Document 6RqdGbOVDypJM66bOvBvOYzo

FILE NAME: Shipbuilders Council of America (SHIP) DATE: 1970 Jan DOC#: SHIP064 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: US Dept of Labor Publication - Safety and Health Regulations for Shipbuilding Uts. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STANDARDS go and L abor S tandards ABiwinistratlon WASHINGTON, D.C. 20210 O F F IC IA L BUSINESS POSTAGE AND FE E S PAID u.s. d e p a r t m e n t o f la b o r jJTHlRD C L A SS M A IL J PLAINTIFF'S E EXHIBIT | S B C A 5102 j Safety afnd Health Regulations for SHIPBUILDING January 1970 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Wage and Labor Standards Administration BUREAU OF LABOR STANDARDS ZS90.0 Amendment* to these r e g u l a t i o n s p u b l i s h e d In the F e d e r a l R e g i s t e r through J A N U A R Y 1, 1970, are Included in this pamphlet. i m e xy-- v-napier aiji PART 1502-- SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR SHIPBUILDING Sec. Subparl A-- Genora] Provisions 1502.1 150212 Sec. Purpose, scope an d responsibility. D efinitions. 1502.3 1502.4 P e n a lty . V ariation from th e regulations of this part. 1502.6 R eference specifications, sta n d a rd s , 1502.0 and codes. N otification of accidents resu ltin g In fatalities or serious Injuries. 1502.7 A m en d m en t of th e re g u la tio n s of this part. Subparl B-- Explosive and O ther D angerous Atmospheres 1602.10 C o m p eten t person. Subporf C-- 5urfacs Preparation a n d Preservation 1502.21 1502.22 1502.23 1502.24 1502.25 Toxic cleaning solvents. Chem ical p ain t an d preservative rem overs. M echanical p a in t rem overs. P a in tin g . Flam m able liquids. Subpart D-- W elding, Cutting and Heating 1502.31 V entilation and p rotection In weld ing, cu ttin g an d h eating. 1602.32 1602.33 Fire prevention. W elding, c u ttin g an d h e a tin g In way of preservative coatings. 1602.34 W elding, c u ttin g and h e atin g of hollow m etal co n ta in ers an d s tru c tu re s. 150235 1502.38 1602.37 Q as w elding an d c u ttin g . Arc welding an d c u ttin g . Uses of fissionable m aterial In ship* b u ild in g . Subpart E-- Scaffolds, Ladders a n d O ther W orking Surfaces 1602.41 Scaffolds o r sta g in g . 1602.42 L adders. 1602.43 G u a rd in g of d e ck op en in g s a n d edges. 1602.44 Access to vessels. 1502.45 Access to and g u ard in g o f dry docks an d m arine railw ays. 1602.48 Access to cargo spaces a n d c o n fined spaces. 1502.47 W orking su rfaces. Subpart F-- General Working Conditions 1602.61 H ousekeeping. 1602.62 Illu m in a tio n . 1602.63 U tilities. 1502.64 W ork In confined o r Iso lated spaces. 1502.65 W ork on o r in th e v icin ity of ra d a r and radio. 1502.58 W ork In or on lifeboats. 1502.67 H ealth a n d sa n ita tio n . 1502.58 F irs t aid. Subpart G-- G ear end Equipment for Rigging and M aterials Handling 1502.81 In sp e ctio n . 1502.62 Ropes, c h ain s a n d slings. 1502.63 S hackles a n d hooks. 1502.64 C h ain fa lls a n d pull-L iti*. 1502.65 H o istin g a n d h a u lin g e q u lp m e n 1502.68 Use of g ear. 1502 67 Q u a lific a tio n s of o p e rato r* . 1502.68 TableB. Subpart H-- Tools a n d Related Equipm ent 1502.71 1502.72 1502.73 1602.74 1502.75 1502.76 G eneral precautions. P ortable electric tools. H and tools. Abrasive w heels. Pow der a c tu a te d fa ste n in g tools In tern a l com bustion engines, ot t h a n s h i p 's e q u ip m e n t. Subport I-- Personal Protective Equipm ent 1502.81 1502.82 1602.83 1602.84 Eye protection. R espiratory protection. Head, foot and body protection, Life saving e q u ip m e n t. Subparl J-- Ship's Machinery a n d Piping Syst 1502.91 1502.92 1502.93 1502.94 S hip's boilers. Ship's piping system s. Ship's p ropulsion m ach in ery . S h lp 'B d e c k m a c h in e r y . Subpart K-- Portable, Unflred Pressure Ve>' Drums, and C ontainers, O ther Than Sh Equipment 1502.101 P o rta b le a ir receiv ers a n d ot unflred pressure vessels. 1602.102 D ru m s a n d c o n ta in e rs . Subpart L-- Electrical M achinery 1502.111 E lectrical c irc u its a n d d lstrl' tlon boards. Au th ority : T h e p ro v is io n * o f t h i s 1 1502 Issued u n d e r sec. 41, 44 S ta t. 1444; 1, 72 S t a t, 835; 33 U.S.C. 941. Sounds: The provisions of th is P a rt ] a p p e a r a t 29 F .R . 4028, M a r. 27, 1B84; 29 1 8089, M ay 8, 1984, u n le s s o th e rw is e n o te : Subpart A-- General Provision! 1502,1 Purpose, scope and respo bill ty. (a) Section 41 of the Longshoremt and Harbor Workers' Compensation requires every employer to furnish i maintain employment and places of t ployment which are reasonably safe his employees in all employments cove thereby (the Act applies to all Injui sustained by employees on navige waters of the United States If the e ployees are employed by an "employ as defined In section 2(4) of the i i.e., "an employer any of whose < ployees are employed In maritime < ployment, in whole or in part, upon navigable waters of the United Sti (including any drydock)/' CalbecJs 1 I Title 29-- Chapter XUI Travelers Insurance Co. and Donovan v. Avondale Shipyards, Inc. (52 S. Ct. 1196 (1962)) and to install, furnish, maintain, and use devices and safeguards (with particular reference to equipment used by such employers and working condi tions established by them) determined by the Secretary of Labor to be rea sonably necessary to protect the .life, health, and safety of such employees, and to render safe such employment and places of employment and to prevent Injury to such employees. The uurpose of this p a rt Is to make determinations under this standard with respect to ship building activity. (b) This part does not apply to m at ters under the control of the United States Coast Guard within the scope of Title 52 of the Revised Statutes and acts supplementary or amendatory thereto (46 U.S.C. secs. 1-1388 passim) including, but not restricted to, the master, ship's officer, crew members, design, construc tion, and maintenance of the vessel, Its gear and equipment; to matters within the regulatory authority of the United States Coast Guard to safeguard vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities under the provisions of the Espionage Act of June 17, 1917, as amended (50 U.S.C. 191 et seq.; 22 U.S.C. 401, et seq.); Including the provisions of Executive Or der 10173, as amended by Executive Or ders 10277 and 10352 (3 CFR 1949-1953 Comp., pp. 358, 778, and 873); or to matters within the regulatory authority of the United States Coast Guard with respect to lights, warning devices, safety equipment and other matters relating to the promotion of safety of lives and prop erty under section 4(e) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1333). Also, this part does not apply to owners, operators, agents, or masters of vessels unless they are acting as "em ployers". However, this part Is not in tended to relieve owners, operators, agents, or masters of vessels who are not "employers" from responsibilities or du ties now placed upon them by law, regu lations, or custom. (c) The responsibilities placed upon the competent person herein shall be deemed to be the responsibilities of the employer. 1502.2 Definitions. (c) The term "employer" means an employer any of whose employees are employed In maritime employment, in whole or In part, upon the navigable wa ters of the United States, Including dry docks, graving docks, and marine rail ways, and any of whose employees are employed, In whole or In part. In ship building or related employments as de fined In paragraphs (1) and (J) of this section, on the navigable waters of the United States, Including drydocks, grav ing docks, and marine railways. (d) The term "employee" means any person employed In shipbuilding or re lated employments on the navigable waters of the United States, Including dry docks, graving docks and marine railways, by an employer as defined In paragraph (c) of this section. (e) The term "gangway" means any ramp-Uke or stair-llke means of access provided to enable personnel to board or leave a vessel Including accommodation ladders, gangplanks and brows. (f) The term "vessel" Includes every description of watercraft or other arti ficial contrivance used or capable of be ing used as a means of transportation on water, Including special purpose floating structures not primarily designed for or used as a means of transportation on water. (g) For purposes of 8 1502.44, the term "barge" means ah unpowered, flat bot tom, shallow draft vessel including scows, carfloats and lighters. For purposes of this section, the term does not include ship shaped or deep draft barges. (h) For purposes of 1502.44, the term "river tow boat" means a shallow draft, low Jree board, self-propelled vessel de signed to tow river barges by pushing ahead. For purposes of this section, the term does not Include other towing vessels. (1) The term "shipbuilding'' means the construction of a vessel, Including the Installation of machinery and equip ment. (j) The term "related employment" means any employments performed as an Incident to or In conjunction with shipbuilding work Including, but not restricted to Inspection, testing trials and employment as a watchman. (k) The term "hazardous substance" (a) The term "shall", Indicates provi means a substance which by reason of sions which are mandatory. Cb) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Labor. being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, Irritant, or other wise harmful Is likely to cause Injury. 2 Title 29-- Chapter XH1 (1) The term "Competent person" for purposes of this part means a person who is capable of recognizing and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous sub- mal* operations, may prodj^TTVlUs gases, fumes, vapors, mists, vtySmok which have one or more of the abo characteristics, stances or to other unsafe conditions and s 1502.3 P enalty. is capable of specifying the necessary ' (a) As provided In Public Law 85-' protection and precautions to be taken any employer who, willfully, violates to ensure the safety of employees as re fails or refuses to comply with the p quired by the particular regulation under visions of the regulations of this p the condition to which it applies. For the purposes of Subparts C and D of this and any employer or other person \ p art, except for 5 1502.24(b) (8), to which willfully interferes with, hinders, or the above definition applies, the com lays the Secretary or his authorl petent person must also meet the addi representative in carrying out his du tional requirements of 5 1502.10. under subsection (c) of section 41 of (m) The term "confined space" means Act by refusing to admit the Secret a compartment of small size and limited or his authorized representative to , access such as a double bottom tank, place, or to permit the inspection or cofferdam, or other space which by its small size and confined nature can amlnation of any employment or plact readily create or aggravate a hazardous employment, or who willfully hinders delays the Secretary or his authorl exposure. (n) The term "enclosed space" means representative In the performance of any space, other than a confined space, duties in the enforcement of the regu tions of this part, shall be guilty of which is enclosed by bulkheads and over head. It includes cargo holds, tanks, offense, and. upon conviction then quarters and machinery and boiler shall be punished for each offense b fine of not less th an $100 nor more tl spaces. (o) The term "hot work" means rivet $3,000; and In any case where such e ing, welding, burning or other fire or ployer is a corporation, the officer \ spark producing operations. willfully permits any such violation occur shall be guilty of an offense, a (p) The term "cold work" means any work which does not involve riveting, upon conviction thereof, shall be pi welding, burning or other fire or spark isfced also for each offense by a fine not less than $100 nor more than $3,( producing operations. (q) The term "portable unflred pres (b) The liability under this provif sure vessel" means any pressure con of Public Law 85-742 shall not affect i tainer or vessel used aboard ship, other other liability of the employer under than the ship's equipment, containing Longshoremen's and Harbor Work Compensation Act. liquids or gases under pressure, except ing pressure vessels built to ICC regula 1502.4 V aria tio n fro m th e regulnt tions under 49 CFR P a rt 78, Subparts of this part. C and H. ' (a) As provided In Public Law 85- (r) The term "powder actuated fas in case of practical difficulties or urn tening tool" means a tool or machine essary hardships, the Secretary In which drives a stud, pin or fastener by discretion may grant variations f means of an explosive charge. the regulations of this p a rt or part (s) For purposes of } 1502.57, the term lar provisions thereof, and permit "hazardous m aterial" means a material use of other or different devices If which has one or more of the following finds th a t the purpose of the regula' characteristics: (1) Has a flash point will be observed by the variation below 140* F., closed cup, or is subject the safety of employees will be equ to spontaneous heating; (2) has a thres secured thereby. Any person affectec hold limit value below 500 p.p.m. in the such regulations or his agent, may case of a gas or vapor, below 500 mg./m,s quest the Secretary to grant such vai for fumes, and below 25 m.p.p.c.f. in case tlon, stating in writing the grounds of a dust; (3) has a single dose oral which his request is based. Any auth LD below 500 mg./kg.; (4) Is subject to ization by the Secretary of a variat polymerization with the release of large amojints of energy; (5) is a strong oxl- , shall be in writing, shall describe dizing or reducing agent; (6) causes conditions under which the variat shall be permitted, and shall be publis' first degree burns to skin In short time exposure, or Is systemically toxic by as provided in section 3 of the Adm skin contact; or (7) in the course of nor- lstrative Procedure Act (ch. 324, 60 S 237), as amended. A Properly lnde Title 29-- Chapter Xlll record of all variation all be kept in the Office of the Secretary and be open to public Inspection. 1502.5 Reference specifications, stand ards, and codes. Specifications, standards, and codes of agencies of the U.S. Government, to the extent specified in the text, form a part of the regulations of this part: In addition, under the authority vested in the Secretary under the Act, the specifi cations, standards, and codes of or ganizations which are not agencies of the U.S. Government, in effect on the date of the promulgation of the regula tions of this p art as listed below, to the extent specified in the text, form a part of the regulations of this part: N a tio n a l F ire P r o te c tio n A ssociation, 60 B a tte ry m a rc h S tre e t, B oston, Mass. 02110, S u b p art B, 5 1502.10(a). U n d e rw rite rs ' L a b o ra to rie s, In c ., 207 E ast O hio S tre e t, C hicago, 111. 60611, S u b p a rt C 55 1 5 0 2 .2 4 (b )(7 ), 1502.25(B )(4): S u b p a rt H, 5 1502.72(a). U nited S tates ol Am erica S tandard Safety Code for P o rta b le W ood Ladders, A14.11059, U n ited S ta te s of A m erica Standards I n s t i tu t e , In c ., 10 E a s t 4 0 th S tre et, New T o r t. N.Y. 10010, S u b p a rt E. 5 1602.42(a) (6) . Am erican Society of M echanical Engineers. Boiler an d P ressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, R ules fo r C onstruction of Unflred Pressure Vessels, A m erican Soilety of Me chanical E ngineers, 345 E a st 47th Street, New Y ork, N.Y. 10017, S u b p a r t K , 5 1502.101 (a). Threshold L im it Values. A m erican Confer ence of G overnm ental In d u strial Hygien ists, 1014 B roadw ay, C in cin n ati, Ohio 45202, S u b p a rt C 5 1502.21(b). U nited S tates of A m erica S tandard Safety Code for th e Use, Care, a n d P rotection of Abrasive W heels, B7.1-1964, U nited States of A m e ric a S ta n d a rd s I n s t i tu t e , In c ., 10 E a s t 4 0 th S tre e t, New Y o rk , N.Y. 10016, S u b p art H. 5 1502.74(c). [32 F .R . 14047, O c t. 10, 1967] 1502.6 Notification of accidents re sulting in fatalities o r serious in juries. (a) Within 48 hours after the occur rence of an accident causing the death of an employee or resulting in an em ployee's admission to a hospital as a bed patient, the employer shall file a copy of Bureau of Employees' Compensation Form BEC--202 (approved by Budget Bureau No. 44-R 887.3) with the Field Safety Consultant of the Bureau of Labor Standards serving the area where the accident occurred (in addition to such filing as is required by 20 CFR 31.3) unless prior thereto and as soon after the accident as feasible the employer has given oral or written notice of the acci dent to the Person' in charge of such of fice in sufficient detail to perm it the ac cident to be identified readily. (44 Stat. 1444; 33 U.S.C. 930.) 1502.7 Amendment o f th e regulations of this part. The Secretary may a t any time, upon his own motion or upon written petition of any interested person setting forth reasonable grounds therefor, and after opportunity has been given to interested persons to present their views, amend or revoke any of the provisions of the regu lations Of this part. Subporf B-- Explosive and Other ' Dangerous Atmospheres 1502.10 Competent perso n . (a) Designation. (1) For the purposes of Subparts C, D, andH of this part, ex cept for 5 1502.24(b)(8) and 1502.25(a) (5), one or more competent persons shall be designated by the employer in accord ance with the applicable requirements of this section unless the requirements of Subparts C, D, and H of this part are always carried out by a National Fire Protection Association Certified Marine Chemist. (2) The employer shall indicate on U.S. Department of Labor Form MAR-8, "Designation of Competent Person" either those employees designated as competent persons or th a t the prescribed functions of such persons are always carried out by a National Fire Protection Association Certified Marine Chemist in addition to his professional duties. When additions or changes are made in the per sonnel so designated, a new Form MAR-8 shall be executed. Acopy of this executed form shall be forwarded to the nearest office of the Bureau of Labor Standards. (b) Criteria. The following criteria shall guide the employer in designating employees as competent persons: (1) Ability to understand the mean ing of designations on certificates and of any qualifications relating thereto and to carry out any instructions, either writ ten or oral, left by the National Fire Pro tection Association Certified Marine Chemist or Issued by a consultant or chemist who may be used by the em ploye! to make the tests and inspections required by Subparts C and D of this part. (2) Ability to use and Interpret the 4  jilt; A7-- readings of an oxygen Indicator and a combustible gas Indicator. The ability to use and interpret the readings of a carbon monoxide indicator and a carbon dioxide indicator, if the operations in volve such hazardous gases. (3) Familiarity with and understand- ' tag of Subparts C, D, and H of this part. (4) Familiarity with the structure and knowledge of the location and designa tion of spaces of the types of vessels on which construction work is done. (5) Capability to perform the tests and inspections required by Subparts C, D, and H of this part and to write the required logs. (c> Logging of inspections and tests. (1) When tests and Inspections required to be performed by a competent person by any provisions of Subparts C, D, and H of this part, except those referred to in 1502.25 (b) (8) and (a) (5), are made, a record of the locations, operations performed and date, time, and results of the tests and any instructions resulting therefrom shall be recorded on U.S. De partm ent of Labor Form MAR^9, "Log of Inspections and Tests by Competent Person." A separate form shall be used for each vessel on which tests and inspec tions are made. (2) This record shall be available for inspection in the Immediate vicinity of the affected operations while they are in progress. This record or copy thereof shall be kept on file for a period of at least 3 months from the date of the completion of the Job. Cd) Application. The provisions of this section are intended to apply in their entirety to employers engaged in gen eral vessel construction. They do not apply in their entirety to employers whose work involves only certain por tions of Subparts C and D of this part, such as the building of some wooden vessels, where only knowledge of the pre cautions to be taken when using flam mable paints is necessary. In such cases employers may designate persons who are competent on the basis of the appli cable portions of the criteria set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. (20 F.R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1064; 29 F R . 6089. M ay 8, 1964, as a m e n d e d a t 82 14047, Oct. 10, 1967] Subpart C-- Surface Preparation and Preservation 1502.21 Toxic cleaning solvents, (a) When toxic solvents are used, the employer shall employ one or more of I*-l yvin the following measures to 91'T ^ u a r health* of employees expo.v 'to solvents. (1) The cleaning operation sha completely enclosed to prevent th cape of vapor into the working s (2) Either natu ral ventilation or chanical exhaust ventilation shtt used to remove the vapor a t the si and to dilute the concentration of vi in the working space to a concentr which is safe for the entire work p< (3) Employees shall be prot against toxic vapors by suitable res tory protective equipment in accort with the requirements of S 1502.8: and Cc), and, where necessary, at exposure of skin and eyes to co with toxic solvents and their vapo suitable clothing and equipment. (b) The principles In the thre limit values to which attention i rected in 1 1502.5 will be used b; Department of Labor in enforce proceedings in defining a safe conce tion of air contam inants. , (c) When flammable solvents used, precautions shall be taken li cordance w ith the requirement $ 1502.25. [32 F.R. 14047, O c t. 10, 1967] 1502.22 C hem ical paint and prei tive rem overs. (a) Employees shall be prot against skin contact during the han and application of chemical paint preservative removers and shall be tected against eye Injury by goggl face shields in accordance with th qulrements of I 1502.S1 (a) and ( (b) When using flammable pain preservative removers, precautions be taken in accordance with the re< mentsof 1502.25. <c) When using chemical paint preservative removers which co volatile and toxic solvents, such as zol, acetone and amyl acetate, the visions of 5 1502.21 shall be appllcat (d) When using paint and rus movers containing strong acids or lies, employees shall be protecte suitable face shields to prevent chei bums on the face and neck. (e) When steam guns are use; employees working within range o blast shall be protected by suitable shields. Metal parts of the stearr Itself shall be Insulated to protec operator against heat bums. <r>4$ ,,tie * t-na pte r aiii 1502.23 MecWanica'i^iialnt remover*. (a) Power tools. (1) Employees en gaged In the removal of paints, preserva tives, rusts or other coatings by means of power tools shall be protected against eye injury by goggles or face shields in accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.81(a). (2) Ail portable rotating tools used- for the removal of paints, preservatives, rusts or other coatings shall be ade quately guarded to protect both the op erator and nearby workers from flying missiles. (3) Portable electric tools shall be grounded in accordance with the require ments of 5 1502.72 (a) and (b). (1) In a confined space, mechanical exhaust ventilation sufficient to keep the dust concentration to a minimum shall be used, or employees shall be protected by respiratory protective equipment in accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.82 (a) an d (d ). (b) Flame removal. (1) Hardened preservative coatings shall not be re moved by flame in enclosed spaces unless the employees exposed to fumes are pro tected by air line respirators in accord ance with the requirements of 1502.82 (a). Employees performing such an operation in the open air, and those ex posed to the resulting fumes, shall be protected by a fume filter type respirator in accordance with requirements of paragraphs (a) and (d )(2)(iv) of 51502.82. (2) Flame or heat shall n o t be used to remove soft and gTeasy preservative coatings. (c) Abrasive blasting--(1) Equipment. Hoses and fittings used for abrasive blasting shall meet the following require ments: (1) Hoses. Hose of a type to prevent shocks from static electricity shall be used. (ID Hose couplings. Hose lengths shall be Joined by metal couplings secured to the outside of the hose to avoid erosion and weakening of the couplings. (Ill) Nozzles. Nozzles shall be at tached to the hose by fittings that will prevent the nozzle from unintentionally becoming disengaged. Nozzle attach ments shall be of metal and shall fit onto the hose externally. (iv) Dead man control. A dead man control device shall be provided at the nozzle end of the blasting hose either to provide direct cut off or to signal the pot tender by means of a visual and audible signal to cutoff the flow, in the event the blaster loses control of the hose. The pot tender shall be available a t all times to respond Immediately to the signal. (2) Replacement. Hoses and all fit tings- used for abrasive blasting shall be Inspected frequently to insure timely replacement before an unsafe amount of wear has occurred. (3) Personal protective equipment. (i) Abrasive blasters working in enclosed spaces shall be protected by hoods and air fed respirators or by air helmets of a positive pressure type in accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.82(a). til) Abrasive blasters working in the open shall be protected as indicated in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph ex cept that when synthetic abrasives con taining less than one percent free silica are used filter type respirators approved by the Bureau of Mines for exposure to lead dusts may be used in accordance with 5 1502.82 (a) and (d). (ill) Employees, other th an blasters, including machine tenders and abrasive recovery men, working in areas where unsafe concentrations of abrasive m a terials and dusts are present shall be protected by eye and respiratory pro tective equipment in accordance with the requirements of 15 1502.81 (a) and (b) and 1502.82 (a) and (d ). (iv) The blaster shall be protected against injury from exposure to the blast by appropriate protective clothing, in cluding gloves. (v) Since surges from drops in pres sure in the hose line can be of sufficient proportions to throw the blaster off the staging, the blaster shall be protected by a safety belt when blasting is being done from elevations where adequate protec tion against falling cannot be provided by railings. [29 F.R. 4028, M ar. 27, 1904; 29 F .R . 6089, M ay 8, 1964, as am ended a t 32 F .R . 14047, O ct. 10, 1987] 1502.24 Painting, (a) Paints mixed with toxic vehicles or solvents, (l) 'When paints mixed with toxic vehicles or solvents are sprayed, the following conditions shall apply; (i) In confined spaces, employees con tinuously exposed to such spraying shall be protected by air line respirators in accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.82(a). (ID In tanks or compartments, em ployees continuously exposed to such 6 i Title 29 -- Chapter X III spraying shall be protected by air line respirators in accordance with the re quirements.of {1502.82(a). Where m e chanical ventilation Is provided, em ployees shall be protected by respirators in accordance with the reoulrements of 5 1502.82 (a) and (e). (ill) In large and well ventilated areas, employees exposed to such spraying shall be protected by respirators In accordance with the requirements of { 1502.82 (a) and (e). (2) Where brush application of paints with toxic solvents Is done in confined spaces, or other areas where lack of ven tilation creates a hazard, employees shall be protected by filter respirators in ac cordance with the requirements of 1502.82 (a) and (c). (3) When flammable paints or ve hicles are used, precautions shall be taken in accordance with the require ments of 5 1501.25, (4) The metallic parts of air moving devices, Including fans, blowers, and jettype air movers, and all duct work shall be electrically bonded to the vessel's structure. (b) Paints and tank coatings dissolved in highly volatile toxic and flammable solvents. Several organic coatings, ad hesives and resins are dissolved in highly toxic, flammable and explosive solvents with flash points below 80 F. Work involving such materials shall be done only when all of the following special precautions have been taken: (1) Sufficient exhaust ventilation shall be provided to keep the concentration of solvent vapors below ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration. (2) If the ventilation fails or if the concentration of solvent vapors rises above ten (10) percent of the lower ex plosive limit, painting shall be stopped and the compartment shall be evacuated until the concentration again falls below ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit. If the concentration does not fall when painting is stopped, additional ven tilation to bring the concentration down to ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit shall be provided. (3) Ventilation shall be continued after the completion of painting until the space or compartment is gas free. The final determination as to whether the space or compartment Is gas free shall be made after the ventilating equipment has been shut oB for at least ten minutes. (4) Exhaust ducts s i \ disc clear of working areas and away sources of possible ignition. Pe tests shall be made to ensure thi exhausted vapors are not accumu in other areas within or around th sel or dry dock. (5) All motors and control equli shall be of the explosion-proof type shall have nonferrous blades. Po air ducts shall also be of n'onferroi. terials. All motors and associated c equipment shall be properly m ain and grounded. (6) Only non-sparking p ain t bi spray guns and tools shall be Metal parts of paint brushes and shall be insulated. Staging sh erected in a m anner which ensure it is non-sparking. (7) Only explosion proof light proved by the Underwriters'Labor: for use in Class I, Group D atmos; or approved as permissible by th Bureau of Mines or the U.S. Coast ( shall be used. (8) A competent person shall 1 all power and lighting cables to that the insulation Is in excellen dition, free of all cracks and worn that there are no connections fifty (50) feet of the operation, tha are not overloaded, and th at thi suspended with sufficient slack to p undue stress or chafing. (9) The face, eyes, head, hands other exposed parts of the bodies c ployees handling such highly v paints shall be protected. All fcx shall be non-sparking, such as rt rubber boots or rubber soled, shoes out nails. Coveralls or other outer ing shall be of cotton. Rubber, than plastic gloves shall be used bi of the danger of static sparks. -(10) No matches, lighted clga cigars, or pipes, and no cigarette li or ferrous articles shall be take: the area where work is being don (11) All solvent drums taken in compartment shall be placed on ferrous surfaces and shall be groun the vessel. Metallic contact sh maintained between containers drums when m aterials are being i ferred from one to another. (12) Spray guns, paint pots, metallic parts of connecting tubing be electrically bonded, and the b assembly shall be grounded tc vessel. (13) All employees continuously 7 l (|1& Title 29-- Chapter XIII ompartment In whiSSrsuch painting Is 1502.31 V entilation and p ro tec tio n in )elng performed, shall be protected by welding, cu ttin g and Healing. ilr line respirators lnaccordance with he requirements of *F502.82(a) and by (a) Mechanical ventilation; require suitable protective clothing. Employees m ent. (1) For purposes of this sec tion, mechanical ventilation shall meet mtering such compartments for a imited time shall be protected by filter the following requirements: cartridge type respirators in accordance (1) Mechanical ventilation shall con with the requirements Of 1502.82 (a) sist of either general mechanical venti and Cel. lation systems or local exhaust systems. (14) All employees doing exterior (II) General mechanical ventilation paint spraying with such paints shall be shall be of sufficient capacity and so a r protected by suitable filter cartridge type ranged as to produce the number of air respirators In accordance with the re changes necessary to maintain welding quirements of 1502.82 (a) and (e) and fumes and smoke within safe limits. by suitable protective clothing. (III) Local exhaust ventilation shall [29 F .R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1984; 29 F .R . 6089, consist of freely movable hoods in May 8, 1964, as a m e n d ed a t 32 F J t . 14048, tended to be placed by the welder or Oct. 10, 1987] burner as close as practicable to the 1502-25 Flammable liquids. work. This system shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to remove () In all cases when liquid solvents, fumes and smoke at the source and keep paint and preservative removers, paints the concentration of them In the breath or vehicles, other than those covered ing zone within safe limits. by 1 1502.24(b), are capable of produc (iv) Contaminated air exhausted from ing a flammable atmosphere under the a working space shall be discharged into conditions of use the following precau the open air or otherwise clear df the tions shall be taken: source of Intake air. (1) Smoking, open flames, arcs and (v) All air replacing that withdrawn spark-producing equipment shall be pro shall be clean and respirable. hibited In the area. (vi) Oxygen shall not be used for ven (2) Ventilation shall be provided In tilation purposes, comfort cooling, blow sufficient quantities to keep the concen ing dust or dirt from clothing, or for tration of vapors below ten (10) percent cleaning the work area. of their lower explosive limit. Frequent (b) Welding, cutting and heating in tests shall be made by a competent per confined spaces. (1) Except as pro son to ascertain the concentration. vided in paragraphs (b) (3) and (c> (2) (3) Scrapings and rags soaked with of this section, either general mechanical these materials shall be kept in a cov or local exhaust ventilation meeting the ered metal container. requirements of paragraph (a) of this (4) Only explosion proof lights, ap section shall be provided whenever weld proved by the Underwriters' Labora ing, cutting or heating Is performed In tories for use in Class I, Group D atmos a confined space. pheres, or approved as permissible by (2) The means of access shall be pro the U S. Bureau of Mines or the UB. vided to a confined space and ventilation Coast Guard shall be used. ducts to this space shall be arranged In (5) A competent person shall Inspect accordance with 1502.48(b) (1) and (2 ). all power and lighting cables to ensure (3) When sufficient ventilation cannot that the Insulation Is in excellent condi be obtained without blocking the means tion, free of all cracks and worn spots, of access, employees in the confined space that there are no connections within shall be protected by air line respirators fifty (50) feet of the operation, that in accordance with the requirements of lines are not overloaded, and that they 5 1502.82(a), and an employee on the are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent undue stress or chafing. outside of such a confined space shall be () Suitable fire extinguishing equip assigned to maintain communication ment shall be immediately available In with those working within It and to aid the work area and shall be maintained them In an emergency. , in a state of readiness for instant use. (c) Welding, cutting or heating of Subpart D--Welding, CuMing and metals of toxic significance. (1) Weld ing, cutting or heating in any enclosed Heating spaces aboard the vessel involving the metals specified in this subparagraph lltie ZY----w n o p i e r / \ m shall be performed with either general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. Cl) Zinc-bearing base or filler metals or metals coated with zinc-bearing m a-' te rials. (II) Lead base metals. (III) Cadmium-bearing filler mate rials. have been taken: (1) The use of chlori-M.ed boIv shall be kept a t least two hundred ( feet from the exposed arc, and surl prepared with chlorinated solvents i be thoroughly dry before welding Is mltted on such surfaces, (11) Helpers and other employee the area not protected from the ar screening as provided In } 1502.3 shall be protected by filter lenses met (iv) Chromium-bearing metals or metals coated with chromium-bearing materials. (2) Welding, cutting or heating In any enclosed spaces aboard the vessel in volving the metals specified in this subparagraph shall be performed with local exhaust ventilation in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section or employees shall be pro tected by air line respirators in ac cordance with the requirements of 1502.82(a). (i) Metals containing lead, other than as an impurity, or metals coated with lead-bearing materials. (ii) Cadmium-bearing or cadmium coated base metals. (iii) Metals coated with mercury bearing metals. (iv) Beryllium-containing base or filler metals. Because of its high toxicity, work involv ing beryllium shall be done with both local exhaust ventilation and air line respirators. (3) Employees performing such opera tions in the open air shall be protected by filter type respirators in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (d) (2) (iv) of 8 1502.82, except th at employees performing such operations on beryllium-containing base or filler metals shall be protected by air line res pirators in accordance with the require ments of 8 1502.82(a). (4) Other employees exposed to the same atmosphere as the welders or burn ers shall be protected in the same manner as the welder or burner. (d) Inert-gas metal-arc welding. (1) Since the inert-gas metal-arc welding process involves the production of ultra violet radiation of intensities of 5 to 30 times that produced during shielded metal-arc welding, the decomposition of chlorinated solvents by ultraviolet rays, and the liberation of toxic fumes* and gases, employees shall not be permitted to engage In, or be exposed to the process until the following special precautions the requirements of 8 1502.81 (a) an< When two or more welders are exj to each other's arc, filter lens goggl a suitable type meeting the requirec of } 1502.81 (a) and (c) shall be under welding helmets or hand si to protect the welder against flashe: radiant energy when either the h/ Is lifted or the shield Is removefl. (iii) Welders and other employee! are exposed to radiation shall be sui protected so that the skin is co completely to prevent burns and damage by ultraviolet rays. We helmets and hand shields shall be of leaks and openings, and free of b reflective surftices. (iv) When Inert-gas m etal-arc lng is being performed on stainless the requirements of paragraph (c) < this section shall be m et to pi against dangerous concentrator nitrogen dioxide. (e) General welding, catting and ing. (1) Welding, cutting and he not Involving conditions or m ateria scribed in paragraphs (b>, (c) or < this section may normally be done out mechanical ventilation or respir protective equipment, but where, be of unusual physical or atmospheric ditions, an unsafe accumulation ol taminants exists, suitable mechi ventilation or respiratory prot equipment shall be provided. (2) Employees performing any t: welding, cutting or heating shall bi tected by suitable eye protective < ment In accordance with the re ments of 8 1502.81 (a) an d (c). [29 F.R. 4029, M ar. 27, 1904; 29 FJ& M ay 8, 1964, a s a m e n d e d a t 32 F .R . O ct. 10, 1967] 1502.32 Fire prevention.* (a) When practical, objects welded, cut or heated shall be mo 1 46 CFEt 146.02-20 c o n ta i n s C o a st regulations p ertaining to w elding and i w hile explosives and d a n g ero u s cargi being handled. 9! Title 29-- Chapter XIII lrcuit. Electrodes sstfff not be struck gainst a cylinder to strike an arc. (3) Fuel gas cylinders shall be placed vlth valve end up whenever they are In ise. They shall not be placed In a ocatlon where they would be subject to jpen flame, hot metal, or other sources of artificial heat. (4) Cylinders containing oxygen or acetylene or other fuel gas shall not be taken into confined spaces. <c) Treatment of cylinders. (1) Cyl inders, whether full or empty, shall not be used as rollers or supports. (2) No person other than the gas supplier shall attempt to mix gases In a cylinder. No one except the owner of the cylinder or person authorized by him shall refill a cylinder. No one shall use a cylinder's contents for purposes other than those Intended by the supplier. Only cylinders bearing Inter state Commerce Commission Identi fication and Inspection markings shall be used. (3) No damaged or defective cylinder shall be used. fd) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly instruct employees in the safe use of fuel gas, as follows: (1) Before connecting a regulator to a cylinder valve, the valve shall be opened slightly and closed Immediately. (This action Is generally termed ''cracking" and is Intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter the regulator). The person cracking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet, not In front of it. The valve of a fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the gas would reach welding work, sparks, flame or other possible sources of ignition. (2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent damage to the regulator. To permit quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be opened more than IV2 turns. When a special wrench is required, It shall be left in position on the tem of the valve while the cylinder Is In use so that the fuel gas flow can be shut off quickly In case of an emergency. In the case of manifolded or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall always be avail able for Immediate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when In use, which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve. (3) Fuel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or other devices which are equipped with shut-off valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold. (4) Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve shall always be closed and the gas released from the regulator. (5) If, when the valve on a fuel gas cylinder Is opened, there is found to be a leak around the valve stem, the valye shall be closed and the gland nut tightened. If this action does not stop the leak, the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued, and It shall be properly tagged and removed from the vessel. In the event that fuel gas should leak from the cylinder valve rather than from the valve stem and the gas cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall be properly tagged and removed from the vessel. If a regulator attached to a cylinder valve will effectively stop a leak through the valve seat, the cylinder need not be removed from the vessel. (6) If a leak should develop at a fuse plug or other safety device, the cylinder shall be removed from the vessel. (e) Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds. (1) Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds shall bear the name of the substance they con tain In letters at least one (1) Inch high which shall be either painted on the manifold or on a sign permanently at tached to It. (2) Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds shall be placed In safe and accessible locations in the open air. They shall not be located within enclosed spaces. (3) Manifold hose connections, in cluding both ends of the supply hose th at lead to the manifold, shall be such that the hose cannot be interchanged between fuel gas and oxygen manifolds and sup ply header connections. Adapters shall not be used to permit the interchange of hose. Hose connections shall be kept free of grease and oil. (4) When not In use, manifold and header hose connections shall be capped. (5) Nothing shall be placed on top of a manifold, when in use, which will damage the manifold or Interfere with the quick closing of the valves. (f) Hose. (1) Fuel gas hose and oxy gen hose shall be easily distinguishable from each other. The contrast may be made by different colors or by surface characteristics readily distinguishable by the sense of touch. Oxygen and fuel gas hoses shall not be Interchangeable. A single hose having more than one gas 12 Title 29-- Chapter X III passage, a wall failure of which would permit the flow of one gas Into the other gas passage, shall not be used. (2) When parallel sections of oxygen and fuel gas hose are taped together, not more than 4 inches out of 8 Incheh shall be covered by tape. lated against the m ax(\_>vYi vok countered to ground. (b ) Welding cables and cor (1) All arc welding and cuttln shall be of the completely lr flexible type, capable of hand: maximum current requirement* work In progress, taking Into aco (3) All hose carrying acetylene, oxy gen, natural or manufactured fuel gas, or any gas or substance which may ignite or enter into combustion or be in any way harmful to employees, shall be inspected at the beginning of each shift. Defective hose shall be removed from service. (4) Hose which has been subjected to flashback or which shows evidence of severe wear or damage shall be tested to twice the normal pressure to which it is subject, but in no case less than two hundred (200) psl. Defective hose or hose in doubtful condition shall not be used. (5) Hose couplings shall be of the type that cannot be unlocked or disconnected by means of a straight pull without rotary motion. (6) Boxes used for the stowage of gas hose shall be ventilated. (g) Torches. (1) Clogged torch tip openings shall be cleaned with suitable cleaning wires, drills or other devices designed for such purpose. (2) Torches shall be Inspected a t the beginning of each shift for leaking shut off valves, hose couplings, and tip con nections. Defective torches shall not be used. (3) Torches shall be lighted by fric tion lighters or other approved devices, and not by matches or from hot work. (h) Pressure regulators. Oxygen and fuel gas pressure regulators including their related gauges shall be in proper working order while in use. [29 F.R . 4028, M ar, 27, 1984; 29 F.R . 8089, M ay 8, 1964, as a m e n d ed a t 32 FJR. 14048, O ct. 10, 19071 1502.36 Arc welding and cutting. (a) Manual electrode holders. (1) only manual electrode holders which are specifically designed for arc welding and cutting and are of a capacity capable of safely handling the maximum rated current required by the electrodes shall be used. (2) Any current carrying parts pass ing through the portion of the holder which the arc welder or cutter grips In his hand, and the outer surfaces of the Jaws of the holder, shall be fully insu duty cycle under which the arc or cutter is working. (2) Only cable free.from ri Bplices for a minimum distanc (10) feet from the cable end t the electrode holder la connect be used, except th a t cables witl ard Insulated connectors or wit whose insulating quality Is equa of the cable are permitted. (3) When it becomes necei connect or splice lengths of cab another, substantial insulated tors of a capacity at least equl' th at of the cable shall be used, nectlons are effected by means lugs, they shall be securely together to give good electrical and the exposed metal parts of shall be completely Insulated. (4) Cables in poor repair shs used. When a cable, other t cable lead referred to In subpi (2) of this paragraph, becomes the extent of exposing bare coi the portion thus exposed shall tected by means of rubber and tapes or other equivalent instil (c) Ground returns and grounding. (1) A ground retv shall have a safe current can parity equal to or exceeding the maximum output capacity of welding or cutting unit which it When a single ground return cb Ices more than one unit. Its saf carrying capacity shall equal c the total specified maximum capacities of all the units whicl Ices. (2) Structures or pipe line* pipe lines containing gases or fl liquids or conduits containing circuits, may be used as p ar ground return circuit, provided pipe or structure has a current capacity equal to that required paragraph (1) of this paragrai (3) When a structure or pli employed as a ground retun It shall be determined th a t the electrical contact exists a t a The generation of an arc, spark at any point shall cause rejectl i u.iio oi not less than 1%0 x 2% inch lumber. (4) Trestle ladders and base sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when In an open position the spread of the trestle at the bottom. Inside to inside, shall be not less than 5Y2 Inches per foot of the length of the ladder. (5) The width between the side rails at the bottom of the trestle ladder or of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be not less than 21 Inches for all ladders and sections 6 feet or less In length. For longer lengths of ladder the width shall be increased at least 1 Inch for each additional foot of length. The width between the side rails of the extension section of the trestle ladder shall be not less than 12 inches. (6) In order to limit spreading, the top ends of the side rails of both the trestle ladder and of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be bev eled, or of equivalent construction, and shall be provided with a metal hinge. (7) A m etal spreader or locking device to hold the front and back sections in an open position, and to hold the extension section securely in the elevated position, shall be a component of each trestle ladder or extension trestle ladder. (8) Rungs shall be parallel and level. On the trestle ladder, or on the base sec tion of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 Inches apart; on the extension section of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than 6 Inches nor more than 12 Inches apart. (9) Platform planking shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section, except that the width of the platform planking shall not exceed the distance between the sideTails. (10) Backxails and toeboards shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1) of this section. (e) Painters'suspended scaffolds. (1) The supporting hooks of swinging scaf folds shall be constructed to be equiva lent in strength to mild steel or wrought iron, shall be forged with care, shall be not less than % inch in diameter, and shall be secured to a safe anchorage at all times. (2) The ropes supporting a swinging scaffold shall be equivalent in strength to first-grade 3/i inch diameter manila rope properly rigged into a set of stand ard 6 inch blocks consisting of a t least one double and one single block. (3) Manila and wire ropes shall be carefully examined before each opera tion and thereafter as frequently as may be necessary to ensure their safe condi tion. (4) Each end of the scaffold platform shall be supported by a wrought iron or mild steel stirrup or hanger, which in turn is supported by the suspension ropes. (5) Stirrups shall be constructed so as to be equivalent in strength to wrought iron % inch in diameter. (6) The stirrups shall be formed with a horizontal bottom member to support the platform, shall be provided with means to support the guardrail and mid rail and shall have a loop or eye a t the top for securing the supporting hook on the block. (7) Two or more swinging scaffolds shall not a t any time be combined into one by bridging the distance between them with planks or any other form of platform. 8) No more than two men shall be permitted to work a t one time on a swinging scaffold built to the' minimum specifications contained In this para graph. Where heavier construction is used, the number of men permitted to work on the scaffold shall be determined by the size and the safe working load of thescaffold, (9) Backralls and toeboards shall be in accordance with, the requirements of paragraph ti) of this section. (10) The swinging scaffold platform shall be one of the three types described in subparagraphs (11), (12) and (13) of this paragraph. (11) The ladder-type platform con sists of boards upon a horizontal ladder like structure, referred to herein as the ladder, the side rails of which are paral lel. If this type of platform is used the following requirements shall be met: (i) The width between the side rails shall be no more than 20 Inches. <li) The side rails of ladders in laddertype platforms shall be equivalent in strength to a beam of clear straightgrained spruce of the dimensions con tained in Table E-8 in 5 1502.68. (ill) The side rails shall be tied to gether with tie rods. The tie rods shall be not less than %o inch in diameter, located no more than 5 feet aparfy pass through the rails, and be riveted up'tight against washers a t both ends. (iv) The rungs shall be of straight- 16 une /y-- inapter XlU r\ grained oak, ash, or hickory, not less than on centers. 1Vi inches diameter, with. % inch tenons (vi) The platform sha; mortised Into the side rails not less than than 34 Inches wide. % Inch and shall be spaced no more than tvii) The platform sha! 18 Inches on centers, boards % inch In thlckn <v) Flooring strips shall be spaced no than 6 inches In width, more than % inch apart except at the together, and extending i side rails, where 1 inch spacing is per face of the stringers. ( missible. (viii) T he ends of all pi shall rest on the top of thj (vi) Flooring strips shall be cleated on their undersides. shall be securely nailed, ar (12) The plank-type platform con mediate points in the iengi sists of planks supported on the stirrups form shall there be any csj or hangers. If this type of platform Is (f) Horse scaffolds. (1) 'j used, the following requirements shall be dimensions of lumber usee met: struction of horses shall be i with Table E-3 in 5 1502.61 (1) The planks ox piank-type plat (2) Horses constructed forms shall be of not less than 2x10 inch other than lumber shall lumber. strength, rigidity and secui (ii) The platform shall be no more of horses constructed of lu than 24 inches in width. (3) The lateral spread of t (lii) The planks shall be tied to be equal to not less than, i gether by cleats of not less than 1 x 8 the height of the horse. inch lumber, nailed on their undersides (4) All horses shall be kept a t intervals of not more than 4 feet. pair, and shall be properly se (iv) The planks shall extend not l$ss used In staging or to locat than 6 Inches nor more than 18 inches they may be insecure. beyond the supporting stirrups. (5) Platform planking sha (v) A cleat shall be nailed across the cordance with the requiremei platform on the underside a t each end graph (h) of this section. outside the stirrup to prevent the plat (8) Backrails and toeboard form from slipping off the stirrup. accordance with paragraph <vi> stirrup supports shall be not more section. than 10 feet apart. (g) Other types of sea (131 The beam-type platform consists Scaffolds of a type for whlci of longitudinal side 6tringers with cross tions are not contained In t beams set on edge and spaced not more shall meet the general requl than 4 feet apart on which longitudinal paragraphs (a ), (h) and (1> i platform planks are laid. If this type Won, shall be In accordance v platform is used the following require nixed principles of design ar ments shall be met: constructed in accordance wit (I) The side stringers shall be of standards covering such equti sound, straight-grained lumber, free (h> Scaffold or platform from knots, and of not less than 2 x 8 (1) Except as otherwise pi Inch lumber, set on edge. paragraph (e) (11) and (1 (II) The stringers shall be supported section, platform planking s on the stirrups with a clear span between not less than 2 x 10 Inch lum stirrups of not more than 16 feet. form planking shall be straig (Hi) The stringers shall be bolted to and free from large or loose the stirrups by U-bolts passing around may be either rough or dress< the stirrups and bolted through the (2) Platforms of staging si stringers with nuts drawn up tight on the less than two 10 inch plank: except in such cases as the si inside face. the vessel or the width of (iv) The ends of the stringers 6hall ladders make it Impossible extend beyond the stirrups not less than such a width. 6 inches nor more than 12 inches at each (3) Platform planking sht end of the platform. beyond the supporting membei (v) The platform shall be supported end by at least 8 Inches but J on cross beams of 2 % 6 inch lumber shall project more than 12 inc between the side stringers securely nailed the planks are fastened to, the i thereto and spaced not more than 4 feet members. Title 29-- Chapter XII! structure as a ground circuit. (4) When a structure or pipe line la continuously employed as a ground re turn circuit, all Joints shall be bonded, and periodic inspections shall be con ducted to ensure th at no condition of electrolysis or fire hazard exists by vir tue of such use. (5) The frames of all arc welding and cutting machines shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductor or through a separate wire which la grounded a t the source of the current. Grounding circuits, other than by meana of the vessel's structure, shall be checked to ensure th a t the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conduc tor has resistance low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current. (6) All ground connections shall be Inspected to ensure th at they are me chanically strong and electrically ade quate for the required current. (d) Operating instructions. Employ ers shall Instruct employees in the safe means of arc welding and cutting as follows: (1) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall be removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected th at they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects. (2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped m water, since to do so may ex pose the arc welder or cutter to electric shock. (3) When the aTCwelder or cutter has occasion to leave his work or to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc welding or cutting machine Is to be moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened. (4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the supervisor. (e) Shielding. Whenever practicable, all arc welding and cutting operations shall be shielded by noncombustible or flame-proof screens which will protect employees and other persons working in the vicinity from the direct rays of the arc. (29 F.R . 4028, M ar. 27. 1964; 29 F.R. 6089. May 8, 5984, a i a m e n d e d a t 32 F.R . 14048, Oct, 10, 1967] 1502.37 U ses of fissionable m aterial in shipbuilding. (al In shipbuilding and related activi ties involving the use of an exposure to sources of ionizing radiation not only on conventionally powered but also on nuclear powered vessels, the applicable provisions of the Atomic Energy Commis sion's Standards for Protection Against Radiation (10 CFR Part 20), relating to protection against occupational radia tion exposure, shall apply. (b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive material, whether or not under license from the Atomic En ergy Commission, shall be performed by competent persons specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials used under Commission license, only per sons actually licensed, or competent per sons under direction and supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work. Subpart E-- Scaffolds, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces 1502.41 Scaffolds or staging. () General requirements. (1) All scaffolds and their supports, whether of lumber, steel or other material, shall be capable of supporting the load they are designed to carry with a safety factor of not less than four (4). (2) AU lumber used In the construc tion of scaffolds shall be spruce, fir, long leaf yellow pine, Oregon pine or wood Of equal strength. The use of hemlock, short leaf yellow pine or short fiber lumber Is prohibited. (3) Lumber dimensions as 'given in this subpart are nominal except where given in fractions of an inch. (4) All lumber used in the construc tion of scaffolds shall be sound, straightgrained, free from cross grain, shakes and large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other defects which im pair Its strength or durability. (5) Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe and secure condition. Any com ponent of the scaffold which Is broken, burned or otherwise defective shall be replaced. () Barrels, boxes, cans, loose bricks, or other unstable objects shall not be used as working platforms or for the support of planking Intended as scaffolds or working platforms. (7) No scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except un der the supervision of competent persons. (8) No welding, burning, riveting or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of fiber rope. (9) Lifting bridles on working plat forms suspended from cranes shall con sist of four legs so attached that the stability of the platform is assured, (10) Unless the crane hook has asafety latch or is moused, the lifting bridles on working platforms suspended from cranes shall be attached by shackles to the lower lifting block or other positive means shall be taken to prevent them from becoming accidentally disengaged from the crane hook. (b) Independent pole wood scaffolds. (1; All pole uprights shall be set plumb. Poles shall rest on a foundation of suffi cient size and strength to distribute the load and to prevent displacement. (2) In light-duty scaffolds not more than 24 feet in height, poles may be spliced by overlapping the ends not less than 4 feet and securely nailing them together. A substantial cleat shall be nailed to the lower section to form a support for the upper section except when bolted connections are used. (3) All other poles to be spliced shall be squared a t the ends of each splice, abutted, and rigidly fastened together by not less than two cleats securely nailed or bolted thereto. Each cleat shall overlap each pole end by at least 24 Inches and shall have a width equal to the face of the pole to which It is attached. The combined cross sectional area of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the pole. (4) Ledgers shall extend over two consecutive pole spaces and shall over lap the poles a t each end by not less than 4 Inches. They shall be left In position to brace the poles as the plat form is raised with the progress of the work. Ledgers shall be level and shall be securely nailed or bolted to each pole and shall be placed against the inside face of each pole. (5) All bearers shall be set with their greater dimension vertical and shall ex tend beyond the ledgers upon which they rest. (6) Diagonal bracing shall be provided between the parallel poles, and cross bracing shall be provided between the inner and outer poles or from the outer poles to the ground. (7) Minimum dimensions and spacing of members shall be In accordance with Table E -l In 1502.68. (3) Platform planking shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section. (9) Backralls and toeboards shall be y\lll in accordance with the *vT^frer paragraph (1) of this seCi-in. (c) Independent pole metal s (1) Metal scafTold members t maintained In good repair and corrosion. (2) All vertical and horlzonts bers shall be fastened together coupler or locking device which v a positive connection. The loci vice shall be of a type which loose parts. (3) Posts shall be kept plumt erection and the scaffold shall sequently kept plumb and rigid b of adequate bracing. (4) Posts shall be fitted wit supported on a firm foundation tribute the load. W hen wooden used, the bases shall be fastened (5) Bearers shall be located at of posts, a t each level, and at eac mediate level where working pi are installed. (6) Tubular bracing shall be both lengthwise and crosswise quired. (7) Platform planking shall accordance with the requlrem paragraph Ch) of this section. (S) Backralls and toeboards ; In accordance with the requiren paragraph (1) of this section. (d) Wood trestle and extension ladders. (1) The use of trestle or extension sections or base sec extension trestle ladders longer feet is prohibited. The total hi base and extension may, howe more than 20 feet. (2) The minimum dimensions side rails of the trestle ladder, base sections of the extension ladder, shall be as follows : (i) Ladders up to and includln 16 feet long shall have side rails less than l ^ 0 x 2% inch lumber. (ii) Ladders over 16 feet long to and including those 20 feet lor have side rails of not less than 1 Inch lumber. (3) The side rails of the ex section of the extension trestle shall be parallel and shall have ml dimensions as follows: (I) Ladders up to and Including long shall have side rails of not le: Wia x 2Vninch lumber. (II) Ladders over 12 feet long ; to and Including those 16 feet Ion have side rails of not less than Inch lumber. (ill) Ladders over 16 feet long t e I Title 29-- Chapter Xlll (4) Table E-4 In 1502.68 shall be used (4) Ladders forming integral parts of a guide in determining safe loads for prefabricated staging are deemed to scaffold planks. meet the requirements of these regula (1) Backrails and toeboards. (1) tions. Scaffolding, staging, runways, or work (5) Access from above to staging more ing platforms which are supported or than 3 feet below the point of access shall suspended more than 5 feet above a consist of a straight, portable ladder solid surface, or a t any distance above meeting the applicable requirements of the water, shall be provided with a rail 5 1502.42 or a Jacob's ladder properly ing which has a top rail whose upper sur secured, meeting the requirements of face Is from 42 to 45 inches above the 1502.44(d), upper surface of the staging, platform, [29 F.R. 4028, M m . 27, 1984; 20 F J t. 6089, or runway and a mldxall located half May 8, 1964, as am en d ed a t S3 F J t. 14048, way between the upper rail and the stag Oct. 10, 1967] ing, platform, or runway. 1502.42 Ladders. (2) Rails shall be of 2 x 4 inch lumber, flat bar or pipe. When used with rigid () General requirements. (1) The supports, taut wire or fiber rope of use of ladders with broken or missing adequate strength may be used. If the rungs or steps, broken or split side rails, distance between supports is more than or other faulty or defective construction 8 feet, rails shall be equivalent In strength is prohibited. When ladders with such to 2 x 4 Inch lumber. Ralls shall be firmly defects are discovered, they shall be im secured. Where exposed to hot work or mediately withdrawn from service. In chemicals, fiber rope rails shall not be spection of metal ladders shall include used. checking for corrosion of Interiors of (3) Ralls may be omitted where the open end, hollow rungs. structure of the vessel prevents their use. (2) When sections of ladders are When rails are omitted employees work spliced, the ends shall be abutted, and ing more than 5 feet above solid surfaces not fewer than 2 cleats shall be securely shall be protected by safety belts and life nailed or bolted to each rail. The com lines meeting the requirements of bined cross sectional area of the cleats 1 1502.84(b), and employees working shall be not less than the cross sectional over water shall be protected by buoyant area of the side rail. The dimensions ef work vests meeting the requirements of side rails for their total length shall be 1502.84(a). those specified In paragraphs (b) or (c) (4) Employees working from swinging of this section. scaffolds which are triced out of a verti (3) Portable ladders shall be lashed, cal line below their supports or from blocked or otherwise secured to prevent scaffolds on paint floats subject to surg their being displaced. The side rails of ing, shall be protected against falling ladders used for access to any level toward the vessel by a railing or a safety shall extend not less than 36 Inches above belt and line attached to the backrail. that level. When this Is not practical, (5) When necessary, to prevent tools grab balls which will provide a secure and materials from falling on men below, grip for an employee moving to or from toeboards of not less than 1 x 4 Inch the point of access shall be installed. lumber shall be provided. (4) Portable metal ladders shall be of (j) Access to staging. (1) Access strength equivalent to th at of wood from below to staging more than 5 feet ladders. Manufactured portable metal above a floor, deck or the ground shall ladders provided by the employer shall consist of well secured stairways, cleated be In accordance with the provisions of ramps, fixed or portable ladders meet the United States of America Standard ing the applicable requirements of Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders, 1502.42 or rigid type non-collapslble A14.2. trestles with parallel and level rungs. (5) Portable metal ladders shall not be (2) Ramps and stairways shall be pro used near electrical conductors nor for vided with 36-lnch handrails With electric arc welding operations. midrails. () Manufactured portable I wood (3) Ladders shall be so located or ladders provided by the employer shall other means shall be taken bo that it is be in accordance with the provisions of not necessary for employees to step the United States of America Standard more than one foot from the ladder to Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladders, any intermediate landing or platform. A14.1 Title 29-- Chapter Xlll (b) Construction of portable wood cleated ladders up to 30 feet in length. (1) Wood side rails shall be made from West Coast hemlock, Eastern spruce, Sitka spruce, or wood of equivalent strength. Material shall be seasoned, straight-grained wood, and free from shakes, checks, decay or other defects which will impair its strength. The use Ul) Cleats shall be of not less 1x4 inch lumber. (iii) Cleats shall be nailed to eacl with five lOd common wire nai fastened with through bolts or < fastenings of equivalent strength. [29 F.R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1064; 29 F J t. May 8, 1884, as am ended a t 32 F S . O ct. 10, 1907] of low density woods is prohibited. 1502.43 G uarding o f deck ope (2) Side rails shall be dressed on all and edges. sides, and kept free of splinters. (3) All knots shall be sound and hard. (a) When employees are workii The use of material containing loose the vicinity of flush manholes and 1 knots is prohibited. Knots shall not small openings of comparable size k appear on the narrow face of the rail deck and other working surfaces, and, when in the side face, shall be not openings shall be suitably covere more than xk inch in diameter or within guarded to a height of not less y2 inch of the edge of the rail or nearer 30 inches, except where the use of than 3 Inches to a tread or rung. guards is made Impracticable by the (4) Pitch pockets not exceeding J/s actually In progress. inch in width, 2 inches in length and y2 (b) When employees are woi inch in depth are permissible in wood side around open hatches not protecte rails, provided th a t not more than one coamings to a height of 24 inch* such pocket appears in each 4 feet of around other large openings, the length. of the opening shall he guarded lr (5) The width between side rails at working area to a height of 36 t the base shall be not less than l l l/2 inches, except where the use of inches for ladders 10 feet or less in guards is made impracticable by length. For longer ladders this width work actually in progress. shall be increased at least Vi inch for (c) When employees are expose each additional 2 feet of length. unguarded edges of decks, platfc (6) Side rails shall be at least 1% x flats, and similar flat surfaces, more 3% inches in cross section. 5 feet above a solid surface, the e (7) Cleats (meaning rungs rectangular shall be guarded by adequate guard in cross section with the wide dimension meeting the requirements of 1502.' parallel to the rails) shall be of the (1) and (2), unless the nature of the ' material used for side rails, straight- in progress or the physical condit grained and free from knots. Cleats prohibit the use or installation of shall be mortised Into the edges of the guardrails. side rails V2 inch, or filler blocks shall be (d) When employees arc working used on the rails between the cleats. the unguarded edges of decks of ve The cleats shall be secured to each rail afloat, they shall be protected by buo with three lOd common wire nails or work vests, meeting the requirement fastened with through bolts or other 1502.84(a). fasteners of equivalent strength. Cleats (e) Section of bilges in which 1 shall be uniformly spaced not more than plates or gratings have not befen instt 12 inches apart. shall be guarded by guardrails ex (8) Cleats 20 Inches or less In length where they would interfere with the v shall be at least 2%2 x 3 inches in cross in progress. If these open sections ai section. Cleats over 20 Inches but not a walkway at least two 10-lnch pit more than 30 inches in length shall be at placed side by side, or equivalent, sha least x 3% inches In cross section. laid across the opening to provide a (c) Construction of portable uiood walking surface. cleated ladders from 30 to BO feet in (f) Gratings, walkways, and catwt length. (1) Ladders from 30 to 60 feet in which sections of gTatings and lad in length shall be in accordance with the have not been installed shall be be specifications of paragraph (b) of this caded with adequate guardrails. section with the following exceptions; [29 FJT. 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 YK ,. ( (i) Rails shall be of not less than 2 x 6 May 8, 1664, as a m e n d ed a t 32 F R . 1< inch lumber. Oct. 10, 1987] Title 29-- Chapter XIII 1502.44 Access to vessels. inches in height shall be provided be () Access to vessels afloat. The em tween the top of the bulwark and the deck. ployer shall not permit employees to board or leave any vessel, except a barge (9) Obstructions shall not be laid on or river towboat, until the following re or across the gangway. (10) The means of access shall be ade quirements have been met: (1) Whenever practicable, a gangway quately Illuminated for its full length. of not less than 20 Inches walking,sur (11) Load's shall not be passed over face, of adequate strength, maintained the means of access while employees are In safe repair and safely secured shall on it. (b) Access to vessels in drydock or be be used. If a gangway Is not practi cable, a substantial straight ladder, ex tween vessels. Gangways meeting the tending at least 36 inches above the requirements of paragraph (a) (1), (2), upper landing surface and adequately (8), (9) and (10) of this section shall be secured against shifting or slipping shall provided for access from wing wall to be provided. When conditions are such vessel or, when two or more vessels, other than barges or river towboats, are lying th at neither a gangway nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder abreast, from one vessel to another, meeting the requirements of paragraph (c) Access to barges and river tow (d) Cl) and <2) of this section may be boats. (1) Ramps for access of vehicles used. to or between barges shall be of ade quate strength, provided with side (2) Each side of such gangway, and the turn table if used, shall have a rail boards, well maintained and properly ing with a minimum height of approxi secured. mately 33 inches measured perpendicu (2) Unless employees can step safely larly from rail to walking surface at the to or from the wharf, float,' barge, or stanchion, with mid rail. Rails shall river towboat, either a ramp In accord be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, or rope and ance with the requirements of subpara shall be kept taut a t all times. graph (1) of this paragraph or a safe (3) The gangway shall be kept prop walkway in accordance with the require erly trimmed at all times. ments of paragraph (a) (7) of this sec (4) When a fixed tread accommoda tion shall be provided. When a walk tion ladder Is used, and the angle Is low way is impracticable, a substantial lad enough to require employees to walk on der, extending at least 36 inches above the edge of the treads, cleated duck- the upper landing surface and ade boards shall be laid over and secured to quately secured against shifting or slip the ladder. ping shall be provided. When condi (5) When the lower end of a gangway tions are such that neither a walkway overhangs the water between the ship nor a straight ladder can be used, a and the dock in such a m anner that there Jacob's ladder In accordance with the re is danger of employees falling between quirements of paragraph (d) of this sec the ship and the dock, a net or other tion may be used. suitable protection shall be rigged at the (3) The means of access shall be In foot of the gangway In such a manner as accordance with the requirements of to prevent employees from falling from paragraph (a)(8), (9) and (10) of this the end of the gangway. section. () If the foot of the gangway Is more (d) Jacob's ladders. (1) Jacob's lad than one foot away from the edge of the ders shall be of the double rung or flat apron, the space between them shall be tread type. They shall be well main bridged by a firm walkway equipped with tained and properly secured. railings, with a minimum height of ap (2) A Jacob's ladder shall either hang proximately 33 inches with mid rails on without slack from Its lashings or be both sides. pulled up entirely. C7) Supporting bridles shall be kept clear so as to permit unobstructed pas 1502.45 Access to and gu ard in g o f dry- sage for employees using the gangway. docks and m arine railways. (8) When the upper end of the means (a) A gangway, ramp or* permanent of access rests on or flush with the top of the bulwark, substantial steps properly secured and equipped with at least one substantial handrail approximately 33 stairway of not less than 20 Inches walk ing surface, of adequate strength, main tained In ;afe repair and securely fastened, sha 1 be provided between a me -- v-napter a im floating dry dock and the pier or bulk spaces do not meet the req'uiren head. subparagraph (1) of this pai Cb) Each side of such gangway, ramp When conditions are such th at a or permanent stairway, including those ladder cannot be used, a Jacob'; which are used for access to wing walls, meeting the requirements of S 15( from dry dock floors, shall have a railing may be used. with a mid rail. Such railings on gang (4) Fixed ladders or straight ways or ramps shall be approximately provided for access to cargo spac 42 inches in height; and railings on per not be used a t the same time tha manent stairways shall be not less than ment, materials or other loe approximately 30 or more than approxi entering or leaving the' hold, mately 34 inches in height. Rails shall using these ladders to enter or If be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, or rope hold, the employee shall be reqi and shall be kept taut at all times. inform the wlnchman or the (c) Railings meeting the requirementssignalman of his Intention. of paragraph (b) of this section shall (b) Confined spaces. (1) Mo be provided on the means of access to one means of access shall be pro1 and from the floors of graving docks. a confined space In which emplo; id) Railings approximately 42 Inches working and In which the wo in height, with a mid rail, shall be pro generate a hazardous atmospher vided on the edges of wing walls of space except where the structun floating dry docks and on the edges of rangement of the vessel makes tl graving docks. Sections of the railings vision impractical. may be temporarily removed where (2) When the ventilating dr necessary to permit line handling while quired by these regulations mr a vessel Is entering or leaving the dock. through these means of access, tl (e) When employees are working on shall be of such a type and so a the floor of a floating dry dock where as to permit free passage to an ei they are exposed to the hazard of fall through at least two of these m ing into the water, the end of the dry access. dock shall be equipped with portable stanchions and 42-lnch railings with a 1502.47 W orking surfaces. mid rail. When such a railing would be (a) When firebox floors presei impracticable or Ineffective, other effec ping hazards of exposed tublnf tive means shall be provided to prevent missing or removed refractory, si men from falling into the water. planking to afford safe footing i <f) Access to wlngwalls from floors of laid while work is being carried or dry docks shall be by ramps, permanent the boiler. stairways or ladders meeting the applica (b) When employees are workh ble requirements of 5 1502.42. or elsewhere a t elevations more (g) Catwalks on stiles of m arine rail feet above a solid surface, either s ways shall be no less than 20 inches wide or a sloping ladder, meeting the z and shall have on a t least one side a ments of this subpart, shall be guardrail and midrail meeting the re afford safe footing, or the employe quirements of 1502.41(1) (1) and (2). be protected by safety belts and [26 F.R. 4002, Mar. 27, 1684; 26 F.R. 6089, meeting the requirements of 150 May 8, 1984, aa amended at 32 FJt. 14046, Employees visually restricted by 1 Oct. 10, 1967) hoods, welding helmets, and 1 1502.46 Access to cargo spaces and goggles shall work from scaffoi confined spaces. from ladders, except for the lnli (a) Cargo spaces. (1) There shall be final start welding or or complete burning opera a job, such as tl at least one safe and accessible ladder in tion and dismantling of hung seal any cargo space which employees must enter. or other similar, nonrepetitive (2) When any fixed ladder is visibly brief duration. unsafe, the employer shall prohibit Its cc) For work performed in re quarters, such as behind boilers use by employees. between congested machinery ur (3) Straight ladders of adequate piping, work platforms a t least 2( strength and suitably secured against wide meeting the requlreme shifting or slipping shall be provided as 5 1502.41(h)(1) shall'be used. B, necessary when fixed ladders in cargo may be omitted if bulkheading, 91 i mie V f-- v n o p i e r a i i i machinery units, or piping aSord proper In safe condition. Temporary lights shall protection against falling. not be suspended by their electric cords (d) When employees are boarding, unless cords and lights are designed for leaving, or working from small boats or this means of suspension. Splices which floats, they shall be protected by buoyant have insulation equal to th a t of the cable work vests meeting the requirements of are permitted. 1502.84(a). (3) Cords shall be kept clear of work 132 F i t . 14049, O ct. 10, 39671 ing spaces and walkways or other loca tions In which they are readily exposed Subpart F--General Working to damage. Conditions (c) Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of temporary lights fur 1502.51 Housekeeping. nished by the employer shall be grounded (a) Good housekeeping conditions either through a third wire in the cable shall be maintained at all times. Ade containing the circuit conductors or quate aisles and passageways shall be through a separate wire which Is maintained in all work areas. All staging grounded at the source of tne current. platforms, ramps, stairways, walkways, Grounding shall be In accordance with aisles, and passageways on vessels or dry- the requirements of 9 1.502.72(b). docks shall be kept clear of all tools, ma (d) Where temporary lighting from terials, and equipment except that which' sources outside the vessel is the only is In use, and all debris such as welding means of Illumination, portable emer rod tips, bolts, nuts, and similar m ate gency lighting equipment shall be avail rial. Hose and electilc conductors shall able to provide Illumination for safe be elevated over or placed under the movement of employees. walkway or working surfaces or covered (e) Employees shall not be permitted by adequate crossover planks. to enter dark spaces without a suitable (b) All working areas on vessels and portable light. The use of matches and dry docks shall be kept reasonably free open flame lights is prohibited. of debris, and construction material shall (f) Temporary lighting stringers or be so piled as not to present a hazard to streamers shall be so arranged as to employees. avoid overloading of branch circuits. (c) Slippery conditions on walkways Each branch circuit shall be equipped or working surfaces shall be eliminated with overcurrent protection of capacity as they occur. not exceeding the rated current earrying (d) Free access shall be maintained at capacity of the cord used. all times to all exits and to all fire-alarm [29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964: 29 F.R. 6080, boxes or flre-extlngulshing equipment. May B, 1964, as a m e n d e d a t 32 F.R . 14049, (e) All oils, paints, thtnners, solvents, Oct. 10, 1967] waste, rags, or other flammable sub stances shall be kept In Are resistant 1502.53 U tilities. ' covered containers when not in use. (a) Steam supply and hoses. (1) 129 F.R . 4028, M ar. 27. 1964; 29 F i t . 6089, Prior to supplying a vessel with steam M ay 8, 1964, as am en d ed a t 32 F JJ. 14049, from a source outside the vessel, the O ct. 10, 1967] employer shall Install a pressure gauge 1502.52 Illumination. and a relief valve of proper size and (a) All means of access and walkways capacity at the point where the tem porary steam hose joins the vessel's leading to working areas as well as the steam piping system or systems. The working areas themselves shall be ade relief valve shall be set and capable of quately Illuminated. relieving at a pressure not exceeding the (b) Temporary lights shall meet the safe working pressure of the vessel's following requirements; system In its present condition, and (1) T e m p o r a r y lights shall be there shall be no means of Isolating the equipped with guards to prevent acci relief valve from the system which it dental contact with the bulb, except protects. The pressure gauge and relief that guards are not required when the valve shall be located so as to be visible construction of the reflector is such that and readily accessible. I the bulb Is deeply recessed. (2) Steam hose and fittings shall have (2) Temporary lights shall be equip a safety factor of not less than five (5). ped with heavy duty electric cords with (3) When steam hose Is hung in a connections and insulation maintained bight or bights, the weight shall be re- 22 Hilt? <wn lleved by appropriate lines. The hose shall be protected against chafing. (4) Steam, hose shall be protected from damage and hose and temporary piping shall be so shielded where passing through normal work areas as to prevent accidental contact by employees. (b) Electric power. (1) When the vessel is supplied with electric power from a source outside the vessel, the following precautions shall be taken prior to energizing the vessel's circuits: (I) If in dry dock, the vessel shall be adequately grounded. (II) The employer shall Insure th a t all of the vessel's circuits to be energized are In a safe condition. (ill) All circuits to be energized shall be equipped with overcurrent protection of capacity not exceeding the rated cur rent carrying capacity of the cord used. (c) Injrctred electrical heat lamps. (1) All Infrared electrical heat lamps shall be equipped with guards th at surround the lamps with the exception of the face, to minimize accidental contact with the lamps. [29 F .R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F.K . 6089. M ay 9, 1964, as a m e n d e d a t 32' F.R . 14049. O ct. 10, 1997] 1502.54 W ork in confined or isolated spaces. When any work Is performed ln a con fined space, except as provided In 5 1502.31(b) (3), or when an employee Is work ing alone In an isolated location, fre quent checks shall be made to ensure the safety of the employees. 1502.55 W ork on o r in the vicinity o f radar and radio. (a) No employees other than radar or radio repairmen .shall be permitted to work on masts, king posts or other aloft areas unless the radar and radio are secured or otherwise made incapable of radiation. In either event, the radio and radar shall be appropriately tagged. (b) Testing of radar or radio shall not be done until the employer can schedule such tests at a time when no work Is In progress aloft or personnel can be cleared from the danger area according to minimum safe distances established for and based on the type, model, and power of the equipment. 1502.56 W ork in or on lifeboats. , (a) Before employees are permitted to work m or on a lifeboat, either stowed or in a suspended position, f y;* shall ensure that the boatv ii' independently of the releasing prevent the boat from falling accidental tripping of the releas and movements of the davits or c of a boat In chocks. (b) Employees shall not be p to remain In boats while the b being hoisted Into final stowed (c) Employees shall not be p to work on the outboard side boats stowed on their chocks ui boats are secured by gripes or o secured to prevent them from i outboard. 1502.57 H ealth and sanitation (a) No chemical product, si solvent or preservative; no s material, such as cadmium or zli steel, or plastic material; and n material, such as welding fllle which is a hazardous materit the meaning of 1502.2(s), shal until the employer has ascerts potential fire, toxic, or reactivity which are likely to be encounter handling, application, or utlli; such a material. (b) In order to ascertain the as required by paragraph (a) section, the employer shall ot following items of Information v applicable to a specific produe terial to be used: (1) The name, address, and t number of the source of the Inf specified in this paragraph, p those of the manufacturer of thi or material. (2) The trade name and syna a mixture of chemicals, a basic s material, or for a process mate the chemical name and s; chemical family, and formula fo chemical. (3) Chemical names of haza gredients. Including, but not U those in mixtures, 6Uch as tho; Paints, preservatives, and solvi alloys, metallic coatings, fllle and their coatings or core flu (iil) other liquids, solids, or gt abrasive materials). (4) An indication of the pe by weight or volume, which eacl ent of a mixture bears to the w' ture, and of the threshold llmil each ingredient, in appropriate 23 title 29-- Chapter XIII welds, deformation and Increase In length or stretch. (3) Interlink wear, not accompanied by stretch In excess of S percent, shall be noted and the chain removed from service when maximum allowable wear at any point of link, as Indicated in Table G--9 in 1502.68 has been reached. (4) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, due to stretch, the Increase in length of a measured section exceeds five (5) percent; when a link Is bent, twisted or otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear. (5) All repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervision. Links or portions of the chain found to be defec tive as described in subparagraph (4) of this paragraph shall be replaced by links having proper dimensions and made of material similar to that of the chain. Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer. (6) Wrought iron chains in constant use shall be annealed or normalized at Intervals not exceeding six months when recommended by the manufacturer. The chain manufacturer shall be con sulted for recommended procedures for annealing or normalizing. Alloy chains shall never be annealed. (7) A load shall-not be lifted with a chain having a kink or knot in It. A chain shall not be shortened by bolting, wiring or knotting. 1502.63 Shackles and hooks. (a) Shackles, (l) Table G-10 m } 1502.68 shall be used to determine the safe working loads,of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe work ing loads are permissible when recom mended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of not less than five (5) overstresses and bends or springs the hook. (3) Hooks shall be inspected period ically to see th at they have not been ben* by overloading. Bent or sprung hook: shall not be used. 1502,64 Chain falls and pull-lifts. (a) Chain falls and pull-lifts shall be clearly marked to show the capacity ant the capacity shall not be exceeded, (b) Chain falls shall be regularly In spected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the lift chain, pinion, sheaves and hooks for distortion and wear.. Pull-lifts shall he regularly Inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the ratchet, pawl, chain and hooks for distortion and wear. (c) Straps, shackles, and the beam or overhead structure to which a chain fall or pull-lift Is secured shall be of adequate strength to support the weight of load plus gear. The upper hook shall be moused or otherwise secured against coming free of Its support. (d) Scaffolding shall not be used as a point of attachment for lifting devices, such as tackles, chain falls, and pull-lifts unless the scaffolding is specifically de signed for that purpose. 129 F.R . 4028. M ar. 27, 1084; 29 F.R . 6089, M ay 8, 1984, as a m e n d e d a t 32 F.R . 14040, O c t. 10, 19871 1502.65 Hoisting and hauling equip m ent. (a) Derrick and crane certification: (1) Derricks and cranes which are part of, or regularly placed aboard, barges, other vessels, or on wlngwalls of floating drydocks, and are used to transfer ma terials or equipment from or to a vessel or drydock, shall be tested and certifi cated in accordance with the standards provided in Part 1505 of this chapter by persons accredited for th a t purpose. is maintained. (2) Subparagraph (1) of this para (b) Hooks. (1) The manufacturer's graph shall take effect 180 days after the recommendations shall be followed in effective date of this amendment. determining the safe working loads of (b) The moving parts of hoisting and the various sizes and types of specific hauling equipment shall be guarded. and identifiable hooks. All hooks for (c) Mobile crawler or truck cranes which no applicable manufacturer's rec ommendations are available shall be used on a vessel: (1) The maximum man tested to twice the Intended safe working ufacturer's rated safe workingloads for load before they are Initially put Into use. the various working radii of rthe boom The employer shall maintain a record and the maximum and minimum radii of the dates and results of such tests. a t which the boom may be safely used (2) Loads shall be applied to the with and without outriggers shall be con throat of the hook since loading the point spicuously posted near the controls ant 26 Title 29-- Chapter X1 shall be visible to the operator. A radius (1) Loads (tools, equipment or Indicator shall be provided. materials) shall not be swung o (2) The posted safe working loads of pended over the heads of employee mobile crawler or truck cranes under the f (j) Pieces of equipment or str conditions of use shall not be exceeded. susceptible to falling or dislodg Cd) Accessible areas within the swing shall be secured as early as possible radius of the outermost part of the body (k) An Individual who Is famllla of a revolving derrick or crane either the signal code in use shall be as permanently or temporarily mounted, to act as a signalman when the shall be guarded In such a manner as to operator cannot see the load helm prevent an employee from being In such died. Communications shall be m a position as to be struck by the crane means of clear and distinct vis or caught between the crane and fixed auditory signals except th a t verb parts of the vessel or of the crane itself. nals shall not be permitted. (e) Marine railways: Cl) The cradle (l) Pallets, when used, shall or carriage on the marine railway shall such material and construction be positively blocked or secured when In maintained as to safely suppo. the hauled position to prevent it from carry the loads being handled or being accidentally released. (m) A section of hatch througi 132 F .R . 14049, O c t. 10, 19871 materials or equipment are being 1502.66 Use of gear, lowered, moved, or otherwise manually or by a crane, winch, h (a) Loads shall be safely rigged before derrick, shall be completely openi being hoisted. beam or pontoon left In place a1 (b) Plates shall be handled on and off to an opening shall be sufficiently hulls by means of shackles whenever locked or otherwise secured to pn possible. Clips or pads of ample size from being unshipped. shall be welded to the plate to receive the (n) Hatches shall not be opt shackle pins when there are no holes in closed while employees are In the the plate. When It Is not possible to of the hatch below. make holes in or to weld pads to the plate, Co) Before loads or empty lift! alligator tongs, grab hooks, grab clamps are raised, lowered, or swung, cl< or screw clamps may be used. In such sufficient advance "'timing shall 1 cases special precautions shall be taken to employees In the vicinity c to keep employees from under such lifts, (c) Tag lines shall be provided on operations. loads likely to swing or to need guidance. (p) At no time shall an empl (d) When sUngs are secured to eye- permitted to place himself In a ha bolts, the sUngs shall be so arranged, position between a swinging loeu using spreaders if necessary, th at the fixed object pull Is within 20 degrees of the axis of [29 F.R. 4028, M u. 27, 1964; 29 F. the bolt. May 8, 1964, as amended at 82 F I (e) Slings shall be padded by means Oct. 10, 1967] of wood blocks or other suitable material 1502.67 Q ualifications o f oper where they pass over sharp edges or corners of loads so as to prevent cutting (a) When ship's gear is used or kinking. materials aboard, a competent (f) Skips shall be rigged to be han shall determine th at the gear Is i dled by not less than 3 legged bridles, and all legs shall always be used. When open end skips are used, means shall be rigged th at It Is in safe tondltl that it will not be overloaded by and weight of the lift, taken to prevent the contents from fall (b) Only those employees whc ing. stand the Blgns, notices, and o' (g) Loose ends of Idle legs of slings instructions, and are familiar i in use shall be hung on the hook. signal code in use, shall be pern (h) Employees shall not be permitted operate a crane, winch, or othe to ride the hook or the load. operated hoisting apparatus. 27 S TtHe 29-- Chapter X III (c) No employee known to have defec (d) No minor under eighteen (18) tive uncorrected eyesight or hearing, or years of age shall be employed in occu to be suffering from heart disease, epi pations involving the operation of any power-driven hoisting apparatus or as lepsy, or similar ailments which may sisting in such operations by work such suddenly incapacitate him, shall be per as hooking on, loading slings, rigging mitted to operate a crane, winch or other gear, etc. power operated hoisting apparatus. 1502.68 Tables. TABLE E -l D IM ENSION S AND SPACING OF WOOD IN D EPEN D EN T-PO LE SCAFFOLD M EM BERS Structural Members Lightduty (Uptofo2o5t)poundspersquare Height In feet 24orless 24-40 40-80 Heavy dutsyqu(2a5retofo7o5t)pounds per Height In feet 24orless 24-40 40-00 Poles or uprights (tn 2X4........... 3x4or2x6~ (14 3x4__ ... Ir l 4x 0 22xX06....................... 22x1 66._._.._.._.._.._.. 2i fi 2x6............ 2alyRr . 29YXffil. 22xx810 Stringers (not supporting 1x6........... 1x6........... 1rfl 1x6_____ 1Tfi 1x0 Pole spacing--longttudl- J x4........... 110______ l 10............ 1Tft l x0.. 1x0 Polo spacing--transversely .............. 7M.............. 7X.............. 7 Ledger spacing--vertically 7MniIn----- (IU ....... 10 . 10 (In feet)______________ 7................. T................ vx........... *X........... m TA BLE E-2 SPEC IFIC A TIO N S FO R SIDE RAILS OF LADDERS Length (In feet) Cross section (In Inches) At ends At center 16................................. 16................................. 18................................. 20................................. 24................................. 1J4I2M 154 12H 1!4U 114x3 lUx 3 1J4i 3M Mx3H lk x 4 154 x 4 lJiH H TABLE E-3 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES Structural members Height' In feet Up to 10 10 to 18 18 to M Inchtt Legs___________ 2 x 4 Bearers or headers. 2 x 6 [ 2X4 Crossbraces__. . . . 1 or l 1x8 Longitudinal braces______ 3x4 Tnchei 3x4 2x8 1 j- 3 x 4 3x8 I n c Art 4x6 4I 6 2x6 2x6 Title 2 9 -- -Chapter X III T A B L E E-4 SAFE CENTER LOADS FORSCAFFOLD PLAN E OF 1,100 PO U N D S F IB R E STR ESS Lumber dimensions In Inches Span In Feet AB AB ABAB AB 5 s 31 jS M o cX* H 3! H M 31 00 nH Mo N rHt K ce H Ms 08...................................... 215962 320392 539258 580807 080075 1102.................................. m128 186 155 321683 343030 448044 H16..._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.. 110 ---- 113136 212857 228560 330438 (A) --Rough lumber. (B) --Dressed lumber. i TABLE G-l MANILA ROPE ' ] (In pounds or tons o f 2000 pounds) Circum Diameter S in g le Leg ference in Inches | 0-- 60 Ar 1------- *" i 45 AL._. .J 30 Ai________ 3/4 1 1-1/8 1 -1 /4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2 -1 /4 2 -1 /2 2 -3 /4 3 3 -1 /4 3 -1 /2 3 -3 /4 4 4 -1 /2 5 5 -1 /2 6 6 -1 /2 1/4 5/16 3 /8 7/16 15/32 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 1 1-1/16 1 -1 /8 1-1/4 1-5/16 1 -1 /2 1 -5 /8 1 -3 /4 2 2 -1 /8 120 lb s . 200 270 350 450 530 690 880 1080 1300 1540 1800 1.0 Tins 1.2 1.35 1 .5 1.8 2 .2 5 2 .6 3 .1 3 .6 204 346 467 605 775 915 1190 1520 1870 2250 2660 3120 1.7 2.1 2 .3 2 .6 3.1 3 .9 4 .5 S.4 6 .2 lb s. Tons 170 282 380 493 635 798 973 1240 1520 1830 2170 2540 1.4 1.7 1 .9 2.1 2 .5 3 .2 3 .7 4 .4 5 .1 lb s. Tons 120 lb| 200 270 350 450 530 690 880 1080 1300 1540 1800 1 ,0 To 1 .2 1 .3 5 1 .5 1 .8 2 .2 5 2 .6 3 .1 3 .6 29 t Title 29-- Chapter XIII TABLE 0-3 BATED CAPACITIES FO E IMPROVED PLOW STEEL, INDEPENDENT W IRE ROPE CORE, WIRE ROPE AND W IRE HOPE BLINOS (In tons of 2000 pounds) Rope D ia. Inches 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1-1/8" SINGLE LEG V e rtica l A B C A .59 1 .3 2 .3 3 .6 5 .1 6 .9 9 .0 11. 6x19 CLASSIFICATION .56 1.2 2.2 3 .4 4 .9 6.6 8 .5 10. .53 1.1 2 .0 3 .0 4.2 5.5 7.2 9.0 .44 .98 1 .7 2 .7 3 .8 5.2 6 .7 8 .5 Choker B .42 .93 1.6 2 .5 3 .6 4 .9 6 .4 7 .8 C .40 .86 1 .5 2 .2 3 .1 4.1 5.4 6 .8 1-1/4" 13. 1-3/8" 16. 1-1/2" 19. 1-3/4" 26. 2" 33. 2-1/4" 41. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 12. 10. 9.9 15. 13. 12. 17. 15. 14. 24. 20. 19. 30. 26. 25. 38. 33. 31. 9 .2 11. 13. 18, 23. 29. 7 .9 9 .6 11. 15. 20. 25. (A) - S o c k e t or Swaged Term inal a tta c h m e n t. (B) - M echanical Sleeve attachment (C) - Band Tucked S p lic e attachm ent. I Tltla 29-- Chapter X III TAH1.K - 3 n,VT!:i> capacities von lCMOlrtnKo.vWr.InRHrr/KnUvPBbtHeLflaN,.aBiitDErEXDKjrr wire xorB (In tom of 3000 poundi) Repo DU. Inches 175" 3/0" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1* 1-1/8" Vertical *B 1.2 1.1 2.6 2.3 4.S 4.4 7.2 6.8 10. 9.7 14. 13. 13. 17. 23. 21. TVO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH A 60 dn 36 L ^1 C AB C A 1 *> c A BC 6x19 CLASSiriCATIOM l.o 1.0 2.3 2.3 3.9 4.0 6.0 6.2 8.4 8.9 11. 12. 14. 13. 18. 19. T57 2.1 3.B 3.9 8.4 11. IS. 19. ,92 2.0 3.4 3.2 7.3 9.8 12. 1. ,83 1.6 3.2 5.1 7,2 9.B 13. 16. .79 1.8 3.1 4.8 6.6 9.3 13. 13. .73 1.6 2.8 4.2 - 5.6 7.6 10. 13. ,59 1.3 2.3 3.6 5.1 6.9 9.0 11. .36 1.2 2.2 3.4 4.9 6.6 8, 8 10. .53 1.1 2.0 3.0 4.2 3.3 7.2 6.0 1-1/4" 28. 24. 1-3/8" 32. 29. 1-1/2" 30. 35. 1-3/4" 51, 47. 2 ` e. 61. 2-1/4" S3. 76. 6x37 CLASSJrICATIOH 21. 23. 23. 28. 30. 39 41. 44. 63* 37. 66. 72 , 21. IB, 19. 17. 25. 22. 22. 21. 30, 26, 27. 23. 41. 35. 36. 33. 33. 46. 47. 43. 66. 37. 36. 34. (A) - S o c k e t o r B w ejed T e rm in a l A tta c h m e n t, (B) - M ec h a n ic al S le e v e A tta c h m e n t, (C) - Hand T u ck ed S p lic e A tta c h m en t. Ho. fi 13. 13. 16. 16. 21. 19. 29. 26. 37. 33. 47. 61. 12. 10. IS. 13. 17. 13. 24. *0. 30. 26. 38. 33. 1 Title 29-- Chapter XIII BATED TABUS G-4 C A PA C IT IES FOR IMPROVED PLOW STEEL. FIB E R ROPE AND W IRE ROPE SU N O S (In tons of 2000 pounds) CORE, W IRE H apC SINGLE LEG Oia . Inches V e rtica l A B C Choker A B C 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 .5 5 1 .2 2 .1 3 .3 4 .8 6 .4 8 .4 10. 6x19 .5 1 1.1 2 .0 3 .1 4 .4 5.9 7 .7 9 .5 CLASSIFICATION .49 1.1 1.8 2 .8 3 .9 5.1 6 .7 8 .4 .41 .91 1.6 2 .5 3 .6 4 .8 6 .3 7 .9 .38 . .85 1 .5 2 .3 3 .3 4 .5 5 .8 7 .1 .37 .8 0 1 .4 2 .1 2 .9 3 .9 5 .0 6 .3 1-1/4 12. 1-3/8 15. 1-1/2 17. 1-3/4 24. 2 31. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 11. 9.8 9 .2 13. 12. 11. 16. 14. 13. 21. 19. 18. 28. 25. 23. 8 .3 10. 12. 16. 21. 7 .4 8 .9 10. 14. 18. <A) - S o c k e t o r Swaced T e rm in a l a t t a c h m e n t . <B) - M e c h a n ic a l S le e v e a t t a c h m e n t . (C) - Hand Tucked S p lic e attachm ent. Title 29-- Chapter XIII Rope D im . Inches 1 /4 3 /8 1/2 3 /8 3 /4 7 /8 1 1 -1/8 RATED CAPACITIES TOlt t a m ,p. a - 5 IMPROVED FLOW RTT.r.L. flN E R ( t o tf>o et SftflO p o u n d *) COTlE, W IRE n n rr. RI.1NC4 V e rtic il AD 1 .1 2 .4 4 .3 6 ,7 9 .6 13. 17, 21. 1 .0 2 .3 3 .9 6 .2 8 ,6 12. 15. 19. TSO - LEO BRIDLE OR BASKET BITCH 'A A1B. c A B c* c .98 2 .1 3 .7 3 .6 7 .8 10. 13. 17. 6x1 9 CLASSIFICATION .9 3 2 .1 3 .7 5 .8 8 .2 11. 14. 18. .8 8 1 .9 3 .4 5 .3 7 .8 10. 13. 16. .8 5 1 .8 3 .2 4 .8 6 .8 8.B 11. 14. .77 1 .7 3 .0 4 .7 6 .7 9 .1 12. 13. .73 1 .8 2 .8 4 .4 6 .a 8 .4 11. 13. . .70 1 .5 2 .6 4 .0 5 .5 7 .3 9 .4 13. 30 r* A Lc -- .3 3 1 .3 2 .1 3 .3 4 .6 6 .4 6 .4 10. .5 1 1 .1 2 .0 3 .1 4 .4 3 .9 7 .7 9.3 .4 9 1 .1 1 .8 2 .8 3.9* 3 .1 6 .7 8 .4 1 - 1 /4 as, 3 2 . 1-3/B 3 0 . 2 7 . 1 -1 /3 35. 3 a. 1-3/4 48. 43. a 63. S3, 6x 3 7 CLASSI7ICATI0K 20. 21. 24. 28. 28. 30. 38. 41. 48. S3. 19. 17. 17. 16. 23. 20. 21. 19. 27. 24. 25. 22. 37. 33. 34. 30. 48. 43. 43. 39. (A) - S o c k e t o r B vaged T .r n l n a l a tta c h m e n t. CB) - H e e h e a l c a r f l l . a v a e t t a e h m . n t , (C) - Band T ucked S p ile * e tta c h a e n t. 14. 12. a1o7 .. 15. 17. 27. 24. 33. 3 1 . 11. 9 .8 1138.. 12. 14. 31. 19. 88. 83. T a b u 0 -6 --N umber and Spaoko o r U .B olt W tu B o re Cups Improved plow steel, rope diameter. Inches N um ber of ellps Drop Other forged material Minimum spacing. Inches K ........................ 8 W........................ 3 4 $ ........................ 4 1.......................... 4 i k ....................... 5 I K ...................... 5 I K ...................... 8 1H ...................... 6 4 3 4fi 3K A g S 8 6 tM 7 7 m 8 9 Three clips shell be aged on wire site less then }* Inch diameter. 33 i Title 29-- Chapter Xfll Nominal Size Chain Stock Inch. * 1/4 5/16 3/8 * 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 TABLE G-7 WROUGHT IRON CHAIN (In pounds or tons of 2000 pounds) S in g le Leg 60 45 Tcr: ' n A1 ___ 1 1060 1655 2385 3250 2 .1 2 .7 3 .3 4 .8 6*5 8 .5 10.0 12.4 1 5 .0 17.8 20.9 24.2 2 7 .6 3 1 .0 1835 2865 2.1 2 .8 3 .7 4 .6 5.7 S.3 11.2 14.7 17.3 21.4 25.9 30.8 36.2 42.0 47.9 54.8 1500 2340 3370 2.3 3 .0 3.8 4.7 6.7 9.2 12.0 14.2 17.5 21.1 25.2 ' 29.5 34.3 39.1 44.8 30 1-------------- 1 1060 1655 2385 3250 2 .1 2.7 ` 3*3 4 .8 6 .5 8 .5 10.0 12.4 15.0 17,8 20.9 24.2 27.0 31.0 * These s i z e s o f wrought iron chain are no longer manufactured in the United S ta tes, 34 lin e 47' vnupier a im TABLE G-8 ALLOT STEEL CHAIN (In to n s o f 2000 pounds) X on in al S iz e Cbaln Stock Inch. S in g le Leg ?( i 60 Ai i 45 Ai i 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1.62 3 .3 0 5.62 8.25 11*5 14,3 19.3 22.2 28.7 33.5 39.7 42.5 47.0 2.82 5.70 9.75 14.25 19.9 24.9 33.5 38,5 49.7 58.0 68.5 73.5 81.5 2.27 4.65 7.90 11.65 16.2 20.3 27.3 31.5 40.5 47.0 56.0 59.5 62.0 30 1 .6 2 3 .3 0 5.62 8 .2 5 1 1 .5 1 4 .3 1 9 .8 2 2 .2 2 8 .7 3 3 .5 3 9 .7 4 2 .5 4 7 .0 ) 35 Title 29-- Chapter Alll M A X IM U M t a b le a-9 ALLOWABLE WEAK p o i n t ""OF L IN K AT ANY Chain site in inches Maximum allowable wear in frac tion of Inches ________ _________ _______ .................................................... ^M.....................-..........................-............................................................... I J . ................................................ ....... i ................ ... .......... ....................... ............. ........................................ iVi ....................................................................................... iv * ......................... ............................ $ 1 ................................... ................. )4 Hi U* Hi Hi y< Hi Me t a b l e a-io SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES [In tons of 2000 pounds] Material size (inches) Fin diameter (inches) Safe working load M............................... ! L - ......................... )4 )4.......- .................... A H......-....................... 1 X................................ 1H 1H-- ......................... 1)4 -H............................. 1)4 1)4............................- m 1H.............................. 1)4 1)4.............................. 2 2................................ 2V4 1.4 2.2 3.2 4.3 5.6 8.7 8-2 10.0 11.9 16.2 21.2 TABLE 1-1 FILTER LENSES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIANT ENERGY Operation Shade No. Soldering______________ ____________ Torch Braring........................... Light cutting, up to 1Inch............. Medium cutting, 1-6Inches........... Heavy cutting, over 6Inches----------Light gas welding, up to )4 Inch____ Medium gas welding, V4-)4 Inch____ Heavy gas welding, over H Inch____ Shielded Metal-Arc Welding He- to Ha-lnch electrodes Inert-gas Metal Arc Welding (Non- ferrous) H- to Hs->nch electrodes. Inert-gas Metal-Arc Welding (Fer rous) M- to Mr-inch electrodes. Shielded Metal-Arc Welding; )4- to H-lncb electrodes........... M - and )4-inch electrodes______ Atomic Hydrogen Welding------------Carbon Arc Welding..................... 2 3 or 4 3 or 4 4 or 5 Jor 6 4 or 3 6 or 6 6 or 8 10 11 12 12 14 10 to 14 14 [26 F.R. 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F R . 6089, M ay 8, 1964. aa a m e n d e d a t 32 F R . 14060, O ct. 10. 1967] Subpart H-- Tools and Related Equipment 1502.71 General precautions. (a) Hand lines, slings, tackles of ade quate strength, or carriers such as tool bags with shoulder straps, shall be pro vided and used to handle tools, materials, and equipment so that employees will have their hands free when using ship's ladders and access ladders. The use of hose or electric cords for this purpose Is prohibited. (b) When air tools of the recipro cating type are not In use, the discs and tools shall be removed. (c) All portable, power-driven circular saws shall be equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the mini mum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool Is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to the covering position. (d) The moving parts of machinery on dry docks shall be guarded. (e) Before use. pneumatic tools shall be secured to the extension hose or whip by some positive nleans to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally discon nected from the whip. , (f) The moving parts of drive mecha nisms, such as gearing and belting on large portable tools, shall be adequately guarded. (g) Headers, manifolds, and widely spaced hose connections on compressed air lines shall bear the word "air" in letters at least 1 inch high, which shall be painted either on the manifold or separate hose connections, or on signs permanently attached to the manifolds or connections. Grouped air connections may be marked in one location. (h) Before use, compressed air hose shall be examined. Visibly damaged and unsafe hose shall not be used. [20 F .R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F .R . 6089, May 8, 1904, a s a m e n d e d a t 32 F J t . 14060, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502.72 Portable electric tools, j (a) The frames of portable electric tools and appliances, except double In sulated tools approved by Underwriters' Laboratories, shall be grounded either 36 THIe 29-- Chapter XIII through a third wire In the cable con taining the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which is grounded a t the source of the current. (b) Grounding circuits, other than by ' means of the structure of the vessel on which the tool is being used, shall be checked to ensure th at the circuit be tween the ground and the grounded power conductor has resistance which Is low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current. (c) Portable electric tools which are held in the hand shall be equipped with switches of a type which must be m an ually held In the closed position. (d) Worn or frayed electric cables shall not be used. [29 FJt. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 P S . 6089, May 8, 1964, as amended a t 32 PS . 14050, Oct. 10,1967] 1502-73 H and tools. (a) Employers shall not Issue or per mit the use of unsafe hand tools. (b) Wrenches, including crescent, pipe, end and socket wrenches, shall not be used when laws are sprung to the point th a t slippage occurs. (c) Im pact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads. (d) The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight m th e tool. 1502.74 Abrasive wheels. (a) Floor stand and bench mounted abrasive wheels used for external grind ing shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods). The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides shall be not more th an 90 degrees, except th a t when work requires contact with the wheel below the horizontal plane of the Bplndle, the angular exposure shall not exceed 125 degrees. In either case the exposure shall begin not more th a n 65 c'egrees above the horizontal plane of the Spindle. Safety guards shall be strong enough to withstand the effect of a bursting wheel, (b) Floor and bench mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported and readily adjust able. Such work rests shall be kept a distance not to exceed ya Inch from the ' surface of the wheel. (c) Cup type wheels used for external grinding shall be protei/ed by either a revolving cup guard or a band gu in accordance with the provisions of United States of America Stand Safety Code for the Use, Care, and F tection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1. other portable abrasive wheels used external grinding shall be provided v safety guards (protection hoods) meet the requirements of paragraph (e) this section, except as follows.: (1) When the work location make Impossible, in which case a wl equipped with safety flanges as deserf In paragraph (f) of this section shal used. (2) When wheels 2 Inches or lesi diameter which are securely mounted the end of a steel mandrel are used. (d> Portable abrasive wheels used internal grinding shall be provided v safety flanges (protection flanges) mi ing the requirements of paragraph of this section, except as follows: (1) When wheels 2 Inches or les: diameter which are securely mounted the end of a steel mandrel are used. (2) If the wheel Is entirely within work being ground while In use. (e) When safety guards are requi they shall be so mounted as to malnl proper alignment with the wheel, the guard and its fastenings shall bi sufficient strength to retain fragment the wheel in case of accidental breaki The maximum angular exposure of grinding wheel periphery and sides s not exceed 180 degrees. (f) When safety flanges are requi they shall be used only with wh designed to fit the flanges. Only sa flanges of a type and design and prop assembled so as to Insure th at the pi of the wheel will be retained In cas accidental breakage shall be used. (g) All abrasive wheels shall be clc inspected and ring tested before moi lng to ensure that they are free f cracks or defects. (h) Grinding wheels shall fit fi on the 6pindle and shall not be fo on. The spindle nut shall be tight* only enough to hold the wheel In p' (1) The power supply shall be fletent to maintain the rated spi speed under all conditions of no: grinding. The rated maximum spec the wheel shall not be exceeded. (j) All employees u s i n g abn wheels shall be protected by eye prt tlon equipment In accordance with requirements of S 1502.81 (a) and except when adequate eye pro,tectlc 17 t Title 29-- Chapter Xlll afforded by eye shields which are perma nently attached to the bench or floor stand. (29 F.R . 4028, M ai. 27, 1064; 29 F.R . 6089, May 8, 1964, a s a m e n d e d a t 32 F .R . 14060, O ct. 10, 1967] 1502.75 P o w d e r actuated fastening tools. (a) General-precautions. (1) Powder actuated fastening tools shall be tested each day before loading to ensure that the safety devices are in proper working condition. Any tool found not to be in proper working order shall be immedi ately removed from service until repairs are made. (2) Powder actuated fastening tools shall not be used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere. (3) All tools shall be used with the type of shield or muzzle guard appro priate for a particular use. (4) Fasteners shall not be driven Into very hard or brittle materials, such a3 cast iron, glazed tile, surface hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick or hollow tile. (5) Fasteners shall not be driven Into soft materials unless such materials are backed by a substance th a t will prevent the pin or fastener from passing com pletely through and creating a flying missile hazard on the opposite side. (6) Unless a special guard, fixture or Jig is used, fasteners shall not be driven directly Into materials such as brick or concrete within 3 Inches of the unsup ported edge or corner, or Into steel sur faces within */2 Inch of the unsupported edge or corner. When fastening other material, such as 2 x 4 Inch lumber to a concrete surface, fasteners of greater than %2-inch shank diameter shall not be used and fasteners shall not be driven within 2 inches of the unsupported edge or corner of the work surface. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven through existing holes unless a positive guide Is used to secure accurate align ment. (8) No attempt shall be made to drive a fastener into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening.. (9> Employees using powder actuated fastening tools shall be protected by eye protection equipment in accordance with the requirements of { 1502.81 (a) and (b). (b) Instruction of operators. Before employees are permitted to use powder actuated fastening tools, they shall have been thoroughly Instructed by a com petent person with respect to the require ments of paragraph (a) of this section and the safe use of such tools as follows; (1) Before using a tool, the operator shall Inspect it to determine that it is clean, that all moving parts operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions. (2) When a tool develops a defect dur ing use, the operator shall Immediately cease to use it and shall notify his super visor. (3) Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing time and the tool shall not be left unattended while loaded. (4) The tool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be pointed at any person, and hands shall be kept clear of the open barrel end. (5) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool In the operating posi tion for at least 15 seconds and shall con tinue to hold the muzzle against the work surface during disassembly or opening of the tool and removal of the powder load. (6) Neither tools nor powder charges shall be left unattended In places where they would be available to unauthorized persons. 1502.76 Internal com bustion engines, other th an ship's equ ip m en t. (a) When internal combustion en gines, furnished by the employer are used In a fixed position below decks, for such purposes as driving pumps, genera tors, and blowers, the exhaust shall be led to the open air, clear of any ventila tion intakes and openings through which it might enter the vessel. tb) All exhaust line joints and connec tions shall be checked for tightness Im mediately upon starting the engine, and any leaks shall be corrected at once. (c) When Internal combustion engines on vehicles, such as forklifts and mobile cranes, or on portable equipment such as fans, generators, and pumps exhaust into the atmosphere below -decks, the com petent person shall make tests of the carbon monoxide content of the atmos phere as frequently as conditions require to insure that dangerous concentrations do not develop. Employees shall) be re moved from the compartment Involved when the carbon monoxide concentra tion exceeds 50 parts per million (0.005%). The employer shall use blowers sufficient In size and number and so ar ranged as to maintain the concentration Title 29-- Chapter Xlll below this allowable limit before work is resumed. [32 F.R. 14050, O ct. 10, 1987] Subpart I-- Personal Protective , Equipment fc'jVJ equal the value shown in 'iiujle 1 9 1502.68. [29 P i t . 4028, M a r. 27, 1084; 28 F-R May 8, 1964, a s a m e n d e d a t 32 F-R. Oct. 10, 1987] 1502.82 R espiratory protection. 1502.81 Eye protection. ta) General precautions. (1) All eye protection equipment required by these regulations shall meet the specifications prescribed by the American Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye and Respira tory Protection, Z2.1. (2) Eye protection equipment shall be maintained in good condition. (3) Eye protection equipment which has previously been used shall be cleaned and disinfected before it is issued by the employer to another employee. C4) Employees who wear corrective spectacles while engaged in eye hazard ous work shall be protected by eye pro tection equipment of a type which can be worn over personal spectacles, except that glasses with prescription .ground safety lenses may be worn in lieu of cover goggles when such glasses provide suitable protection against the hazard involved. (b) Protection against impact. (1) In any operations such as chipping, caulking, drilling, riveting, grinding, and pouring babbitt metal, in which the eye hazard of flying particles, molten metal, or liquid chemical exists, employees shall be protected by suitable face shields or goggles meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Protection against radiant energy. (1) In any operation in which the eye hazard of injurious light rays or other radiant energy exists, depending upon the intensity of the radiation to which employees are exposed, they shall be pro tected by spectacles, cup goggles, hel mets, hand shields, or face shields equipped with filter lenses meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) and <c) (2) of this section. (2) Filter lenses shall be of a shade number appropriate to the type of work to be performed as indicated in Table 1-1 in 5 1502.68 except that variations of one or two shade numbers are permis sible to suit Individual preferences. (3) If filter lenses are used in the goggles worn under the helmet, the shade number of the lens in the helmet may be reduced so that the sum of the shade numbers of the two lenses will () General. (1) All respirator; tective equipment required by these lations shall carry the TJ.S. Bure Mines approval for the use for wl is intended. Respiratory pro) equipment shall be used only for th pose intended and no modifications equipment shallbemade. (2) Respiratory protective equi shall be Inspected regularly and tained in good condition. Gas mas isters and chemical cartridges sh replaced as necessary so as to p complete protection. Mechanical shall be cleaned or replaced as nec so as to avoid undue reststan breathing. (3) Respiratory protective equi which has been previously used si cleaned and disinfected before it is by the employer to another emt Emergency rescue equipment sh cleaned and disinfected' imme( after each use. (41 Employees required to use ratory protective equipment approi use in atmospheres immediately di ous to life shall be thoroughly trai its use. Employees required to use types of respiratory protective ment shall be instructed in the u limitations of such equipment. (5) When an air line respire used, the air line shall he fitted ' pressure regulating valve and a which will remove oil, water, an particles. The air intake shall bi a source which is free from all coi nants, such as the exhaust from lr combustion engines. () In all cases, when an empl' stationed outside a compartment or space as a tender or safety m men working inside in an atmo Immediately dangerous to life, the shall have Immediately avallab emergency use replratory pro equipment equivalent to th a t re for the men in the compartment, a tender Is stationed outside a coi ment for men working inside in mosphere not immediately dangei life, the tender shall wear respl protective equipment equivalent t required for the men in the coi Title 29-- Chapter XIII ment If he Is exposed for prolonged fort and possible injury after a prolonged periods to the same concentration of at single exposure or repeated short ex mospheric contaminants. posures. (b) Protection in atmospheres immedi (2) When employees are exposed to ately dangerous to We. (1) Atmospheres a gaseous contaminated atmosphere not immediately dangerous to life are those immediately dangerous to life, they shall which contain less than 16.5 percent oxy be protected by respiratory protective gen, or which by reason of the high equipment approved for use in the type toxicity of the contaminant, as in fumi and concentration of the gaseous con gation, or high concentration of the con- taminant as follows: taminant, as with carbon dioxide, would Cl) In high or unknown concentra endanger the life of a person breathing tions, a hose mask or an air line respi them for even a short period of time. rator. The use of either a hose mask or (2) In atmospheres immediately dan an air line respirator In lower concen gerous to life the only approved types trations is permissible. of respiratory protective equipment are (il) In concentration of ammonia the following: of less than 3 percent, or of other gases (1) Self-contained breathing appa less than 2 percent, by volume, a canister ratus, in which the wearer carries with type gas mask equipped with the proper him a supply of oxygen, air, or an oxy type of canister. Different canisters are gen generating material. approved for specific use against the (il) Hose mask with blower, in which a following gases or groups of gases: acid hand or motor operated blower supplies gases, hydrocyanic acid gas, chlorine gas, air at high volume and low pressure organic vapors, ammonia gas, carbon through a large diameter hose through monoxide, or combination of the above. which the wearer can draw air in case (Ill) In low concentrations (less, than the blower fails. 0.1 percent by volume), a chemical car (iii) If there is known to be more than tridge respirator equipped with the type 16 percent oxygen and less than 2 per of cartridge approved for use against the cent gas by volume, a gas mask equipped particular gases or groups of gases listed with a canister approved for the par in subdivision (11) of this subparagraph. ticular type gas involved. (d) Protection against particulate Note: A gas maslc offers absolutely no pro contaminants not immediately danger tection in an atmosphere deficient In oxygen. ous to life, (l) When employees are (3) Work in atmospheres immediately exposed to unsafe concentrations of par ticulate contaminants, such as dusts and dangerous to life shall be performed only fumes, mists and fogs or combinations of in an, emergency, as when rescuing a solids and liquids, they shall be pro man who has been overcome or when tected by either air line or filter respi shutting off a source of contamination rators, except as otherwise provided in that cannot otherwise be controlled. the regulations of this part. When an employee enters such an (2) Filter respirators shall be equip atmosphere he shall be provided with ped with the proper type of filter. Dif and use an adequate, attended life line. ferent filters are approved for specific (4) In the vicinity of each vessel in protection against groups of contami which there is a danger of employees nants, as follows: being exposed to an atmosphere imme (1) Pneumoconiosis-producing dust diately dangerous to life the employer shall have on hand and ready for use and nuisance dust filters which provide respiratory protective equipment ap respiratory protection against pneu proved for such use. When such equip moconiosis-producing dusts, such as ment is required, one or more persons aluminum, cellulose, cement, charcoal, shall be thoroughly trained in the use coal, coke, flour, gypsum, iron ore, lime of the equipment. stone and wood. (c) Protection against gaseous con (il) Toxic dust filters which provide taminants not immediately dangerous respiratory protection against toxic dusts to li/e. (1) Gaseous contaminants not that are not significantly more toxic Immediately dangerous to life are gases than lead, such as arsenic, cadmium, present in concentrations th at could be chromium, lead, manganese, selenium, breathed for a short period without en vanadium, and their compounds. dangering the life of a person breathing (ill) Mist filters which provide respira them, but which might produce discom tory protection against pneumoconiosis- 40 Title 29-- Chapter XIII producing mists, chromic acid mists, and disinfected before they are lssifed by nuisance mists. employer to another employee. (iv) Fume filters which provide respi (d) The employer shall arri ratory protection against fumes (solid through means, such as vendors or ] dispersoids or particulate matter formed stores, or otherwise, to make safety s', by the condensation of vapors, such as readily available to all employees, those from heated metals and other sub shall encourage their use. Metal stances) . caps from which the covering has 1 (v) Filters which provide respiratory worn shall be insulated when emplo protection against combinations of two are working on exposed energized or more of the contaminants described cults of the vessel's electrical system. In subdivisions (1) through (lv) of this (e) Employees shall not be permj subparagraph. to wear excessively greasy clothing v (e) Protection against combinations performing hot work operations. 0/ gaseous and particulate contaminants (f) Employees shall be protectee not immediately dangerous to life. (1) suitable gloves when engaged in op When employees are exposed to com tions hazardous to their hands. binations of gaseous and particulate con [29 F.R. 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F!R. I taminants not immediately dangerous to M ay 8, 1964, as am en d ed a t 32 F.R. 1' life, as In spray painting, they shall be O ct. 10, 1967] protected by respiratory protective equipment approved for use in the type and concentration of the contaminants, as follows: (1) In high or unknown concentra tions, a hose mask or an air line respira tor. The use of either a hose mask or an air line respirator is permissible In lower concentrations. (ii) In concentrations of gaseous con taminants of less than 2 percent by volume, a canister type gas mask with a combination canister approved for the particular type of gaseous contaminant as specified in paragraph (c) (2) of this section and a filter for the particular type of particulate contaminant as specified In paragraph (d) (1> of this section. (ill) In low concentrations of gaseous contaminants (less than 0.1 percent by volume) a respirator equipped with the type of cartridge and filter as specified in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph, 1502.83 Head, foot and body protec tion. 1502.84 Lifesaving equipment. (a) Buoyant work vests. (1) Buoy work vests shall not meet the requ ments of these regulations unless proved by the U.S. Coast Guard. (2) Prior to each use, buoyant v vests shall be Inspected for dry chemical damage, or other defects wl may affect their strength and buoyai Defective buoyant work, vests shall be used. (b) Safety belts and lifelines. Safety belts shall be equipped with 1 lines which In use are secured wit! minimum of slack to a fixed structure (2) Prior to each use, belts and 1 lines shall be inspected for dry chemical damage, or other defects wl may ` affect their strength. Defec belts and lifelines shall not be usee (3) When employees are working any location requiring a safety belt i a lifeline, care shall be exercised to sure that the lifeline is not cut, plncl (a) When employees are working In or led over a sharp edge. In hot w areas where there is danger of falling operations or those involving the use objects they shall be protected by pro acids, solvents, or caustics, the line si tective hats. (b) Protective hats shall meet the specifications contained In the United States of America Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Pro tection, Z2.1. Hats without dielectric strength shall not be used where there Is the possibility of contact with electric1 conductors. (c) Protective hats which have been previously worn shall be cleaned and be kept clear to avoid its being bun or weakened. In order to keep the li line continuously attached with a mi mum of slack to a fixed structure attachment point of the lifeline shall appropriately changed as the work, p gresses. (c) Life rings and ladders, (l) least three 30-lnch Coast Guard appro' life rings with lines attached shall kept in easily visible and readily acce; A~\ Title 29-- Chapter XIII ble places aboard each vessel afloat on which work is being performed. Life rings shall be located, one forward, one aft, and one on the gangway, except on vessels under 200 feet In length. In which ease one at the gangway will be sufficient. (2) At least one life ring with a line attached shall be located on each staging float alongside a vessel on which work Is being performed. (3) At least 90 feet of line shall be attached to each life ring. Life rings and lines shall be maintained in good condition. (4) In the vicinity of each vessel afloat on which work Is being performed there shall be at least one portable or perma nent ladder of sufficient length to assist employees to reach safety In the event that they fall into the water. [29 F.R. 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F.R . 6089, May 8, 1964, a s a m e n d e d a t 32 F J J . 14050, Oct. 10, 1967] Subpart J-- Ship's Machinery and Piping Systems 1502.91 Ship's boilers. (a) Before work Is performed In the Are, steam, or water spaces of a boiler where employees may be subject to in jury from the direct escape of a high temperature medium, such as steam, or water, oil, or other medium at a high temperature entering from an Intercon necting system, the employer shall Insure that the following steps are taken: (1) The isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged indicating that em ployees are working in the boiler. This tag shall not be removed nor the valves unbianked until it Is determined that this may be done without creating a haz ard to the employees working In the boiler, or until the work In the boiler Is completed. Where valves are welded in stead of bolted a t least tw isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be, secured,locked, and tagged. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting sys tems shall be opened for visual observa tion of drainage. (3) A warning sign calling attention to the fact that employees are working in the boilers shall be hung in a conspic uous location In the engine room. This sign shall not be removed untfl it is determined that the work Is completed and all employees are out of the boilers. 129 F.R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F .R . 6089, May 8, 1964, as a m e n d e d at 32 F .R . 14051, O ct. 10, 1967J 1502.92 Ship's piping systems. (a) Before work is performed on a valve, fitting, or section of piping In a piping system where employees may be subject to Injury from the direct escape of steam, or water, oil, or other medium at a high temperature, the employer shall Insure that the following steps are taken: (1) The isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead system with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged Indicating that em ployees are working on the system. This tag shall not be removed nor the valves unbianked until it Is determined that this may be done without creating a hazard to the employees working on the system, or until the work on the system is completed. Where valves are welded instead of bolted a t least two isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead system with the live system or systems shall be secured, locked, and tagged. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead Interconnecting systems shall be opened for visual observation of drainage. [32 F R . X4051, May 10, 1967] 1502.93 Ship's propulsion machinery* (a) Before work Is performed on the main engine, reduction gear, or con necting accessories, the employer shall ensure that the following steps are taken: (1) The jacking gear shall be en gaged to prevent the main engine from turning over, A sign shall be posted at the throttle Indicating that the jacking gear is engaged. This sign shall not be removed until the jacking gear can be safely disengaged. (2) If the jacking gear is steam driv en, the stop valves to the Jacking gear shall be secured, locked, and tagged Indicating that employees are working on the main engine. (3) If the jacking gear Is electrically driven, the circuit controlling the jack ing gear shall be deenergized by tripping the circuit breaker, opening the switch or removing the fuse, whichever Is ap propriate. The breaker, switch, or fuse location shall be tagged Indicating that Title 29-- Chapter XIII employees are working on the main engine. (b) Before the Jacking engine is op erated, the following precautions shall betaken: (1) A check shall be made to ensure that all employees, equipment, and tools are clear of the engine, reduction gear, and Its connecting accessories. (2) A check shall be made to ensure that all employees, equipment and tools are free of the propeller. Cc) Before work is started on or in the Immediate vicinity of the propeller, a warning sign calling attention to the fact that employees are working in th at area shall be hung in a conspicuous location in the engine room. This sign shall not be removed until it is determined that the work is completed and all employees (b) Portable, unflred pressure ves; not built to the code requirements paragraph (a) of this section, and b prior to the effective date of this regi tlon, shall be examined quarterly b competent person. They shall be s jected yearly to a hydrostatic press test of one and one-half times the wc ing pressure of the vessels. (c) The relief valves on the porta unflred pressure vessels In paragra (a) and (b) of this section shall be to the safe working pressure of the i sels, or set to the lowest safe work pressure of the systems, whichevei lower. (d) A record of such examinations i tests made In compliance with the qutrements of paragraphs (a) and of this section shall be maintained. are free of the propeller. 1502.102 Drum s and containers. (d) Before the main engine is turned over (e.g., when warming up before de (a) Shipping drums and contain parture or testing after an overhaul) a shall not be pressurized to remove tl check shall be made to ensure th at all contents. employees, equipment, and tools are free (b) A temporarily assembled pi of the propeller. surized piping system conveying haza ous liquids or gases shall be provic 1502.94 Ship's deck m achinery. with a relief valve and by-pass to p (a) Before work is performed on the vent rupture of the system and the esci anchor windlass or any of its attached of such hazardous liquids or gases. accessories, the employer shall ensure (c) Pressure vessels, drums and ci that the following steps are taken: tainers containing toxic or flamma (1) The devil claws shall be made fast liquids or gases shall not be stored to the anchor chains. used where they are subject to oi (2) The riding pawls shall be In the flame, hot metal, or other sources of ai engaged position. flcial heat. (3) In the absence of devil claws and (d) Unless pressure vessels, drums s riding pawls, the anchor chains shall be containers of 30-gallon capacity or o secured to a suitable fixed structure of containing flammable or toxic liquids the vessel. gases are placed In an out-of-the-v Subpart K-- Portable, Unfired Pressure area where they will not be subject Vessels, Drums, and Containers, physical injury from an outside soui Other Than Ship's Equipment barriers or guards shall be erected to p tect them from such physical Injury. 1502.101 P ortable air receivers and (e) Containers of 55 gallon^ or m other unfired pressure vessels. capacity containing flammable or to (a) Portable, unflred pressure vessels, liquid shall be surrounded by dikes built after the effective date of this regu pans which enclose a volume equal to lation, shall be marked and reported least 25 percent of the total volume indicating th at they have been designed the containers. and constructed to meet the standards (f) Fire extinguishers adequate of the American Society of Mechanical number and suitable for the hazard sh Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel be provided. These extinguishers sh Code, Section V in, Rules for Construc be located in the immediate area wb tion of Unflred Pressure Vessels, 1963. pressure vessels, drums, and contain They shall be subjected to a hydrostatic ` containing flammable liquids or gases i pressure test of one and one-half times stored or in use. Such extinguish the working pressure of the vessels. shall be ready for use at all times. 43 Title 29-- Chapter X Subparf L-- Electrical Machinery lo02.H l Electrical circuits and dis tribution boards- (a) Before an employee is permitted to work on an electrical circuit, except when the circuit must remain energized lor testing and adjusting, the circuit shall be deenergized and checked at the point at which the work is to be done to insure that it is actually deenergized. When testing or adjusting an energized circuit, a rubber mat, duck board, or other suit able Insulation shall be used underfoot where an insulated deck does not exist. (b) Deenergizing the circuit shall be accomplished by opening the circuit breaker, opening the switch, or remov ing the fuse, whichever method is ap propriate. The circuit breaker, switch, or fuse location shall be tagged to in dicate that an employee is working on the circuit. Such tags shall not be re moved nor the circuit energized until it is definitely determined that the work on the circuit has been completed. (c) When work is performed immedi ately adjacent to an open-front energized board or in back of an energized board, the board shall be covered or some other equally safe means shall be used to pre vent contact with any of the energized parts. I.1 VC* s I