Document 50rXXbB3jKLB0j0JJG44Lb8xN

J J ASBESTOS FIBERS IN TEE AMBIENT AIR IN TEZ GREATER SAN FRANCISCO AREA CARL A. MANGOLD, CIH MARCH 1983 BELLEVUE, WASHINGTON i Privileged and Confidential Material No use or publication may be made of this ma erial without the prior written approval of the au hor ABSTRACT ' . The ambient asbestos liber levels in Vallejo, Oakland, and San Francisco, Caliloria during 3 days in February 1983 averaged .02 asbestos libers/ cubic centineter o1 air, greater "than 5 micrometers in diameter on an eight hour tine weighted average as determined by phase contrast microscopy at 400X. This data compares to previous lindings ol .02 asbestoslibers/cc in Seattle and Bremerton, Tashington, and Portland, Oregon in July and August 1982. Previous studies (11,12) show that GARLOCX INC asbestos gasket materials and spiral wound gaskets produce less than .02 asbestos libers/cc during processing.This is in the same range as the eight hour daily exposure to city dwellers lor which there is so sigsilicant impact on their health. DISCLAIMER The author is solely responsible Tor the contents and conclusions in this report which may hot necessarily rellect the ollicial opinion ol contributors, or Federal and State agencies. (i) ACSKOTLEDGZMEyTS AND CONTRI3UTORS 1. J.D. Wendlick, Corporate Industrial Hygienist, The Weyerhaeuser Company, Tacoma, Washington. 2. Northwest Health Services, Richland, Washington. 3i Dorothy Gockel, Researcher, Department of Community .Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 4. Mine Safety and Appliance Company, Seattle, Washington. 5. Hr. John Hiller, Vice President, San Jose Regional Office, CYGNA Consulting Engineers, San Jose, California. Cii) TAE-Z CF CXsTSSTS ABSTRACT......................................................................................... (i) DISOJOME3............................................................................... (i) AQgQWTfZSZMgq'S................................................................................. (ii) I BAOErOJ?...................................................:.......................:..........................(1) ii KiiDnmcs....................................................................................................(2) III HEDGES CF EWESTIGATICN....................................................... (5) 17 nmmcs.............................. ........... ;...................... ................... (6) V CDNOUSICKS........................................................ ......................... (6) VI EErTHI^CES................................................................................... (7) l (ill) * (I) BACKGROUND Asbestos is one of the most plentiful, useful, and cheap industrial minerals. Consequently because of its high thermal stability and resistance to corrosion it appears in more than 3000 manufactured goods in the United States. Estimates are that at least 30 million tons have been used in construction and manu facturing since the year 1900. This common use of asbestos has led to the exposure of millions of Americans that may have a significant impact on their health. Large numbers of Americans are still exposed to asbestos fibers in industry, and non-occup- ationally in cities and their nearby industrial complexes, from the drinking water, and from soil high in asbestos content (1,2, 3,4,5,6,7 ). . 4 Most Americans receive some regular low-level exposure to asbestos in their lifetimes from these sources. The wide spread past and continued use of asbestos is likely to continue such exposures. From 1958 to 1973 about 500,000 tons of asbestos was used in the United States to spray the inside of buildings for fireproofing. The practice was largely confined to high rise buildings in cities. This concentrated use increases rha asbestos exposures to occupants 'and.to the general population during re furbishment or razing (7). This is an important source of exposure to city dwellers. Automobile brakes and clutches are a source of continuous emission in populated cities (1,8,9). The i'nterft rnT peak exposures from these and manufacturing sources in cities may at times approach the current Federal occupational health standard of 2 asbestos fibers per cubic centimeter, greater than 5 micrometers in diameter averaged over an eight hour work day (10). Also the ambient asbestos fiber levels may exceed the known actual release of asbestos fibers from some industrial . asbestos products. Therefore'the the ambient as well as other sources of contamination must be determined when such asbestos gasket materials are evaluated (11,12). There appears to be little clear evidence that these cont inuing ambient asbestos fiber exposures to the general population gives rise to significant identified asbestos-related disease (12,14,15). * * Few studies attempt' to relate the non-occupational ambient asbestos exposure of city dwellers to the Federal occupational health standard for comparison (4,6,16). The'Federal standard is the only regulation in effect for which there is sound epidemio logical evidence of disease from exposure to asbestos (1). Most of the environmental studies have not been conducted in the breath inc zone, a^e reported by weight in nanograms per cubic meter of air(l x 10"9) which does not related to current epidemiology. The environmental studies are most often based on 24 hour samples which obscures the intermittent peal; values during the normal eight hour work period in the city. Cl) The confounding va.ria.bles of environmental conditions and'the actual asbestos exposure from products exists. Therefore a clear relationship between the occupationalexposure from products producing few airborne asbestos fibers and the known ambient asbestos fiber exposure must be established. The daily peak asbestos exposures of city dwellers is in the same range ofasbestos gasket products being processed. However, the general population does not display a clear and significant response to these lower asbestos exposure levels according to disease Incidence Therefore, specific asbestos gasket products like those produced by GARIOCK INC that do not exceed these levels are no more likely to cause any greater risk. Some researchers (17> have attempted to draw a relationship between the concentrations of asbestos fibers in air determined by weight as nanograms per cubic meter to asbestos fibers in air collected and counted as required by the Federal occupational health standard. The most commonly accepted value is; 3 1000 ng/li . .03 asbestos fibers/cc, greater than . 5 micrometers in diameter as , ' count-ed by phase contrast micro-- scopy. * However, the environmental data reported by weight (ng/il3) is little more than an index and is not related to breathing Z'~r~ *"r.ccsure standards. .. II INTRODUCTION In order to determine the actual contribution of airborne asbestos fibers released from GARLOCK INC gasket materials, and spiral wound or encapsulated gaskets studies (11,12) were conducted to accurately and precisely measure such exposures to workers in the absence of asbestos contamination from other sources. It was shown that 1) general atmospheric pollution in cities, 2) redispersion of fallen fibers in work areas, 3) source production of asbestos fibers from adjacent work areas, and 4) contaminated work clothing all can contribute to the total exposure and obscure the actual exposure from the gasket products. The actual exposure to a worker from the GARLOCS INC gaskets averaged less than .02 asbestos fibers per cubic centimeter(cc), greater than 5 micro meters in diameter for an 8 hour time weighted average work day (TV.'A <3) l  . Eowever, ambient asbestos fiber concentrations in the cities of Seattle, Bremerton, and Portland averaged .02 fibers/cc during dry suaner days in July and August 1982. These are significant exposure levels to the general population in cities and shows by direct comparison that a'sbestos gasket materials, and specifically encapsulated gasket materials contribute about l/100tb of the allowable occupational exposure of 2 asbestos fibers/cc, greater than 5 micrometers in diameter for any 8 hour TWA work period. * The total daily exposure of city dwellers to these ambient asbestos fiber levels may be even more elevated if they are employed in asbestos contaminated buildings (6^7,18,19,20). Le Moine (9) found relatively high levels of asbestos fibers in the ambient air in the industrial areas of Seattle (.03 f/cc) in March and April 1980 which is the rainy season in the Pacific Northwest. The fiber counts were at 300X by phase contrast microscopy instead of 400 to 430X required by the Federal occup ational health standard which would give rise to fewer fibers counted. None-the-less .03 asbestos fibers/cc is a significant exposure to the general population who spend their 8 hour work day in these asbestos contaminated industrial environments. Because there is little concrete"evidence of asbestos-related disease in the general population at these levels, this data beccmesimportant(20). There is clear evidence that city dwellers not occupationally exposed to asbestos - fibers'do breathe and retain substantial quantities of asbestos fibers in their lungs . from the ambient air(13). Additionally they drink water which in many parts of the United States is highly contaminated with asbestos fibers(3,5) and through asbestos'-cement pipes used in city water mains(5). .. * ' City dwellers spending their 8 hour-work day outside, or in asbestos contaminated buildings may receive exposure levels in the same range as those workers processing GABLOCX INC asbestos gasket materials. Also it is not scientifically correct to assume that all asbestos reaching the breathing zone of a worker handling asbestos gaskets comes from the gaskets because of the high level sources of contamination from the work environment, and* ambient air. . The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) reported in 1978(7), that razing of a structure can result not only in high local contamination., but to the surrounding community as well; and the fallen asbestos fibers become redlspersed over and over again. Since 1958 to 1973, the spray application of asbestos to buildings was about 500,000 tons in the United States - a most significant er-M;_T-r> of exposure to the city dweller. Automobile brakes and wiulwLes are another significant contribution^, 8). (3) Nicholson (IS) determined in 1976 that buildings with deteriorating asbestos materials release significantly higher levels than outdoor ambient a^NsStos concentrations during quiet periods. However, when routine activity cr zilntenance occurred inside the buildings, the exposure rose fron .C2 fibers/cc to .2 fibers/cc. liangold (21) found similar conditions in a hospital facility where maintenance personnel were routinely exposed to . .2 fibers/cc. The Federal occupational health standard, 29 CR 1910.1001 - Asbestos, and its intrepretations requires a medical examination and surviel lance program for employees when 8 hour TTA exposures exceed .1 fibers/cc( 10). Selikoff (1) reported a study of industrial plants using asbestos in aanufacturing that were causing relatively high levels of fugative emissions of asbestos fibers seme exceeding the Federal standard of 2 fibers/cc. Such a source is capable of polluting the surrounding environ ment on a continuing basis, which accounts for higher concentrations of asbestos fibers in the ambient air in industrial areas. Prevailing winds and street activities redisperse and spread the contamination. The fibers that are released frcra these processes are tiny fibrils 'that 02.y rerain airborne indefinitely (1,7,81, and are of the size found in the lungs of city dwellers not occupationally exposed according to the ' . research of Grurg and TCaraock (13). The fibrils found in the streets of cities are generally smaller than those found at industrial work sites (1). Thu zest recent review by Selikoff and others (1,20) reports that there are no data at present that would tell approximately hew many workers were exposed to fugative asbestos dusts between 1540 and 1979, nor the intensity of those exposures. The same 4 year study (1) discusses more recent findings cr^ that suggest that lower levels of exposure to asbestos fibers in air do net give rise to classical asbestosis.and center on the etiology of the asbestosrelated cancers that have sene risk of development. However, the risks due to cnhie:t asbestos fiber contamination are less likely to produce significant rates of asbestos-related cancers-, except adjacent to asbestos processing *. facilities where exposures are elevated. Regardless .current trends are to lower the allowable exposure levels in existing Federal standards (22,23,24). . . Rationale' was developed for a study of the Greater San Francisco Bay Area to determine the 8 hour work day exposures to city dwellers, and compare that data with that found in. Seattle, Brenerton, and Portland to corroborate previous studies (11,12). A study of 187 quarterly composite samples collected in 48 cities from 1969 through 1970 showed chrysotile asbestos to be present in virtually all of those metropolitan cities in the United States, as determined by electron microscopy analysis (16,17). (4) Ill HEI5EDS OF INYSSTIGATICN ' Previous studies (11,12) established that the actual contribution . cf GAF1DCX EC gasket materials averaged less than ,C2 fibers/cc, greater than 5 micrometers la diameter lor aa 8 hour TKA, while encapsulated gasket materials averaged .004 fibers/cc. These values were compared to the exposures cf city dwellers to aa average of .02 fibers/cc iron the ambient alx. The concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers were collected in. the breathing zone levels during February 15th through the 19th, -1983 in the Greater Saa Francisco &.y Area to determine the 8 hour work day exposures to city dwellers. The data could then be directly cccparable. Three locations were selected to represent typical urban exposure in Vallejo, Oakland, and San Francisco proper. The weather was partly cicudy, calm to light winds, a visible scog envelope, and a temperature range of 45 to 52PF. The data reflects full 8 hour samples collected at 2 liters per minute required by standard sampling methods that relate to the Federal standard, 29 CTR 1910.1001-Asbestos (10,25,26). Aerosol type Mill!pore filters ILW P037AO, .8 micron pore size, in an open-faced cassette were used to collect the asbestos fibers (27). The samples were `Thtn `prepared t=d counted by phase contrast cmcrcsoopy at -4GGS tccordiryg to requirements in the Federal standard (10,28,29,30). This technique of measuring the peak exposures of city dwellers during their 8 hour work period at the street level relates to the method ology that Is used to evaluate exposures to asbestos gasket materials in any workplace. Therefore, a direct comparison, may be made to the known actual real ease of asbestos fibers from. GAHLOCK INC gasket materials to similar exposures experienced by the public in cities for which there is no significant impact on their health. . Curb-side street dust from each of the cities of Vallejo, Oakland, and San Francisco was examined to positively identify the existence of ' fallen asbestos fibers available for redispersica. Che eight hour sample, was collected in the Second lower Level, Union Square Parking Garage, San Francisco to determine the ambient levels from accumulation mainly from brakes and clutches. Floor samples were also collected to verify the presence of fallen asbestos fibers. (5) % IV FINDINGS Table I shows the ambient asbestos fiber concentrations in Vallejo, Oakland, and Saa Francisco at the locations listed during February 15th through the 19th, 1983. The ambient asbestos fiber concentrations average less than .02 fibers/cc, as previously reported for the cities of Seattle, Brenerton, and Portland, even though it was the winter season in the San Francisco area. The weather was dry and sunny except for rain on the morning of thelSth which is reflected as lower ambient asbestos fiber levels. The snoggr conditions, the light winds, dry streets, heavy automobile traffic, and the concentration of industrial areas contributed to the consistantly high levels of airborne asbestos fibers collected iron the ambient air. Tiny asbestos fibers once airborne are not easily scrubbed iron the amcsphere by rain. A cap of the sanple locations follows Table I. .V - ccnclisiqns . Adoieit air samples collected in the breathing zone at street level in three locations in each of the cities of Vallejo, Oakland, and San Francisco, CY1 *'*"**?. during the 8 hour daytime work period revealed that; a. City dwellers are exposed to an average of .02 asbestos fihers/cc, greater than 5 micrometers in diameter as determined by phase contrast microscop at 400X. ' b. The ambient asbestos fiber levels of .02- fihers/cc compare to the average concentration of less than .02 asbestos fihers/cc released by GASLOCK INC gasket materials, and is 5 times greater than the ccncentraticns of .004 fibers/cc released by spiral wound or encapsulated gaskets. This l/100th and l/500th respectively of the allowable occupational exposure of 2 fibers/cc, Ptt.t err than 5 micrometers in diameter for an 8 hour time weighted average work day. c. The data in Table I shews a relatively consistant elevated asbestos fiber exposure to city dwellers in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area during their 8 hour stay in the city. d. Since there is no solid evidence of significant risk to the public at these levels based on asbestos disease incidence, then GARLOCC INC gasket materials that release asbestos fibers on processing ax or below th* ambient exposure levels present a negligible occupational risk to users. (6) GEZAIZ?. SA.N FRANCISCO EAY AHZA AMBIDvT ASES70S FIrZR ON22EC7RA7IONS, TZZsLASY 15-12,19S3 Concentrations are e-xpresscj in asbestos fibers per cubic ceitiraeter, greater than 5 micrometers in diameter far an eight hour time weighted average daytime period San Francisco, California. LOCATION Ecwntcmn San Francisoo at Enicn Square Unicn Square Parking Garage, 2d Lower Level Central Basin Industrial Area,, S.F. Brbarcaradero Avenue Industrial Area . ' 1 .012 t. 020 .031 to g & HXR KCRX DAYS 2 34 JOLYC 5 AVi AV2 .COS* .006 .004 .010 (.030) ,.008 .01 . 022 .02S* .010 .024 .021 .0> .025 ' .023* .021 .023 .029 AVERAGE .02 -01 XT--- rz-- ----- . . - .. .J II ! utm Santa Clara Avenue tfest Vallejo, CA Sears Rood, North &d Mare Island N?vnl Shipyard Mere Island TCay Across Bay From Mare Island Naval Shipyard Y*n*$*N CfclifiNruS* TABLE I (Coct'd) ITCATICK 1 lomtoun Oakland at 13th Avenue, near Court House ' .018 Aleaeda Industrial Gonplex at 3d Ave. .022 Nimitz Highway Industrial Area, 2 hlks from . .031 HART Elevated Railway 2 .012 3. 4 5 AVZ PC .008 .006 .010 .Oil' i .028* .021 .030 .021 .034 .027 .028 .015 .025 .024 AVERAGE -- JCH: The lower limit of detection for 100 bic-oscope fields counted per staple is equal to .002 fibers/cc, greater than 5 micrcraeters in diameter for an eight hour period, and based on the effective filter area, and the microscope counting area. -- _ . rfmotes street dirt collected and oandned at- that location and cay while sarples of the ambient air were' being collected. The dirt was eNamined for proof of fallen asbestos fibers by phase contrast microscopy. All sarples shaved evidence of asbestos fibers. r ; SAS JA2L0 Ci 3AT IvJtllJO-'*.. V " * \ . ^*i-*-.-,- ^X*C*<^L>^s?*;--r' ^u>^\\.2-.*J.t.r.sj -\ =^k.Y.:V- S=^ . - c=. Sf Ns^. ^Lwr'4"--r;,r^ ... Jr W + ftU^t-O^aiww f /*/ -"', \V--\ - ... v r--*.""- " b K M I'EJ---i -3 =SAH *!' 1 FRANCISCO i. '.B'^gj =r~j=-r^r''l i^Pr- j-r>. ^i OAtYCin-1 / Wr-rrr LrtTv3'.-`s.^.< e*v/~> "auxsi ~ A , Ci*m / \^N. * r * ^1 nc* *N^*>x%IUH-U-MU"W* RJLT03 jurwjLM* "v \ '. ure ,c:tt /_-Ar -- ** = r i A iOi\Vt*o*'r Tii rPLUur::* .V i~X=r tiiiSN a. mcr ________ ll k*tKl *IT0 J )V' \ * VL* Mm; >T ~ a VV^ AI .>tr=: f^> J- N. JjSti 4 \" I j^-iTrrax' _ '-JKMQXt TV. X. v\- jMKTtlll : *u. .. run: tniBSf 4 r i rieu ^L us 1 U1 SCI m u:ss >4 ,\ \ VI. RETIRES CIS 1. I. J. Selikoff, M.D.: ''Disability Compensation for Actart=3-Associated Disease la the United States," Xnv. Sci. Lab., Mt. Sinai Eosp., City Univ. N.Y. (Report to U.S. Dept. Labor - Contract J-0-M-8-0165, June 1982). 2. C. A. Mangold, R. R. Beckett, D. J. Bessner, "Asbestos Exposure Control - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, U.S. Dept, of Navy" (May 1970). 3. L. Polissor and E. Eldridge, "Cancer Incidence and Asbestos in the Drinking Water in Western Washington," Washington Public Health, Vol. 3, No. 1, Autumn 1982. 4. Rahl, A. N., Langer, A. M., and Selikoff, J. J., "Airborne Asbestos in the Vicinity of a Treeway," Atmospheric . Environment, Vol. 12, No. 10, pg. 2030-2031.(1978). 5. EPA, "Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Asbestos," (EPA 4-50/5-80-022) October 1980. _ 6. Nicholson ,_W.^ J., et al_, "Control of Sprayed Asbestos Surfaces in School Buildings; A Teaslblllty Btudy under TTIII-S Contract (l-ES-7-2113), Nat. Inst. Env. Hlth. and Safety (1978). 7. EPA. "Asbestos-Containing Materials In School Buildings," A Ond?nce Document, Part II (EPA-450/2-78-014) (March 1978) 8. C. A. Peters, B. J. Peters,- Source Book on Asbestos Diseases: Medical, Leeal and Encineerinc Aspects, Garland Press, N.Y. , N.Y. (1S80). ' .* . 9. Gary Stephen LeMoine, "A Survey of the Asbestos Levels in the Ambient Air of Seattle," Master of Science Thesis, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (May 1981) 10. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, 29 CEP. 1910.1001-Asbestos (1970), and OSHA Instr. CPL 2-2.21A - 29 C7R , 19x0.1001(j)(2),(3),and (4), "Minimum Airborne Tiber Concentration for Initiating and Continuing Asbestos Medical Examinations," (Teb. 18, 1981). 11. C. A. Mangold. "The Actual Contribution of Garlock Asbestos Gasket Materials to the Occupational Exposure of Asbestos Workers," A Report, 1982 12. C. A. Mangold, "The Actual Occupational Exposure to Airbcrne Asbestos Released by Garlock Spiral Wound, Braided, anu encapsulated Gaskets," Report, 1982. * (7) ' 23. A. Churg and U. Varnock, "Asbestos Fibers in the General Population,M Aser. Rev. Resp. Disease, Vol. 122 (1980). . ` 14. J. E. Craghead, B. T. Mossman, "The Pathogenesis of Asbestos - Associated Diseases," N. Eng. J. Med., 306 (June 17, 1982) 15. M. R. Bccklake, "Exposure to Asbestos and Human Disease N. Eng. J. Ued., 306 (June 17, 1982). 16. Nicholson, IT. J., "Measurement of Asbestos in Ambient Air," National Air Pollution Control Administration (Contract CPA 70-92) (1971). 1 ' 17. Nicholson, W. J., Pondsack, F. L., "Asbestos in the Environment, Biological Effects of Asbestos," IARC Publication *8, pg 126, Lyon,France Symposium (1973). . 18. Nicholson, W. J., Rahl, A. N., and Neisman, I., "Asbestos Contamination of Building Air Supply Systems," The Instit. of Elect, and Electronics Eng., Ann. No. 75CH1004-I-29-6, (1976). 19. Sauyer, R., "Asbestos Exposure in a Yale Building; Analysis and Resolution," Env. Res. 13:1, 146-168, (1977). 20. Nicholson, . J. , Hanger, A-. 11., Selikoff, I. J. "Epidemiologial Evidence on Asbestos, Proceedings of a Workshop on Asbestos Definitions and Measurement Methods," (July 1977), Gaithersburg, M.D. - U.S. Dept, of Commerce Publication *506 (Nov. 1978). . .' 21. C. A. Mangold, "A Model Asbestos Control Program for D.S. Public Eealth Services Hospital;" Seattle, NA (Oct. 1979). 22. NIOSH, Revised Recommended Asbestos Standard, PHUT (KI0SH) Pub. 77-169 (Dec. 1976). 23. NIOSH Criteria Document - HSU 72-10276, "Occupational Exposure to 'Asbestos, Criteria for a Recommended Standard, N1CSH, E.S, Dept HET, Cincinnati, Ohio (1972), 24'. Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 32, February 15, 1983 Proposed Rule, OSEA, 29 CFR 1910.1001 - Occupational Exposure to Asbestos (Proposed reduction from 2 fibers/cc to .5 fibers/cc). 25. Occupational Safety fc Health Administration gygiene^Field Operations Manual. (CPL 2-2.20, Apr. 2, Industrial 1979 and rVTn irNati?nai Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Manual of Analytical Methods. Asbestos Fibers in Air ,UA' * Coes., U.S. Govt. Printing Office ffA B^C (April 1977). * --' 27. ililiiporc co* pu- * i ion , mi ui i-j* * j. wu wu /.c.4w ------- '.Copnts of Pre-prepared Type AA Filters, 0.8 Micron Pore Size, J37 aa diameter." , .* ' 28. C. A. Mangold and R. R. Beckett, "Collection and Counting Airborne Asbestos Fibers - Phase Contrast Microscopy Method." Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, D.S. Dept, of Navy, Procedure III.B.37 (May 4, 1971). 29. S. G. Bayer, R. D. Zumwalde, T. A. Brown, "Equipment and Procedures for Mounting Mllllpore Filters and Counting Asbestos Fibers by Phase Contrast Microscopy,** Bureau of Occupational Safety' and Health, U.S. Dept, of HEY, Cincinnati, Ohio (July 1969). 30. S. J. Rooker, N. P. Vaughan, J. M. LeGuen, "On the Visibility of Fibers by Phase Contrast Microscopy," Araer. Indust. Hyg. J., Vol. 43, No. 7 (July 1982). I * fc. % CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE This certifies that a copy of the foregoing document has been deposited in the United States Mail at 5:00 p.m. on. the ... ---------day of --UTLLn _________ 1989# in Belleville# Illinois with postage prepared and addressed to the following: 'Mr. Randall A. Bono Bono Law Offices Mr. Steven Wolens Baron & Budd r. Robert D. Larson Smith# Larson & Pitts Mr. James W. Springer Mr. Robert Harris Harold A. Harris, Ltd. Mr. Roger F. Wilson Hinshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann# Hoban & Fuller Ms. Gall Donnelly Bader Mr. Robert Shults : Heyl# Royster, Voelker & Allen Mr. Steven P. Sanders Armstrong, Teasdale, Kramer Vaughn &. Schlafly Mr. James R. Benson Mr. Greg E. Roosevelt Bernard & Davidson .' ' Mr. SrareT J"- Sesser Hoagland, Fitzgerald, Smith Pranaltis Mr. Edwin E. Brooks Katten, Muchin &. Zavis Mr. Terrence J. Good Lashly, Baer &. Hamel Mr. Paul B. Lee Lucas & Murphy Ms. Mary T. Zerega McDermott, Will & Emery Mr. Jeff Cramer Brown, James & Rabbitt, P.C. Mr. Rebecca R. Jackson Bryan, Cave, McPheeters & McRoberts Mr. Gordon Broom " Burroughs,- Simpson, Wilcox Hepler, Broom & McCarthy ` Mr. Ron Hack Coburn, Croft & Putzell Mr. Michael J. Nester Donovan. Rose, Nester & Szewczyk Sr. Ccr.'selius T. Zucey. Sr. Cocey. Feder i rccey Ms. Mary J. Davis McGuire, Wood, Battle & Boothe Mr. Michael R. Noakes Moser, Marsalek, Carpenter Cleary, Jaeckel & Keaney " Mr. Raymond Modesitt Patrick, Wilkinson, Goeller & Modesitt . Mr. Steve Thompson Reed, Armstrong & Gorman Mr. Jia Tocfcey Ross Hardies ,, Mr. John Lynch Evans & Dixon 1 /Hr. Ted Harvey ' Freeark, Harvey, Dennis Mendillo &; , Hr. John Sandberg - Shepherd, Sandberg & Phoenix Mr. Kenneth Snodgrass,- Jr.= * : ' /"Mr. Allen Goodloe', Jr. Goldsworthy, Fifleld &Hasselberg ----Thompson; & Mitchell----- :------ * , Mr. Kevin Martin Wildman, Harroldv Allen & Dixon ... . "` Mr. Robert J. Brummond- * : ' Greensfelder , Hemker, et al. 1 Mr. Gary K. Morgan ' . Law Office of William R. Gallagher . -. . Mr. Edward McCambridge , Segal, McCambridge, Singer & Mahoney, Ltd. /Mr. C. Michael^Evert^Jr. Evert & Weathersby ; . ... .... . .. 1 * '' --- A 9 2 IN THE CIRCUIT COURT THIRD JUDICIAL CIRCUIT MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS IN RE: MADISON COUNTY ASBESTOS LITIGATION JUN 121989 CLERK cOURI THiRD JUDICIAL C1RCU'1 MADISON COUNT') IN RE: IN RE: IN RE: BONO CASES BARON CASES LARSON CASES ADAMS Case No. 86-L-1827 GRECO Case No. 86-L-1351 AUTREY Case No. 86-L-1679 MOTION TO PERMIT SUPPLEMENTAL FILING IN DOCUMENT REGISTRY The A. W. Chesterton Company by John J. Kurowski, P.C., requests leave of court to file the following additional documents in the document registry: 1. "Technical Report for Occupational Exposure of Asbestos During Gasket Handling and Processing at Anchor Packing Company" Marietta, Georgia. McCrone Project No. ME-5396, October 12, 1988. _ 2. "Asbestos Fibers in the Ambient Air in the Greater San Francisco Area" by C.D. Mangold, March 1983. 3. Report Re: John Crane Products by R. Liptai, Consulting Engineer, December 23, 1983. The A. W. Chesterton Company retains the right to supplement this filing at any time as additional information becomes available and prays leave to file the additional documents 1isted By i CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE This certifies that a copy of the foregoing document has been deposited in the United States Mail at 5:00 p.m. on the day of ~Tti.r.g_^ 1989, in Belleville, Illinois with postage prepared and addressed to the following: Mr. Randall A. Bono Bono Law Offices Mr. Steven Wolens Baron & Budd r. Robert D. Larson Smith, Larson & Pitts Mr. James W. Springer Mr. Robert Harris Harold A. Harris, Ltd. Mr. Roger F. Wilson Hlnshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann, Hoban Fuller Central Records Depository Ms. Gall Donnelly Bader Mr. Robert Shultz Heyl, Royster, Voelker Allen Mr. Steven P. Sanders ' Armstrong, Teasdale, Kramer Vaughn & Schlafly Mr. James R. Benson Mr. Greg E. Roosevelt Bernard . Davidson Mr. Stephen J. Massen Hoagland, Fitzgerald, Smith Pranaltis * Mr. Edwin E. Brooks Katten, Muchln & Zavis Mr. Terrence J. Good Lashly, Baer Hamel . Mr. Paul B. Lee Lucas Murphy Ms. Mary T. Zerega McDermott, Will Emery Mr. Jeff Cramer Brown, James Rabbitt, P.C. Mr. Rebecca R. Jackson Bryan, Cave, McPheeters McRoberts Mr. Gordon Broom Burroughs, Simpson, Wilcox Hepler, Broom McCarthy ' Mr. Ron Hack Coburn, Croft Putzell Mr. Michael J. Nester ' Donovan, Rose, Nester Szewczyk Mr. Cornelius T. Ducey, Sr. Ducey, Fedor Ducey ,, Mr John Lynch Evans Dixon Ms. Mary J. Davis McGuire, Wood, Battle Boothe Mr. Michael R. Noakes Moser, Marsalek, Carpenter Cleary, Jaeckel Keaney Mr. Raymond Modesitt Patrick, Wilkinson, Goeller Modesitt Mr. Steve Thompson Reed, Armstrong Gorman Mr. Jim Toohey Ross Hardies Mr. Bob Riley Schlff. Hardin Wai . /Mr. Ted Harvey ' Freeark, Harvey, Dennis ... / Hr. John Sandberg * Mend 11 lo-- & - ^- Shepherd, Sandberg & _ . .. . Phoenix ... ' Mr V Kenneth: Snodgrass ,* Jrv^" Allen :Goodlo4t* Jt. *"'** GoldsworthyFif ield: &Hasselberg- ---TThompson:&.Mltch^ll---- ----------- s'Mr. Kevin Martin WildmanHarroldv' A1 len & Dixon - 1 \" _ - ; - .Mr. Robert JBrumraond- ' Greensfelder, Hemker, et al. * . ' Mr. Gary K." Morgan ' - Law Office of William R. Gallagher ... ^ ;: .Hr. Edward McCambridge / ' Segal, McCambridge, Singer & Mahoney, Ltd. ~.v.- . : * . - > - - St i . : . /Mr. C. MichaelvEve4?tV Jr. - ^ Evert & Weathersby . - s* / . ..... . .:-* s. ' U ' w<. v # , ;i 22?. Zft.. J. . ir ^ J H ^ J * ;>: 'j it st t 2 2 V| * JohnJ. Kurovski Anceua Blackman-Donovan Edvard E. Johnston Lav Offices JohnJ. Kurowski Professional Corporation Attorney At Lav 315 North Illinois Street Belleville. Illinois 62220 (618)277-5500 Fax No. (618)277-6334 June 8. 1989 Honorable Willard V. Portell Circuit Clerk 2000 Edison Avenue Granite City, IL 62040 JUN 121989 "LERK Ql OKUUIl COURT Sthird njuCdOicUiaNlTYc.irILcLuINitOIS ATTN: ROSE CHADWICK Re: All Madison County Asbestos Litigation Dear Ms. Chadwick: ' Enclosed for filing please find the original and one copy of our Motion to Permit Supplemental Filing in Document Registry. 7 IN THE CIRCUIT COURT THIRD JUDICIAL CIRCUIT MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS IN RE: MADISON COUNTY ASBESTOS LITIGATION IN RE: BONO CASES IN RE: BARON CASES IN RE: LARSON CASES ) ) ) ) ADAMS Case No. 86-L-1827 ) GRECO Case No. 86-L-1351 ) AUTREY Case No. 86-L-1679 MOTION TO PERMIT SUPPLEMENTAL FILING IN DOCUMENT REGISTRY The A. W. Chesterton Company by John J. Kurowski, P.C., requests leave of court to file the following additional documents in the document registry: 1. ' "Technical Report for . Occupational Exposure of Asbestos During Gasket Handling and Processing at Anchor Packing Company" Marietta, Georgia. McCrone Project No. ME-5396, October 12, 1988. 2. "Asbestos Fibers in t"he'Ambient Air in the Greater San Francisco Area" by C.D. Mangold, March 1983. 3. Report Re: John Crane Products by R. Liptai , Consulting Engineer, December 23, 1983. The A. W. Chesterton Company retains the right to supplement this filing at any time as additional information becomes available and prays leave to file the additional documents listed. JOHN J. KUROWSKI. P.C. iOWSKlI North Illinois Street tllevllle. IL 62220 . (618) 277-5500 #03121889 ATTORNEY FOR A. W. CHESTERTON COMPANY 1 ^*5. Proti^iiienol ^cKonieo! Engineer So/e*ry ngin#r MoMwrgicel Engine*^ Cwolily Engineer RoliERT G. Liptai, Pii.D CONSULTING ENGINEER Decerober 23/ 19S3 TelepKon# (i!5! 767*7737 Alcmede, Cl<f*'*** 9*531 63-6177' E.xceri-er.t Descriotion Results 1 Air Sample 2 ` V Pecking 4 Knife Cuts No Fibers No Fibers 3 V' Packing No Fibers 4 Chisel Cuts 4' ; h" Packing 4 Knife Cuts No Fibers 5* ; h" Packing No Fibers 4 Chisel Cuts 6 Red Valve . No Fibers ' Unpacked * 7 Red Valve : . No Fibers Cuts *r Repacked O Ruse Valve . No Fibers Unpacked, Cut, Repacked ^5, P'r^MiiioAol E*pi** A*#cortfeol Engineer So{*ty Engineer Metallurgies! Engin#f cdoUiy Eng>*r Rodeut G. Lii'tai, Pji.D CONSULTING ENGINEER November 21, 1983 EXPERIMENTS FILTERS Nuclepore Corp. Pleasanton, CA 94566 0.4 nun (10 meters) 90 mm Diameter Stock 111707 Lot;=S1H2323 John Crane, K inch Style SS &w4M John Crane, % *5 inch Samplex (HIGH VOLUME) TFIA Ser. 52138 12 FT^/minute Room Air Sample 45 minutes EXPERIMENT #2 *5 inch John Crane Parking Style SScAM T.I.phon* U15) 769-9737 514 CfAt^ol Avtftvt Aiomt^e, CoUlornio 9459) 83-6177 > ' 4 cuts Hand Knife 5 minutes cutting + 5 minutes after EXPERIMENT 13 *5 inch John Crane Packing 4 Chisel Cuts 3*s minutes cutting + 6% minutes after EXPERIMENT #4 * h inch John Crane Packing 4 Knife Cuts 3*5 minutes cutting + 65 minutes after EXPERIMENT #5 k inch John Crane Packing 4 Chisel Cuts - 3% minutes cutting + 6*5 minutes after EXPERIMENT $0 Red Valve - Unpacked 2 inch Diameter Gate Valve Tag 12J100 Pacific Steel 2015-10 ,, . - Packing Removed (Corkscrew + Rook) 17 minutes unpacking + 13 minute's *afte EXPERIMENT 17 Red Valve - Repacked n inch Packing, cut to length Repacked 3 minutes Repack and Cutting t 7 mir.ut EXPERIMENT =0 Total Intergrated Procedure Packing Removed - Rust Color Valve Pacific Steel 2013-10 2 inch Diameter Gate Valve Cut new h inch packing to length Repack Valve anc Tighten Bolts . 22 minutes + 8 minutes after ProUtnonol! Ea99^ ^cKedleel nginr Soft// Sn^initr iMrollurpife! njittf OwolUy E*9>**' Ronrr.T G. Littai, Ph.D consulting engineer Ficure Caoticns T.I.pKon. (4 15) 769-97C7 514 Cafttrpl A*nu AitmtJa, California 94501 1. Gaze Valve, 2" Diameter (Rust Color) 2 . Gate Valve, 2" Diameter (Rust Color) 3. Gate Valve, 2" Diameter (Rust Color) 4 . Gate Valve, 2" Diameter (Red Color) 5. Gate Valve, 2" Diameter (Red Color) 6 . Gate Valve, 2" Diameter (Red Color) 7. John Crane Pac)::ing, B raid 8 . Cress Secti on, k" Braid 9. Cross Secti on. h" Braid k 10. John Crane Packing, V Era id ._ 11. Cross Section, *" Braid - 12. V Braid with scale 13. Asbestos - Raw Materials ' '* 14 . Air Samplier,' High Volume, Staplex 15. Kuclepore Filters ' 90 mm Diameter, 0.4 micron (10"6 meter) 15 . Ft -- LET f l..\'p5nrrt2nL r i , AOOn s\--~ Sc.O.S 17. Knife C121zinc of Packing, Experiment #2 16. 4 Knife Curs, h" Packing, Experiment 2 19. Collection of Sections debris. Experiment 2 20. P.emoval of Filter, Experiment 2 21. P.emoval of Packing from Red Valve, Experiment #5 J 53* > 2\* . `25. Collection of Removed Packing, Experiment #6 Close-Up of Removed Packing, Experiment 6 Removal of Filter, Experiment S6 26 . Repack, Cutting of Packing, Experiment s8 27. Repack Valve, Experiment $8 28. Filters and Samples Collected 29. Experiment #2, Knife Cuts Ik") 30. Experiment S2, Collection + Filter Removal ^ Experiment 13, Chisel Cuts (**5") 32. Experiment 13, Collection + Filter Removal 33. Experiment #4, Knife C\:ts {h") 34 . Experiment =4, Collection + Filter Removal 35. Experiment 15, Chisel Cuts (V) " 36. Experiment #5, Collection *r Filter Removal 37. Experiment #6, Unpacking, Red Valve 38. Experiment #6, Unpacking Collection + Filter Removal 3 9. Experiment #7, Red Valve Repacking .and Filter Removal 40. Experiment #8, Rust Valve, Unpacking and Collection 41. Experiment =8, Cutting and Repacking Rust Valve 42. Experiment =8, Repacking Rust Valve and Filter Removal 43. Experiment #6 and #8, Removed Packing Material n *i . Packing and Filters 45 . Asbestos, Raw Material 50Ox, iOOOx, 5000x 46 . EDX Spectra cf Asbestos . Sulk Fiber, Mg Si Ca Fe Ci ~ * O Fibsr / Si ' ` n0 / Experiment 1, Air Sample Filter, Holes are 0.4 micron, no fibers. 400x and 55000000:-x: ' . 4.E. EON Spectra of Typical Particles or. Air Sample Filter, y -xperir.ent Sf ' _ * 4 9.. Typical Area of Filter from Experiment (2. ' No Fibers in 20 fields, SEM-440X. 50. Typical Settlement, Experiment #2, Cut Packing, Graphite Particles Entangled in Fibers, 40x. 51. Typical Area of Filter from Experiment S3. Chisel Cuts, No fibers in 20 fields of view. Also EDX Spectra of Filter Showing CL in Substrate. ` 52. Typical Settlement, Experiment S3, Chisel Cuts. Note Graphite in fibers. SEM, 40x and 200x. 53. Typical Area of Filter from Experiment S4. No fibers in 20 fields . c r*v. 4 i n v ' 54. Typical Settlement from Experiment 14. Note Graphite in fibers * SEM, 4Ox and 2 0Cx. 55. Typical Area of Filter from Experiment S5. ' No fibers in 20 fields. SEM, 4 4 Ox. 56 . Typical Settlement from Experiment #5. Note Graphite in fibers. . SEM, 40x* and 200X. 57. Typical Area of Filter from-_Experiment #6. No fibers in 20 fields. * SE.M , 44Ox. 5 3 Ur.cacked Material from Experiment #o. Note Heavy Graphite i n fibers and Ca Co3 ceposites ir. fibers. 4Ox and 10Ox. 5 o* m Typical Area of Filte r from Experiment S7. r.ecackiri'' C--eration. No fibers in 20 fields. SEM 44Cx! ` av 0W ^vc*cs^ ^oa of Filter from Experiment IE. Removal, Cut and Repacking of Valves. No fibers in 20 f m i Mi Typical Debris and Settleme Experiment Sc. Note Graphi Old Racking. SEM, 4Ox and ICOx. of Unpacked Material and C*aCo3 in fibers c kTJi li 12 OAKBROOK DRIVE SUITE 100 NORCROSS. GA 30093 4CW-368-9600 12 October l'JKi) Korn. Kline & Kutner 18*15 Waimir Street 21st Floor Philadelphia. PA 19103 Attention: Mr. Kurt Straub Attorney at Law Subject: Technical Report. Occupational Exposures During Processing . and Handling of Asbestos-Containing Gaskets at Anchor Packing Company. Atlanta. Georgia Re: McCrone Project No. ME-5396 Dear Mr. Straub: McCrone Environmental Services. Inc. hga*. -completed the subject air sampling services as authorized by you. Atta'ched please find our report detailing the methods used, work performed, results of air samples collected and some additional comments on the samples collected as they relate to the Federal standards for asbestos concentrations in the work place (past and present). We hope you have found' our'.services helpful and our report informative. If you have any questions concerning this report or if we may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our office. Sincerely. Herman 1. Kitt Michael D. Mount field: frejec-t mi*m**c HLK/MDM/pat Attachments cc:. 1)'/ Donald E. Ward Claims Technical Specialist a member of the mccrone group 850 PASOUINELU DRIVE WESTMONT. ILLINOIS 60559 312-887.7100 TECHNICAL REPORT OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE OF ASBESTOS DURING GASKET HANDLING AND PROCESSING AT ANCHOR PACKING COMPANY MARIETTA. GEORGIA MCCRONE PROJECT NO. ME-5396 12 OCTOBER^1988 MCCRONE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES. INC. NORCROSS. GEORGIA ' A MEMBER OF THE MCCRONE GROUP. INC. WESTMONT. ILLINOIS mccrone environmental services, inc. INTRODUCTION AsO'-sr;;s lrvt::3 i ri thu work "iii.ior iro nonsuriiil -is r.n numo^r uf fibres 10 a given vo i nine or' air. OSHA's permissible exposure iimi* is cnr rent: v two tenths 0.21 fibers of asbestos per cubic centimeter of .air. It is in this light that mis study was conducted. This paper presents tne findings of the airborne concentrations of asbestos sampled during the processing and handling of Anchor Packing asbestos-containing gasket and packing material In an attempt to determine their contribution to the occupational exposure of asbestos. METHOD This study was designed to simulate the occupational exposure to asbestos fibers released during cutting, handling, punching, and scribing of Anchor Packing asbestos-containing gasket materials. To aid in this assessment, activities were defined and broken down into individual styles of gaskets, so each could be addressed, monitored and evaluated separately. All activities and operations involving processing and handling of Anchor Packing gaskets were conducted at the Anchor Packing Warehouse Facility in Marietta. Georgia by i Anchor employees. Air monitoring and sample analysis were performed by McCrone Environmental Services.. Inc. personnel. .` DEFINITION OF THE VARIABLES STUDIED * A 1) Handling and Processing: These operations include those activities that represent a workers potential exposure during the process of cutting out and shaping gaskets from Anchor Packing 400, 424. 425. 459. 480 gasket material and 210A packing material. Likely activitie,, s fromI this operation include cutting and punching holes in the material. To measure the contribution of these activities, air samples were collected during cutting (performed using electric scissors), a scribe, and punching using an industrial punching machine. The sampling strategy employed was designed to address any potential exposure to airborne fibers a typical worker might encounter while handling asbestos-containing gasket materials, both at and around the designated mccrone environmental services, inc.  <jper.*: r i u:;S these po-* i.'it Mi "'liUfs i.ti i.im;:;.- ju.'iMi :::*s i'.>:cosnr,,s spec j f . v.i I i y s.impis Jr* j ! rn rripr-soti." w.;r- coiiecr.eil on :. employees perform ng tin* nper.icions irererrud to is persona; s.imuiesi ami those coliecced in close proximity -inii remote areas to tne operations (referred to as general samples!. Prior co any nctuai monitoring or operations. bacKground samples were collected in the plant wnere operations were to be performed to give an indication of the prevalent fiber concentrations in the surrounding air. > Air samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with NIOSH Analytical .Method 7400. This mechod describes the equipment and procedures for collecting, mounting, sizing and counting fibers to determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. The purpose of this mechod is to determine an employee's index of exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. This method is primarily a personal monitoring technique but can be used for area monitoring. RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS Background samples collected at operations sices prior to any monitored activities indicated prevalent fiber concentrations that ranged from 0.003 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air to 0.018 f/cc with a mean of 0.0095 f/cc. Air samples collected during the handling and processing operations were divided into groups of gaskets styles. A total of five styles were used in this study. Personal samples for gaskets ranged from 0.015 f/cc to 0.058 f/cc with a four day mean of 0.035. The general air samples collected during the work that were located about 6 feet away and 40 ft. away from the gasket operations were comparable to the background levels (See Attached Tables). DISCUSSION Samples collected during the handling and processing operations represent an average workers exposure during a minimum of 4 hours working with Anchor gasket material styles. A personal sample was also collected during the mccrone environmental services, inc. process or Anchor Packing mar.erinJs !:vl.> jjiM). T.V1 iio-;:- icvci inuio.u-<i concentrations similar co chose deterred during hanaiing ot` the ocher gasket materials used in chis study. " Fiber ooncentmc ions sampled indicated no significant differences in occupational exposures between material styles. * Fiber concentrations monitored during handling and processing of Anchor Packing gaskets indicate average occupational exposures that are about 1/100 of the current Federal standard of u.d fibers/cc. based on an 8-hour Time-Weighted Average. CONCLUSIONS The occupational exposure to asbestos fibers released during handling and processing of Anchor Packing gaskets style is.-in worst cases measured in this study, ten fold below the currently allowed 0.2 fibers/cc Federal standard and below the Occupational Safety and Health Administrations 0.1 fibers/cc action level. These intermittent peak values may be several orders of magnitude higher than an actual 8-hour Time-Weighted Average during the same activity, none the less these concentrations are still considerably lower than both the current Federal standard and the proposed OSHA standard for an 8-hour TWA. The handling of Anchor gaskets styles should reflect similar conditions of previous years because the gaskets were prepared in substantially the same manner as Anchor Packing prepared the materials from the 1940's to 1970's. It is reasonable to conclude that the same type of gasket material used in the same manner from 1940 through 1970 would produce the same contribution to the overall occupational exposure. In this light, one must then compare the concentrations sampled to the Federal Standards for asbestos during the previous years, those being: . Up to 1946 ............................................................................ 1946 - 1969 ............................................................................ 1969 - 1972 ........................................................................... 1972 - 1976 ...................................... 1976 - 1986 ........................................................................... 1986 - Present .................................................................... 12 mppcf (120 fibers/cc) f 5 mppcf {" 50 fibers/cc) 2 mppcf (" 12 fibers/cc) 5 fibers/cc 2 fibers/cc 0.2 fibers/cc Thus, Anchor Packing gaskets were found to release fiber concentrations ten fold below the current Federal Standards. mccrone environmental services, inc. APPENDIX A _ ' NIOSH ANALYTICAL METHOD P & CAM 230: 'ASBESTOS FIBERS IN AIR" A sample :s cotlecceii by drawing air through a membrane filter by means of a battery-powered personal sampling pump or. for suspected low concentrations of asbestos fibers, a high volume electric pump (ambient air sampling pump I. The filter is transformed from an opaque solid membrane to a homogeneous, optically transparent uei. The fibers are sized and counted using a phase contrast microscopy at 400 x magnification. Asbestos fibers for counting purposes are defined as a particuiate which has a physical dimension longer than 5 (five) micrometers and with a length to width ratio of 3:1 or greater. The accurate calibration of the sampling pump is essential to the correct calculation of the air volume sampled. The frequency of calibration is dependent on the use. care "ana handling to which the pump is subjected. The accuracy of calibration is dependent upon the type of instrument used as a reference. McCrone Environmental Services. Inc. utilizes a one liter buret used as a primary standard which is regarded as the most accurate and lease variable type of calibration for air sampling pumps. For field calibration, a rotameter is a secondary standard, which, due to its high quality, compactness and ease of use. allows on site calibration of the pumps with the filter in line. OPTIMUM SAMPLING TIMES The optimum sampling times are dependent on several factors: 1. Microscope count field area: 2. Pump flow rate: 3. Average airborne concentrations; 4. Counting rule range from 20 to 100 fields: 5. Adequate fiber density to obtain a minimum count of - 10 fibers in 100 fields, which is the least total fiber count that yields an acceptable count precision: 6. Background airborne particulate levels that can reduce the count precision due to an obscuring of fibers on the filter surface. mccrone environmental services, inc. OSHA Federal regulation standards state average exposure as 3-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) limits. .McCrone Environmental Services. Inc. makes every attempt to obtain air samples which provide 8-hour TWA exposures so as -to be comparaole with the Federai standards. NIOSH sampling strategy indicates that a minimum of 70-80* of 3 hours is required to obtain an 8-hour TWa exposure. Sometimes, however, work conditions or shift length on a given day preclude obtaining a sample sufficient to yield an 8-hour TWA exposure. mccrone eavironmentol services, inc. TABLE I Fiber Concentrations During the Handling of Style <100 Sample Description Flow 1 l/min) Time (mins) Fiber Density (f/mm2) Cone. (f/cc) Gasket Style Code Personnel General ( 6 zi General NO ft) 3.0 10.0 10.0 240 262 259 36.6 35.0 45.2 0.046 0.0051 0.0067 400 400 Four Day Avrge (not including amoient and background sanples) I NOTE: In code coluan numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this aethod 2-Insufficlent sampling time for TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration coluan, "TH" too heavily loaded mccrone environmental services, inc. table ri Fiber Concentrations During the Handling of Style 424 Samole Description Flow (1/min) Time (mins) Fiber Density (f/rara2j Cone. (f .'cc) Gasket Style Code Personne 1 General ( -i ft! General NO ft) 3.0 10.4 10.4 127 450 446 57.3 91.7 112.7 0.058 0.0078 0.0097 424 424 Personne1 General 1 6 ft) General (40 ft) 3.0 10.0 10.0 120 140 130 18.4 27.3 16.5 0.019 0.0075 0.0043 424 424 Four Day Average (not including ambient and background samples) I NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling time for TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column. "THM too heavily loaded meefone environmental seivless. te TABLE III Fiber Concentrations Durine the Handling of Style 425 Sample Description Flow (1/min1 > Time (mins) Personnel General ( 6 :t) General (40 ftl 3.0 10.0 10.0 240 32S 270 Fiber Density (f/mm^; Cone. (f/cc) 121.0 26.7 51.5 0.065 0.0073 0.0078 Gasket Style Code 425 425 Four Day Average (net including ajnbient and background sanples) NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling time for TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column, "TH" too heavily loaded mccrone environmental services, inc. TABLE IV Fiber Concencracions During the Handling of Style 459 Sample Description Flow (1/min) Time (mins) Fiber Density (f/mm^) Cone. (f/cc) Gasket Style Code Personnel General I 6 ft) General (40 ft) 3.0 10.0 10.0 120 120 120 Cl CM 13.5 22.9 0.019 0.0073 0.0073 459 459 Four Day Average - (not including ambient and background samples)* I NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling time for TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column, "TH" too heavily loaded mccrone environmental services, inc. TABLE V Fiber Concentrations During the Handling of Style 480 Sample Flow Description ' (1/min) Time (mins) Fiber Density (f/mm-) Cone. (f/cc) Gasket Style ' Code Personnel General ( S ft) General (40 ft) 3.0 10.0 10.0 240 240 240 42.0 46.5 31.3 0.022 0.0075 0.0051 480 460 Four Day Average (not including ambient and background samples) NOTE: In code column numbers indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted Indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling time for TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column. "TH" - too heavily loaded mccrone environmental services, inc. TABLE V[ Background Concentrations Before Casket Handling Sample Descript ion Flow (1 i m i n ) Time (mins) Fiber Densicy (f. mm-) Cone. If cc) Gaskec Style Code Background Background Background Amoienc (Outside 12.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 200 200 200 268 11-1.0 23.7 19.1 22.9 0.018 0.0046 0.0030 0.015 Building! Four Day Average . (not including ambient and background samples) I NOTE: In code column numbers Indicate the following: 1-Number of fibers counted indicates fiber concentrations below sensitivity of this method 2-Insufficient sampling time for TWA (Time Weighted Average) In concentration column, "TH" too heavily loaded mccrone environmental services, inc. p r o je c t Name: Anchor Packing Company ' C lie n t: Korn. K lin e & K u tn c r/P lil In d e lp h ia , PA P r o je c t N o .: MK-G.VJG o f (A z< c Xx R a a MV) !, U ca oe a a Ea ca a a a _ 3 Z Cl : c C3 i- O U -Z JC 0 'J L nc ez > a CM La MV e a Cl V) 6 a aZ s a a-- Cl laa a b. C n a a a a mm. a oa u oa 3\a C L. u a k 6 a cn a M *3 0a M* Cl a Lo b. a a a a a ra ua 3 ca wa Cn h u. a a a a a a a a Cl 3 a r. a o Ea c-* r a a 3 1 a a 3 a* M a 0 6a O \a 04 b. a w a a a oa a c-- a C CM a * Mi Cl Cl E a c m* Ea a u. < a a a a a O K a a >* a 0 c e a< a a a a a a a a > c i a a a cz a A . a a a a Ma a a a wa 3a 0 a i " o-- rr mm mm mm c c o mm m CM o CM m to co o o V* mm V. mm 1 V o 3 e c e 3 30 3 (0 cs uo J3 x 0 MCl 0 z(3 t CM rr O o o mm o o ** Q r* o o N* mm N i Tf o o o o 3 X 3 Cl 5 V) O3 Sm O u -X Cl ou c c zle c -- Cl V) e3 c5 o 0) Cl uL Cl z(0 -- a c*> mm o o co oo oc oo oo -- o to mm o ?o o c* c- o o o o 'S* mm V* Vco1 yr *OOcr T9 C . c R mm 3 6O L. JZ s0 CMl o z1C c mL f o o o o o mm o c- o o o to o o m* 1 oo < z . Cl 3w O3 uO z SI u <0 a Z1C mm o _ o tr o o c o o o mm 1 oo 0 c M* 3 mm O z 31 Cl 0 a c* -- L* w Cl Cl E 0 E V) f5 L. r- 3 0 s uM 3 Cl -- mJ mm E o > m tb u 0 a0 o0 H Urn X o Mi a o Cl <fc* TZ 0 n L. o 0 mm 9 R _3 Cl 0 mJ > O 3 M 0 X C L. > O Cl o mJ mm mm V c** ^m Urn w X cn a eo 3 mm z O tSm Vi 6 &e 30 B 3 mm o u 0) 0 c mmm u m mm o c w wu 09 (0 3 0i. c. 0 0X LI R C 9 Z 3 tn -30R m UL_ b N/P In fo rm a tio n Not Provided N/A - Not A p p lic a b le mm Summary o f Phase C o n tra s t A ir Sample R e s u lts McCronc E nvironm ental S e rv ic e s , In c . Norcros9, ttcorela NOTE: In c o n c e n tra tio n colum n. F0I. - F i l t e r O verloaded, FT0 F i l t e r Tampered W illi o r Dnmnncd U ai* n Nk mCCJ a z* ft) ez6 a a N w 1 > 2 -- o cc z co c 0ia) ft) u ft; C9 &. X CM -Vmm. , --e a fCtO) cz co o 0) u uC ft) s - x CpM z -- mm 6(ft) ' z cftc. 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