Document 723D8pZpQa0nweEdeBodzeoB

ry\A^ S PE New s' narkvtf fir-^ Spaces ihow, which By PAUL L. REED |ing to'I. 0. Committee, f exhibitors |ost idenficai .owever, the larger, than pys and the / Paul L. Reed has been the editor of "Industrial Plastics" sifiie its. inception. . Prior, to his war service he \was editor of "Tool 4r Die journal.". He has edited the-three editions of Gordon B. Thayer's "Plastics Molds." With over 20 years , of technical editing experience he has been a. member of several technical and engineering societies. He has contributed to the, technical and general circula-,: tion press. He is acting chairman of the Cleveland Section, SPE. . v j PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT e Show. ; ' :al Meetings :al sessions, j records, cc-. Registration THE plastics/iridustry is ne^.'as an industry that challenges ihe attention ,'of the general public and in that it supplies pOrts; assemblies and products to American industry and commerce both competitive ly and by"creatingnew "marketsby .the intrinsic pos- absorbing a number of competitors. The early prod ucts were largely confined to men's collars, cuffs and shirt fronis. This plant, now a Celanese unit, is the.oldest continuously operated, materials plant in the country. . ' ' . . Committee,; scheduled Schedules |r have been' non-membej Sending these. sibihtiesofpiastics^forihulations.^'/' . V However, the plastics industry has deep roots. If, lor the sake of simplicity/vie consider the two basic roots at the chemical and the; machine tool indus tries, plastics is by no means a new industry: Let us look first at the chemical background. In 1846 Schoenbein, a German chemist, made the The success of the Celluloid Company led a group of Newark business men in 1881 to form the Mer chant's Manufacturing Company to make a new plastic which they' called "Pasbosene.^ The prin cipal products were martingale rings'arid other saddlery hardware/ However, bis company failed because they did hot leam to brake the nitrocellulose first nitrated cellulose, by mixing nitric and sulphuric properly. Vr Directors compounds.. He is generally' considered as the dis- In 1883 two shiail companies merged to form' the ping the. four! B. Bishop;'] .These j iriefly 'coverer .of cellulose nitrate; -.However, his research was to improve the earlier nitric acid arid vegetable starch explosives which had proved too-, sensitive and violent. Thus, at the very .beginning of plastics, research for war gave us'our first basic material. Cellonite, Company. This., company prospered and three years later it was incorporated under the name of The Arlington Manufacturing .Company with the building of d small plant at Arlington, N.J. The com pany continued to grow and by 1915 was the largest vMi .in the ] Incidentally, at the end ,of a century of development, Socony- particularly the years 1942-1945/ the ferment of war 'was' Imgely, Responsible 'for ihe.; rise of plastics as a pyroxylin .manufacturer in the country. In .that year E. I.-^u.Porit de Ne'moiirs & Co., Inci, purchased, the coiripany whose, plant arid' in personnel becarrie the major'Americdri`.industry;`\. ' ; nucleus of the 'Plastics Department of that great Billiards'/was; a fashionable; gentlemen's., pastime ; organization. ' `Z^-/:/ the riiidffle,years.;of .thedast century/. Ivory ivas In 1891 the Eiberoid Company'was,organized arid jUniversally;/used .to make billiard balls'. The 'only , set up a factory at Indian Orchard, near Springfield, source.was'the' tusks of the African" elephant. By Mass., for the manufacture of celluloid. This. unit the close of the American Civil War the .supply of ivory had reached "the vanishing, point.; A. large lericari-.manufacturer offered a prize of $10,000 a suitable substitute. ' Among those who made a iid for' this -rich' prize; vras; John' Wesley Hyatt, an `ilbariy, N.Y., printer. Iri;.1868, by aHappy circum-. :'e/lie mixed solid camphor with a mixture of illulose, nitric acid and -sulphuric acid. He found. tat the mixture (nitrocellulose) was solvent in camihor and that,-when heated,' the pulp,was moldable. 1,0 new material, which'Hyatt called Celluloid, was id, whh cdoled, to be' strong arid hard. Hyatt, incidentally; did not collect the prize money. Ke as a partner, fife"set 'Piri'busiriess,tp;make'/dentgl/plates. The Celluloid, aril ftmufactufmg^^mjkmy'wds very successful and * 1871 moved to;Newgrk/N.J/This was the begin- l,n9 ,f Plastics/: manufacture in this city, riow .one if the most important centers for the manufacture 'f plastics/materials and parts. . . 'Hie basic process vyaS/the riitidting of cottori rag sSUP A__ if eventually became an operation'' of the Monsanto Chemical Co. .. ; Leominster, Mass,-, long a comb'manufacturing center, had its first plastics plant in 1897. In that year. Bernard W/ .Doyle organized the Viscoloid Company. This company, after a successful history, was purchased by du Pont in 1925. ' - Perhaps the most important incident in the modem development; of the ..American plastics Industry' was the fact that the'''fi^prize`in.;d&^nislr?;gt' the' Uni- .Versify of Bruges.(Belgium) ih 1889 was q'iravellmg schdiarship/'TiRwiim Rqekd-' laid,-.jirdfeirorw%gdmstty.dt. 24/promptly headed for the United Slates..v;,. - :;j- Baek$lcm'd? was; interested.'in photogrciihy.-H'e, soon produced a paper, Velox, that utilized a special, colloidal chloride.bf silver. He set upi/in business as Nepera'Chemical Co. Ten years Later lie sold .the rights to his prbcess to George Eastman for one mil- .... lion dollars. J f,- * Baekeland, with the iristtricis'bf'a ffiue reseqrpher, went on experiirierifing. Like Charles Goodyear/he: ,es.- The successful business' continued to grow. . (Continued on'poge 5) .' - " - Three ws. The successful business continued .to grow.. {C&nUfmed.ori page 5) .'Three SPE S'.e'v i' QUICK LOOK (from paga 3) cooked up batches. In a home-made laboratory. In 1507 he was searching for a synthetic shellac. He hod mixed compounds'of phenol and formaldehyde. , He made his ..notes' and, proceeded to,.clean, upl ' Fiugairas..weU as'Indefatigable, he attempted to lemove a.thick' mixture from a test tube' by'heating The heat-hardened mixture, defied'every solvent he tried on tt: Baekeland had found'the, first; modern synthetic thermosetting plastics, material.' This resin shortly was called Bakelite after Its' discoverer. -: . Richard W. Seabury, general manager of the j Eccnton Rubber Manufacriiring Co..' ,now. Tech-Art Plastics Co., was' molding parts from reclaimed rubj her and he asked Baekeland for samples. .Seabury (.was seeking .a materied.with dielectric properties for electric'parts'manufacture;''He mixed Baekeland's reein with an asbestos fibre filler.' The result was the first, successful, molded phenolic employing, a filler ;for special properties. . The machine tcol industry, or more specifically fire press Manufacturers', Makers of tool room equip ment and builders of special purpose, machines and perishable tools, played an, essential part in the development of the plastics industry. It is difficult to realize that the first injection Mold- fing machine went,to work'in this country iess than fifteen years ago. It was German`designed and built. At the present time the first .four, builders of injection presses sell more'presses than all; the rest o! the world combined. "v Compression presses used in, the' plastics, rubber or.d plywood' industries are adaptations of metal, workingi. equipment.;" The long history of, press de velopment for metal stampings in. pajficulcn',;'permit-", ted relatively easy 'adaptation of both mdchanicctl and hydraulic presses'. for' compression molding; Since the lhermc&etting'ni(iter.idls'are,largely'used'cn compression presses', this,phase 'of the molding industry developed earlier than the injection presses, on which most of the thermoplastics are molded. The extrusion press for plastics is a direct descend ant of the machine developed before 1300 for,rubber.' Hnstance. Need k* j to Plypphen cd The standard tool room' machines--lathes, mills, planers, grinders, eic.f-are utilized by the plastics industry for molds, dies, .jigs and fixtures' exactly os any other industry. Among the special .machines utilized are duplicators, engravers,' inspection and testing machines. - high, wood jails* leaiw'ns^tyKoni jphen lino the idd al purpose. Gd* partment'at Detrf For finishing arid fabricating both 'standard and special machlnes .cmd equipment are used.- The drill press, the band saw; sanding, polishing, arid buffing machines arid wheels; are standard equipment. For tumbling, painting; pre-;and after-heating and drying mdfor low. pressure techniques, adapted or spbdal equipment ..Is'utilized. -v- a,srj*'r, t IG. Standard perishable; tools are. used'in Volume by plastics .Industry; .Newi deslgns for greater' effi- eienejr in'ffiSsjihig'pperdtibnS are appebririg.- y (side, Sfaikiifltoi ,* . T^2 -- llrfr*' i*os*is -ew"l Two. .v^;^^gMf'fapto.t^a(,^em^sbct^'.ihgt "te plasticf.lridUstry' is 'cqmlrig'irilp.Its own1 must be' menfioried here.' the first is .that'sbddai't6*^? cmd_ , inspection equipment and machines are finding their way into the processing shops and plants,. The second Is that production'1arid quality" control meth;ods and'techniques are being made; a part of the stemdard. operating ."procedure In more and more shops and-.dqxi^erils.'v 'The wari period saw. ".ihe plastics `industry; grow . tremendously. ` iWhen the full story of the contribu tion', of plastics lo.the wear" effort is told, it will be orie that every merriber of the.industry will have reason io be proud of. The productibri of plastics expanded, six-fold during the war period. Techniques,' that might have taken ten years.to, develop, were pushed forward,' shared and perfected. Caught up in the spirit and held to the necessity, , the" plastics Indus try,, to'-baraphrase cm Air Corps boast, did the im possible: immediately and took only a little longer .-to achieve the Miraculous. The postwar period has been one ol many dif ficulties. Some' have, been overcome, others are still with us. The.year 1346 had both achievements arid - disappolrilMents. The production rate o! ma terials reached a peak in August when an increase of 40 per cent over iKe approximate 300,000.000 pounds produced M 1345 was reached. This rale, due to the cumulative, effects of the two coal arid the steel strikes and subsequent serious shutdowns in the' nidtefiais 'making plants,, has' dropped .to not much more than half the peak rate."A reliable es timate, recently made, is that the'current production is about double ihe 1941 fate (which was approxi- (Continued cn page 7) PLASTIC iNJECTidN MOLDING ? Material and press time available'fdr quick deliveries. New fooling can be started imme diately. 'T Only 5 minutes from the show. Stop in and see us. STERLING INDUSTRIES 413 N. FRANKLIN $T, CHICAGO' i(i ILLINOIS Superior 5395 Five QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Everybody runs 'into trouble,- even.'fit the plastics business; and. when, that^ happerisrinehjcesf'thing in ihe world'is' to have someone Handy who can iMiRdJsiiiuiusauaiL Detroit HasXmas With SJP.L . On Friday, December I3lh fhe Detroit Section of ^ SPE held a joint Christmas party wilvh> "t--he--TD-el--tro-i3t ' m