Document 4a8QkdV5oaVKRZQ5VbokY3jEN

SAND AND ATTRITOR MILL PROGRESS REPORT JANUARY - FEBRUARY, 1966 Included with this report are two letters, one from Mr. S. H. Carter regarding his usage of high-speed equipment and the other by Mr. John Harner regarding the use of Noodle Stage - Titanium Dioxide. I find that both of these articles are of sufficient interest to be included in this report. Also with this report is a letter from Thompson Weinman and Company showing what advances are being made in regard to some of the easier dispersing inerts. Practically daily, I receive letters of this sort just to show that the Glidden Company is making progress in the field of obtaining better and easier ways to disperse pig ments. Next month I intend to include a series on additives; how and what effect they have in paint systems. This request was made by Mr. W. F. Kendall during the last Technical-Superintendents Meeting. M. W. MALAGA V.. B.~[lUCHNER KOEr.nrc t o . ANSWtiitu ------------------- IOUOVJ UP -........,ILt - N 2211 6L000A93A Code W-l4l W-154 W-158 W-168 W-173 W-180 W-I89 W-192 W-241 w-215 cont1d Material Supplier Cowles Talc "A" (White Soapstone) Stroller Chemical 2* Microwhite No. 25 Sylacauga Prod. 3 Mineralite Mica 3X Mineralite Sales 0 Micronized Mica C-3000 a s p -4o o English Mica Co. 5 Mineral & Chemical 4 Titanox RC Titanium Pigment Ccrp7 3X Asbestine International Talc 2 767 Georgia Talc Whittaker, Clark Daniels 3i Ruby Talc 400 American Chemet 2 Carbolite P-1 Cabot Corp. 2i Sand Mill 3 7 2* 5 5 3 4 25 3i GLD004935 Pigment Dispersion Tests Code Material Supplier Cowles YW-68 YW-68 YW - L12 W-89 G-63 B-96 G-?4 W-10 VI-222 W-35 spec. W-247 W-121 W-154 W-253 W-237 W-235 R-300 R-204 R-240 W-l6 W-25 W-33 W-63 W-69 W-75 W-104 W-121 W-128 RS-O362 Raw Sienna RS-2867 Raw Sienna YO-3587 Yellow Oxide YLO-P288.B Spec Yel ] ow Oxide G-6099 Chrome Green EXR-1064 Ceramic Black M-1011 Super Jet Lampblack Duratint Green 48-23o Moly Orange J-2259 Moly Orange J-226>5 Satintone #1 Form-A-White Barytes ASP-101 (Aluminum Silicate) Chemet 101 D.G. Spec, Hydrite MP Snowflake Atomite Hydrite 10 Microcell 5X Asbestine T-4564 Bahama Blur Pastlux Green 64-8129 X-5-R Barytes Vicron 15-15 (Cal.Carb.) Zeolex 80 YL0-4088 Yellow-Orange Oxide Red Oxide R0-6097 Kroma Red RO-3097 Red Oxide RY-5095 Red Oxide RY-8095 Red Oxide R0-5097 Red Oxide RO-4o97 Silica RD-2 Antimony Oxide Zinc Oxide No. 10 Whiting Permolith 60 H Terra Alba (Cal. sulphate) Eagle Picher White Lead Cameltex (Cal. carbonate) Kadox 515 C. Pfizer ft Co. C. Pfizer ft Co. C. Pfizer ft Co. C. Pfizer ft Co, 6oJ2+i 45 C. Pfizer & Co. 24 0. Pfizer & Co. C. Pfizer & Co. 1 H Federal Color 0 Mineral Pigments 54 Mineral Pigments 64 3 Delore-Nat'l Lead 3 Minerals & Chemicals64 American Chemet 6* Georgia Kaolin 4 Thompson Weinman 6 Thompson Weinman 6| Georgia Kaolin 0 Johns Manville 0 International Talc Holland-Succo 0 Sun Chemical 6 Delore Div-Natfl C. Pfizer ft Co. Lead76+i J.M. Huber Corp. 5i C Pfizer & Co. 5 C. Pfizer ft Co. C. Pfizer ft Co. 3 C. Pfizer & Co. C. Pfizer & Co. C. Pfizer & Co. 0 4 4 C. Pfizer & Co. 0 Illinois Minerals 1 Delore-NatJl Lead 3i American Zinc Sales 54 Georgia Marble Ghciwin-Williams Co. 42? Harshaw Chemical 2 Eagle Picher H.T. Campbell N.J. Zinc 0 4 44-7 Sand Mill 4 64 7 7 7, 54 7+ 64 7 7+ 31 34 7 54 - 7+ 5. P 0 64 74 71 64 7 7 7 -6 64 6 7 4 7+ 7+ 4 6 34 5 5 7+ GLD004936 July, 1966 1-No. 1 4 6 10 10 11 11 11 11 16 16 16 16 16 18 21 21 25 33 33 33 35 35 39 41 62 63 Material PIGMENT DISPERSION DATA Supplier Micron Rang?.. White Lead Sublimed Eagle-Picher .06-16 Supplier Informs. NC #8 Zinc Oxide #352 Leaded Zinc Oxide N. J. Zinc Eagle-Picher .06-16 5-7 NC Barytes Barytes Nytal 200 Asbestine FT Fibrene C400 Cal Fibre Superwhite Silica #39 Silica Velveteen F Becco #410 #1160 Silica R.D. 2 Natl. Lead C.K. Williams R.T. Vanderbilt Int. Talc Sierra Talc Southern Cal. 2-44 1-44 1-44 C.K. Williams C. A. Wagner Tamms E.S. Browning Innes Speiden Illinoil Mineral 1-53 1-2 Silver Bond B Silica Tamms 3-44 Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium Carbonate Whittaker Clark Philip Carey Antimony Oxide Natl. Lead 601 Zinc Oxide AZO-ZZZ33 AAA-427W N. J. Zinc Am. Zinc Eagle Picher .03-.16 3-5 3 NC Chemet #101 ZnO Ozark 12-88 ZnO Chamet 101 D.G. Spec. Am. Chemet Sherwin-Williams Am. Chemet C 45-3 Albacar CaC03 C. K. Williams Whitcarb W Witco (Wyandotte) Commercial Whiting C. A. Wagner NC ,NS C-55 - CaC03 G-45 Zinc Oxide (Spec) Sparmlte Ozide 20 Lead Free Zinc Oxide 11. T. Campbell St. Joe Lead C. K. Williams Sherwin-Williams 2-44 - 18 - 2-2h Glidden CS H S. 3.5 6 4.5 3.5 5.5 2 1% 1% 0 2 14 1.5 1 3.5 2 5.5 4.5 4 7+ 7+ 4.5 6.5 44 22 55 6.5 2 7.5 7 2h Gt. DO 04 93 7 Pigment Dispersion Data (continued) W-No. Material Supplier Micron BS2J&_ Julyt 1966 page 2 Supplier Informa. Glidden S CW S Ozlde 22P Lead Free Zinc Oxide Ozio 413 Leaded Free Oxide X-S-R Barytes Vicron 15-15 (Cal Carbonate) Shervin-Wllliami Sh erwin-Wi11iaras Delore Division, Natl. Lead C. Pfizer 3% 4 1 7+ 7h 6h 1 18a GLD004938 White Lead and Zinc Oxide Pigments These are reactive pigments. The soaps which they form promote pigment wetting, give soft settling and easy re-dispersion and contribute to the moisture resistance of films. In addition, lead soaps are very effective in retarding embrittlement due to oxidation of films of drying oils or alkyds. Zinc sulfide and titanium di oxide are non-reactive. Some years ago, white exterior house paint was made with white lead as the single pigment. Today, pigment mixtures containing titanium di oxide, white lead, zinc oxide and an extender are widely used. Exterior paints made entirely with the non-reactive pigments have been found to give soft films with low gloss retention and water resistance and poor durability. Hie atmosphere in certain industrial districts and in chemical laboratories may contain significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide or other sulphur-bearing gases. These will react with white lead pigments to form lead sulphide , which is black. Fumeproof paints and enamels, therefore, are pigmented with titanium and zinc pigments, the lead pigments cannot be used. Zinc oxide reflects almost all radiation shorter than 3655 Angstroms in wave length. It therefore provides excellent protection of the binder and substrate from ultra violet radiation. About 10% of zinc oxide is frequently used with the titanium dioxide in Interior architectural white paints and enamels to reduce the tendency to yellow on aging. The yellowing is due primarily to oxidation of the oil or other unsaturated compo nents of the binder. The paint is bleached if exposed to sunlight; but on interior surfaces and particularly in relatively dark locations yellowing may be appreciable. Zinc oxide itself does not yellow, and it reduces or delays the yellowing of the other white pigments. At present we are using basic sulphate white lead (W-l) and basic carbonate white lead (W-104). Basic lead sulphate is slightly lower in cost and higher in bulking value than basic lead carbonates, but does not give equivalent performance in paints. Wien replacement is made on a volume basis it requires only 33.3 pounds of the basic silicate white lead to replace 56 pounds of basic carbonate white lead. In mixed pigment formulations it is reported to give comparable durability to basic carbonate white lead. Commercial zinc oxides are available as French process and American process and also as lead free and leaded zinc oxide. The French process UBes zinc metal and the American process zinc ore as the source of zinc. Our lead free zinc oxides are W-4, W-33, W-36, W-172 , W-214 and W-294. Our leaded zinc oxides are W-6 at 35% lead, W-35 at 10-127. lead, and W-249 at 18% lead. A mixture of lead ore and zinc ore is used for producing leaded zinc oxides but this pigment is also made by blending zinc oxide and basic lead sulphate. GLD004 939 Zinc Sulfide Pigments Lithopones , our W-69 high oil absorption, W-119 low oil absorption, and W-207 spe cial treated are coprecipitate of 30% zind sulfide with 707. barium sulfate. These pigments were widely used at one time because they had greater hiding power than white lead or zinc oxide. The introduction of titaniums, lower cost and higher M-Hng power made it impossible for the zinc sulphide pigments to compete on a hiding power per dollar basis and they have been almost eliminated from coatings. Titanium Pigments They are available as pure titanium dioxide and also as composite pigments. Pure titanium dioxide pigments are produced in two crystal forms -- anatase and rutile. The rutile type is much more widely used because of its greater hiding power. Two methods of manufacture are used in making titaniums, chloride and sulphate process. The composite pigments are combinations of rutile titanium dioxide and calcium sul fate in ratio's containing 307. titanium dioxide and 707. calcium sulfate, our codes W-180, W-179 and W-261. Also available in 50% titanium dioxide and 50% calcium sulfate, our code W-214. Our anatase titanium dioxides are W-91, W-177, W-209 and W-200. Rutile sulphate process titanium dioxides are obtainable in semi-chalking and nonchalking types. Our semi-chalking types are coded W-163, W-164, W-238, W-242 , W-255 , VJ-277 and W-291. Each of these grades vary in dispersability, reactivity, durability, gloss, gloss retention and hiding. Our non-chalking rutile sulphate process types are coded W-170, W-208, W-270, W-288 and W-290. Chloride process type rutiles are coded W-213 , W-244 and W-271. Titanium dioxide is considered an extremely non-reactive pigment. It does not 'dis color in contact with hydrogen sulfide or other gases found normally in the atmos phere. It is very resistant to heat: the anatase form changes to rutile at high temperatures and the melting point of rutile is about 3280 *F. In fact, titanium dioxide is so unreactive with paint vehicles that the early pigments were difficult to maintain in suspension, and they settled to a hard mass in the container. They also produced excessive chalking when used in exterior finishes, and did not pre vent the yellowing caused by the vehicle in many interior finishes. Modifications of the particle surface with small amounts of such materials as alumina, silica , and zinc oxide have overcome these deficiencies and have resulted in various pigment grades for specific applications. These include chalk resistant types for tinted exterior finishes, controlled chalking types for white finishes and types which reduce the tendency of interior finishes to yellow in subdued light. The pigment sur face may also be modified to make it more hydropholic or hydrophilic and to facilitate dispersion in organic liquids or water. The resulting pigments range in oil absorption from about 14 to 32, The lower absorption types are used in enamels, the higher in interior flat paints, including latex paints. GLD004940 Anatase pigments generally are lower in resistance to chalking on exterior exposure than rutile. Hence anatase is still used in "self cleaning" exterior white paints which maintain cleanliness of the surface through a controlled degree of erosion. Such surfaces are also easier to repaint, since the paint tends eventually to fail by erosion rather than cracking. Otherwise rutile in pure or extended form is al most universally used in white and tinted paints and enamels. In the manufacture of extended titanium pigments the calcium sulphate may be added during the processing of the titanium dioxide or the two materials may be dry blended. The calcium sulphate must be a highly purified grade of the anhydrite (CaS04) with correct particle: size to meet the requirements for satisfactory titanium-calcium pigment. Several grades of titanium-calcium pigments are available such as the chalk-resistant type for high gloss finishes, the standard types of interior architectural finishes, and other applications. GLD00A9A1 Ideas for possible consolidation of Iron Oxide pigments based primarily on existing Relchard-Coulston approvals. Old Code YW-89 YW-112 B-29 New Code L-209 L-212 B-452 R-18 R-548 R-21 R-321 R-327 D-144 D-141 D-140 Ve suggest that you use YW-89 as a replacement for YW-112. as both are extremely close in all particulars Our "1843" Black Oxide - this is used in an old primer formula - sales 3600# in 1965 - it is a low priced, low quality product. I would suggest replacement of it by a Black Oxide which can be used in high speed units. (Our "724" Black is not approved but will give a 6-6% Hegman in a Cowles). "1843" is used by Quebec, Cleveland, Nubian, Reading, Atlanta, and South America. Our "SUPER AETNA" Persian Gulf Oxide - this product is very rich in color but is hard grinding and varies in Water Soluble Salts. We would suggest a higher priced red, our "1655" which Hr. Malaga has evaluated, as a modern pigment capable of a 7 Hegman grind in high speed equipment. Our "845" Burnt Sienna - used by domestic plants. Our "1041" Burnt Sienna - used by Toronto. Our "904"Burnt Sienna - manufactured as a special for A & E and Nubian. I would suggest studying these three to check possibility of consolidation. The "904" is for a special product so may be necessary but I believe either "845" or "1041" (ordered as "1040" by Toronto) and competitive alternates could be eonsolidated. Glidden purchased 65,250# of "848" in 1965 of which A & E and Reading received the major amount. 6,250# of the special "904" was purchased prlnicpally by Nubian and Toronto bought 10,000# of "1041" under code "1040". Another important idea is to first standardise on only one and then replace it with a blend of high speed dispersion type pure oxides which will develop the shade you require. R-62 R-301 B-194R-546 ----- Our-"1806" Metallic Brown. -- Our "909" Ground Iron Ore. ------------ --------------- The R-62 is a conventional Metallic Brown averaging 85-87% Pe203 and capable of obtaining about a 3 Hegman grind on high speed equipment. The R-301 is an inexpensive Ground Iron Ore averaging about 821 Fe20y content with high speed dispersion characteristics of about a 3 Hegman grind. I would suggest replacement by our "1681" Metallic Brown used by Nubian uder code R-9023. This product and compe titive alternates average 94-96% Fe203, is priced the same as R-62 but higher than R-301 and is capable of obtaining a +6 Hegman reading on high speed equipment. Total sales of both in 1965 were about 50 tons of each. GLD00494 2 Old Code R-50 R-233 New Code R-558 -- Our "1135" Venetian Red. R-557 -- Our "1183" Venetian Red. We sold 3000# of "1135" to Cleveland and no "1183" in 1965 so do not know your total requirements for these pigments. However, as both average 401 Fe203 and 60% Calcium Sulphate and are not qualified for high speed dispersion use, I would suggest replacement by more expensive pure reds. Although exact matches cannot be offered, I would suggest replacement of both by either your code R-300 (new R-500) or the "1655" Red Oxide mentioned as our Alternate for R-18. These are much stronger in tint value, are leas expensive when reduced with your own Inerts and can be dispersed to required fineness in high speed equipment ( I believe we have a closer color match in our "1646" which Mr. Malaga has tested for dispersibility). R-226 R-284 R-545 -- Our "879"Red Oxide (formerly "226"). -- Our "1503" Red Oxide. We sold 4000# of R-284 to Minneapolis and 1500# of R-226 to Cleveland in 1965. I would suggest replacing both by the easily dispersible 90% Fe203 content R-339, new R-539 which is priced 3/4$ higher at 8 3/4$. (This is our "1836" bought principally by Nubian for railroad paint). This pigment, Incidentally, should be considered for all so-called "Spanish type" Oxides. Incidentally, we also have our "585" "Stir-In" type Imported Spanish averaging about 85% Fe203 and capable of producing a 6 - 6 1/2 Hegman grind on high speed equipment at 7 3/4$ per lb. but doubt your interest in it at the present time as a consolidation of current Glldden standards aeem more important. We will, however, promOde "585" sometime in the future. R-341 W-10 YW-18 R-515 L-210 D-161 -- Our IROX Red "1360". I would suggest replacing this with your code R-300, new code R-500. -- Our "1011" Yellow Ochre. Our "451" Raw Sienna. Both of these are small movers. However, as they must still be in some of your formulas, I would suggest re formulating using either YW-89 or YW-112 as the basic pigment toned over to meet your color requirements. We will be more than happy to do the initial laboratory work on this if you could send us color slides of the value tint or masstone - which is to be matched. BN-17 BN-18 BN-20 D-113 D-130 D-171 -- Our "513" Burnt Turkey Umber. -- Our "775" Red Turkey Umber. -- Our "1373" Van Dyke Brown. I believe we could be of service in suggesting blends of your current easily dispersing pures to replace these three pigments. Our laboratory would, however, have to know the major type product each is used for as we can only match for either masstone or tint. GLD00 4 9 43 V* have attached at the request of Nr. B. P. Douglas the latest specifications for the Relehard-Cmilston rev setterlaIs currently approved by the Qlidden Co. Average analysis sheets are attached along with particle else distribution charts and ths grind liatits far Cowles dispersions o tbs individual pigments are as shorn below I IftK.Saft* ** e^ww * ** bn -29 Bs-17 w-18 BR-20 W-56 R-6 1-18 1-21 R-LiO R-62 1-226 *--33 R-267 R-283 *-277 R-300 R-321 R-327 R-337 R-338 R-339 YV-10 YW-68 w-(*9 YV-11/? R-301 R-34l BH-64 1B43 Black Oxide 513' Burnt Turkey Usher 775' Raw Turkey UWber 1373 Tan Dyke Brown 762" Brown 1094-275' Pure Indian Red Bum ARM' Criswcn Red Oxide 845' Burnt tieima 1135 Venetian Red 1806' Metallic drown 226" Red Oxide 1183' Venetian Red 71 Red Oxide 1871' Maroon Oxide li+45 80PTKX Red 1400 SOFTBC Red 1041 Burnt Bienna 904' Burnt Bienna 1440 BOfTIX Red 1683' Maroon Oxide 1836' Red Oxide 1011 Yellow Ochre 451' Raw Sienna 201' RS IRCK Yellow 602'i 1R0X Yellow 909` Ground Iron Ore 1360 IRCK Red 439 Brown \ : O :! ' Y Grind 3-3 1/2H 4u 4H 0 5 6+H 3 1-2H 3 3H 3H 3H 4ll 5H 7 1/2-8H 7 l/2-OH 1-2H 1-2H 7 1/2-8H 4 1/2-pK 6H 3 3H 7 1/2-iiH 7 1/2-8H 3 1/2H 7 1/2-8H 7 1/2-8H coat'd. . GLD00A944 N 2211.01 The Glidden Company -2- We would suggest that you evaluate the following as substitutes for the above pigmsnta noted with asterisks for high speed dispersion use. Particle siae distribution caparisons sire shown on the first atteelmant. Trioes and Bsgean grind limits for the Oliddsn approvals and our suggestions art shown below for your comparison* 6UFKR AETNA'' Crimson Red Oxide - Code 1-18 ' 1655 Red Oxide 3H m 9 1JH 7+H - 14# **1135 Venetian Red **1183' Venetian led 1640' Red Oxide - Code *-50 - Code 1-233 3H m r 3A* 3H m 7 3/4# 7*H m 14 1/4# ***1806' Metallic Brown Code 1-62 3 e 6 1/2# ***'671" Red Oxide - Code 1-267 4H m 5 3/4# ***'909' around Iron Ore - Code 1-301 ` 3|H - 3 1/4# "l68r Metallic Brown 6H - 6 1/2# ("l68l' averages $6% 1*7*03 whereas the others arerags between 75 and 87i depending upon the speeifie oxide.) Our Technical Reports P-l-B on the ' 1681' and M-K on the 1640' and 1655 Red Oxides covering the high speed dispersion of thsse pigmsnts are stapled to attaeheant #1. Incidentally, 1 believe all three have been evaluated by Nr. Malaga and reports are undoubtedly on file covering his results. Attachment Includes particle site distribution of all products now being purchased from Reichard-Coulston by the Oliddsn Co. The Andreasen Pipette method was used In all oases excepting for BN-29 which Is a eagnetlc Blaci Iron Oxide. This particular product wee determined by microscopic methods. 1 might note that our pigments art mechanically treated to reduce particle site; they do not contain any ehtmlcal or surfaoe treatments. This includes the plgasnts we are suggesting as replacements in paragraph one above. The average analysis sheeti for each of the products now approved plus the three suggested as replacements for six of your present standards are included in this letter as attachment #J. 1 think that you will be interested in our comments on your general code class ification! . The BN code classifications cover earth color Browns, the naturally occurring organic pigment and synthetically manufactured Brown Iron Oxides. The Burnt and Haw Uabere can be dispersed on high speed dispersion equipment to a 4-5 Hegnan grind in alkadixed oil not linseed oil whereas tbs synthetic Browns will range from 7 1/2 to 8 Bsgman reading. The "1373* Van Dyke Brown, which is a naturally occurring organic material, cannot be used satisfactorily in high speed dispersion equipmsnt because of its hydroscopic moisture. The R code classifications cover all Beds including the earth color Burnt Blannas which are capable of around a 1-2H reading in high speed dispersion equipment, combinations of ground Iron ores which will develop from a 3 1/2 to 6 Hegroan grind depending on the particular pigment, Venetian Rede which are it ' coat'd. . . GLD00A945 The Glidden Company 3- mnufactured by the calcination of ferrous sulphate and ealeiua oxide and which will give approximately about a 3 Hsgman grind and the fuure Red Oxides which will give you a 7 l/2*8H. The W code claaslflcations cover the earth color taw Siennas and Tellow Ochre which will develop about a 3H reading and cheaieally Manufactured, precipitated Yellow Oxidea which will develop a 7 l/2-SH. I an also attaching as attachMent #4 a latter written to the food and Drug Administration back in i960 which I think you will find of intareat because of its brief description of the Manufacturing procedural used to produce Pure Yellow Iron Oxides, pure Red Iron Oxides and Venetian tads. Hoping that this infornatlon will Meet your requlreasnts, we renaln Very truly yours REICHARD-COULSTON, INC GLD004946 Attachment #2 V\` ' . The Gliddtn Co., Cleveland, Ohio Particle Aire Distribution of Reicbard-Coultton pigment* approved and supplied to the OUAden Co. Our Code Tour Code 1843' Black Oxide BH-29 513 Burnt Turkey Ueber IN-17 '775 Raw Turkey Ueber BN-18 1373 Van Dyke Brown BN-20 ' 762 Brown BN **96 ' 109>*-275 Four* Indian Red R-6 SUmARTM' Crimson Red Oxide R-lO '845" Burnt 8ienna R-21 1135' Venetian Red R-50 '1806' Metallic Brown R-62 226' Red Oxide R-226 '1183' Venetian Red 1-233 f)?l' Red Oxide R-?<>7 lB71' Maroon Oxide R-283 '1445' BOma Red R-297 "1400' BOTTIX Red R-300 ' 1041" Burnt Sienna R-321 904* Burnt 8ienna L440' soma Red R-327 R-337 40 & 2 & 12 Z 100 100 99.9 98.1 95.4 92.3 100 98.8 97.2 96.0 90.0 86.0 99.5 97.5 97.0 86.5 86.8 68.4 40.0 54.0 11.0 4.3 38.5 26.0 100 97 93 87 74 50 100 100 99.1 98 94 35 100 100 97.8 92 89 tJ.j 100 95.8 89.9 83 71.6 51.2 100 99.5 97.0 89.0 78.0 6?.0 100 99 85.8 74.0 59.4 39.3 100 100 99.2 96.8 89.2 1T.0 100 99.5 97 89 100 93 91.5 02 78 ol! b5 44 100 99.2 95.5 89.3 77.9 59 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 97 90 03 72 54 99.8 97 93 87 74 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 1683" Maroon Oxide 1836' Red Oxide 1011 Yellow Ochre "451' Raw Sienna R-33& R-339 YW-10 YW-60 100 99.2 95.5 89.3 77.9 59 100 100 97.4 91.5 76.5 A.'j 100 99 97 94 89 60 100 98 93 88 73 52 GLD004947 cont'd. . . N 2211.02