Document 71JOr4m14XmV7N6v512Dvmw7j

* s\ 't .'Ak K H i..r."-r+^ \ i. <- . -- r_, -- '* Ji i J* TE C H N CAL BULLETIN THE AROCLOR SB Is m r i i POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS Dielectrics for Capacitors & Transformers TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/IR DSW 434466 STLCOPCB4087573  t4 * . \ - f ~ . . THE AROCLOR POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS Dielectrics for Capacitors & Transformers TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/IR '! 5 ij t "Nothing contained herein is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with any patent. MONSANTO MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE FITNESS OR MERCHANTABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT REFERRED TO, no guarantee of satisfactory results from reliance upon contained information or recommendations, and disclaims all liability for any resulting loss or damage." MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS CO., an operating unit of Monsanto Company 800 No. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. 63166 DSW 434467 STLCOPCB4087574 V * /' \J*a\ Table of Contents GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHART. . 4 ELECTRICAL APPLICATION OF AROCLOR. . 7 Dielectrics for Askarel Type Capacitors and Transformers ....... 7 Expansion Medium........................................... 10 Appendix Solubility Table........................................... 11 Vapor Pressure....................................................... 12 Vaporization Rates.................... 13 Corrosion Resistance of Structural Materials. . 14 Viscosity Table....................................................... 15 Density Table..................... .16 Dermatology & Toxicity.......................................... 17 Proper Handling of PCB's......................................18 Safe Handling....................................................... 19 Shipping Information.............................. 19 Ask your Man from Monsanto for additional Aroclor literature: Askarel Inspection and Maintenance Guide Aroclor Plasticizers Technical Bulletin Thermal FR Fluid Heat Systems Engineering Heat Transfer Data Aroclor, Therminol, Sterox, Santomerse, Formvar, Lustran, and Resinox are registered trademarks of Monsanto Company. DSW 434468 2 STLCOPCB4087575 I V** ' r'> lM.1 L - i i. What are the Aroclor Polychlorinated Polyphenyls These compounds are a series of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated polyphenyls. They range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crystals and hard transparent resins. Aroclor is non-oxidizing, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility, and non corrosive to metals. Aroclor is not hydrolyzed by water, alkalis, or acids. The viscous liquids and resins will not support combustion when heated alone, and they impart fire-resistance to other materials. Crystalline Aroclor is relatively insoluble, but the liquid and resinous compounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols; 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. The following table describes the properties of twelve Aroclor chlori nated compounds, each of which is representative of a series. DSW 434469 3 STLCOPCB4087576 - > .Mi General Physical Properties of the Aroclor Chlorinated Compounds Form.......................................................... . Aroclor 1221 Colorless mobile oil Color............................................................ Acidity -- Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gm.)... Average Coefficient of Expansion___cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity............................... ......... Pounds per gallon -- 25C(77F).......... . Distillation Range -- ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C.................................................... 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00071 (15-40C) 1.182-1.192 (25/15.5C) 9.85 275-320 Evaporation Loss -- % --- ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C............................................... 5 hrs. 100C............................................... 6 hrs. Flash Point -- Cleveland Open Cup........... C F Fire Point -- Cleveland Open Cup..............C F Pour Point -- ASTM D-97......................... C F Softening Point -- ASTM E-28...................C F -- 1.0 to 1.5 141-150 286-302 176 349 Crystals at 1C Crystals at 34 F -- -- Refractive Index -- D-line -- 20C................ Viscosity -- Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) Sec. (ASTM - D-88) 130F (54.4C) 100F (37.8C) HONE indicctM -- "No fir* point up to boiling Umporaturo" 1.617-1.618 30-31 35-37 38-41 Aroclor 1232 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.270-1.280 (25/15.5C) 10.55 290-325 Aroclor 1242 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.381-1.392 (25/15.5C) 11.50 325-366 -- 1.0 to 1.5 152-154 305-310 238 460 -35.5 -32 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 176-180 348-356 None* -19 2 -- --. 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 44-51 '-- -- 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 82-92 Aroclor 1248 Colorless to light yellowgreen, clear, mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.405-1.415 (650/15.5C) 12.04 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 193-196 379-384 None -7 19.4 -- -- 1.630-1.631 36-37 73-80 185-240 Aroclor 1254 Light yellow viscous oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.495-1.505 (65/15.5C) 12.82 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 None None 10 50 -- -- 1.639-1.641 44-48 260-340 1800-2500 DSW 434470 4 STLCOPCB4087577 *s * . v*. ./ * ,** i, 4 1* * /.7r>,. OO OO o *TTPr^ t,i Aroclor 1260 Light yellow soft sticky resin 50 max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.555-1.566 (90/15.5C) 13.50 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 None None 31 -- 1.647-1.649 72-78 3200-4500 Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00064 (25-65C) 1.572-1.583 (90/15.5C) 13.72 395-425 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 35-38 99 -- 1.6501-1.6517 86-100 600-850 (160F or 71C) Aroclor 1268 White to off-white powder 1.5 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.804-1.811 (25725C) 15.09 Aroclor 4465 Light-yellow, clear, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 (25725-C) 13.91 435-450 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 None 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None None -- --. -- -- 150 to 170 (hold pt.) 302 to 338 (hold pt.) -- -- -- 60 to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266F or 130*C) -- Aroclor 5442 Yellow transparent sticky resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00123 (25-99C) 1.470 (25725C) 12.24 215-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477 >350 >662 46 115 46 to 52 115 to 126 -- 300-400 -- Aroclor 5460 Clear, yellowto-amber, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 (25725 C) 13.91 Aroclor 2565 Black, opaque, brittle resin ___ 1.4 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 (25/25C) 14.44 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260--5 hrs.) None 0.2 to 0.3 -- None None None ---- ---- 98 to 105.5 208 to 222 1.660-1.665 -- -- 66 to 72 149 to 162 -- -- -- DSW 434471 5 STLCOPCB4087578 Stability Toward Alkalies -- Aroclor is remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. It is not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids -- Experiments were made to determine whether hydro gen chloride is evolved during the treatment of Aroclor with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal vol ume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which would give a precipitate of silver chloride if any HC1 came in contact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treating flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with concentrated sulfuric acid indicated negligible effect. Toward Oxidation -- When Aroclor is subjected to a bomb test at 140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. Electrical Resistivity Aroclor has extremely interesting electrical characteristics: high resis tivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric constant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. Solubility All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water. They are sol uble, however, in most of the common solvents, plasticizers, and resins. DSW 434472 6 STLCOPCB4087579 Electrical Applications of Aroclor Aroclor is one of the purest commercial chemical compounds, virtually free of even traces of conducting impurities. For this reason, dielectric properties of Aroclor closely approximate the theoretical maximum for these particular organic compounds. With its stability, heat-resistance and fire-resistance -- Aroclor can be used for a variety of heavy-duty dielectric applications, in hermetically sealed systems. Dielectrics for Askarel Type Capacitors and Transformers Aroclor is used per se in capacitors and is formulated for the liquid coolant-insulation fluids in transformers. Such dielectrics must be highly pure with dependably minimal traces of electrolytes. They must be chemically stable and non-corrosive to a wide variety of structural materials. Most important, the dielectric fluid must be fire-resistant. Aroclor is the only liquid in low cost commercial supply that meets these exacting requirements. Aroclor liquids 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260 are used directly, or are carefully formulated with chlorinated benzene and other additives to make askarel fluid for particular needs. Typical formulated askarel fluids are shown on the following pages. Aroclor liquids 1242 and 1254, themselves or in special formulations, are used as the dielectric in fixed paper capacitors, for the power factor correction in utility transmission lines; for home appliances such as air conditioners, furnaces, washers and driers; for electric motors; and for ballast in fluorescent fixtures. There are also a number of applications in DC systems, in condensers, and the new energy storage capacitors. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (1) Aroclor 25C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm-cm at 100C, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500x109 Greater than 35 KV 1248 5.6 4.6 Above 500xl09 Greater than 35KV 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1268 2.5 -- 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500x10s 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 (1) ASTM D-I50-47T (2) ASTM 0-257-46 (3) ASTM 0-149-44 (4) ASTM 0-I50-47T Power Factor (4) 100C, 1,000 Cycles <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% ' -DSW 434473 STLCOPCB4087580 Typical Transformer Askarel (MIXTURE OF AROCLOR AND CHLOROBENZENES) Property Vise. @ 37.8 C. (ASTM D88) Spec. Gravity @ 15.5/15.5C., (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt., C., (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index @ 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure First drop 35% 55% 65% 95% Corrosion Water Content, ppm. Resistivity, 100C., 500v., 0.1* gap Dielectric Strength, 25C. Dielectric Constant, 100C., 1000 cycles* Tin Tetraphenyl* Burn Point, (ASTM D92)* Fixed Chlorine* Arc Formed Gases* (Oxygen Free Liquid 25C.) Electrical Stability* "Determined by special request. Typical 41-45 Sec. Saybolt Univ. 1.563-1.571 150 max. Clear 0.01 max. --44C., or lower 0.10 max. 1.6075-1.6085 210C., min. 240-256C. 290-330C. 385-400 C. 395-415C. After heating with aluminum for 6 hrs. @ 200-220C., the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection. The askarel fluid meets the following specifications: Color, APHA 200 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 5 max. Condition Clear 30 max. 100 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 35 KV., min. 3.8-4.2 0.125% + 0.01% by weight None up to Boiling Point 60.5 0.5 Total combustible gases including carbon monoxide, hydro gen and volatile hydrocarbons. After heating for 96 hours @ 100C in a closed container, the resistivity should not decrease more than 10%.v i DSW 434474 8 STLCOPCB4087581 Typical Capacitor Aroclor Properly Vise. @ 37.8 C. (ASTM D88) Specific Gravity @ 25/15.5 C (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt., C. (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index @ 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure Corrosion Water Content, ppm Resistivity 100C. 500 volts DC @ 0.1' gap Dielectric Constant 10QC. @ 1000 cycles (ASTM D924) Flash Point Cleve. Open Cup* Fire Point C.* Sulfates (ASTM-D117-31)* Fixed chlorine content (Carius)* Specific Heat @ 25 C.* Evaporation @ 100C for 6 hrs.* Dielectric Strength (KV) (ASTM D877)* Typical 82-92 seconds Saybolt Univ. 1.381-1.392 50 max. Clear 0.01 max. --14 or lower 0.10 max. 1.6240-1.6260 10% 325C. min. 90% 360C. max. After heating with aluminum for six hours at 210C 10C the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection and the Aroclor 1242 should meet the following specs.: Color, APHA 60 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 0.10 max. Condition Clear 35 max. 500 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 4.7-4.9 170C., min. None to boiling point None 41.5-42.5% 0.29 0.4% max. 35 Min. Determined by special request. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT VS. TEMPERATURE Aroclor 1242 & Aroclor 1254 -40 -20 O 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE CENTIGRADE COURTESY OF THE JOURNAL OF FRANKLIN INSTITUTE AND BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES DSW 434475 9 STLCOPCB4087582 b&ju HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLOR LIQUIDS at Various Temperatures CALORIES (15C) PER GRAM PER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AROCLOR 1248 Temperature C. F. 30 90 60 140 100 212 BTU./Hr./Sq. Ft/ F./Ft 0.0680 0.0687 0.0697 Calories, gram/Sec./ Sq.Cm./C./Cm. 281 x 10-6 284 x 10-6 288 x 10--6 The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was determined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 [1 + a (t -- ti).] The coefficient a, has been calculated at 100F increments as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 . The specific volume of aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Specific Volume m(/gm 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 DSW 434476 10 STLCOPCB4087583 * : - yLfI SOLUBILITY OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS IN 100 MILLILITERS OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS Aroclor Type of Solvent 1242 25C Hot Acid Acetic Acid................................. Oleic Acid.................................... Benzoic Acid.............................. S S 10.0 31C Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde................. Furfural....................................... 1 VS Amine Aniline......................................... s Pyridine...................................... 132.5 30-c Chloro -- derivatives Amyl chlorides--mixed........... Carbon Tetrachloride.............. Chloroform................................. Dichlorethylene......................... Ethylene Dichloride.................. Monochlorobenzene................ Orthodichlorobenzene............ Tetrachlorethane...................... Trichlorethane........................... Trichlorethylene........................ S S s -- s s -- s s s Drying Oil Tung Oil...................................... Linseed Oil................................. s s Ester Amyl Acetate........................... Butyl Acetate............................. Cellosolve Acetate.................... Cottonseed Oil........................... Dibutyl Phthalate..................... Diethyl Phthalate...................... Ethyl Acetate............................. Ethyl Lactate.............................. Ethylene Glybol Diacetate.... Methyl Acetate.......................... Tricresyl Phosphate................. s s s s s s s s s s s Ether: Ethyl Ether........................ s Ether Alcohol Carbitol*...................................... Cellosolve................................... Diethylene Glycol...................... p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether... 224 31C s -- 16.9 23c Hydrocarbon Benzene...................................... Gasoline...................................... Kerosene..................................... Mineral Spirits........................... Paraffin............. ......................... Pine Oil........................................ Toluene....................................... Turpentine.................................. Xylene........................................' vs vs vs vs 2.0 27.5C s vs vs vs Hydroxy--derivatives Amyl Alcohol.............................. n-Butyl Alcohol.......................... Ethyl Alcohol (3-A)................... Glycerine..................................... Methyl Alcohol.......................... Phenol--90%............................. s s 23.3 29C 1 42.5 29C 194 30C Ketone Acetone....................................... S Miscellaneous Carbon Disulfide....................... Nitrobenzene............................. Water........................................... s s 1 S S -- 1 VS s 440 99C s S s -- s s -- s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s 307 99C s -- 19 Mc vs vs vs vs s s vs vs vs s s 80.0 70C 88.5 609C s s s s 1 1248 25C Hot -- --. 10.0 32cc -- -- -- 11 vs vs -- -- -- -- ss ss ss ---- ss ss ---- ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss vs vs ss -- -- ss ss vs vs vs vs 2.0 28C vs vs vs vs -- -- 1 .-- -- vs vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs _ -- -- 1 -- -- ---- -- -- 1 -- -- 1 1254 25C Hot 1270 Cold Hot 4465 5460 Cold Hot 25C s s -- -- ss s s s -- -- s vs -- -- -------- 1 1 ,111 vs vs ss ss vs vs s 114 31C s 425 1008C -- -- -- vs vs -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s 3.7 -- vs vs 156 s s -- -- vs vs -- -- 3.0 -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s 2.9 -- vs vs -- -- -- -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s 3.3 -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs ss vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s -- . -- vs vs s s -- -- s vs s s -- -- s vs s s -- -- s vs s s ---- s vs s s -- -- vs vs s s -- -- vs vs s s ---- s s s s-- ss s s s s s s-- 173 26C s -- 8 30C 259 98C s -- 10 iooc -- -- -- ss --s-- --s-- -- ss . -- vs vs 3.5 vs vs -- vs - vs -- vs vs -- -- s-- s s --- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs . -- -- vs vs 143 -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- <5.0 s --s s -- vs vs 142 -- vs vs -- vs vs 178 s s 10 27C 1 1 5 26*C ss s s s 1 s s 28 75C 1 22.2 65*C s s s s 1 -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- 1 s -- ss -- ss 11 -- ss --s --s -- --1 vs vs 1 s s -- 1 -- s s 260 vs -- 1 I -- Insoluble S -- Soluble SS -- Slightly Soluble VS -- Very Soluble Figures show grams of Aroclor per 100 milliliters of solvent at 25C unless otherwise indicated. *Carbitol is a trademark ol Union Carbide and Carbon Co. DSW 434477 s i f. i 11 STLCOPCB4087584 VAPOR PRESSURE OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 :ilJ VAPOR PRESSURE -- mm MERCURY TEMPERATURE DEGREES C DSW 434478 12 STLCOPCB4087585 BATES LABEL NOS. DSW 434479 through 434518 NOT USED STLCOPCB4087586 2M\ VAPORIZATION RATES Sample Wt. Loss Gms. Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 42% chlorinated paraffin dioctyl phthalate Dutrex* 25 Aroclor 1254 Dutrex 20 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1260 . Aroclor 4465 Aroclor 1270 Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 Tricresyl phosphate 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 Dutrex is a registered trademark of the Shell Oil Co. Hours Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm.2 Vaporization Rate gms./cm.2hr./100C 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 APPROXIMATE VAPOR PRESSURES CALCULATED AT 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 0.005 mm. Hg. 0.001 mm. Hg. 0.00037 mm. Hg. 0.00006 mm. Hg. DSW 434519 13 STLCOPCB4087587