Document 6BjwGjB8vVjDYw5kwYoZbMdY4

the DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 1803 Building Midland, Michigan 48674 Telecopy Number 5171636-1875 Telex: HESCT TELECOPY TRANSMITTAL SHEET Date 5" - To: Y)ou/-A Pf'e.-zna.n Company Name: Telecopy Phone Number: L{0 3 - ^3% "' C? ~7 FromicJ Q> ^ I&lJJ Phone: 7 7 -- 6^ - o?~)l ? Number of Pages: (including this page) commeius : ( hi 5 UJi L( 6- cSWm4 parts , R&S 152884 Material sent by: SbeF"fen r *. 8 etcc/^ Phone: 513^ L 3U -- 7 ^ ^ NOTE: The information contained in this facsimile message is confidential business or technical data and is the property of The Dow Chemical Company. It is intended for receipt only by the addresseefs) listed above. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution, or the taking of any action in reliance on the* contents of this information is strictly prohibited. If you have received this facsimile in error, please immediately notify us by telephone to arrange for return of. the original document to us. If you do not receive all material being transmitted, please call the sender listed above. Equipment used by sender: Omnifax COTT/Group 2 (Automatic) G36D Updated 8/89 curron CONFIDENTIAL. REGISTER OF CASES OF ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE LIVER (ASL) Review date : October 1993 Collated by : Dr F. Drion MD * AFME - ASSOCIATION OF PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4/3 B-1160 BRUXELLES Belgium tel. + 32 (2) 675 32 97 fax. + 32 (2) 675 39 35 R&S152885 A. INTRODUCTION During the late fifties, some lesions such as acro-osteolysis or Raynaud's syndrome, were observed among workers in PVC producing plants, especially autoclave-cleaners (7). In 1970, P.L. Viola reported the result of his research on the mechanisms of acroosteolysis in experimental animals, (1-2). Surprisingly, rats exposed by inhalation to 30.000 ppm VCM presented tumours of various organs after 10 months of exposure. A group of PVC producers (ICI, Montedison, Rhone-Poulenc and Solvay), alarmed by Dr Viola's report, entrusted to Prof. C. Maltoni a study about the carcinogenicity of VCM, in laboratory rodents. In 1974, he published his results, showing evidence of a doserelated incidence of tumours, especially of angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) (3). Simultaneously, Creech and Johnson reported three cases of ASL among workers of a PVC plant in USA (4). It was then recognised that ASL was likely to be caused by inhalation of VCM at high levels of concentrations over long periods. ASL is a very rare form of cancer whose annual incidence in the general population is reported to be in the order of 0.25 per million. According to W. Freiesleben, "these findings initiated an urgent and dramatic worldwide revision of measures for protecting the health of people exposed to VCM. The PVC producing industry changed radically the technology to lower exposure levels" (5). A.W. Barnes, cited by W. Freiesleben, reports the weekly-average of VCM concentration (in ppm VCM in air) in the atmosphere of several polymerisation plants: 25 ppm in mid 74, 13 in late 74, 5 in Spring 75 (6). At that time, the Vinyl Industry took the decision to maintain a register of the ASL cases linked to VCM, those cases being voluntarily reported by the producing companies, in order to assess the impact of those changes of technology on the occurrence of the ASL cases. Dr J. Stafford (ICI) took the responsibility of that Register until 1987. Dr B. Bennett (ICI) succeeded him until 1990 and Dr J. Drumwright (Vista) ensured the keeping of the Register until 1992. So far, 173 ASL cases have been recorded in Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australia. There has been no case of ASL recorded in any worker first exposed since the reduction of VCM concentration in the atmosphere, in the mid-seventies. Since the average latency period is about 23 years, a few more cases can be expected during the next years. But it may be hoped that, in the near future, the ASL linked to VCM will become an illness of the past, at least in the plants where the VCM exposure has been drastically reduced. R&S 152886 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. VIOLA, P.L., Pathology of vinyl chloride. Med. Lav. 1970, 61: 174 2. VIOLA, P.L., et al. Oncogenic response of rat skin, lungs and bones to vinyl chloride. Cancer Res. 1971, 31: 516-522 3. MALTONI, C. et al. Vinyl chloride carcinogenesis: current results and perspectives. Med. Lav. 1974, 65: 421 4. CREECH, J.L. & JOHNSON, M.N., Angiosarcoma of the liver in the manufacture of PVC. J. Occup. Med. 1974, 16: 150-151 5. FREIESLEBEN, W., International Seminar organised by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology. Paris. May 10th 1993. 6. BARNES, A.W., Vinyl Chloride and the production of PVC. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 1976, 69: 277-281. 7. CORDIER, J.M. et al. Acro-osteolyse et lesions cutanees associees chez deux ouvriers affectds au nettoyage d'autoclaves. Cah. Med. Trav. 1996, 4: 3-39 R&S 152887 PREFACE In September 1992, Dr J.R. Drumwright, who was in charge of the ASL Register, retired from Vista Chemical, USA. The keeping of the ASL Register was then entrusted to the Medical Working Group of the Vinyl Committee of the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe (APME) in Brussels, Belgium, who passed on the responsibility to me. 1. WHAT IS NEW IN THIS ISSUE OF THE REGISTER? Substantial changes have been brought to the presentation of the Register. A new software has allowed to produce graphs, making the various data more readable. ISO code which is internationally recognized, has been chosen for the identification of the countries. The issue of the confidentiality of the medical data has been raised regularly. In order to answer to that legitimate concern, it has been decided, first, to give a code number to the various plants, secondly, to edit two registers. One register, intended for the management, will contain tables and graphs. The second register, which will be sent only to the medical officers, will include also medical data and plants codes. From now on, a yearly update will be edited, depending on the occurrence of new cases. 2. WHAT ABOUT THE ASL CASES? Concerning the ASL cases, it is confirmed that two cases are still alive: US33 (date of diagnosis, 1982) and US36 (date of diagnosis, 1983). The cases FR15 and FR18, which were alive in 1991, died in the meantime. Twelve new cases have been reported since the last edition. US48 was diagnosed in 1991 and died in 1992. GB18, GB19, GB20, GB21 were diagnosed and died in 1992. The other cases DE41, DE42, DE43, US44, US45, US46, US47 occurred in previous years. It has to be precised that the diagnosis of ASL of the two US cases which were under review in 1991, has not been confirmed. All in all, the ASL Register includes 181 files. Along the years, eight cases have been deleted for various reasons (dubious diagnosis, lack of proof of the link to VCM ...): DE14, DE26, IT1, GB2, US14, US15, US24, US25. Therefore, 173 ASL cases, histologically confirmed, are reported in this 1993 edition of the ASL Register. 3. WHAT DO YOU NEED TO REMEMBER? To make the reading of the medical data and tables more understandable, two points have to be defined: R&S152888 4. Latency period means, in this context, the number of years from 1st exposure to diagnosis. Dates are indicated by day /month/ year. When dates are given in the medical data but day and/or month are unknown, it has been decided to write 15 for the day and 6 for the month. 4. HOW CAN YOU CONTRIBUTE TO THE REGISTER? Finally, may I request that each recipient of the Register continues to keep me informed of any earlier or new cases, factory data, close-up date, change of owner etc... A blank data sheet is enclosed to assist you in reporting the appropriate information. I would also appreciate to receive any relevant information about changes of addresses, retirements etc... for the Register mailing list. I would like to thank all the persons, medical officers or managers, who have contributed to the up-date of that edition of the ASL Register by providing the appropriate information. Thanks to their help, the Register can thereafter be considered as a useful and reliable tool. From: F. Drion M.D. APME Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4 Box 3 1160 BRUSSELS Belgium Tel: (32-2) 675 32 97 Fax: (32-2) 675 39 35 R&S152889 5. Table of Contents Introduction Preface Table of Contents Blank Data Sheet Distribution of ASL cases by year of diagnosis (Table 1) ASL cases by year of diagnosis (Fig. 1) Distribution of ASL cases by region (Table 2) ASL cases by year of diagnosis for North America and Western Europe (Fig. 2) Distribution of ASL cases by countries(Table 3) Distribution of ASL cases in plants with 3 or more cases (Table 4) Distribution of latency periods (Table 5) ASL case numbers by year of diagnosis and geographical location (Table 6) ASL case numbers by year of first exposure and geographical location (Table 7) Latency period of ASL cases tabulated by year of first exposure for plants with 10 or more cases (Table 8) Latency period of ASL cases for all countries (Fig. 3) Latency period of ASL cases for Western Europe (Fig. 4) Latency period of ASL cases for North America (Fig. 5) Duration of exposure of ASL cases for all countries (Fig. 6) Page N 1 3 5 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 24 25 R&S 152890 Page N' Duration from diagnosis to death superior to one year (Fig. 7 and complement) Age at diagnosis of ASL cases for all countries (Fig. 8) Western Europe PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 9) Eastern Europe PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 10) North America PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 11) Japan PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 12) Australia PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 13) Central and South America PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 14) Middle East PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up date of the plant (Table 15) Present West European PVC/VCM producers and plants location (Table 16) Present North American PVC/VCM producers and plants location (Table 17) Present Japanese PVC/VCM producers and plants location (Table 18) ISO code for identification of countries 26 30 31 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 42 44 46 R&S Ul CO <0 BLANK DATA SHEET Initials Date of birth Company Plant (Pit.) First VC exposure Date at diagnosis Age at diagnosis Latency period = Years from 1st exposure to diagnosis Years of exposure (Yrs of expo.) Date of death Histological confirmation (Hist. Conf.) Comments * Estimated exposure level * Occupation * Additional medical information Source of information R&S 152892 | TABLE 1 DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS Year of diagnosis 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Number of cases 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 4 2 4 2 4 10 7 11 14 5 9 10 I 12/10/9: R&S152893 DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS (continued) Year of diagnosis 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Total cases Number of cases 8 5 8 11 5 11 5 6 9 7 2 1 4 173 12/10/9 :1GURE 1 ASL ALL CASES BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS 12/10/93 1992 S682SLSSH DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BY REGION Region Western Europe North America Eastern Europe Japan Australia Total cases Number of cases 106 57 6 3 1 173 12/10/9' IGURE 2 ASL CASES FOR NORTH AMERICA AND WESTERN EUROPE 12/10/93 1990 YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS TABLE 3 DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BV COUNTRIES Country United States Germany France United Kingdom Canada Italy Sweden Croatia Japan Slovak Republic Belgium Norway Spain Australia Total cases Number of cases 44 41 28 20 13 8 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 173 R&S 152898 12/10/9 TABLE 4 DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES IN PLANTS WITH 3 OR MORE CASES Western Europe Country + Plant Code Number of cases Germany [ 4] 19 United Kingdom Germany C 23 C 8] 15 12 France t 3] 11 France [ 2] 8 France C 5] 5 United Kingdom Sweden Germany C 13 C 13 C 7] 5 5 3 Italy C 3] 3 Germany [ 2] 3 Total cases 89 North America United States United States Canada United States Total cases t 13 [ 2] [ 13 [ 3] 16 12 12 6 46 Eastern Europe Croatia Total cases [ 13 - 4 4 WESTERN EUROPE There are 44 pre-1970 PVC/VCM plants in Western Europe. 23 had ASL cases. Of the 106 West European cases. 80 have occurred in clusters in 8 factories. NORTH AMERICA There are 48 pre-1970 PVC/VCM plants in North America. 14 had ASL cases. Of the 57 North American cases. 46 have occurred in clusters in 4 factories. R&S152899 12/10/9: TABLE 5 DISTRIBUTION OF LATENCY PERIODS (YEARS) 15. 12/10/93 Country Australia Belgium Canada Croatia Germany Spain France United Kingdom Italy Japan Norway Sweden Slovak Republic United States Total Average and distribution of latency period 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 1 2 3 5212 4 1 5 12 10 6 6 1 1 1 4 3 10 3 7 1 42742 323 12 1 2 21 11 28 9969 2 12 37 38 41 21 21 Total cases Average latency period 1 25.00 2 17.50 13 24.15 4 21.25 41 21.66 1 25.00 28 28.50 20 25.30 8 21.63 3 20.00 1 21.00 5 24.40 2 15.00 43 25.98 172 22.60 Latency period for US 45 is unknown. That ASL case is not included In the account. R&s 152900 TABLE 6 ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Year of diagnosis Western Europe 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 , 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 FR1 1968 DEI 1969 1970 DE2 SE1 1971 KOI 1972 GB1 IT2 SE2 1973 DE3 DE35 DE5 1974 DE4 G83 1975 DE6 DE7 DE8 FR2 FR3 FR8 IT3 (.0623 (SSH North America CA1 CA2 USB CA3 US5 CA4 US4 CAS US7 US10 US12 US16 US2 US11 CA6 CA7 CA8 US1 US3 US23 CA9 US6 US9 US13 US17 US18 US19 US26 Other SK2 CT1 CT2 SKI JP1 12/10/9. TABLE 6 ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION (continued) 12/1< Year of diagnosis Western Europe 1976 BE1 DE9 DE36 FR4 FR5 FR6 FR7 FR9 SE3 1977 1978 DE10 DE11 DE12 SE4 DE13 DE15 DE16 DE17 FRIO FR11 * 1979 BE2 DE18 DE19 DE21 0E23 FR12 FR13 GB4 GB5 1980 DE20 DE22 DE30 GB6 GB7 SE5 1981 DE25 FR14 GB8 IT4 1982 DE24 FR15 1983 DE27 DE29 DE33 FR16 FR17 GB9 IT5 1984 FR18 FR19 GB10 1985 DE28 DE31 DE32 DE34 DE37 FR20 GB11 GB12 IT6 1986 DE39 DE42 FR21 GB13 IT7 1987 DE40 FR22 GB14 1988 DE38 FR23 FR24 FR25 FR26 FR27 GB15 G816 1989 DE41 DE43 ESI FR28 GB17 ITS IT9 - 1990 1991 1992 GB18 GB19 GB20 GB21 Total for Western Europe: 106 North America CA10 US20 US22 US21 US27 US28 US32 US29 US30 US31 CA12 US33 US34 US42 US45 US47 US35 US36 US38 US46 US37 US39 CA11 CA13 US40 US41 US43 US44 US48 Total for North America: 57 CT3 JP2 CT4 Other JP3 AU1 Total for other countries: 10 206SSIS'8d BLE 7 ASl CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION i ear 1st exposure Western Europe 1941 1942 FR11 FR16 FR28 ,J 1943 FR14 FR24 1944 FR23 G81 1945 1946 SE2 FR1 FR3 SE4 1947 SE3 1948 FR9 FR17 1949 FR4 FR12 1950 0E43 FR7 G88 G89 NOl 1951 DE30 FR20 G85 SE1 1952 DE3 1953 DE15 DE31 DE33 DE36 IT3 1954 DE7 DE8 DE19 DE38 FR27 G84 1955 DE11 DE16 DE18 DE23 0E27 DE32 DE41 DE42 FR15 1956 DEI DE34 FRIO GBI5 1957 DE2 DE4 FR8 GB12 GB19 GB20 IT2 , 1958 8E1 FR6 FR22 IT7 1959 FR2 FR19 FR21 GB18 IT4 1960 DE13 DE25 DE28 DE5 IT6 1961 DE9 DE10 DE12 DE17 DE20 DE22 ITS eoessis'su North America CA3 US27 US46 US13 US29 US40 CA2 CA11 US19 CA1 CAB USB US7 US28 US35 CA4 CA12 US3 US9 CA7 CA9 US8 US11 US21 US31 CA6 US22 US26 US1 US12 US41 US16 US10 US32 US4 CAIO US37 US18 US33 US48 US2 US17 US20 US34 US43 US44 US36 CA13 US47 US23 US39 CA8 CT2 SK2 CT1 JP1 CT3 SKI CT4 JP2 Other 12/10/93 TABLE 7 ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION (continued) I2/1C Year 1st exposure Western Europe 1962 BE2 DE6 DE21 DE29 FR25 GB6 1963 FR13 FR18 FR26 GB7 GB16 G817 1964 ESI SE5 1965 FR5 GB11 GB21 1966 GB3 GB10 GB14 1967 IT5 1968 DE35 DE39 0E40 GB13 1969 DE24 DE37 1970 1971 1972 IT9 Total for Western Europe: 106 Date of 1st exposure for US 45 is unknown. That ASL case Is not Included In the account. US6 US38 US30 North America US42 Total for North America: 56 Other AU1 JP3 Total for other countries: 10 KJezsissy TABLE 8 LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES TABULATED 8Y YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE FOR PLANTS WITH 10 OR MORE CASES 12/10/93 Year 1st exposure 1941 Germany [ 4] 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 29 1952 1953 1954 23 34 21 25 1955 23 28 1956 29 12 1957 13 1958 1959 1960 S062SLS'Sd United Kingdom [ 2] Germany [ 8] 33 31 28 32 35 35 33 39 32 30 25 21 24 30 31 22 17 21 France [ 3] 37 42 47 38 . 44 29 28 35 34 27 22 United States [ 11 45 20 29 28 29 28 25 19 15 31 37 28 27 19 15 United States [ 2] 42 37 38 32 32 24 39 34 35 31 24 TABLE 8 LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES TABULATED BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE FOR PLANTS WITH 10 OR MORE CASES {continued) 12/10/93 Germany Year 1st exposure [ 4] 1961 19 16 19 17 1962 17 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 5 18 19 1969 16 1970 1971 1972 1973 Total cases: 19 Average : 20.16 United Kingdom t 2] 18 17 27 20 8 18 21 18 Total cases: 15 Average : 24.93 Germany [ 81 13 Total cases: 12 Average : 25.42 France [ 3] Total cases: 11 Average : 34.82 United States [ 1] 12 Total cases: 16 Average : 25.44 United States C 2] Total cases: 12 Average : 30.67 906SS1-S'9L) F/GURE 3 LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES FOR ALL COUNTRIES 12/10/93 FIGURE 4 LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES FOR WESTERN EUROPE r&S152908 12/10/93 YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE FIGURE 5 12/10/93 60 50 >. 40 O z ai 5 UU 30 O Vi O' 55 > 20 i 11 11 10 1940 LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES FOR NORTH AMERICA it * < ii i <l 4l <t ' > 41 .. -j *___ * > ( ___ < 1___ ii i <* l <> <* < > it <i 1945 1950 1955 YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE 1960 Latency Period laxlmum Latency Period ' 1965 1970 FIGURE 6 DURATION OF EXPOSURE OF ASL CASES FOR ALL COUNTRIES i -12/10/93 0163SIS'8U YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE FIGURE 7 DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES (if >= one year) 12/10/93 z 0 1 a3 uessi-s'sy YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS COMPLEMENT TO FIGURE 7 DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES (if >-one year) 12/10/93 Year of diagnosis 1967 1967 1968 1970 1970 1971 1973 1973 1974 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1976 1976 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 ISO code CA US OE US DE NO DE D US US US US FR FR CA DE DE US DE DE DE BE OE DE US Case number 4 4 1 2 2 1 5 35 6 9 17 19 8 9 10 9 36 32 19 21 23 2 22 30 31 Duration 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 2 10 1 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 R&S152912 COMPLEMENT TO FIGURE 7 DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES (if >-one year) (continued) 12/10/ Year of diagnosis 1981 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1986 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 ISO code DE OE US US US FR DE D OE US FR DE CA OE DE IT OE OE GB FR FR FR US FR DE Case number 25 24 34 45 47 15 27 29 33 46 19 32 11 31 37 6 42 40 14 22 23 27 43 28 43 Duration 2 1 1 7 a 11 1 1 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 R&S152913 R&S152914 FIGURE 8 AGE AT DIAGNOSIS OF ASL CASES FOR ALL COUNTRIES 12/10/93 S 1^623 l-SSd YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS TABLE 9 Western Europe PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 12/10/93 Start-up year 1931 1933 1935 1938 1939 1940 1940 1945 1946 1948 1948 1949 1950 1950 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1955 1955 1955 1955 1956 1958 1960 1960 1960 1961 ISO code DE DE DE IT FR GB 68 SE FR GB DE BE FR FR NL NO DE CH IT IT FR IT OE ES GB AT DE ES DE DE ES DE IT DE SE PT Company name BASF WACKER TREUHAND MONTECATINI (closed) RHONE-POULENC/ELF-ATOCHEM ICI/EVC ICI/EVC (closed 1948 - restarted 1970) KEMANORD RHONE-POULENC BP/EVC CWH/HOLS SOLVAY PEUK/ELF-ATOCHEM RHONE-POULENC/ELF-ATOCHEM SHELL/ROVIN NORSK DYNAMIT/HOLS LONZA/EVC MONTEDISON/EVC MOPLEFAN (closed) SOLVAY SOLVAY HOECHST RIO ROOANO/ELF-ATOCHEM NORSK HALVIC/SOLVAY DYNAMIT/HOLS MONSANTO IBERIA/AISCONDEL STATE COMPANY HOECHST HISPAVIC/SOLVAY SOLVAY ANIC/EVC LONZA/ICI/EVC KEMANORD/NORSK CIRES Plant Location Ludwigshafen Burghausen Schkopau Acna St Fons HI 11house Runcorn Sundsvall Roussillon Barry Marl Jemeppe Brignoud St Auban Pemis Heroya Troisdorf Sins Porto Marghera Terni Tavaux Ferrara Gendorf Hemani Aycllffe Halleln Rhelnfelden Monzon Bitterfeldt Frankfurt Torrelavega Rheinberg Ravenna Waldshut Stenungsund Estarreja Close-up year 1988 1987 1975 -- 1968 1983 1990 R&S152916 TABLE 9 Western Europe PVC/VCM PRODUCERS (continued) 32. 12/10/93 Start-up ISO year code Company name 1963 IT EVC 1965 FR RHONE-POULENC closed 1965 IT PANSAC 1965 IT POZZI 1965 DE WACKER 1966 DE HOECHST 1967 FR ATOCHEM/ELF-ATOCHEM 1967 ES RIO RODANO/ELF-ATOCHEM 1967 GR ESSO PAPPAS/EKO 1968 BE 8ADIPHIL/BASF 1969 IT RUMANICA/EVC 1969 IT SIR/EVC 1969 GB NORSK 1970 NL ROVIN 1971 ES HISPAVIC/SOLVAY 1971 GB BP 1972 FI PEKEMA/NESTE 1972 NL DSM/LVM 1972 ES VINICLOR/SOLVAY 1972 BE LVM 1976 FR CDF/LVM 1976 ES MONSANTO IBERIA/AISCONDEL 1978 NO NORSK 1980 DE ICI/EVC 1981 FR ELF-ATOCHEM/VINYLFOS 1981 FR SHELL 1983 FR ELF-ATOCHEM Plant Location Brindisi Montiugon Mira-Venice Ferrandina Koln Knapsack Balan Miranda De Ebro Thessaloniki Antwerp Cagliari Porto Torres Staveley Botlek Martorell I Bag!an Bay Svartbach/Kulloo Beek Geleen Martorell II Tessenderlo Mazingarbe Tarragona Rafnes Wilhelmshaven Fos.sur Mer Berre Lavera Close-up year 1986 1982 R&S152917 TABLE 10 Eastern Europe PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 12/10/93 Start-up ISO year code Company name 1941 SU STATE COMPANY 1950 CT JUGO VINIL 1951 SK STATE COMPANY 1956 RO STATE COMPANY 1957 R0 STATE COMPANY 1957 PL STATE COMPANY 1958 RO STATE COMPANY 1959 HU STATE COMPANY 1961 RO STATE COMPANY 1963 CT OHIS 1965 BG STATE COMPANY 1967 PL STATE COMPANY 1969 SU STATE COMPANY 1970 SU STATE COMPANY 1970 RO STATE COMPANY 1972 CT VINILPLASTIKA 1975 CS STATE COMPANY 1975 SU STATE COMPANY 1976 CT HIP 1977 RO STATE COMPANY Plant Location Vladimir Split Novaky Icechim Tirnaveni Turda Osweicim Dwory Risnov Borsodchem Borzesti Skopje Varna Tarnow Ojerjinsk Volgograd Rimnicu Vilcea Zadar Neratovice Kalush Area Pancevo Rimnicu Vilcea 2 Close-up year TABLE 11 North America PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 12/10/93 Start-up year 1939 1942 1943 1946 1947 1948 1948 1948 1950 1951 1951 1952 1953 1953 1954 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1960 1960 1960 1962 1963 1963 1965 1965 1966 1966 1966 ISO code US US CA US US US US US US US CA US US US US US US US US US US CA US US US US US CA US US US US US CA US US Company name UNION CARBIDE BF GOODRICH CANADIAN RESINS/SHAMINIGAN/GULF/GOODRICH UNION CARBIDE GOODYEAR FIRESTONE/OCCIDENTAL UNIROYAL DOM MONSANTO BF GOODRICH MONSANTO DOM DIAMOND SHAMROCK/BF GOODRICH BF GOODRICH GEN.TIRE/DIVERSITECH(cl.83)/VYGEN(op.86) GREAT AMERICAN PLASTICS PANTASOTE AIR PRODUCTS/WESTLAKE BORDEN CONOCO HOOKER GOODRICH TENNECO/OCCIDENTAL AIR PRODUCTS/WESTLAKE KEYSOR CORPORATION BF GOODRICH BORDEN DOM TENNECO/OCCIDENTAL CONOCO/VISTA STAUFFER CONOCO/OLIN ETHYL ESSO IMPERAIL OIL/EXXON DIAMOND/GEORGIA GULF GEN. TIRE/PANTASOTE Plant Location S Charleston Louisville Shawinigan Texas City Niagara Falls Pottstown Palnesville Freeport Springfield Avon Lake La Salle Midland Deer Park Calvert City Ashtabula Fitchburg Passaic Pensacola Leominster Hebronville Hicksvilie Niagara Falls Flemington Calvert City Saugus Long Beach Illiopolis Sarnia Burlington NJ Aberdeen Miss. Long Beach Assmet Baton Rouge Sarnia Delaware City Mt Pleasant Close-up year 1979 1993 1975 1982 1975 1975 1975 1983 1984 1984 1975 1980 1985 1993 1982 1975 1984 1982 R&S152919 TABLE 11 North America PVC/VCM PRODUCERS (continued) 35. 12/10/93 Start-up ISO year code Company name 1966 US BF GOODRICH 1966 US STAUFFER/FORMOSA 1967 US ALLIED/ROBINTECH/GEORGIA PACIFIC 1967 US PPG 1968 US FIRESTONE/OCCIDENTAL 1968 US GOODYEAR/BF GOODRICH 1968 US FORMOSA PLASTICS 1969 US GEORGIA GULF 1969 US DOW 1969 US SHELL 1970 US BF GOODRICH 1971 US CONOCO/VISTA 1972 US NAT. STARCH (closed) 1973 US BORDEN 1974 US ATLANTIC TUBING/TALLYRAND 1974 US SHINTECH 1975 US CERTAIN-TEED 1975 US GEORGIA PACIFIC/GEORGIA GULF 1975 US TENNECO/OCCIDENTAL 1977 US DOW 1978 US BF GOODRICH 1979 CA DIAMOND SHAMROCK /BF GOODRICH 1979 US FIRESTONE/OCCIDENTAL 1979 CA DOW 1980 US GEORGIA GULF 1983 US FORMOSA 1984 US BF GOODRICH 1992 US FORMOSA PLASTICS Plant Location Henry 111. Delaware City Painesville Lake Charles Perryvllle Plaquemine Baton Rouge I Tiptonvllle Oyster Creek Deer Park Pedrlcktown Oklahoma City Meredosla 111. Springfield Cranston Freeport Lake Charles Plaquemine Passadena Plaquemine II La Porte Fort Saskatchewan Addis Fort Saskatchewan Gallman Point Comfort Terra Haute Baton Rouge II Close-up year 1982 1982 _ R&S152920 TABLE 12 Japan PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 3 12/10/E Start-up ISO year code Company name 1949 JP CHISSO CORP 1950 JP KANEGAFUCHI 1950 JP TEKKOSHA/TOHOKU TOSOH 1951 JP MITSUI TOATSU 1951 JP OENKI KAGAKU KOGYO/CO DENKI 1951 JP NIPPON CARBIDE 1951 JP NIPPON ZEON 1951 JP SUMITOMO CHEM. (closed) 1952 JP MITSUBISHI MONSANTO / MITSUBISHI VINYL 1953 OP TOAGOSEI CHEM. 1956 JP NISSHIN CHEM. 1956 JP KUREHA CHEM./KUREHA KAGAKU 1956 JP NIPPON ZEON 1957 JP SHIN-ETSU CHEM. 1959 JP NIPPON CARBIOE 1960 JP OENKI KAGAKU KOGYO/CO DENKI 1960 JP KANEGAFUCHI 1961 JP TOAGOSEI 1963 JP CHISSO CORP. (closed) 1966 JP TOKUAYAMA SEKISUI 1967 1967 JP SUN ARROW JP~ SUMITOMO CHEM. 1968 JP NIKKA CHEM./MITSUBISHI VINYL 1968 JP SHIN-ETSU CHEM. 1969 JP NIPPON ZEON 1970 JP CHISSO CORP. 1970 JP DENKI KAGAKU KOGYO/CO DENKI 1970 JP KANEGAFUCHI 1970 JP KAWASAKI YUKI. 1970 JP MITSUI TOATSU CHEM. 1970 JP SHIN-ETSU CHEM. 1970 JP TEKKOSHA/TOSOH CORP. 1971 JP NISSAN CHEM/NISSAN KAGAKU 1981 JP TOSOH CORP. Plant Location Minamata Osaka Sakata Nagoya Shlbukawa Uozu Kambara Ehlme Yokkalchl Nagoya Takefu Nlshlkl Takaoka Naoetsu Hayatsukl Ohml Takasago Tokushima Gol Nanyo Tokuyama Chiba Mlzushima Nanyo Mlzushima Mizushima Chiba Kashlma Kawasaki Osaka Kashlma Yokkaichi Chiba Nanyo Close-up year 1985 1972 1967 1960 1973 1992 1988 1989 R&S 152921 TABLE 13 Australia PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 37. 12/10/93 Start-up year 1955 1960 1979 ISO code AU AU AU Company name ICI AUSTRALIA BF GOODRICH ICI AUSTRALIA Plant Location Botany Sydney Melbourne Laverton Close-up year B&S152922 TABLE 14 Central and South America PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 38. 12/10/93 Start-up ISO year code Company name 1953 MX MONSANTO MEXICO 1954 MX POLICYD 1955 BR GE0N DO BRAZIL 1956 BR ELCLOR/SOLVAY 1960 AR ELECTROCHLOR 1960 AR VIPLASTIC 1961 AR INDUPA 1965 CO PET COLUMBIANA 1966 CO CARBURO DE COL 1967 MX PLASTICOS OMEGA 1967 PE SOC PARAMONGA 1968 MX PRIMEX 1970 NI POLICASA 1970 CL PETRO DOW 1971 MX POLIMEROS MEX 1972 BR BRASIVIL/SOLVAY 1975 PR RICO CHEMICALS 1976 VE PETROPLAS 1977 MX INDUST. RESISTOC Gr-O. crHr 7 MX POLICYD 1978 BR HULS/BRAZIL 1978 SV POLYCHEM 1979 BR PET CAMACARI Plant Location Lecheria Mexico Sao Paulo Santo Andre Capitan Bermudez Mendoz Cinco Saltos Cartagena Medellin Mexico Paramonga Puebla Managua Conception St Martin Puebla Santo Andre Guyanilla El Tablazo Tlazcala Coatzacoalcos Cubato El Salvador Camacari Bahia Close-up year TABLE 15 Middle East PVC/VCM PRODUCERS 3912/10/93 Start-up year 1986 ISO code SV Company name NATIONAL PLASTIC Plant Location A1-Juball Close-up year R&S152924 40. TABLE 16 PRESENT WEST EUROPEAN PVC/VCM PRODUCERS AND PLANTS LOCATION COMPANY PLANT START-UP-YEAR AISCONDEL ES MONZON ES TARRAGONA BASF BE ANTWERP DE LUDWIGSHAFEN DE SCHWARZHEIDE CIRES PT ESTARREJA EKO GR THESSALONIKI ELF-ATOCHEM FR BALAN FR BRIGNOUD FR SAINT AUBAN FR SAINT FONS ES HERNANI ES MIRANDA FR LAVERA EVC DE WALDSHUT DE" WILHELMSHAVEN IT BRINDISI IT CAGLIARI IT PORTO MARGHERA IT PORTO TORRES IT RAVENNA CH SINS GB BARRY GB HILLHOUSE GB RUNCORN HOECHST DE GENDORF DE KNAPSACK HOLS DE MARL PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC VCM PVC PVC/VCM PVC VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM VCM PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM 1955 1976 1968 1931 1961 1967 1967 1950 1950 1939 1953 1967 1983 1960 closed 1990 1980 1963 1969 1969 1952 1969 1970 ' 1960 1951 1948 1940 1970 1953 1966 1948 R&S152925 TABLE 16 41. INDUSTRIE GENERALE L.V.M. NESTE NORSK ROVIN SHELL SOLVAY TREUHAND VINYLFOS/ ELF-ATOCHEM WACKER IT SAMARATE 'FR MAZINGARBE NL BEEK GELEN BE TESSENDERLO FI KULLOO NO HEROYA SE STENUNGSUND GB AYCLIFFE NO RAFNES NL PERNIS NL BOTLEK FR BERRE AT HALLEIN BE JEMEPPE FR TAVAUX DE RHEINBERG IT FERRARA ES MARTORELL ES MARTORELL/ VINICLOR DE SCHKOPAU FR FOS-SUR-MER DE KOLN DE BURGHAUSEN PVC PVC PVC VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC VCM PVC VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC PVC VCM PVC/VCM VCM PVC PVC/VCM 1976 1972 1972 1972 1950 1960 1953 1978 1950 1970 1981 1953 1949 1953 1958 1953 1971 1972 1935 1981 4 1965 1933 R&S 152926 TABLE 17 42. PRESENT NORTH AMERICAN PVC/VCM PRODUCERS AND PLANTS LOCATION COMPANY PLANT START-UP-YEAR AIR PRODUCTS (WESTLAKE) US CALVERT CITY US PENSACOLA BORDEN US GEISMAR US ILLIOPOLIS US SPRINGFIELD CERTAIN TEED US LAKE CHARLES DOW CA FORT SASKATCHEWAN CA SARNIA EXXON US OYSTER CREEK US PLAQUEMINE II CA SARNIA FORMOSA PLASTICS US BATON ROUGE I " " II US DELAWARE CITY US POINT COMFORT GEORGIA GULF US DELAWARE CITY US TIPTONVILLE US PLAQUEMINE US GALLMAN GOODRICH/ GEON COMPANY CA SHAWINIGAN CA NIAGARA FALLS CA FORT SASKATCHEWAN US AVON LAKE US DEER PARK US LA PORTE US LONG BEACH US HENRY US LOUISVILLE PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC VCM VCM VCM VCM PVC VCM VCM PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC PVC 1958 1956 1960 1973 1975 1979 1960 closed 1993 1969 1977 1966 1968 1992 1966 1983 1966 1969 1975 1980 . 1943 closed 1993 1957 1979 1952 1953 1978 1960 1966 1940 R&S152927 TABLE 17 43. GOODRICH (cont.) US PEDRICKTOWN US PLAQUEMINE US TERRA HAUTE GOODYEAR US NIAGARA FALLS KEYSOR CORP. US SAUGUS OCCIDENTAL US ADDIS US BURLINGTON US CORPUS CHRISTIE US DEER PARK US PASADENA US POTTSTOWN PPG US LAKE CHARLES SHINTECH US FREEPORT UNION CARBIDE US TEXAS CITY VISTA US ABERDEEN US LAKE CHARLES US OKLAHOMA VYGEN' US ASHTABULA WESTLAKE US CALVERT CITY US PENSACOLA PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC VCM VCM PVC PVC VCM PVC PVC PVC VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC 1969 1969 1984 1947 1958 1979 1962 1990 1969 1975 1948 1967 1974 1946 1963 1971 1986 1958 1956 R&S152928 44 TABLE 18 PRESENT JAPANESE PVC/VCM PRODUCERS WITH PLANTS LOCATION COMPANY PLANT START-UP-YEAR CHIBA VCM CHISSO CORP. CHUO PVC SALES CO ASAHI G DENKI KAGACU JP CHIBA JP CHIBA JP MINAMATA JP MIZUSHIMA JP HAYATSUKI JP OHMI DAI-TCHI PVC FIRST PVC SALES CO NIPPON JAPAN PVC SALES CO DENKI KANEGAFUCHI KUREHA KAGAKU KYODO PVC SALES CO CENTRE MITSUBISHI VINYL MITSUI TOATSU NISSAN KAGAKU JP CHIBA JP MIZUSHIMA JP TAKAOKA JP CHIBA JP OHMI JP SHINBUKAWA JP KASHIMA JP OSAKA JP TAKASAGO JP NISHIKI JP KAWASAKI JP MIZUSHIMA JP YOKKAICHI JP SENBOKU JP NAGOYA JP CHIBA VCM PVC PVC PVC PVC VCM PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC 1949 1970 1959 closed 1988 1960 closed 1990 1992 1969 1956 1970 1960 closed 1992 1951 1970 1950 1960 1956 1970 PVC PVC 1968 1952 PVC/VCM - VCM 1951 PVC/VCM VCM 1971 closed 1988 R&S152929 TABLE 18 RYONICHI SANYO MONOMER SHIN ETSU SUMITOMO SUN ARROW TOA GOSEI TOKUYAMA SEKISUI TOYO SODA JP MIZUSHIMA JP MIZUSHIMA JP KASHIMA JP TOKUYAMA JP KAWASAKI JP CHIBA JP KIKUMOTO JP TOKUYAMA JP TOKUSHIMA JP TOKUYAMA JP NANYO JP YOKKAICHI VCM VCM PVC/VCM PVC VCM PVC PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC/VCM 1970 ' 1967 1967 1961 R&S152930 t ISO COOES ISO code AF AL AR AT AU BE BG BO BR CA CH Cl CL . CO CS CT DE DK EG ES FI FR GB GR HK HU ID IE IL IN IQ IR IS IT JO JP Country Afganistan Albany Argentina Austria Australia Belgium Bulgaria Bolivia Brasil Canada Swiss China Chile Colombia Czech Republic Croatia Germany Denmark Egypt Spain Finland France United Kingdom Greece Hong Kong Hungaria Indonesia Ireland Israel India Iraq Iran Iceland Italy Jordanla Japan 12/10/9C R&S 152931 ISO CODES (continued) ISO code KP KR KW LB LU MX NI NL NO NZ PE PH PL PR PT RO SA SE SG SK SU SV SY m TO TO US UY VE ZA Country North Corea South Corea Kuweit Li ban Luxemburg Mexico Nicaragua Holland Norway New Zeeland Peru Philippines Poland Puerto Rico Portugal Rumania Arabie Saoudite Sweden Slngapour Slovak Republic Russia Salvador Syria Thailand Turkey Taiwan United States Uruguay Venezuela South Africa R & S 152932 12/10/'