Document 5k5drpNqGMBgErqNmjk8e1NL8

AR226-2574 GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR WASHINGTON WORKS PLANT Date: January 2002 Project No.: D6WW7423.U1 E !' ^ CORPORATE REMEDIATION GftOUP.. An Alliance between DuPont and URS Diamond Barley Mill Plaza, Building 27 Wilmington, Delaware 19805 EID 817269 E ID 817269 Groundwater Investigation Q ualily Assurance Project Plan Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction................................................................... ...................*..................................1 2.0 Project Description............................................................................................................. 3 2.1 S ite Location and Description................................................................................. 3 2.2 Current Site Investigation.......................................................................... ............. 3 3.0 Project Organization and Responsibility.................................................................... ....5 3.1 Project Organization Chart......................... ........................................................... 5 3.2 Management Responsibilities...................................................... 3.2.1 Project Director........................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Project Manager......... ...................................................... 3.2.3 Health and Safety Officer.........................................................................6 3.2.4 Technical Consultants................................................................................. 6 3.2.5 Technical and Support Staff,,,,,,............................................................. 6 3.3 QA Responsibilities................................................................................................... 6 3.3.1 Qualily Assurance Officer.........................................................................6 3.3.2 Project Chemist............................................................................. 3.4 Laboratory Responsibilities............................................................ 3.4.1 Laboratory Personnel............................................................... 3.5 Data Review Responsibilities...................................................................................7 3.6 Field Responsibilities................................................................... 3.6.1 Project Geologist.................................................... 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 4.0 Quality Assurance Objectives.......................... .................................................. >*....... 8 4.1 Data Quality Characteristics.... ...............................................................................8 4.2 Data Quality Objectives................................................................................... 4.2.1 Data Quality Objective for the Groundwater Investigation..................9 4.2.2 Measurement System Characteristics............ ....... ................................ 9 9 5.0 Sampling Procedures................. ........ ................................................................. ...........11 5.1 Preliminary Activities................................................................ 5.2 General Decontamination Procedures........... ....................................... 5.3 General Instructions For Water Sampling........... ................................ 5.4 Drinking Water Sampling..................................................................................... 13 5.5 Groundwater Sampling............................................................. 5.6 Surface Water Sampling.................................................................. ................. -15 5.7 Disposable Equipment...................................................................... H 12 12 14 16 6.0 Sample and Document Custody Procedures,..,,,..,,.................................................... 17 6.1 Field Sample Custody........................................................... 6.2 Laboratory Sample Custody............................................................. 17 18 7.0 Calibration Procedures and Frequency............................................................ .............19 W W Q A P P rev3. doc M ay. 7 , 0 3 Wilmington, DE < E ID 817270 EIDS17270 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Table of Contents 8.0 Analytical Procedures 20 9.0 Data Reduction. Verification and Reporting................ ,.................. .......................... 21 9.1 Data Reduction........................................................................................................21 9.2 Data Verification......................................................................... 21 9.3 Data Reporting.............................................. 21 10.0 Internal Quality Control Checks................................. ................................................ 23 10.1 Field Blanks........................................................................................................... 23 10.2 Duplicate Samples..................................................................................... ............24 10.3 SpUt Samples......................................................................................................... . 24 11.0 Performance and System Audits..................................................................................25 12.0 Preventative Maintenance, 26 13.0 Data Measurement Assessment Procedures.............................................................. 27 13.1 Representativeness............................................... 27 13.2 Comparability...........................................................................................................27 13.3 Precision....................................................................................................................28 13.4 Accuracy......................................................... 28 13.5 Completeness.......................................................................................................... 29 14.0 Corrective Action Approach.......................................................................................... 30 14.1 Corrective Action Procedure Description....................................................... 30 15.0 Quality Assurance Reports to Management. Tabic 1. Table 2 Tabic 3 TABLES Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Objectives for Water Samples Summary o f Holding Times and Preservation for Water Samples Analytical Methodology- Water Samples Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 FIGURES Project Organization Diagram Daily Instrument Calibration Check Sheet Audit Checklist Corrective Action Request APPENDICES Appendix A FC-143 Data Review Checklist ' W W O A PPrev3.doc May. 7,0 3 Wilmington, DE ID 817271 E ID 817271 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) discusses the procedures and practices developed to ensure that all information, data, and decisions derived from or based on data acquired during the groundwater investigation at DuPont Washington Works are technically sound, usable, and properly documented. The groundwater investigation is undertaken in compliance with the Consent Order entered into by and between the West Virginia Department o f Environmental Protection (WVDEP), the West Virginia Department o f Health and Human Resources - Bureau for Public Health (WVDHHR-BPH), and E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont). The groundwater investigation is to be performed as one o f a series o f tasks in order to determine whether there has been any impact on human health and the environment as a result o f releases o f ammonium perfluorooctanoate (C-8, also known as PC-143), CAS Number 3825-26-1, to the environment from DuPont operations. The overall quality assurance objective is to ensure that data o f known and acceptable quality is generated during field investigations. Procedures and practices presented in this QAPP also will ensure that all measurements will be performed to yield consistent results representative o f media and conditions measured, which accurately reflect project objectives. The QAPP outlines procedures for; U Project organization Quality assurance objectives for data measurement Sampling procedures Sample and document custody procedures Calibration procedures and frequency Analytical procedures Data reduction, validation, and reporting Internal quality control checks . Performance and system audits U Preventive maintenance Data measurement assessment procedures Corrective action approach Q Quality assurance reports to management This QAPP provides a mechanism for controlling and evaluating the quality o f data acquired throughout the course o f the groundwater investigation at Washington Works (and associated landfills), Because data collected during this investigation will form the basis for evaluating the presence and extent o f C-8 in drinking water, groundwater, and surface water, appropriate control o f field and analytical procedures and the assurance o f W W QAPP rev3.doc M ay 7 .0 3 Wilmington, DE E1D817272 E ID 817272 Groundw ater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Pian Introduction data usability and representativeness are crucial to successfully achieving the groundwater investigation objectives, This QAPP also provides quality assurance guidelines to be followed during the field investigation. The scope o f the groundwater investigation includes the Main Plant and associated landfills (Local, Letart, and Dry Run). Sample analysis w ill be performed according to laboratory standard operating procedures (SOPs). All analyses will be performed by a DuPont Corporate Remediation Group (CRG) selected laboratory that has been audited by DuPont. W W QAPP rev3.doc M ay 7, 03 Wilmington, D EIDB17273 EXD817273 Groundwater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Project Description 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Site Location and Description The DuPont Washington Works facility is located in Wood County, West Virginia, about seven miles southwest of Parkersburg, West Virginia, along Route 892. The site covers about l ,200 acres in the Ohio River Valley and is located along the south bank ot the Ohio River. The Local Landfill is located immediately adjacent to the Main Plant off the southern perimeter. The Letart Landfill is located just north o f the town o f Letart in Mason County, West Virginia. The Dry Run Landfill is located west o f the town o f Lubeck in Wood County, West Virginia and is about eight miles southwest o f the Washington Works Main Plant and the Local Landfill. A water use and well survey search is being completed for the area within a onc-milc radius from the plant and landfill perimeters. ' Additional background information (i.e,, the site's physical environment, environmental setting, assessment o f water quality, site conceptual model, data gaps, etc.) arc included in Compilation o fHistorical Data fo r Washington Works (DuPont CRG, 2002). 2.2 Current Site Investigation The overall objective o f the groundwater investigation is to collect data o f sufficient quality and quantity to ensure that the primary goals o f the groundwater investigation may be accomplished. The Consent Order identified a series o f tasks to be performed by the Parties (WVDEP, WVDHHR-BPH, and DuPont) in order to determine whether there has been any impact on human health and the environment as a result o f releases o f C-8 to the environment from DuPont Operations at the Main Plant and associated landfills (Local, Letart and Dry Run). One o f these tasks was the development o f the C-8 Groundwater Investigation Steering Team (GIST). The GIST was assembled to assess the presence and extent o f C8 in drinking water, groundwater, and surface water at and around the DuPont Main Plant, and the Local, Letart and Dry Run landfills. Pursuant to the Consent Order, three specific key tasks are to be performed by DuPont and evaluated by the GIST. The primary objective o f Task B is to develop and implement a monitoring plan that determines the presence and extent o f C-8 in drinking water, groundwater and surface water in and around the DuPont Main Plant, and the Local', Letart and Dry Run Landfills, and to provide a compilation o f available groundwater/surface water monitoring and hydrogeologic characterization data for each location. W W Q A PPrev3.doc M ay 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE EID 817274 E ID 817274 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Project Description To achieve the project objectives for this phase o f the groundwater investigation, DuPont will perform the following activities: Conduct a distance-phased groundwater well and water use survey, Conduct groundwater and surface water sampling and analysis in compliance with NPDES permits for the main plant and landfills. u Develop and implement a monitoring plan that determines the presence and extent o f C-8 in drinking water, groundwater, and surface water, Prepare a compilation o f all available groundwater/surface water results and hydrogeologic characterization data. Collect additional information required for the groundwater investigation. These activities will be described in the work plan that will be developed after the GIST approves o f the recommendations presented in Compilation o f Historical Datafo r Washington Works (DuPont CRG, 2002) W W Q APP rev3.doc M ay 7, 03 Wilmington, OE EID817275 E ID 817275 G roundwater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan PfOj&Ct Organization and Responsibility 3.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY DuPont CRG in Wilmington, Delaware, will be the lead organization in conducting the groundwater investigation. Data will be reported to, and oversight will be provided by, the GIST. Laboratory analytical testing will be conducted by Exygen Research (Exygen), located at State College, Pennsylvania, or another DuPont-approved laboratory. Potcsta & Associates Inc., Charleston, West Virginia, will assist the project team in performance o f off-site sampling. A description o f the program organization is provided in this section. The responsibilities associated with the positions are described in the following paragraphs, The persons described will be charged with ensuring the collection o f usable data and assessing measurement systems for precision and accuracy. 3.1 Project Organization Chart The lines o f authority for this specific project arc found in Figure 1, which includes the individuals discussed below, 3.2 Management Responsibilities 3.2.1 Project Director Mr. Andrew Hartten, DuPont CRG is the project director for the project. His responsibilities will be as follows: Providing strategic-level review o f technical activities Providing direction involving drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and hydrogeologic investigations Approving project-specific procedures and internally prepared plans, drawings, and reports Providing guidance to the project team , Acting as the DuPont representative to the GIST 3.2.2 Project Manager Mr. Mark Houlday, URS Diamond Group (URSD) is the project manager for the site, He will be the primary point o f contact with DuPont and will be responsible for all technical, financial, and scheduling matters. His other responsibilities will be as follows: Assigning duties to the project team and orienting the team to project needs and requirements Disseminating project-related information from DuPont W W QAPP rev3.doc May 7 . 03 Wilmington, DE EID 817276 E ID 817276 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Project Organization and Responsibility Acting as liaison with subcontractor organizations (unless specifically delegated to others) Interacting with the QA officer and health and safety officer to ensure that these programs are functioning effectively Serving as the collection point for project team reporting o f nonconformance with QA procedures or changes in project documents and activities 3.2.3 Health and Safety Officer Ms. Katherine Sova (URSD) is the health and safety officer for the project. She will be responsible for developing, reviewing, and approving o f the project health and safety plan (HASP). She will ensure that the project HASP is consistent with applicable state and federal regulations and will also be responsible for implementing the HASP. 3.2.4 Technical Consultants Senior staff members with expertise in the disciplines associated with the site investigation are available to the project as needed. These individuals will participate in the project as directed by the project manager. 3.2.5 Technical and Support Staff Individuals in this category will participate in the technical activities associated with the project and will be coordinated by the technical lead or project manager. 3.3 QA Responsibilities 3.3.1 Quality Assurance Officer Mr. Michael Aucoin (URSD) will be the QA officer for the project. His responsibilities are as follows: Q Developing and reviewing the QAPP Administering the QAPP Supervising day-to-day QA activities Notifying personnel o f nonconformance or changes in procedures Determining the system and performance audit schedules, if required 3.3.2 Project Chemist Mr. Michael Aucoin will also be the URSD project chemist for the project. He will schedule all sample container orders and analytical requests with the laboratory. He will also be the point o f contact between the laboratory and project team. He will coordinate review o f data generated by the laboratory. W W QAPP rav3.doc M ay 7 ,0 3 Wilmlnglon, D i EID B17277 E ID 817277 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Project Organization and Responsibility 3,4 Laboratory Responsibilities Exygen or another DuPont approved laboratory will provide analytical services for this project, The GIST will be notified o f any change in the designated laboratory. 3.4.1 Laboratory Personnel The key laboratory personnel for this project will be the laboratory project managers. The analytical laboratory project manager will be responsible for execution o f the analytical testing program for the project. The laboratory project manager will be responsible for laboratory analyses and data processing. The laboratory project manager will be the point o f contact for the project chemist and QA officer and will be assisted by the laboratory QA director, who is responsible for ensuring that laboratory internal QA procedures are followed and for processing QA data, The laboratory has signed a contract with DuPont detailing the terms and conditions for services. This contract includes a guarantee to dispose o f samples following analysis in accordance with all pertinent federal, state, and local laws and ordinances. 3.5 Data Review Responsibilities Environmental Standards, Inc. (ESI), Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, will be the third-party data reviewer for the project. ESI will provide an independent review and validation of approximately 10 percent o f the data points collected. 3.6 Field Responsibilities 3.6,1 Project Geologist The project geologist is to be determined and will be responsible for the following; Coordinating or leading the site investigation and sampling teams Interacting with the project chemist regarding sampling events Evaluating site groundwater and surface water data u Leading the preparation o f reports and documentation . W W QAPP rev3.doc May. 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE EID 817278 E ID 817278 Groundwater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Quality Assurance Objectives 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES To ensure that the data collected during the groundwater investigation is o f adequate and consistent quality, data quality objectives (DQOs) in terms o f precision, accuracy, and completeness have been established. The sampling and analysis and associated QA efforts arc aimed at achieving these DQOs in a timely, cost-effective, and safe manner. Data collected during previous investigations provided baseline information on contamination around the site. 4.1 Data Quality Characteristics DQOs are statements o f the level o f uncertainty that a decision-maker is willing to accept in results derived from environmental measurements. The uncertainty for sample parameter results may arise from a combination o f factors, including sampling procedures, sample matrix characteristics, non-homogeneity o f samples, and the inherent accuracy and precision limitations o f analysis methods. DQOs are quantitatively and qualitatively described in terms o f data quality characteristics (DQCs), which include precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability (see Section 13.0). These characteristics arc defined as follows: Comparability Comparability expresses consistency in sampling and analytical procedures so that one data set can be compared to another, Representativeness Representativeness expresses the degree to which sample data accurately and precisely represents a selected characteristic o f a population, parameter variations at the sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition. Precision Precision is defined as the agreement between numeric values for two or more measurements that have been made in an identical fashion. Accuracy ' Accuracy is the degree o f agreement o f a measurement with an accepted true value. Completeness Completeness is a measure o f the amount o f the usable data obtained from the measurement system compared to the amount that was expected under normal conditions. W W OAPP rev3.doc May. 7, 03 Wilmington, DE B1D81727 9 E ID 817279 Groundwater Investigation Quality A ssurtes Project Plan Quality Assurance Objectives 4.2 Data Quality Objectives 4.2.1 Data Quality Objective for the Groundwater Investigation The purpose o f the groundwater investigation is to characterize water samples in and around the Washington Works Mam Plant and associated landfills (Local, Letart, Dry Run) that may have been impacted by plant operations. To accomplish this, the precision, accuracy, and completeness acceptance criteria required for the groundwater investigation are listed in Table 1. All measurement data will be calculated and reported in units consistent with specified methodologies (see Section 8.0) to ensure com parably ofhistorieal data. 4.2.2 Measurement System Characteristics Measurement system characteristics are considered to be key performance measures used to indicate that the laboratory is performing the referenced method correctly. These characteristics are range, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, The reporting range can be represented by the difference between the limit o f quantitation (LOQ) and the highest calibration standards analyzed, at which comparable precision and accuracy have been demonstrated. The reporting range o f the analytical method can be extended on a sample specific basis by dilution. Per the SOP, the reporting range for C-8 in water., without dilution, is 50 to 1000 nanograms/liter (ng/L). Sensitivity Sensitivity relates to the ability o f a measurement system to accurately measure the analyte or property o f interest over a range. Sensitivity is demonstrated for -8 by injection o f a calibration standard at the LOQ and five times the LOQ. In addition, a method detection limit (MDL) study per 40 CFR 136 is performed for each instrument used to analyze samples. Selectivity Selectivity is defined as a measurement system's ability to accurately discriminate the analyte o f concern from other analytes in the matrix that may interfere. Selectivity for C-8 is demonstrated by the presence in the chromatogram o f a peak of a daughter ion at 369 amu from a parent o f 413 amu. The 413-amu parent corresponds to the PFOA anion, while the daughter ion (369 amu) represents the loss o f carbon dioxide. This transition does not discriminate between linear and branched forms o f PFOA; therefore, both, if present, would be included in the calculation. Selectivity is further demonstrated by adequate instrument tunes, and by control o f the LC/MS/MS cone and quadruple voltages. -- --------------------- ---------- -- -------------------------- 1 WW QAPP rev3.doc May 7,03 W ilm ington. DE '" 9 EID 817280 E ID 817280 G roundwater investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Quality Assurance Objectives Accuracy Accuracy is the difference between the mean o f the test results for the analyte o f interest and the known value o f the analyte concentration or value. Accuracy o f the C-8 determination is demonstrated through the use o f matrix spikes with every field sample. Matrix spike recoveries must fell in the range o f 70 to 130%, unless the sample concentration is significantly higher than the spike concentration. In addition, results for laboratory method blanks must be less than the LOQ, Precision Precision is a measure o f the variability o f test results obtained from applying a measurement system to samples that are obstensibly the same. Per the SOP, every field sample is analyzed as a laboratory replicate in order to generate sample-specific precision data for analysis o f C-8, Precision is assessed during the analytical run sequence through analysis o f check standards. The check standard response must be within 15% o f the average response o f the equivalent concentration calibration standards. W W QAPP rev3.doc M ay. 7, 03 Wilmington, DE EID 817281 E ID 817281 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Sampling Procedures 5.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES Samples collected during this investigation will be analyzed for C-8 and will include drinking water, groundwater, and surface water. 5.1 Preliminary Activities The following preliminary activities will be completed before sampling personnel enter the field to ensure proper preparation for each sampling event; Coordination between sampling and laboratory personnel will be established so that sample integrity is retained at all times during the sampling event. The laboratory will be notified o f the upcoming sampling event so it can prepare the list o f parameters to be analyzed for each site, the replicate requirements, and the number o f extra bottles needed, if any, for quality control testing will be specified to the laboratory manager. All proper field forms (i.e., field logbooks, custody seals, and ehain-of-cuslody forms) will be prepared for use to enable proper documentation o f the sampling event. A preliminary inspection and calibration o f all field equipment will be performed to ensure accurate measurements o f field parameters (i.e., pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and temperature). All field personnel will be trained in the sampling protocols contained herein. The following steps will be performed before beginning each sampling event to ensure sampling is implemented correctly and safely: The sample location will be identified. 0 All equipment to be used during the sampling event will be inspected, pre cleaned, and decontaminated. Field meters to be used during sampling (i.e., pH and specific conductance meters) w ill be checked to ensure proper calibration and precision response. , Buffer and standard solutions will be laboratory checked to ensure their accuracy. All forms lo be used in the field (e.g., field logbook, chain-of-custody sheets) will be assembled. Sampling personnel will review' sampling protocols. In addition, health and safety protocols will be reviewed to help ensure that no injuries occur during the sampling event. The locations o f underground utilities will be determined and marked, as appropriate. Washington Works excavation or other permits, if necessary, will be obtained. W W QPP rev3.doc May 7 ,0 3 Wilminylon, DE EID 817282 E ID 817282 Groundw ater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Sampling Procedures 5.2 General Decontamination Procedures All equipment in direct contact with the material to be sampled will be decontaminated prior to sampling to prevent cross-contamination o f samples collected. In addition, care will be taken so as not to allow anything to come into contact with a sample or sample area, which may affect its composition. Sampling equipment will include bailers, tubing, and pumps. All o f these items will come in direct contact with the sample and have potential to impact analytical results. Therefore, care will be taken to ensure the cleanliness o f all sampling equipment. When possible, prc-clcancd or disposable sampling equipment will be used (c.g., bailers for sampling wells). Field decontamination will be permitted for bailers and pumps, provided the following method is applied: Wipe o ff any residual sludge or water with a Chem-wipe. Rinse the equipment with deionized water. Rinse the equipment with methanol. Place in zip-sealed bag until next use In addition to the decontamination procedures outlined above, the person collecting the sample will wear clean latex gloves and will limit his/her contact with the samples. Sample bottles and containers will be prepared by the contracted laboratory and will be sealed to ensure cleanliness. Sample bottles will not be cleaned in the field. A personnel decontamination area will be set up at each sample location prior to starting sampling activities. Procedures for the decontamination o f protective equipment and the removal o f respiratory and personal protection clothing to avoid transfer o f constituents from clothing to the body are discussed in the HASP. To the extent that it is economically feasible and technically acceptable, disposable personal protective equipment (PFE) will be used. Where the work scope restricts use o f disposable PPE, decontamination facilities will be provided. 5.3 Genera! Instructions For Water Sampling Water sample bottles will not be pre-rinsed with site water prior to sample collection. ' Gloves will be worn during sampling activities and replaced between' samples. All samples will be held chilled (not frozen to 6C) with wet ice from collection to shipping. In order to minimize the possibility o f introducing C-8 contamination into samples, the following protocol will be followed: Avoid glass. Avoid PTFE (Teflon). Avoid aluminum foil. Do not use Post-a-Notes. Q Avoid blue ice. W W Q A PPrev3.doc May 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, D E EXD817283 E ID S17283 Groundwater InvestigationQualityAssuranceProjectPlan Sampling Procedures Avoid pre-wrapped foods or snacks. Wear clothing that has been washed at least six times. Use only containers supplied by contract laboratory. The field team leader or a senior member o f the field team w ill be responsible for water sampling and laboratory coordination. The laboratory will provide necessary sample containers with the shipping containers (i.e., shuttles). Containers and arty preset-vattve added to the containers will be in accordance with EPA document SW-846 protocol. All samples requiring refrigeration will be shipped at approximately 4 C (not frozen to 6 C). Field equipment will consist o f some or all o f the following; P o ly e th y le n e collection bottles (laboratory provided) Q Field sampling record Sufficient ice to maintain the samples at approximately 4C (not frozen to 6 C) Methanol and deionizcd/distillcd water Conductivity meter, pH meter, temperature probe, Redox probe, dissolved oxygen probe, turbidity meter Q Glass beakers P1D and/or FID for organic vapor analysis Pumps and/or bailers for purging Rope Stainless-steel or polypropylene leader to attach rope to sampling device Bailers or other sampling devices (preferably dedicated or pre-eleaned) Preparing for sampling includes acquiring all ofthe necessary monitoring equipment listed above and site-specific information to perforai the required monitoring. 5,4 Drinking Water Sampling The following procedure will be followed during residential (tap) sampling. . 1. Locate an appropriate tap water source (prior to any treatment systems). 2. Wipe the tap water faucet and the exterior ofthe sampling bottle using a Chemwipc moistened with methanol. 3. Open the valve and allow water to ran for at least two minutes to flush the valve system and supply lines. 4. Remove the bottle cap, wipe the bottle lip using a Chem-wipe moistened with methanol, place the bottle under the tap, and fill. If the bottle will not fit under the tap faucet, then look for another appropriate source. Do not use a secondary container to fill the bottle. 5. Recap the sample bottle. , ----------- ------------- .......-- ----------- --------------- ---------- --- ------------ -- -- .... 13 WW QAPP rev3.doc May. 7,03 Wilmington, DE E ID B 17284 E ID 817284 Groundwater In v e s tig a te Quality Assurance Project Plan Sampling Procedures 6. Wipe the bottle using a Chem-wipe moistened with methanol and affix a sample label. 7. Place the sample in a cooler o f ice, 8. Complete the chain-of custody form. 5.5 Groundwater Sampling Groundwater will be sampled from residential and monitoring wells. Prior to initiating sampling activities at a given location (e.g., landfill), a complete round o f depth to water levels will be measured to the nearest one hundredth o f a foot. To the extent possible, monitoring wells will be purged and sampled beginning from the least suspected to most suspected contaminated well to minimize the potential for cross-contamination. Total well depths necessary to calculate the required pump placement will be tabulated and will accompany the sampling team in the field. Prior to sample acquisition, monitoring wells will be purged using a low flow protocol. The low-flow pump will be lowered gently and set at approximately the middle o f the screen. If the static water level is below' the top o f the screen, then the pump will be lowered to the middle o f the -water column. In either case, the pump intake will be placed a sufficient distance above the bottom o f the well to avoid mobilization o f any accumulated sediments. Well purging will begin at a rate o f 0.2 to 0.5 L/min. Water level in the well will be monitored during purging, and the purge rate will be lowered, if possible, if well drawdown is noted. During low flow purging, the water quality parameters pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), temperature, and turbidity will be monitored using a flow through cell. Purging is complete when all field parameters have stabilized (variations in values are within 10 percent o f each other for three consecutive readings taken 3 to 5 minutes apart). Once field parameters have stabilized, samples will be collected directly from the end o f the discharge tube. Alternatively, flow flow purging is not practical due to field conditions, monitoring wells will be evacuated to a minimum o f three volumes o f water standing in the well casing. The depth o f the purge pump intake will depend on well yields. The ideal intake will be at the static water level in the well. The pump intake will be adjusted as the water level responds to pumping. Shallow wells whose screened interval extends above the water table and cannot be purged o f three well volumes due to slow recovery rates will be pumped dry and allowed to recover before sampling. The water level in deeper wells will be pumped to just above the screened interval and will be allowed to recover before sampling. If standard purge protocols are to be used, measurements o f pH and specific conductance will be collected during well purging, and well evacuation will stop when at least three volumes are evacuated and three consecutive readings o f pH and specific conductance have stabilized within 10 percent. Pre-cleaned or dedicated, 1Vi-inch-diameter, bottom-loading bailers will be used to collect grab groundwater samples for transfer into the proper sample containers if W W QAPP rev3.doc May. 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE EID 817285 E ID 817285 G roundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Sampling Procedures standard purge protocols are used. Monofilament polypropylene or stainless steel wire leaders attached to nylon or polypropylene rope will he used to raise and lower the bailer. The bailer will be lowered to the screened interval for sample collection. If well yields are low at the site, the samples will be collected at or near the screen as the well recovers and provides a sufficient volume for sample collection. Each o f the wells exhibiting suitable recovery will be sampled within two hours o f evacuation. Sample containers will be filled to at least the container shoulder. Alter the sample containers are filled, they will be labeled appropriately and placed in a sample shuttle containing ice or ice packs. Samples requiring refrigeration for preservation will be stored at approximately 4C (not frozen to 6C) during storage and shipment. The following procedure will be followed during groundwater sampling: 1. Wipe the exterior o f the sampling bottle using a Chem-wipe moistened with methanol. 2. Remove the bottle cap, wipe the bottle lip using a Chem-wipe moistened with methanol, and fill from the bailer or hose. Do not use a secondary container to fill the bottle. 3. Recap the sample bottle. 4. Wipe the bottle using a Chem-wipe moistened with methanol and affix a sample label. 5. Place the sample in a cooler o f ice. 6. Complete the chain-0 f custody form. 5,6 Surface Water Sampling The following procedure will be followed during groundwater sampling: 1. Wipe the exterior o f the sampling bottle using a Chcm-wipc moistened with methanol. 2. Submerge the sample bottle below the water surface and unscrew the bottle cap. 3. Fill the water bottle by turning the bottle parallel to the water surface and slowing rotating so that the mouth o f the bottle is up right. This procedure will ensure that water from the surface microlayer is not pulled into the sample bottle. 4. Recap the sample bottle under water. 5. Wipe the bottle using a Chem-wipe moistened with methanol and affix a sample label. 6. Place the sample in a cooler o f ice. 7. Complete the chain-of custody form. W W QAPP rev3.doc May 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, D E ID 817286 EID 8172B6 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project R a n Sampling Procedures 5.7 Disposable Equipment All disposable equipment and other materials that are not decontaminated for reuse will be disposed o f in an acceptable manner. W W QAPP rev3.doc May. 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE EID 817287 E ID 817287 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan SaiUpIs and DoCUItlSflt Custody FrOCSdurSS 6.0 SAMPLE AND DOCUMENT CUSTODY PROCEDURES Sample chain-of-custody will be initiated in most cases by the laboratory with the selection and preparation o f sample containers. To reduce the chance for error, the number o f personnel assuming custody o f the samples and sample containers will be held to a minimum. On-site monitoring and sampling data will be controlled and entered onto appropriate records. Personnel involved in the chain-of-custody and transfer o f samples will be trained on the procedures and their importance and purpose prior to sampling initiation. 6.1 Field Sample Custody A chain-of-custody form will accompany the sample container from the initial sample container selection and preparation at the laboratory to sample collection and preservation in the field to the return o f the samples to the laboratory. The chain-ofcustody form will trace the path o f each individual sample container by means o f a unique identification number. When requested, sample designation/location numbers will be pre-printed by the laboratory on the chain-of-custody form and bottle labels. The project manager or field team leader will notify the laboratory o f upcoming field sampling activities and the subsequent transfer o f samples to the laboratory. This notification will include information concerning the number and type o f samples to be shipped as well as the anticipated date o f arrival. Sample shipping containers (i,e., shuttles) will be provided by the laboratory. The shipping containers will be insulated. A sample container partially filled with water will be included in each shuttle to serve as a temperature blank. All sample bottles within each shipping container will be individually controlled and labeled. Sample identification labels will be provided by the laboratory. All sample bottle labels will include the following information: U Site name Sample number u Analysis required Preservatives . Personnel receiving the sample containers will verify the integrity o f the seals on each cooler. Shuttles with broken seals will be returned to the laboratory with the contents unused, assuming the cooler is intact. The receiving personnel will break the seal, inspect the contents for breakage, and sign the chain-of-custody form to certify receipt o f the sample containers. A temporary seal then will be affixed to each cooler. Once sample containers are filled, they will be placed immediately in the cooler on ice to maintain the samples at approximately 4C (not frozen to 6C). The field sampler will indicate the sample designation/location number in the space provided on the chain-ofcustody form for each sample, unless chain-of-custody forms are preprinted. Date and time o f sample collection will be entered by the field sampler. The chain-of-custody forms will be signed and placed in the cooler. The samples should be shipped to the W W QAPP fev3.doc May. 7, 03 Wilmington, D E 17 E ID 817288 EXDS17288 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Sample and Document Custody Procedures laboratory on the same day as they were collected and will be delivered to the laboratory no later than 72 hours after sample collection. The cooler with samples will be shipped to the laboratory using an overnight express service. The "remarks" column o f the chain-of-custody form will be used to record specific considerations associated with sample acquisition such as sample type, container type, sample preservation methods, analysis to be performed, and the possible need to dilute the sample due to indication o f high levels o f contamination. The source o f reagents, field blank water, and supplies will be documented on the chain-of-custody form or the field notebook. The laboratory will maintain a file o f the completed original forms. Copies will be submitted as part o f the final analytical report. If samples are split and sent to different laboratories, each sample will receive a unique chain-of-custody form. 6.2 Laboratory Sample Custody Receiving, storing, and tracking samples submitted to the laboratory will be conducted according to laboratory SOPs intended to ensure that invalid laboratory data resulting from sample contamination, loss, deterioration, or tampering has not occurred. Internal laboratory chain-of-custody procedures will follow laboratory SOPs. W W Q A P P re v 3 .d o c May 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE 18 EID8X7289 EXD817289 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Calibration Procedures and Frequency 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY A calibration program will be implemented to ensure that routine calibration and maintenance is performed on all field instruments. Field team members familiar with field calibrations and equipment operations will maintain instrument proficiency by performing the prescribed calibration procedures outlined in the operation and field manuals accompanying the field monitoring instruments. Air monitoring instruments (e.g., P1D) used in the field to collect data for sample screening and health and safety purposes w ill be calibrated each day prior to the initiation o f fieldwork using the manufacturer's instructions. The instruments will be calibrated using appropriate zero and indicator gases. The pH, conductivity, and temperature meters will be calibrated prior to each day's use according to the manufacturer's instructions. More frequent calibrations will be performed as necessary to maintain analytical integrity. The pH meter will be calibrated at a minimnm o f two values that bracket the anticipated pH values o f the samples to be analyzed and that are three pH units or more apart. The conductivity meter will be calibrated using a standard solution o f known conductivity. Following calibration, each instrument will be tagged identifying the person who calibrated the instrument and the calibration date. Calibration records for each field instrument used during the investigation will be maintained, and copies o f the records will be stored in the project QA files. An example form record (for the PID) is presented as Figure 2. Calibration o f the liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) and ) other analytical equipment will be performed according to laboratory SOPs. Mass calibration checks meeting criteria must be performed. The correlation coefficient (R) for calibration curves generated for C-8 analysis must be >0.992 (R >0.985). If calibration results do not meet the criteria listed in the SOP, then appropriate steps must be taken to adjust instrument operation, and the standards or the relevant set o f samples should be reanalyzed. WW QAPP rev3.doc May. 7.03 Wilmington, D E EIDB17290 E ID 817290 Groundw ater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Analytical Procedures 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Drinking water, groundwater, surface water and samples collected at Washington Works will be analyzed by a DuPont-approved laboratory for C-8. 0 8 , or ammonium pcrfluoroodanoatc (APFO) forms pcrfluorooctanoie acid (PFOA)in aqueous solution, PFOA is extracted from water using C]8 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges Quantitation o f PFOA is accomplished by LC/MS/MS analysis using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Levels o f PFOA found are mathematically converted and reported as APFO. Chemical parameters, sample containers, holding times, and preservatives are presented in Table 2, The analytical procedure used by the laboratory will be consistent with applicable laboratory SQPs as specified in Table 3. Quantitative reporting threshold limits are sample dependent and may vary as the sample matrix varies. Factors inlluencmg the threshold limits include sample matrix, interferences, and high concentrations o f analytes. The LOQ to be reported for C-8 analysis is 50 ng/L. The LOQ was determined based on an evaluation o f the concentration o f interest and laboratory background concentrations and is intended to enable the data user to make technically correct decisions for the purposes o f the groundwater investigation. The actual LOQs may vary from sample to sample in accordance with the standard laboratory practices (e.g., dilution resulting from high analyte concentration). W W Q APP revS.dOS M ay. 7 , 0 3 Wilmington. DE EID 817291 EID8X7291 Groundwater Invesllgalion Quality Assurance Pro]eel Plan Data Reduction, Verification and Reporting 9.0 d a t a r e d u c t io n , v e r if ic a t io n a n d r e p o r t in g 9.1 Data Reduction Data reduction involves the process o f generating qualitative and quantitative sample information through observations, field procedures, analytical measurements, and calculations. Data reduction occurs through U The work plan through sample locations and naming conventions. The field sampling process by using field logs and field measurements. Field communications with the laboratory in sample analysis requests. Field operations with collection, preservation, and chain-of-custody documentation. Laboratory operations with sample receipt and handling, sample preparation and analysis, collation o f raw data, and generation o f laboratory results. O Post-laboratory operations with the collation o f analytical results in a format suitable for documents such as reports, maps, and trend plots. Data reduction steps include field operations, laboratory operations, and report preparation operations. Specific QC measures developed to ensure accuracy throughout the data reduction process arc described in Sections 11.0 and 13.0, 9.2 Data Verification Data verification is the process o f verifying that qualitative and quantitative information generated relative to a given sample is complete and accurate. All 0 -8 data will be reviewed tor compliance with the laboratory SOP and usability according to a prepared checklist (see Appendix A). Ten percent o f the data points will be validated by a third party reviewer, such as ESI, for compliance with the laboratory SOP and data usability. Region III Modifications to the National Functional Guidelines will be used as a guide for report formatting and ' application o f qualifiers. Validation will take place concurrent with data reporting in order to expedite reporting o f C-8 results. A formal report will be generated by the validator, which will include judgments on data usability and data qualifiers applied by the validator. This report will he forwarded to the GIST. 9.3 Data Reporting The laboratory will report C-8 results to three significant figures. C-8 results will be reported to the LOQ. Reported concentrations will not be corrected for contaminants found in associated method and field blanks. Deliverables will include a narrative and appropriate laboratory raw data and QC Summary forms. W W QAPP rev3.doc May. 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE EID 817292 E ID 817292 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Data Reduction, Verification and Reporting The laboratory will report C-8 results tor a laboratory replicate o f each field sample. These results w ill be evaluated for precision by comparing the field sample result to the corresponding laboratory replicate result. If both results are less than the LOQ, the replicate sample for that analyte is considered to have passed the precision criteria. I f one or both results is between one and five times the LOQ, the replicate is considered to have met the criteria if the two results differ by less than the LOQ, I f one result is less than the LOQ and the other is not, and if the two results differed by a value less than the LOQ, the replicate is said to have met the acceptance criteria. Finally, if both results are at least five times the LOQ, the replicate is considered to have met the criteria if the relative percent difference (RPD) between the two results is less than or equal to 20%. RPD is the absolute value o f the difference o f two measurements divided by their average. When the precision criteria outlined above is met, DuPont will report the average ctfthe field sample and lab replicate results reported by the laboratory. If criteria for precision is exceeded, the higher o f the sample and lab replicate results will be reported by DuPont, Finally, when one result (from the sample/lab replicate pair) is above the LOQ and one below, the result which is above the LOQ will be reported. C-8 results will be recorded in the Corporate Environmental Database (CED) and reported as FC-143 for consistency with historical results. W W Q APP rev3.doc May. 7, 03 Wilmington. DE E ID 817293 E ID 817293 Groundwater Investigation Quality assurance Project Plan Internal Quality Control Checks 10.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS As part o f the QA program, samples will be collected and prepared to provide control over the collection o f environmental measurements and subsequent review, interpretation, and validation o f generated analytical data. Two types o f QA samples will be prepared or collected: field (c.g., equipment rinsatc) blanks and duplicate (i.e., replicate) samples. The two types o f QA samples are discussed in more detail below. Split samples n a y also be collected by third parties, as discussed below. 10.1 Field Blanks Field blanks will be collected during sampling o f drinking water, groundwater, and surface water. These blanks will provide a check on possible sources of contamination such as sample bottle preparation, blank water quality, and sample handling. Field blanks also will be used to indicate potential contamination from ambient air or sampling equipment used to colled and transfer samples. Field blanks will be collected using two identical sets o f pre-cleaned sample containers. One set o f containers w ill be empty and will serve as the sample containers to analyze. The second set o f containers will be filled at the laboratory with laboratory-demonstrated analytc-frcc water. The water will originate from one common source and physical location within the laboratory and will be the same water as the method blank water used by the laboratory. Field blanks will be handled, transported, and analyzed in the same manner as the samples acquired that day. Alter sampling at the suspected most impacted field location, analyte-free water will be rinsed over decontaminated sampling equipment and placed in the empty sample container for analysis (it may be necessary for the laboratory to provide extra water to ensure sufficient volume o f blank water to eliminate headspace). The rationale for collecting equipment rinsate samples at the suspected most impacted area is to simulate a worst-case scenario regarding sampling equipment cross contamination and ambient air contributions to sample contamination. When there is no sampling equipment to be rinsed, as for tap water sampling, a bottle to bottle transfer o f the blank water will take place in order to collect a field blank sample. Field blanks will return to the laboratory with the same set o f sample bottles they accompanied to the field, Other guidelines for the use and integrity o f field blanks include: . O Field blanks should not be held on-site for more than four calendar days. The clock governing holding times for the field blank will begin at the time o f sample collection when analyzed using EPA document SW-846 protocoL Field blanks will be collected and analyzed at a rate o f at least one per day and at a rate o f one in 20 (minimum o f one per day) samples. Field blanks will be analyzed for the same parameters for which the environmental samples collected that day are analyzed. W W QAPP rev3.doc Way. 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, D 6 E ID B 17294 E ID 817294 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Projeet Plan Internal Quality Control Checks 10.2 Duplicate Samples Collecting duplicate samples allows the evaluation o f the laboratory's performance by comparing the analytical results o f two samples from the same location. Duplicates will be collected for aqueous and soil matrix samples at a rate o f 5 percent. Duplicates will be labeled as independent samples (i.e,, blind duplicates) so that the samples will not be identified as duplicates by the laboratory. Duplicates o f aqueous samples (surface and groundwater) will be obtained by alternately filling sample containers from the sampling device for each parameter. VOC sample containers, if any, will be filled from the same aqueous sample retrieval and will be the first set o f containers filled. If sample bottles are filled directly, then the sample container for each set o f parameters will be alternately filled. Procedures for collecting drinking water, groundwater, and surface water samples are provided in Sections 5.3 through 5.6 o f this QAPP. Although moisture content, particle size, and adsorption properties o f various soils inhibit the ability to achieve replicability, soil duplicate samples may also be collected. Sample locations for duplicate soil samples will be selected to ensure collection o f representative samples and sufficient sample volume to fulfill all QA/QC protocols. 10.3 Split Samples To maintain the integrity o f any samples split with other parties, primary contractor personnel and sampling equipment will be used to collect all samples. Other parties, if any, will provide their own equipment (e.g., sample containers, blank containers, preservatives, chain-of-custody forms) and will adhere to the protocols outlined in this QAPP. W W QAPP rev3.doc May. 7 ,0 3 Wilminglon, DE EID 817295 E ID 817295 Groundwater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Performance and System Audits 11.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS QA auditing will be performed under the direction and approval o f the QA officer. The QA officer will plan, schedule, and approve system and performance (i.e., field) audits based on procedures tailored to project requirements. These audits will be implemented to verify, document, and enforce project performance objectives and subcontractor personnel and measurement system(s) protocols. At times, the QA officer may request additional personnel with specific expertise from within the company and/or project groups to assist in conducting the audit(s). An audit checklist is presented as Figure 3. Unannounced audits will be performed as deemed necessary by the QA officer. The field audit will be conducted while measurement systems are operational, if possible. Audit reports will be written by the auditor after gathering and evaluating all resulting data. Noncompliances will be logged, documented, and controlled through audit findings, which arc attached to and made a part or the audit report. These audit finding forms will be directed to the project manager to resolve the noncompliance in a specified and timely manner. All audit reports, audit findings, and acceptable resolutions will be approved by the QA officer prior to being issued. QA verification o f acceptable resolutions may be determined by a re-audit or documented surveillance o f the item or activity. Upon verification acceptance, the QA officer will close out the audit report and findings. Copies o f all audit reports and audit findings will be maintained as part o f the project file, W W Q A P P rev3.doc M ay. ?, 03 Wilmington, DE E ID 817296 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Preventative Maintenance 12.0 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE All field equipment will be subjected to a routine maintenance program before and after each use. The routine maintenance program for each piece o f equipment will be in accordance with the manufacturer's operations and maintenance manual. All equipment will be cleaned and checked for integrity after each use. Repairs will be performed immediately after any defects are observed and before the item o f equipment is used again. Equipment parts with a limited life (e.g., such as batteries, membranes, and some electronic components) will be periodically checked and replaced or recharged as necessary according to the manufacturer's specifications. Each piece o f field equipment will have its own log sheet that contains the equipment identification number, information on maintenance procedures, and the date and nature o f the last maintenance. Since most equipment will be used on an irregular, as-needed basis, all equipment will be properly stored when not in use. Laboratory equipment maintenance will be regularly performed by the subcontracted laboratory. It will be the laboratory's responsibility to maintain and document the maintenance o f properly functioning equipment so that the data is usable and reproducible. Upon request a description o f the laboratory's equipment, maintenance procedures will be provided by the subcontracted laboratory. WW Q A P P fev3.doc M ay. 7 , 0 3 Wilmington, DE 26 E ID 817297 E ID 817297 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Data Measurement Assessment Procedures 13.0 DATA MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES The DQOs for the Washington Works groundwater investigation were established in terms o f representativeness, comparability, precision, accuracy, and completeness o f the data set. The laboratory analysis SOP will be used to specify the quality o f data and define the analytical techniques required to produce the DQOs. The laboratory analysis SOP provides an assessment o f the laboratory's analytical capabilities and staff qualifications to perform the specified level o f quality. The appropriate laboratory QC procedure is specified in each analytical method. 13.1 Representativeness Representativeness expresses the degree to which data accurately and precisely represents a measured characteristic o f a population, parameter variations at the sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition. The degree o f representativeness is dependent on the objectives o f the measurement results. Thus, representativeness can be classified into the following four objective levels: Level 1 Sample is only representative o f the point o f sampling (e.g., drum, storage tank, and single point within a stream or land area) Level! . Sample is part o f a set and represents a defined area or portion o f land or water not just the point o f sampling (e.g., stream transect, sampling grid o f a land area, underground aquifer) Level 3 ,, Sample represents a relationship between the source o f contamination and the location sampled (e.g., source and monitoring well, source and stream) u Level 4 Sample is a nonrepresentative sample used for assessment purposes only (e.g., preliminary assessment, spot cheek) The objective o f the sampling, monitoring, and analysis will be that results are representative o f the medium investigated (e.g., soil, water) and its condition to a degree consistent with the desired objective level. Objective levels 1,2, and 3 as described above will be used to accomplish the Washington Works groundwater investigation objectives. 13.2 Comparability For this project, all measurement data will be calculated and reported in units consistent with standard practice to allow comparability o f new and future data. Data comparability also includes seasonal trends. The groundwater investigation will use results generated by appropriate laboratory SOPs. The current and future use o f these methods will allow data produced during the W W Q A PPrev3.doc May 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE E ID 817298 E ID 817298 i firoundwatarinvestigationQualityAsuranceprojecipian Data Measurement Assessment Procedures groundwater investigation to be comparable to data generated during subsequent sampling and analysis programs. 13.3 Precision Precision means the measurement o f agreement o f a set o f replicate results among themselves without assuming any prior information as to the true result. Precision will be quantitatively assessed by evaluating relative percent difference values for field duplicates and laboratory replicates. To determine the precision o f the analytical method, a program o f replicate analyses will be followed. The laboratory will split a sample into two subsamples and analyze each independently at the frequency listed in the appropriate method. A comparison o f results o f field duplicates will assist in evaluating the overall representativeness o f the data. The results o f the replicate analysis will be used to calculate the QC parameter [relative percent difference (RPD)] for precision evaluation. The following equation is used to calculate RPD: RPD " lD, + D) / 2 ** xlOO where, D, is defined as the first subsample value D2 is defined as the second subsample value i The frequency o f laboratory replicates is described in the laboratory SOP. In addition to evaluating the method precision, duplicate or split samples will be collected in the field and analyzed independently. These results will be used to evaluate the total system's variability, including sampling variations. The identity o f the field splits will not be known by laboratory personnel. The analytical precision produced by laboratory replicate analyses will be evaluated by both the laboratory and DuPont, while field splits will be evaluated only by DuPont, The evaluation o f both types o f data will be in accordance with the referenced SOP and this plan. ' 13.4 Accuracy Accuracy means the nearness o f a result or the mean o f a set o f results to the true value. Accuracy is assessed by means o f reference samples and percent recoveries. Accuracy for this project will be quantitatively assessed by evaluating relative percent recoveries o f items such as matrix spike and laboratory control spike samples. Accuracy will be qualitatively assessed by evaluating instrument performance checks and field blanks. To determine the accuracy o f an analytical method, a program o f sample spiking will be followed. The spiking frequency will be as stated in the referenced SOP. The results o f sample spiking will be used to calculate the QC parameter (i.e,, percent recovery) for accuracy evaluation. W W QAPP rev3.doc May. 7, 03 VVHminglOD, DE E ID 817299 E ID 817299 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Data Measurement Assessment Procedures The following equation will be used: %R,,ecovery = SSR - SR ------------- - xlOO SA where, SSR = Spiked sample result SR = Sample result SA = Spike added The frequency for the spiking is per the laboratory SOP. 13.5 Completeness The objective o f the groundwater investigation sampling and analysis program is to characterize waters at Washington Works and associated landfills. The completeness goals to meet this objective are listed in Table 1, Completeness will be determined following periodic evaluation o f the accuracy and precision results o f the project data sets. Valid Data x 100 = % Complete Total Data Generated Usable data will be determined in accordance with the referenced method (see Section 9,0), The percent complete will he used to determine whether the data quality meets the objectives for the groundwater investigation. I f the completeness objectives are not met for individual parameters, the reasons tor the invalid data will be reviewed by DuPont. Depending on the reasons (e.g., holding time exceeded) and the effect o f the incomplete data on the accomplishment o f the groundwater investigation objectives, additional samples may be collected and analyzed. This subjective evaluation will also be conducted if a sample does not generate data C-8. Such a data gap could result from sample container loss or sample custody not being maintained. I f it is determined by DuPont that the missing results are critical to accomplishing the objectives (e.g., a groundwater sample to be used for risk assessment purposes is lost) additional sampling will be performed to obtain the missing data. W W Q A PPrev3.doc May. 7 ,0 3 Wilmington, DE 29 E ID 8 1 7 3 Q 0 EID8173 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Corrective Action Approach 14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION APPROACH The following procedures have been established to ensure conditions adverse to quality, such as equipment malfunctions, performance deficiencies, deviations, and errors, are promptly investigated, documented, evaluated, and corrected. These conditions may be noted during the field audit, field activities, data reduction and evaluation, and/or validation o f laboratory reports. When a significant condition adverse to quality is noted in the field, in the laboratory, or at the office, the cause o f the condition will be determined, and corrective action will be initiated by the QA officer to preclude repetition. The nature and cause of the condition, reference documents, and planned corrective actions will he documented and reported to the field team leader, project manager, QA officer, and involved subcontractor management, as appropriate. Implementation o f the corrective action will be documented by the QA officer. All project personnel are responsible, as part o f their standard work duties, to promptly identify and report conditions adverse to quality and implement the appropriate corrective action. Corrective actions wifi be initiated, at a minimum, when: Procedures or data are determined to be suspect; all field and laboratory procedures that are not conducted according to the groundwater investigation plan and the guidance documents cited therein wifi be considered suspect. Data generated by these procedures will be considered suspect. Equipment or instrumentation is found to be faulty; equipment or instrumentation that does not operate according to manufacturer's specifications and/or does not properly calibrate wifi be considered faulty. Representativeness o f samples and test results is questionable; results that conflict with on-site observations, other laboratory results, or historical and background data will be considered questionable. Questionable results will be considered nonrepresentative o f the conditions present at the sampling location. Quality assurance requirements have been violated. Design approvals have been circumvented. Field audits and/or management assessments result in the determination that corrective actions are necessary. 14.1 Corrective Action Procedure Description The project manager wifi use appropriate staff such as field staff, QA auditors, document and sample control personnel, and laboratory groups to monitor ongoing work performance in the normal course o f daily responsibilities. The QA officer or designated auditors wifi review (audit) field activities, laboratory reports, and office records. Items, activities, or documents that are in noncompliance WW QAPP rev3.doc May 7. 03 Wilmington, DE E X D 8173Q 1 E ID 817301 G roundwater Investigation Q uality Assurance Project Plan Corrective Action Approach with QA requirements will be documented, and corrective action will be implemented. All findings will be logged, maintained, and controlled by the QA officer. A corrective action request (CAR), presented as Figure 4, will be used to identify the adverse condition, the reference document(s), and the recommendation o f corrective actions) to be implemented. The CAR will be sent to the person responsible for the item or activity requiring action. The individual receiving the CAR will implement the recommended corrective action o f an equivalent corrective action and return the completed form promptly to the QA/QC officer after affixing his/her signature and date. The QA o fficer will maintain a status control log o f CARs and responses, confirm the adequacy o f the intended corrective action, and verify implementation o f the corrective action. At a minimum, the QA officer wilt issue and distribute CARs to the originator, project manager, and involved personnel (including subcontractors). CARs wiU he maintained in the project file. It will be the project manager's overall responsibility to ensure that all corrective actions are acted upon promptly and satisfactorily. WWQAPPrev3.doc May. 7,03 Wilmington. PE SID 817302 E ID 817302 Groundwater Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Quality AsSUfanCB RepOftS to Management 15.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT Periodic reports detailing the results ofQA/QC activities described in previous sections (see Section 9.0,11.0, and 14.0) will be submitted to the project director through the project manager as required. These documents will include reports on: Significant deviations from protocol as stated in the QAPP. Field system and performance audits. Laboratory system and performance audits. Q Corrective action and follow-up. WW QAPP rev3.doc May. 7, 03 Wilrnlnglon, D E ID 817303 E ID 817303 TABLES E ID 817304 E ID 817304 DUPONT WASHINGTON WORKS GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION PRECISION, ACCURACY, AND COMPLETENESS OBJECTIVES FOR WATER SAMPLES *also known as FC-143 or ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO). ` ` Completeness objective may be 100% for designated sampling events. 5/7/2003 Page I QAPPtblrev .xlsTable E ID 817305 E X D 817305 Table 2 DUPONT WASHINGTON WORKS GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION SUMMARY OF HOLDING TIMES AND PRESERVATION FOR WATER SAMPLES also known as FC-143 or ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO). All samples are to be stored at nominal 4"C (not frozen to 6C). P t=Polyethylene 5/7/2003 Page 1 QAPPtblrevxisTuhle 2 E ID 817306 E ID 817306 Table 3 DUPONT WASHINGTON WORKS GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY WATER SAMPLES also known as FC-143 or ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO). ' Methods are from laboratory SOP. 5/7/2003 Page 1 QAPPtblrev.xlsTable 3 E ID 817307 ED8173Q7 FIGURES E ID 8173Q S E ID 817308 Figuro 1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION DIAGRAM /- ' ...... N UR.SD Project Geologist / -- >| (Contractor) Laboratory Project Manager Contractor Field Technical Staff Poiesta &. Associates (Laboratory) Operating Manager (Laboratory) QA Manager Laboratory Staff ___ Lin* Of authority ----- Line o f communication (Laboratory) Sample Custodian E ID 817309 E ID 817309 Figure 2 DAILY INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION CHECK SHEET Quality Assurance Project Plan DuPont Washington Works Groundwater Investigation INSTRUMENT; SERIAL NO.; _ E ID 817310 E ID 817310 Figure 3 AUDIT CHECKLIST Quality Assurance Project Plan DuPont Washington Works Groundwater Investigation PROJECT: PROJECT MANAGER: ,, SITE LOCATION: _________ __ AUDITOR: ...................... ............ DATE: _____________ _____ _ Q uestion :' l . f M f c 1* ' 1 ! ' 1 . ' I, Was an on-site safety officer appointed? 2. Did site personnel receive a copy o f the site-specific sampling and analytical plan in a timely manner to allow for sufficient review? 3. Are copies available in the field during sampling? 4. Was a briefing held off site, before any site work was begun, to acquaint personnel with sampling equipment, assign field responsibilities, and review safety procedures? 5. Do field personnel have a field notebook? 6, Are the site survey grid stakes present? 7. Do the number and location o f samples collected follow the procedures as specified in the site-specific sampling and analysis plan? 8, Are samples labeled? 9. Are samples being collected following the procedures? 10, Was a chain-of-custody form filled out for all samples collected? j 1, Are samples preserved as specified? 12. Are the number, frequency, and type o f samples (including blanks and duplicates) collected as described in the sampling analysis plan? 13. Are the number, frequency, and type o f measurements and observations taken as specified in the site-specific sampling and analysis plan? Y es 1 No ' G om m ent/D ocum entatiun , , V -tfiMbl s- i f i - M.-*__ * . . r ,, , * * * Page I o f2 E ID 817311 E ID 817311 Figure 3 AUDIT CHECKLIST (Continued) P~V tig ! P fg ld * i I 11 p . V 5i{. 1 ^ 1 t V 14. Are operating procedures for field equipment available? 15. Is a record maintained o f the calibration o f field equipment? 16. Is field equipment being calibrated as required? 17. Are geophysical cross sections correlated to geologic data? IS. Is safety equipment being used by field personnel? 19. Is emergency safety equipment available as required in the health and safety plan? 20. Arc well designations clearly labeled (i.e,, well numbers)? 21. Are caps on wells locked if not being used? Yes !| 1 Coininent/Ddcmnenietion , 1 1 !i , | .. f Page 2 of2 E ID 817312 E ID 817312 Figure 4 CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUEST Quality Assurance Project Plan DuPont Washington Works Groundwater Investigation Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -- _ = -- --------- D a te :_ ........_ ................. -- To: _____________________ ____ _______ -- You are hereby requested to take corrective actions indicated below and as otherwise determined by you (A) to resolve the noted condition and (B) prevent it from reoccwring. Your written response is to be returned to the project quality assurance officer b y ______ ____ ____________ -- --------------------------- ------------------- ----- -- ' Condition: Reference Documents: ________-- Recommended Corrective Actions:, Originator (A) Resolution: Date Approval Date Corrective Action Approval (B l) Prevention; (B2) Affected Documents: Signature:, Date:, EID817313 E ID 817313 APPENDICES E ID B 17314 E ID 817314 FC-143 Data Package Review Location Lab - Exygen Research Jobname Lab Report No, - page 1 o f 3 NARRATIVE - confirm target compound is APFO, review text against SOP for sample prep/analysis, note if QC criteria not being met RESULTS SUMMARY **attach a copy o f results summary to this document Confirm sample results reported as APFO (QC samples, raw data may show PFOA) Evaluate precision for each sample and lab rep pair - i f both results > 5X LOQ calculate RPD, compare to 20% (40% for solids); i f either or both results ate < 5 X LOQ, calculate difference (using LOQ for non detects) and compare to LOQ (2X LOQ for solids) If precision criteria met, report average o f sample/lab rep; if precision criteria not met, or if one result above and one below LOQ, report the higher o f the two results MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERY - spike recovery must meet criteria (70 130%) unless sample concentration is > 4X spike concentration. Spike value is 500 500,000 ng/L. COC REVIEW/SAMPLE RECEIPT Samples relinquished by field Samples received at lab next day Samples packed in wet ice Sample temperature upon receipt (not frozen to 6 C) HOLD TIME - 14 days from date o f collection to analysis date FC143 data review rev2.doc ID 817315 E ID 817315 F C -143 Data Package Review page! of 3 LocationLab - Exygen Research Jobname ^ ePort N a ' RUN SEQUENCE - check raw data report Initial 6 point calibration Each standard repeated during sequence Check standard (250 ppt) within 15% o f average response for 250 ppt calibration standards LCS @ LOQ (recovery should be 70-130%) LCS @ 10X LOQ (recovery should be 70-130%) Recalculate one or more results METHOD BLANKS - less than LOQ LC/MS/MS OPERATING CONDITIONS LM7HM Res 1 - should be 13 -14 LM/HM Res 2 - should be 11-14, not greater than LM/HM Res 1 Cone voltage - should be 10 Scanning method - 413-360 transition MASS CALIBRATION Confirm sample analysis within one week o f mass calibration meeting criteria All masses must be found within 0.2 amu ol known masses INITIAL CALIBRATION - initial 6 standar ds, with no weighting Correlation coefficient R > 0.992 Coefficient o f determination RJ > 0.985 FC143 data review rev2.doc E ID B 17316 E ID 817316 FC-143 Data Fackage Review Location Lab - Exygen Research Jobname Lab Report No, - page 3 of 3 CONTINUING CALIBRATION - all standards, with Nx weighting, no e than two standards excluded R52.0.9S5 RETENTION TIMES - no more than 2% drift during run sequence COMMENTS Reviewer - Date * F C H 3 data review rev2.doc E ID 817317 E ID 817317