Document 5Dzgk5LRDadNxvBRaLOEoQ1EJ
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Interoffice Communication
to G. G. Draper From D. E. Michels Date May 8, 1974 Subject Control of Vinyl Chloride Emissions and Employee Exposure During Ship Loading
During Vinyl Chloride ship loading there are eleven specific Maintenance and Operating functions which result in emissions of and worker exposure to Vinyl Chloride. Current procedures and equipment must be modified if VCM exposures are to be reduced to acceptable levels.
The eleven specific operations associated with the VCM emissions are:
1. Vent hose connection on ship 2. Loading hose connection on ship 3. Blind removal of vent hose at dock 4. Blind removal of loading hose at dock 5. Heel sampling of VCM from ship 6. Final sampling of VCM from ship 7. Hydroquinone addition 8. Vent hose disconnect at ship 9. Loading hose disconnect at ship 10. Vent hose blinding on dock 11. Loading hose blinding on dock
Attached are recommendations on each of the above items. Also included is a discussion of the specific problem, description and specification of new equipment, and a complete procedure recommendation. Please review these ideas and return your comments and suggestions to me as soon as possible.
Douglas Michels
vd Enclosures cc: RDG:RHG:GGD(5):JRH(4):CEG:JCL:DCS:JSR:PLF(2)
Item No. 1 and Item No. 2 Vent Hose Connection on Ship Loading Hose Connection on Ship
Discussion
The connection of the vent hose onto the ship is done prior to Nitrogen purging of the vessel. This hose is then subsequently used for purging.
Figure 1 illustrates the recommended procedure. A similar procedure was used during hose disconnect on May 2, 1974. The resulting VCM emissions were extremely low.
The same procedure is applicable for connection of the loading hose onto the ship. The emissions from this source will be controlled through this procedure to acceptable worker exposure levels.
Use of the similar procedure during the May 2, 1974 loading resulted in Vinyl con centrations below lOppm at the worker breathing zones. If the indicated procedure is followed and if further monitoring continues to indicate low Vinyl concentrations, the use of Breathing Air during this operation can be eliminated.
The principal disadvantage to this procedure is that it pulls air into the vent along with the Vinyl Chloride. Calculations indicate it is likely that Vinyl vapor concen trations in the spool pieces will be at all times below any explosive range. This will be a side result of the purging of the spool piece.
The following fable indicates the theoretical evidence of the above statement.
At End of Purge No.
Vapor VCM Concentration at 100% Purge EFF.(ppm)
Vapor VCM Concentration at 50% Purge EFF.(ppm)
0 1,000,000 1 227,202 2 51,621 3. 11,728 4 2,665 5 605 6 138 7 31 87 92 10 0.4
1,000,000 613,601 376,506 231,025 141,757 86,982 53,372 32,749 20,095 12,330 7,566
The explosive limit of VCM is about 36,000 ppm. Even if purging is only 50% effective, the Ten Purge technique will reduce the VCM to less than 25% of the explosive limit.
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Item No. 3 and No. 4 Blind Removal of Vent Hose at Dock Blind Removal of Loading Hose at Dock
A procedure for purging the spool sections at the dock to permit blind removal is illustrated and described on Figure 2. The same procedure can be used to remove the blinds at both the vent connection at the dock and the loading connection at the dock. Use of this procedure should reduce VCM worker exposure to a level where Breathi Air Masks will not be required.
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Item No. 5 and Item No, 6 Heel Sampling of VCM from Ship Final Sampling of VCM from Ship
The most severe instances of VCM exposure at the dock have occurred during sampling. During the May 2, 1974 loading a system was used which in principal will work. A modification of the system is suggested which will significantly reduce the complexity and weight of the system and will provide the additional flexibility for visual sample observation. The proposed system should be less susceptable to leaks because of a reduction in the number of valves. The fitting connections on the ship were in generally poor condition. This situation must be corrected or reduction of VCM exposure to acceptable levels will be im possible. Assuming the ship fitting problem is resolved the sampling system and procedure described on Figure 3 can be used. This system should reduce VCM emissions to the point where the breathing gear will not be required.
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I hem No. 7 Hydroquinone Addition
The second greatest source of VCM emissions occurred during Hydroquinone addition. Continuous and repeated nitrogen purging did not reduce the VGM vapor to an acceptable level. A new system and procedure is recommended and is described on Figure 4. This system should be tried and it should reduce VCM emissions significantly. Further modification or possibly an entirely different procedure may be required to com pletely control emissions to levels below 50 ppm. Accurate monitoring of the emissions from this area was difficult during the May 2, 1974 loading. Numerous leaking valves in this area effectively masked results from the Hydroquinone source itself. Reduction of VCM levels at.this location is impossible until all valve leaks, stem packing gland malfunctions, etc^.are corrected.
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Item No. 8 and Item No. 9 Vent Hose Disconnect at Ship Loading Hose Disconnect at Ship
The procedure illustrated on Figure 5 was used during the May 2, 1974 loading. Resulting emissions were within acceptable limits. Breathing Air for this operation can be eliminated if the ship vent and loading valves are mechanically sound.
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Item No. 10 and Item No. 11 Vent Hose Blind ing at Dock Loading Hose Blinding at Dock
The procedure for installing the blinds is shown on Figure 6. This procedure assumes the installation of the Items called for on Figure 2. The same procedure can be used both for blinding the vent hose and the loading hose. The operations called for in items No. 10, 11, 3 and 4 are essentially extraneous and may be exposing workers to VCM emissions needlessly. If permitted by Coast Guard Regulations, these operations should be entirely eliminated.
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