose from, and they cover every known eve hazard. The National Safety ('mined. some time ago. -em a questionnaire to one hundred representative industrial plants, asking, among other questions: "How do you determine the correct goggle type for a particular operation?'' It is significant that only thirty replies were received to this question. Fifteen companies replied that goggles were selected according to a scientific job study. Types of goggles were then standardized for certain hazards; the result being a goggle giving the maxi mum amount of protection with the maximum t import. Seven other com panies reported that they depend largely upon the recommendations of goggle manufacturers, supported in many in stances by a special .goggle survey in their plant departments. Eight other companies stated that goggles are chosen largely by the trial and error method. Not even a c usual student of eye pro tection problems can fail to be impressed with the advantages of the first two methods. A careful plant survey (by any competent safety engineer) to determine every possible cause of an eye injury; a scientific job analysis to fit every individual worker with the maxi mum eye protection; the benefit of ex pert advice and cooperation from the makers of protective devices. This cooperation by the equipment manufacturers has been carried to a very high point, recently including the publication of detailed suggestions for the individual industry or company with illustrated examples of the best equip ment available. Finally, all industry has available the standard Safe Practices Pamphlets of the National Safety Council and its many other publications, giving both the experience of the leading plants of the country in stopping eye losses, and expert counsel upon the organization of campaigns to prevent all eye injuries. Operate Long; Period Without a Fatality OX aFAR(TI 1, iou, the (`omntonwealth Edison Company, Chicago. nipleted three year- .mil eight months without. :m employee fatality. The av erage number of employees for the period was *>.5*54 and the exposure totaled 76.404,(1X1 man-hours. Xu elec tric light anti [tower i umpany of < omparable size has yet reported to the .Na tional safety i Vernal a record of free dom from fatalities approaching that of the Commonwealth Edison Company. STREAMLINED TRAIN REVOLUTIONIZES TRANSPORTATION FIRE EXTINGUISHER SETS NEW STANDARD OF PROTECTION BETTER construction has produced a faster train without sacrificing safety. Better construction has also produced a ncwLUX fire extinguisher iiaving 33 greater extinguishing agent capacity with no increase in height or weight. if von will test the new Super-LLX extinguisher, vou will find the follow ing true. 1. It puts out more fire in oil. gasoline, or lacquer than any nr her dex ice nj cum parable si/.e. 7. it smoth er- tires in running oil or gasoline against which foam anil carbon tetrachloride extinguishers fail. It. ft puts nut fires in electrical apparatus safely. Tests will also show that the Jjuper-LLX extinguisher docs nu damage, leaves no mess nr iimisture to eiean up. will not Ireeze.and needs recharging only when used. What better extinguisher is there to pro tect vmir plant from produetion delays and lire hi--.'' Write to Walter kidiie&Cnrupany, fne,, Dept. 5A-.V itlnnmiield. N, j. j Smothers Many Fires in I Oil. t.asoliue. or Lacquer j W here Other Types of 1 Extinguishers 'Fail Safe for Lleetrieal Fires There is one thing that never has and never will mix with liquor. Although it j has been tried many times it has never been successful, The quality of the liquor or the manner of taking--straight, LUX CARBON DIOXIDEwith s-'da water or by holding the nose makes no difference. That one tiling F the operation of any power-driven FIRE EXTINGUISHERmachine or vehicle. -- Marsh ,'v Mc- I.liman, Inr., .Xi"u-~-i,tittT. \pril. iv;u With the Manufacturer Manufacturer* are invited to -end in announcements of new product?, or improved special features. Onlv items which can be considered as "news" to our readers vviil he published UK, U'RUN Industrial i'roducts i 'otttpatiy. caNI We-t Jsimt-rsci Mrevi.. i'lulai.eiphia, I`run., has nlareu >m the market a new apron that is practical tor men who are -nbieeted to splashes of cutting oils. gasoline, etc. The material Used in the .u.imitacttiro :s highly idtrm S upor-proot and I tusi-tight. ''atety Lock-out l'ttsh lJutton. This push button is tor d-wire low volt age protection installations wiietc it is desired to start and stop a motor through its magnetically operated starter or con troller from two or more push button con trol stations, at any one. of which it nia> he desired to lock the push button in the "off" position to prevent operation of the motor-driven marhine. For example, in connection with gram elevator conveyors, coal, stone and other material handling systems, mi large ma chine tools and similar applications, it is ireguentlv ticce-s-ary to be aide t" control the starting and stopping of a motor from any one of a number of push button sta tions and for safety reasons, to give pref erence to ,d! "-top' buttons over am- resistant to the a. lion of petroleum base products, it may lie iwd tor acid, ami is waterproof, Light in weight and manu factured m -tamlarii e-.?,,. '< *1A l.\T FOR HOT TAR The Engineering I'rodnets iiorporatiuu, J'1 (,fortlatuit Mrt's-i, Ww Y..rk i "tty, o. V., announce that, after extended lab oratory research they have brought to commercial form a new product known as "hoivatar ' which L a solvent tor hot tar and similar substances it is intended to- application m cases ,,f -patter or hot tar anti if applied promptly will greatly mitigate fhe -I'e-a-s ,,f ide Eutrn liy vnoi- tie and aetintr.-is -.-ivent tor the prompt I'r'iio.af the nir ... es|ie,-ialh- ,it- aide for workmen in manv . oust ruction and repair lines, .-urn as, ,,* works, ioof- 1 - - i'ld pavement w rk v. her- l-.t tar is aseci lor sa(!ing ..rack-, .-tc. The manu facturer i 'aims that the solvent is nonpoisonons, leaves tm |i.-n[i;mem iuiurv of any kind and has a 1,,w freezing point. Also that it is non-dappm,hie and ns ...tii- hustihility compares approximately with kerosene whtrh makes it a , umparativelv -afe ihiid for storage under most , ottdi- tions, it is ..tiered in - -- heav> >-!;ts>. bottles with stot.per ami ..m.ected -w,.h, L_. tart" button by being aide to lock * tie circuit "..pen" at any of the -tations. In these `.a-.s. 'here the push button tions are located on different tioors or tint anon* ottsh buttons -ire obscured from vww ,>r the main wph button 'lariot! c-ited adiarent to >u ,. the motor-driven mru bine, the In-vruun of a padlock on tec -top" de ,-t any ,,f tiic.se jusa butt, t: ill prev.'nt o'li-r.-pioi, ,.f the motor-driven machine tmtii the :-mhorbfed person lias removed the padlock and re-c>!ablishe-: `he Control circuit. in audition, this pti-ii !etr,.u has I>* o; uctosed in a duo-tight ami vapor-proof enclosure, the manufacturer -tates making it e-neciallv -mfeti for nop mini' -ate and dependable operation ni .in-ti ,,r gase-mlo.nliniw \\ U.I.S > VS \tt\V UK M M)K R \I\-RE?IFTI\ F. FC&M 1'1'SFT HITTOM t'or tme in connection with toe ;emote control of .automatic moi,,r onriers. The Flectrie t'V.ntrnlier *.i; . t' t. me, -TO* F. "Ufh Ft,, i dev, 'and. i tip'.., an- rtounre the new dt j"M- \ 1 i.. i ' 'racticHi and economical v.ay of trea`- un; wails pi make them impervious *- penetration hv driving rain is announced l.v 'tonhard ''otenanv, I'hitadelpuia. T, - -,-o. e-p.-.i " ' 1 Pm- e..m|ianv -Toy tins - ' 'o ' .rushing - . -'rating a h'luld known - "'oonhnrd .oi'hide" ,ie - trface, i'hts material transparent ami ran be -.pphed wtthout discoloring the -uriaec treated, lit this waterproofing it<|utd :* .. penetrating ele ment which i attses the matenal to pene trate tile surface [reared to a depth of i r. to I '4 mch, riepcmniiif on the porosity of the -iirface. This treatment I fjrncutariv tecom- inciPied ity the m.uiuiauurcr? for brick. ...iterate and stucco '..alls, am' ..> some ,:t- fauces it can be used ou .prune winding.- REPAIR MATERIAL TOR EVERY TYPE FLOOR `-`oncrete mix in asphalt base door re- -urfacmg materials is well known to main tenance men as a satisfactory door repair and resurfacing material f..r tioors of light manufacturing activity, in a materi al known as "Amolastic" teumtlv put ott the market by the Floor Treatment Uivi- : ion of American `til ?< ! lisinfeuam ("ompany, 129 Fast doth Street. Tew York t'ttv, it is claimed that a wav has beet, found to break the asphalt up into billions of particle* instead of millions as hereto fore, with a resultant finer emulsion that makes j> possible m mix larger yur-tities f . emet,t, -and and grave! . r "mp r.-rk. 's gives g wearing i-nrface iiard enough -tand heavv loads on steel wheels. The amount of aggregate mixed with the plastic determines the hardness to which it will s./t up. For foot traffic, the door may he made as soft as rubber, By merely increasing the .|uantity of cement, sand and gravel or trap rock, a more dur- ihle wearing -tirface T- produced tor re pairing and resurfacing trucking aisles, ' lading aprons in front of machines, plnr- f rms, boiler room floors, wherever smooth, -kid-pro<>f and durable suriace '- ucsired T his- tnatcrial a 'd e ` 1 - - d iypes ,,f floors --concrete. i-nhait eoinnosttion of iiriek, REST REMOVER interesting microscopic "motion pic ture" of rust removal is shown above. The oofs and niicrophofographs .'.ere made bv die research engineers . ,f the Brush ' .aboratories -a" td..velum '.dew Mo. | shows the virgin rust. \ ie.w Mo, show* tiny drop of kiist-M'ide at work, \.,te the bubbles that are formed while `he rust i- h<-mg ,ps=, .ivedf, V"e>,y Mo, b -hows the metal i'I minute? after tile drop of Ku>t-I-i ide w.i* applied- M'-'e NATION AL SAFETY NEWS 67 that the metal is dean ami shows no trace of rust. Rust-l-t tde is used before ivpamtiiiK rusted metal ami for cleaning up bright nn-tal mi which rust spots have formed, it is mm-poisunuus and harmless to the hands, the manufacturer claims. Rust-i- l ide is manufactured by The. Rusticide Products Co., iPfirt E, Ivth Street, Cleve land, -dlio, * *r * Statements published on this page are"| [based on the claims of the mauufac- g turer, While the National Safety News | c/mnot guarantee these statements, they | are believed to be accurate. J Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Safety Information on File Modern Appliances Need ITp-to-Date Wiring A reference file of trade publications on safety equipment should be a part of every plant's ammunition for the battle of controlling accidents. A wealth OLD electric wiring in connection with the diverse modern electric appliances found in most homes today is often the cause of tire disasters, ac of valuable data and information is yours at no charge and with no obligations. Every executive should avail himself of these publications---much help tn the every day problems of efficiency, safety and profitable operation are found in them. Mail the coupon today l cording to Fred T. Whiting. Chicago Ro- tarian and northwestern district man ager ot the W'estinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co. The wiring in many homes is sometimes thirty or forty years old. hut it has to support the use of an electric refrigerator, toaster, ironer, sweeper, washer, electric docks and nu merous other gadgets, in addition to all the regular house lights and special port able lamps. The result is that too heavy an electric load is carried. Electric fuses work 1. Steel-Truss Safety Ladders. Circular illustrates and. describes com plete line of extension ladders and step lad ders with patented steel truss rod feature to provide added strength and safety. The j. 8. Clark Company. 2. Holcomb Protection, circular describes foundry safety leggings of all standard materials and designs. Holcomb Safety Garment Company. 7. Squirrel Cage Motors. Bulletin No. 505-C shows details of construction and completely illustrates and describes the characteristics and uses of a dozen different tvpe of motors. The Louis Allis Company. 8. Safety Belt Fasteners, informa- tion on safety fasteners for power trans mission belts, which have been designed to get away from the danger of projecting wire and loose lace ends. W. O. 8C M. W. Talcott, Inc. efficiently and give electric circuits com plete protection, but the trouble begins when they burn out. (iften there is no spare fuse in the house, and one must go out to buy one or send post haste for a service man. The greatest danger, how ever. i that the householder may resort to bridging the fuse with a penny or piece of wire. Then he has completely destroyed the protection. Formerly there was no alternative to the use of fuses, hut the Westinehouse i ontparty has now plat ed on the market a Muall circuit breaker for the protection of electrical circuits. It is called a "tlipon." and makes use of the same 3. Explosion-Proof Fittings Bulletin No. 1003 describes, complete line of electrical fittings for use in hazardous areas. Appleton Electric Company. 4. Pyroil Industrial Brochure. inUs- trates and describes bow Pyroil lubrica tion reduces friction, fire hazards and cuts maintenance costs. Pyroil Company. 5. Washroom Economy and Sani tation. Eight models of group wash- fountains are illustrated and described in this folder. Also f<5-ln*A-Group" showers and shower-dressing room combinations. All equipment necessary tor an up-to-date sanitary washroom. Bradley Washfountaxn Company. 9. Macwhyte Wire Rope Slings. Twenty-seven-page catalog presents a range of sling types which can be assembled in various wavs to get almost any sling re quirement. Macwhyte Company. 10. Trumbull Ready - Reference. Catalog No. 1.6-A is arranged in tabu lar form to facilitate price and teature com parisons of the various types of Trumbull switches which have corresponding ratings. The Trumbull Electric Mfg. Company. I I. Accidents Can Be Prevented. Folder describes ten unique features of the LJ. 0. C. All-Service Gas indicator for detecting toxic and flammable gases and vapors. K D. Bullard Company. principle that protects the giant electri cal power lines. Anyone can restore service by simply flipping the breaker handle, just like an ordinary wall switch. 6. Safety Clothing. Booklet describes fully complete line of safe wearing ap parel. The Safety Clothing Company. 12. Safety Hand Tools. stamps, chisels, drifts, and punches made, of non-mushrooming metal are described in this folder. M. E. Cunningham Company. Mine Inspectors to Meet in Louisville | < H'NVUAL, Ky., i> idd oty chosem ioi the T'i-entv-Fitth Armiui O>n\c:yon .if rhe Mine Inspectors' Institute "f America and the dates. May- ' following thr Kentucky Derby j which is rim on the preceding Saturday, May I a P. j. FrteL mine impeLLo. Mth Anthracite j District of Pennsylvania. president of this I .ucanuation ot onai-mme mspccUus ,md safety I men. j. T. Ryan, >t Piftshmjn, has the pio- j wain well in hand, winch wJl embody features >f safety not heretofore considered. [ NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. a,-,, m Pleast* have Nctit to me the follow mg publications, nmiihrrs: Nuttir. - - ................................................................................................. .......................................................... ............................................... .. . . . Title... (.ompattx . . Address.. - APRIL, 1934 [New York Conference ( Continued from page r-bJ hide accident prevention can have on the worker when off duty- -would be re ported at the Conference in 19 55. Roger Williams, vice-president. Richardson and Boynton, presided. At the session on Building Mainte nance, over which F. B. Rogers, vice- president, Chrysler Building Corp., pre sided. a proposal for the formation of a building maintenance safety body, simi lar to the Hotels and Restaurants Safety Slippery walking surfaces daily take their toll. Falls on stairs alone Committee which grew out of last year's meeting, was made by A. if. Morgan, kill 4500 persons yearly. chairman. Operating Forum, Real Es ANY walking surface can be made permanently safe with Plastic FutSure. Applied quickly and easily to both new and old surfaces. Write for facts and prices. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. 21)44 Collew Ave, Niagara Falls, N. Y. tate Board of New York. Plans for the organization already have been laid, and will be submitted to building operation men at. an early date. Among the experts tippearing before the various sessions were the Hon. KInier F. Andrews. X. V. State industrial Com missioner: Ordway lead, lecturer <m PLASTIC j personnel administration, Columbia University, and editor of books on eco nomics. Harper A* Bros,; the Hon. FlITSURL Harold G, Hoffman, Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, New jersey; W. Graham Cole, safety consultant to the FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES New York State CWA: Philip Drinker, of the Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, and author of sev eral books on industrial health prob lems; anti Frank C. Gregory, safety en gineer, 1*. S. Employees' Compensation k ommisbion. Washington. D, C. Exhibits, conducted by a committee PYROIL it Simply Chid, to Rofftila*. Oil ) \ v- ^Minimizes DAMAGE lust oft the ju'`ss .* tu-w Ryrojl |irn- flmrc illuxtratmtf, classifying and tab ulating manv im portant Pyroil facts mini uses. Mail coupon below tor a FREE COPY DANGERS Well worth your slight elfort fo ob tain, .No obligation. Smui at once. Genuine Pjjro i i is Manufactured, Pat ented and Uuoranteed hjj pyroil pom- fawn, UX V. boiwdndeerr,, Prex., :; fl La- mFfdlpttf* Ave., L u f; r n a a <\ _____ \vi*,, r. s. .-t. HEzZL iDYR01|= ' *iir. ut.Mrair ^ under Walter G. Ring, American Opti ca! < Ac, increased materially. There were 40 exhibitors. Us compared to ' last year. The exhibits, placed in a -pacious room opening just off the regis tration desks and opposite the Grand Ballroom, nverilowed the original space allotted them. A new lonci-ption of the value >( hu man life was presented at the Confer ence banquet on .March o, by Frank L. Jones, vice-president. Equitable Life Assurance Society of C. S. Mr. Jones, j addressing more than 700 persons, rej marked that if a man were killed in an accident which destroyed a Si.000 auto mobile, the common inclination would be to disregard the man's life as an ecn[ nomir factor in stating the monetary loss. \ *-t a man capable of owning j .''..itiiO car usually has an income of at least SiO.UOO a year. Mich an earning Pyoil Company, LaFollette Avc,, LaCrnsss, Wiy., ti.S.A. .H>.f E-*" - >ho `-w D ,St-MTll lU NiUur* Addreii- - City....................... ....... e'u*. capacity, he continued, G the equivalent j of the incutne from a quarter of a million | I dollars of tax-free bonds at tour per cent i interest. t Dr. Riley M. Little, director, Re- j habilitation Division. New York .State Education Department, who spoke after .\Ir. Jones, described the safety worker as an idealist and a realist--one who, having come from the ranks, knows the practical elements of accident preven tion work, yet knowing the tragedies of accidents and stirred by them, is enough of a visionary and humanitarian to throw all the ardour of a compassionate spirit into the safety movement, Mr. Long, as toastmaster, compli mented the delegates on the success of the conference, remarking that it was "second only to the national congress.' Mr. Long also presented 12 Presi dent's Medals to persons who have saved lives by the prone pressure method ot resuscitation, and two certificates u persons who assisted. A. j. Passage of .Associated Industries, presented trophy plaques to representa tives of more than ,5U concerns in the metropolitan area for safety records. Special commendation is due Daniel L, Rover, of Ocean Accident and Guar antee t'o,, for his untiring efforts uchairman ot the Finance Committee. and to Albert S. Regula, on whose shoulders rested the responsibility tee the excellent program which his commit tee evolved. Foundries Remove DANGEROUS DUST ECONOMICALLY" WITH EXIDUST .* ro to h.p. PORTABLE CLEANING SYSTEMS Write for Information ALLEN BILLMYRE CORP. t 50 Water St. SOUTH NORWALK, CONN. Manufacturers BLOWERS, EXHAUSTERS DUST REMOVING EQUIPMENT NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 09 You can do the job better when you use these shoes. Give them a trial INDEX TO ADVERTISERS <*e Allen Billmyre Corp................................... .68 American Abrasive Metals Co, ..............63 American Optical Co.......................... 3 Ampco Metal, Inc. ........ .................... S6 Bay Company, The ...... ................... 49 Bernhard, Robert A.......... ....................... .61 Blaw-Knox Co........... ............. 69 Bradley Washfountain Co. ........... ... 57 Bullard Company, E. D............................ 50 Carnegie Steel Company ....................... 2 Chicago Eye Shield Co................................52 Cover, H. S.................................................. 53 Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. ............................. 37 DeVilbiss Company, The..........................59 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co................... 62 Engineering Products Corp. ....... 52 General Abrasive Co..................... 68 They do not mar floors. Straight ladders per pair $1.50. Step Lad der Shoes, set of lour 50c. JOHNSON LADDER SHOE CO. Ran Claire, Wisconsin Harrington & King Perforating Co. ... 57 Hygeia Respirator Co. .................................63 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. , 35 Industrial Products Co. , . .... ,60 Inland Steel Company.......... ................ .39 International Shoe Co..................................55 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co.......................... ,69 Justrite Manufacturing Co.............64 Walter Kidde & Company, Inc..........63-65 Klein & Sons, Mathias .... ...................55 Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.......... . 6 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co. ................... 58 Macwhyte Company ....................... 48 Mine Safety Appliances Co.......................33 One Piece Non-Slip Maximum Ventilation Easily Painted No Rattles BLAW-KNOX CO. 2030 Farmers Bank Bldg. Pittsburgh. Pa. BLAW-KNOX No More Accidents in This Shop! --or in anv other where WIESMAN SAFETY PRESS GUARDS are in stalled on the power presses. The op era ting print* iple ABSOLUTELY* PROTECTS THE OPERATOR with out interfering with his natural 'work ing movements. Simple, easv to attach, for all types of presses. Made for right or left hand stroke. Details? Wiesiiuiii Mfg. Co. tf South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. National Safety Remove thatCouncil ........ .. Inside Front Cover Never Slip Safety Clamp Co............. .. ,61 dangerousPangborn Corporation ..... ............ . 64 Procter & Gamble Co.............................. 5 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp................ Inside Back Cover OWEEPING, brushing Pyroii Co. . ................................................. 68 and blowing aggravate Safety Clothing Company , ............... 54 Safety Equipment Service Co, ..............................Back Cover Skybryte Company, The .......................51 dust _ conditions. Vacuum cleaning with the Spencer Portable removes the dust and dirt completely. Spencer Turbine Co.......... ......... .69 One man in his spare Strauss Company, Inc...................... . 53 j time can keep overhead ' W. O. * M. W. Talcott, Inc................,61 I Wiesman Mfg. Co., The........ ................ ,69 I dust conditions control. under Willson Products, Inc. ... ............ l I Easy to move, easy to op erate. Mew Jersey Dogs Make Delivery Bulletin on request. Hazardous dust AMBERGER'S 236 truck driveis B ami delivery men sustained 484 dog bites last year while delivering packages to New Jersey homes. The record score was piled up by Thomas McManus, who managed to get bitten 18 times. Fall and spring are the most perilous seasons, the dogs being more on their toes at that time than during the extreme months. Airdales are the most inhospitable and the shrewdest; they wait till the package has been delivered and get you on the way out.--The Xev Yorker, SPENCER TURBINE CO, Hartford, Conn. APRIL. 19H4 S8S The Buyers9 Service All firms listed below are advertisers in (his issue -.SVr Advertisers* Index Page 6q, iiccidcnt Prevention Service National Safety Council Anemometer* .Mine Safety Appliances to. A protiN i: t Bullard c<`im>4tiy i4Vis KinerKcticv Equipment V.,, Inc. Industrial Products C-JtnpatO Mine Safety Appliances to, Pangbom Corp. Pulraosati Safety Equipment ruCeorSp.afety `T-thing o*. Safety Equipment Servir Co, The Strauss inc. Arm Protector* l-; !>, Bullard O'mpahv f 4VI8 Knu'ruencs Equipment r.< me. Industrial Products G.mpjtii Mine Safety Appliances to. Pulm. san Safety Equipment C- rp. Tlu- stee> (T thing < Safety Equipment service <V The Strauss Cu.. Inc, Irreaters, Dust t! L>, Bullard < nuMMiiv Fangbom Corp. H Badges and Hutton* Mine Saiety Appliances Co. pelts--Ginemen's 1, D, Bullard Company Dans Kmomency Equipment Co., inc. Industrial Products Company Matlilas Klein & Sun* Mine 'ftfety Appliances t o. Pulmuian Safety Equipment Corp. -rim Sa*`ty .Tithing Co. The Strauss Co,. Inc. Beits--Safety F 1> Bullard Ci-miMiiy i >.ins Euieruvuc hum pment Inc. Industrial Products Cnmpai.i MaUda* Klein-A Sons Mine Safety Appliances Co. PulmuHah Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co, The Smet.v * I thing Co rite Strauss Co.* inc. Beits--Tree Trimmers' C P Bullard C'impaiiv Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance! co. Tne Strauss Co., Inc. Welt Fastener W 0 s< M W `falcon, inc. Belt*--V. iruiow t "1enners' P Ii Billiard toipp/inv Industrial Products c.unnauv dine safety Appliances to. The Strauss Co., Inc Blackboard* Blanket*--Fireproof I! P Itullard Cnimnv navis Emergency Equipment 4 " , Inc Indimt rial Products i Vmip&ny Mine dsfetv Appliance* Co Pnlmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Hie Surotv CP thing Co safety Equipment Service Co, Blower* illen Ktlimvre *'- r P Hqjlflv ! Company kibw-K'.-'I > < Pangbora Corp. Blow Torch** Mathias Klein dr Sons Brake*--Vehicle, power Bucket*--Hoisting: Davi* Emcriteticv Equipment r ci , ir.c. Industrial Products Company Bulletin Board* K.(). Hullard Company bavts Emergency Equipment i o,. inc. Industrial Product# Cnmpanv Mine Safety Appliances Cu, Ptiimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co, Car Blocker* V. h Kutlani Company Industrial Products Coimianv SatVtv Equipment Service ( o ar Blocker*--Mine Industrial Products Cnmpanv Mine safety Appliances Co Car Mover* !;. p, Hullard Company industrial Products company Safety Equipment Service Co. Car Step Tread*--Safety CmTtcan Abrasive Metal t'o, B 1 Hullard Company I avts Emergency Equipment Co,, inc* Carnegie Steel Co. industrial Product* Company inland steel Co. Carboy IncUuator* K P. Hullard Company ftuiuitrUI Products Company Safety Equipment Service i o. Carbon Monoxide De tector*, Indicator* and Recorder* K U. Bullard Company Mine Safety Appliance# Co Chain--Factory Chair*--TKu'ety Boatswain 5' Jl Bullard Cnmpanv Mine t-aiety Appliance# f The Strauss cm, Inc. Chip anti Spark Cuarda Pa<.r'i* , EtmiiCc.ri:oiicv Kquipnient- Chicago Eve Shield Co. Industrial Products Company The Safety cp-UBng co. Safetv Equipment Service Co. Clamps and Socket* Never Slip SaMv Clump Co. Cleaning: Compound* The Safety clothing Co. Cleaning System* Alton Hilltmer fn. Spencer Turbine Co. 1 iothing for Industrial Worker*--$**> Aprons, t !aos, `tio v es, Hand Learhers, T.cijffinjts, i )ver;.i Us, shoes. industrial Product* CoinpanA ClothlPK-- Weatherproof K t). Bullard opipauv Carts Entpruphc* KqtnpraiTjf 1 o,. inc, Industrial Product# company Aline Safety Appliance* co. Safety Equipment Service t'n Collector*--l Hist Panghnrn Corp. ciiRpidor*--Sa nitary Paper n Disinfectant* and Deodorants Drinking Fountain* Bmu.'ov A'* dT'^tmtairt <'n Dust Control System* i lien Billnivro c. Hiitv-E nor t nrj! Klevntor Safety Device* Emblem# Davis Emergency Equipment ine. Attn Safety Appllancea <'o. Eye Shade*--Nonbreakabie W i>. Bullard Cnmpanv Chicago Ey* Shield Co. Mavis Emergency Equipment cn,, jrtc. Industrial Products Company Mine Safety AppJlances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Expanded Metal Explosive Container* t:, D. Hullard Company luti* Emergency Equipment * n , Inc, Industrial Product# Compan> .fustrite Mf*. Co. Mine Safety Appliances t`o, Safety Equipment Service Co. fhe Strauss Co,, inc. F Fans--Exhaust Btaw-Knox Oi. Paugborn i 'rji. Film* or Slide* for Rent and sale National Safety Council Finger Protector* E, I), Hullard Company Chicago bye Shield Co. Mavis Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. Industrial Products Company Mm Safety Appliances Co. 'Urn K&fetv Cl* thing Co. safety Equipment Service Cn Fire Alarm* Mine safety Appliances < Fire Detector* hire Extinguisher* T M Hullard t onipanv ludustrlal Prnrinot# ? '.itmianv Walter Kldde & ''a>, Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment *: v.rp. Fireproof Clothing K. M- Bullard t 'uiq>.iiiv 11a vi s Kmcrgciu:v Eq ui pmmt c*> , Inc, industrial Products Company Mine strtv Appliance# Co. Safety Equipment service cn flie Safety <"[ thing Lo. The Strauss to., Inc. First Aid Equipment 'Hie Bar Cm H -nert A Bernhard tl Ij. Hullard Company M nvt i-: mergeuev (! q u I pmcut o :(?. I'liUtnct-rimr ('.'luon < .<*p, Hviunn, Westcott .Sr fiunnmg Industrial Pruihimc i .<mpatK Mine Safetv iriiitlancM C Pulmosan Safety Equipment t'orp. Safety Equipment Service Cn First Aid to Illne** Floor Machine* Flags--1` >a n ger E. M Billiard Cotutiinv Industruii Produci* * ompgm Safety Equipment Service o Flammable Vapor indicators V- D. Hullard Pmupruiv |q*vit Emergenev Equipment Inc Mine '-afetv Xppllanee* Co Flooring ^latcrlnl*-- ^nfety American Ahrasiv Metal* Co, Btaw-Kimx nmpanv '"arneirie ^teej General Ahraaive i'n Imhtstnal Product# c ><n'panv Inland Steel Cn Flywheel ftiards Mhv # , Pfiiiinun! n Inr, Harrington & King Perforating Industrial PrrvUiet Cornpanv Foot (*uard* E D. Bullard Companv Mari* Emergency Equipment 'o,, Inc. Ellwafd Safety Appliances Cc>. lmtustrial a ruduct# C.mipany Mine Safety Appliances t o. Safety Equipment service co. The safety rh'thmg Cu. The Strauss Co,, Xnc. Footwear--Rubber C i). Milliard Company Industrial Product# Company Mine safety Appliances Cu, Fuse Puller* It P Hullard Company 1 nduitt rial Product# Cnmpanv Mine Safety Appliances t o --afety Equipment Service t`o. Hats--safety b IK Hullard Company flans Emercwicy Equipment - o , inc. Industrial Products Company Mine safety Appliance* c The >fetv iTuthing Co. The Strauss Co., Inc. Helmet* American optical < o. C b Hullard i " tiicago Eye Shield Co, I th Emergenoj Knuipumm ' " . Inc Industrial Product * tVinpa:. Mine Safetv Appliances * Pangoorn Corp. f'ulmosau safetv Equipment Corp, The Solely i i .thing > > safety Equipment (- WUSson Product*. Inc. G t.n* Detector* !, M HulUrd Company 1 hivts Kmergency Equipment Co . inc. Mine Safety Appliances t'o. (.rrmicide* Hook*--Linemen's Belt I' i*. Huiiarii Coiiitutiv lATi# Equtpinrit; c.. , Inc. Industrial products Cornua:, Mine Safety Appliance* co. safety Equipment Seme Co The Straus* t`o,, inc. Hook*--Safety Holst!r t Industrial Product# I'nuuau- Germicide---Cutting Oil Gias*--Safety American optical Co C h Hullard ( Chicago Eye Shield Co. fmnmnai Product# c..mpati\ Mbhev-Owens-Ford Hla* Co Mine safety Appliances t'o puimmsan Safety Equipment * brp. Tin* safViy thing Co. -afetv i-vpulpment service Co, WtlHnn Prottuoti. inn. Gloves and Mitten* 11 H illard Conwanv Chicago E>e Shield Co. "niviis hnu'rgencv Equipment c-.,, Inc, f*i.|iisir:at Pro-nici! ' .imratiy Mine Safety Appliances o. Pnnghnm Corp. fmlmosan Safety Equipment -rp. The Safety Clothing Cn i'Hjf Equipment Service Co. Guggle* imertean t'Pttcaf tv i. I` Hullard Coitumiv ba v: i.n:irgt-uey 1-Jqu i pmen t ! -< HlC. 'hicagri Eye shield Co. in.hHu-tal Products t 'muiuhv Mine ^afetv Appliances < " Pulmruan Safety Rtjuipment - t'-` Equipment Sr-l'Clen I'o !' r * tlur.c < 1 WBison Prmhieta, (PC. t*ng*t yireti*. Horn* and ufher aignalingdevice* l 11 Hullard Cmnmihv mdujtrtal Product* C,.nii'aiiv Mine .'sfetv Appliances t ' Guard*---Safe tv i. Ii Hiiilar.i Cornpanv mvi Cmcriiemn Equipment i Inc iUnnncton A- King Perforating I'niqnriai Pr .dn.-ts c.miranv [*- r" ,/.-.rv (q. thiiikt 'Metv Equipment Service i'o Hospital Equipment K l> Hullard t `Uiipanv * 'an# ICmergenct Kqurpraent '< , Inc, Industrial product* t'tnpafr Mine Safety Appliance* t'o Safety Equipment Service C i nbaluior* t. n. Hullard < n t , Mavis Emerpenc) hquiprm-iE Pic ind'ja'rm) |h- s nr * Min S*fery Appliance* Co E imtirnnce ,i Jointer Guard* havii i-.mergenev Equirnn-r-t Co me. i\ fur:*i p-o.iqc** ? !(,; -afety MuipmerB Seme* L {.adder*--Safety (i Ci H-ciari C-irrrM''v Mine Safetv AppILmre* t o fhe -V"-v .-fM:unc < {.adder Shoe* I' !' E ( ' ,r 1 i - S-'d'i-'r.V' f-'-h-.pi ,r-v h- n (.adder : ;i* t,.. ' - iVi 5 AppUsnr* t; .!*'- `'thing .n >sGtv Eqtnpnient `"vur * f.mp Hanger* Lamp l.oekH (rufijonal Products i mipa:v. Mine Safety Appliance* t o '-ifery Equipment ;J-r'di'e t.amp*--,S; ictv Mars# thnergenev Equipment '< . Inc* H Hand rrenm nulhUM t'-impam . i'sr-- kiiiitjt-s.t'v Equipment Piducinai Products Comuanv 'Pn<* ".ifr'tv Anplfiincv* i'o, Hand Leather* c 1* Milliard compa nv f-iri.nsria! I Toiluct # "'qnoanv \\ n. <.!>[>- Appium-es Co I'u.rnitsan SaGtr Equipment *'orp. safety Equipment Service .. The `aH'tv <T*MhIng Co, The Strguis Co., Inc. Lantern*--Carbide " T* HuParrl i l.an tern*--tbe. -trie > I* Hmimrij rnmpanv f diiitria: Pr^iuo!# <'-m;ar. Mine Safety Appliance* Cn Lugging* I' Bullard Otnrir-v `avis Frncr^rnoy Equipmens [ r- inc mdutfrial Prnditc4* comnarH r\Punim<>oaSmaifetsv,afeAtvppEliaqnuiwpme n.t ! -Tp. Safetv Equipment Service c* The S;,fetr .Tuning Co, The Htrauia Oq., Inc. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW? 71 Lighting- -Emergency KJnemen'ii Protector* i- |i Bullard `'mpau> IMru biuHgtuiiu Kqmpmrni itu\ lu.tu^riat j'ro.fitru r.impaitv Mine HMety Appliances lo. Ihdrnosan Safety Equipment l'orp. Safety Equipment Service Ho Linemen's Tool Kings t%. U. Bullard Company Bavls Emergency Equipment Co , Ine. ludtistriai Products t'.impany Safety Equipment Service ro. The fcttrauM Co., Inc. Lockers and Hangers for clothing Industrial Cmdm'U rompani Lubrication IVo11 Co. Lubrication Systems H >1 asks American >Dticat Co. t: H. Huilard i miqvinv i'hicaG Eit> Shield Co. 1 `avis Emergency Uqu t pment <'o.( Inc. Industrial Products Company Mine Safety Appliances Oo. Panphorn Corp. Fulraoian Safety Equipment Corp. The Safety `Iriiduc in. Safety Equipment Sendee Co Willson Products, Inc. Masks--Navy Type E, 1) Bullard Cnmp.mv Industrial Products < mi|ans Mine Hafetv Appliances < >j. WlUaao Jf'roducta, Inc. Mat*--.Standing, Safety T,av1s Emergency Equipment !'o,, Inc. Industrial Products i ompauy O Oil Cans F f Bidiard ( <Uiifi.itiv industriat Products i'nmpaiB Justnte Mf*. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Protcctoseal Company Safety Equipment service Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Haris bmiHRonev Equipment * `n I lie. Mine Safety Appliances On P Pads--Knee B. H. Hilliard Cnmpanv industrial Products <VmpaM> Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service ilot Paint Remover Perforated Metal Harrington & King Perforating Co. Industrial Products Company Pneumonia Tents Mine Safety Appliance On Poster Service Power Press Guards 'hlciuto Bye Shield llo. (*nvi< i.mtTifoncs Equipment fTie. {ndustria1 Products Companv Wlosniau Mfff. Co. Prize ,4 wards Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Pyrotannie Detector Mine Safety Appliance* Co. R Halt damps Industrial Products Compaii) Respirators American Optical Co. E, H, Bullard Orapanv Chicago Rye Shield Co. H. H. Hover Oavis Emergency Equipment (A. Inc. Hvgeta Kespirator Co. industrial Products Company Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pangbom Corp. Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. The ;-.(Wly Hi thing * M Safety Equipment Service f`n. WiiUon Product*, Inc. Resuscitation Equipment E 0 Bullard Company Hans Emergency Equipment co,, fnc. Mine Safety Appliance* On, Rock Dusters Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Rope--Wire MacWhyte Company S Saw--Safety Haris Emergency Equipment Co, Inc, Mine Safety Appliance! Co, Saw Guards I) B. Bullard Companv Industrial Products Companv Safety Equipment Service < o. Scaffolding Scrubbing Machines-- Electric Shaper Guards industrial Products i empatiy Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Hans Emergency Equipment 'O,, fttc. Uma Cord Bole & Heel Oo. Shoes--Factory and Foundry K 1*. dullard t'omp.lti* I >am Kini'UtctjQ Equipment Co,, inn. industrial Products i'rnnpany International Shoe Co Mine Safety Appliance* t.o. Safety Equipment Senice Co. Shoes --Wooden Sole industrial Products i nmpany The Safety Clothing Co. Signs Industrial Products Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co. The Sufety l t< tiling Co, Safety Equipment Service Co, Sirens and Signals C H Bullard Company Engineering i'rorhirtR corp. Industrial Products Company Slides--Lantern--Also see Films or Slides Slings---Safety Wire Rope MacWhyte Company Soap The Procter & Gamble Co. Sterilizing Equipment Straps--Safety E. U, Bullard (`ompauy Industrial Products Company Mathias Klein * Mona The Ktrami Co,, Inc. Surgical Dressings The Bay Co. E i>. Bullard Company Havls Emergency Equipment f`n , Tnc. Industrial i'roiqcfs i mnpahy Mine Safety Appliance* <_o. t Tools 'fiavia Emergency 'Equipment *'o., Inc. Tools--Linemen's K H. Uidlard Company Industrial Products < nmpany Matldas Klein & Sons Tools--Non-sparking AmiK-u Metal, hie, E, Lc Bullard ( .impauv Bavts Emeryeney Kqu11>ment C'n., Inc. Pulmiaan Safety Equipment Corp. Towel t ahinets--Paper frralHe Markers Safety Kqulpment Serrice cn. Treads--Safety A mencan Abraaiv* Metal C<> * >\rnwrie Steel co, Hhvis EmerKoncy Equipment Cc-,, inc. Industrial Products ``nmpaio Inland Steel Co. Trestles--Safety Extension Trophies V 4 actmm (.'leaner* Alien Blllmvrc i;a. Vending Machines-- Sanitary Ventilating Equipment Blaw-Knnx Co. Pangborn 'orp, vv Washroom Equipment-- Industrial BrntUey Washfi imtani i n. Washers--Safety, for Orindtner Wheels Idtiusrriai Prndticrs rmnpanv Waste Cans C, l.i Bullard Cmnpauv lHvit Emergency Kqulpmeni ``o, inc. Industrial Products Comnam iustrtta Mf*. Co, MLne Safety Appliance* Co, f'ulmosan 8afetv Equipment *' orp. Safety Equipment .Service Co. Water Foolers Wetdiug Equipment Window Gleaner Window Preparation--riare flu* Skyhryte Co. Wrenehes---Hopper Car Industrial Products Companv Satety Equipment Service Cn, Industrial Safety Market a S a service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete " list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. ff you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate rial to meet your requirements. 1 I National Safety News, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) loffil ......... APRIL, 1934 Company ............................................. .. Address ................................................................ Your Name , t , ........................................ . The Accident Barometer Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council Accidental Deaths of All Types in January were about 10 per cent above the January 1933 total. This is largely the result of a 17 per cent advance in motor vehicle deaths and one of 14 per cent in home deaths, although industrial deaths contributed slightly to the in crease. The January total is also about 5 per cent above December. This is unusual; in most years the January figure will be as much as 10 per cent below December. Reports for February so far received indicate a decrease from January, which is more in line with the customary seasonal change. Electric Railway Accidents aver aged 6.98 per 100 000 vehicle-miles in 1932. according to a report recently issued by the U. S. Bureau of the Census. This is 9 per cent above the 1927 rate of 0.39, and 34 per cent over the 1922 rate of 5.20. The data are secured as part of the quinquennial Census of Electrical Industries; hence there are no com parable futures for intervening years. The rapid increase in the rate is prob ably tied up with the increase in amount of automobile traffic. It is encouraging io find that the rate for fatalities alone has been decreasing--1922, 0.08; 1927. 0,07; 1932,0,06. The report gives 1932 data for trolley buses separately. The rates for these vehicles are: deaths only. 0.02: all injuries, 2.39. No conclusive information is available on the reasons for the great difference in rates of trolley buses and street cars, but it seems likely that where bu<e> are used to supplement street cars their runs usually do not in clude the more densely populated por tions of the cities, where the hazard of collision is greatest, OccrpATtON'AL Deaths reported to Industrial Commissions in 17 states totaled 47o in February compared with 347 in January. The decrease is largely due to February being a short month, deaths reported per day averaging only 3 per cent less in February. Warly all siates .-.bowed decreases or only small increases, but two (Massachusetts and New Jersey! had substantial increases. Compared with February 193 4, the cur rent reports -,hnw an advance of 9 per <ent in deaths. The trend is mixed, with five states reporting decreases, six no <hantn* or -light increases, and s'x Commercial Vehicle Accidents in Note: This page contains only the the National Fleet Safety Contest de high lights of the most recent accident creased from a rate of 3.14 per tOO.OUU experience. More detailed informa tion on many types of accidents, ineluding city, state, and industrial em ployee records, are available in other National Safety Council publications. vehicle-miles in December to J.ol in January, a reduction of 17 per cent. The reduction appears to lie seasonal in nature, for a sizeable decrease came in January in the two preceding years. Moreover, the current drop is not as fairly large increases. January and February combined total 6 per cent more deaths than the first two months of 1033. large as occurred last, year, and the rate is considerably above last January's. The best January 1934 records are as follows: inter-city buses. 7,455,105 vehicle-miles and 60 accidents- a rate Occupational Accidents, in plants participating in inter-plant contests of .'(immunity safety councils, averaged slightly higher in January than in De of 0.81; inter-city trucking, 1.178,395 vehicle-miles and 17 accidents--a rate of 1.44; and dairy fleets. 840,974 vehiclemiles and 15 accidents--a rate uf 1.78. cember, the frequency rate per million man-hours advancing from 11.95 to 12.03. The severity rate, however, dropped 14 per cent from 1.10 to 0.95. A year ago the January' frequency rate was 10.21 and the severity rate 0.60. It seems likely that these increases are due in part to the presence of "green men" in industry. Steam Railroad Deaths continued to decrease in November, reaching a total of 402, or S' per cent below the (>ctober total of 437. Injuries increased, but only 1 per cent. The death rate per million locomotive-miles went up from 4.25 in November 1932 to 4.-33 in No vember 193 4, and the injury rate adanced from 15.90 to 18.43. Most of the increase in the death rate comes under the heading "trespassers." while for the injury rate the majority is found under "passengers on trains." Motor Vehicle Deaths for January are estimated to total 2.310. an increase of 17 per cent over January 1943, This January figure was surpassed only in 1941 and 19 42. Present records of gas consumption indicate that it is now as high as it h;ts ever been, so 1944 deaths may equal or surpass the peak record of 1931 unless safety measures, such .is strong drivers' license laws, ate more Home Accidental Deaths in Janu ary were about 14 per cent higher than in January 1933. according to reports of cities and states with a population of 32,000.000. It* this is representative of the record for the entire Drifted States, it may be estimated that there were about, 3,300 deaths in total. This indi cates that they were far more numerous than January motor vehicle deaths, which totaled only 2,31 (). However, the rear's low figures for motor vehicle deaths come in the first three or four months so it may be expected that they will be at least equalled by home deaths during these months. Student Accidents decreased 10 pettent in January, the rate per lootin' audent-days dropping from 11 ,n io : V The change appears to lie seasonal. Even with this reduction, however, the January rate is still considerably above those recorded in earlier years. Daylost from school averaged 3 2 per acci dent which, also, is above the T.-entr ier other Januaries. Accident rates ,-.i far this s hool year have been con,'tstentlv higher than in earlier years, April Fxpkct.mtons, About one out of ever\' three April .ucidenta! deaths will involve motor vehicles. widely used and more firmly enforced. Fatal falls will continue to make up However, the January total does repre about 25 per cent nf the total, hut thev sent a decrease of 2`- per cent f-nm the December I'->3.4 total, which is a some what larger drop than usually occurs in January. may not be quite as numerous as in the winter months. Deaths from burns will decline substantially, hut brown ings will increase to about 400, NATION\L S-VFETY NEWS The finest dust respirators in all safety history will be introduced on this page next month! will out-perform even the present Pulmosan Dustpruf Respirators . . . themselves rated as the outstanding respirators by leading industrial plants. Many refinements and improvements have been added, to increase safety -- comfort breathing ease -and working efficiency. Mulligan Diitribuior: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO. Detroit PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORPORATION i 76 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. V. \f ember * Industrial Safety Equipment / akc Superior Pistnrt Uutributors: W. P. & R. 5. MARS Duluth ----B--EL to be ! unrr 4 N T MO N'T f ^ The Drednaut Non RubberHeadband (PATENT APPLIED FOR) For years there has been an insistent demand for a headband for Goggles and Respirators, made of material other than elastic, rubber, or leather. At best the service of an elastic headband is of comparatively short duration and from the first time it is put into use its effectiveness gradually decreases until it is utterly useless and has to be replaced. It is to be expected that the manufacturer of the Drednaut Goggles who has been responsible for most of the innovations in industrial goggles, should be the first to solve this problem. The Drednaut Non-rubber Headband not only elimi nates the use of rubber entirely but for the first time provides a headband which may be adjusted to various sizes and one which mil maintain a uniform tension indefinitely. All buckles and catches are done away with and a smooth, easily worn headband which provides just the right tension for the individual needs is provided. Mot only does the new Drednaut Non-rubber Headband provide the great est comfort and permit a most satisfactory adjustment of the goggle but it will also prove to be the most economical type to use because it will give a much longer service than any elastic headband and does away with the necessity of frequent replacement. When you see this new headband you will agree with us that once again Drednaut has maintained its place at the head of the procession. Drednaut Goggles with the new Non-rubber Headbands are ready for delivery. They will be known as "Drednaut 50-s," and this specification on your order will secure for you the best possible eye protection available. We will gladly forward a sample at your request. vv,,.' i , f" C ,4 C r 228 St. Clair Ave. y MP` : BUELL W. NUTT, PRES. CLEVELAND, OHIO