Document 4L3ZdgVgQxj8qxLnbXyD3oQj

. ROWING IMPORTANCE OF SYNTHETIC RESINS IN COATINGS Pictures and Inscriptions palmed on Egyptian tombs and Chinese temples as tong ago as 2000 B.C. mark the earliest known use of paint-like materials. Paint technology has still not changed Its predominant reliance on naturally occurring materials, symbolized by pails of white lead and linseed oil. True, modernisation has seen the development of new pigments, belter vehicles, and more efficient manufacturing techniques, but the old stand-bys are still In use. - The development of synthetic resins, however, has freed industry from dependence on natural resins and has enabled the production of faster-drying and more-durable and more-resistant protective coatings than could be made from natural raw materials alone. The nitrocellulose- lacquer development in the early 1920's revolutionized automobile finishing. The discovery of alkyd resins In the late 1920's and the introduction of latex paints in the late 1940's further broadened the outlets for protective coatings aod Increased the sales of these products. Now, annual sates of protective-coatings materials amount to more than 600-million gallons, valued at more than l.S-billlon dollars. ', ' ' ROLE OF PLASTICIZERS IN PROTECTIVE COATINGS Success of the new synthetic resins in protective coatings often depends largely on the modi fiers Used with them. Plasticizers--one of (he most important types of modifiers--can im prove such vital characteristics as flow, levelling, brushability, impact resistance, drawability, gloss, and luster. As a basic producer of more than 80 different plasticizers, Monsanto Chemical Company is an Important partner with synthetic-resins manufacturers and protective-coatings producers in the selection and development of the particular plasticizer system that imparts the best all-around durability, performance, and economy for every coating application. This bulletin is presented to help protective-coatings manufacturers formulate better finishes. It should be remembered that each suggested Hotting formulation should be carefully evaluated by the lormulator In both laboratory and service tests before any final formulation Is based on Informuiion contained in this bulletin. Of couise, Monsanto's technical-service representatives are prepared to offer unbiased recommendations for plasticizer systems to meet any petform. ance requirement, without obligation. \ TOWOLDMON0004945 WATER_PCB-00001' CONTENTS MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CELLULOSIC COATINGS ............... ............. 1 Nitrocellulose..................................................................................... ................ - 1 Ethyl Cellulose ..................................................................................................... 7 Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate...................... ................................................ -...............U Cellulose Acetate.................... .--....--............................................... - ---- IS MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN VINYL COATINGS........................................... 17 Polyfvlnyl Acetate) .................................... 17 Poly(vinyl Chloride) ................ -..................... --........................-.............-........... 23 MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN RUBBERCOATINGS .......................................30 Chlorinated Rubber ......................................................................... -........................30 Chlorinated Polypropylene.................. ................................................... ----- --------- 36 Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers.................................................................................37 Synthetic Rubber .......................... *0 MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN OTHER RESIN COATINGS............................ 41 Epoxies ............................................................................ ................. -...................--.41 Acrylics ................-.................................................................................................... .43 Polyamides................................................ -................................................................. 46 Zeln ..................................................................................-.......................................... 46 Varnishes and Alkyds........................................ -..................................................... .49 Silicones .............................................................................................................-.........49 Phenolics .................................................. ,...........................'....................................... 30 Melamine.... ...'................. _.............. -........................ ................................................ SO Shellac ........................................................ ................................................... -.........-SO OTHER MONSANTO PRODUCTS IN PROTECTIVE COATINGS.................... 51 Resin Additives .............................................................................. 51 Coating Modifier....................................................................... -................................ 51 Antioxidants..................... ......-............................... -...................................................51 Catalyst / Clarifier................................................. 51 Odor-Masking Agents.................................... -............................................. ............52 Preservatives -........................................................................................................... -.52 Flatting and Thickening Agents...............................................................................52 MONSANTO TECHNICAL SERVICE..........................................................................52 SHIPPING ........................................... ..................................................................... .........52 TECHNICAL LITERATURE ....................................,,................................................54 IWhllwobtwOHohNIoWMUrwdmHtwMiMiXtfltiMWMrfwadurthiwitlrtrtai OfHUM.MOhSAMOKAUSfiO WAtRAHMIS A! TOTH flT'US* 09 nUCHANIABIlltl M AhV MODUCTl ttrt&MO TO. a |utranlM at utulwlMy tatotti lion noon can. MNAWWMNUMUMWWlHW*. M* A*toMUjMlulstp It *>} <S> 0) TOWOLDMON0004946 WATER_PCB-00001456 MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CEtiULOSIC COATINGS NITROCELLULOSE Nitrocellulose is the basic lilm former for lacquers. Both the R. S. (regular-soluble) anil the S.S. (spirit-soluble) grades are generally used in lacquers. Films applied by these lacquenj pos sess the following characteristics: Fast drying Clarity Color stability Hardness Flexibility Mar and scuff resistance These lacquers are used for a wide variety of coalings, including the following typical appli-. cations: - Wood and furniture lacquers Plastics lacquers Paper coatings and impregnants Metal lacquers ' Automobile lacquers ' Textile coatings . Aerosol lacquers Bronzing lacquers Nitrocellulose films, however, are quite brittle without plasticization. A wide variety of |jhstidzcrs Is used to improve the gloss, flexibility, and adhesion of these films; and the use) of plasticizers increases the solids content of nitrocellulose films. The performance of varfi Monsanto plasticizers in nitrocellulose is shown in Table I. TABLE I--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN NITROCELLULOSE FILM flasflclter (10 rHRJ FUitbMty JSehopper Feld Cycle*| Tensile Strength Elengatlon 1%) Control (none) Dibutyl Phthalatc SANTiaiEU* 160 Triphenyl Phosphate Tricresyl Phosphate BANTICIlEfc Mi SkMTiaitlL S . 10 10 14 24 _ 10 16 $660 2740 1610 4480 1220 2210 2210 6 4 10 8 24 7 11 ) Relative to permeability of unplaeticited film at 100%. * lAWtieittk! MtMUIt CWk*l Ctupthr T4a**rl. lUfiMfKl to U.S. Patent Of/k*. Moisture Permeability* m 100 65 10 56 28 41 62 TOWOLDMON0004947 WATER_PCB-00001457 The use of nitrocellulose lacquers on furniture has assumed large proportions. These lacquers give excellent protective coatings. Shown below are several examples of wood-finishing lac quers: Ingredients \ - R.S. Nitrocellulose (Utcc.)' R.S. Nltroeeilulow (V^'iec.)^ R.S. Nftrocellulote (5-6 set.) Millie ktiin (58% in toluene) Non'OxiiJuing Alkyd (60% n..) SANTOLttK* MHP SANTicften 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate SANTiCttcx 165 or Dioctyl Phthalate Zinc Stearate Pane Caitor Oil ' Hi-Flash Naphtha Toluene Xylene Ethanol Itopropanol Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Celloiotw** Acetate Methyl Ethyl Ketone . . 1' .. 60 10 1__1_0 -IS- 120* 18 210 105 17 ,1_8 55 200 125 --. Jk Part* by Weight 1_0. 0_ 70 60 _15 5_. _0 ' __ _115 _' __ 55 60 1_2_0 190 <) Maleic retin-baied wood landing sealer b) Clear, high-glow furniture lacquer with good poliihing propcrtit* 0 Clear bruiMng lacquer d) 7S*per cent nonvolatile In ethanol ) Sine Stearate Pane composition: 1* 100 .. 40 10 _10 _1_7 15 155 70 15 6_ 5 wn 150 Ingredient* R.S. Nitrocellulose (5-0 tec.) Zinc Stearate Magnesium Carbonate Caitor Oil Hi'FUrh Naphtha Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate * a*wmiTii Mmmmo QkbIciI Coopur tiedcaurfc. lUtitUied la U.8. Piuat OffUe. * Tndmufc ar Uaio* CtAti* Co*. Parh by Weight 25 50 1 8.5 90 IB 45 * 17 ) or*1**8 TOWOLDMON0004948 WATER_PCB-00001458 Another broad area of application for nitrocellulose lacquers is in automobile finishing. Shown below are suggested formulations for the three coats used in the build-up of an automoblll finish: Ingradiants Nitrocellulose (W*ec.)4 Nitrocellulose (Wcc.) Non-Drying Coconut Alkyd Blown Soya Oil a Sakticizek 160 or Dibutyl Phthalatc Dioctyl Phthalate Tricrcsyl Phosphite Magnesium Silicate Fibrous Magnesium Silicate Dispersing li Grinding Agent Zinc Chromate Red Iron Oxide Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Lacquer Diluent Toluene Xylene Ethanol Isopropano! Butanol , Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Butyl Cellosolve Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone <) Rust-inhibiting primer ' ' . ` 4 __ IOO-f SOf-a ' .... 9/ 9 29 __ 10.9 9..3,, ' __ 29 10 ... - 13 20 .. 9 b) Tint bate that can- be pigmented to prepare a glossy finish c) Clear, exterior metal lacquer . d) 75-per cent nonvolatile in ethanol e) 25'per cent solution in solvent consisting of: fh farts by WalgM ... 100* 56s 49 19 ' --. ... > ... __ 95 1$ 195 ' __ _ 65 55 __ 110 __ 55 too ... 75 __ 24 .. ,. . .. ... 160 35 95 60 Solvents Toluene Ethanol Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate .far Can! 50 10 5 20 15 /) Add indicated ingredients (60% of the non-drying alltyd) after other materials have been grot nd in a ball mill. . 1 g) 65-per cent nonvolatile in xylene. I \ $ 02212 TOWOLDMON0004949 WATER_PCB-00001459 Clarity fend adhesion are especially important whenever clear or pigmented coatings are applied to metal surfaces. Shown below are example formulations for several metal lacquers: Ingredients . R.S, Nitrocellulose (Vi-sec.)* R.S. Nitrocellulose 0/rc.) R.S. Nitrocellulose (20*sec.)* Non-Drying Alkyd (609* NV) $ANTtlTt MHP ,, Shellac Solution (17ft in methanol) Demtr Solution (50ft in xylene) Santee* ISO or Dibutyl Phthalate Tricreiyl Phosphate Toluene Xylene Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Butyl Lactate ' V SO 20 20 25 . __ U 175 56 55 115 -- V 7* Parts by Walght 100 _ ___ 100 .... 125 12 __ 7.7 -- 45 n-- ... 145 140 ... 40 25 85 45 200 45 -- 10* __ --100 -- 42 -- --12 --150 60 05 65 .-- a) General-purpose, clear, metal laequer b) Lacquer with exceptional flexibility and adhesion for collapsible tubes, such as toothpaste tubes e) Cletr, silver lacquer d) Clear, brass lacquer e) 75`per cent nonvolatile in ethanol Various other metal and specialty lacquers are illustrated below: Ingredients ll R.S. Nitrocellulose (1/rec.)* R.$. Nitrocellulose O/j-see.)* 1 Cocottut Oil Alkyd (Non Drying) Dibutyl Phthalate Diisqoecyl Phthalate Santolitk MHP Aluminum Powder ' Carbqn Black Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Dirperting/Grinding Agent Proctifcd Clay Toluene Xylene - Ethanol Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Butyjl Cellesolve Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Dichtorodifluoromcthane . - 22 -- 100 75 ____ 11 __ 1 170 16 45 __ 105 65 . * - ) Hot-spray, exterior, metal lacquer b) Aluminum laequer for a chrome finish r) Clear aerosol lacquer 4) White aerosol lacquer r) 75'per cent nonvolatile in ethanol 60'ptr cent nonvolatile in xylene Ilk IS' Pert* by Weight SO 50 125f __ 22 __ 30 __ -- __ __ 11_5_ 55 40 115 155 _ _100 60 24 __ __16 . __ -- --__ s.o_ ___ 52 426 700 144 100 __ 55 16 _ 12 __ 65 4 _2 _ _ __ 15 100 ' 590 4 02^ TOWOLDMON0004950 WATER_PCB-00001460 fopcr has become an important area for coatings and lacquers. Most proteclive-coated papers are vsed for canons and labels. Lacquer films have also made washable wallpaper possible. Shown below are four example formulations of common paper lacquers. Nitrocellulose is the base for fingernail lacquers, of which formulation 19 is typical. Ihtedi*n(s K.8. Nitrocellulose (l/j*ec.) S.S. fylitroceUuloie O/riec.) " BUcpr* H4055 Diet^ylene glycol ester of terrene dibatie aeid SAMtlciZEft 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate DJeyrtohexyl Phthalate Desnhr Rciin (Dewaxed) Paraffin Wax SantOute MHP Toluene Ethanol Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate 16* 100 -- 71 26 ... 200 40 40 . 40 $0 17* 'll* Parts by Wolqfct __ 100 100 21 " 6 50 17 26 52 16 .16 6 20 5 >00 65 60 65 60 65 ' 60 170 120 IT* 100 " z --_5.0. too >50 50 200 150 m) Heat'aealing coating for paper. Dioctyl, dibutyl, and dicydohexyl phthalate*, a* well at tricrcsyl phosphate, can be interchanged at the platicizer with little effect in performance. The S. S. nitrocellulose would give a slightly better hjeat'ieal test on glaisine. b) Moisture-proof, hcat-scaling paper lacquer c) Fingernail lacquer * TnjkaMk (t Carr CUaiub, Inc. tor vinyl chloride-vinyl ictiitt copolymers .* . 02212^ TOWOLDMON0004951 WATER_PCB-00001461 One of the expanding applications for nitrocellulose lacquers is as coatings for plastics mater ials. Shown below are example formulations of various lacquers for plastics: IngredUnH R.S. Nitrocellulose (Vi-sec.) \ R.S. Nitrocellulose (5-6-sec.) Super Bftacite* #1001 Oil-reactive phenolic resin Non-oxiduing Allcyd Resin Dioetyl phthalate ` * $AHTJCtft 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate Dihydroabietyl phthalate . Partially Eiter/ied PentaenthriioJ-Maleic Rosin Partially hydrogenated methyl ester of wood.rosin Low-color blown castor oil Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) VM tf P Naphtha Toluene Xylene Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Amyl /[tttite Butyl CsMesalt* Methyl (Ethyl Ketone Methyl Hsobuty! Ketone to* 100 -- 100 * 1L 1.. 25 ,,62.5 525 155 __ 170 " -- J|5 . 22' fertt by Weight __ 100 too 100 50 90 170 1080 -- - '-- 50 _ 100 too -- -- 410 _ --55 -- -- 770 254 -- . - 100 -- 2--5. 125 _ -- ---- 290 '-- 90 175 -- -- 50 -- Typical pigments and dyes can be incorporated by normal techniques. i) Lacquer with good adhetion to molded phenolic plastics b) Lacquer for acrylic plastics (automobile ornaments) c) Coating for ethyl cellulose plastics including the "soft" types d) Lacquer for Mylar** and lareo-coated cellophane, has excellent toughness, adhesion, and flexi bility. Dries in one minute at 100* C. _ 0) j' 0) Tisdsnart (I hUkU Oiakil Udwtrirs ** TnfcMifk hot dt Numuo tf Ce. 6 TOWOLDMON0004952 WATER_PCB-00001462 9 0 6THYL CELLULOSE five basic properties make ethyl cellulose useful in many types of finishes and coalings: Color retention and stability Low-lemperalure flexibility Selective solubility Alkali resistance ' As a result of these properties ethyl cellulose Is used in a wide variety of coatings, includ (he following: . Cable lacquers Aluminum-foil coatings Paper lacquers . Gel lacquers ' Plastics lacquers Furniture finishes . Sanding scalers Metallic finishes Decalcomania lacquers ' Floor-covering lacquers Bronzing lacquers Stop-off lacquers A wide variety of plasticisers is used with ethyl cellulose to develop its best properties most satisfactorily meet the requirements of each particular application. Table II presi evaluations of various Monsanto plasticizers in ethyl cellulose with an ethoxy content of ft 48 to 49.5 per cent: . ' TABLE 11--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN ETHYL CELLULOSE (48- TO 49.5-% ETHOXY) FILM PUstietiar (IS tHR) Yield Point jp*i| Control (none) Dibuty) Phthalate Diphenyl Phthalate Tricresy! Phosphate Santicixer |40 Triphenyl Phoiphate Sakticizer E'15 Banticixer B-16 Banticixer M'17 Sakticizer l*H Sakticizer 8 Banticixer 9 Aroclor* 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 4465 6755 1625 5405 4550 5405 4550 4265 5485 4125 5475 4620 4620 4905 5475 6185 7110 8555 i) sr excellent C ss good P spoor Tensile Strength (p.l) 8960 5120 9680 7465 8515 6685 7785 4905 7965 7750 6900 7525 7595 7540 7825 8055 9050 Elongation (%) 50 88 88 48 88 80 40 86 8B 82 84 40 86 . 80 28 22 22 Hardness (relative) 100 85 80 70 80 70 6$ 50 60 80 70 70 75 80 90 105 125 Asoclmi Mmuim Ckainl Coe*ew T**4earl. auitmi** R U.I. Fai OHies. Voletlllly E* G E B B B G G 0 B G O P P o E G FUxtbiB ) on llgf I Exposui E* B G B B B B B B B B B o 0 o 0 P 7 TOWOLDMON0004953 WATER_PCB-00001463 \O C * f :" , * '-y ft., | j?^***' t'\ h'J . /%- ,v / $ \ 'vC . H I: Jjl ; J :.> t t/'i `t'f'}:?:* J /> -V-a. J . % kv ^* 4*% .'1 i** *6* ... f <-\**\1l 4 -:. ............... Ethyl ceIluIosa-ba$ed lacquers Improve the gloss and protect the appearance of high-quality wallpapers. Shown below are several suggested starting formulations for ethyl cellulose-based lacquers: Ingredients Ethyl Cellulose * Arocior 1254 Aroclor 5460 Diphenyl tyuhalate Tricrciyl Phosphate . Dioctyl Phthalate * Liquid poly(methylstyrene) ' Partially csterified pentaerythritol-maleic rosin Octylphendl Ptntophen* 65 (p'tert-amylpheno!) $antocbi>*FRC silica set Antioxidant - Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Epoxy stabiliser Toluene Xylene *' Ethanol Butanol ' Butyl Acetate Celloiolve Butyl Celtsiolve 24s 2*1 26< 27d Farts by Weight lOOf 64 204 .... .. .. -- 100* ' ... 100 ... * 20 ' --- ... . -- 2.) 0.4 200 4 1120 _ 280 . .. -- 466 146 117 29 ._.. 1001 __ 72 -- _ 1006 ... _ __ 14 27 -- 1.8 Id -- -- 244 " 107 * 42i 85 __ 29 107 ,. __ _ ... 28* 100< -- -- 22 ... 100 -- 178 __ 252 236 154 108 142 Alkali-resistant white lacquer /) 47.5-49.0-% ethoxy, 10 ep Hard lacquer for rigid surfaces f) 47.5-49.0-% ethoxy, 14 cp . Tough lacquer for many surface! h) 47.5*49.0'% ethoxy. 22 cp Wallpaper lacquer . 0 45.5-46.8'% ethoxy, 200 cp Polystyrene lacquer (to minimise polystyrene crating, polystyrene solvents are kept at a minimum) Tnfcairt l Pcn&ult Cfccakati. 1m. Iamvoum Menuaie Chemical Ceaaaay Tndcairl Retisiml <a U.8. hast Office. 0 O'! i TOWOLDMON0004954 WATER_PCB-00001464 Ethyl cellulose Is widely used as a resin in protective metal finishes, such as the following suggested starting formulations: Ingratfianti Ethyl cellulose (45.556.S'% ethoxy) $uj|>er Bec^actte #1001 Glycerine eater of hydrogenated wood rotin RiftlMiNE* SSI melaraine'formaldehydc reain Aroclor 1254 ^ A^Oclor $460 ," Tricfoyl phoaphate Trifphcnyl phoaphate SaJkticizer B*16 6^Ktokox* antioxidant Ultraviolet-light Screener Eppxy Stabilizer - Xylene laopropanol Butyl Acetate ) Chromium lacquer b) Aluminum-foil lacquer it* 10CK ... 50 _ 41 ! 1 1 1012 200 6S 20* >|V Parts by Wal|M I0___0_< . )U --25-.5 . 1004 46.1 ____ 10 10 ` _ _._, 26? 66.1 -- 261 --66.1 <) 14 cp d) 10 cp )2 10-0- --MSO ---- ___2_0 no s--o 'f Solid plasticizers such as dicyclohexyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, and ^koclor 5460 ar4 used in flow-back lacquers to give the desired flow-back characteristics. The flow-back is us| ually achieved by brief heating to about 350F. Formulations 33 and 34 illustrate the um of solid plasticizers in typical flow-back lacquers based upon ethyl cellulose: Ingredients Ethyl eclluloae (47.5-49.0'% ethoxy, 10 cp) Paitiftlfyesterified pentaerythritol-malfic rosin Aroclor 5460 or liquid poly(methylstyrene) Triphenyl Phosphate Dicyclohexyl Phthalate Catnauba Wax '' Toluene Ethanol too __ >0 16.1 __ U 240 60 ' Parti by WaljM . .* fcuiuntt and Santoxoi: Monuuo Cbeatfnl Conpany TridcmuU. IU|Uuit4 i U.S. Ptiui Office, )4 . 100 16.9 ,,1_1.7 16.1 1.7 510 IS TOWOLDMON0004955 WATER_PCB-00001465 The following suggested starting formulations illustrate the use of ethyl cellulose in two strip* pable coatings (Formulations 35 and 36) and in a hot-melt coaling (37): \ Ingradiants Ethyl cellulose (47,3-49.0*% cthoxy/SQ cp) ParapUx* RG*2 polyester ruin Super iBcchacite # 2000 Nop-oil-rcactive phenolic ruin Hydrogenated wood rosin Raw pastor Oil Hydrogenated Castor 03 Paraffin Wax (m.p., 1>S*F) Dioctyl phthalatc A*ocM>* 1254 Soybean ledthin Octylpbenol Stearic Acid Penraphen Non-leafing aluminum . Hcpuinc Toluene Ethanol hopropanol IP too tl , - __ 61 ,, .... 22 8.7 ,L 12 114 326 196 65 65 3b Parts by Weight 100 .... 100 ^' 2 2 .i . . 306 184 61 61 37< 100 -- 100 133 1*3 167 33_ ,, n __ a) Aluminum colored 6) Solvent btied . c) low moisture permeability, good heat-sealing characteristics* and excellent low-temperature flexi bility The use of ethyl cellulose In size emulsions is shown in the following formulation, which Is made by dissolving the resins and plasticiser in the solvents and the emulsifying agent in the water. The lacquer phase is added to the water phase with agitation. The resulting crude emulsion Is homogenized by one pass through a Premier Eppenbach or Montar-Gaulin mill. The resultant finished emulsion is.filtered through & 30-mesh doth. IngradtaMs Lscqucr Phase Ethyl cellulose (47.5*59.0*% ethoxy. 100 cp) Durrs** 5S0 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Triphenyl phosphate Xylene . Hi-flash Naphtha Butanol Water Phase Potassium Oleate Water . *Tn6mA Ml kAa tlui Co. **Tia4ttik si Hookir Qrakil Com- 38 Parts by Walght 100 20 70 270 160 50 S 325 \ 10 0- TOWOLDMON0004956 WATER_PCB-00001466 CELLULOSE ACETATE-BUTYRATE Cellulose acetate-butyrate resins display excellent low-viscosity properties, making attainable high-nonvolatile-content lacquers for spray, roll-coat, or brush application. On evaporation o f the solvent, these lacquers produce films with the following characteristics: . ` . Adhesion Clarity Toughness Heat resistance Solvent resistance ' . . Cellulose acetate-butyrate can be utilised in a broad range of air-curing coatings, including thi following: Clear and pigmented meta] lacquers. Paper and textile coatings and ifnpregnants Plastics lacquers Hot-melt coatings Wood lacquers Protective peclable coatings Glass and rubber coatings - . Cellulose acetate-butyrate resins are available in 17-, 27-, 38-, and 50-weight-per cent butyrai content. Since the application of these surface coatings cover such a .wide spectrum, the selec tion ol the best combination of cellulose acetate-butyrate resin and plasticisers for a specific use poses complex problems. The performance of various Monsanto plasticizers in the four com mon cellulose acetate-butyrate resins is shown in Table III. 3I 0221257 TOWOLDMON0004957 WATER_PCB-00001467 TABLE III--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CBAUIOSE ACETATE-BUTYRATE FILM 17-Wt. %-Mynl 27-W*. %-Myral M-WI. 80~Wt- ^TW>iT HxRelttf \m wr) Swerd TnkSIb Strength Bsnyfai Sward tP**l (%) Hardness Tensile Sliength tpril Bengalee Sward (%) Hardness TensSe Strength Ip**) Bengalee 1%I Hardness Tensile Strength (p**l Dimethyl Phthafate SI Dibutyl Pfcthalate so Dioctyl Pbthalate S6 Dieydohexyl Phthalatc 38 Diphenyl Pbthalate -- Saktcctcer 140 48 Dioctyl Adipate 34 Santiozer E-lS . is Santiozer B*16 24 Santiozer M-17 u Santiozer 140 26 Santiozer 141 36 Tricresyl Phosphate 28 Triphenyl Phosphate 40 Santiozer l'H 32 SaimcazR S 31- 6600 3900 .4100 6000 -- 3800 3600 3200 3200 3500 4000 3000 4000 4800 4000 3300 $ 22 8 8 -- 21 9 22 ' 23 18 21 18 15 15 21 17 58 . 8600 40 4600 44 3700 38 6300 36 7500 42 4500 -. 48 5900 50 6000 28 4100 40 5000 48 4900 46 5900 40 4700 32 6900 32 1500 19 29 12 25 18 ' 39 30 26 15 20 21 21 28 16 IS 46 38 44 30 42 42 28 34 40 52 42 44 54 40 46 34 4200 1800 2900 3900 3800 2700 2100 2000 1800 1800 2700 2300 3000 2500 3900 1800 14 54 12 38 19 26 31 k 24 28 40 13 30 12 14 14 t20 15 18 18 22 13 30 15 20 20 40 10 30 46 28 27 36 4500 2300 ,1400 " 2500 2800 1600 1200 1400 1200 1500 1600 900 1700. 1700 2600 1500 i%) 9 9 IS vt ' IS IS s IS 17 19 15 10 17 15 SI 14 SS2T220 o 0o TOWOLDMON0004958 WATER_PCB-00001468 Sbovvo txiow are several example formulations for important cellulose acetate-butyrate lacquerll 1 Ingredients n* 40* 41* 424 farts by Weight Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate too Amberol* $20 hard rosin-modified maleic resin Acrylic Ester Resin ' tbc S55b** (50% n.v.) - .. AftOCLOR 1260 Aaoclor 1262 Ahoclor 5460 ' 7, 5 Ttkrcsyl Phosphate pANTicitea 409 4antolite MHP SohflSO*** 100 , _ __ ., Toluene 240 Ethanol butanol 60 , Jiobuty! Acetate t Acetone * Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 25 ,, .T .. Dow Corning 200 Silicone Fluid (1000 cs) 100 100 m7m9 _ __ rr .. ' _ 21.6 _.._.. ...... so , ,, 475 200 105 50 ... __ 50 264 50 __ . _ 100 42 25 25 _.. __ 250 560 417 __ __ 167 $2.5 a) low-cost, flame-resistant lacquer for paper coating and impregnation b) Paper lacquer with exceptional adhesion to Inked surfaces c) High-gloss paper lacquer . d) Lacquer for cellophane, cellulose acetate-butyrate, and cellulose acetate <) General-purpose metal and metal-foil lacquer (gold, silver, aluminum, and chromium) 41* It.fO. 22 _ --22 15 51 2$6 14 57 .. ... 106 OX Hot-melt coatings constitute an important area of application for J^-sec. cellulose acetati butyrate lacquers. The use of dioctyl phthalate as the standard plasticizers for hot-melt coa|t| bugs Is shown in the following formulas: - *' Ingredients Scllulosc Acetate-Butyrate (Vi-sec.) Vroclor 1260 >ioctyl Phthalate titanium Dioxide (non-chalking rutile) halcium Carbonate (precipitated) [antowhiteI Powder Refined Antioxidant bdor-matking Agent 44* to. o 67 IS ns o.s 0.02 4S* farts by Weight 100 6,,6.5 0.17 -- 46* 100 $0 .2.0 ... 0.2 . a) Pigmented fiberboard knife-coating for exterior exposure . b) Clear melt coating for heavy, one-coat film: economical (no tolvcnt km) and low application hu <) Clear, low-cost, flame-retardant melt Mating . . TnAaiit of Mn V Hu Cp. Titdmiil of Franc*. Caapbttl ft Dartmi. Inc. ' Tradroait of Emo Suirfitd Oil Co. \ tlAMTOVNiui Moamaio Cbcnital Coapiar Trademark. tt|imnd in U.S. Parent Office. o TOWOLDMON0004959 WATER_PCB-00001469 Strippable spray coatings are increasingly useful In various industries. Cellulose acetate-butyrate provides an excellent base for coatings of this type. The following are two typical applications: Ingredients \ Cellulose Aeetate-Butyrate (V*ee.) Aroclor 1260 AROCLOR 5460 ._ Trieresyl Phosphate 8ANTI01RR 409 Dioetyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate Sodium Dickromatc Toluene BthanOl Isopropanol Butyl Aeetatc Acetone Methyll Ethyl Ketone . 47* 100 . 60 SO ' __ 1.6 m 6S.5 __ 26.5 47.5 47.5 ferta by Weight 48* too __ 27.8 -- . 45 9 0.7 $12 m,, 102 __ 97 a) Flame-reiistant. brushable coating b) Temporary, easily strippable coating for stripping tools and machine parts containing corrosion Inhibitors The following formulation illustrates the use of cellulose acetate-butyrate base as a wood filler and prefinish: Ingredients Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate ('/j-sec) Aroclor 5460 Magnesium Silicate Toluene . * Butanol ' Butyl Acetate 4V farts by Weight too 214 .642 85.7 71.5 214 To provide protective and decorative coatings for materials such as glass, rubber, and leather, various specialty coatings have been developed. The following formulations are characteristic cellulose acetate-butyrate lacquers: Ingredients Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate O/i-sec.) PCD SSSB (50% n.v.) Ptafcon* 5115 (60% n.v.) Urea'forroaldchyde Reain Santicixb* 409 Dow Coming 200 Silicone Fluid (1000 a) Santowhitb Powder Refined Antioxidant Toluene Xylene Ethanol ' Butanol Butyl Acetate 60* to_o_ 74.5 74.5 1.1 417 178 178 - 89 ' feris by Weight 5)5 , 100 ' 21.8 20.2 _0.07 216 144 ` 57 57 117 i to GRS rubber * lion to all typea of glass even after water immc Tlrimiit l Ailtcd Chemical Cm*. \ is 0221260 TOWOLDMON0004960 WATER_PCB-00001470 I 0 0 { $ CELLULOSE ACETATE The following properties of cellulose acetate make it adaptable lor many specialised lacqi Toughness Clarity Durability Stability to heat, light, weak acids, and oils Good dielectric properties These properties make Et useful for metal, wood, paper, textile, leather, and plastics coatfcjgs. Plasticizers Improve the flexibility, suppleness, and other physical properties of cellulose acetate films. In Table IV are presented performance data for several Monsanto plasticizers In cellt^j acetate molding compositions. . TABU IV--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CELLULOSE ACETATE COMPOSITIONS Haseltar Ist.s PHR uniats tOiarwiia ipaclfiad) Solution Tump. f*C| Dimethyl phthalate 120 Diethyl phthalate 140 Santicizer M*17 148 Santicizer E*15 148 Sakticizbz 8 111 Santicizer 9 151 Triphenyl phosphate (42.$ PHR) 180 Hardnast at 70'C Raciwall "W" Scot* .12 * 1$ 4$ $0 ' 75 90 81 Fltxural Strangth (Ib./sq. in.) 5840 5680 7110 6950 6860 9160 9020 Water Absorbw| In 41 4 (%l . 1.14 1.20 0.77 0.97 0.94 0.85 1.17 Shown below are two example formulations of cellulose acetate lacquers: Ingradiants 82* Parts by Weigh! Cellulose Acetate* Atlcyd Resin Santicizer M-17 Zinc Oaide Phosphoric Acid (aids adhesion to metal) Toluene Ethanol , Butanol Methyl Acetate Kitromethsne l'Nittopropane 100 40 50.7 80 0.05 212 176 ,18.7 244 176 4) White metal lacquer for interior use b) Ctneral'purpOK apray lacquer c) $2.5*52.$'% combined acetic add, low vueosky S8> 100 20 27 ~0.05 271 206 54.4 127.5 187 206 **l*6l TOWOLDMON0004961 WATER_PCB-00001471 Paper and cloth coatings are important areas of application for cellulose acetate. Shown below are three suggested starting formulations: # InqradUnti Cellulose Acetate Tripfyenyl Phosphate Santicizer M*17 SaktIcizer E*15 SANTICUER l*H Water EtHsAol Butaiiol Methyl Acetate Ethyl Aeetate Acetone ' \ - . M* 100* 18.5 16 ... . 108 * ... __ . 660 <) Heat*mistant paper lacquer b) Greaseproof food'packaging lacquer () FUme*rctardant, stain*resitaivt doth coating 4) 55*36*% combined acetic acid, low vUcoeitjr t) S4'53*% combined acetic acid, high viscosity IS* Parts by Weight 1004 __ __ 67 *. 67 100 __ 550 -- 16* too* 60 __ -- . 50 ' 100 40 650 __ .. Q Cellulose acetate lacquers Impart the best adhesion, gloss, and durability on cellulose acetate plastics. The use of these lacquers minimises plasticiser migration. Shown below arc some char acteristic formulations: . Ingredients 17* . Cellulose Acetate Durrs 500 SANTICIZER B15 Santicizer M*!7 Santoutb MHP Water Toluene! Ethanol ' Ethyl Acetate Methyl Crltosotve Methyl Crllaselve Aeetate Acetone lNitropropane . 100< ,, 100 __ ._ 260 ' __ -- 740 _ '-- . 4) PlaitieiurmigrAtion'reristant lacquer b) Cellulose acetate plastics lacquer f) Cel dipping lacquer d) 55*56*% combined acetic arid, low viscosity o 52.1*51.5*% combined acetic arid, low viscosity f) Add toluene slowly 88* 891 Parte by Weight 1004 _. 20.5 __ __ , 116 41 -- __ 116 271 116 1004 60 __ 40 -- 226 68 191 451 191 . 60* 100* __ 82 151 4lS 149 102 .M , __ 16 0??126Z > TOWOLDMON0004962 WATER_PCB-00001472 > MONSANTO mSTlC&ERS'iiH VimCMTIEiGS S POLY(VINYL ACETATE) Surface coatings based on poly(vinyl acetate) fulfill a variety of requirements and are aclerired by: . Ease of application Fast drying Good adherance High gloss Transparency Resistance to water, fats, and oils Poly (vinyl acetale)-based formulations are used extensively in the following applications: Cloth coating Paper coating and impregnation . - Paint primers and sealers Interior and exterior paints Greaseproof, oil-resistant coatings Wall-patching compounds ' A wide selection of plasticisers for poly (vinyl acetate) and its co-polymers is available. Gen erally these plasticisers increase flexibility and taek, increase water and grease resistant and lower heat-sealing temperature. Performance evaluations of several Monsanto plasticl^i in poly (vinyl acetate)-emulsion adhesives are listed in Table V. . ' \ 17 ozn*63 TOWOLDMON0004963 WATER_PCB-00001473 TABLE V--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN POLY{VtNYL ACETATE-EMULSION ADHESIVES fltitidm* Ydbfilfty (24 home at IT* C: Activated Cerhoa) (%) Flexibility (Modifiad Clash & 8erg Test! rej 03 titruWuB Weight Leet After 24 Horn at Ream Tempeeetere Kerosene (%J Peenet 03 C.HIIH..1 OS AftOttOR 1211 5.2 --3.0 0.63 Amclok 1212 4J& 4.0 0.54 __ * Arocloh 1242 Triphenyl Phosphate Tricreyl Phosphate Dimethyl Phthalate . Diethyl Phthalate Dibvtyl Phthalate Diphenyl Phthalate Santxszeh B-16 Santioser M17 Santicce* 1*H Santicrzr 8 . ` 4.4 2.0 0.73 5.6 4.8 4.4 3.9 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.6 * . . 3.3 ' 3.7 3.6 --L6 * --3.0 --6.1 " . 1--3.9 1.3 __ 6.4 0.57 * 0.01 ' 0.16 0.92 0.85 0.59 1.31 . 0.08 0.19 0.96 0.43 --,, 0.37 X 0.38 0.38 * 0.46 0.73 0.93 0.63 . 0.52 0.51 0.59 0.90 , 0.98 0.46 0.36 0.50 0.48 0.36 0.53 0.60 0.64 Santicreh 9 SANTtertER 140 SANtlCtZU 141 ' 1.1 1.2 118 -- 5.0 --3.3 1.13 0.13 0.17 0.57 0.34 0.42 0.63 * 0.36 0.31 Sahtkxua 160 2.1 1.9 0.20 0.39 0.34 . ) U parti la 100 parts GHm* S*5S poiyfvi&yl mate) eatfliioa. Rki 0.040dndi dude. * Grim Tndcattfc at Rate Cecy. ke*kt*n4 fe UJ. ftat Ofliet. o * o v._.- TOWOLDMON0004964 WATER_PCB-00001474 The following suggested starling formulations illustrate the toughness, durability, and gre resistance imparted to paper and cloth coatings by poly (vinyl acetate): Ingredients Poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion filvanol* 7110 PoJy(vinyl alcohol) (IOC* Aq. $ol*n.) Methyl Ester of partially hydrogenated wood rosin SANTiaita 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate $AKTICIZER 141 . Calcium carbonate (fine ground) __ - Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) * Ttmol** 711 Dispersing Agent (25% Aq. Sol'n.) Water . Polypropylene Glycol (1200 molecular weight) tl too* 8 17 __ __ 9.4 --' 42* arts by WotgM 100* >0 ' 8.25 119.25 12.25 2.10 14 1 Properties . Tout Solids, per cent . Viscosity (26*C), cp Pigment : Binder Ratio VAe Resin : PVA Resin Ratio VAe Resin : Plasticizer Ratio P #) Artificial-leather coating for knife-coating of cloth or paper b) Pigmented greaseproof coating for flat board c) Greaseproof coating for flexible board . d) Pelyeo*** 117H e) Celva S-55 or Elvocct* 81*900 6$ 1600 1:1 18 t 1 6.6 i 1 42* 100< 10 ... __ 12.75 96.75 10.75 MO 14 1 6$ 2700 1.5 : H 18 : 1 4:1 Preparation of 61 . . *- Blend plasticizer and wood-rosin methyl ester. Then add poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion. Preparation of 62 and 63 . 1. Prepare a stock solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) by slurrying In water at room ti perature with good agitation. Heat for 30 to 40 minutes at 185 to 190F. Afad water for solids control as required. 2. Continue stirring, add the plasticizer, polyethylene glycol defoamer, and Temol 7)1 pigment disperser. 3. Add the pigments, stirring until dispersion is complete. .4 Add the poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion and stir until a homogeneous mixture is obtain! d. * Tridturli ( t. I, Ai Pont 4* KrnMiti V Co. * TnAmttl of Robot V lt* Co. TnAmi! of Tt* Mn Co. r*.' \ if 0221265 TOWOLDMON0004965 WATER_PCB-00001475 A paint thinner and a quick-drying primer sealer lor masonry and waltboard coatings are exemplified by the following suggested formulations; - \ l Grit* poly(viny) acetate) Emulsion T5 22 SANTldUn 160 or dibutyl pfcthalste - III Wiitt Carboxymethyl Cellulose (HiglvViicou'ty Type 70) Burtonlte* X 90 guaweed gum W ilk PiHi by Wofghl 100 100 ft M ** 58 1.25 0,75 40 0.6 ' tin Water Tamo) IN dispersing agent Tetrasqdtum pyrophosphate Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Mica Tale '' . 260 __ --. . __ -- 80 0.2 0.2 15 20 20 e) Paint thinner b) Pigmented primer-sealer: quick drying. non-penetrating, and insoluble in mineral spirit* Preparation . 1. Prepare Part I by adding the plasticizer at a moderate rate to the emulsion with stirring. Continue agitation for 20 to 20 minutes or until a smooth, uniform mixture is obtained. 2. To prepare Part II, stir the carboxymethyl cellulose into the water, continuing agitation until Complete solution occurs. For the thinner, add the guar-seed gum and stir until a completely homogeneous mixture is obtained (about 10 minutes). Use of water at 70 C (160F) accelerates solution of the thickeners. Stir the plasticized emulsion (Part I) into the thickener (Part II). 2. a) Add the remaining water to the thinner (formulation 64). . b) For the scaler (formulation 6S), dissolve the dispersing and dcflocculating agents into the water. Stir in the pigments, and mix or grind the slurry. Add the sealer base (the mixture ol Farts I and II) and thoroughly mix with the pigment slurry. O * TntMNt at Hi Bwwiiftt Coarur 20 0221264* n TOWOLDMON0004966 WATER_PCB-00001476 Poly(vinyl acetate)-emulsion paints for interior and exterior surfaces are suggested in t&i following formulations: Ingredients # Part f Water Burtonite X-90 guar-seed gtm Part If Delve Poly (vinyl acetate) emulsion TS 22 Santicizer 160 or Dibutyl Phthahte Part f/I Water Tamol 71l (1% toln.) Dispersing Agent Carboxymcthyl Cellulose (Low-Viscosity Type 70) Chiomium Oxide, optqut Titsnium Dioxide (rutile, 20%: calcium sulfate, 70%) Titanium Dioxide (rutile) Mica a) Light-green, interior, emulsion paint b) White, exterior, emulsion paint 66* 67* Nrt by Wtlflit 41.0 0.8 19.1 0.68 100 11.2 100 8.2 no 6.5 1.2 6.5 66 22 . 14.6 67 IA 0.9 __ 82.4 29.6 Preparation ' Pert I Add the guar-seed gum to the water with high-shear mixing until a homogeneous solution r obtained (about 10 minutes). Port If While stirring the polyfvinyl acetate) emulsion with a high-shear mixer, slowly add the plai llciser. Stir for 20 to 30 minutes after the plasticizer is added or until the mixture become* uniform. Add the plasticiacd poly(viny) acetate) emulsion (part II) to the guar-seed-gum solu tion (part I), and stir for 10 minutes or until homogeneous. 1 Pm Ul , With the colloid mill operating, sift the carboxymelhyl cellulose into the water and dispersing- gent solution in an aluminum or stainless-steel vessel. Mix until dissolved. Slowly sift In pig ments fn the order listed. Crind to desired fineness. Add paint base and stir for 10 minutes. Filter through an SO-mesh screen. \ [ * 0g212<,T TOWOLDMON0004967 WATER_PCB-00001477 The following suggested formulation is for a poly(vinyl acetate)-ba$ed latex wall-patching . compound: ' (gradients At farts by W*lght Polyfvinyl seetite) emuliioo Hydroxycthyl Cellulose (75% n.v.) Tricresyl Photphate Me(ro'>(it* #6 ` * Water Ethylene Clyeol 100 SO s 772 A) 15 Preparation Mix the pOly(vinyl acetate) emulsion and the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution in a pony mixer until completely dispersed. Stir in the water and ethylene glycol. Mix for 5 minutes, and add the MctrO'NUe in $ equal portions, allowing each portion to wet down thoroughly before adding the next portion. Add the tricresyl phosphate and continue to mix for 50 minutes. Properties Consistency Konvolatfles, per cent . Pigment : Binder Ratio, weight Density, lb./gal. Pasty spreadable and workable El 12.2 : 1 . 16.6 Vinyl acetate is often copolymerized, as for example, with vinyl pyrrolidone. The following common Monsanto plasticisers are compatible with vinyl acetate-vinyl pyrrolidone (70/30 to 30/70) copolymers: ' ' . Dimethyl Phthalate. Dibutyl Phthalate Santicuer B-16 Santicuer E-1S Santicuer 141 Santicuer 213 Santoute MHP Dimethyl Phthalate and Santicuer E-15 are particularly effective in imparting flexibility to this copolymer. The following starting formulation gives an anti-tarnish coating that dries to a clear, smooth film without "orange peel" and that can be simply washed off with a synthetic- detergent solution: - Ingredients - Vinyl Aceute/Vinyl Pyrrolidone Copolymer (70/50) SANTiciien B I6 laopropanol Propellant U* ' Propellant 12* * For non-aerosol applications substitute methanol for propellant. AS farts by Weight 100 5 , 145 S75 575 0221268 TOWOLDMON0004968 WATER_PCB-00001478 POLYJVINYL CHLORIDE] Poly(vinyl chloride) end Its copolymers ere widely used In protective costings. In general costings based on poly(vinyl chloride) display the following characteristics: ' Hardness Flexibility Abrasion resistance - ..Chemical end water resistance - Greaseproofness . Electrical resistance Nonloxidty Odorlessness Tastelessness Flame retardance Poly (vinyl chloride) coatings may be applied in any of the following forms: Solution. Solvent must be volatilised to develop strength. Latex (emulsion). Water must be volatilized. Short bake helps develop optimum propertili. Plaslisol. No volatile solvent. Curing temperature: 3OO-350F. Organosol. Some volatile solvent to control sprayability or coatability. Curing tempera ture: I00-JS06F. ' . Powder (fluidized bed). Product to be coated is heated to high temperature and suspend <1 in fludized poly (vinyl chloride) powder. Since the applications for poly (vinyl chloride) are so broad, only solution and latex coatin are described in this bulletin. Other Monsanto literature discusses plastisois and organosols n detail. Monanto offers more than 70 plasticizers to enable the poly(vinyl chloride) formulator ;u develop the balance of characteristics required to meet his requirements successfully. The pi : formance of some of the plasticizers in poly (vinyl chloride) is indicated in Table VI. V TOWOLDMONOOQ4969 WATER_PCB-00001479 TABLE V!--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PlASTICfZBtS IN POLY(YlNYL CHLORIDE) Hastiefcef (47 7HR) Yotefifity (% l-*I Dsaodccyl phthalate Diisooctyl phthalate Dt*2*ethylliexyl phthalate SANTICReft 140 SAKTtazea 145 $amtk3zer 21} $A*TICIZlt 214 Sanucrek 602 SANTicnEit 403 * Saxtjcize* 630 SANTtCRCR 631 TricrcsyJ phosphate Saxtiozu t40 - ' Saxticrbz 141 Di'2'CtkyUmyl *dlpte Diisodecyl adipate Di>(ctyl, n^decyl). adipate Samctzea 409 (50 PHR) 2.2 4.3 O 11.3 10.3 18.1 10.0 3.5 12.8 18.8 16.2 1.0 3.6 7.4 13.9 . 3.4 8.1 0.8 Wafer fnmriM WTanp. Hmfctoy (t,, *cj Soluble Matter 1%) Wafer Absorbed [%) --35 - --37 --39 . --24 - --41 --21 --36 --36 . --36 --33 --35 --10 --15 --39 --66 --65 --63 --8.7 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.56 0.22 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.08 ____ 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.28 0.30 1.8 0.25 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.26 0.30 0.36 0.66 0.36 0J3 ____ Keroseoe Estractioa (% l*l Hardaesa Shore "A" >70 42 46 5.2 27 6,3 > 70 63 45 3$ 40 2.4 2.1 7.3 > 70 > 70 > 70 1.2 . 78 . 74 66 72 77 75 73 77 ' 76 74 79 76 64 65 74 68 92 Mlyifai LfadeSSee Day. 7 m m 1%) Ml 193 4.76 1.17 2.11 4.73 1.08 2.13 3.98 1.27 2.56 4.15 0.93 3.56 5.23 1.2 2.7 4.8 1.06 3.27 534 1.05 158 4.22 0.96 3.14 5.82 0.89 2.32 4.22 0.97 157 4.60 0.4 0.8 1.6 0.63 1.63 2.70 M5 4.6 9.0 7.5 13.5 21.0 9.0 17.7 27.4 7.8 22J 35.9 0.25 0.49 0.69 TOWOLDMON0004970 WATER_PCB-00001480 Solution Coatings Because of their excellent permanence and performance characteristics, poly (vinyl chlorid \\ resins are ideally suited for metal coatings. Like other coatings, however, they require a su ble primer for satisfactory adhesion. The following formulations exemplify the versatility jjf Ilonsanto plasticizers in the manufacture of poly(vinyl chloride) solution prime coatings; Ingredients Vfnylitc* VMCHi Vinylite VVHH* gtren 470* Blterified Copat Resin Trieresyl Phosphate BAMTICItCR 409 Dioetyl Phthalatc Red lead pigment ttut lead pigment 2j|(nc Oxide (colloidal) Titanium Dioxide Propylene Oxide Toluene Xylene Methyl laobutyl Ketone fithyt Amyl Ketone Cyclohexanone . * JO* ... . ` 2.5 27.5 '_ * 18 .-- __ _ 75 __ 216 __ 2t ' __ -- 7I` 71 Parte by Wotght ... -- 100 -- 100 16 -- `-- 4 __ 12 25 ~- 140 ---- 114 -- -- .-- __ 4 170 188 '__ . 170 too __ 8 ---- 71< _ 100 -- -- mm 26 mrn 241 -- 162 40 162 -- 40 . a) Air'dry or lowtake primer (200* 1 200*P for a ehort time) b) General'purpote primer e) Hightemperature-bakc primer (ISO* * I7S*F) J) Vinyl chloride copolymer (metahadheafon type) * TMcairl of UoieA Ctrbfdt Carp. Tnitoitt of Firestone PUitia Co. . Vlny4 solution primers and finish coatings Impart attractive, durable protaefion to numerous metal products. . i*S 022X*n TOWOLDMON0004971 WATER_PCB-00001481 A variety of solution formulations may be used In intermediate and final coats as illustrated below: .. Ingredient* Exon 450i VinyUte VAGW Vhyhtt VYHH/ VlnyliM VMCW Ucet'Formaldcliyde rain Kotin WW liquid epoxy rain Tricmyl Phoephne Santicbcr Ml Dioctyl Phthahte Diiaodecyl Phthalate Santiciiex 40{ Blown Caitor Oil Titanium Dioxide Zinc Oxide Cuptoua Odd* Aluminum pigment Antimony Oxide Propylene Oxide Stabilizer Toluene Xylene Methyl IiobutyV Ketone Cyclohexanone 1 ?S '-- N 100 . -- 100 , __ -- 10 ... _ . __ 4S mm mm .. 304 304 -- -- 19 9 __ 1.3$ 43 M r 17.J __ 160 40 * 160 40 a) Intermediate coating b) Gencral purpoic indunnat coating . e) Metal finish 4) GonOlion'reiiitanc coating c) AntHouling coating (MIL P-I59H) f) Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer 7*S 77* farts by Waight mm mm too __ 50 _ $0 __ _ mm mm mm mm 16 10 __ 67 n* __ 67.1 -- __ 18.7 14.2 __ __ 7.5 .. 57 __ mm 4$ mm mm .. mm 191 25$ 48 __ 19) 255 48 -- ... __ _ .. __ 140 84 56 . . 79* 80* 100 _ __ __ __ -- . _` 1M ... -- 6.7 __ 100 __ __ __ 6.7 11 127 __ 435 -- ,, __ too _ too >8 _ _ __ -- 1000 __ __ __ _ .. 320 150 -- . When extreme corrosion resistance is required, the use of Aroclor plasticizers is suggested: for Imparting resistivity to chemical attack, they are unsurpassed. Independent evaluations of the chemical resistance of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer paint, modified by eight types of materials (alkyd resin, phenolic-chinatvood oil varnish, ester gum-linseed oil. varnish, Axoclor 12S4, dioctyl phtbalate, tricresyl phosphate, polymeric plasticizer, and acrylic polymer), showed that AnocuMt 1254 has the "best all-around chemical resistance, failing badly only in the gas oline test." Paints were sprayed onto solvent-cleaned, unprimed, cold-rolled-steel panels, which were then Immersed it) seven types of solutions until failure. The data in Table VII, excerpted front the November W5S Issue of OUicicl Digest of the Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, compare the chemical resistance imparted by Aroclor 1254 and by dioctyl phthalate. > 26 ' 0221272 TOWOLDMON0004972 WATER_PCB-00001482  TABLE VII--COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PLASTICIZERS IN VINYL CHLORIDE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER PAINT PUiticlur Tim* to Fotluro In Ccrrciiv. Midi! Dloclyf PMhalsta (%1 AROCLOR 1254 m 10% 10* Sodium Hydrochloric Hydraiidt Acid (day.) (hours) Gstolint (dayij 57. Sodium HypocMerita (day*) 10% Acetic Acid (hour*) 10 ' -- 10 75 *- 25 40 __ so i) End of test 120* no* <0 no* 60 no* 02 . 168* 24 no . 24 06 0.4 S 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 4 64 12 168* 4 84 14.5 no 4 46 11 100 Unwed Oil Fatty Acldi fdayt) 60 00* 27 90* 22 60 w. f) T T In'other corrosion-resistance tests of poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols, containing 70 parts blastlciscr per 100 parts resin, a formulation that contained 1 part Aroclor 1254 to 3 parts dlactyl phthalate was much more resistant to 15 per cent nitric acid at either 23 or 50C for six months than a compound plasticized with dioctyl phthalate alone. The plastisol modified with both Aroclor 1254 and dioctyl phthalate was also more ifckistant to 25 per cent chromic oxide at 50C for four weeks and was equivalent at 23C fop six months in comparison with the dioctyl phthalate-modified vinyl plastisol. Coatings are frequently based on combinations of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymen land nitrocellulose resins, as exemplified by the following suggested starting formulations: Inyradianh Blear H'405$ R.S. Nitrocellulose (/* acc.) Tricresyl Phosphate Dioctyl Phthalate Epoxy resin Titanium Dioxide (non-chalking rutile) Carbon black Toluene Xylene n-Butanol Ethyl acetate Butyl acetate Crllaiotvc Acetate Methyl Isobuty! Ketone Methyl Amyl Ketone 81* . 50.2 49.8 >9.2 '-- .... >8.8 >.> >57 >2.4 25.9 58.2 142.5 --. >2.4 12* Parti by Weight > 40 50 60 50 '-- 22 >5 S 50 __ ... 200 175 100 100 .. 124 125 ... SO 25 50 50 -- ) Gray automobile lacquer . b) Clear indoor lacquer c) White indoor lacquer; apply over suitable primer and bake */j hour at I $0*P 27 0221273 TOWOLDMON0004973 WATER_PCB-00001483 Tie following formulation Illustrates a nontoxic paperboard coating for food packaging: Ingredient* Vinyliu VYHH Vinyl,u VMCH Vinyl,c< VACH $ANTJCitta Hi Acetone Methyl Itobutyl Ketone 4 Pert* by Weight 80 to 10 IS too 175 Strippable lacquers have become increasingly important as protective coatings for a variety of materials. Shown below are two formulations (SS and 86) that illustrate this type of coal ing and one (87) that exemplifies a sprayabfe coating with good webbing characteristics: 88* Ingredient* Exon 468 vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer 87 Exon 470 WnyJ chloride copolymer (metal-adhesion type) 1 Exn 481 vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copoylmer 70 Vfnylite VYHH vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer $ANT/C/Zf* 160 Snimcim 409 Dioetyl Phthalajte Dioctyl Adipate mm 11 16 14.7 Aaocuoa 1254 Prime pigment* Titanium Dioxide BubiUttr Propylene Oxide . 27 Ti 6 Soeony White Oil #118 Toluene 70 Xylene . Methyl Ethyl Ketone . ' iu * ip Parti by Weight -- __ __, too 11 -- -- s.s -- 6.7 14* 854 *) Sprayable waterproof coating b) Lacquer with good apray qualities and quicl-drying, hard, and opaque film c) Sprayable web coating * 7< -- -- 100 80 -- -- -- 18 -- -- -- -- __ 116 894 c> OZM1* JL TOWOLDMON0004974 WATER_PCB-00001484 Latex (Emulsion) Coatings Whenever the characteristics of poly (vinyl chloride) and its copolymers are desired, but! the hazard of flammable solvents cannot be tolerated, the use of a poly (vinyl chloride) Wex (emulsion) is indicated. Shown below are three suggested'starting formulas: Ingradlsnts '. Ocon* 251 Cron 252 Geon 576 .* .* - Dioctyl Phthalate (65% emulsion)* Dioctyl Adipate (65% emulsion)* 8AKTICI2EH 141 (65% emulsion)* Sakticue* 409 (65% emulsion)* Ahocloa 1234 (45% emulsion) Goodrite* K'710 thickener (5% solution) Mobilrcr** R mierocryualline wax (45% emulsion) JCeltex*** thickening agent (2% solution) Titanium Dioxide (50% dispersion) Caleium Carbonate (50% dispersion) Antimony Oxide (50% dispersion) Color Pigment (50% dispersion) Iron Oxide (50% dispersion) Dibasic Lead Phosphite (50% dispersion) I* _100* 20 _IS --15 1 -- 10 _.IS_ ---- 19b farts by Wolght _. 100^ ------_10 1 _ --so 90> 100* T,,...._.., --25 ----7 250 45 --IS s a) Thin fabric coatings. Excellent for bridge coats on loosely woven fabrics before subsequent ss;pread coating with an organosol or plastisol b) Jutt'felt floor covering or automobile-trunk liner c) Flameproof coating: complete immersion then squtete rolls (patented) d), bolide '. f) Typical Plasticiser Emulsion: ' Ingredients - Plasticiser Water . Oleic Add Ammonium Hydroxide (28%) . * Tndcaadi of B. P. Oeodtfch CUainl Co. for poly(vinyl cUorlic) mini ** Tndenaik l Socotiy Mobil Oil Co. Tnbtiiil ct Kcko Co. farts by Weight 65 12.4 1.25 0.25 \ 29 0221275 TOWOLDMON0004975 WATER_PCB-00001485 The use of vinyl chloridevinj'lidcne chloride copolymer latexes in fire-retardant, Intumescent coatings!!for wallboard and acoustic tile is shown below. The use of the solid plasticiser, diphenyl phthalate, improves the viscosity stability of formulation 91. lafredtanti. \ Peril Monbammonium Phosphate * Dlcy^ndiaraide PentSeiythrieol Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Diphenyl Phthalate ' Anionic Wetting Agent, Add 6tab1e Water Pa* II Dow Latex 744'B (vinyl chloride-vinyK Santicixe* 14! orDiocty! Phthalate Suipention Agent, Acid Stable Anionic Emuliificr, Acid Stable 91 Paris by Watght 92 . 56 10 22 12 5 1.25 4744 56 10 22 ,,,12 46-61 er) 40 , __ 42.9 10 0.6 1.2 preparation 1. Mix the intumescent agents, pigment (and plasticiser and wetting agent for formula tion 91), and water. Disperse with two passes through a high-speed stone mill. .2 Add the latex (plasticised for formulation 92) with medium stirring. Tkt applications of vinyl latex coatings are increased by the eddition of Intumescent and fire-retprdant agents. 30 0221276 TOWOLDMON0004976 WATER_PCB-00001486 c* 1! fi !t ( t! MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN RUBBER COATINGS CHLORINATED RUBBER Chlorinated-rubber-based coalings are widely used because of their resistance to co foslve agents, moisture, fungus, mold, and other destructive agents. Consequently they are % ted in such applications as the following, which require extreme resistance to the above deteri< rating agents: ,, `t ' ' ' Masonry Flame-retardant finishes Chemical plants Railroad equipment Marine equipment Swimming pools Food-processing buildings Highway paints . Monsanto manufactures many plasticisers that are useful with chlorinated rubber. Partk ularly beneficial are the Akoclor compounds, which enhance the chemical resistance of the dhlorInated-rubber-based finishes. Table VIII indicates the utility of various Monsanto plast Risers In chlorinated rubber: ' TABLE VIII--EVALUATION OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CHLORINATED RUBBER Kttlfehu SmJ to fcostitanet to Alum- Stool Cop- TrainHo Soolod Crlle* 10% 5% Sodium Wotor Sword CcW- Wood phono Hydro- Sodium Chlerido Hard- chloric Hydros- Ktltl- Acid Ido Itsne* Akoclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Akoclor 5460 Dibutyl Phthtltte Santicizer B-16 Tricresyl Phosphate Triphenyl Phosphate Santolite MHP indicates good odheilon or resittonce 4 2 5 7 S 4 2 Although chlorinated rubber is unaffected by acids, alkalies, salts, moisture, and fungus it is very hard and brittle. Consequently plasticisers and plasticising resins must be added to make useful coatings. To make chemical- and corrosion-resistant coatings, the modifiers must like wise be nonreactive with acids, alkalies, and salts. As little as five per cent of a sapon fiable materia), such as linseed oil, alkyd resin, or ester plasticizer, seriously detracts from the ilkali resistance of the finished coating. Monsanto Akoclor compounds, such as Akoclor 546) and Akoclor 1254 or 1260, are the best available plasticizing resin and plasticizers, respec ivcly, since they are unaffected by acids, alkalies, or salts. The following formulations illuslra v. the use of Akoclor compounds in combination with chlorinated rubber to make chemical y re sistant maintenance coatings: ` 0221277 TOWOLDMON0004977 WATER_PCB-00001487 IntndUnh _____ >> 1* 44* ______________ To. Co.l. 46 44 4? ferta by Walsto Parian* (20-cp) cnlorinitcd rubber Lonj-oil flying alkyd Akocloi ns< AlOCLOK |46 Dioctyl Sebaettc Tfttnium Dioxide Zinc Oai4e Zinc Duit Silica Flour Cuban Black Red Lead (97%) Eipchlorohydrin Dibaiic Lad Phoiphite Bcntonc** 14 celling agent Xylene Solvuso 140 Selveuo 150 Turpentine Amico***D 100 44 _17 _ _ * _ .. 555 0.6 4 12 __ 104 n 280 too 41 27 10__.1..__5. 0.45 4 _1_2 _75 25 200 _100 54.5 _27 1__1_6, 1.2 r. O.S 4 12 _79 21 200 _100 41.5 27 11 _116 ' _ _1.2 0.5 4 _12 _79 21 200 100 55.5 1) 89 11 _ S -- ,,12 2)7 --26 ) Good adhesion to steel; resists salt-fog test or water immersion at !00*F b) Outstanding resistance to salt-fog test or water immersion at 100*F ) Meets alkali-resistance requirements of Federal Specification TT-P-91 d) For basement floors m' 100 44.5 55.5 89 11 16.5 1 12 219 _ The high-alkali content of fresh concrete or masonry requires the use of saponification-resistant modifying resins and plasticizers in chtorinated-rubber coatings. In highway paints, the need for corrosive-resistant plasticizers is further intensified by the spreading of salt and other chemi cals during winter. The abrasive action of sand, cinders, etc. on highway markings requires the use of nonoxidizing materials that do not harden and cause embrittlement and loss of abra sion resistance of the paint. The alkali- and chemical-resistant and nonoxidizing Aroclor compounds meet the stringent requirements for highway-paint plasticizers. , Swimming-pool paints modified only with Aroclor plasticizers ate much more resistant to blistering' than chlorinated-rubber paints modified with alkyd resins. High pigment-volume con centration is recommended for concrete swimming pools to let the moisture in the concrete above the water line escape without buildup of blister-causing hydrostatic pressure. Lout pig ment-volume concentration is suggested for steel swimming pools, however, to help form a water-impervious film to reduce blistering. The following suggested swimming-pool-paint for mulations have given excellent performance: Cl 0> tff Hcrewlti P**4er CwapMjr tnAtuk of KaitMii UuJ Comptnr Trawwaik Aatrtcao Mineral Spirit* Company 0221278 c TOWOLDMON0004978 WATER_PCB-00001488 !{ t \ \ I I1 \j JI li Ingredients JLacquer Phase Far Conerata 100* )irb by Weight For Steel lOlt P<rln (20'cp) chlorinated rubber Duraplex' C-49 (100%)* Aroclor 1254 Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Magnesium Silicate Phthalocytninc Green Brntone )4 gelling agent Tween** 60 surfactant Epfchlorohydrin Solve*** 100 ' Water Phase 100 50 SO m 115 2.0 1) ~t 450 90 100 50 50 112 116 5 12 *5 50.7 100 50 50 so.s 50.7 1.1 5 *0.6 28 Methyl Cellulose (4000 cp) Sodium Oleste Distilled Water . Froperttas . .. 7.6 15.7 520* -- Solids, wt. per cent ' Pigment volume-concentration, % Viscosity, Krebs units Viscosity, Brookfield, cp. No. 4 spindle, 30 rpm No. 4 spindle, 12 rpm 45.1 15 94 _ -- 64.1 S* . 6.000 . 12,000 50.0 20 75 ___ f) Emulsion, prepared by slow addition of water phase to lacquer phase with mixing until smooth emulsion is formed b) Meets gloss requirements of Federal Specification TT-P'95 . c) Compatabiliaed by the presence of Aroclor 1254 d) In lacquer phase The use of Aroclor plasticizers in chlorinated-rubber coatings for railroad equipment help im prove the necessary resistance to high humidity, extreme weathering, and various cbem cals and fumes. The following suggested formulations for a primer-and-topcoat system prt vide , maximum chemical resistance, especially for use on tank, hopper, and cattle cars and on r ght- of-way equipment in industrialized or coastal areas: Ingredients 102 Frlmor 103 Topeoat Farh by Wetght Parlon (20-ep.) chlorinated rubber Aroblas 1363 Basaltic * CKU-5962 phenolic reain dispersion Maleic Acid Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Titanium Dioxide Lampblack Zinc Chromate Magnesium Silicate Aluminum Sterate (10% gel in xylene) Cobalt Naphthenatc (6% cobalt) Epichlorohydrin Epoxy Stabiliser : Antiskinning Agent , Xylene HiFlash Naphtha Turpentine . 62 58 .2 ' __ __ 105 19 1.5 2 270 100 . 49 26 157 0.9 0X8 0.3 2 290 158 79 * TndtMtt et Rohm V Hm Co. a TndmM of AsIm IW4w Co. *T4cMTk of Arcbri-!)snKlfMi4li*d U * TodtMil ef Umoo CsrMe Com- 33 TOWOLDMON0004979 WATER_PCB-00001489 Chlorinated rubber makes effective wood coatings for long service life, as Illustrated by the following formulations'. * Ingredienti Parian chlorinated rubber Long-oil drying atkyd Durxplex C#S5 Linteed oil Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Titanium Dioxide Xylene Ht-FUih Naphtha Selverro 100 Turpentine Mineral Spirit* \ 104* 77(?0cp) 25 * n mm 96.5 S9.S 'll ,,,, I05> Peril by Weight 100 (20cp) $0 * 50 __ 40 __ 120 40 106* 100 (lOcp) _ 115 14 57 __ 166 ,, 286 a) Marine finiih with food resistance to salt water and to algae and other marine growth b) Extremely abrasion resistant . c) Ripid-drying finish. Partial replacement of liroced oil with AROCLOR 5460 speeds the dry time and improves the alkali and chemical resistance, The Aroclor plasticises the oxidised linseed oil to prevent brittleness. A thrce-coat, high-build, maintenance-paint system has been developed, based on an all-chlor inated vehicle: chlorinated rubber and Aroclor plasticizers. Conventional brush or spray coats are usually only about 1 mil thick, so at least five coats are needed to attain the minimum 5-mil thickness recommended for maximum chemical resistance. The required thickness is easily built Up with the chlorinated coatings by either brushing or spraying: primer, 2 mils; mid coat, 3 mils; and top coat, 1 mil. This new system has been compared with alt classes of commercial. maintenance coatings in both laboratory and exposure tests. Coated panels were subjected to spot tests and immersion tests In salt fog and hot water with various chemical reagents. Color slides of the test panels are available for examination from Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware. Ingredient* Primer Mid Coal Top Ceat Parti by Weight Parian Chlorinated Rubber 100 (20 cp.) 100(20 cp.) 100 (U Aroclor l}$4 55 49.5 40 Aroclor 5460 24.5 24.8 24 Dioctyl Scbacetc ` . __ -- 10 Red Lead (779b grade) 182 mr Zinc Yellow 10 Mica 50 52 Indian Red * 5 Talc Rentonr 58 gelling agent 68.5 -- 15 ~5.l Migneaium Silicate Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) ' 77 __ 20 IIP I Lampblack Subduer A-5 * I Bpichlorohydrin 1.6 1.5 1 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 Toluene 470 518 186 Xylene -- ' __ 187 C. K. Willim o.. Dl. U Cku. Him V C... Ik. -- IfeJM C..M. ftmiu Co. 34 022^60 C) 0 TOWOLDMON0004980 WATER_PCB-00001490 >J I IV recently-developed continuous-painting process lor finishing metal offers savings on capital Investment, plant space, and operating costs. The technique utilizes the physical propertied of trichloroethylene, the only solvent in the paint. Metal parts enter the unit covered with and leave the other end completely painted and dry to the touch. Detailed Information abbbt (he process can be obtained from Du Pont, Wilmington, Delaware. The following formulation has given good characteristics in this continuous-painting system: Inarerfienh ' ** 107 , . Vehicle figment Dbperttea* fertc by Weight Perlon chlorinated rubber (20-ep) Long-oil drying Klin Axoclok ns< Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) fientonc 26 gelling egent Epoxy tubilixer Trichloroethylene 67 a 2.6 141 29 100 1.2* . a) Add pigment dispersion to the vehicle efter 24 hours in pebble mill b) Add gelling agent to pigment dispersion during last two hours of grind Mastic compositions are used to deposit thick films with a minimum number of coats. Mastics modified with Aroclor compounds can effectively seal cracks in concrete, smooth rough concrete surfaces for subsequent glossy coatings, give excellent corrosion resistance under tre conditions, and retard fire. A typical starting formulation is the following: Ingredients 109 farts by Weight Pcrlon chlorinated rubber (20-rp) Aroclor 1254 * . Aroclor 5460 Asbestos Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Toluene ' 100 20 49 160 25 200 Although this mastic formulation adheres well to either wood or masonry, a primer Is suggested before application to steel. To further increase fire retardance, replacement of 33 parts of tlje asbestos by 47 parts of antimony oxide is suggested as a starting formulation. A combination of chlorinated rubber and a rosin-derived alkyd resin, plasticized with Aroci da M54, forms th* basis of a high-gloss paper coating that is nonblocking and heat sealable. It gives a gloss of 79, is nonblocking either face-to-face or face-to-back for 40 hours at 130 and 2 psl, and is heat sealed in second at 2?S P and 120 p&i. hgnflmh Porlon Chlorinated Rubber (tO <p.) hfcolyn* 22 Rosin-Derived Alkyd Rciio Aroclor 1294 Toluene . fapor Coiling pad* by wttgM 41.4 ' 92.6 9.2 105 * TwkwA it Htrcvfeft Pewfct Co. is 0221211 i TOWOLDMON0004981 WATER_PCB-00001491 CHLORINATED POLYPROPYLENE . Chlorinated polypropylene produces clear, colorless films, appears equal to chlorinated natural rubber in Chemical resistance, and is noticeably more heat and light`stable. Arocjlo* plastici sers are very compatible with the resin and are recommended in the following starting formu lations: \ . Ingredients Chlorinated Polypropylene AaocLoa $400 Axocioa ltd* Dioctyl Sebkcste Epoxy Stibiliur Toluene -. 100 * Ports by Wolght I00(t0<p) 17 44 7.a yi jo no too (20 ep) 27 44 7.0 1.1 260 100'F Heat Stability 1 hour 2 hours ) hours $ hours It hours v. si. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow Neck Film Properties4 v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow ~ .. Sunlight Stability* 24 hours 4$ hours 96 hours 144 hours al. yellow L yellow mod. yellow mod. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow !. yellow brown YtPO'tveeli Chemical Resistance *' Veter 10% hydrochloric add 1% eodiuft hydroxide .' excellent excellent excellent . excellent excellent excellent a) lacquen were sprayed on "bondetittd steel panels. Films were 2.5* to 5.0*mi!s thick hours air drying. *Determ!ned in the Atlas Electric Devices Co. Fadc'Ometer n 0*21 MR TOWOLDMON0004982 WATER_PCB-00001492 STYRENE-BUTADIENE COPOLYMERS Styrene-butadiene-copolymcr resins are widely used in the following suiace-coatlngs applji lions: Enamels Maintenance finishes Exterior masonry finishes Aluminum finishes Wall scalers Paper coatings Printing inks These resins form films by evaporation of solvent. Paint formulations based on styrene-bijl diene resins have demonstrated the following advantages: Good resistance to alkalies and acids Excellent water resistance Satisfacloiy rate of moisture-vapor transmission Tough, durable films Excellent adhesion to masonry and allied surfaces Resistance to mildew Resistance to staining and discoloration Self-cleaning through controlled pigment chalking Ease of application Rapid drying ' Excellent can stability . The most common plasticisers for styrene-butadiene resins are the Aroclor compounds, tSanticizer B-16, Santicizer 160, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, and tricrcsyl p phate art also useful. >7 02212>3 TOWOLDMON0004983 WATER_PCB-00001493 Shown below are several example formulations based on these copolymer resins: Ingredient* \ III* 1122 111* Fart* by Wotght Pliolite* $-5 Pliolite S'5 Pliolite S*5A Pliol.te VT Aaocton 1254 Axoctox 5e60 Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Phthalocyanine Green Toner Lampblack Zinc Oxide Magnesium Silicate Diitomaceou* Silica Mica Caldera Carbonate Soya Lecithin Thtxn'n** Thixotropic Agent Aluminum Stearate (di'acid) Hi'Flaih Naphtha Mineral Spirits Sotvewo 100 Toluene VM #P Naphtha * * * i 97 . __ 48 48 2424 ,,,, __ 69 278 101.S .. tL 208 508 mm -- __ tommo 50 50 140 11.6 1.2 87 92 5m2m0 6 mm 214 224 __ __ __ 100 . ' 48 52 160 __ mMmm ___ 80 144 6.4 . 6.4 127 190 a) White, non'chalking stucco ptint b) Green masonry and swimming'pooj paint () White traffic paint * d) For chalking paint: luhatitutc titanium dioxide (anatasc) 1144 . 100 49 51 164 __ . 82 147 6.6 6.6 209 Formula US Illustrates a wall primer-sealer: Ingredient* Pliolite S*5A (S 3 */ % in petroleum naphtha) Anociox 5460 (50% in mineral spirits) Aroclo*1254 Lithopone Titanium Dioxide (Rutflt) Magnesium Silicate Soya Lecithin Aluminum Stearate Mineral Spirits #10 After grinding in pebble mill, add the following: Pliolite S*SA in petroleum naphtha) Mineral Spirits #10 . ' a) Solids contents Tlthnuk ot Ootino Tire Rufcfctr Co. lor trRM<tuuiiM mint * TnhmA ol Rrtrr C*rtor Oit Co. ' it its Farts by Weight 48* 22.5* II $2 16 20 1.6 1.6 27.5 . *52* 11.5 0ZZ1Z4 0 TOWOLDMON0004984 WATER_PCB-00001494 The following formulations represent metal lacquers for three applications: Ingradtanti Marbon* "9200" LLV Marbon "9100" IV Marbon "9200" MV . Aroclor 1254 AROCLOR 5460 Aluminum Pane IPale Gold Brilliant**. #157 "* Mica (water-ground to 225 mesh) III* 100 25 Mineral Spirits Xylene [Ethanol Ethyl Acetate 12.5 112.5 Dry Time (Dust Free), min. Viscosity #4 Ford Cup, sec. 20 511 '*) Clear, rapid'drying hard lacquer X) Low-cost, general-purpose, interior, aluminum enamel c) Gold-bronse, decorative finish 117* Part* by Weight SI IS1 116 * 455 505 -- 10 14 ' . , 100 26 42 157 in 161 A variety of styrene-butadiene-based paints are illustrated by the following starting formijlL lions: 1r Ingradients tarben 9545 chips farbon 9548 chips S farbon 9551 chips Urban 9566 chips * farbon 10829 chips farbon "9200" MV aw Tung Oil Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 titanium Dioxide (Anatasc) Zinc Oxide Extra-Pine Tale Distomaceous Silica Chrome Green A 4464 China Clay lecithin Aluminum Stearate Cobalt Ntphthenttc (6% cobalt) Zinc Naphthcnatc (8% ainc) AFAt X2280 Aentane #54 gelling agent Mineral Spirits (Low Odor) fti-Flash Naphtha Petroleum naphtha 7 40 45.5 ... 9.5 5.5 .1 19 15.5 -- _ -- -- 0.05 0.09 0.12 -- 155 a) Tile-ted, high-gloss, concrete-floor paint b) White, exterior, masonry paint e) Flat, white, interior, wall paint d) Dark-green, (lots, trim enamel P Trademark af Boit-Wamai Carp, far mnM-botadicM rtaia tJ Tfedtmiik at Ci<N(til Bkau rntsVcr \jn, 1 Trademark afaimf GpernutirlilPSapoetvr cnuCVoloCrbCraxripf.ili Ca. 120* 121' Farts by Weight -- .' __ 100 49.5 49.4 129 57 128 -- -- , .25.6 72.8 5.6 1.5 . 10.5 9.9 ... 0.59 0.9 0.155 0.027 -- 50 52 222 I22d . __ __ 100 12 28 To 88 55 , ,. -- 2 157.2 142 022X2?? TOWOLDMON0004985 WATER_PCB-00001495 The following formulations are suggested for a highway paint and an exterior masonry paint based on styrene-butadiene: Ingra'dienh I2) I14` \ Farit by Weigh! Pitto/lf<* 120 (Ailed) (eolidi) SA.MTICIZU 160 or Dibutyl PHthalatt Arocloe 1260 ,, Ti'PttTt** Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Zinc Oxide Barium Sulfite Tile Dietomeeeoue ulict Mice ' Calcium carbonate (dry (round) Aluminum Steirate Lecithin Methyl eater of partially hydrogenated wood min Troy^yd*** ABC drier VM end IP Naphtha Hi'flaah Naphtha Toluene too* * *4 112 (R*5J0) 57 . 279 -- , 5.2 2.7 118 ril 178 ' root . 21 122 (R<610) 41 81 57 20 180 __ 5.5 2 269 e) TrsffiC'liae paint: fast drying, nonblecding on asphalt, no embrittlement with age b) Exterior masonry paint c) 60-% cold-cut solution with toluene . d) SO-% cold-cut solution with hi-flssh ssaphtha Procedure Grind pigments in styrene-butadiene solution and plasticizers. Add 'remainder of solvent (and stir diatomaccous silica into Formulation 123). SYNTHETIC RUBBER Many Monsanto plasticizers are usable in rubber-based surface coatings, although dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthaiate, Santicizer 160, and tricresyl phosphate are most commonly used. Plasticizers improve gloss and flexibility In most cases. In crepe-rubber-paint formulations the use of Aroclor 1262 (from 5- to 50-per cent of 'the weight of the rubber) increases the gloss, alkali resistance, and adhesivity to steel. * Tn&atiil ol Pa**ylwnU IndumfaJ CUafal Corp. foe MyicAC-WuiittM eopolrmr mini ** Tnitairt of E. t. 4ii font 4i Mtoowi V Co. Trademark of Tmt Ch**kl Co. 40 0221206 TOWOLDMON0004986 WATER_PCB-00001496 Tha unmodified epoxy retin specimen burnt vigorously; the epoxy resin test (trip containing Aroelor end antimony oxide is "non-burning" in an identical Bunsen- burner flame. . > MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS' IN OTI^RESHj'COMisO EPOXIES . Epoxy resins generally possess the highly desirable properties of; Chemical resistance Flexibility Toughness Adhesion Available in solid, liquid, and solution forms, they are useful in several types of surface cit ings, including the following: Chemical-resistant coatings Interior and exterior maintenance coatings Baking finishes Laminates Plasticisers arc not ordinarily used in epoxy resins when maximum performance is desired, 8e- cause of their high cost, however, epoxy resins are frequently highly filled. Here the us{ of mall amounts of plasticizer aids flow and levelling and helps eliminate "drag". Monsanto Has evaluated many plasticisers in epoxy resins, as compiled in Table IX. 41 0221287 TOWOLDMON0004987 WATER_PCB-00001497 Plestlefserc None (control) Dibutyl Phthalate D'(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Diisodecyl phthalate Diisodecyl adipate SAMTtCKER E'IS $ANTfCtZER M*17 Santjozea 8*16 Tricroyl phosphate SANTICtZER 140 $ANTfCTCEIt 141 HD*40* Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1221 Moo^Erox* TABLE IX--COMPATIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN BOXY RESINS UgeM Ceretf RmIr Rtite Room 100'C Temp. ft kr GCc CCc C a/ps sia C a/ps sia c aw ccc c c c ccc ccc ccc ccc c c sia sia cc cc c ccc VucmV Physical After Car* (ft hr @ I00*CJ Before After Adding Adding Curing ' Cering Shore D Agent Agent ' hod Impact Uqbt Herdnea (epl Up) Residence Refleeted (%) (10 see) ftphil After Km( Aging Shore D Herdnea (10 m) Weight Cheng* (7 12.800* 1550 2450 3250 1200 3050 3150- 2300 . 3750 2850 1500 3900 7700 1650 1650 7900 1300 2700 2450 1100 2100 2450 2000 3000 2200 1400 2300 4300 1200. 1250 0.2 __ 0.5*1.9 0.543.8 0.543J ___ __ __ 0.50.6 0.6 __ 0.843.9 3.0 3J 8.0 7.0 94.0 2.5 3.0 4.S 3.5 3.5 4.0 4X1 3.0 3.0 4.0 ` 78 . 10 31 48 56 v 10 6 7 15 22 5 27 40 8 84 * 86 78 82 83 82 80 85 8$ 86 79 82 84 88 81 88 --0.012 --43.734 --43.368 --0.168 --43.181 0.119 --0.131 --43.013 --0.222 --0.284 --0.425 --0.648 --0.682 --2.118 0.134 <) Formulation Ingredients. Epoxy Recta Plasticiser Perfc too 25 b) c ss Compatible e) Brookfield LVF #4 spindle; 60 rpm unless otherwise specified sia a = Cloudy d) 24 hours in activated carbon wPS s Mace Separation = White t) 30 rpm 8MHdUw>eNB Utmtmt Oiftnl Cmvttr Tndmerto. ****** to U4. teat OAm. 0221288 0 TOWOLDMON0004988 WATER_PCB-00001498 The following suggested formulation for a 'nitrocellulose-epoxy lacquer can be sprayed e Mhr cold or hot (with solvent modifications). It leaves a brilliant appearance. Ingredients lVec. Nitrocellulose Solid Epoxy Resin Dibutyl Phthalatc Toluene ,, .. Isopropanol Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 121 Isrft by Weight 95 25 25 Peris b|r Volume 50 10 5 10 25 AROCLOR Compounds Of all the nonreaclive plasticisers evaluated, the Aroclor compounds are the most compailtibhle. Like.epoxy resins, they impart excellent chemical and oxidation resistance and improve Bthesion. Aroclor compounds should not be used when solvent resistance is required, since fry are true plasticizers and are not chemically bonded to the epoxy resin. Two major disadvantages of epoxy resins--cost and flammability--are diminished through the use of Aroclor compounds. Aroclor compounds, about one-fourth the cost of epoxy resits, permit significant reductions of raw-material costs. Furthermore, non-burning composite may be made by the use of an Aroclor compound (15 phr) with antimony oxide (5 phr| For solventless coatings the fluid Aroclor compounds, such as Aroclor 1248 and Aroc|i|or 1254, are most commonly used. For solvent-containing coatings the resinous Aroclor i pounds (Aroclor 1262 and Aroclor 5460) are used alone or in combination with the liquid Aroclor materials. The value of Aroclor plasticizers (1242 and 1260) In reducing the flammability of anfl cured epoxy resins and improving flexural strength and compressive-yield strength, while tslightly affecting compressive strength and heat-distortion temperature, is illustrated by following suggested starting formulations: Ingredients* Liquid Epoxy Resin (EV-200) Diethylenetriamine Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1260 Antimony Oxide Control 100 12 , -- 126 127 farts by Weight 100 100 12 13 __ __ 20 IS --5 Properties Flammability Heat-Distortion Temp., *C Hardness, Rockwell "M" Flexural Strength, psi Tensile Strength, pit Compressive-Yield Strength, psi Compressive Strength, p 0.82 In/ min. 119.5 104 20.100 11,400 15,900 42,000 S.E> \YT ' 89 103 22.800 13.000 17,250 22.900 N.B.* 92 106 22.100 9,800 16,950 28.150 ) Cured 16 hours at room temperature, then 2 hours at tOO*C b) 8.B. ts Self extinguishing c) N.B. = Nonburning 128 100 13 20 ,m -- S.B. W* 99.5 108 21,800 10,900 17,900 32.500 129 100 ' 13 15 __ 5 N.B. 81 < 109 22,20ft 12,800 16.700; 12.400 43 022; 289 I TOWOLDMON0004989 WATER_PCB-00001499 Mod-Epox Reactive diluents are added to reduce the viscosity of epoxy resins to improve handling char acteristics and to permit the use of higher filler contents. Since they react with curing agents and are higher priced than the epoxy resins, however, they generally tend to result in highercost formulations. Mod-Epox, on the other hand, is a' unique epoxy modifier, which not only reduces the vis cosity of liquid epoxy resins by as much as 75 per cent but also speeds cure, maintains hard ness and Other chemical and physical properties, and reduces curing-agent requirements by about one4third. Thus, since it costs much less than any epoxy resin and any other reactive modifier, and since it reduces the curing-agent requirement, its incorporation generally re sults In much lower formulation cost. Furthermore, Mod-Efox is not a skin irritant like other reactive diluents. The following formulations illustrate blush- and impact-resistant coatings; number 131 has the longer working life: IngrodUffh ERL 2774 Epoxy Retin MoD'Bpok Magnetium Oxide (fluffy)** Titanium Dioxide Btntone 18 gelling agent m'<0801 ZZL4814 ZZLAM)822 Toluene .* Xylene Butanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Working Life, minute* . , Oft 100 11 ' 0.2 22 >4 ,,, 15 .o % Peril by Weight ' 2. * III 100 11 0.2 22 M 19 14 __ 2 2 -- 45 Epoxy troweling compounds are suggested for use in patching, repairing, and coating, where maximum film thickness and chemical resistance are desired. Such coatings are used to line brick, concrete, and metal tanks, such as plating and storage tanks, where application of con ventional coatings is impractical. A formulation for a black, polyamine-cured, epoxy-resin troweling compound is as follows: Ingredient* . . 02 Peril by Weight Liquid Epoxy Rcin . Dibutyl Phthalate Mod-Epox Diatomaecoui Earth Santocel FRC tilica gel Lampblack Magnciium Oxide (fluffy) Diethylcnctriamtne . '* . 100 * 4' 2$ 40 12 12 1 2.9 44 022V*90 0 o TOWOLDMON0004990 WATER_PCB-00001500 Procedure AAA the silica gel to a blend of the epoxy resin and dibutyl phthalate while mixing with k hlgh-torque mixer. Slowly add the remaining pigments, with continued agitation. Disperse the pigments with one loose pass on a 3-rol) mil). Add the dicthylenctriamlne to the pigmented epoxy-resin component and mix thoroughly. Ap ply the mixture to the surface with a trowel; (Lubricate the trowel for improved smoothness. These materials set in 2 to* 8 hours depending upon the thickness of the coating. ACRYLICS . All-acrylic lacquers and acrylic-modified lacquer systems have stimulated a great deal of in terest because of their exceptional properties. The presence of acrylic resins in both air-dry ant I baked finishes generally imparts: Exceptional durability Lightfastness ' * Hardness . High gloss upon polishing AS would be expected, finishes with such properties were pioneered by automobile manufac turns. Acrylic resins have also been utilized in aircraft paints. The addition of acrylic resin to nitrocellulose lacquers produces high-quality, better-performing industrial finishes. Proper formulation of acrylic lacquers with suitable plasticizers (such as Santicizex 160, ant I especially Santicizer 261 and 262, which are less volatile at baking temperatures) imparts ex ceptional adhesion and improves durability. Shown below are three suggested all-acrylic automobile lacquers: Ingredients JURer-Mtll Crind: Luetic* 6011 or 6012 (40% solids) Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Lampblack Bentenc 14 Cellosolvr Acetate Mwe With: Lwftlu 6011 or 6012 Santicizkr 160 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate, ^*aec. Toluene CelJotoli-e Acetate Methyl Ethyl Ketone Solids at Spray Viscosity, % Tn&ftirk if the Dm I'm* Co. m 4.0) 6.1? 0.07 -- 2. 17.66 >.76 2).8S 17.68 2>.85 18.75 J>4 Paris by Weight >.98 6.08 0.07 0.70 2.49 17.61 >.70. -- 22.87 17.6) 2S.87 v 18.48 l)4a 4.0) 6.17 0.07 -- 2.55 11.60 >.76 I0.0> 21.97 17.87 21.97 18.46 I TOWOLDMON0004991 WATER_PCB-00001501 The following starting formulations are examples of acrylic-modified nitrocellulose and chlorin ated-rubber coatings: Ingredients Acryloid* B-72 Acryloid B-83 Poly(methyl Methacrylate) R. 8. Nitrocellulose (Vi sec) ChlorinaMd Rubber (20 cp) Bmicitu 160 , Dioctyl Phthalate Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Phthrioeyanine Green Chrome Green Toluene Ethanol Celiosolve Acetate Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Viacosity, # 4 Ford Cup, tec III* SI 19 .. * 2..). .4.0. 1 >1$ 76 76 11$ II ut> 127c Peril by Weight 6__9 _II_ _6_.2__..5 _1_7.5 2) 25 67.5 40 __ ..1 147 ` SS ss >47 -- 115 76 76 115 11 III* '-- 62.5 -- 17.5 25 ' 40 _1 115 76 76 115 11 a) Acrylic-modified nitrocellulose automobile lacquer b) Acrylic-modified nitrocellulose aircraft finish, resistant to aircraft lubricants. Use MIL-P-7962 (Aer) primer. c) Acrylic-modified chlorinated-rubber lacquer POLYAMIDES Polyamides are used increasingly in surface coatings applied to such materials as paper, waxed glasslne, waterproof cellophane, and plastics. Polyamide films adhere exceptionally well to these substrates and have good flexibility. Polyamide compositions are also used in printing Inks, overprint varnishes, paint vehicles, and hot-melt coatings and adhesives. For most applications the polyamides need no plasticisers since they are somewhat internally plasticised. For use in hot-melt coatings and adhesives, however, external plasticisers are necessary. Performance of various Monsanto piasticizers in polyamide resins is evaluated In Table X. ZEIN . Zeln, a proteinaceous material derived from com gluten, has diverse applications, particu larly in surface coatings. Both solvent-based and water-based solutions of zein form tough, high-gloss, grease-resistant, quick-drying films. Zein coatings have superior solution stability Inand, contrast to most other protein compounds, are resistant to microbial attack. . The plasticization of zein is analogous to that of other synthetic and non-synthetic high poly mers. Both primary and secondary plasticizers are commonly employed. Examples of Mon santo primary plasticizers arc as follows: Santicizer 3,8, and 9 Santolite MHP and MS-S09& . . Secondary plasticizers that enhance compatibility are the following: Triphcny! Phosphate Tricrcsyl Phosphate Dibutyl Phthalate Dioctyl Phthalate * TteSmwk f Ifoka V Him Co. for acrylic <n*i riM Santicizer 160 Aroclor compounds Santicizer B-16 . 44 . ozti2qz TOWOLDMON0004992 WATER_PCB-00001502 i i i i j i * \ } t 1 i \o ] | fst <C I u> 1 BwWw Dimethyl Pbthalate Diethyl Phthilate Dihueyl Fhthalate SAwncnoi 160 Dioetyl Phthalate SANttCRSK 140 Tricresyl Phosphate ` $A*T1C12Mt B*I6 Sahtiozer E*15 SAMticnea 8 Aaoclo* 1260 TAM X-EVALBATION OF MONSWTO KASTICggRS IN POLYAMIDE KBfTC ReriMrty 10 IS 25 PHR PHR PHR Mtthma 10 IS 25 PHR PHR PHR Friability 10 IS 25 PHR PHR PHR Kw^mh 1 pMmfraften 1 10 15 2S PHR PHR PHR Vttewily f*r'dnr-HWtl 15 PHR Swwf 10 15 25 PHR PHR PHR Teek to IS 25 PHR PHR PHR N NN PFF FFN rFF FFF V VV BBB N N 24 NN N sSs N NV 24 24 24 SSV N .V V NNV $ss NN s 24 .24 N 8 It IS 10 12 9 15 16 __ It __ 6 10 12 5 7 14 __ Al-A At'A V VV s VV 24 s V Ss 24 24 24 N. N N N 24 24 N 24 N N NN N 24 24 N 24 24 24 24 24 FFF FFF 24 K N FFF F PF NN N N N 24 B. B B S N 24 S SS VNN s SV s NN N 24 N NMK 677 8 15 -- 8 10 __ 9 15 20 6 7 11 At'A '-- __ A1 A1*A2 N 24 N SSS VVV N K 24 . N 24 N K 24 N 24 24 N 24 24 24 .$ T V 24 N 24 B -- Brittle F -- Rouble ' fating Symbols 7 J~ .......... K -- None or negative s -- sifrt* r T^i^uiiy " V--Very TOWOLDMON0004993 WATER_PCB-00001503 Shown below are three starting formulations for rein-based coatings: Ingredient* 15* 140> 141' Peris by Wsl|ht Zcin Hydrogenated Wood Rosin WW Rosin Oleic Acid SanticizBr 8 Saktouh MHP Santiciiba B-16 . * Dioctyl PHthalete . Pigment* (optional) Water Aq. Ammonia (28%) 91% Isopropano! or 95% Ethanol ' " ' 100 00* 100 25 20 _ __ . 190 100 50 -- 40 40 (50) 250 100 50 Tj 550 20 a) Spirit varnish for glossy, decorative, protective label coating* b) Grease-proof, fairly water-resistant coating (cither clear or pigmented) ) Overprint eoating for paper stock and colored paper, characterised by exceptional gloat and retireance to water and dilute alcohol Decorative metallic-coating formulations that impart high gloss, flexibility, greaseproofness, and water resistance can be prepared cither in organic solvents, as illustrated by the following auggcsted starting formulations, or in water: Ingredients 142* Zein Santicizer 1 . SAMTiatak 8 Santoutb MHP . 85% Phosphoric Acid ` Aluminum Powder (optional) Bronte Powder (optional) Alcohol-Soluble Color Toluene 91% Iiopropanol or 95% Ethanol * too 60 80* __' (100) (200) 20 540 a) hacguer with strong adhesion to glsssinc and cellophane b) Brilliant, glossy coating for coloring metal foils I42 Peris by Weight too 50 Is (100) (200) *00 144* 100 90 60 2.5 u needed 250 The follotving dein-based coatings represent a paper-coating formulation (No. 145) and a tex tile-siting formulation (No. 146): Ingredient* 14* Zein Hydrogenated Wood Rosin 1_0_0 WW Cum Rosin HMP Ester Gum ' 140 r Santicizer 5 Dioctyl Phihalate 60 __ Acetanilide 15 Zine Steerate Went 9 Aq. Ammofiia (28%) M e) Kigh-glou, flexible, low-tack, hot-melt paper coating b) Textile siting'to impart stiffness and body Peris by Weight I4b 100 r5n0i 20 2. 5 , 500 20 48 0221294 & 1 TOWOLDMON0004994 WATER_PCB-00001504 VARNISHES AND ALKYDS ! The resinous Aroclor compounds are frequently used in varnishes and alkyd-rcsin paint! Impart durability, quick drytime, and water and alkali resistance. The Aroclor compoij do not oxidize, and flame-retardant formulations are produced by combinations of Am compounds and antimony oxide. Aroclor 4465 and Aroclor 5460 are most commonly used, although Aroclor 1260 is for flexible short-oil varnisjies. A suggested starting formula is one part oil, one part Atto^j compound, and one part of another resin. Aroclor 5460 is also useful in making arhlsh formulations based , on phenolic or ester-gum resins. Shown below are three suggested starling formulations for flame-retardant paints: Ingrediohti iLong-oil Alkyd Resin (60% eolution) Alktli-rcfincd lintced oil Kettlebcdifd linmd oil Aroclor 1254 . Aroclor 5460 Tiunium Dioxide 15% Leaded Zinc Oxide Megneeium Silicate Celcivm Carbonate Antimony Oxide Barium Sulfate Red Iron Oxide Japan Drier Aluminum Stearate Cobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Lead Naphthenate (24% lead) Manganeac Naphthenate (6% manganese) Turpentine Mineral Spirits 147 itml-Obu Inferior too .. __ 40 69 56 -- . 51 114 __ __ __ 0.65 2.7 0.51 . 51 141 Exterior fort* by Weight m_ 100 50 . 76 42. 180 57 76 42 __ '__ 9.8 . __ __ . __ __ 42 __ . 144 Shingle Stein ,,, __ 27 100 . 62 __ 77 77 108 5.1 rr. , 578 SILICONES Heat-resistant aluminum coatings based on silicone resins contain Aroclor compounds as Im portant ingredients. Suggested starting formulations for a heat-resistant coating, enamel, ind paint arc given below. The coating (Formulation 150) can withstand continuous servics at 400 F and a maximum temperature of 800 F. The enamel (N'o. 151) resists temperaturts of 900 to 1000 F in such applications as jet-engine components, exhaust manifolds, and] in cinerators. The paint (No. 152), which meets Federal Specification TT-F-0028, has cxcefl|cnt resistance to a programmed heat test (including 8 hours at 1200 F) and to a salt-wi spray test (after programmed heating to 500, 600, and 900 F). 49 TOWOLDMON0004995 WATER_PCB-00001505 Ingradianti Dow Corning 60S Silicone Resin (50% NV) GE Silicone Rosin SR-82 (60% in xylene) GE Silicone Reiln SR*112 (50% in xylene) ^ Styrene*Butadiene (50% in xylene) Aroclor 12)4 AROCLOR 4465 (90% nonvolatile) 60% Aroclor Solution* Aroclor 5460 (60% in xylene) Aluminum Pute (74% nonvolatile) Cobalt Octoate (6% cobalt) Xylene Mineral Spirit! ) Composition of Aroclor Solution ISO Coaling 100 -- -- -- -- 151 .-- -- 175 -- 52 ISI Enamel 1 Parti by Weight -- 26 ' 64 -- -- -- 89.5 -- 51 0.9 --' Ingredient Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 4465 iSolvesso 100 Xylene Wilglil Par Cant 24* 56 24 16 IS2 Paint -- 15.7 -- 84 19.5 -- -- 28 97.5 -- 57 46 PHENOLICS . Plasticizers are frequently used to Improve the cold-punching characteristics of phenolic-resin laminates. Santicizer 160, tricrcsyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, HB-40, and the Aroclor compounds are frequently used. The Aroclor compounds and tricrcsyl phosphate also impart flame resistance. Diphenyl phthalate is also useful in phenolic compounds. MELAMINE In melamine coating and laminating resins, Sasticizer 0 promotes solution stability and compatibility, Improves flow-out during baking or curing, and reduces pigment discoloration. The final coating has improved impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and buffability. SHELLAC . . Santicizer 8 Is an excellent plasticizer for sncllr* At a concentration of 10 per cent of the weight of shellac, it has & pronounced softening effect but does not affect adhesion. Santicue* 9 and B-16 are also useful plasticizers, but less effective than Santicizer 8. 0221296 0 TOWOLDMON0004996 WATER_PCB-00001506 y OTHER KDHSAKTO PRODUCTS IN PROTECTIVE COATINGS RESIN ADDITIVES Santolite MHP and Santolite MS-80% ate widely used to modify synthetic resins ive films with Improved water resistance, brilliance, and adhesion to many surfaces. Tbe)| ire compatible with a great variety of resins. Usually they are compounded with liquid p|liull. clsers, such as Santicizer 160 or dibutyl phthalate, but in special cases they are used ith- out liquid plasticizers. The resinous Aroclor compounds, widely used s svntheile.rxln eiend>r| impart improved adhesion, chemical and oxidation resistance, and flame retardance and usually lower the formu lation cost. Aroclor 4465, 5442, and 5460 ate compatible in most synthetic resins anq are soluble in the common low-cost solvents. . COATING MODIFIER * A variety of significant benefits is imparted to many surface coatings systems by the addition of a small quantity (usually between 0.1 and 2.0 per cent of the resin solids) of Modafuow*', Monsanto's new, novel coating modifier. A complex polymeric material, Modaflow function ally modifies surface tension and viscosity. Among its many benefits are improvement of now, levelling, adhesion to substrates, recoatability, and drying uniformity and reduction of `jfish- eyes", brushmarks, ``cratering'', and poor flow-out. . ANTIOXIDANTS Extremely small concentrations of Santonox, Santonox R, and Santowhite Powder Milihed antioxidants have proved to be very effective for many synthetic resins used in protetj^ve coatings. CATALYST/CLARIFIER In the production of alkyd and polyester resins and bodied oils, the presence of triphi lyl phosphite shortens the processing time and results in lighter, clearer products. The procesiitiag time for a maleic anhydride-ethylene glycol polyester resin was reduced from 95 to SO minijl iand the color was lightened from 20-25 to 15-20 APHA by the addition of 0.5-per cent phenyl phosphite. A soya oil-pentaerythritol alkyd resin was cloudly (APHA 6.7) when [ :o- duced without triphenyl phosphite but clear (APHA 5) in the presence of 0.5-per cent of M* clarifier. Similarly, the addition of 0.5-per cent triphenyl phosphite soon after alcohol and the addition of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid to soya, linseed, or tall oils gives bocjlied oils with improved color. . Mo*AtL*vi ManutM Cteatort Gsaptny Tnfcmut. acctauttS in U.S. f*ua Oflkt. 022*297 TOWOLDMON0004997 WATER_PCB-00001507 ODOR-MASKING AGENTS Saktomask* II overcomes the disagreeable odors Imparted to many protective coatings by the solvent. Highly effective even in small concentrations, the product masks the foul odor with a pleasant scent. Methyl salicylate, coumarin, and vanillin are other odor-masking agents produced by Monsanto to sweeten the odor of protective-coatings formulations. PRESERVATIVES . , Monsanto's complete Une of industrial preservatives Includes Saniobrite*, Penta (pentachlorophenol), and technical sodium benzoate, which prevent fungus attack on coatings that contain natural materials susceptible to fungus. FLATTING AND THICKENING AGENTS Santocel 62 Imparts dull, semi-dull, flat, and eggshell surfaces when used fn lacquers and solvent-based finishes. Santocel Z is a thickening and thixotropic agent in polyvinyl chloride plaslisols. > MONSANTO TECHNICAL SERVICE New plasticiser materials and new plasticizing applications are under constant development and evaluation by Monsanto, producer of the greatest volume and variety of plasticisers In the world. Supplementing this laboratory research and development work is a staff of technical specialists in plasticiser technology. This technical-consultation service is available to help protective-coatings manufacturers select the best plasticising systems for their synthetic resins. Mtny coatlngs-formulation problems are solved through the cooperative efforts of Monsanto's plasticiser technologists working with the resins and coatings technologists of the-protectivecoatings producer. SHIPPING'..J Most Monsanto plasticizers arc shipped in bulk in either tank cars or tank trucks from six wide-spread manufacturing centers and in tank trucks within established deliveiy zones from ilx more strategically located bulk-storage stations. As producer of more kinds of plasticizers than anyone else in the world (more than SO/) Monsanto offers added savings through mixed shipments of different plasticizers (compartmentcd tank cars and tank trucks or mixed truck- lots of drums) for all of your plasticizer needs. ' * Irnnhmi Mtd Samtwiitii Mmmi* Qatalnl Cwpinr TnAtub. HejtBUrtd to U.S. Pit*at Offit*. st 022lZ<>8 0 TOWOLDMON0004998 WATER_PCB-00001508 0 CO No shipping limitations apply to any Monsanto plasticizer. Shipping classifications and np|l contents of standard containers for the products mentioned in this bulletin arc tabulated below* Miwt Dimethyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalate Dioctyl phthalatc ijhiiodecyl phthalatc Dicyclohexyl phthalate Diphenyl phthalate Santicizer 160 ' * Samticizer 16$ Santicizer III Dioctyl adipate Diitodecyl adipate Santicizer 409 Triphenyl phosphate Tficresyl phosphate Santicizer 140 Santicizer HI SANTICIZER M'17 Santicizer E*15 Santicizer B*16 Santicizer lH Santicizer $ Santicizer S Santicizer 9 Saktolite MHP Santoute MS-8094 ' Santomask H Santonox Santowhite Power Refined Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 AROCLOR 446$ Afibciu 5460 (Hiked) HB-40 MoD'Epox Triphenyl Phosphite a) Fiber drum b) 7'gallon ean c) M'gation drum 2) Bg ClauiflcatSon Dimethyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalatc Dioctyl phthalate Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Butyl benzyl phthalate (Resin plasticizer) Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plastieizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Synthetic resin Synthetic resin Chemical. N01BN Chemical. N01BN Chemical, N01BN Synthetic resin . Synthetic rcrint Synthetic resin Synthetic resin Resin plasticizer Chemical. NOIBN Resin plasticizer ' SUnfird Container* (nat watght. lb.) S*gaL cans 5S*ul. drums 40 520 40 475 40 445 440 250 400 40 40 40 40 40 45 _ 45 50 45 SO 45 40 _ __ .45 (0* 45 45 ... .. . 50 50 50 -- 40 45 45 500 445 450 420 415 450 125* 5)0 545 495 550 525 500 280* 400 520 250* 540 250* 150* 150* 520 600 500 100* 450 510 500 \ (9 0221299 TOWOLDMON0004999 WATER_PCB-00001509 licBi^^UTmT^,,.igsaT KOKsgsirftiSnctags .."1 The fallowing technical bulletins and brochures give technical information about the properties and applications of the Monsanto plasticisers and other products, that are mentioned in this bulletin,. Monsanto technical literature U continuously revised to contain the most recent and reliable information possible. Your request for any literature will be promptly and cheerfully filled--without obligation, of course. * TlfU Phthelst* Plasticizers Diethyl Phthalate and Dimethyl Phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate Di'(Z'Cthylhexyl) Phthelate (DOP) Diisodecyl Phthalate Dinyclohexyl Phthalate ' Diphenyl Phthalate Santicizer 165 S^Nticjzer 160 (butyl bentyf phthalate) Santicizer 21) Adipate Plasticizer* Djoctyl Adipate Diisodecyl Adipate ` Polymeric Plattieittr Santicizer 409 Phthnlyl Glycellate Plasticizers Santicizer M-17 (Methyl phthalate ethyl glycollate) Santicizer E-IJ (Ethyl phthalate ethyl glycollate) SANTfCizeR B-16 (Butyl phchalyl butyl glycollate) Phosphate Plasticizers Santicizer 140 Santjcjzer 141 Tyiphenyt Phosphate Tricresyl Phosphate * ' SulfanAmide Plastldztn SANTICIZER 1-H SANTICIZER S SANTICIZER 8 SANTICIZER 9 AXOCLOR Plasticizers AaocLoa Plasticizers Other Plasticizer* HB-40 (partially hydrogenated terpheny!) MoD'Cpox (epoxy-resin modifiet) Resin Additives . ,, Santoute MHP and Santouti MS'80?o (Monsanto industrial resins) Coating Modifier MODAVIOW - Catalylt/Clarffier Triphenyl Phosphite , Preservatives and Stabilizers SANTOtmire and Pcnta for the preservation of paints TONOX and Santonox R, antioxidants for polyethylene iTOWtiiTi Powder Refined Sium Bentoate, Technical Odor-Mossing Agents Santowask 11, Odor-Control Agent hCoumarin Monsanto" ` **Methy) Salicylate Monsanto" "Vanillin Monsanto" Toshnlcel SultsHn Ho. PD303 PL-501 PL-318 PL-300 PL-312 PL-319 PL-165 PL-160 PL-213 PD 304 PL-308 PL-409 PL-17 PL-15 PL-16 PL-140 PL-141 PL-301 PD 305 PL-l-H PDJ PD8 PD9 PDJ06 PD40 PD313 PD320 CS-I6 PDJ 17, PDJ22 . SC-2 PD324 Technical Data Sheet Technical Data Sheet PD325 folder folder folder S4 . uno m u.t.n. 0221300 TOWOLDMON0005000 WATER_PCB-00001510 O' Gentlemen: <dle> . Gentlemen: (date) For further detailed information about the use of your plasticizers in protective coatings, 1 would appreciate copies of the following technical bulle tins: For further detailed informs ion about the use your plasticizers in protect! <i coatings, I wo appreciate copies of the folli wing technical bu tins: PI. Pi- PI- PI- PL- PT- PI- PT- PI- PI- PT- PT- Till* Tit!* City (dttc) Gentlemen: For further detailed Information about the use of -your plasticizers In protective coatings, I would appreciate copies of the following technical bulle tins: PT- PT- PT- PT- PT- PT- Gentlemen: (date) For further detailed Inform! on about the us your plasticizers in protect! e coatings, I w appreciate copies of the foil wing technical b tins: ' PT- Pf- PT- PT- PT- PI- Tffl* .; TiU t * OZ213< a TOWOLDMON0005001 WATER PCB-00001511 BUSINESS REPLY CARD HO POSTAGE STAMP NSCESSAST IF MAILS) M THE UNIIEO STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAIO BY-- : iMiavuWpa*AvTiHtav ^vunptMii bt^waAEh ^wAvimMr*Atwfil PLASTICIZER COUNCIL, Dept. PL-327-A i Organic Chemicals Division . i 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard ! St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Permit No. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. BUSINESS REPLY CARD NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IP MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY- MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY PLASTICIZER COUNCIL Dept. PL327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard . St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Permit No. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. BUSINESS REPLY CARD NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IP MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY-- iMnvnrNlD^MArNlTTtfpl vfHnmFMwiivrHAfLc CvvOiMviPrmANTYi PLASTICIZER COUNCIL Dept. PL-327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 No*-Hi Undborgh Boulevard St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Perm* Ne. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. N o #4 ** N O BUSINESS REPLY CARD NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IP MAILED IN THE UNlTEO STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY- MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY PLASTICIZER COUNCIL Dapt. PU327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Permit Ne. 3014 ST. LOUIS, MO. 9 Co r* TOWOLDMON0005002 WATER_PCB-00001512