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;88tH Congress, 1st Session Hom iI 19 6 1 Volume I of Three V METALS AND MIN (Except Fuels) i \\ Prepared by the staff of the BUREAU OF MINES DIVISION OF MINERALS Charles W. Merrill, Chief N49786 764 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1961 crystalline phase at temperatures above 1,400 C. Sodium fluoride WHi1h effect,ve additive for control of the secondary expansion." sinVerin teniIi?watUkej-tr0ngr,,b ancI eIastic properties for relatively pure Tt * ed TrI't!ub0d.es of 3:2 and 2:1 alumina-silica ratios were determined for the range from room temperature to 1,200 C 12 s,,S1'trSrUP ,n,nerals and ^thetic aluminum silicates were 2*000 Cfc Prfvin?3 UP t0 W,ooo atmospheres, and temperatures to rano'e of'som ^lT'0' h"? ,bpen llmiled to Pressures in the ol <50,000 atmospheres and temperatures of about 1 500 O marsin^ct * ,v. SlnUTcd Mulllta Bodies. J. Am. 736l'7--^cncraMBlectrlc^Coiniwn^RM^'arch Labor^ory^* Con,Crat:iyA-F- 336lej^M^'p'r'cjcct 735itTm Lead By Richard N. Spencer,1 Edith E. den Harto Contents Legislation ami Government pro grams 765 Domestic production__________ Mining 768 Smelting and refining_____ Consumption and uses_________ Lead pigments____________ Stocks 781 Prices 783 Page Foreign t World re 768 North Am South A 772 Europe__ 776 Asia i 7 778 Africa Oceania Technolo INE output of recoverable lead incr M duction of lead at primary refiner in 1961; production at secondary sm tion of lead in battery uses and in le increased 4 percent; most other items of slightly to moderately. Import quotas the entire year. Some barter transaction from two foreign countries, and partial The price of common grade lead (New Yo cents a pound until November 1 when It dropped again, to 10 cents, on Novemb small gain brought the price to 10.25 ce remainder of the year. LEGISLATION AND GOVERNM Import quotas established in October without revision through 1961. The U.S mitted a report to the President on Octo Executive Order 10401, to advise conce trade pertinent to lead and zinc quotas as procedure. The Tariff Commission reporte __________ i Com?no(lUy specialist. Division of Minerals. * Statistical assistant. Division of Minerals. Figures on Imports and exports cornpllod bv Mae B. Price a Activities, Bureau of Mines, from records of tne U.S. Departm 766 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1901 TABLE 1.--Salient lead statistics 1962-56 (overage) 1957 1958 1050 I960 1961 United States: Production: Domestic ores, recoverable lead content................... short tons.. Value......................... thousands.. Priraory lead (roflned): From domestic ores and base bullion........ .... short ions.. From foreign ores and base bullion............. short tons.. Antlmonfal lead (primary lend content)................ short tons.. Becondnry lead (lead content) ,, Imports, cenorot: short tons.. Lead In oros and malto ,,, short tons.. Lead In base bullion.......... do___ Lead In pigs, bars, and old _, short tons.. Exports of refined pig lead., do . Stocks Dec. 31 (lead content): At primary smelters and refin eries......................... short tons.. At consumer plants........... <lo___ Consumption of metal, primary and secondary........short tons.. Price: New York, common lead, average, cents per nmmd World* Production: Mine.................. . Smelter--........................................ Price: London, common Icad/ov* erage, cents per pound.............. 349,815 (103,218 340, 792 148,992 10, ICO 489, 662 100, J 50 260 332, 720 1,638 110.020 120,477 1,169,926 16.03 2,190,000 13.42 338,210 (96, 730 347,075 185.858 10,870 480, 220 108,470 84 333, 402 4,330 143,010 129,310 1,138,115 14. CO 2.640.000 2, 615,000 12.05 207,377 $62,500 269,082 201,074 10,440 401,787 201, 599 400 375,022 1,359 234,200 122,900 986,387 12.11 2, 600` 000 0.13 255. 580 *58, 785 225,270 115,061 12,402 461,387 138,834 80 271.095 2, 750 171,079 12C, 490 1,091,149 12.21 2,410,000 8.83 $67, 722 226,690 153, 537 2,385 400,003 l 145,092 293 213,071 1,907 250,142 97,208 1,021,172 11.95 2, 650, 000 0.04 $53,966 288,078 161,487 24,906 462,793 147,188 423 201,704 2,133 99; 140 1,027,218 10.87 Z. OOU, 1AJU 2,000,000 8.03 1 Revised figure. not altered sufficiently to justify relaxing the protective measures in effect and that a formal investigation was not warranted. Surplus agricultural barter contracts were negotiated with Canada for 55,000 tons of lead and with Australia for 50,000 tons of lead by U.S. Department of AgricuJturo, Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). .Thcso contracts were made in exchange for agreements by producers in those two countries to curtail lead production in 1961. No acquisitions of lead were rnado for the national (strategic) stockpile. A bill to subsidize small lead-zinc mines became Public Law 87-347 on October 3, 1961 after being passed by both Houses of Congress and approved by President Kennedy. The law calls for subsidy payments to small producers (less than 3,000 tons combined lead and zinc) amounting to 75 percent of the difference between 14J( cents per pound of lead and the market price for common lead at New York. The maximum amount of payments which may be made under this Act during its 4-year duration was specified as $16,500,000. No funds had been appropriated by yearend to implement this program. The Office of Minerals Exploration (OME), which limited Govern ment participation to 50 percent of the approved costs and a maxi mum of $250,000 for any one contract, continued its program of assistance for long-range exploration and received 25 applications ' for assistance for lead-bearing ore deposits. Five new contracts were executed, authorizing total expenditures of $350,410, of which LEAD the maximum Government participation wa applications received in 1961 were denied, f Two OME contracts were terminated. Two Defense Minerals Exploration Administration to OME, were terminated. One discovery w a total of 95 certified discoveries or developm ore under tho DMEA-OME program. The International Lead-Zinc Study Group m in Mexico City, Mexico, from March 20 to 24 an in Geneva, Switzerland, from October 18 to 2 continued its efforts to find generally acceptabl world production and consumption more nearly third session, delegations from sovoral countri tention of curtailing lead production during 19 ties. At yearend, it was evident that few of the in lead production were effected; free-world lea substantially over that of 1960, while consump thus leaving a substantial increase in lead sto to this growing imbalance was a series of pri year. No solution to the problem seemed fo however, the Lead-Zinc Study Group continu an equitable solution and continued its statisti too 90 ----- 0 1-- United Slot** percent of world product! on j 1 708 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1961 DOMESTIC PRODUCTION MINE PRODUCTION Mines in the United States produced 262,000 short tons of recover able lead in 1961., 8,000 tons less than in 1900. Since 1900, only in 1959 and I960 was mine production less than that of 1961. Produc tion increased considerably during the first and second quarters (compared to the two preceding quarters), then decreased in both the third and fourth quarters. Production in 1901 was 0 percent more than in 1900. Mine output was not materially affected by labor strikes during the year. The /our largest producing States were Missouri, 98,800 short tons; Idaho, 71,500 tons; Utah, 40,900 tons; and Colorado, 17,800 tons. Mines in these four States produced 229,000 tons or 87 percent of the total U.S. output. The remaining 13 percent came from 16 States. Major producers in these minor producing States, with a combined total of 26,100 tons and representing about 10 percent of total out put, were mines in Washington, Arizona, Virginia, Illinois, Montana, and New Mexico. Missouri remained the major lead producing State; output of mines of the Southeast Missouri Lead Belt was 38 percent of the U.S. total. Missouri production was 12 percent less than that during 1960. Extensions of the Southeast Missouri lead belt were receiving more favorable mining-company interest than any oilier U.S. area contain ing lead resources. Fifteen or more major mining firms had acquired leases or had purchased property for exploration. Most of this exploration was south of the Viburnum district, some as many as 30 miles south. Although little reliable news of exploration results had been mado public, it was known that significant new discoveries had been made in the area east of Bunker. The imbalance of lead TABLE 2.--Mine production of recoverable lead in the United States, by States (Short tons) State 1062-6* 1067 1968 1959 I960 1961 (average) Arizona..................................... Arkansas................................... California................................. Colorado................................... Kentucky.................................. Missouri................................... Monona................................... Nevada...................................... New Mexico............................. New York................................. Oklahoma................................. Utah.......................................... Virginia..................................... Washlneton.............................. Wisconsin ............................. Other States................... .......... Total............................... 11.230 12.441 14 8.019 ......... i'M' 21.0*1 21.003 69. 223 71.037 3.852 2.970 6, 286 4.267 84 411 125,017 126.346 18.314 13,300 4. 775 5.070 4.038 6,204 I, 277 I, 007 39 13.024 7.183 47, 342 44.471 3, 387 3.143 10.949 12.734 1. 977 26 11 .90104 349.816 338,216 11.800 140 14,112 63. 603 1.610 1,299 516 113.123 8,434 4,160 1.117 679 3.692 40,355 2. 034 9,020 3 267,377 0,000 38 227 12.007 62. 396 2,670 481 409 ^7."072 1,357 829 481. 601 36,630 2. 770 265,586 .8.495 440 18,0*0 42. 907 558 111,948 4,870 987 1.990 775 424 936 30.398 2.152 7,725 1,165 23 246,609 6,937 103 17,765 71.476 2,043 I, 791 2.332 879 318 980 40.804 3. 733 8.053 680 27 261,021 LEAD 770 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1961 production and consumption, with the attendant low lead metal price, tended to slow exploration; however, most or all of the mining firms were retaining their leases, and some were acquiring exploration rights in new areas. The Bonne Terre mine of St. Joseph Lead Co., which started operating in 1864, closed in August because of low metal prices and exhaustion of commercial ore reserves; the company also closed its National mine for the same reasons. However, lead mine production of St. Joseph Lead Co. was kept nearly constant by new mine pro duction from the Viburnum district. The second shaft of the Vi burnum Project, No. 28, was completed and ready for production at yearend. National Lead Co. closed its mine and mill at Fredrick town, Mo., on January 31. , Idaho again placed second as a lead-producing State. Mine output increased substantially over that of 1960 as production was uninter rupted by strikes, and was greater than it had been for several years. The Bunker Hill Co. operations were maintained at an accelerated pace for several months after the 7}$-month labor strike of 1960; then in May production was reduced to a more normal level. The Bunker Hill Co. started an extensive and accelerated 5-year program of mine development. Most of the other mines in the Idaho Coeur d'Alene district maintained a stable rate of production; however, the Hercules mine of Day Mines, Inc., was allowed to fill partly with water because extensive exploration had not been successful. Lead output of Utah was slightly more than in 1960. Deposits of lead ore, mainly in the Tinlic and Park City districts, were being explored. Development by Bear Creek Mining Co., domestic explora tion affiliate of Kennecott Copper Corp., of the newly discovered Tin tic lead-zinc-silver ore body, was reported to have proven about 1.5 million tons of high grade ore. In United Park City Mines Co. Daly Judge mine, a high-grade silver-lead-copper-zinc ore body was found. Grand Deposit Mining Co. encountered a high-grade silvcrlead-copper-zinc ore body below the Wasatch drainage tunnel in the Alta district near Salt Lake City. Regular production of 70 to 100 tons per day of lead-zinc-copper ore came from the section of the Ophir Hill mine, explored under a DMEA contract by McFarland and Hullinger of Tooele, Utah. Output of lead from mines in Colorado remained nearly the same as in 1960. The Silverlon Project of Standard Metals Corp., to open the Shenandoah-Dives and Sunnyside mines, continued as planned. TABLE 4.--Mine production of recoverable lead in the United States, by months (Short tons) Mouth I960 1961 Month I960 1901 January..................................... February.................................. March....................................... April......................................... May..................................... July........................................... 21, 423 22,770 25.600 24.105 20,871 19,080 16,413 23,305 20,948 24,681 22,008 22,867 23,070 10,695 October............... ,,.................. November................................. Total 19, 857 18.2G8 18.339 19.089 20,152 240,069 23.011 20,822 21,327 20,405 19, 792 261,921 LEAD The low-level American Tunnel was complet made with the workings of the Sunnyside. three new veins containing ore deposits; ex evaluate these bodies and to prepare the k Sunnyside for production. The Leadville sm and Refining Co., closed and was dismantled period of Colorado mining history. The E Jersey Zinc Co. at Gilman, the San Migu Mining Co., the Emperius Mining Co. opera of Rico Argentine Mining Co. at Rico, and Ouray, of Camp Bird Colorado, Inc., contin significant contributors to the Colorado lead The Iron King mine of Shattuck-Denn Mi leading lead-producing mine in Arizona. Harshaw district and the Pride of the Wes district yielded lead-containing ores that we concentrator of the Harshaw district. The Pend Oreille mine of Pend Oreille M the Grandview mine of American Zinc, Le mained the leading lead-producing mines i TABLE 6.--Twenty-five leading lead-producing m 1961, in order of outpu Rank Mine District or region State Federal.. Hunker TTI1I....... United Stales & Lork. Leadwood........... Viburnum........ Indian Creek... Lucky Friday. Star....... Idnrado. 10 Pago. Southeastern Missouri. Coeur d'Alene... West Mountain (Bingham). Southeastern Missouri. ___do................. . ___do................. . Coeur d'Alene... ___do................ Upper 8an ML gucl. Coeur d'Alene. Missouri. Idaho. Utah.. Missouri. ___do.. ___do.. Idaho.. do Colorado.. Idabo....... 8t Th U 8t Lu Th Id A 11 Pend Oreille........ 12 Bonne Terre........ 13 United Park City M Iron King............. 15 Eagle..................... 16 AustlnvWe and Ivnnhoe Mines. 17 Mayflower Unit.. 18 Camp Bird.......... 10 Sunshine... 20 Emperius... 21 Grandview. 22 Llncbburg Group 23 Oray..................... 24 Three Kids.. 25 Opblr Uult.. Metallne....... . Southeastern Missouri. Blue Ledge... Big Bug............... Red Cliff (Battle Mountain). Austlnvllle........... Blue Ledge. 8neffcls........ Coeur d'Alene. Creede.............. Metallne........... Magdalena.. Upper Missis sippi Valley. Las Vegas......... Opblr................ Washington. P Missouri___ S Utah............ U Arizona........ S Colorado___ T Virginia....... .... Utah........ Colorado.. N C Idaho........... S Colorado___ E Washington. A New Mexico. T Illinois.......... Nevada.. Utah___ T M U 772 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1901 Mining and Dredging Co. started exploration and development of the Electric Point and Bechtol mines in Stevens County; satisfactory re sults of exploration may result in lead production from these mines. Montana lead production remained low throughout the year, largely because of the continued inactivity of The Anaconda Co. zinc mines in Butte. New Mexico lead production increased 17 percent over that of 1960 to 2,300 tons, resulting from additional output at the Hanover and Linchburg mines operated by The New Jersey Zinc Co. The 4 percent of U.S. lead output from States east of the Mississippi River was recovered largely as a byproduct of zinc mining. Cali fornia, Nevada, Kansas, and Oklahoma produced a total of 4,300 tons, almost 2 percent of the U.S. output. The 25 leading lead-producing mines in the United States in 1961 accounted for 92 percent of total domestic output; the 10 leading mines yielded 75 percent, and the 4 largest mines 47 percent. SMELTER AND REFINERY PRODUCTION Refined lead was produced in the United States from domestic and foreign sources at primary refineries that mainly treated base bullion, small quantities of scrap, and intermediate primary smelter products. Some antimonial (hard) lead was produced at primary refineries. The principal product of secondary smelter-refineries was antimonial lead because a large portion of the market was for storage battery lead, and the major secondary smelter feed source was from easily reclaimed battery scrap. Refined pig lead and lead-tin and other alloys formed 31 and 69 percent, respectively, of total secondary lead production. Three smelters, five combination smelter-refineries, and two re fineries comprised the primary lead production facilities in the United States. The Leadville, Colo. (Arkansas Valley) smelter of American Smelting and Refining Co., which had operated nearly continuously since its construction in 1879, closed in January 1961 and was dis mantled. A list of domestic primary lead smelters and refineries can be found in the Lead chapter of the 1960 Minerals Yearbook. The only change is deletion of Leadville (Arkansas Valley) smelter of American Smelting and Refining Co. Major secondary smelting firms that report to the Bureau of Mines are listed: American Smelting and Refining Co. (including Federated Metals Division) plants: Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Selby, Calif. Whiting, Ind. Omaha, Nebr. Newark and Perth Amboy, N.J. Houston, Tex. Bers & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. The Bunker Hill Co., Seattle, Wash. Continental Smelting & Refining Co., McCook, 111. Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Goldsmith Bros. Division of National Lead Co., Chicago, 111. Gopher Smelting & Refining Co., St. Paul, Minn. Imperial Type Metals Co. plants: Chicago, III., and Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial Metal Melting Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md. Inland Metals Refining Co., Chicago, 111. LEAD p Inc., and Master Metals, Inc.) plants: Los Angeles, Calif. Atlanta, Ga. Chicago and Granite City, III. Indianapolis, Ind. Topeka, Kans. Baltimore, Md. Boston and Fitchburg, Mass. St. Louis Park, Minn. St. Louis, Mo. Fremont and Omaha, Nebr. Perth Amboy, N.J. Depew, N.Y. ,. Cincinnati and Cleveland, Ohio. Portland, Oreg. Pittsburgh, Pa. Dallas and Houston, Tex. National Metal & Smelting Co., Fort Worth, Tex. North American Smelting Co., W ilmington, Del. Price Battery Corp., Hamburg, Pa. Revere Smelting A Refining Co., Newark, N.J. Schuylkill Products Co., Baton Rouge, La. Southeastern Lead Go., Tampa, Ha. SUonuittehderSn taLteeasdSCmoe.,ltiDngallLaesn, dicR*e.finery, ,Inc., -Epastt CChhiiecaaegoo, Imnedt. Hyman Vicncr A Sons, Richmond, Va. Western Lead Products Co., City of ,B*.ry'Np Winston Lead Smelting Co., WiiiBton-Salem, N.C. Refined Lead-Primary and Secondary.-Domestic materials consumed for this production was 503,800 source of 61 perms of produced from primary source.; m .960 lh, pero Foreign ores and bullion supplied the remainder. Primary lead smelters also produced 1.569 tons of r scrap and econdary smelters 139,100 tons of lead m Refined and remelt'lead produced from all sources w RAntimon?al Lead-Primary and duction at primary and secondary smelters was 245 TABLE 6.--Refined, lead produced at primary refineries in the source material (Rhort tons) IOA2-50 1957 1958 19 (average) Bcflnpd lend: From primary sources: Domestic ores and base bullion.-. Total............................................. clfcEd 'value of primary 340.702 148.821 171 489. 784 4,099 493.883 SO.147 $143, 996 347.676 185.798 60 633.533 3.263 536. 796 $0.143 $152. 590 269.082 200.299 775 470. 156 2.338 472. 494 $0,117 $110,017 22 11 34 3s4 *7 ^Excludes value of refined le<l produoid Irom scrap si primary refineries. i 774 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1901 lend content of 230,500 tons; 33,200 tons from primary smellers, and 197,300 tons from secondary smelters. Scrap was the source of 25 percent of primary smelter output (mostly baltcry-lead plates); 39 percent came from domestic ores, and 3G percent came from foreign ores. Battery-lead plates accounted for 01 percent of the total leadbase scrap melted, and the major product from smelting scrap was antimomal lead. Other Secondary Lead.--Lead-base, copper-base and tin-base scrap were the source materials for recovering 452,800 tons of secondary lead, a 4-percent decrease from that of 1960. Secondary lead smelters recovered 91 percent of the total in 230 plants; primary lead smelters 2 percent in 4 plants; and manufacturers, foundries, and secondary copper smelters, 7 percent. TABLE 7.--Antimonial lead produced at primary lead refineries in the United ________ States Year Produc tion (short tons) Antimony content lx5ad content by difference fshort tons) Short tons From From Percent domestic foreign oro oro From scrap Total 1952-66 (average)......... ...... . 1957................................. 1958............................................. 1059....................... 10GO................................... 1961................................... 62. 264 07,780 60. 240 37. 487 30. 230 35,080 3.871 3.064 2.803 1.924 1.575 1.804 6.3 8.000 8.060 42.234 4.6 10.271 9. 44.852 6.6 8. 250 8.190 30. 007 6.1 6.447 6. 955 23. 101 6.2 5.4 1.216 12.988 1.169 11,978 20. 27U 8,220 68.393 64,723 47.443 35.663 28. 655 33,186 TABLE 8.--Stocks and consumption of new and old lead scrap in the United States in 1961 __ _____________________ (Short tons, gross weight) Class of consumers and type of scrap Smellers and refiners: Soft load........................................ Hard Irad......................... *.......... Coble lead................. Battery-lead plates___ Mixed common bnbhltt."..........' 8ohlcr nnd tinny lead................' Type nictnls................. Drosses and residues___ Total.......................................... Foundries and other manufacturers: Sell lead........................ Hard lead................... Cable lead..................... Battery-lead plates___ Mixed common babbitt.............. Solder and tinny lead___'........ I Typo metals.....................'.........* Drosses and residues___ Total........... .............................. Orand total: Soft load...................................... Borcl lead........... ................ ~ Cahle lend ............... .......*.* Bnitery-lcad plates..........*.........* Ml.rod common bnbhltt............I Solder and Mnuy lead................. Type metals.....................I...I.I Drosses and residues....II.I.Ill Total...... .................................. i Revised figures. Stocks Receipts Jon. 1 > Consumption New scrap Old scrap Total Stocks Dec, 31 3,479 052 1.054 18,102 1,144 434 1.794 18,052 45.611 49,883 16,053 30. 527 357,851 4,923 8,375 24,220 80.240 672.078 ... . . 82.099 82.099 60,717 16.661 30, 278 359.835 6,002 8, 579 24, 723 405. 485 60,717 15,6C| 30, 278 359,836 6,692 8, 679 24,723 82,099 577, 684 91 181 80 65 271 4 328 1,016 460 136 214 4 155 618 8,305 . 91 42 47 9, 890 182 327 188 139 M>7 8,297 60 9,508 463 192 139 607 8,297 92 9.690 2,645 1,344 1,903 16,118 376 230 1,297 16.193 40,105 88 203 102 166 279 3 376 1,216 3. 570 1.133 1.740 18.157 1.415 438 1,79t 18.380 46. 627 50.343 16. 267 30.682 358. 469 13, 228 8. 406 24. 226 80, 287 681.968 136 4 42 82.099 82.281 51.044 15. 840 30.417 360, 342 13.689 8. 629 24,723 5C4.993 61.180 15. 853 30.417 300.342 8.671 24,723 82,099 587,274 2. 733 1.547 2,005 16,284 233 1.297 16,668 41,321 LEAD TABLE 9.--Secondary metal recovered1 from lead a States in 1961. by type of prod (Short tons, gross weight) Refined pig lead. RetncU lend....... Total. Refined pig tin.. Remclttln............ Total.. Lead and tin alloys: Antimonial lead......... Common bnbhltt....... Genuine bnbhltt........ Solder......... ................. Tyne metals............... Came load................... Miscellaneous alloys.. Total.. Composition foil.............................. Tin content of chemical products.. Grand total. 110. 422 30. 247 140,600 206,609 14,715 67 23,204 30,362 24,729 1.209 209,002 440, 571 3,016 347 3,363 435 830 5,339262 1,767 63515 9,325 1,144 13,832 t Moat of the figures herein represent actual reported recovery of m TABLE 10.--Secondary lead recovered in (Short tons) 1952-66 1957 (average) 1 As refined metal: At primary plants.. At other plan Is...- Tola). Id antimonial lead: At primary plants. At other ij Ir d Ls ____ Total___ In other alloys.. Grand total: Quantity...--------value (thousands). 4.000 126,680 3. 263 123.308 126. 571 11 42.235 197. 491 239. 729 120.147 44. 852 195.299 240.151 122,607 3 16 1 10 480,552 480.220 40 $143,957 6139. 919 59 TABLE 11.--Lead recovered from scrap processed of scrap and form of recov (Short ton) Kind of scrap I960 1061 Form New scrap: Lead-base.... Copper-base. Tin-base....... Total:. 65. 850 6,214 436 61.500 Old scrap: Battery-lead plates............. All other lead-base.............. Copper-base......................... Tln-boso........... ................. 255. 879 134.011 18. 602 5 Total.. . 408.397 469.903 66.808 4, 981 466 62. 264 240.896 132, 495 17.142 5 390.638 452,792 As soft tend At prim At othe Tota fn antimon In oiber lea In copper-b in tin-base Tota Gran ", includes 25,270 Ions of lead recovered to antimonial lead from i960 and 8,220 tons In 1961. 776 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1901 CONSUMPTION AND USES According to the Federal Reserve Board, industrial activity, which had declined steadily through I960, began 1961 on a low ebb and rose consistently all year to a December level 13 percent higher than the previous ycarend; however, lead metal production was comparatively high for the first 4 months, decreased markedly during the second 4 months, and then rose substantially in the last 4 months: Producer stocks increased sharply during the first months, decreased during midyear, then rose again during the last 4 months. Total production increased 8 percent over 1960 to 927,300 tons, consumption increased slightly to 1,027,200 tons, producer und consumer stock inventories rose 4 percent to a new high of 361,200 tons, and prices dropped to a 15-year low in November because of an imbalance between production and consumption. Consumption decreased for 15 of the 25 major uses tabulated by the Bureau of Mines. Lead consumption in three of the largest uses increased over I960 us follows: batteries, 4 percent; tetraethyl lead, 4 percent; and calking lead, 1 percent. Use in red lead and in cable covering decreased 4 and 5 percent, respectively. Soft lend, primary and secondary, accounted for 65 percent of the total consumed, 26 percent was lead content of antimoninl lead, 4 percent was lend in alloys, 1 percent was lead in copper-base scrap, 3.5 percent was lead content of scrap that went directly to an end product, and 0.5 percent was lead recovered from ore in producing leaded zinc oxide and other pigments. Consumption varied greatly in the first 7 months from a low of 72,300 tons in July to a nigh of 89,700 tons in May. showing no distinguishable trend. Consumption in the last 5 months was unusually constant, varying only from a low of 89,700 tons in September to a high of 9.3,500 in October. Of the lead consumed during the year, 71 percent was used in metal products of which the major item was storage batteries using antimonial lead for grids and posts and soft lead for oxides (36 percent of all lead consumed). Tetraethyl lead, 98 percent of the chemicals classification, accounted for 17 percent of total lead consumption. Lead pigments accounted for 9 percent of lead consumption, and 76 percent of that was for the manufacture of red lead and litharge. Batteries and tetraethyl lead were related directly to the auto mobile industry; together they represented 53 percent of total lead consumption. The Association of Battery Manufacturers, Inc., reported ship ments of 28,276,000 units of replacement batteries or 7 percent more than in 1960( almost 3 percent more than the previous battery ship ment record in 1959. Nine States accounted for 73 percent of the total lead consumed (excluding scrap), as follows: New Jersey, 15 percent; Louisiana and Texas together, 13 percent; California, 10 percent; Illinois, 10 percent; Indiana, 9 percent; Pennsylvania, 6 percent; Missouri, 5 percent; and New York, 5 percent. LEAD TABLE 12.--Lead consumption in the United States, by prod (Short tons) Product Metal product?: Ammunition................... Bearing metals................ Brnss und bronze............. Cable covering................ Calking lend.................... Casting metalfl................ Collapsible tubes............ Foil............................ . Pipes, fraps, and bends.. 8heel lead........................ Solder............ -................. Storage batteries*. Antimonld lead.,... Lend oxides.............. Tenie metal................... . Type metal.................... Total..*................... PigmentsWhite lend. Red lead and litharge-. 43. 877 20,717 20,485 00.350 60.527 7,023 8. 705 3,084 22, 119 26.007 60,013 176,458 177,738 I. 708 28, 150 722,927 8.432 74,901 Product I9 48, 837 17,767 20.114 67,458 07, 370 101.,282703 2. 908 19.098 28,102 64,838 180,028 181,970 965 20.093 727.300 7,015 72,022 Pigments--Conttnuod IMgmeot colors____ Other1................. . Total............................. Chemicals: Tetraethyl lead............... Miscellaneous eberuleals. Total.. Miscellaneous uses: Annealing............. . Galvanizing.............. . Lead plating............. Weights and ballast. Total--*.............. ...... Other, unclassified usoa........ Grand total *--......... . 11 3 98 10 10 1 1 1,02 . Includes Iced content of leaded sine aside a^J,0^l'"P'^dTMn1^'oducUhemlCal!,' 4 Includes load which wont directly Irotu scrap to fabricated products. TABLE 13.--Lead consumption in the United States, by mo (Short tons) Month I960 86,781 84,563 91,055 83.011 90,321 87,197 75, 444 rncludes lend content c to fabrics tod products. 1901 Month 83, 579 79,580 83. 206 78.201 89.079 86,520 72,312 August -----September__ October........ November--. December... Total ' I96 90 86 85 83 7 1,02 TABLE 14.- -Lead consumption in and the United States in types of material 1001, by cla (Short tons) Product Lead In Soft lead antlmoolal lead Lead (a alloys Lea cop base pigments......................................................... Total..................................................... 198.017 186.030 90.009 171.921 9.390 13.778 670.046 74.176 181.954 126 6.161 1,484 263.900 36.967 14 93 858 ........ 87,916 l Rreludes 36.683 tons of lead inai uirccuy " oonlfllnod In leaded zId c oxide end other pigments and chemicals. 659873--02- -50 778 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1961 LEAD TABLE 16.--Lead consumption in 1961, by States 1 (Short tons) State Rofined Lend In soft lead onllmonlal lead California....................................................... Colorado......................................................... Connecticut.................................................... District of Columbia..................................... Florida............................................................ Illinois............................................................. Indiana.......................................................... Kansas............................................................ Kentucky....................................................... Maryland....................................................... Massachusetts................................................ Michigan................................. ...................... Missouri...................................................... Nebraska............................................... ]['. New Jersey.............................................'* New York.......... ......................... Ohio........................................................ ;;;;; Pennsylvania................................................. Rhode Island............................................ ' Tennessee........................................................ Virginia........................................................... Washington............. ..................................... West Virginia................................................. Wisconsin......... ................... ........................ Alabama.1 Georgia, and Mississippi.......... Arkansas and Oklahoma........................... Hawaii and Oregon....................................... Iowa and Minnesota...... .............................. Loutsona and Toxns...................................... Montana and Idaho...................................... New Hampshire. Maine end Delaware___ North and South Carolina........................... Utah, Nevada, and Arizona........... ............ Undistributed................................................ Total......................................... . 00,002 1.809 14. 285 99 1,888 68.530 61. 526 7,170 6 6,843 6.123 U. 369 47.879 9. 901 114.790 35.374 11,604 35.12! 2.657 261 2. 438 7,830 13. 841 733 28.091 3.0*5 749 1,073 113.009 9, 235 2,337 15 98 40? 670,045 25.165 1,705 11,838 12 3.460 31.385 31.784 10. 295 3.161 13. 328 4.118 10.995 2, 863 2. 9G4 20, 169 4.036 4.206 20.716 299 7,831 1.102 4.220 4. 480 3.007 10. 777 2.642 2. 338 6. S21 12. 533 571 2.923 588 608 263,900 Lead In alloys Lead In copperbase scrap 2,041 126 23 863 857 6. 206 2,253 14 3 609 450 1.335 132 c) 9.075 7,437 2.777 040 215 490 2 96 1. 406 22 20 746 1.462 336 1.717 630 301 355 674 1.147 210 659 931 1.130 2,237 289 740 143 669 258 159 330 203 6 37,916 2 14.515 Total 937..967410 27,0l0it3 6.348 97, 838 8a 193 J7.878 3,170 19,680 11.046 24.373 62.021 13,076 144. 693 48.676 19. 788 68.714 2.966 8.696 4.782 12.060 18. 323 3.978 40.933 6.760 8, 366 8.799 128. 243 9.235 3.497 2. 938 986.376 > Exclude* 36,683 lonsoflaod which wen Idirectly from scrap to fabricated products and 4.257 toosoflead contained In loaded zinc oxide and other nonspcclfled plemcnts. ! Included "Undistributed" to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. The following States are grouped to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. LEAD PIGMENTS4 Production of lead pigments declined slightly in 1961. Activity of major lead-pigment-consuming industries varied as follows: Pro duction of automobiles and trucks decreased 15 percent, the value of public and private construction increased less than 1 percent, paint sales decreased slightly, production of natural and synthetic rubber decreased 5 percent, and lead battery production rose 2 percent. Production.--Lead consumed by manufacturers to produce lead pigments was 270,300 tons, compared with 268,000 tons during 1960. All the white lead, red lead, and litharge pigments as well as the 147,100 tons of black oxide were made from refined lead and repre sented 99 percent of the 270,300 tons of lead used. The remaining 1 percent was consumed in the form of lead ore to produce leaded zinc oxide. Basic lead sulfate production is withheld to avoid dis closing individual company confidential data. Lead silicate, a derivative of litharge, is included with litharge. Prepared by nicbard N. Spencer, commodity specialist, and Esther B. Miller, statistical assistant. Division of Minerals. X Consumption and Uses.--White Lead.--Shipme X decreased 10 percent. The paint-making industry X of the white lead, and the ceramic industry used 1 X stantial part of the remaining 25 percent was used , industry; however, other uses for white lead w I greases, plasticizers and stabilizers for plusties. Basic Lead Sulfate.--Most lead sulfate was used zinc oxide, but to avoid disclosing individual com ,, data, production figures are withheld. ; Red Lead.--The paint industry used 56 percen i sumed, compared with 57 percent in I960. Ot i colors, lubricants, petroleum, rubber, and miscell : Orange Mineral.--No consumption was reported. ; Litharge.--To avoid disclosing individual com ' data, a large percentage (79 percent) of litharge sh , is found in the group classification "Other." W battery makers were the largest consuming group; t pigments, driers, floor covering, friction material and miscellaneous accounted for the remainder. : produced 147,100 tons of leaded litharge, known ; Slack oxide or gray suboxide; this black oxide f the lead paste filling for the interstices of battery Prices.--The quoted price of white lead rang per pound ($360 a ton) down to 16.5 cents ($330 in 1961. The average value of shipments of dr $419 a ton, up $11 from 1960; white lead in oil ton, up $15 from I960. The quoted price of red 14.75 cents per pound to 13.75 cents, or $295 a t I in less than carlots; the average value of red le creased $10 to $292 a ton. The quoted price o from 14.25 cents to 13.25 cents per pound, or $2 in less than carlots; average value of shipments dec per ton. TABLE 16,--Production and shipments of lead pigments 1960 Pigment Produc tion (short tons) Shipments Short tons Value Total Aver age per ton Produc tion (short tons) White lead: Dry..................... In oil ................. Total................ Red lead................. Litharge.................... 11.409 6.115 17,524 22. 518 98.70 139, 847 11,770 0.172 17.942 22.631 98,640 S4.805.726 2,810.238 $408 456 7,615.964 6. 843.301 '"`*302' 26,951,157 273 10.354 6,892 16.246 22,708 98.817 147,136 i Except for basic lead sulfate, figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individu * At plant, exclusive of container. 1 Weight of white lead only, but value of pasta* 780 MINERAI3 YEARBOOK, 1061 TABLE 17.--Lead content of lead and zinc pigments 1 produced by domestic manufacturers, by sources (Short tons) I960 1961 Plgmont Lead in nignmnts produced from-- Oro Domestic Foreign Pig lead Total load In pigments Lead In pigments producoa from-- Oro Pig lead Domestic Foreign Total lead In pigments Whit icod................ Rod Icod.................. Lllhargo.................... Black oxldo............... Leaded zinc oxide.... Total................ 2,366 2,366 14,019 14.019 20.491 20.491 90.810 96.8(0 133,038 133,638 607 3,022 667 204,968 267,980 2,717 2, 717 1,071 1,071 12.997 20.004 01,900 140,973 260, 634 12,997 20.664 91.900 140,973 3,788 270.322 1 Excludes lead in basic load sulfate; figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company conflden* tlal data. TABLE 18.--Distribution of white lead (dry and in oil) shipments,1 by industries (Short tons) Industry 1952-60 1957 1968 1959 1960 1901 (average) Paints.................. .. Total............................... 20. Or.O 094 4.592 25, 945 19.253 007 * 3.654 23,574 15,288 208 * 2,804 18,300 15,148 243 3,833 19, 224 14,145 219 * 3. 578 17.942 12,086 141 3,996 16,223 1 Excludes basic lead sulfate; figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. 1 Figures for plasticizers and stabilizers withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. TABLE 19.--Distribution of red lead shipments, by industries (Short tons) Industry 1952-50 1957 1958 1959 I960 1901 (average) Paints........................................ Storage batteries................. Ceramics................................... Other........................................ Totnl............................... 13. 785 12.357 987 2,205 29,334 15, 093 ( ) <) 11.005 20. 908 13, 720 0) () 8, 266 21,992 12.098 0) (') 9.807 21.905 12.903 (0 328 9,400 22,03! i Included with "Other." TABLE 20.--Distribution of litharge shipments, by industries (Short tons) Industry 1052-56 1957 1958 1969 1960 (average) 12,896 8 9,961 22,856 1001 Ceramics................................... Chrome pigments.................... Floor covering......................... Insecticides............................... OH reflnfng. .............................. Rubber .................................... Storage batteries...................... Vonilsh..................................... Other......................................... Total............................... 1 Included with "Other." 19.585 0. 223 e> o 3.9(5 2.064 93. 680 4.485 13.094 143,046 18.071 3,055 c) () 3. 359 1.298 3. 227 70.878 106, 788 (0 3, 731 (>) (>) 2. 598 1.247 0) 3. 223 81.300 92,165 15.340 4.082 (0 (') 3.000 1.808 0) 4.725 70.3G2 100.013 15.753 (') <) (') 2.371 1.373 0) 3. 471 75.072 98, G40 14,393 ( ) (O ( ) 2,147 1.243 () 3.394 77,773 98,950 LEAD Foreign Trade.--Imports of lead pigments a percent in value and 15 percent in quantity, c Imports of white lead increased 25 percent over 1 decreased 15 percent, litharge imports increased ports occurred in the classification "other lead ports of other lead compounds increased 45 perc Exports of lead pigments increased 8 percent in in quantity, compared with 1960, while expo decreased 48 percent in value and 51 percent in TABLE 21.--U.S. imports for consumption of lead pi Kind White lend....... ............ Red lend................... Litharge.......................... Other lead pigments.. Other lead compounds Total.................. 1960 Short V tons (thou 1,497 637 13,371 23 301 16, 729 fiourco: Bureau of the Census. TABLE 22.--TJ.S. exports of lead pigments a Rind I960 Short tons V (tho Lead arsenate.....................................--........ -.................... 2,118 944 3,002 i Includes white lead, rod lend, and litharge. Source: Bureau of the Census. STOCKS Stocks of refined lead at primary produ substantially through April; then a decline be May through August. An increase in stocks th continued through the remainder of the yea refined lead stocks at yearend amounted to yearend stocks, representing physical inventorie of ownership but not including material in proc 262,100 tons compared with 250,100 at the clos Stocks reported by the American Bureau of M an additional 19.700 tons of bullion was in proc refineries, and about 26,300 tons of ore was in making a total of 308,100 tons of primary raw these plants. 1334 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1961 ZINC TABLE 17.--Reported Slab-zlno consumption In the United States, by Industries (Short tons) Industry and product 1052-56 1957 1058 1660 1060 1061 (average) Galvanizing: > Brass products: Zlno>base alloy: Other uses: Other *..................................................... 170,230 45. 747 80,3C0 10,480 03,850 415,685 08. 616 42,867 16,204 6,052 7,547 1,320 142,461 313,873 0,202 2,124 325, 250 60,480 10,635 1,368 2,630 4. 400 8,305 16,802 070,322 108, 221 30. 408 70. 463 0.065 82,640 367,767 62, 873 33, 7M 11.015 6.818 7,286 787 112,390 363,830 10,140 2,060 376,039 41,260 20,428 1,336 2,808 4,058 8,635 17,737 035,620 104,100 36. 038 67,318 8,004 75,173 381,220 40.067 32. 608 9,645 4,423 7,094 078 101,375 300, 408 6, 400 2,022 816,830 40.616 13,331 846 2, 621 3,657 7,022 14,946 808,327 175.601 35,002 50, 830 10. 230 70,665 361,027 61,234 40.280 11,808 4, 067 10,276 707 129,273 383, 368 3, 745 2, 228 389,331 42.040 18.248 1,244 1,940 3,363 8.803 15,364 950,197 190.057 36, 262 50.080 9. 258 74,332 371,680 45, 870 20, 071 8,501 4,000 0.412 567 09,023 331,112 3,442 3,810 338, 373 38.606 15,503 1,152 2. 521 3,181 7,756 14,610 877,884 211,300 37,608 54,067 6,540 71,672 382,077 00,018 41,018 10,168 4,091 12,874 384 128,623 337,227 1,629 2,910 341,766 41,204 18,137 1,058 2,630 4,347 11,471 19.606 031,213 i Includes zinc used In elcctrogalvanfzlng and electroplating, but oxcludcs sherardlrfng. * Includes 28,280 tons used In job galvanizing In 1057,28,502 tons In 1058, 31,521 tons In 1050,31,616 tons in 1060. and 30.054 tons in 1061. * After 1967 figures Include tine used In direct alloying operations. * Includes zinc used In making zinc dust, bronze powder, alloys, chemicals, castings, and miscellaneous uses not elsewhero mentioned. ' Includes 6,805 tons of remclt zinc In 1057,8,073 tons In 1058, 6,200 tons In 1059, 0,622 tons In 1960, and 7,628 tons In 1961. Output of salable rolled zinc increased to 39,600 tons. Stocks of rolled zinc at the mills declined to 2,900 tons by yearend. Besides shipments of 21,100 tons of rolled zinc, the rolling mills consumed 31,400 tons of rolled zinc in manufacturing 19,600 tons of semifabricated and finished products. TABLE 18.--Reported slab zinc consumption in the United States in 1981, by grades and Industries (Short tons) Industry Special High Grade High Inter Brass Grade mediate Special Prime Select Western Remelt Total Galvanlzers............... Zino rolling mills.... Total................ 17,341 26,308 338,229 14,801 4.068 0,078 400,013 12,666 66,538 1,317 10,347 1,172 02,040 2,056 076 47 4,081 300 0,260 70,140 10,304 10, 074 66 134 100,617 11 3,337 3,848 207,844 16,648 1,615 11 14,013 8,367 308,498 2,110 4,412 558 448 7,628 382,077 128.623 841,766 41,204 18.137 10,506 031,213 i Include* brass mllli, brass Ingotmakers. and brass foundries. * Includes producers of tine-base die oastbgi, zinc-alloy dies, and lino-alloy rods. Rolled zinc was used to make sheet, strip, ribbon, foil, and wire. Major domestic use was for ary-cell battery similar extruded cases for radio condensers and tu Weather-stripping, roof flashing, photoengraving plates, hold electric fuses were other uses. TABLE 19.--Rolled zino produoed and quantity available for consu United States I960 1 Short tons Value Total Average per pound Short tons T Production: Sheet zinc not over 0. i Inch thick.. Holler plate and sheets over 0.1 Inch thick..................................... Strip and ribbon zinc 1................... Foil, rod, and wire.......................... Total rolled zinc.......................... Imports................................................... Exports................................................... 12,807 $8,023,358 171 22,180 1,741 75, 471 9,343.055 1,146.333 36,005 004 3.324 34.430 18,589,117 301,667 2,443,165 $0,311 .221 .211 .320 .251 .167 .368 .120 .122 12,683 $7,1 201 24,008 10,4 1,806 0 30,508 1.183 3,210 37,810 18,6 3 2,2 1 Figures represent net production, fn addition, 11,200 tons of strip and ribbon zinc tons Id 1061 wero rcrollcd from scrap originating In fabricating plants operating In con rolling mills. CONSUMPTION OF SLAB ZINC BY GEOGRAPHIC AR ; Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Illinois accounted fo of the slab zinc consumed in galvanizing. The iron a dustry used zinc to galvanize steel sheets, wire, tube, pipe, bolts, railway-signal equipment, building and pole-line ha many other items. Connecticut again ranked first in consuming slab zin making. Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, and New York led th . using zinc in making zinc-base alloys. : ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALTS Production of zinc pigments and salts increased 6 p I960, but was 13 percent below 1959. The production of synthetic rubber, a major zinc-pigment consuming produ 5 percent; paint, varnish and lacquer industries, also i quantities of zinc pigments, recorded a 1-percent decrea of shipments. _ . Production.--Production of lead-free zinc oxide increase and output of leaded zinc oxide rose 41 percent. Out cliloride declined 6 percent, but that of zinc sulfate ros Pigments and salts were made from various zinc-bearin including ore, slab zinc, scrap, and residues. Zinc and salts produced directly from ore, both domestic a 1336 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1961 / TABLE 20.--Reported zino consumption In the United States In 1961, by Industries and States (Short tons) State OnlvaDlzers Brass mills Die casters * Other * Total California......... ,,.................................. Connecticut.......................................... Delaware............................................... Illinois................................................... Indiana................................................. Tnwa Kansas.................................................. Michigan.............................................. Minnesota............................................ Missouri........................... .......... .......... Now Jersov.......................................... New York............................................. Ohio...................................................... Oregon.................................................. Pennsylvania....................................... Texas.................................................... Utah...................................................... Vlrglnln ....................................... Wisconsin............................................. Undistributed...................................... Total ......................................... (<) <9 22,130 () <<> m (*) o 45,023 47,830 <) () () ( ) (*) 3,190 (>) (9 () 0 (9 4.532 5,697 (*) 78,254 (<) (<> 61,874 593 () () <<) () (<) (<) 0,670 1,512 112,045 379,967 0) () (4) 38,533 0) 14, 621 3,160 <(4)) (4) w* () C) C) 19,162 0) (<) (4) 51,531 19,833 . .. C) (148) ,829 (<) (<) ............ <4) (4) (4) 14,390 70,724 o) .............. (4) (9 (9 0) (4) <) 5,416 (<) (<) (<) 7,816 0) 5,026 0) 39.885 () 46,093 (4) <) 15,521 (9 (4) ((<9) (9 (4) <9 (9 (4) ( ) (4) () (4) () 38,804 (0 (<) () 68,908 (4) (9 () () O) <) (9 60,570 124.111 341,208 78,399 (4) w 38,705 (4) 45,264 (,) 735 (4) (9 (<) 134.634 89,896 916 (4> (4) 699 (V () 6.403 95,119 1,27$ (*) 10,400 1,797 <4) 23,949 60,278 SImW 8,800 1,011 103,883 622 (9 1,833 32,018 (4) (4) 1.509 6,806 10,875 nawi 923,665 Includes brass mills, brass bootmakers, and brass foundries. * Includes producers of r.Inc-baso dlccnstloRs, tlnc-a!Ioy (Has, and zloc-alloy rods. * Includes slab zinc used in rollcd-zlnc products and In zinc oxide. * Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data, Includod wltn trlhntcd." * Excludes remelt zinc. Uadis* (f exceeded 87,000 tons; that in zinc oxide and zinc chloride from slab zinc exceeded 18,000 tons; and the zinc derived from secondary materials in zinc pigments and salts exceeded 37,000 tons. . Lead-free zinc oxide was made by several processes: 64 percent from ores and residues by the American process, 24 percent from met * by the French process, and 12 percent by other processes from scrap residues and scrap materials. Leaded zinc oxide was made from oreSj zinc chloride, from slab zinc and secondary zinc materials; and ziflc sulfate, from ores and scrap zinc. ^ Four grades of leaded zinc oxide, classified according to lead cod tent, were produced. Only a very small quantity of 5-percent-or-]"~ leaded zinc oxide was produced; the grade of more-than-5-to-35-pei cent lead constituted most of the production. Small quantities of th more-than-35-through-50-percent and over-50 percent grades we produced. ZINC TABLE 21.--Production and shipments of zinc pigments and United States l" ;/ ( ! ' Pigment or salt Produc tion (.short) tons) 1900 Shipments ------------ Short tons Value i Total Aver age per ton Produc tion (short tons) Short tons Zino oxide 1............ ... . Leaded zinc oxide ......... Zinc chloride, 50 B <___ Zino sulfate...................... 138,128 14,379 65,802 27,028 144,778 338,538,393 19.278 6,187,006 65.037 (*) 28, 796 4, 480,683 3266 269 (*) 166 147,665 20,335 62,479 29,269 145,208 18,007 53,099 28,891 Excludes lithopone; figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company conf * Value at plant, exclusive of container. 1 Zinc oxide containing 6 percent or more lead Is classed as leaded zfno oxide, t * Includes zinc chloride equivalent of zinc ammonium chloride and chromated zinc *Figure withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. Both ordinary lithopone, a coprecipitate of zinc sulfid sulfate, and high strength (titanatea) lithopone were . Consumption and Uses.--Shipments of lead-free zin 146,200 tons. Shipments to the rubber, paint, coated fa tiles, and floor coverings industries showed a combine percent; ceramic and other industries reported a 16-pe Consumption of leaded zinc oxide by the paintmak ,(92 percent of the total consumption) declined 7 percen ji Lithopone was used in paint, varnish and lacquer, coated fabrics and textiles, and rubber. 1338 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1901 TABLE 22.--Zlno content of zinc pigments1 and salts produced by domeitio; manufacturers, by sources * (Short loos) 1000 1961 ' Pigment or salt Zinc in pigments nnd salts produced from-- Ore Domes Foreign tic Slab tlno Sec ondary mate rial * Total zinc in pig ments and salts 7/lnc In pigments and salts produced from-- Total tlno in Pit Ore Sec mentt Slab ondary and tine mate salts Domes Foreign rial * tic Zinc oxide.................. 57,206 Lcadod tlno oxide----- 5,704 Total pigments. 03,000 Zlno sulfate................. (<) 13,028 15,393 2.831 15,850 15,393 () c) 24,710 110,433 63,872 8.535 7,605 24,716 118,068 71,537 12,625 12,625 {*) 0, 740 o 10,305 17,036 4,752 15.057 17,936 (*) (*5 25,630 25,630 11,410 (0 117,783 12,417 130,169 11,410 10,667 * Excludes zinc sulfide and Hthopone; figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. These figures ore higher then thoso shown In tho report on Secondary Metals--Nonferrous because they Include tine recovered from byproduct sludges, residues, etc., not closslnod as purchased scrap material. * Includes tine content of zinc ammonium chloride and chromated zinc chloride. * Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. TABLE 23.--Distribution of zlno oxide shipments, by industries (Short tons) Industry 1952-66 1957 1958 1959 1960 lMl (average) 77,881 32,184 0,278 8,202 2,023 21,356 81,745 32,605 8,469 3,623 1.249 23, 586 68,176 33,335 0,095 2,327 971 22,087 79,505 33.708 10,486 2,125 1,207 27,203 75,120 31.610 9,840 1,331 1.316 25,561 71.534 30,406 10.058 I.1SS 1,174 30,883 Total.................................................... 150,924 161,267 135,091 154,234 144,778 148,206 ------------ 1 1 Includes the following tonnages for rayon: 1657--2,838: 1058--1,149. Figure for 1050, 1060, and 1061 withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. TABLE 24.--Distribution of leaded zinc oxide shipments, by industries (8bort tons) ' Industry 1952-56 1957 1958 1959 1900 1061 ' (average) 33,916 Other............................................................ } 365 Total................................................. 34,280 23,904 299 24,203 23,021 287 23,288 20,748 1,878 22,626 17,616 I.6G2 19, 278 16,633 1,474 18,007 Statistics on distribution of zinc chloride shipments -were not avail-, able. The principal uses were for batterymaking, galvanizing, vulcan* izing fiber, preserving wood, refining oil, fungicides, and solder and tinning fluxes. Rayon and agriculture were the chief consumers of zinc sulfate, receiving 42 and 20 percent, respectively, of the total shipments. Other uses were in chemicals, flotation reagents, glue, medicine, and ZINC rubber; these combined uses accounted for 38 percent of th Zinc sulfate consumed by rayon manufacturers decreased agricultural uses increased 31 percent, and other uses percent compared with 1960. TABLE 25.--Distribution of zlno sulfate shipments, by Indu (Short tons) Year Rayon Gross weight Dry basis Agriculture Gross weight Dry basis Other Gross weight Dry basis 1952-50 (average)___ 1957............................ 1958............................ 1959............................ I960............................ 1951................ ........... 11, 124 19,903 19.796 20.062 15, 727 12, 284 0, 705 17,785 17,747 23,354 14.007 11,007 6.838 9,818 11.525 6,262 4.320 6, 673 5,972 8, 261 9,819 4,696 3,848 5,086 5,418 3,899 2,416 9,346 8,749 10,934 4,192 3, 465 2,191 7,428 7,882 9, 926 Prices.--American process lead-free zinc oxide was qu cents per pound in carlots at the beginning of the year, creased to 13.00 cents by the end of December, Leaded the 35-percent grade was quoted at 15.375 cents per poun at the Beginning of the year. After several price change year, the quotation was 13.875 cents at yearend. . Red-seal French process zinc oxide prices ranged from to 14 cents per pound in carlots and closed the year a Green-seal French process zinc oxide in carlots ranged 14.25 cents and closed the year at 14.75 cents. White-se sold in carlots was quoted at 16.76 cents a pound at the the year, but had decreased to 15.00 centsper pound by ye chloride (50 percent solution) was quoted throughout the cents per pound. Zinc sulfate (less than carlots) was p cents m January but declined to 9.00 cents in April and for the rest of the year. Foreign Trade.--Imports of zinc pigments and salts dro cent in quantity and 23 percent in value below 1960. O tons imported, 10,200 tons was zinc oxide. Exports of zinc oxide were 2,200 tons and lithopone 600 tons compared with 2,100 and 200 tons, respectively TABLE 28.--17.8. Imports for consumption of slno pigments Kind i960 Short tons Value Sho (thousands) Total........................................................................... 12,695 193 62 (>) 889 1.743 15,582 $2,632 63 8 <%. 198 3,062 i Loss than 1 ton. . Less than $1,000. Source: Bureau of tbe Census.
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