Document 6wLBkm3Xpq5RObVDgyYY3ZY29

Paint Research January, 1955 -20- #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation In the Paint Research Monthly Report for December, 1954 a reference vas made to various tests made on samples of Breeze DripLess Flat Enamels. The enamels are based, on gelled vehicles developed by the T. F. Washburn Company and sold under the trade name of Burnok. Samples of Burnok vehicles were obtained from T. F. Washburn and Frederik A. Stresen-Reuter, Inc. for evaluation in flat wall paints. The Burnok vehicles were compared with (37 A 14) alkyd in conjunction with the pigmentation used in Rx 860 Flat-Tone and in a pigmentation suggested by T. F. Washburn based on pure titanium dioxide, silica and calcium carbonate. The experimental flat wall paints were evalu ated for brushing, flow, washnbility, end uniformity of tint and sheen over tight and porous surfaces. Experimental work to date has indicated that the Burnok vehicles have good performance characteristics, such as brushing, flow, washability, hold-out over tight and porous surfaces, etc. However, initial formulations actually brushed too easily and resulted in excessive spreading rates and low opacity. Paint No. 0J 731 S 0J 806 S 0J 822 S 0J 808 S 0J 809 S Pigmentation Same as Rx 860 T.F.Wash- T.F.Wash- Same as burn burn Rx 860 Same as Rx 860 Vehicle (37 A 14) #9500-1 Burnok #3540 Burnok #9500-1 Burnok #3540 Burnok Brushing Flow 97 7 77 Too easy Too easy Too easy Too easy 98 e 68 Uniformity of Tint 8 9 9 76 of Sheen 9 7 7 88 Washability (cycles to remove) Dust 53 63 Soiling Comp. 67 ink 188 114 654 appearance 0 Roller Coa-fc Application 8 87 169 394 36 44 63 44 125 250 0007-SWP- 9 0007-SWP-000114852 Paint Research January, 1955 -21#162 - Cont. Exkin No. 5 in Rx 860 A sample of Exkin No. 3 was submitter, by NuoJex Products Company to be evaluated as an anti-skinning agent in the new FlatTone White P.x 560 formulation. Exkin No. 3 was evaluate! at 1, 2, 3 and 4 pounds per 100 gallons of paint along with regular (i960) methyl ethyl ketoxime anti-skinning agent. Initial tests show that one pound of Exkin No. 3 is very slightly better than l/8 gallon (1950) in anti-skinning properties, whereas two pounds of Exkin per 100 gallons appear to be much superior to l/8 gallon (1950) in anti skinning properties as well as in odor characteristics in low odor alkyd flat enamels. Exkin No. 3 will be available in commercial quantities about March 1 at approximately tl.13 per pound. The Regional Directors have commented that they were not satisfied with the hiding power of Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 860. Ah investigation is under way to determine if the opacity can be increased without increasing the raw material cost substantially. Several series of paints have been made ranging from 55^ to 65 s in FVC, and various combinations of opacity pigments such as Titanox RCHT, Titanox C-50 and Ti-Pure R 10 are being investigated. 0007-SWP Paint Research January, 1955 -28- 187 - Physical Properties of Pigments High Shear Viscometer Work with the Gardner model of the Asheck S-W High Shear Viscometer revealed improper or inaccurate machining. This caused the rotor to bind when used with low viscosity materials. The instrument has been returned to Gardner Laboratories for further work. Automatic Hunter Color Diffc-rcnco Meter Mr. Griffe of Gardner Laboratories brought in a demon strator automatic reading Color Difference Meter for trial. While here it was used for the measurement of a series of exposure tests for Group 4, Subcommittee VII, ASTM Committee D-l. Approximately 500 panels were measured with this unit in about eight working hours. Several features were very outstanding in addition to the speed of operation. It was found that standardization and duplication of results were superior to the manual units now in use in our lab oratories. The speed of operation reduces the exposure of the speci men to light to less than one minute which would facilitate the handling Of fluid or paste samples. Stability of the unit is improved and it is not seriously affected by vibration as is the manual unit which uses a galvanometer. 0007-SWP-045482 Paint Research March, 1955 -28- #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Work was continued during the month on the reformulation of Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel White Rx 860 to improve the opacity with out substantially increasing the raw material cost. Various formula tions were made based on the use of 1002 Titanox C 50 as the hiding pigment. The formulations varied from 56$ to 682 in pigment volume concentration. A plant batch of Flat-Tone White was made on experimental formula 45 T which was filled under the cap stamping C 845. This pro duction appeared to have the hiding characteristics equal to if not slightly better than the old Rx 810. The washability and stain re moval properties are not quite equal to the present Rx 860 but con siderably better than the old Rx 810 Flat-Tone White. The new formulation for Rx 860 was sent to Cleveland for distribution. Test data for the experimental batches appear in the following table , Card 4 represents the current formula. Rx 310 Rx 860 Batch Number 55 T P.V.C. 66.5/d Viscosity #5 (24 Hr.) 8.8" Grind Brushing 4-1/2 H 9 Flow 8 Drying (Over night) 10 Sheen (85 Gloss) 9 Brightness 89.9 Hiding (Contrast ratio on .005" draw-down) Uniformity of Sheen 94.82 9 Uniformity of Tint 8 Hold-Out (over various surfaces) 8 Washability (Over glue size) >1000 Stain Removal (washed with sponge) Cycles required to remove Dust 70 C-3374 Card 4 56.225 15.2" 5H 9 9 10 6 83.7 92.12 0 9 9 >1000 41 C-845 45 T 63.52 13,3" 5H 9 9 10 16 89.7 95.2;4 9 8 8 >1000 59 0007-SW P-045483 Blue ink Grease 500 Bad stain remains 500 Sli.ght + stain 500 Trace stain remains 41 417 500 Definite stain remains Paint Research March, 1955 -29- #162 - Cont. Rx 860 Batch Humber 50 T 51 T 56 T P.V.C. Viscosiiy #5 (24 Hr. Grind Brushing Flow Drying Sheen (85 Gloss) Brightness 6456. 14.2" 5H 8 8 10 10 89.3 ' S6$ 13.2" 5 :> 8 8 10 14 89.5 63$ 13.2" 4-1/2 H 8 8 10 14 90.1, Hiding (Contrast ratio on .005" draw-down 95.3$ Uniformity of Sheen 9 Uniformity of Tint 8 Hold-Out (over various surfaces 8 Washability (Over glue size) >1000 Stain Removal (washed with sponge) Cycles required to remove 96.15 '9 8 S >1000 97.5$ 9 8 8 >1000 Dust Blue ink Grease 55 56 48 500 Trace of stain remains 500 Trace of stain remains 500 Trace of stain remains 500 500 500 Definite stain Slight + stain Slight + stain 0007-SWP-0454B4 0007-SWP-000114856 Paint Research April, 1955 -18- R7 - Physical Properties of Pigments GardneT Laboratories submitted two new models of the high viscometer of revised design. They are patterned after the now in the Cleveland Technical Service Department. It will be Srecalled that these units when first tested did not perform veil, gibe stainless steel model showed a temperature build-up in the course gof the standardization procedure. This was caused by the poor heat of the steel cylinder walls. Gardner has modified this device by reducing the wall thick- nnd has overcome the heat transfer problem. The second viscometer built with a copper stator, chrome plated. This unit had been machined and the rotor would not self-center ns it should, defect has been corrected and good correlation obtained. These units will now be returned to Gardner so that cornproduction of the device may be undertaken. 0007-SWP-045485 0007-SWP-000114857 Print Research April, 1955 -32- jfl62 - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation The Sales Department suggested that the new formulation for Flat-Tone White be lowered slightly in sheen based on paint-outs of the first factory production sent to Cleveland for their inspection. Initial production made on the new formulation was somewhat higher in sheen than later production. However, work has been continued on the reformulation of Rx 860 to obtain lower sheen. Actually the last two production batches of Rx 860 dated C 965 and C 1125 have approximately the same sheen as the previous Rx 860 and are very close to Rx 810 Flat-Tone. Increasing the Lorite 63 C 2 from 50 to 125 pounds and decreasing the Atomite 6310 produces a definite drop in sheen. The lower sheen is not uniform due to a glossy appearance in the valleys of the brushmarks. In a second variation the Atomite was replaced with Non-fer-Al Whiting which produced a lower sheen than the previous revision but the uniformity was not as desirable as that obtained with Lorite. Work will be discontinued until the Sales Department has had an opportunity to check the more recent production of Rx 860 as made on Card 6. In line with Cleveland Technical Service reports, we have rechecked the use of Exkin #3 in Rx 860 using 1, 2, 3 and 4 pounds per 100 gallons of paint to determine the degree of odor developed in the can on storage. The paints were compared with Flat-Tone containing l/4 gallon (1950) methyl ethyl ketoxime and also without any anti- oxidant present. The experimental flats were checked for skinning and odor in partly filled quart cans after one and two weeks' storage. The two pound level of Exkin #3 was found superior to l/4 gallon methyl ethyl ketoxime in anti-skinning properties but developed definitely more odor in the can after one and two weeks' storage. The Sindar Corporation will submit experimental compounds which exhibit anti-skinning properties comparable with Butoxy Safrole. These compounds would range in cost from approximately 30.80 to 1.60 per pound in drum quantities. They would be available in commercial quantities and future supply would not be a problem. Our evaluation Will be reported later. The Dispersion Laboratory has developed three shading bases using a vehicle composed of Acto 450 and low odor solvent. The new bases were compared with regular factory oil bases such as BI 40, Bf 10 and CB 7286 for shading Flat-Tone White Rx 860. Composition of the bases is as follows: 0007-SWP-045486 Paint Research April, 1955 -33- . jjH.62 - Cont. Rase No, Acto 450 Soltrol 130 519 17.056 17.056 320 12.856 8.2* 321 31.8* 31.8* *8280 dry - Ferrite fellow Light 8013 dry - Chrome bellow Medium Piment - * 8280* 66.0* 8013* - 79.0* 7055* - 36.4* Lb. Pigment/ Lb. Vehicle Solids 7.2 11.5 2.1 7055 dry - Lampblack Flat-Tone White was shaded with approximately one fluid ounce of each base. The resulting shades were then matched with the oil bases. The Acto 450 materials are much superior to the Chembine bases tested previously in Flat-Tone. They produced about the same uniformity of tint as the oil base3 when applied over the standard torture board and had no effect on drying properties. However, there was some decrease in washability directly in line with the amount of Acto 450 introduced. There would be no objection to the use of Acto 450 bases for the purpose of shading factory production where a large part of the colored pigment can be included in the grind. This would reduce the necessary volume of tinting base as well as the amount of Acto 450 introduced by the high poundage of bases used in our tests. Considerable time was devoted to the preparation of exhibit panels on Flat-Tone White, to be displayed at the P. V. and L. Annual Symposium May 23 and 24 at Cleveland, Ohio. The various exhibits cover the comparative performance of the old Flat-Tone White Rx 610 and the old and new formulations on the Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 860. 0007-SWP-045487 0007-SWP-000114859 Paint Research May, 1955 -11- ;f162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation The Baker Castor Oil Company furnished a sample of Thixcin for evaluation as a bodying agent for gelled paints. The Thixcin was added to Flat-Tone to the extent of six pounds'per 100 gallons in our initial tests. The body of the flat was increased but not to the same degree as obtained by the use of the Bumok vehicles develop^ by the T. F. Washburn Company. Thixcin has a tendency to decrease flow and increase the pull or drag under the brush. Work to date indicates that it will be necessary to obtain a vehicle with high flow and easy brushing properties, for use in conjunction with Thixcin, to produce the body, brushing and flow typical of gelled paints. Calcium stearate and lecithin were evaluated in Rx 860 as suspending agents and also for their effect on the physical properties of the paint. Initial tests have indicated that lecithin has a tend ency to reduce the viscosity and vashability of Rx 860. The lover viscosity of the flat resulted in too easy brushing properties. Test data are recorded in the following table. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 860 Card 6 Lecithin Versus Calcium Stearate Batch No. 124 T 125 T Product Rx 860 Rx 860 Suspending Agent Calcium Stearate Lecithin Viscosity #5 - Fresh 24 Hours 15.2" 14.6" 7.8" 7.8" Brushing Flow 9 9 Drying (over night) Uniformity of sheen on lap Uniformity of tint 9 8 on torture board Wasbability (over glue) Stain Removal 6 825 cycles (Cycles required for removal of stain as listed) Dust 20 cycles Too easy 7 9 8 8 505 cycles 15 cycles Blue Ink 500 cycles Slight stain remained 500 cycles Definite stain remained Soiling Compound 20 cycles 13 cycle is 0007-SW P-045488 0007-SWP-0001 Paint Research May, 1955 -12- i'jp 62 - Cont._ Samples of 7331 and 7332 Glyptal Alkyd Resin Solutions yere furnished by the General Electric Company Chemical Division for |;test in flat vail paint formulations. The G-E Glyptal Alkyd vehicles fVere compared vith (37 A 14), a low odor PE glyceryl phthalate rosin ) fumaric soya alkyd being used in Rx 860. The General Electric ve- hides produced high consistencies and high flow as well as sticky /brushing. There would be no interest in these vehicles for use in 'flat wall paints. Data for the test paints are listed in the following table. Flat-Tone Alkvd Flat Enamel Rx 860 Card g Batch Ho. 0J 193 T 0J 194 T 0J 195 T ^Product Rx 860 Card 6 Rx 860 Card 6 Rx 860 Card 6 garnish under test (37 A 14) Glyptal 7331* Glyptal 7332** ^Viscosity #5 Fresh 24 Hours 13.4" 12.4" 19.4" 22.6" 97.4" 75,6" '.Brushing 9 L:Flow 8 ^Drying (over night) OK j.Sheen (85 Gloss) 6 |Brightnes3 86.4 ^Uniformity of Sheen 8 |Uniformity of Tint 9 ^Hold-out over various 9 surfaces (torture board) |Vashability >1000 I" (Over glue size) i^Stain Removal (Cycles required for removal of stain) Dust 61 5 Too high OK 5 88.3 9 8 8 >1000 47 7 Too high OK 6 87.4 9 3 8 >1000 74 Blue Ink >500 >500 >500 Very slight stain Very slight stain Definite stain Soiling Compound 27 32 41 7331 Glyptal Alkyd Resin Solution - General Electric Company 7332 Glyptal Alkyd Resin Solution - 11 " " 0007-SWP-045489 0007-SWP-000114861 Paint Research May, 1955 -13- The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Pigment Department has furnished a sample of Ti Pure R 110-X titanium dioxide mode by the chloride process. The new material was compared with regular Ti Pure R 110 6640 dry in Flat-Tone White Rx 860. Ti Pure R 110-X was found to be superior in texture, brightness and somewhat easier to grind than the regular material. The chloride process material is also somewhat better than, regular Ti Pure R 110 in washability. Data for the test paints appear in the following table. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 850 Card 5 Ti Pure R 110 Versus Ti Pure R 110-X (Chloride Process) Batch.No. 65 T-R 86 T-R Product Rx 860 Card 5 Rx 860 Card 5 Ti02 Tested Ti-Pure R 110 Ti-Pure R 110-X Weight per Gallon (T 11.07) 10.70 11.11 Viscosity #5 Grind 16" 16.8" 5H 5H Grinding Time Brushing Flow 6* 25" 9 8 5f 9 9 Drying (over night) Sheen (85 Gloss) 9 4 9 4 Brightness 86 87.8 Uniformity of Sheen 8 9 Uniformity of Tint 9 9 Hold-out over various surfaces (Spackle board) 9 10 Vashability (over glue size) 807 cycles ^>1000 cycles Stain Removal (Cycles required Dust Blue ink removal of stain) 10 cycles 323 " 20 cycles 352 " 0007-SW P-045490 0007-SWP-000114862 Paint Research May, 1955 -14- :fft62 - Cont. The Minnesota Mining and Mfg. Company has furnished samples of fluorochemical surfactants F-2, F-3, F-4 and F-9 for evaluation. Surfactants F-2 and F-4 were tested in Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel at 30 ppm based on the weight of the low odor thinner used per 100 gal lons. The paints were checked for general performance and particularly for extension of wet edge time at various periods such as 5, 8, 12 and 15 minute intervals. We could detect little or no advantage by the use of Surfactant F-2. However, Surfactant F-4 produced a satisfactory wet edge in Flat-Tone at 5 and 8 minute periods whereas the regular foe 860 without surfactant produced a definite lap at equivalent drying periods. The samples of Flat-Tone which contained surfactants were inferior in hold-out and uniformity of tint when applied over the torture board. Minnesota Mining reported no effect with F-4 in (37 A 14), which is somewhat surprising based on our results in Flat-Tone White, which con tains the same varnish. Test data are listed in the following table. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 860 Card 6 30 pm Surfactants F-2 and F-4 Batch No. 193 T 206 R 207 T Product Rx 860 Card 6 Rx 860 Card 6 Rx 860 Card 6 Surfactant Tested None Surfactant F-2 Surfactant F-4 Viscosity #5 - Fresh 13.4" 24 Hours 12.4" 13.8" 15.0" 14,6" 16.0" Brushing 99 Flow 88 Drying (over night) 9 9 Sheen .(850 Gloss) 6 6 Brightness 86.4 87.8 Uniformity of Sheen 9 9 Uniformity of Tint 9 9 Hold--out over various 8 4 surfaces (spackle board) Washability >1000 888 (Over glue size) Stain Removal (Cycles required for removal of stain) Dust 61 62 Blue Ink >500(V. si. stain)>500(si. stain) Soiling Compound 27 105 9 8 9 5 87.0 9 9 6 >1000 23 >500(sl. stain) 22 Surfactant F-2 5C0NHC3HeN(CH3)3I Surfactant F-4 C7F,5C0NHC3Hs N(CH3)2C2Hs I 0007-SWP-045491 i 0007-SWP-000114863 Paint Research May, 1955 -15- 187 - Physical Properties of Pigments The experimental viscosities produced by Gardner Laboratory have now been checked out using both paints and the standard oils. Perfect correlation is obtained over the entire range. With these new devices it is possible to prove the extrapolation which has been neces sary with our larger and more cumbersome experimental unit when we pro jected the viscosity line into the brushing range of shear velocity. It will be recalled that the loading possible with the Stormer viscometer has been the limiting factor which established the highest shear velocity measurable with these instruments. The new experimental units are smaller in size having a reduced amount of shearing surface. Consequently a given driving weight produces a higher shear rate on the new instruments than was obtained with the old device. In this laboratory we have worked with a standard Stormer viscometer head and have employed weights up to four kilograms. Under these conditions with the pilot model we were able to measure at shear rates'of approximately 8,000 reciprocal seconds on a 2 - 2,5 poise mat erial, With the new instruments we can approach 15,000 reciprocal seconds using the same weight loads. Graphing these results we have proved the accuracy of the straight line extrapolation used by Asbeck in his report on brushability. 0007-SWP-045492 00Q7-SWP-000114864 Paint Research June, 1955 jp fig - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation The Resin Research Department has submitted a special (37 A 14) ; varnish made with isophthalic for evaluation in Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat , Enamel Rx 860. It has F + body at 30% solids, a 12 second cure, an acid value of 19.2 and 5 color. RE 2106 was compared with standard (37 A 14) in Rx 860 for general performance, such as brushing, flow, uniformity of tint, sheen, etc. The Flat-Tone White made with RE 2106 is equal to the regular material on all tests and is slightly better in flow characteristics. The paints are to be placed in storage and :checked for stability. . Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel - Rx 860 Made With RE 2106 and (57 A 14) Batch Number 0J 311 T Vehicle under test (37 A 14) Weight per' gallon 12.06 Viscosity - Fresh 11.8" Over night 12.2" Grind 5H Brushing 9 Flow 8 Drying (over night) Very good Sheen (85 Gloss) 19 Brightness 88.8 Uniformity of sheen 9 Uniformity of tint 9 Hold-out over various surfaces 9 Vasbability (over glue size) Over 1000 cycles Stain Removal (with sponge) (Cycles' required for removal of stain) Dust 9 Blue ink 500 - Grease 32 0J 312 T RE 2108 12.06 12.6" 13.6" 5H 9 9 Very good 19 88.4 9 9 9 Over 1000 - 10 500 55 An investigation is under way to determine what measures or changes can be made to prevent the reduction in viscosity of Flat-Tone in storage. One of the original complaints came in when the Standard Oil Company reported that the material they had on hand was too thin in body when applied on a ceiling at a 900 temperature. Based on this complaint a large number of our production samples were checked and the viscosity readings aro reported below. -15- 0007-SWP-045493 0007-SWP-000114865 I1 m Paint Research June, 1955 jgl 62 - Coni. Viscosity Flat-Tone Production - Chicago Rx Date Passed At Weight Viscosity at 75 7. Paint Rese :h 6-21 869 896 868 860 866 864 862 868 881 881 881 881 881 875 879 879 862 863 869 878 B74 875 878 864 864 863 860 874 C 1255 C 1275 C 1165 C 1125 C 845 C 1315 C 1125 C 535 C 695 C 1195 C 1225 A C 1225 A C 1155 C 1105 C 1085 0 665 C 285 C 495 G 695 C 615 C 1264 C 1025 C 845 C 805 C 75 C 1195 C 945 C 985 12" 12 13 13 12 12 11 11 9 8 13 10 12 10 10 9 11 11 12 9 10 9 n 10 9 8 14 8 11.44 11.40 11.42 12.00 11.25 11.63 11.45 11.30 11.55 11.48 11.35 11.40 11.46 11.56 11.15 11.25 11.46 11.40 11.38 11.62 10.85 11.55 11.41 11.43 11.77 11.59 12.11 10.94 9.2" B 11 8.2 8.2 10.6 7.4 7.2 7.6 5.8 8.8 10.2 7.2 7.2 5.4 6.8 7.8 8.4 7.2 8.6 5.6 8.4 8.4 12.2 7.6 6 10 5.8 It was therefore decided that the following steps should be taken as a temporary measure to increase the initial viscosity of the Chicago production. One gallon of (130) thinner is to be replaced by one gallon AB 63 Bentone 34 Base to increase the viscosity to a minimum of 15 seconds before passing. If this change is not sufficient the batch is -to be tempered with (25 C 11), the Chicago local variation for Troykyd (38-1-1). The Chicago Varnish-Resin Laboratory has greed to try to increase "the body of the varnish (37 A 14). There is some question regarding the stability of this vehicle if cooked to a higher body without some change in composition. All varnish variations are to be evaluated for stability as clears and when pigmented as Rx 860. -16- 0007-SWP-045494 0007-SWP-000114866 jf!62 - Cont. Paint Research June^ 1955 An investigation has teen under way to check the performance of various types of tinting bases in Flat-Tone White Rx 860. Regular oil bases Multipurpose Tinting Basos Kern Tinting Colors (present stock) Experimental Kem Tinting Colors Low Odor Kem-Glo Bases The results of the tests have indicated that the regular oil bases and the low odor Kem-Glo bases have the least effect on the paint consistency and on the uniformity of tint over tight and porous surfaces. The Multipurpose Tinting Bases and the Kem Tinting Colors from stock reduced the viscosity of the Rx 860 somewhat more than the oil bases or the Kem-Glo bases. They are also slightly less uniform over the torture boards than the Kem-Glo or oil bases. The Multipurpose Tinting Bases tested in this series are based on Acto 450 and are much superior to the Multipurpose Bases previously submitted to this depart ment. The experimental Kem Tints gave slightly lower viscosities and the color uniformity was not quite as good as the regular Kem Tinting Colors. The higher number of cycles required to break the film (as . under Total Cycles) indicates the best vashability over glue size. Base Color Shading Bases in Flat-Tone White Rx 860 Using 4 Oz. Per Gallon of Each Base Color Washabilitv Color Cycles to Remove Uniformity Soiling Viscosity On Torture Com Tvoe Used #5 Board Dust Ink pound Total Cycles Ho base White - 11.8" - 40 270 80 458 CB 7286 Black Regular Oil 8.2" 9 15 297 15 411 Bases Bl 44 Blue M 9.6" 9 25 404 407 404 Br 40 Ferrite " 9.0" 9 25 400 6 401 BO 1 Red 11 11.4" 9 17 588 15 455 By i Yellow tl 12.2" 9 19 451 19 451 -17- 0007- SWP-045495 Paint Research June, 1955 fi62 - Cent. Table Cont. Base Color Tyre Used Viscosity #5 Color Uniformity On Torture Board Washability Cycles to Remove Soiling Com- Total Dust Ink round Cycles #352 362 Black Multipurpose Tinting Bases Blue 11 7.2" 6.4" 353 Ferrite " 354 Red It 349 Yellow 11 7.6" 7.0" 7.4" 67407 67405 Black Kern Tinting 0.4" Colors (Stock) Blue 11 7.8" 67402 67400 67403 Ferrite Red Yellow 11 11 11 7.6" 8.4" 8.0" 7 V 3G 7 V 34 7 V 31 7 29 7 V 32 Black Experimental Kem Tints Blue ' n Ferrite Red Yellow 11 M 11 7.8" 7.4" 7.0" 7.6" 6.8" BB 1411 Black BB 1444 Blue Low Odor Kem 10.4" do Bases 11 9.7" 8 8-1/2 9 8-1/2 9 7 9 9 8-1/2 9 6 8 8 7 8 8-1/2 9 12 176 8 SI. stain 14 208 5 SI. stain 11 194 8 Def. stain 14 153 7 Def. stain 21 219 9 Def. stain 27 245 10 SI. stain 14 360 18 SI. stain 19 237 15 SI. stain 15 252 7 SI. stain 15 334 13 SI. stain 5 229 5 14 266 11 SI. stain 12 187 14 Def. stain 13 386 10 SI. stain 18 262 18 Def. stain 16 315 21 19 419 14 176 208 194 153 219 245 360 237 252 334 229 266 187 386 262 463 466 BB 1440 Ferrite BO 1404 Red BY 1449 Yellow " tl 1! 10.4" 10.0" 11.0" 9 15 517 19 530 9 16 451 13 648 9 18 423 15 469 0007--SWP-045496 0007-SWP-000114868 -Conti Paint Research June, 1955 Samples of Montgomery Ward and Company's Thix-O-Flat and n-O-Satin Enamels were tested for general performance. These paints made with vehicles similar to the "Bumok" thixotropic vehicles as factored hy T. F. Washbirn Company. The paints were brushed on em-Glo paper and checked for brushing, flow, drying, etc. We found the thixotropic paints to be quite satisfactory in gt all tests. The Thix-O-Flat White brushed slightly too easily ch resulted in somewhat thinner films than normal. The sheen was so slightly uneven, due to glossing in the valley of the brush marks. Thix-O-Satin enamels were good on all tests but they had a slight eney to sag when heavy films were applied on Kem-Glo paper. The tropic properties are good on all samples. -19- 0001-SWP-045497 0007-SWP-000114869 Paint Research July, 1955 Wpin - Pigment Studies ^ A study of four samples of Ferrite Yellow 8280 dry evolved * 7 from work done in the Dispersion Laboratory and the Raw Material Control laboratory. The Materials Laboratory reported the colors to be similar on the basis of oil rub ups. Tne Dispersion Laboratory shewed that the ; pigments were quite different. The Reichard Coulston material dried flat and. light in color. The Columbia Carbon material was intermediate and the two C. K- Williams samples were the most glossy and had the deepest " color. Our work was directed first to review the work of the Disipersion Laboratory and second to reconcile the divergent reports on ` these materials. In running the Quickie Mill technique we first ran into differences in vehicle demand between these ferrites as shown in 1-Table No. 1. Using a spatula mixing we attempted to use mill bases of jg;equal viscosity. To do this, vehicle quantities were adjusted as shown. Dispersions were measured on the grind gage and are reported for each retire interval. Table No. 1 Material 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 30 min C. K. Williams Lot #1^5 6h 6H 7H Columbia Carbon Lot $991 5H 5H 5-1/2 H Reichard Coulston No 2H* 2H 7H** Lot 1-2-55 Grind C. K. Williams Lot ;/l46 6H 6h 6H *20 cc vehicle blend added **20 cc (l^5) Mineral Spirits added Note: This dispersion was made on a 45# pigment concentration. In the actual test 39 grams pigment were used, and 55 cc of the vehicle blend were used. Tie vehicle blend is made up of 2 parts (3962) soya alkyd varnish and 1 part (151) Mineral Spirits (hi flash). At the conclusion of the milling step all of the samples Vere reasonably similar in color when wet. Drawdowns on glass were quite similar to those obtained by the Dispersion Laboratory. It was noted that drying was more rapid with the Reichard Coulston pigment. -10- 0007-SWP-045498 0007-SWP-000114870 Paint Research July, 1955 A second test vas made with the Quickie Mill in which a blend of raw and bodied linseed oil with thinners vas used as the dispersing liquid. Here again more vehicle was required to wet the Reichard Coulston pigment than the C. K. Williams sample. Milling proportions and finenesses obtained are given in liable No. 2 below. Table Mo. 2 5 Min. 10 Min. 15 Min. C. K. Williams Lot #145 6h 6h 6-1/2H -2-55 1H* 5H 6-1/2H *Extra 30 cc of vehicle blend added. New vehicle blend used in this dispersion. Blend made up of 20 cc (1521) raw linseed oil, 15 cc (2539) bodied linseed oil, and 25 cc (l5l) Mineral Spirits. It is of interest that drawdowns on glass of the above oil dis persions are comparable while wet. Color is still comparable after 1 hour drying but the Reichard Coulston material had set up to a stiff paste while the C. K. Williams material is still a fluid paste. In addition to the above tests the Analytical Section made oil absorption tests on these samples of 8280 dry plus additional lots of material currently in stock. They reported as follows: Supplier . Lot No. Oil Absorption C. K. Williams 145 C. K- Williams 146 Reichard Coulston 889 Reichard Coulston I-2-55 Columbia Carbon 991 8280 dry Standard Sample 39.6 41.0 44.8 63.0 44.8 45.2 The problem material by these tests is shown to be not only difficult to wet but also high in the conventional oil absorption test. One danger of relying on the Quickie Ball Mill test is that no differentiation may be made between a texture deficiency and a wetting deficiency, just as soon as a technique is established for measuring paste consistency of ball mill bases this may be overcome. -11- 0007-SWP-045499 0007-SWP-000114871 Paint Research July, 1955 #j62 - Studies in Plat Wall Paint Formulation Hie sample of thixotropic vehicle LV-4O40 received from Love Brothers Company was evaluated for general performance in Rx 860 FlatTone White. When used in conjunction with the Rx 860 pigmentation, a somewhat higher body than desired was obtained and the batch was re duced 25$ with low odor mineral spirits for application. Test data are recorded in the following table. Rx 860 Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Batch Mo. Vehicle Being Tested OJ 325 T (37 A 14) OJ 326 T Reduced 25$ with (130) LV 4040 Weight Per Gallon 12.12 12.04 Viscosity #5 - Fresh Overnight 13 sec. 12.8 sec. Too Heavy Too Heavy Viscosity (Stormer) Fresh 86 K.U. Approx. 150 K.U. Grind 5H 6h Brushing Flow Drying (Overnight) 9 Slightly too free 99 10 10 Sheen (85 Gloss) 24 Uniformity of Sheen 9 Uniformity of Tint 9 Holdout Over Various Surfaces 9 Washability (Over Glue Size) Over 1000 9 9 9 9 Over 1000 Stain Removal (With Sponge) (Cycles Required for Removal of Stain) Dust Blue Ink Stain Compound 45 500 - Def inite stain 60 80 500 - Slight stain 150 -22- 0007-SWP-045500 0007-SWP-000114872 jm Paint Research July, 1955 #162 - Cont. An investigation is under way to reformulate Plat-Tone as well as SWP using thixotropic vehicles. Samples of such vehicles have been ordered from the T. F. Washburn Company and Fredrick A. Stresen-fieuter Inc. Other vehicles of this type which may be developed by the VarnishResin laboratory will also be included in our tests. Preliminary work, with the Burnok 3540 vehicle for flats and the Burnok JOtO Thixotropic Oil for house paints, shows that these oils have good brushing, flow, gloss, drying and thixotropic properties. However, initial batches of SWP made with part Burnok 5040 are somewhat too sticky in brushing. The Flat-Tone White made with Burnok 35^0, however, is too easy in brushing. Further work will be required to de termine what blends of these oils vith regular oils and varnishes are necessary to obtain the performance characteristics desired. Additional work has been done on the reformulation of Flat-Tone to obtain lower sheen by the use of various inert combinations. Hytal 300, Wollastonite P-4, Atomite and other calcium carbonates are being evaluated. The inert combinations tested to date are not satisfactory in uniformity of sheen and further vork is indicated. Combinations of Atomite and Nytal 300 produced a non-unifonn sheen due to the glossy appearance in the valleys of the brushmarks. Our work has indicated that a fairly high sheen or a low sheen produced the more desirable appearance. The intermediate ranges in sheen never appear to be as uniform and variations of sheen are more noticeable on laps. Work is to be continued on this investigation to lower the sheen of the Flat-Tone line. The sheen on the proposed Cleveland Special Revision coded 3^2T was not considered satisfactory. , Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel - Rx 860 Batch Ho. 34l T 3U2 T 343 T 344 T Variations in Formula Weight Per Gallon Viscosity #5 - Fresh Overnight Grind 200# 6310 50 63C2 25 6223 28 AB63 6 846 12.18 20C# 63OO 100 6232 20 AB63 3 846 12.34 150# 6310 150 6232 20 AB63 3 846 12.38 15C# 6310 150 6232 28 AB63 6 846 12.39 15.6" 15.2" 9.6" 10.0" 8.4" 8.6" 18.4" 18.4" 5H 5H 5H 5H (Cont.) -23- 00CI7-SWP- 0007-SWP-000114873 Paint Research July, 1955 I' jfl62 ~ Cont- Batch Mo. 341 T 342 T 343 T 344 T |; Brushing Flow ?; Drying (Overnight) 9 8 Good 9 8 Very Good 99 77 Very Good Very Good Sheen (850 Gloss) Brightness Uniformity of Sheen 16 7 85-5 82.7 Very Good Fair 14 83.6 Fair 4 14 34.8 Fair 4 Uniformity of Tint Good - Good Good - Good Holdout Over Various Surfaces Good Good - Good - Good Washatility (Over Glue Size) 610 955 360 845 Stain Removal (with Sponge) (Cycles Required for Removal of Stain) Dust Blue Ink Stain Compound 66 500 SI. stain 70 55 500 SI. stain 55 40 30 500 - .500 - SI. 4 stain Def. stain 75 6c 6310 Dry 63 C 2 6223 Dry AB 63 - Atomite - Lorite WG-XF - Magnesium silicateV.F. - Calcium LinoleateBase 846 Dry - Calcium Stearate 6300 Dry - Calwhite ClaCO, 6232 Dry - Nytal 300 J The Emulsion Research Laboratory has suggested the use of polypyrrolidone K30 (General Aniline Film Corp.) as a bodying agent for sub-s-tandard batches of Flat-Tone that are low in viscosity. Various amounts Of a 25$ solution of polypyrrolidone K30 were added to several batches of Flat-Tone found to be low in viscosity. The paints were checked for viscosity stability over a period of four weeks. The viscosity data relative to the changes in consistency are reported below: Composition of Solution Used in laboratory Tests 25$ Polypyrrolidone K30 25$ Hexylene Glycol - (4 A 10) 50$ Diacel^one Alcohol (4l6) -24- 0007-SWP-045502 0007-SWP-000114874 Paint Research July, 1955 fl6S. - Cont. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 860 Using Polypyrrolidone K30 to Stabilize Viscosity on Storage Paint Tested 25$ Pyrrolidone Solution (Used Per Quart) Viscosity #5 Orifice at 75 F Initial Initial No Agent With Agent 4 Days 1 Week 4 Vtev Rx 860 01^35 None 11.2" -- 10.6" 10.6" 10.0 Rx 860 Cl*+35 l/l6 FI. Oz. 11.2" 17" 16.6" 16.4" 15.0' Rx 860 C1435 1/4 FI. Oz. 11.2" 74.8" 57.4" 56.4" 44.2! Rx 860 C1435 1/2 FI. Oz. Rx 862 C1125 Patio Pink Rx 862 C1125 Patio Pink Rx 881 C1255A Gulf Stream Blue None 1/8 FI. Oz. None Rx 88l C1255A Gulf Stream Blue Rx 879 C2994Saddle Thn Rx 879 C2994 Saddle Tan Rx 878 CIO85A. Crest Green Rx 878 CIC85A Crest Green 1/8 FI- Oz. None 1/2 FI. Oz. None 1/2 FI. Oz. 11.2" 9.2" 9.2" 9.4" 9.4" 5.2" 5.2" 7.8" 7-8" Too Heavy -- 13.2" Too Heavy 9.0" 12.6" Too Heavy 9.2'J 13-4" Too Heavy 8.2" 11.2' -- 13.8" -- 10.2" -17.6" 9.2" 20.4" -- --- 8.9" 23.0" 5.4" 12.8" 8.2" 19.6" 7.8" 20.0' 5-2" 11.6" 6.8" !3.5' Sindar Anti-Oxidants in Rx 860 The Sindar Corporation has furnished samples of three anti oxidants for evaluation: Butoxy Safrole Stabilizer 9A Stabilizer 9AD -25- 0007-SWP-045503 Paint Research July, 1955 Hie two stabilizers 9A and. 9AD are experimental materials and would range in price from approximately $0.00 to $1.60 per pound in drum quantities as compared with Butoxy Safrole at approximately $4.00 to $4.50 per pound. Hie agents were compared with methyl ethyl ketoxime at equal concentrations in Flat-Tone White. Hie three anti-oxidants from Sindar have a tendency to retard the drying slightly as compared with methyl ethyl ketoxime. Stabilizer 9AD in general was the best of the three samples submitted. It was slightly better than methyl ethyl ketoxime in anti-skinning character istics, definitely better in odor but decreased the drying somewhat more than the regular anti-oxidant. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel White Anti-Oxidants From Sindar Corp. Oxidant 332 T No Agent Concentration Anti-Oxidant 100 gal. -133JL Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime 1/8 gal. 334 T Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime 1/4 gal. 335 T Butoxy Safrole 1/8 gal. 336 T Butoxy Safrole l/4 gal. Skinning After Days Indicated 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days Drying 8 hr. 24 hr. Heavy Skin Heavy Skin Heavy Skin Heavy Skin Heavy Skin Heavy Skin No Skin No Skin SI. skin in 3/4 full qt. can NO Test No Test -r qt skinned \ qt skinned 3/4 qt skinned No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Test i qt O-K. | qt V. SI. skin 3/4 qt si. skin No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Test qt O.K. | qt O.K. 3/4 qt V. Si. Skin Very Good Very Good Very Good Very Good Good Very Good Soft Fair 4 No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Tsst A- qt O.K. | qt O.K. 3/4 qt SI. Skin Soft Fair -26- 0007-SWP-045504 0007-SWP-000114876 - Cont. Paint Research July, 1955 Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel White Anti-Oxidants From Sindar Corp. `'Batch FAnti-Oxidant 337 T 338 T 339 T 3l0 T Stabilizer 9A Stabilizer $A Stabilizer 9AD Stabilizer 9AD 1 Concentration SAnti-Oxidant Iper 100 Gal. l/8 gal. lA gal. 1/8 gal. lA gs-1- fflrinning [[After Days ias Indicated 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days k Days 5 Days 6 Days ring 8 hr. 2k hr. No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Test h qt Bad Skin 2 qt Bad Skin 3A qt Bad Skin No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Test | qt O.K. \ qt O.K. 3A qt v. si. Skin No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Test y qt Bad Skin f qt Bad Skin 3A qt Bad Skin No Skin No Skin No Skin No Test No Test 1 qt O.K. \ qt O.K. 3A qt Def Skin Soft Fair 1 Soft Fair Soft Good Soft Good - Odor Test on Sindar Anti-Oxidants BPaint Anti-Oxidant Amount Odor of Odor Test Odor Test Per 100 Gal. Paint in Can in Gal. Can in Odor 1 K32 T 333 T 334 T 335 T ffv F336 T H' p337 T |338 t 339 T : 34o T No Agent -- Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime Butoxy Safrole l/8 gal. lA gal. 1/8 gal. Butoxy Safrole lA gal- Stabilizer 9A l/8 gal. Stabilizer 9A lA gal- Stabilizer 9AD l/8 gal. Stabilizer 9AD lA gal. 9 9 No Test 5 No Test No Test 5 67 8 No Test No Test 8 No Test No Test 6 No Test No Test 6 No Test No Test 7 89 7 78 Rating 10 - 0 from excellent to very poor -27- 0007-SWP-045505 0007-SWP-000114877 Paint Research August> 1955 - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation Multi-Purpose Bases in Roc 860 Additional test3 were run to check the vashability characterv. istics of Flat-Tone when shaded with Multi-Purpose Bases and regular :oil bases. The results indicate that Flat-Tone shaded with Multi -purpose Bases is somewhat inferior in washability to Flat-Tone shaded - with oil bases. Base Used Vashability Cycles Required to Remove Stains EUSi Blue Ink Soiling Compound j;#363 - Multi-Purpose Blue EL 44 - Blue Oil Base 94 Definite stain after 500 cycles 29 Slight stain after 500 cycles 144 129 ;.#349 - Multi-Purpose Fellow 82 Definite stain after 500 cycles II- Fellow Oil Base 90 Slight stin after 500 cycles 86 79 #353 - Multi-Purpose Ferrite Base ;BI 40 - Ferrite Oil Base '#354 - Multi-Purpose Red ^BO 1 - Red Oil Base 49 24 15B 31 #352 - Multi-Purpose Black CB 7286 - Black Oil Base 68 16 Definite stain after 500 cycles Slight stain after 500 cycles Definite stain after 500 cycles Slight stain after 500 cycles Definite stain after 500 cycles Slight stain after 500 cycles 68 52 70 33 54 40 The Resin Research Department has furnished samples of magne sium Rosin Amine D soaps RE 3439 #1 and RE 3439 #2 for evaluation as flow agents in Rx 860. The two magnesium Rosin Amine D soaps were used to the extent of five pounds per 100 gallons. In previous tests magne-- Rosin Amine D soaps have produced high flow in exterior house paints, n used in Flat--Tone White, however, these soaps gave no improvement flow. D007-SWP-045506 0007-SWP-0001 Paint Research August, 1955 The Resin Research Department has submitted RE 5446, a glycerol PE, phthalic, fumaric soya varnish for experimental thixo tropic flat wall paint studies. RE 3446 had a cure of 41 seconds, body of Z at 50$ solids, acid value 47 and color 11. Experimental flats made with RE 3446 are low in body and short in flow. This vehicle exhibited no thixotropic properties in conjunction with the Flat-Tone pigmentation. The Cleveland Technical Service Department has submitted two samples of their latest developments on Alkyd Flat Enamel White Rx 860 using pure titanium dioxide. The production dates are A 2095 and A 2065. The two formulations were compared with Rx 860 card 7 and card 8, and Lucas Dura-Vel Flat. The two pure titanium dioxide formulations and Flat-Tone White Rx 860 card 8 are not satisfactory in brushing or flow. The material dated A 2095 is too sticky whereas Rx 860 card 8 and Rx 860 - A 2065 appeared to cut through due to low vehicle solids. The production dated A 2095 and A 2065 is also low in opacity as com pared with card 7 and 8, Lucas Dura-Vel is toe high in flow and brushed too easily for proper hiding and film thickness. Rex No. Flat-Tone White Using Various Pigmentations and Lucas Dura-Vel White Alkvd Odorless Flat Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Lucas Dura-V el Date o t 0J Number Card No. A 2985 Special A 2065 Special C 2135 Card 7 0J 403 T Order Card 8 Ho. F 5750 Viscosity #5 Orifice 19.4" 14.0" 17.6" 12.4" 15.2" Brushing 77 9 Slightly Brush cuts too sticky through 7 Too easy Brush cuts through Flow 6 7 8 7 High, sags. Dtying (over night) 9 10 9 9 3 Sheen (85 gloss) 5 5 20 10 8 Brightness 87.1 86.0 88.2 88.8 88.8 nixing 97.9$ vContrast Ratio Vet Film) 95.1$ 95.2$ 94.9$ 90.3$ 91.6$ (Contrast Ratio Dry Film) 91.8$ -23 95.2$ 94.7$ 93.7$ 0007-SW P-045507 0007-SWP-000114879 Paint Research August, 1955 162- Cont Rex No. Flat-Tone White Using Various Pigmentations and Lucas Dura~Vel White Alkyd Odorless Flat Cont. Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Lucas Dura-Vcl Pate or OJ Number Card No. A 29B5 Special A 2065 Special C 2135 Card 7 0J 403 T Card 8 Order No. F 5750 Uniformity of Sheen 69 98 7 Uniformity of Tint 10 9 99 10 Hold-out over Torture Board Vasbability (Over glue size) 10 9 677 478 98 236 416 9 285 Stain Removal (cycles required to remove stain) Dust 70 70 243 274 >500 Trace stain Blue Ink 500 SI. stain' 500 SI. stain >500 >500 SI. Del. stain stain >500 Bad stain Soiling Compound 60 80 173 212 >500 Trace stain PVC 6956 74:6 6456 69.556 68. 856 The Chicago Varnish-Resin Laboratory has prepared a higher .bodied (37 A 14) under the code CTV 9122, also a thixotropic vehicle CTV 9123 for our inspection. CTV 9122 - Glycerol, P.E., phthalate, Fumric, rosin, soya varnish. Color 4-5. Cure 8. NVM 30#. A.V. 20.8. Body M +. CTV 9123 - Resin - XREC 19 plus CM 93 Oil - Soya Body - Gel. Cure - 15", A.V. - 17.3, Solids 40$ -24- 0007-SWP-045508 0007-SWP-0001 JLmE* Faint Research August, 1955 The T. F. Washburn Company also furnished us with one gallon of Bumok 3540 based on low odor solvents for evaluation in Rx 860. The above three vehicles and (37 A 14) were compared for gen eral performance in Flat-Tone White for brushing, flow, drying, sheen, vashability, etc. CTV 9122 appeared to be similar to (37 A 14) in gen eral performance. The higher body obtained with CTV 9122 in Rx 860 produced slightly more feel under the brush which was advantageous due to the cut through tendencies inherent to the present formulation, card 8. The thixotropic vehicle CTV 9123 produced a fairly good flat. The brushing properties and flow were good and the uniformity of tint appeared slightly better than the regular formula. The drying properties of the flat were not quite equal to the regular material based on (37 A 14). Additional tests will be run on this varnish as soon as additional mater ial can be made for test purposes. The Bumck 3540 made with lew odor solvents did not produce the thixotropic properties in Rx 860 that we previously obtained with the regular Burnolc 3540 liquid. The flat was very short in flow and free in brushing characteristics. Flat-Tone White Alkyd Flat Enamel _________ Vehicle Variations Rex No. Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Experimental No. 403 T 404 T 402 T 395 T Formula Card No. 8888 Vehicle Under Test (37 A 14) CTV 9122 CTV 9123 Bumok ;3540: in Low Odor Thinner Viscosity #5 (Fresh) (Over night) 12.4" 9.4" 15.2" 16.2" 35" 25" Flow Drying (over night) Sheen (85 gloss) brightness Brush cuts through 10 83.8$ 7 (Tco easy) 89.0$ 88.3$ 5 8 7 88.3$ -25- 0007-SWP-045509 0007-SWP-000114881 Paint Research August, 1955 162 - Cent. Rex No. Experimental No. Flat-Tone White Alkyd Flat Enamel Vehicle Variations Cent. Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 Rx 860 403 T 404 T 402 T 395 T Formula Card No. 8 888 Vehicle Under Test (37 A 14) CTV 9122 CTV 9123 Burnok 3540 in Low Odor Thinner Hiding (Contrast Ratio Wet Filn) 94.9$ 95.3$ 94.6$ 94.7$ Hiding (Contrast Ratio Dry Film) 94,75 94.9$ 95.0$ 94.3$ Uniformity of Sheen 8 8-1/2 8-1/2 7 Uniformity of Tint 9 10 10 9 Hold-out Over Torture Board 8 9 9 9 Vashahility (over glue size) 416 cycles 158 619 cycles cycles 521 cycles Stain Removal (cycles required to remove stain) Dust 274 185 110 95 Blue Ink >500 >500 >500 Definite'- Bad Definite stain stain stain >500 Definite stain Soiling Compound PVC 212 69.5$ 170 69.5$ 120 69.5$ 40 69.5$ 0007-SWP-045510 0007-SWP-000114882 Paint Research August, 1955 The Resin Research Department has prepared three varnishes based on the (37 A 14} formulation using the three low odor thinners .as listed below: RE 3303 RE 3303 RE 3303 Glycerol, P.E., phthalate, Fumaric, rosin......... Soya Soya (150) Soltrol 130 Phillips Petroleum Co. So.vasol #55 Socony-Vacuum Co. 7056 Odorless Mineral Spirits Standard Oil Co. 70$ HI 9 9- 17.6 17.6 55 30$ 30$ The three vehicles were compared for general performance in Flit-Tone White Rx 860, Card 7. The 'Sdvasol and Odorless Mineral Spirits from Standard produced slightly higher viscosities than (130) bat they were equivalent in odor and other performance characteristics. Chart follows -27- 0007-SWP-045511 0007-SWP-000114883 ;-o' . Paint Research August, 1955 Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Rx 860 Comparison of Sovasol No. 55 and Standard Odorless Mineral Spirits With (150) |Batch No. Vehicle H Solvent ' Height per Gallon ^Viscosity #5 - Fresh Over night Grind. |Brushing jfllow 576 T RE 5505 (150) 12.10 16.8" 13.6" 4-1/2 H Good Good - 577 T 578 T RE 5505 Sovasol #35 RE 3505 Standard Odorless M.S. 12.13 12.15 19.2" 16.4" 20 .8" 17.0" 4-1/2 H 4-1/2 H ` Good Good Good - Good - Drying (over night) JSheen (85 Gloss) EHnifornsity of Sheen |l!niformity of Tint Good 18 Good Good Good 16 Good Good Good 18 Good Good |Hold-out over Various Surfaces Good Good Good IVashability (over glue size) 203 207 165 \ Stain Removal (with sponge) (Cycles required for removal ' stain) Dust 40 Blue Ink 500 , stain Soiling Compound Odor 120 Good 35 400 110 Good 25 400 no Good -28- 0007-SWP-045512 0007-SWP-000114884  | - Cant. Paint Research August, 1955 ^ The Special Rx 860 formulation submitted by Cleveland Techsideal Service was made and tested under code OJ 542 (see data). This ^formulation is based on Titanox C 50, 6232 dry - Nytal 300 and 6300 dry ; Calvhite. The suggested formulation is similar to Rx 860 card 6 in ^brushing, shorter in flow, slightly less uniform and lower in sheen S and slightly better in vashability. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel White batch Mo. OJ 342 Special Rx 860 Cleveland Formulation Rx 860, C 1125 CanI 6 f: | R. Pigmentation 1- . (66 L 15 Dry (6300 ' (6232 " (6310 " (63 C 2 " (6223 11 450 lb. 200 " 100 - - - 450 lb, - - 200 lb, 50 " 25 " jt'pvc 64% 64% ^Brushing Flow | Drying (over night) f Sheen (85 Gloss) Uniformity of Sheen 9 7 9 7 7 9 8 9 22 9 Uniformity of Tint 6 8 Hold-out over Various Surfaces 9 9 Vashability (over glue size) 174 207 Stain Removal Dust 53 cycles 78 eye Blue Ink >500 Definite stain >500 Trace of s Soiling Compound 110 cycles 200 cycles 66 L 15 Dry - Titanox C 50 6600 " - Ti02 Anatase 6232 11 - Nytal 300 6510 Dry - Atomite 63 C 2 " - Lorite WG 6223 " - Magnesium Silicate V. F. 0007-SW P-045513 0007-SWP-000114885 Paint Research September, 1955 -12- 77 - Pigment Studies A sample of Vansil, an experimental precipitated calcium silicate, was submitted for test by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company, ft It is hydrophilic in nature due to precipitation in the presence of 6 n pawn amount of starch. Particle size is extremely fine, being below one tenth of a micron, but some aggregates are present. P' Several comparisons were made against Vollastonite, a natural calk - cium silicate and Santocel, a very finely divided silica. An oil | V absorption test gave a value of 25 for vJollastonite, 135 for Vansil j|> and 300 for Santocel. Replacement of Santocel with Vansil, if pos it-' sible, appeared attractive since Vansil can be produced for about ten cents per pound. A low sheen varnish was produced by grinding 0.5 pound o:f Santocel into a gallon of Rexpar. The same varnish with a full pound of Vansil retained a high gloss so that this pigment does not appear to be useful as a gloss modifier. The supplier states that Vansil is difficult to disperse in oil media. In our tests it dispersed quite readily, both in varnish and in an oil base house paint. Partial and complete substitution for the extender in SWP Redwood Velvet Flat was made with Vansil. Paints wore formulated to maintain standard viscosity. These paints showed rather high gloss and the low sheen characteristic of SWT Velvet Plat could not be ob tained with Vansil. Drying time was retarded considerably, even when the normal drier content was doubled. Vansil appears to act as a drier absorbent. Only a preliminary test could be made in a FVA paint in conparison. with Wollastonite due to the Ruin'll amount of material avail able. It disperses quite readily and may serve as a useful extender in emulsion paints. Since Vansil demonstrates a number of unusual properties, further tests are planned. 0007-SWF-045514 0007-SWP-000114886 Paint Research September, 1955 -19- #162 -- Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Work was continued on the reformulation of Flat-Tone with thixotropic vehicles from the T. F. Washburn Company, Fred'k A. Stresen-Rauter, Inc. and Lowe Brothers. The Bumok vehicles and Lowe Brothers LV 4040 were compared with (37 A 14) at equal solids in Rx 860. The experimental Flat-Tones were evaluated for general performance characteristics such as brushing, flow, drying, uniformity, etc. The Burnok 3540 from T, F. Washburn is somewhat superior to the Stresen-Reuter Burnok 9500-1 vehicle in brushing and flow. However, both Bumok vehicles are deficient in the latter property. The Lowe Brothers LV 4040 produced high consistency and slightly sticky brush ing in the Flat-Tone formulation. Additional work on the reformulation of the pigmentation is indicated to obtain the flow, body and brushing properties desired in a thixotropic paint of this type. Flat-Tone White Rx 860 (Card 8) Using Thixotropic Paint Vehicles From T. F. Washburn. Fred'k A. Streson-Reuter and Lowe Bros. Batch No. 403 T 457 T 458 T 459 T Vehicle (37 A 14) Bumok 3500-1 Burnok 3540 Lowe Bros. LV 4040 Viscosity #5 - S-esh 10.6" Too hvy to run Too hvy to run Too hvy to run Brushing Flow Drying (over night) Good 8 3 7 Too hvy 6 9 OK for Slightly this type too sticky of paint 77 9. 9 Sheen (85 Gloss) 3 888 Uniformity of Sheen 8 388 Uniformity of Tint 9 888 Hold-out (torture board) Washability (Over glue size) 9 108 cycles 8 282 cycles 7 405 cycles 9 609 cycles 0007-SWP-045515 0007-SWP-000114887 #162 - Cont- Paint Research September, 1955 -20- Flat-Tone White Rx 860 (Card 8) Chart Cont. Batch No. V ehicle 403 T 457 T (37 A 14) Burnok 9500-1 458 T Burnok 3540 459 T Lowe Bros. LV 4040 Stain Removal (Cycles required for removal) Dust 40 50 42 50 Blue Ink >500 >500 >500 >500 Definite Definite Definite Definite stain stain stain stain Soiling Compound 56 79 50 50 The Nuodex Products Company has furnished a new sample of Exkin No. 3 Batch 9974 for inspection and test. Earlier samples of this material have developed odor in the package after several weeks' storage, when used in Rx 830. The new sample of Exkin No. 3 Batch 9974 represented an improvement in odor characteristics over the previous sample which Chicago and Cleveland tested. The anti-skinning and odor characteristics of Exkin No. 3 batch 9974 are superior to l/8 or l/4 gallon (1950), methyl ethyl ketoxime, in Rx 860. The Exkin was used to the extent of 1, 2, 3 and 4 pounds per 100 gallons of Flat-Tone. The three and four pound addi tions. however, have produced some odor but not as much as 1/4 goD.lon (1950) per 100 gallons of flat. If the Nuodex Products Company can supply material equivalent to the sample batch No. 9974, we believe it would be superior to (1950). Cleveland Technical Service will also report their findings on this sample. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-045516 t 0007-SWP-000114888 Paint Research September, 1955 -21- ^162 - Cont Flat-Tone White - Rx 860 Anti-skinning Tests Paint Agent A None Amount of Aeent/100 Gal. - Condition of Paint After 1 Day 2 Davs 3 Davs 6 Davs Heavy Heavy skin skin Heavy skin Heavy skin B Methyl Ethyl 1/8 Gal. K etoxime C n 1/4 " D Exkin No. 5 1 lb. E tt II 2 lb. F It II 3 lb. G u n 4 lb. Ho skin It II It tl Slight Def. skin skin Heavy Skin V. sit Slight Heavy skin skin skin Slight Slight Heavy skin skin skin V. sit Sit + skin skin Definite skin V. sit Slight Sit + skin skin skin V. sit V. sit Slight skin skin skin Some production batches of Flat-Tone White and tints made during the past year have lost consistency in the package on storage. The Chicago plant was therefore instructed in June to pass ell produc tion at a minimum viscosity of 15 seconds. Samples of all production made after June 17 has been held in storage and checked for viscosity at various periods. Based on viscosity readings to date it appears that the higher initial passing viscosity is quite satisfactory. We have noted, some loss in viscosity after sight weeks' storage but not sufficient to detract from the brushing qualities. 0007-SWP-045517 0007-SWP-0001 Paint Research September, 1955 -22- #162 - Cont. Viscosities on Factory Production Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Made After June 17 Rx No. Date Wt. /Gal, Viscosity #5 Cup (in seconds) Fresh 2 Weeks 4 V7eeks 8 Weeks 881 C 1685 11.58 13.8 18.8 16.2 15.2 866 C 1755 11.41 14.4 - 12.8 11.2 860 C 1965 12.28 16.0 19.4 18.6 860 C 2005 11.81 17.6 - 10.2 9.4 860 C 2065 12.11 14.8 - 14.2 13.2 860 C 2095 12.22 13.8 - 14.2 13.8 896 C 2095 11.53 12.0 - 11.0 10.0 864 C 2095 11.33 14.6 _ 15.4 15.0 869 C 2105 11.41 18.4 16.6 14.4 881 C 2105 11.36 13.0 12.2 12.6 860 C 2135 12.18 14.6 16.2 17.2 862 C 2135 11.51 14. 12.8 11.4 878 C 2135 11.45 - 15.6 16.2 860 C 2165 12.33 14.2 15.2 12.0 863 C 2175 11.23 - 16.2 14.8 879 C 2175 11.26 '- 12.8 12.2 874 C 2175 11.01 13.4 - 13.4 869 C 2185 11.35 - 15.2 13.6 860 C 2215 12.31 - 16.8 - 874 C 2375 11.10 12.0 12.6 12.4 878 C 2495 11.71 - 17.8 868 C 2515 11.46 13.6 18.6 879 C 2515 11.17 14.4 14.2 881 C 2555 11.45 17.6 18.8 In the monthly report for July, page 24, a reference is made to the initial tests on the use of polyvinyl pyrrolidone K 30 as a bodying agent for sub-standard batches of Flat-Tone found to be low in viscosity. Additional work has been completed on the evaluation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone K 30 in low consistency batches of Flat-Tone Gulfstream Blue Rx B81, Saddle Tan Rx 879 and Patio pink ftx 362. The polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution used as the additive was cut in hexylene glycol and diacetone alcohol. Composition of Solution 25$ Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K 30 254i Hexylene Glycol - (4 A 10) 5C$ Diacetone Alcohol (416) The polyvinyl pyrrolidone K 30 solution is quite effective as a codying agent in these rexes. The experimental test data and viscosity readings follow: 0007-SW P-045518 0007-SWP-000114890 Paint Research September, 1955 #162 - Cont. -23- Low Viscosity Flat-Tone Treated With Polyvinvl Pyrrolidone K 30 Rx 881 C 1125 A As is Rx 881 C 1125 A Plus 3/B Gal. P.V.P./lOO Rx 879 C 2994 As is Rx 379 C 2994 Plus 1-1/2 gal. P.V.P./lOO Rx 862 C 1125 As is Rx 862 C 1125 Plus 3/8 gal. P.V.P./100 Brushing Very easy Easy OK OK Very easy Easy OK OK Very easy Easy OK OK Flow Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly Slightly short short short short short short Drying OK OK OK OK OK OK Uniformity of Good sheen on lap Good Good Good Good Good Uniformity of Good -- color on lap Good - Good - Good - ...Good, except... for hiding. Spackle Board Good Uniformity Good Poor Good Good Good Sheen 85 Photovolt 10 10 11 10 88 Vashability over: (Cycles) Glue Size 254 210 Dust 25 40 Soiling Comp,. 25 25 Ink 425 425 200 146 23 25 23 25 350 400 250 268 18 42 50 54 >500 >500 V ery slight stain Viscosity #5 Initial 4 Days 7 Days 4 Weeks 8 Weeks 9.4" 9.2" 8.9" 7.8" 7.2" 13.6" 20.4" 23.0" 20.0" 20.8" 5.2" - 5.4" 5.2" 5.0" 10.2" - 12.8" 11.6" 12.2" 9.2" S.2" 8.9" 7.8" 7.2" 13.2" 12.6" 13.4" 11.2" 12.4" 0007-8WP-045519 0007-SWP-000114891 Paint Research October, 1955 -11- 1162 - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation An investigation has been under way to reformulate FlatTone to improve flow and roller coating quality as well as washability. The Resin Research Department has submitted several vari ations for evaluation. Varnish Resin lype Phthalic Oil Body Cure A. V. Color Solids RE 1037 Glyc.-P .E. fumaric rosin RE 1039 n Ortho M Soya t> G-H 14" G + 14 19 19.5 7 10 30% If RE 1041 RE 3361 RE 3367 RE 3368 RE 3371 RE 5372 !1 n u ii it it It It H - IT 15 7-8 ft Iso ff D 9 19.2 6 ff II If F - 12 20 4+ If Ortho n H 10 21.1 4 ff Iso n J 10 20.5 3-4 If If ft J ' 6-7 '25 4 W RE 3573 RE 3374 tt l? Ortho it G 11 19.5 3 + tl If H I . 10 25 6-7 ff RE 3378 VI Iso ff G 8-9 25.5 4 ff The various experimental varnishes ere compared with (37 A 14) for flow characteristics in a flat wall paint formulation similar to Rx 86*1 Card 8. With the exception of RE 3378 all experimental produced approximately the same flow as (37 A 14). However, RE 33 78 has defin itely better flow than the present (37 A 14) production. The Chicago plant has been requested to manufacture a pilot plant batch of this var nish for further tests. Samples of the pilot plant batch 'will be dis tributed to all laboratories interested in evaluating the new varnish. 0007-SWP-045520 1162 - Coni. Paint Research October, 1955 -12- Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel White was treated with 1, 2, 5, 4 and 5 gallons of (4920) silicone solution per hundred gallons to determine what effect it might have on the washability or stain removal properties. When scrubbed with a 1$ soap solution and Eon-Ami no improvement in washability was evident on paints containing the sili cone solution. Batch Number (4920) Silicone Solution Cvcles Required to Remove Stain Washability Soiling Over Glue Dust Blue Ink Compound Rx 860 Card 8 Paint A Paint B Paint C Paint D Paint E Hone 1 gal./lOO gal. paint 2 II 11 11 11 3 I) 1! 11 It 4 It 11 11 5 If tt It 425 cycles 300 n 195 ir 205 it 195 it 155 it 110 500 Def. stain remaining 105 ii no n 105 it U5 ii 75 m 210 140 150 160 175 140 The addition of silicone to Rx 660 actually decreased the washability over glue size end no improvement in stain removal was evident. At the last Trade Sales Technical Board meeting held in Chicago Mr. Willis, of the Emulsion Research, distributed several 1/4 ounce tubes of a 7-l/2$ solids blend of one part Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone K 60 and one part Polyvinyl Pyrroliaone K 90 in hexylene glycol. The l/4 ounce tubes of FVP were used to treat several samples of Flat--Tone production of different viscosities. The paints were cheeked Tor brushing, flow and body characteristics. The PVP solution gave some thixotropic properties to the Flat-Tone but not to the same degree is found in flats made with the Burnok liquids. Some batches of Flat-Tone showed little tendency to body by -the addition of the PVP solution. Low consistency batches (7 seconds) can be treated without harmful effects on brushing. How ever, Flat-Tone of standard viscosity (15 to 20 seconds Ho. 5 orifice) treated with PVP is not sufficiently thixotropic for proper application. The PVP solution appeared to have no effect on the flow of the ftx 860 or Rx 881.- The high shear readings reported below are indicative of the actunl brusbability. 0007-SWP-045521 0007-SWP-000114893 Paint Research October, 1955 -13- Rx Wo. Date Viscositv #5 Cup After F/P* Initial Addition 330 C 1965 20" 85" 881 C 1225 A 7 63.5 881 C 2555 16.2 120" + l/8 cup *i/4 02. PVP solution per quart of paint. High Shear Readings After PVP* Initial Addition 2.8 poises 4.8 poises 1.5 " 2.4 " 2.5 " 3.6 " SWP Gloss V,'hite Rx 471 and SWP Flat White Al W 11 were treated with 5% solutions of K 30 and K 90 PVP in hexylene glycol. They were also treated with the blend of K 60 and K 90 PVP as evaluated in the Flat-Tone formulations for Rx 860 and Rx 881. SWP Gloss White Rx 471 treated with the FTP solutions did not increase in body. SWP Flat White Al W 11 showed some tendency to body with the blend of K 30 and X 90 but not with the 5% solutions of K 60 or K 30 PVP. The Resin Research Department has submitted several surfactants for evaluation in Flat-Tone. The object of this investigation was to determine what effect such agents would have on brushing, flow, body, and uniformity of tint and sheen over surfaces of various porosities, etc. Samples of Flat-Tone were treated with Z% dimethyl octynediol, iso-butyl methacrylate, Aerosol OT, Pluronic L 64, Span 20 and Span 80. The paints were checked for body before and after the addition of surf actants cud torture board panels were prepared to check uniformity of tint. The paints were then treated >?ith sufficient (25 C 11) or poly vinyl pyrrolidone to increase the viscosity from approximately 10 seconds to approximately 17 seconds on #5 orifice. The paints were then re painted on torture boards to evaluate hold-out and comparative perform ance of (25 C 11) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as bodying agents for FlatTone. The data covering these tests are reported in the following chart. 0007-SWP-045522 0007-SWP-000114894 Paint Research October, 1955 -14- #162 - Cont. Batch Agent 2% on V ehicle Solids Surfactant Evaluation in Flat-Tone Crest Green Rx 878 Viscosities -zJlc____ TorVith After ture Fresh Agent 2 dG. e Board After Addition of (25 C 11) PVJHH*- Vis Vis- cos Tor cos- Tor- ity ture ity ture if5 Boaid #5 Board 522 T None 9.6" 9.6" 9.8" 10 16" 10 17.4" 9 523 T Span 20 9.6' 8.8 9.0 10* 14.4 10 15.6 10* 524 T Span 80 9.6 8.6 8.4 9 14.2 10* 15.2 9 525 T Pluronic 9.6 11.4 11.4 L 64 10* 15 8 17 9 526 T I sobutyl 9.6 9.2 Meth acrylate 9.6 10* 16 10* 16.6 10* 527 T Dimethyl 9.6 9.0 8.4 9 17.6 10* 17.6 10 octynediol 528 T Aerosol OT 9.6 9.6 9.2 ' 9 17.4 9 17.6 10 Note: The various surfactants have only minor effects on the drying at 2% additions except Pluronic L 64 which retards the over night drying properties. 'The 10* rating is slightly inferior to the regular 10 rating. **25% Solution Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone K 50 0007-SWP-045523 0007-SWP-000114895 Paint Research November, 1955 -16- #162 - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation . The Resin Research Department prepared several more vari ations of the current flat wall paint vehicle (37 A 14). All were glyceryl, fumaric, PE, rosin alkyds using soya oil, all at 30^ solids, using phthalic anhydride or isophtbalic acid as identified in the table of paint characteristics listed below, all with di-tertiary butyl peroxide. The pilot plant batch of isophthalic RE 3380, coded (37 C 58), was substandard in acid value and body. Additional work was required to correlate laboratory and plant cooking procedures. Other character istics of the several varnishes were as follows: Varnish Body Cure Acid Value Color (37 C 58) RE 3380 RE 3395 RE 3389 RE 3396 RE 3397 RE 1083 E+ G+ G-H G-H F F H 13" 13 10 6 10 9 10 53 21.3 16.5 19 10.8 14 22.2 6 4-5 6 4 6 6 6 Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Vhite Rsine Variations of (37 A 14) Experimental No. 532 T 625 T 626 T 629 T 633 T 634 T Pigmentation Same as Revised pigment Card 8 Varnish (37A14) RE 3395 RE 358S1 RE 3396 RE 3397 RE 1083 Phthalic Viscosity Fresh 24 hours 6 days Grind Brushing Flow Ortho Iso Ortho Iso Iso Iso 16" 18.6" 13" (14 days) 17.6" 22.0" 26.8" 11.0" 11.6" 14.8" 19.6" 20.4" 38.6" 22.6" 3 days 22.2" 25.6" 24.8" 5 days 42.2" 47.6" 4-1/2 H 4 H 4-1/2 H 4-1/2 H 4-1/2 H 4-1/2 H Good Good Very good Slight Slight Definite pull pull pill Short Excess Moderate Excess Good Excess 0007-SW P-045524 Paint Research November, 1955 -17- d'162 - Coni. Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel White Using Variations of (37 A 14) (Cont.) Experimental No. 532 T 625 T 626 T 629 T 633 T 634 T Pigmentation Varnish Same as Revised pigment Card 8 (37A14) RE 3395 RE 3389 RE 3396 RE 3397 RE 1083 Phthalic Ortho Iso Ortho Iso Iso Iso Drying (over night) O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. Gloss (85 unit) 8 5 67 6 7 Uniformity of obeen Fair - C-ood - Good - Good - Good - Good (on IS minute lap) Uniformity of Tint Very (Torture Board) good Very good Very good Very good Very good Vary good Vsshability (over glue) 304 451 279 302 265 315 cycles cycles cycles cycles cycles cycles Stain Removal Dust 108 140 91 75 122 109 Staining Compound 171 161 139 178 179 150 Blue Ink >500 >500 >500 >500', >500 >500 Definite Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight stain stain stain stain stain stain Work was continued on the investigation of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone for use as a bodying agent for flat wall paints. Solutions of FVP cut in isopropyl alcohol, ethyl cellosolve, ethyl alcohol and diacetone alcohol have been tested. The K 60 and K 90 solutions were used to the extent of 1/4 fl oz per pint of Flat-Tone White and the paint was checked for thixotropic properties. The K 60 and K 90 solutions all produced some bodying effects in Flat-Tone. However, in all cases where the body was increased the brushing properties became more sticky. The isopropyl alcohol solutions blended rather poorly with Flat-Tone and there appeared to be a break in the solution. The diacetone alcohol and ethyl cellosolve produced too much odor. 0007-SWP-045525 0007-SWP-000114897 #162 - Cont. Paint Research November; 1955 -18- The results of our tests vere not satisfactory in the use of PVP to obtain thixotropic properties in flat vail paints. Flat-Tone bodied vith PVP has high shear readings in a range from throe to five poises whereas competitive Bumok flat wall paints are in the range of 1.3 to 2.3 poises. However, some competitive samples have been found to be as high as 5.9 poises. High Shear Poises Breeze Drip-Less Flat Enamel White " " " " Coral Glow 2.5 1.9 " " " " Victorian Green 3.9 Ward's Thix-O-Flat Wall Finish White 1.6 " " " " Pistachio Green 1.3 The Victorian Green is too sticky in brushing as indicated by the high shear reading. All the other paints wore rated good in this respect. A sample of Alcolec Z from the American Lecithin Company, Inc. was compared with the regular soya lecithin (1960) in Flat-Tone White. The two lecithin samples were introduced to the extent of l/2 gallon per 100 gallons flat wall paint. Flat-Tone batches made with Alcolec Z and regular soya lecithin (1960) appeared to be similar in general per formance. The Alcolec Z gave no improvements in performance over (i960). The laboratory samples will be placed in storage to check package condition. 0007-SWP-045526 0007-SWP-000114898 Paint Research December, 1955 -17- - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation The Resin Research Department prepared several more vari ations of the flat wall paint vehicle (37 A 14). These vehicles are glycerol, fumaric, P.E., phthalate, rosin soya alkyds, all treated with di-tertiary butyl peroxide. As indicated in the November report, additional work was required to correlate laboratory and plant cooking procedures. Physical properties of the vehicles are listed in the following table. All contain 30% NVM. Vehicle Body Cure Acid Value (Color RE 3406 H 9" RE 5414 J - 6-7 RE 5415 F - 9 RE 5418 H 7-8 20 21 20 21 4 5-6 6 6+ All varnishes produced satisfactory brushing and : ties except RE 5415 which is too low in body for use in Flat-Tone. A proposed pilot plant batch of RE 5418 will bo made for further evalu ation in a plant batch of Flat-Tone White. The Fallek Products Company submitted several samples of their Agent 31-11 for evaluation as an anti-settling agent in emulsion and oil based paints. It was also stated that this agent would produce a thixotr.opic body in low odor alkyd flats. Agent 31-11 was evaluated for thixotropic properties in Flat-Tone White at concentrations of Q.1% to 0.5%' based on the total weight of paint. No increase in consistency was obtained nor did the flat wall paint exhibit any thixotropic pro perties. The Agent 31-11 has not been checked as an anti-settling agent by this laboratory. However, the Sherwin-Williams plant at Montreal has reported that Agent 31-11 showed no advantage in anti-settling pro perties over aluminum stearate end soya lecithin in a synthetic enamel and a red lead primer. 0007-SWP-04552'7 0007-SWP-000114899 0007-SWP-000114900 Paint Research January, 1954 -16- ^ifi2 - Studies in Flat Wall Faint Formulation The Resin Research Department has submitted several lov odor flat vail paint vehicles for evaluation. These vehicles are variations of (37 C 47) revised slightly in composition to improve brushing and flow. Tests were also run on a batch of RD 8524 (Lowe Bros. LV 3946) in their Odorless Mellotone fomulation. RD 7502 Glycerol-fumaric-phthalate-rosin soya-S02 bodied varnish. Body D-E. Cure - 22". A.V. - 18.8. Solids - 30?6. Solvent (1 C 12) Soltrol 150. RD 8312 Gly cerol-P .E -fumaric-phthali c-ro sin-1 ecithin-soy a varnish. Bo<ty - C. Cure - 30". A.V. - 5.4. Solids - 30*. Solvent (l C 12). RD 8314 Glycerol-P.E.-phthalic-fumaric-rosin-soya varnish. Bo^r C-D. Cure - 28'. A.V, - 4,9. Solids - 30%. Solvent (l C 12). RD 8315 Gly ceTol-fumaric-phthalic-ro sin-soya-bodied linseed varnish. Body E -. Cure - 27". A.V. - 15.2. Color - 6. Solids - 30%. Solvent (l C 12). RD 8324 P.E.-para-t-buty1 benzoic acid-Abitol-phthaliclinoleic acid varnish. Body - R. Cure - 11*. A.V. - 3.0. Solids - 30%. Solvent - Soltrol 130. (37 C 47) #2 Gly cerol-P ,,E. -fumaric-phthalate no sin-soy a varnish. Bocty - C +, Cure - 19. A.V. - 9.7. Solids - 30%. Solvent 70%. The experimental varnishes RD 8315 and RD 7502 have poor stabil ity in a flat enamel formulation and RD 8314 and RD 8312 produced low con sistencies in identical formulations. The four varnishes oould not be evaluated for brushability due to the wide variation in consistencies as compared with (37 C 47). The various flats were evaluated for general per formance characteristics. Rex 810 Card 22 - stock sample. Rex 810 - Batch 183 S. Low odor RD 8327-fumari.c version. Flat Enamel 118 S. (37 C 47) Batch #1. Flat Enamel 123 S. As 118 S but using 0.5 gallon glycerol mono-oleate per 100 gallons. Flat Enamel 184 S. Low.odor RD 8327. 0007-SWP-045529 Mellotone. Odorless formula, laboratory batch 185 S. 0007-SWP-000114901 Paint Research January, 1954 jfllS2 - Cont. -17- FLat-Tone Vhite made with experimental vehicle RD 8327 has less odor .than regular Flat-Tone Write, However, it is quite similar to the regular mat erial in all other characteristics. Flat Enamel 118 S made with (37 C 47) fumaric version has shown some tendency to increase in viscosity on storage. The particular pilot plant batch was not identical to the laboratory sample which gave good stability. An identical formulation, 123 S, made with 0.5 gal lon glycerol monooleate gave some iaprovenent in stability. Large amounts of GMO improved the stability and reduced the viscosity but had a tendency to decrease vashability and uniformity over surfaces of varying porosity. Flat Enamel 184 S made with RD 8327 P.E.-glycerol-fWaiac-phthalaterosin modified soya varnish using ditertiary butyl peroxide appeared to have good stability and general performance to date. Experimental varnish RD 8327 is to be made in the pilot plant for further evaluation. The laboratory batch of Odor less Mellotone had good performance characteristics. However, we have found the Lowe Brothers vehicle LV 3946 to be somewhat too high in body for our flat enamel pignentation. Work will be continued on this investigation. Test data for the enamels appear in the following tables B&tcb No. Rex 810 Stock Experimental Flat Baamel Data Odorless Special Flat Ehamel Flat Enamel Flat Eiiamel Mellotone Rex 810 118 S 123 S 184 S (Lab. Batch) 183 S 185 S Bami da (4113) Viscosity #5 Fresh 24 Hr. 14 Days 49 Days 8-11* 11-15" -- -- RD 8327 (37 C 47) Batch #1 10.4" 11.0" 11.0" - 16" 25" 28" 30" Brushing Blow hif. of Tint Btaia Raaoval Dust Good. Fait* + Good. 285 cycles Good Fair + Good Fair Good Very good 185 cycles 120 cycles (37 C 47) RD 8327 Batch j?l + 1/2 gal. GMO LV 3946(RD 8324) 16" 16.2" 15.8" 20.2" 12" ' 13.2" 14.9" (14.9" (13 days 12" 13.3" 15" (14.2" (18 dqys Good - Very good Vety good Good Good Good Very good Very good Very good 114 cycles 119 cycles 146 cycles Blue Ink 400 cycles Bad stain ^oiling Comp.. 400 cycles Def0 stain 400 cycles 400 cycles Bad stain SI. stain 400 cycles 99 cycles Def. stain 400 cycles 400 cycles 481 cycles SI. stain SI. stain 74 cycles 97 cycles 123 cycles 0007-SWP-O45530 00Q7-SWP-000114902 Paint Research January, 1954 -33- fRF, - Leaded Zinc Pigments Paints were prepared to compare regular leaded zincs such as 412 dry and 1424 dry with high basicity leaded zinc 18 M 68 C 6. Expo sures were made in the Weather-Ometer and at Chicago, Coffeyville and Miami* The paints include SW? Gloss White Cards 71, 75 and specials, One Coat White and tints. Panel numbers are 20404-23 CS, CS, K and F. Panels 18148-59 F, C were examined during the month. The purpose of this series is to make an exploratory evaluation of special yellow leaded zincs prepared by the Auxiliaries Research Department. These pignents are used alone and are compared with (a) 412 dry regular co-fhmed leaded zinc shaded to match the deepest of the yellow pigments and (b) regular SWP tint base shaded likewise. The special materials are identified briefly by Auxiliaries as: AUHL 2297 - fellow basic sulfate white lead. Light; slightly basic. AURL 2298 - Same, but no basicity. AUHL 2263 - Co-fumed, with basicity; 12^ leaded. AURL 2267 - Same, slightly higher basicity. AURL 2263 - 55/65 lead-zinc as 412 dry; the treatment was carried through to a considerably deeper color than the preceding four. The panels are cedar bevel siding, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater. Florida panels have been exposed 12 months, vertical south, and Chicago panels the same, north and south. On the Florida panels, the contrasts are very striking. The two special pigments containing no zinc, AURL 2297 and 2298 show extreme mildew; 2297 looks somewhat better than 2298 because the latter shows an extreme color change as well as the mildew. By contrast, the AURL 2263 and 2267, containiog zinc, show practically no mildew. The panels look very clean and bright, although the actual fading, partly chemical and partly chalk-masking, is quite sdvenced. AURL 2264 is quite good in color-retention, tut looks bad because of ildew. The straight 412 leaded zinc is clean but seriously faded; the tint ese (guide) shows both dirt and fading. 0007-SWP-045531 Paint Research January, 1954 -34- Cont. The Chicago panels show about the same gaieral trends, with less extreme mildew and fading. There is no film failure and the chalking is no heavier on any of the specials than on the tint base. The Florida panels are being retired. Obviously, the leaded zincs have possibilities in certain shades, tut it is doubtfill whether versatility cen be developed. 0007-SWP-045532 0007-SWP-000114904 Paint Research February, 1554 -13- *162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation The Resin Resoarch Department has submitted several lev odor flat vail paint vehicles, of which three represent variations of (37 C 47) revised slightly in cocking tine and temperature. The third pilot plant batch of (37 C 47) vna else included, RD 8550 A P,E,-glyceiol~fumaric~phthru.ic-rosin~oya vamisrij (Unfiltered)Body D -- E. C'jre -- 14". A,,V. - 13,4, Solids - 50$,, Solvent - Phillips Soltnsl 1E0. RD 8350 B Same as above, but filtered, RD 8350 C As above, tut 45;, solids. Body - Z,. (37 C 47) Pilot Plant #3, P.E.~glycerul-fhEaTic-phthalic--rosin-soya varnish,, body - E. A.V, - 21.5, Cure 7-6. The third pilot plant batch of (37 C 47) was very reactive in the flat enamel formulation. However, the laboratory version RD 8327 was very stable in viscosity, as indicated by the data in the following table. Based on the characteristics of these two vehicles it would appear that the high acid value and the lover cure have contributed to the poor stability of the pilot plant batch, RD 8327 has an ac-ld value of 1.3.4 and a cure of 18", Flat Enamel formulations Batch Varnish Tested Fresh Viscosity ~ #5 24 flours 3 Days 7 Days 203 SS 184 S (37 C 47) H RD 8327 19.8" 12" 23.8" 13.2" 34'" G1.8" - 15.2" (27 days) Filtered and unfiltered RD 8350 are being evaluated. Complete data 'dll appear in a later report. A number of exhibit panels on flat enamels were prepared to be shown at the Trade Sales Technical Board meeting cn March 3 and 4. The Products tested and experimental data are reported in the following charts: 0007-SWP-045533 0007-SWP-000114905 Paint Research February. 1954 162 - Con to -14Lov Odor Flat Vail Paint Evaluation Characteristics Vehicle tested Brushing Flat-Tone White Rex 910 C 5555 Low Odor Flat-Tone White 185 S_____ _ P. C. Heavy Duty 1-/685 C78 V.' 8 Reduced 12-1/2% (4113) RD 8327 (4113) 88 10 Flow 66 8 Diving - 75 F. Set-to-touch 24 hours 20 minutes 9 20 minutes 8 10 minutes 9 Viscosity - #5 Fresh 24 hr,, 4 day e - 10.4" - 11.0" 11.0" - Rays as indicated 67 days 18,8" 27 days 12" 70 days 17" Uniformity of color (On 10 min<, lap) 9 9 9 Uniformity of sheai (On 10 min. lap) 8 7 8 Unifomity of tint on various surfaces 8 8 8-1/2 Stain removal - rubs required to removes Blue inJr 200 Stained 200 Stained 200 Sli#it stain Du 3t 125 90 70 Soiling Compound 100 100 65 Raw Material Coat $110.83 $109.66 .$129.01 0007-SWP-045534 0007-SWP-000114906 Paint Research February, 1954 -15- | |162 - C0nt= Characteristic s Vehicle tested Lov Odor Flat Wall Paint Evaluation Lov Odor Flat Enamel 184 S Regular Driers Lov Odor Flat Enamel 251 S Odorless Driers RD 8527 RD 8327 77 88 Low Odor Flat Enamel 226 S UBing Titanox C 50 RD 8527 9 9 [Drying - 75 F. Set-to-touch 24 hours 45 minutes 9 60 minutes 6 40 minutes 9 jcoBity - #5 Fresh 24 hr. 4 days 12" 13.2" 14" iDsys as indicated 27 days 16, E iUnifomLty of color (On 10 min, lap) (Uniformity of ahaen. y (On 10 min. lap) [Uniformity of tint on various surfaces 18" - 25.8" . 14 days 20" 12" 15,9" 15 days 16" 9 5 9-1/2 [Stein removal - rubs required to removes Blue ink 200 200 200 Dust 100 100 100 Soiling Compound Material Cost 56 $152.27 40 - 100 $147.90 0007-SWP-045535 0007-SWP-000114907 Paint Research February, 1954 f. -16- fifig - Pont. pi.... hVia racterl 3 tic s_ 'Vehicle tested Brushing Law Odor Plat Vail Paint Evaluation Low Odor Flat Enamel 259 SS Low Cost Moleta Odorless AIVyd Flat Vhite Ho. 1117 Low Odor Mellotone Vhite 18124 - 622 RD 8350 9 10 - but when tinted, too thin. Flow 8 Drying - 75 F. f Set-to-touch j24 hr. isoosity - #5 Freeh . 24 Hr. r4 day a -y-.'i . Days as Indicated %' nifomity of Dolor '.(On 10 min, lap) Uniformity of ahem ^;(0n 10 min. lap) 'I-. Uniformi-ty of tint :'on various surfaces y, 8tain removal - rubs i, required to removal x Blue ink Duet Soiling Compound 30 minutes 9 20 minutes 9 . ". "11* 11 8 11 2 8 days 11.4" 42.8" (Uhen received) 9 110 200 Slight stain 50 60 25 minute8 9 26" (Vhen received) 10 6 9-1/2 200 Slight stain 125 170 Sli^it stain Hav Material Cost $128.68 0007-SWP-045536 Paint Research March, 1954 -22- ^7 - Physical Properties of Pigments |&.Wiph Shear Viscometer A model of the high shear instrument to be manufactured by the ier Laboratory, Inc. has been inspected and found to be quite satisatoty in some respects bit lacking in others. The Gardner model is L, easy to disassanble, requires less weight to attain the .high shear Lbcity, and appears attractive and durable. However, it was noticed iediately that for a given weight the speed of rotation of the bob ineased considerably until an equilibrium was reached. Also it was found at the clearance between bob and cup as calculated by running a standard trims' greater than the mechanical measurement. Certain recommendations ~e'jbeen made based on the assumption that most of the difficulties airise ilthe ineffective heat dissipation of this new stainless steel model Yred with the early model constructed with a brass water-jacket. . j&Caitrlfuge Packing of Piements v In previous work it was found that pignent packing by centrifugaLgit offer a means of characterizing pigment independently of the ULcle. How we find that this packing would vary too greatly with various idles without some control of the thinning or of viscosity. It is found stVpaeking, of course, is tighter the more the thinner added, but for dis`ohs with the viscosity of paints dilutions with thinner at 2:1 do not insignificantly different tightness of packing than at 5:2. This indiw$that thinning should he required and should always be greater than 1:1 his method is to be used to compare pigments. In a recent experiment varying proportions of a fine titanium piga coarse magnesium silicate were dispersed and CFVG's determined, WS CPVC1S were compared with the packing obtained by centrifugation of Osame dispersions. It is found that packing is tightest for the case of g|flne pigsent and 75% coarse pigments by volume. This checked against data and indicates some mixing of the different size pigments even Jt^^rifugation, This type of information is similar to that obtained by SX^tenium Pignent Corporation which shows how oil absorption becomes a for the proper hiaids of coaTse and fine particle pigments, which has great bearing on CFVC and pigment packing. See also Project #162. 000 '-SWP-045537 0007-SWP-000114909 Paint Research March, 1954 v.: _?W.- % -25- :gm. - Studies in Plat Vail Paint Formulation With- the advent of the new highly non-penetrating vehicles the determination of CPVC with the present method of filtration is not pos able unless nearly complete vehicle substitution is allowed. Due to the criticism of vehicle substitution on the basis that agglomeration equilibrium may be disturbed, other methods for determining CPVC are being sought. As yet a suitable method has not been found. Penetration and permeability studies which are suitable for ordinary vehicles are not entirely applicable so that consideration of the essential physical, concept appears to be the proper approach. Considering the concept of .CPVC as the FVC at which just sufficient binder is presaat to wet the pigment completely and to fill the interstitial volume of the pigaentary pack it is realizable immediately that a method of measuring the small volume of a snail dried portion of a paint accurately can solve the probem. This is true Since the PVC of the paint to be analyzed can be adjus ted so that it will dry with insufficient hinder and thus a determination of this volume determines the pigment packing in the dried state. CPVC is then the per cent of pignent by theoretical volume (specific gravity) in the measured volume of the dried film. t;:. Several methods of measuring the small volume of paint film resulting from an accurately measured one cubic centimeter portion of paint- have bean attempted. Vhile accuracy has not been attained, some 'success seans promised in the future. An ordinary water displacement determination with a specific gravity bottle may prove to be adequate : fter the precaution of a silicone treatment to prevait wetting of the: film. Also, the use.of mercury for a medium seems a promising means if certain attendant problems are solved. ' The Resin Research Department has submitted several pilot plant batches of ,(37 C 47) for evaluation in the low odor, flat alkyd enamel formulation. The Cleveland Technical Service Department has also forwarded one gallon of (57 A 11) #3 that has been' evaluated for general performance in. the same type formulation. (57 C 47) #4 (37 C 47) #5 Resin P.E.-glyc.-fumarLc phth. rosin modif. Oil pare Acid Val Color e Solids .Solvent Soya D-E 16 19.5 5 3056 (1 C 12) Soltrol 150 As #4 Soya C-D 16 19.5 5 30% (1 C 12) (37 C 47) #6 As #4 (37 A 11) #3 No data Soya 1 11 22.4 4 30% (1 C 12) No data H-I 15 18.3 13 50% (1 C 12) 0007-SWP-045538 ' i.fv-V Paint Research March, 1954 -24- The low odor flat enamels made with (57 C 47) #4 are satisfach in consistency and stability in the package, but not equivalent to based on (57 C 47) #6 or (37 A 11) #3\is uniformity over surfaces fliat vary in porosity. (37 A 11) #3 produced a hi$i bodied flat enamel has poor stability on storage. The (37 C 47) #6 vehicle is to be used in'the Low Odor Flat Enamel 316 S. The formulations for the vehicle and i flat enamel were sent to Cleveland for distribution. The low odor flat enamel has good performance on most surfaces dry wall construction. The mamel was applied on dry wall construcby both brush and roller as one coat work and over B71 V Cl F7Ac prier. Tests were also run with the Siliccral'Mix to produce a textured finish, begone coat jobs over dry wall are not satisfactory. However, where the enamel is applied ty roller over the PVAc primer the finish is quite Lfora in tint and sheen. This improvaaent is due to the fact that esnul- such as P7Ac have a tendency to lay down the nap or fibers of paper at are raised due to sanding of the plaster joint. As a result the finish is more uniform in sheen but not quite as uniform as that obtained rath Texture Finish. The primer and flat containing the Silicon Mix brushed ite well and the panel is typical in appearance of textured surfaces Ished with this material. 0007-SWP-045539 0007-SWP-000114911 Paint Research April, 1954 -15- _ Physical Properties of Plmaats An alternative method of CPVC determination has been devised to old the limitations of the filtration method. This new method is apparatly accurate hut considerable 'work remains to prove its suitability, essential part of the determination is the measurement of the volume i'snall portion of the dry paint by water or mercury displacement end is is greatly facilitated by the use of a large mouth specific gravity ttle fitted with a pin-holed stopper on the order of our weight per galIcups. This type of vessel is particularity suited to the work in that shapes and sizes of sample materials may be Inserted. Thus we mey rthe paint on surfaces such as gLass rods or disks of known volume, then i'sure the entire volume and find the volume of the paint. The paint must fxst be altered by partial vehicle rmoval or substitution or formulated ^a'PVC above the CPVC, so that on drying the apparent volume of the film |cake is dependent on the degree of pigment packing. The dried sample ^treated with a silicone water repellent vhioh contributes negligible lime and allows a determination, by water displacement, of the apparent borne since the water cannot pea etrate end fill voids in the film. Close jianent has been found with thiB method end the filtration method for a at wall paint, a house paint, and a red lead primer while others are being tested. It is felt that the greatest accuracy 1b attained in cases where ^ Jpaint can be dried in thick dtopB or discs of perhaps one cubic cen tiater volume whence several of these are used for a determination. In same uses, where the viscosity of the altered paint sample permitted, such dry aples have been prepared by dropping an accurately measured amount of wet ~le from a syringe onto a surface from which it iB easily removed on. dryJBV Amalgamated tin plate, amalgamated brass, cellophane, and other materflB have been used for thiB purpose with success. In cases rdiere the Itered sample does not dry well in thick layers, best results were obtained ^ 'ipping short pieces of glasB rod into the vet sample, measuring the piekP?by loss of weight of the sample, and subsequently determining the volume ;dry film formed on the roda. CPVC is fpund &e: CPVC in percent = True volume of pigment in wet sample x 100 Volume of film 0007-SWP-045540 0007-SWP-000114912 Faint Research April, 1954 -14- A series of special phthalocyanine blue lakes, MB 1, 2 and S,: "a been submitted by the C. P. Department for flooding and color stability ^stingo These were dispersed in EL 44 type tint base fomutations and to shade separate samples of Ehameloid White Rex 710 and Kem Glo White 51400 to approximately equal color levels. Shaded specimens were stored t:room temperature and at 135 F. and rated for flooding after a two month srage period. Enamels shaded with du Font's resin coated phthalocyanine "tie BT 366-D served for referaice purposes. Kan-Glo tints show slightly more flooding than their Bnameloid at both temperatures. Differences betwem the various items 'thi s study are insignificant. MB-3 looks best in Rex 710 at both tem''ratures and at 155 F. in Koa do. Its performance is equaled by MB-2 135 F. in Kem-Glo and excelled ty it at loom temperature. MB-1 has the favored position that it held at toe one month inspection. It is y second best in .the Kem-Glo line while it shares 'top rating with MB-3 .'135 F. in Enameloid. Comparative flooding ratings are rated from 1 for least, to 4 for most in the following table! . Enameloid Rex 710 Tinted Pigment 135 F. Storage 75 F. Storage MB-1 MB-2 MB-3 BT 366-D 1 3 1 5 2 3 1 3 Kea Glo Tinted 155 F. Storage 75 F. Storage MB-1 MB-2 MB-3 BT 366-D 2 .1 1 4 2 1 2 4 Cost differences would be the most significant factors to consider tin a selective rating of these pigments. Silicone surface treatments failed to improve the dispersibility or decrease the flooding tendency of phthalocyanine blue CP 1037. Samples this material were surface treated in four different manners by the ittde Air Products Company. 0007-SW P-045541 0007-SWP-000114913 Paint Research April, 1954 -15- onto a. 1. Methyl silicone pil 2. Ethyl silicone oil 3,, Highly polymerized methyl oil gum stock 4 Vinyl triethosy silane BL 44 -type tint bases vere prepared from these materials end used "e Eaameloid Rex 710 specimens to a pastel blue. The gum stock treated t dispersed with greater difficulty than regular CP 1037. The flooding cteristics of all treated systems reaained standard. Panels have been red for exterior exposures in which bronzing will be observed. n 0007-S1BP-0 45542 0007-SWP-000114914 Paint Research April, 1954 -18- fk'-taidies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation The Cleveland Technics! Service department has submitted several eB.for evaluation in the low odor flat alkyd enamel formulation. 'Sides are variations of the (37 C 47) (P.E.-glycerol-fuaaricIcrsqya varnish) as approved for this formulation. Viscosity Color Sp. Gr. Cure A. V. M.V.M. G-H 9-10 0.835 20 26 29.4? F 9 + 0.825 10 19 - Cleveland i7) Pilot Plant I + 3-4 0.831 11 23 30? .) coded as follows; 50? Batch made 5/8/54 and 50? Batch made 3/17/54. -* The experimental vehicles were compared for gaaeral performance in lirodor flat alkyd enamel formulation. AVD 2541 and the two (37 A 11) es'.are satisfactory in brushing and flow but somewhat deficient in Ity of tint over various surfaces when compared with (37 C 47). The Cleveland Technical Service Department has submitted gallon Jof the new low odor flat enamel to G. K. Oxley at Acme Quality Paints .Paint Research Department for evaluation. This materiel was made on iposed Low Odor Elat Enamel formulation 259 SS, which is similar to `"Card 1,, r The low odor flat enamel (coded Rex 810-A 94) was checked for jig/.flow, drying and uniformity over various surfaces. The new product IjBfactory in all respects. ) 0007-SWP-045543 0007-SWP-000114915 Paint Research Msy, 1954 -5- Traded Zinc Pigments Vork has been continued on the reformulation of SWP to replace 'regular combination of 412 dry and 1424 dry leaded zincs with .68 C 6 * beaded zinc in the easier brushing vehicle. The hiding of the Rex Abased on 18 M leaded zinc vas also increased to 19,820 Holley units .opacity in line with the hiding of Rex 471 Card 75, which was 19,800 t8* Formula 471 S made with 68 C 6 dry and the new vehicle is approxi- 10/? lover in raw material cost than the formula being made at Chicago _ 412 dry and 1424 dry in the easier brushing vehicle. The Chicago plant been requested to manufacture sufficient SWP on the proposed formula '`s using the present stock of 20,000 pounds of 68 C 6 dry on hand at the alngton plant. Experimental results were as follows? 'cteristies TOtical Weight 465 S Rex 471 Card 76 14.62 466 S 467 S Easy Brushing Easy Brushing Foomila Formula 412-1424_________68 C 6 468 S As 467 S With Increased _____ Hidtog-____ 14.24 15.90 Weight L4.70 14.58 15.96 13.97 sity - #3 sh 5 days : ehing ;" on Drawdown . (.005 film) 22" 27.2 7 9 Fair Good 29" 42.6 8 8 Good Good - 29.4" 44.4 8 8 Good Good - 24.2" 48.8 9 8 Good Good Zinc 68 C 6 dry # ' 412 dty 300# 500# 545# - 545# - " 1424 dry 5 dry dry ,dry 100# 50# 50# 175# Hiding Units :L9j>575 100# 50# 50# ISO# 18,450 - 50# 50# 150# 18,895 - so# 50# 175# 19,820 0007-SWP-045544 0007-SWP-000114916 Paint Research May 5 1954 -17- B< & -Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation The Chicago Varnish Plant has manufactured approximately 1000 galH'{57 C 47) for the production of a test batch of Rx 860 Low Odor Flat leL. This production will be made as soon as Cleveland issues the J.red stock orders for this material. b*r Further tests are to be conducted on the low odor flat enamel to 5k'. the comparative adhesion with regular Flat-Tone White on new damp jter panels and over Vail Primer and Sealer applied on such a surface. t,Eorts were received from Cleveland that the new low odor flat enamel ted proper bond to such surfaces. Further tests were run to determine the comparative performance ^Bartyl A against (7060) Methyl Ethyl Ketoximeo Bartyl A is a low odor anti skinning agent from the Sindar Corporation. Bartyl A was evaluated B60 card 2 Low Odor Flat Alkyd Enamel for anti skinning properties at castrations of 1/2, 1/4, l/8 and l/l6 gallon per 100 gallons of paint. JSthe initial tests, it was found that l/l6 gallon or approximately l/2 ad Bartyl A is equivalent to one gallon (5026), 17$ Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime, iy.00 gallons in antiSkinning properties. Bartyl A would cost approxi51.90 and the (5026) $1.65 per 100 gallons based on present costs, tier tests are to be made to check lower concentrations of Bartyl A in i860 fonnulation. Paint reodorants were received from Dr. 0. J. Grummitt for inspecn>and test in flat wall paints. The two materials listed below were in the Low Odor Flat Alkyd Ihamel fotmulation Rx 660 Card No. 2. Additive >' >r Bouquet PD #2115 i\, 01facto Mask #5 Manufacturer Cost/Lb. Floraqrnth Laboratories $2.00 Noville Essmtial Oil Co. $2.50 Cost/Gal. at .05% on Total Paint 0.75/ 0.90/ When the two reodorants are used at 0.03% on the total weight of t (Rx 860) the odor is improved due to the masking effect of these Vs* However, the raw material cost is rather high when used at this ,ntration. 0007-SWP-045545 0007-SWP-0001 Paint Research May, 1954 -18- . Physical Properties of Pigmgits Voile continued on alternative methods for determining CFVC. te a flat vail paint, two house paints, a red lead primer, a semienamel, and an aircraft enamel have been used to check the methods pt the CPVC cell filtration methodo Greatest difficulty is en tered in the cases of very lov pigmentation -where it is difficult to enou^a vehicle to obtain flat drying. Otherwise -when drying is the determinations are carried out easily. Agreement within 2 or Z% hear found between methods and it appears that the new method could be ^confidently in cases where large molecular size of vehicle and limited ___ty of vehicle preclude the use of the filtration cells- Details Sbe presented later. .vv t: 0007-SWP-045546 Paint Research June, 1954 -9~ 'p - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation Resin Research has sutmitted the varnishes listed below for evaluin Low Odor Flat Enamel Rx 860s RD 8421 P.E.-g]ycerine-phthalic~rosin modified soya varnish. Body -- H. Cure - 11 seconds. A. v. - 21. Color 5-6. Solids - 30%. 4- RD 7579-A P. E. -glycerine-phthalic-fumarl c-rofrin modified soya using Phillips Soltrol 150. Solids - 30%. Booty- I to J. Cure - 9". A. V. - 21.8. Color 7-8. RD 7579-B As above but using Shell's #PAVR-112 low odor thinner. Solids - 50%. Bocty -- J. Cure - 9". A. V,' - 21.8. Color 7-8. RD 8425 GlyceTOl-Fumaric-phthalic-rosin-peroxi.de modified soya. Bocty - I. Cure - 11". A. V. - 9. Color - 6. Solids - 50%. RD 8043 Vinyl tolueno-divinyl benzene-linseed varaish. Boityr D-E. Cure - 0 to 1. Acid value - 7.1. Color - 4. Solids - 30%. The Low Odor Flat Aliyd Hiamel Rx 860 was made with the various experimental varnishes listed above and checked for brushing, flow, drying and unifo unity of tint and sheen over surfaces that vary in porosity. We -islso included a Low Odor Flat Aliyd Enamel H 9818 sutmitted by the Cleve land Technical Service Department. H 9818 and the flat enamel made with BD 8421 are similar in performance to Rx 860 made with the regular alkyd (57 C 47). RD 8421 and the vehicle in H 9818 are peroxide-free variations of (57 C 47). Further teBts are to be made with HD 8421 and the Cleveland Peroxide-free version of (37 A 12) sutmitted for our evaluation. Based on our tests to date both peroxide-free vehicles appear to be similar to (57 C 47). RD 8421 is aLigitly better than the Cleveland sample in uni formity over spackle. The two varnishes RD 7579-A and RD 7579-B are similar in odor and eral performance in the Low Odor Flat Alkyd Enamel Rx 860. Paint 475.S 478 S Varnish RD 7579-A RD 7579-B Viscosity #5 Fresh 4 Days 19.2" 21.2" 25.4* 22.2" Brush 9 9 Flow 8 8 Tint and Hold-Out Uniformity 8 8 0007-SWP-045547 Paint Research Junes 1954 The two flat aliyd enamels made with RD 8425 and (57 C 47) were evaluj to determine the influence of acid value on adhesion properties on freshly surfaces. Based on our tests both varnishes are similar in adhesion Jnd are actually rated slightly better than Flat-Tone White Rx 810 made with (4115). Additional tests are to be made on freshly plastered panels that have fceei finished with Gold Bond Keene Cement (5 parts plaster of parts and one part lime) and with a mixture of one part plaster of paths and two parts lime. ;Bie painted panels are to be kept rather damp over a period of several dsys adhesion checked at various intervals. 0007-SWP-045548 0007-SWP-000114920 Faint Research t v-. June} 1954 -11Thy sLcal Properties of Pigaents The April report described the dry paint volume displacement for determining CPVC, critical pigment volume concentration, rimental data are shown below comparing results by this method with te obtained by the filtration procedure. In the cases of the house t} primer, red lead primer, end olive drab enamel agreement is good the methods in use. The orange enamel G95 E Cl is not suitable y_the chip method nor does it do well by the coated rod technique. C'p of flat wall paints, although very difficult by the vehicle subtation filtration method, become simple determinations by the dried p`method. It is felt that by these tests the new methods have been yvu. suitable alternates for the CP7G determination ty filtration. See chart on following page. Sk> F *. i- 0007-SWP-045549 0007 Sc j ^7 ti&S co m CM UV4 -St O O vo vo vo June; -12- w o> * *t H *33 x ,, %J5 -H > g 4> c--rl $ rl -4P> 3 O ,00 CM# OVD on H O UN UN UN D\UN vo t*(IA4 O CO vo cn WCM Wro o vo VO ' UN O H UN UN UN rl O I-- ON CO t-- ITS IIN UN -it CJ UN ooo\ UN UN-St OO'O'B o o\cg t-- A 3" -T -4 O Ov UN H-rf-VD ViOn O o cj m m un UN UN UN UN UN UN Too c m (OCU H mmin OVD CO OCO t" VO UN UN CJ H ON row UN UN UN CJ CJ is S' a tn e f-l r-4 <Q UN un2F U> OiCO .1T0\4-4^mt on irv in dr CM 01 irvirv u n VO VO CUON io o-> o 0O VO VO $ VCOJ Ia rH O <s s* krl f(11Srlot ! 3 r"d *3 s Co. On. *hoH uHmidrl UN 41 rl OP sSIgg: vo CinM 3 ON CO CJ ti J -- N JD CQ IT* Q6\ io--I 4) P | 3 CO 8-3 f* 0007-SW P-045550 0007-SWP-000114922 Paint Research June. 1954 -13- 77 _ Pigment Studies A final evaluation of the flooding characteristics and color sta`f^Htv of a group of phthalocyanine blue laked pigments sutmitted ty our rc. p,, Department shows substantial fading in MB 3 tinted Ensmeloid White I'jjj 710 rnd Kem Glo White Rx 51400 after aging 4 months at 135 F. Room ` toaperature stored samples retained good color stability. The results of fthis test may have been disturbed ty an erroneous adjustment of the thenao?'stat on the 155 F, oven that raised the tanperature to 155 F. for pos ribly two weeks at the end of the test. This may account for the color fade vin the MB-3 tinted enamels, since the full toner CPX 531 on which MB-3 is phased had previously passed the 135 F,, storage test in Rx 710, However, jit does place the other itaas in a preferred position for use in materials (There storage tenperatures are expected to exceed 155 F. Pigments under study ares MB-1 CP lake based on du Pont's BNF wet press cake. MB-2 CP lake based on du Pont's ENF dry pigment.) MB-3 CP lake based on CPX 53L. If. BT-366-D dn Pont's resin coated phthalocyanine blue. The flooding ratings of these materials in Rx 710 enamel at 135 F. ^storage showed most flooding in MB-3 tinted material, decreasing progressively |through BT 366-D, MB-2, tc MB-1, which showed the least. At room storage jfthe Rx 710 tinted enamels all Showed moderate flooding with variations too [limited to rate.. In Kem Glo White Rx 51400, MB-2 flooded most at 155 F., decreasing Ethnough MB-1 and MB-3, which flooded less but equal to BT 366-D, which flooded i"the least. At room temperature BT 366-D reversed its position, flooding the Flooding decreased in this group through KB-3, MB-2, to MB-1, which (flooded least. In appraising the color stability of these materials, visual, ratings KVere made ty comparing each 135 F,, specimen with its 75 F. parallel.. It was .assumed that the 75 F. sample would be the most stable, so ratings indicate jrihe positions of the 135 F, samples relative to these. The Hunter reflectance .Measurements tend to confirm these observations, hut show that the considerable ,fade reported for the 155 F. MB-5 samples are exaggerated ty this appraisal, .since it is based on the relative differeice between two panels that have .drifted in opposite directions during the aging period. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-045551 0007-SWP-000114923 Paint Research June,, 1954 -14- Hunter Reflectance Rx 710 Green Filter Bine Filter Amber Filter Visual Fresh 4 Mo. Diff. Fresh 4 Mo. Diff. Fresh 4 Mo. Diff. Inspection 155 F 75 F 32.1 51.0 30.5 - 1.1 - 1.6 65.4 63.0 63.0 - 2.4 - 2.4 24.4 22.4 25,2 - 2.0 Slight fade - 1.2 155 F 75 F 28.2 26.8 27.6 - 1.4 - .4 57.3 55.8 56.7 - 1.5 - .6 22.9 19.8 19.6 - 5.1 Slightly darker - 5.3 155 F 75 F 29.2 55.3 + 6.1 28.6 - .6 62.8 59.4 - 5.4 60.2 - 2.6 23.6 28.8 21.6 + 5.2 Cons. fade - 2.0 135 F 75 F 21.2 32.0 + .8 30.6 - .6 64.2 63.6 65.6 - .6 - .6 24.4 25.5 22.2 - .9 Stable color -- 2.2 Rx 51400 B2.ajn.el K; Green Filter Blue Filter Amber Filter Visual Fresh 4 Mo. Diff. Fresh 4 Mo. Diff. Fresh 4 Mo. Diff. Inspect!or Hff'' 135 F 75 F 29.8 30.2 + .4 29.4 - .4 64.2 63.6 65.6 - .6 - .6 22.4 21.5 20.3 - .9 Slight fade - 2.1 155 F 75,F 25.6 23.0 24.4 _ 2.6 - 1.2 56.8 56.6 56.6 - .2 - .2 19.6 16.0 17.4 - 5.6 Slightly darker - 2.2 155 F 75ft F 28.1 W\ . O* . a. 135 F 75 F 28.9 55.4 27.4 30.8 30.8 + 7f 3 - .7 62.0 + 1.9 + 1.9 64.0 61.5 60.0 - .5 - .20 22.4 - 1.0 - 1.0 23.0 28.0 19.4 23.0 21.8 + 5.6 Cons. fade - 3.0 + .o Slight fade - 1.2 0007-SWP-045552 0007-SWP-000114924 Paint Research September, 1954 -16- - St.udle a in Flat Wall Paint Formulation At Cleveland's request work was started on the formulation of flat-Tone Odo-rless Alkyd Flat Enamel Goya Green Rx 874. Two formulations re developed, one similar to the Kem Glo Pinehurst Green Rx 51412 pig mentation and. the second pigmentation contained all Ti02 as the white pigJent componen t in place of part titanium calcium. The calcium sulfate was replaced with. 6223 dry Talc. The two experimental flats 619 S and 620 S yqre formulated to match Kem-Tone Pinehurst Green (color card chip). Intermixes of Super Kem-Tone, Kem-Glo Pinehurst Greens and the two flats above were made with Kem Tinting Colors Red Oxide, Ochre, Orange and Black. Samples of the two flats and draw-downs of the color mixes were sent to Cleveland for their inspection. Work will be continued on the formu- ition of this rex as we were not satisfied with the uniformity of tint or the hold-out characteristics on spackle hoard. At Cleveland's suggestion we painted out two samples they prepared Of Rx 804, one using Soltrol 150, and the second with Soltrol 150, which they preferred. The paints were compared with two production batches of FlatTone made prior to the lew odor enamel formulations, observing wet edge at 5," 10 and 15 minutes and uniformity of sheen when dried, evidence of first flatting, when 50$ of the painted area was flatted and when 10056 flatted, also the uniformity of color on the "torture board." The data below compare testa on two different days. While there 1b a slight concession in wet ,*dge on hot days, we concur with Cleveland in preferring the faster Soltrol 180 over 150 ns providing more uniform sheen and color. Itory 805, C 1584 (iSl)-(5027) Flash-off in Minutes 76 F. - 703 R.H, B6Q F. - 39% R.H. First First Flat Half 100$ Flat Half 100$ Sttots Flatted Flatted Soots Flatted Flatted 36 84 130 - 25 66 Cl^en 841, C 782 14 58 100 (59 A 14), (145)-(S48) added --- Green 8Q4, 7-180 (1 C lz) Soltrol 150 42 96 )>300 - 42 94 fireen 804 , 8-21 Soltrol 130 20 72 150 . 30 48 Spackle board tests favor Soltrol 130 over 150. Wet edges Soltrol 150 (l51)-(5027) Best Second 0007-SWP-045553 Paint Research July, 1964 -12- _ studies in Hat Vail Pajnt Formulation The management requested an evaluation of a number of competitive r odor flat wall enamels against Low Odor Flat Aliyd Enamel Rx 860 for ishingj flow, drying, uniformity of tint, sheen, etc. Some of the more lar competitive materials such as San~Flat White 45-100, Color Condiig Flat 100 White, lyt^All Flowing Flat, Uni-Tex One Coat Alkyd Elat Vail hide PBX Flat, etc<>, were included in addition to Rx 810 Flat-Tqne Rx 860,, As indicated by the experimental data. Low Odor Flat. Enamel. B60 was found to be equal to the best competitive flat in brushing, flow superior in vashability or stain removal properties Elat Enamel Evaluation ict Under Test *r Stamping factarer Flat-Tone White Rx 810 810 - C 954 Sherwin-Williams Low Odor Flat Alleyd Enamel - Rx 860 Made 7-9-54 Sherwin-Williams Sani-ELat White (Alkyd) 45-100 4300 - 1919 Benjamin Moore lit per Gallon jeity #5 ?d Bhing 12.66 11.6 see. 3-1/2 H 8 7 11=18 18 seco 5-3/4 H 9 9 13.77 7 sec. 2H 9 7 i? (Over night) (85 gLoss) fitness ig (Contrast ratio) Good 7 89.8 096 Good 10 89.0 .94 Good -4=1/2 88.4 ,97 ormity of Sheen 8 97 Ifoaily of Tint 7 89 'Ut over Various surfaces 8 98 biliiy (over glue size) 717 cycles 225 cycles 621 cycles :r (in quart can) Definite + Slight Definite + >r (when painted out) Definite Slight Definite 0**? Removal (with sponge) Dut+ reUuired for raaoval of stain) ,r ?-Ue ^ ; Grease 500 - no stain 500 V,, Bo stain 4oo 200 Over 500-SI.+ stain 142 00 -- no stain Over 500-VB " 287 0007-SWP-045554 Paint Research July,, 1954 -13- \ - Cont Flat Enamel ETaluation iict Under Test Stamping facturer Color Conditioning Hat 100 White C320 - 713 du Font Lyt-All Flowing Flat White EL9 4C755 Pratt and Lambert Uni-Test One Coat Alkyd Flat Vail 2351A, NF1TA Elliott ^.t per Gallon 12.22 12.51 12.97 sity #5 16 sec. 9,6 sec. 27 + sec. fid 0 H 3 S 3 H thing 7 98 7 99 ig (Over night) Good Good Good (85 Gloss) 4 48 tness 83,4 88.4 89.3 g (contrast ratio) .94 'onnity of Sheen 6 `fonnity of Tint 8 d-out over 'various surfaces 8 habiUiy (over glue ! Lze) 242 cycle# .95 7 8 10 418 cycles .97 8 6 6 244, cycles r (in quart can) Very slight Slight r (vhen painted out) Very slight Definite + Removal (with sponge) ydes required for raaoval of stain) Dust 500 - no stain 450 Blue Ink Over 500-VB stain Over 500-Def. + Grease Over 500-Slo stain 550 - stain Definite + Slight 500 -- no stain Over 500-Bad stain Over 500-Sl,, " 0007-SWP-045555 Faint Research July- 1954 -14- - Coat, Flat Enamel Evaluation |i- product Under Test . Cover Stamping 'KsBufacturer VallM.de PEX Flat* Satone Alkyd Flat* Speed-Wall Alkyd* Vail Paint White 24-6 Enamel 872 White Flat Ehamel G07259 24-6 B-195U - 872 17cn, 14700F, B1775 Pittsburg Patter son-S argent Glidden Weight per Gallon 11.90 12.06 11.68 Viscosity #5 12 sec. 16 sec. 8.0 see. Grind 4 H 3 H 5-5/4 H 'Bjushing 8 Too easy 9 I'Hew 9 Sags 9 ^Drying (Over night) Good Good Fair ^ Sheen (85 Gloss) 25 5 4 |Biightness jt.- -.Hiding (contrast ratio) j* ^Uniformity of Sheer ^Uniformity of Tint in' P Hold-out orei- various surfaces 90.3 .96 9 8 8 90.2 .95 6 9-1/2 9 88.4 .91 6 8 8 shability (over glue size) 122 cycles I' Odor (in quart can) Definite + 1071 cycles Definite Over 1500 cycles Bad Odor (-when painted out) Definite Definite Bad Stain Removal (vith sponge) (Cycles required for removal of stain) Oast 500 - no stain Blue Ink Over 500-bad stain Grease 422 500 - no stain 500 -- no stain Over 500-bad stain Over 500-SI.n 350 500 - no stain -He reference on label relative to lov odor- 0007-SWP-045556 0007-SWP-000114928 Paint Research July, 1954 -15- Hat Enamel Evaluation Hu-.Hue 2699 Super Hat Enamel jorer Stamping 2699-MI414 Height per Gallon 12-91 Viscosity #5 21 seCo Grind a? Brushing '4- ftov 5-3/4 H 9 9 .^ing (over ni^it) Good Gbaen (85 Gloss) 8 rightness BBaS Hiding (Contrast ratio) .93 aiformity of Sheen 6 fonsity c? Tint 9 Holdout over various surfaces 6 Hashability (over glue size) Over 1500 cycles Oflor (in quart can) Definite 3or (>41611 painted out) Definite Stain Removal (-with sponge) ipydes required for reaoval of stain) Dust 500 Blue Ink 406 Grease 296 2600 Quik.-Pl.at Enamel (Alkyd Base) o date 11,,95 22c6 sec,, 0H 9 9 Good 5 88 ,,1 ,,94 8 8 7 1100 cycles Slight Slight 500 500 - sl.o stain 500 0007-SWP-045557 0007-SWP-000114929 Paint Research July, 1954 - Cent. -16- Plat Ehanel Evaluation aast Onaer Test Low Odor Flat Alkyd Ehamel Rx 860 As Compared With Average Competitive Flat Tested "er Stamping ufsctarer Made 7-9--54 &-W Company -- -- eight per gallon 11.18 lb. 12c44 lb. isoo si.tr #? IB sec. 13u6 sec. CrLad 5-3/4 H 2.7 H shing 9 B.3 ov 9 8.2 ig (over night) Good Good eaa (85 Gloss) ightness 10 89.0 7.5 88.3 ig (contrast ratio) .94 .95 iformity of Sheen ifoimitv of Tint id-out over various surfaces .Mhability (over glue size) (of paint in qt can) (when painted out) Stain Removal (with sponge) 9 e 9 223 cycles Slight Slight 7 8.1 8 122-1500 Definite Definite fcst (cycles required for removal) 200 500 Ink (cycles required for removal) pt'ease (cycl.es required for removal) Over 500 Slight + stain 393 Over 500 Bad stain 411 0007-SWP-045558 0007-SWP Faint Research July, 1954 -17- Repcrts weTe received from Aone that Odorless Flat-Tone made with (57 C 47) is decreasing in viscosity on storage. Several, batches of Flatbo Vhite Rx 610 and Low Odor flat Enamel Rx 660 were checked for viscosity er having been in waxm storage for six months. The Flat-Tone shoved a bstantdal redaction in consistency whereas Rx 860 Flat Enamel had good over the same period of time. int 810 IBS S) BIO 282 S) Experimental. _Varni_shv___ RD 8327 - Same as (37 C 47) but body E to F (37 C 47) Fre_sfc 10.4" Viscosity - -#5 Orifice' 24 Hr. 4 Days 15 Da&s. 11" 11" 11" 6 Months 6" 12" 13. B" 15.2" 15.4" 4 Months 8" 860 184 S) 860 500 S) RD 8327 RD 8325 (Lov A.V. - 9) 12" 15.2" 11.8" 12" 14" 16" 14.9" - 13.2" 4 Months 11.9" The Flab-Tone formula has 11-1/2 gallons less (37 C 47) and 16 pounds . 53 Calcium 1 inoleate base, which is not used in Rx 860. Several batches of -t-Tone White were made using the Bmtone 34 base, AB 63, as a replaces.ent r BI 336. The paints will be checked for comparative stability of viscosity Btorage. Flat-Tone White Rx B10 Varnish Suspending Agaits Viscosity - #5 Fresh 24 Hours 4 Days (37 A 12) 16 lb. BI 336 4 " 1826 Dry 10" 11" 12" (37 A 12) (37 A 12) 28 lb. AB 63 4 " 1826 Dry 32 lb. AB 63 1826 Dry 12" 19" 12.8" 20" 16" 33" 0007-SWP-045559 0007-SWP-000114931 Paint Research July, 1954 -18- Three low odor Hat enamels based on Cleveland and Chicago proiction of (37 A 12), made with di-tertdary butyl peroxide, also the oxide-free version, KD 8421, are under observation. These paints have in storage for three weeks to date and appear to have good stability er this period of time. [Taint [til 5 ms I12 s Low Odor Flat Enamel Rx 860 Varnish Fresh Viscosity - #5 4 Days 13 Days (57 A 12) (Cleveland Production) 15" 16" 14,2" (37 A 12) (Chicago Production) 15,8" 1.4,2" 19" RD 8421 (P eroxide-free) 14" 16" 15" 21 Day 14,4" 19" 15" 0007-SWP-045560 0007-SWP-000114932 Paljit Research July, 1S54 -19- An analytical research unit- was instituted within the Faint arch Department. A great deal of time and study was spent in deciding and ordering basic equipment necessary foT thi s type of laboratory Analytical work was begun by an attack upon Duotex Fire Re si. slant [nt being sold by Glidden. It was found that the pigment portion of the it was partially soluble in water. Partial, break-down so far effected 59,6/6 Pigment 25.9J6 - Water insoluble white pigment 35,756 - Water soluble mixture ofs 1) paraformaldehyde 2) Mcncammonium phosphate 3) A nitrogen containing compound with good indication that it is urea. This is still to be determined. 15,656 Vehicle Solids (Test shows alkyd present,) 6,856 Volatile 100,056 The poor performance of Duotex after very limited expo sure in a idity cabinet would seem to make much further expenditure of time in oetemining its composition of dubious value. Work was also instituted upon an exterior trim paint manufactured ruder also upon Zac Lac Accelerator and Western States Lacquer *2500 Baking Converter, These latter two products are reportedly superior 195. . On a longer scale basis, a study has been begun to see if we can ~"PWve and shorten seme of our analytical procedures by use of ultraviolet " '^a^ra red spectrophotometry. 0007- Paint Research July, 1954 -20- 'HSL Physical Properties of Plsnent-s The Gardner Laboratory model of the High Shear Viscometer has been revised and tiov appears ready for production. The stator will be made of fcrass with a chrome plating instead of stainless steel. This has been tested found satisfactory for heat dissipation. Also the production model will consist of two interchangeable rotors, one the regular smooth cylinder, and the other having two bands or rings as shearing surfaces which will require less force for rotating in higher viscosity media. First draft of an article entitled, "Alternative Methods for Determination of Critical Pigment Volume Concentration" has been .prepared for possible future publication. Attached to this July report is a reprint of the article, "Residual Viscosity of Paint Systems at Infinite Shear Velocity." 0007-SWP-045562 0007-SWP-000114934 Paint Research September, 1954 -3_ TH fnnent Studies The Mational Lead Company has submitted a sample of an ived basic silicate white lead identified as 45 X SC. This pigt has been incorporated into Rx 450 SWF Ondereoater for storage and hiding power comparisons. Tinting strength was also comwith the current standard material. To date no advantage could ascribed to the SC material. Rx 450 opacity was unchanged, grinding '`approximately equal, being rated at 2-5/4 H on the standard and R on the SC. Viscosities were substantially the same, rated at 1,0" and 16.8" on the #3 Sherwin-Williams flowmeter, respectively, ting strength favored the SC material very slightly. Storage tests under way in sealed one gallon cans stored at 95 F. 0007-SWP-045563 0007-SWP Paint Research October, 1954 -16- jf!62. Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation Linde Air Products Company has treated or coated samples of various pigments with silicones for evaluation in typical paint formulations. Prime interest in these pigments is ease of dispersion and washability character istics when used in flat wall paints and their effects on chalking and rutile yellowing in exterior house paints. Other properties of interest would be: 1. Reduction in consistency due to changes in wettability. 2. Increase in water repellency. 3. Possibility of improved film characteristics. 4. Improved flexibility. 5. Increase in adhesion. 6. Improved gloss and gloss retention. f Two experimental flats were made using Ti Pure R 200 and Nytal 300, 6232, treated with methyl oil LM-5 and L-45, and vith vinyl triethoxy silane. |v: Flats made with silicone treated pigments are satisfactory for brushing and flow. The sheen appeared to be slightly less uniform in texture ; but not too objectionable in this respect. Washability characteristics over glue size are improved somewhat but there is no apparent improvement in uni formity of tint and sheen over tight and porous surfaces. The SWP Gloss White made with silicone treated magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide and 65/35 leaded zinc is higher in viscosity, low in gloss and shorter in flow than the standard formulation. The paints will be exposed at Chicago and Florida to check ero sion, rutile yellowing and durability. Godfrey L. Cabot, Inc. has submitted samples of Wollastonite P-4 for evaluation in Flat-Tone White Rx 860. Wollastonite P-4 was introduced for the total inert content or as a replacement for 6223 dry and 6310 dry. The experi mental flats were compared for brushing, flow, drying, uniformity of tint and sheen and washability. The Wollastonite flat is similar in brushing, flow and uniformity of tint over spackle or over tight and porous surfaces. However, !|. Wollastonite has much lower sheen characteristics than the combination of mag nesium silicate and whiting regularly used in the formulation. The washability over glue size is equal to the standard. However, the stain removal properties of the flat are not as good when Wollastonite is used as with the regular inerts. Wollastonite is superior in abrasion resistance and shows much less polishing than the regular formulation. 0007-SWP-045564 0007-SWP-000114936 Paint Research November, 1954 -18- jjh62 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation The C. P. Hall Company has submitted samples of Gamaco, Kalmac, Calwhite and 5-25 Whiting for test purposes. The 5-25 Whiting is a special classified water-ground calcium carbonate. The various whitings were com pared with Atomite 6310 dry in the new Flat-Tone White Rx 860 formulation. Gamaco was similar in performance to Atomite in all characteristics. The Calwhite was somewhat inferior in uniformity of tint over various surfaces and the 5-25 Whiting produced poor uniformity of sheen. The 5-25 Whiting will also be evaluated in exterior alkyd house paints and emulsion paints. Test data are recorded in the following table. Flat-Tone Rx 860 Batch No. 731 S 732 S 733 S 734 S 735 S Whiting Atomite Kalmac Gamaco Calwhite 5-25 Vhiting Brushing 9 99 9 9 Flow 9 89 8 8 Viscosity #5 12 <,4" 12,8" 14.8" 13 o 2" 13.6" Drying 10 10 10 10 10 Uniformity of Sheen 9 8 9 8 7 Uniformity of Tint Over Tight and Po t o u s Surfaces 9 8 10 a 9 Stain Removal Dust 10 9 7 10 (Cycles required to remove stain) 7 Soiling Compound Ink 12 17 18 17 28 60 69 62 67 175 The Resin Research Department has submitted two vehicles based on (37 A 14) made with and without peroxide, to compare the viscosity temperature coefficients when used in the Flat-Tone White Rx 860 formulation. 0007-SWP-045565 0007-SWP-000114937 ^6g_-_Coni, Palr.t. Research November, 19S4 -19- Vami.sh Nc. RE 0115 (With Peroxide) RE 0114 (Peroxide-free) Re s.ir- Glyc eryl-P.E.-fumaric pht hai,ate-ro sin Glyceryl-P,,E phthalate-ro; 011 Soya Soya Body J G Cure 13 14 A0V. 19.2 18.0 Color 6 6+ Solids 50% 30* Solvents (1 I* 4) (1 L 4) The viscosity comparison of the two flat enamels made with RE 0115 |and. RE 0114 at various temperatures appear below.. The peroxide-free vehicle [is similar to the vehicle made with peroxide in viscosity changes except at |40 F At the lower temperature the peroxide-free vehicle gave somewhat ^higher paint viscosities as shown in the following table. Oo Batch V arnisfc 60 F. 75* *F o 80 F. 90 F. 722 S RE 0113 37.2" 19.2" 13.4" 10.6" 8" 723 S RE 0114 56.2" 18" 12" 9.4" 7" r The Resin Research Department obtained several glucoside esters |from Messrs. Darcy and Gibbons of Mellon Institute to be compared with . glyceryl monooleate in connection with Shell alkyd reduction technique in pw odor type alkyd flat enamels. Small samples of dioleate, the diester :of S07a fatty acid, the diester of linseed fatty acids, a di-triester of ^soya fatty acids and a di-triester of linseed fatty acids were evaluated j Flat-Tone White Rx 860,, Presumably these agents should not affect hold- `th* ^ viscosity as much as the glyceryl mono-oleate. However, we found 'an ^ a~^' 0l> aSen+-s had a tendency to decrease the uniformity of tint "r bold-out over surfaces that vary in porosity. The various agents all : ^^ced the viscosity of the paint 20 to 30/6. 0007-s w p-045566 0007-SWP-000114938 Paint Research November, 1954 The Nuodex Products Company has submitted samples of Exkin No. 5, an anti-skinning agent for odorless paints. It was used at one to four pounds per 100 gallons paint as a replacement for methyl ethyl ketoxime. The vari ous paints were checked for anti-skinning tendencies in partly filled quart and pint cans with the covers placed slightly to the side to permit some air to enter the container. The containers were examined after 24 hours for skinning. The quart cans all. had a slight Skin formation on the surface of the paint including the regular Rx 860 which contained the usual amount of methyl ethyl ketoxime. The results indicate that the Exkin No. 5 may not have dissolved in the vehicle of the flat. Additional work will be done : by grinding the agent into the paste. Further reports will be made on Exkin No. 3 after the tests are completed. 0007-SWP-045567 0007-SWP-000114939 Paint Research December, 1954 '4.-'. -22- #162 - Studies in Flat Vail Paint Formulation The Executive Sales Department has requested that an examin ation be made of some of the gelled paints now on the market, based on a new vehicle called Burnok developed by the T. F. Washburn Company. Samples of Breeze Drip-less Flat Enamels were obtained in three colors: White, Coral Glow end Victorian Green (Superior Paint and Varnish Gorp.). The Breeze Drip-Less Flat Enamels varied from fair to good in brushing properties. They are slightly too short in flow for roller applica . i; tion and somewhat inferior to Flat-Tone in stain removal properties. The uniformity of tint and sheen is good over tight and porous surfaces as well as over the regular torture board. Samples of the Burnok vehicles are now in the process of being evaluated in flat wall paint formulations. Breeze Drip-Less Flat Enamels vs. Rx 8SQ Product Tested Breeze Drip-Less Flat Enamel Coral Glow Breeze Drip-Less Flat Enamel Victorian Green Breeze Drip-Less Flat Enamel White Rx 850 Flat-Tone Alkyd Flat Enamel Brushing Good, equal to Flat-Tone Somewhat too heavy, has tendency to pile. Good, equal to Flat-Tone Good Flow Slightly short Slightly short Slightly short Good Roller-coate r application Vashability (Stain Removal) The film has a tendency to show through when applied by roller-coater over a ground coat of medium contrast. The stain removal properties are defi nitely inferior to Flat-Tone. Satisfactory application characteristics. Good Uniformity of Very good tint and sheen over torture board and tight and por ous surfaces Very good Very good Very good 0007-SWP-045568 i 0007-SWP-000114940 Paint Research December, 1954 -23- //162 - Coat. Samples of the new Epon Resin Vehicles A-300 and A-301 were obtained from the Shell Chemical Corporation for evaluation in low odor flat wall paint formulations. Vehicle A-500 Vehicle A-501 Solids Solvent Acid Ho. Viscosity (G-H) Color (Gardner 1933) Veight/Gal. 40,1 Vt. Shell 140 Thinner 10 - 14 r -y 7-9* 7.1 - 7.2 40: vrt. Shell Sol 72 6-10 1 -Q 6-8* ^Darker if cooked in open kettle. The two Shell vehicles were evaluated for general performance in two Shell Chemical flat wall paint formulations and in the Flat-Tone White Rx 860 formulation. The A-390 vehicle is a law-odor type whereas the vehicle A-301 is used in their so-called odorless formula. The initial tests on the two Epon Resin vehicles A-300 and A-301 indicated that these vehicles have poor stability on storage when used with the pigmentation of Rx 860 Flat-Tone White.as well as with the two pig mentations suggested by the Shell Chemical Corporation. The experi mental work has been limited due to the small- size- -df the samples sub mitted for inspection. Additional work will be done when larger sam ples are received from Shell. As indicated by the data, the experimental flats made with A-300 or A-301 have poor drying properties. In the Shell formulations poor uniformity of tint was obtained over surfaces that vary in porosity. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-045569 0007-SWP-000114941 Paint Research December, 1954 -24- #162 - Cont. Experimental Data Flat Wall Paints Based on Epon Resins A-300 and A-301 Paint No. OJ 785 S 0J 786 S 0J 787 S 0J 788 S 0J 739 S - Pigmentation Same as Same as 318,5* 6680 326# 6680 Same as Rx 860 Rx 860 88# 6640 91# 6640 Rx 860 230# 6300 236# 6300 Vehicle Epon Resin Epon Resin Epon Resin Epon Resin (37 A 14) A-300 A-301 A-S00 A-301 Viscosity #5 Orifice Fresh 56" 24 Hr. Too heavy to run 27" Too heavy to run 18" 24" 7" 10.2" 15" 16" L Brushing *>- Flow % Drying 8 8 Poor 8 8 Poor 9 10 Poor 9 10 Poor 9 9 Good VJashability over glue size >1000 cycles >1000 cycles >1000 cycles >1000 cycles >1000 cycles p Stain Removal (Cycles required to remove stain) Blue ink 260 cycles 258 cycles 500 cycles 569 cycles 266 cycles SI. stain SI. stain SI. stain SI. stain SI. stain \V\ : * - Not removed Not removed Not removed Not removed Not removed i'i" Dust 23 50 46 38 43 Soiling Compound 50 SO 35 30 43 Uniformity of tint over various sur- faces Good Good Fair - Poor Very good 0007-SWP-04SS70 0007-SWP-000114942 Paint Research December, 1954 -25- ;?162 - Cont. The Resin Research Department has submitted three variations of (57 A 14) alkyd using Soltrol 120, 140 and 150 as the thinner. The Cleveland Technical Service Department and the Paint Research Depart ment both have obtained better performance vith Soltrol 130 than with Soltrol 150 with respect to uniformity of tint and sheen in the FistTone formulations. However, it would be desirable to have a slightly longer wet edge time than Soltrol 130, so the Phillips Petroleum Com pany has submitted their Soltrol 140 for inspection and test. FlatTone White Rx 860 made with Soltrol 140 appeared to have longet wet edge time than Rx 860 made with Soltrol 130. No difference could be detected in uniformity of tint and sheen between Soltrol 130 and 140 over surfaces that vary in porosity, vhereas the paint made with Soltrol 150 was not satisfactory in this respect. Distillation: Soltrol Soltrol Soltrol 130 180 150 Initial Boiling Point F. 335-360 5,to - 10/5 545-365 20,5 - 3o:5 - 40:5 - 50;5 355-370 60:5 - 70? - 80}5 - 905 370-390 95,3 - Dry Point 330-410 End Point - 362 365 366 367 370 371 372 373 374 376 382 389 393 414 354 - 361 363 365 368 371 374 379 388 406 424 _ 445 Submitted Varnishes: RE 0138 RE 0139 RS 0140 Body Cure E E-F G--H 15- 15- 15- A. V. 21.0 21.0 21.0 Color 7 77 Solids 30;5 30? 30;5 Solvent Soltrol Soltrol Soltrol 130 140 150 0007-SWP-045571 0007-SWP-000114943