Document 8Z43ZJ8pG8po641vr7DjXmnd
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CHAPTER 27
1948 Guide
nesses are contained in the American Standard for Wrought-.Iron and Wrought-Steel Pipe, A.S.A. B36.10, which includes standard-weight and extra-strong thicknesses in Schedules 40 and 80, respectively, and eight other schedules of varying wall thickness to provide for different service conditions. Dimensions and other useful data for Schedules 30 and 40 pipe are given in Table 1. Table 2 from A.S.T.M. Specifications A53 and
Table .3. Standard Dimensions and Weights, and Tolerances in Diameter And Wall Thickness for Copper Water . Tubes3
(All tolerances in this table are plus and minus except as otherwise indicated)
Avbragb OutBtDB OUUFTEB
Wall Thickness. In.
Theoretical Weight,
Lb feb Ft
Standard Watxb Tubs' Sisk, In.
Actual Outbids Diamxtbb
In.
TOLBBANCB. IN.
Tips K
Ttpb L
Type M `
Annealed Drown
Temper Nominal Nominal Tolerance Nominal Tolerance
h 0.250 0X02 0.001 0X32
X 0.375 ' 0X02 0X01 0X32
0.500 0X025 0.001 0.049 H ' 0.625 0X025 0.001 0.049
H H
1
IX
0.750 0.875 1.125 1375
.0X025 0X03
0X035
0X04
0X01 0.049 0.001 0.065
0.0015 0.065 0X015 0X65
m .2
2K 3
1.025
. 2.125 2.625 3.125
0.0045 0X05
0.005 0.005
0.002 0X02 0X02 0X02
0X72
0.083 .0.095 0.109
3M 3.625 0X05 0.002 0.120
4 4.125 0X05 0.002 0.134
5
5.125 0.005
0X02 0.160
6 6.125 0.005 0X02 0.192
8 10 12 .
- 8.125 10.125 12.125
0X06 0.008 ,0X08
+0X02 -0X04 +0.002 -0.006 +0.002
-0X06
0X71 0338 .0.405
i
0X03 0.004 0.004 0.004
0.004 0.0045 0.0045 0X045
0.005 0X07 0.007 0X07
0.008. 0.010. 0X10 0X12
0.025 0.030 0.035 0X40
0.042 0.045 0.050 0X55
0X60 0X70 0X80 0.090
0.100 0.110 0.125 0.140
fed
1& P
S'
a .
0X025 0.0035 0X035 0.0035
0X25 0.025
0.025
0X28
0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
0.085 0.068 0.0680.134 0.126 : 0.107-
0X69 0.198 0.1450X44 0XS5 0.204*
0.0035 0.004 0.004
0.0045
0.030
0.032 0X35 0.042
0X025 0.418 0X62 0.003' 0.641 0.455 0.0035 .0X39 0.655 0.0035 1.04 .0X84
0X63-
0X28 0.4650.68X
0X045 0.006 0X06
0.007
0X49
0.058 0.065 0X72
0.004
0.006 0.006 0.006
1X6 .2X0 2.93
,4.00
1.14 1.75 2.48 XX3
0.940 1.46 2.03 2.68
0.007 0.009 0.010 0.010
0X83 :
0.095 0.109 0.122
0X07 0.009 0.009 0X10
5.12 ' 4X9 3X8
6X1 5.38 4.66 9.67 7.61 ^ 6.6613.9 10X .8.92-
0X16 0X18 0X20
0X00 0X50 0X80
0X14 0X16 .0X18
0.170 0X12 0.254
0X14 25.9 0.015 40X 0X16 57X
19X 30.1 40.4
16X 25.6 36.7
From Standard Specifications for Copper Water Tube of the American Society for Testing Materials,
AS.T.M. Designation B88-41.
.
Note 1:--For copper gas and oil burner tubes, the tolerances shown above for various wall thicknesses (type K) apply irrespective of diameter.
Note 2:--For tubes other than round no standard tolerances are established. These tolerances do not apply to condenser and heat exchanger tubes.
A120 combines the schedule thicknesses of A.S.A. B36.10 and the old series designations.
Standard-weight pipe is generally furnished with threaded ends in random lengths of 16 to 22 ft, although when ordered with plain ends, 5 per cent may be in lengths of 12 to 16 ft. Five per cent of the total number of lengths ordered may be jointers which are two pieces coupled together. Extra-strong pipe is generally furnished with plain ends in random lengths of 12 to 22 ft,-although 5 per cent may be in lengths of 6 to 12 ft.
In addition to IPS copper pipe, several varieties of copper tubing are in use with either flared or compression couplings or soldered joints. Dimen sions of copper water tubing intended for plumbing, underground water service, fuel-oil lines, gas lines, etc., have been standardized by the U. S.
Pipe, Fittings, Welding______________________________ ' S15
Government'and the American Society for Testing Materials.- There are three standard wall-thickness schedules of copper water-tubing classified in accordance .with their principal uses as. follows: .
Type If--Designed for underground services and general plumbing service. Type L--Designed for general plumbing purposes. Type M--Designed for use with soldered fittings only.
In general, Type K is used where corrosion conditions are severe, and Types L and M where such conditions .may be considered normal as, for instance, in heating work. Types K and L are available in both hard, and soft tempers; Type M is available only ip hard temper. Where flexibility is essential as in hidden replacement work, or where as few joints as possible are desired as in fuel-oil lines, the soft temper is commonly used." In new
Table 4. Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches per 100 ft3 (For superheated steam and other fluids refer to temperature column)
Saturated Steam * .
Elongation in Inches psb 100 rr prom -- 20 F up
/
Tem
Vacuum Inches
of Hg.
Pressure Wg
perature Fahren
heit
Degrees
Cast* Iron Pipe
Steel
WroughtIron
Pip* " Pipe
Saturated Steam
Elongation in Inches psb
100 PT PROM -- 20 F cp
Tem
PresBure Bog.
perature Fahren
heit
Degrees
CastIron Pipe
Steel Pipe
Wrought*
-Iron " Pipe
Copper Pipe .
-20 0 0 0 0 2.5 220 1.634 1.852 1.936 2.720
0 0.127 0.145 0.152 0.204 10:3 240 1.780 2.020 2.110 2.960
20 0.255 0.293 0.306 0.442 20.7 260 ,1.931 2.183 2.279 3.189
40 0.390 0.430 0.465 0.655 34.5 280 2.085 2.350 2.465 3.422
29.39
60 0.518 0.593 0.620 0:888 52.3 300 2.233 2.519 2.630 3.665
28.89
80 0.649. 0.725 0.780 1.100 74.9 320 .2.395 2.690 2.800 3.900
27.99
100 0.787 0.898 0.939 1.338 103.3 340 2.543. 2.862 2.988 4.145
26.48
120 0.926 1.055 1.110 1.570 138.3 360 2.700 3.029 3.175 .4.380
24.04
140 1.051 1.209 1.265 1.794 180.9 380 2:859 3:211 3.350 4.628
20.27
160 1.200 1.368 il.427 2.008 232.4 400 3.008 3:375 3.521 4.870
14.63
180 1.345 1.528 1.597 2.255 293.7 420 3.182 3.566 3.720 5:118
6.45 ------- : 200 1.495 1.691 1.778 2.500 366.1 440 3.345 3.740 3.900 5.358
From Piping Handbook, by Walker and Crocker. This table gives the expansion from --20 F to the . temperature in question. To- obtain the amount of expansion -between any two temperatures take the difference between the figures in the table for those temperatures. For example, if a steel pipe is installed at a temperature of 60 F and is to.operate at,300 F.the expansion would,be'2.519 --'0.593 -- 1.926 m.
or exposed work copper pipe of a, hard temper, is generally-used. All three classes are extensively used; with soldered fittings.
Standard dimensions, weights, and diameter and wall-thickness
tolerances for these classes of copper tubing are given in Table 3. Copper
pipe .is also available with dimensions of steel pipe. -
-
Refrigeration lines used in connection with air Conditioning equipment
also employ- copper tubing extensively.' For refrigeration use where tubing absolutely free from scale and dirt is required, bright annealed copper tubing that has been deoxidized is used. This tubing is available in a variety of sizes and wall thicknesses.
EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
The increase in temperature of a. pipe from room temperature to an operating steam or water temperature 100 deg or more above room tem perature results in an increase in length of the pipe for which provision must be made. The amount of linear expansion (or contraction in the case of refrigeration lines) per unit length of material per degree change in