Document 3eZBmvO37x6M67GBdw809daqx

TECHN I CAL B U. L L E T I N THE AROCLOr r POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS 'J.J /: .. . -I v / > --j//v^ _-i /,y.n /'/ < .. y. ' A series of heat-resistanLcbenfuSally ineruand' fire-retarding compj>wrtcfs~"^^ ^Hy liquids thp^tJgh viscous^eims and solids, ttotperform-yrftque functiorfsin over a hundred dif ferent industrial ana*rodtct applications. | TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/1 0431979 "" ",,N"W 1 ''f' TOWOLDMONOOQ5215 THE AROCLOr POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS /'//=//: Cl /-V V__ //: . ZAPAnr/tfe jy/> J7yr. ; / A series of heat-resistant,harrl72ally ineruand' fire-retarding comjjomldr"rt^^ -offy liquids thp&tfgh viscous^eSms and solids^thart--perform-yiilque functiorfslir over a hundred dif ferent tftdusTrial an^productepplioations, TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/1 FLUIDS The inform*! ion contained In (hit bulletin it, to our best knowledge, true end eccurete, but *11 recommendations or suggestions *re mde without guartniee, tlnce the conditions of use *re beyond our control The Monsanto Company disclaims my liability incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions Furthermore nothing contained herein shall be construed is * recommmditlon to use *ny product in conflict with existing patents covering my materitlor its use. Organic Division / 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. / St. Louis, Missouri 63166 0431980 TOWOLDMONOOQ5216 Table of Contents GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHART . 4 ELECTRICAL APPLICATION OF AROCLOR . Dielectrics for Askarel Type Capacitors and Transformers impregnating Compounds . 7 7 7 MECHANICAL APPLICATIONS OF AROCLOR. 10 Expansion Medium.............................................. 11 -- L-iquid Sealant for Furnace Roofs.................... 11 Vacuum Diffusion Pump Oil............................. 11 AROCLOR IN SPECIAL PRODUCT FORMULATIONS............................................... 12 Sealers for Gaskets.............................................. 12 Dedusting Agent.............................................. 12 insecticides....................................................12 Precision Casting Waxes................................ 12 - Abrasives........................................................... 13 -- Specialized Lubricants..................................... 13 Industrial Cutting Oils......................................14 Appendix - Methods for Emulsifying . . Solubility Table............................................... Vapor Pressure............................................... Vaporization Rates........................................... Corrosion Resistance of Structural Materials. Viscosity Table............................................... Density Table.................................................... Dermatology & Toxicity.................................. _Safe Handling................................................ Shipping Information....................................... 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 Ask your Man from Monsanto for additional Aroclor literature: Askarel Inspection and Maintenance Guide -- Aroclor Plasticizers Technical Bulletin -- Therminol FR Fluid Heat Systems -- - Engineering Heat Transfer Data ' Aroclor, Therminol, SteroX, Santomerse, Formvar, Lustron, and Resino* are registered trademarks of Monsanto Company. 0431981 2 TOWOLDMONOOQ5217 What are the Aroclor Polychlorinated Polyphenyls These compounds are a series of chlorinated bi phenyls and chlorinated polyphenyls. They range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crystals and hard transparent resins. Aroclor is non-oxidizing, permanently thermo plastic, of low volatility, and non-corrosive to metals. Aroclor is not hydrolyzed by water, al kalis, or acids. The viscous liquids and resins will not support combustion when heated alone, and they impart fire-resistance to other materials. Crystalline Aroclor is relatively insoluble, but the liquid and resinous compounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols; 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. 'Aroclor is-used alone for a particular physical job, -such "as-insulating, and as-a sealant or expansion ^media. Aroclor is also used as a component or ex . tender in elastomers, adhesives, paints, lacquers, garnishes, pigments and waxes. The properties imparted by Aroclor (and their usefulness in par ticular applications) vary in regular gradient over '"the series.dSelection'of the right Aroclor for a par ticular. use canjjeneraliy-bc*. made by comparison of the properties, by blending two or more, and by adjusting the percentage used in the particular mixture in which the Aroclor'will be formulated. The following table describes the properties of twelve Aroclor chlorinated compounds, each of which is representative of a series. Fop'alrrjost every Aroclor showp,'there is a dark-epfored grade of approximately the same physical and chemical charactep*t1cs. Ttyese darkpr'producb* are less 0*31982 3 TOWOLDMONOOQ5218 General Physical Properties of the Aroclor Chlorinated Compounds Form...................................................... Color...................................................... Acidity -- Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gm.)... Average Coefficient of Expansion... ,cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity..................................... Pounds per gallon - 250C(77F)............. Distillation Range -- ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C............................................... Aroclor 1221 Colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00071 (15-MI0C) 1.182-1.192 (25 715-5C) 9.85 Aroclor 1232 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00073 (25MOO-C) 1.270-1.280 (25 715.5C) 10.55 275-320 290-325 Evaporation Loss -- % - ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C.......................................... 5 hrs. 100C.......................................... 6 hrs. Flash Point -- Cleveland Open Cup.......... C F Fire Point -- Cleveland Open Cup............ C op Pour Point -- ASTM D-97....................... C F Softening Point -- ASTM -28................ C F Refractive Index -- D-line -- 20C.............. Viscosity -- Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) Sec. (ASTM - 0-88) 130eF (54.4 C) 100F (37.8X) NONE inOiulet - "No fir* point up to boilinj Umpontu't" -- 1.0 to 1.5 141-150e 286-302 176 349 Crystals at 1C Crystals at 34 F - 1.617-1.618 30-31 35-37 38-41 -- 1.0 to 1.5 152M540 305-310 238 460 -35.5 -32 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 44-51 Aroclor 1242 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.381-1.392 (25/15.5C) 11.50 325-366 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 176-180 348-356 None* -- 19 2 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 82*92 Aroclor 1248 Colorless to light yellowgreen, clear, mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.405-1.415 (65715.5C) 12.04 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 193M960 379-384 None -7 19.4 - 1.630-1.631 36-37 73-80 185-240 Aroclor 1254 Light yellow viscous oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.495-1.505 (657'15.5C) 12.82 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 None None 10 50 -- . 1.639-1.641 44-48 . 260-340 1800-2500 0<t31`,B3 4 TOWOLDMONOOQ5219 Aroclor 1260 Light yellow soft sticky resin (APHA) 0.014 0 00067 (20-100C) 1.555-1.566 (90/15.5C) 13.50 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 31 88 _ 1.647-1.649 72-78 3200-4500 Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0,00064 (25-65"C) 1.572-1.583 (90 715.5'C) 13.72 395-425 Aroclor 1268 White to off-white powder 1.5 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.804-1.811 (25725 C) 15.09 435-450 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 35-38 99 1.650M.6517 86-100 600-850 oeo'f or 71C) 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 None None - 150 to 170 (hold pt.) 302 to 338 (hold pt.) - - Aroclor 4465 Light-yellow, clear, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00061 (25-65C) 1,670 (25725 "C) 13.91 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None - - 60 to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266F or WC) - Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00123 (25-99C) 1.470 (25/25C) 12.24 215-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477 >350 >662 46 115 ' 46 to 52 115 to 126 300-400 - Aroclor 5460 Clear, yellowto-amber, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 (25 725C) 13.91 Aroclor 2565 Black, opaque, brittle resin - 1.4 0.00066 (25^-65 C) 1.734 (25"/25C) 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260"- 6 hrs.) None 0.2 to 0.3 None None None - 98 to 105.5 208 to 222 1.660-1.665 -- -- - 66to 72 149to 162 -- 0431984 5 TOWOLDMONOOQ5220 Aroclor is non-drying. Even when exposed to air in the form of thin films, no noticeable oxidation or hardening takps place. However, when used as a component of paints, varnishes or lacquers, it does not retard the rate of drying of the films. Quick drying varnishes and paints can be made using Aroclor in the formulation. FIRE-RESISTANCE / Viscous, oil-like Aroclor and,/^Aroclor resins do not support combustion jtfnen heated alone, even at their boiling points/ temperatures in excess of 350C. Most of the Aroclor chlorinated com pounds flux readfly with other resinous and pitch like materia/to make mixtures that gain in fire retardancyproperties. Even when incorporated in nitro-cellulose films and rubber foams, Aroclor will retarothe rate of burning. ADHESIVENESS AND THERMO PLASTICITY The Aroclor resins adhere strongly to smooth surfaces such as glass, metal, varnished or lac quered coatings. / Aroclor is permanently thermoplastic. It appar ently undergo/ no condensation or hardening upon repeated melting and cooling. Clear Aroclor resins can be supplied with softening points up to 105C. Opaque, crystalline Aroclor can be sup plied with initial melting points up to approxi mately 290F. STABILITY Toward Alkalies -- Aroclor is remarkably re sistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. It is not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids - Experiments were made to de termine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved dur ing the treatment of Aroclor with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal volume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which would give a precipitate of silver chloride if any HC1 came in contact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treating flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated negligible effect. Toward Heat - Aroclor is a useful heat transfer media because of its stability to heat. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated pt'Cemperatuye^ up to 315C (600F) in a closed system far-long periods without appre ciable decomposition and they are fire-resistant. Toward Oxidation -- When Aroclor is subjected to a bomb test at 140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY Aroclor has extremely interesting electrical charac teristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric constant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. SOLUBILITY All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water. They are soluble, however, in most of the common solvents, plasticizers, and resins. The Aroclor oils arid resins are readily soluble in most of the common\organic solvents and drying oils. HardVrystallineNAroclor is in general less soluble tham the liquid\or softer Aroclor resins. Aroclor is heaVier than water, a valuable property for many applications. \ 0431985 TOWOLDMONOOQ5221 Electrical Applications of Aroclor Aroclor is one of the purest commercial chemical compounds, virtually free of even traces of con ducting impurities. For this reason, dielectric properties of Aroclor closely approximate the theoretical maximum for these particular organic compounds. With its stability, heat-resistance and fire resistance - Aroclor can be used for a variety of heavy-duty dielectric applications. "`Tfv.Y('< DIELECTRICS FOR ASKAREL TYPE CAPACITORS AND TRANSFORMERS Aroclor is used per se in capacitors and is formu lated for the liquid coolant-insulation fluids in transformers. Such dielectrics must be highly pure with dependably minimal traces of electrolytes. They must be chemically stable and non-corrosive to a wide variety of structural materials. Most im portant, the dielectric fluid must be fire-resistant. Aroclor is the only liquid in low cost commercial supply that meets these exacting requirements, Aroclor liquids 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260 are used directly, or are carefully formulated with chlorinated benzene and other additives to make askarel fluid for particular needs. Typical formu lated askarel fluids are shown on the following pages. Aroclor liquids 1242 and 1254, themselves or in special formulations, are used as the dielectric in fixed paper capacitors, for the power factor correc tion in utility transmission lines; for home ap pliances such as air conditioners, furnaces, washers and driers; for electric motors; and for ballast in fluorescent fixtures. There are also a number of applications in DC systems, in con densers, and the new energy storage capacitors. The Aroclor fluids ca/ be used in a wide variety of applications requiring a specialized dielectric. Monsanto works Closely with electrical equipment makers to develop the proper dielectric with the exact physical properties required by the engineer ing of the equipment. IMPREGNATING COMPOUNDS Because of its nonflammability, high resistivity, dielectric strength and/low power factor, liquid and resinous Aroclor/is extremely useful/as an impregnating compound. An important applica tion of Aroclor ii/the electrical field is,'{he use of Aroclor 1260, 4465, and 5460 in wire or cable coatings andjis impregnants for cotton and asbes tos braided/msulation. Because they possess high purity ana excellent electrical resistance, Aroclor 1254, M60 and 1268 make superior dielectric sealamrs to close the pores of carbon resistors, and to swil electrical bushings and terminals. To attain the lowest possible loss factor and gain resistivity, Aroclor is often treated with about 0.20% by weight of Attaupulgus clay or Fullers earth. To activate the earth it should be heated to 450-500F. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (1) Aroclor 25 C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm-cm at 10QC, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500x10* Greater than 35KV 1248 5.6 4.6 Above 500xl0B Greater than 35KV 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500x10* Greater than 35KV 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500x10* Greater than 35KV 1268 2.5 -- 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500x10* 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 (1) ASTM D-1W-47T (2) ASTM D-2S7-46 (3) AS1M D-149-M (4) ASTM D-1H-47T Power Factor (4) 100*0,1,000 Cycles <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 0431966 TOWOLDMONOOQ5222 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER ASKAREL (MIXTURE OF AROCLOR AND CHLOROBENZENES) Property Vise. @ 37.8C. (ASTM D88) Spec. Gravity @ 15.5/15.5C., (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt., C., (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index @ 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure First drop 35% 55% 65% 95% Corrosion Water Content, ppm. Resistivity, 100C., 500v., 0.1" gap Dielectric Strength, 25C. Dielectric Constant, 100C., 1000 cycles* Tin Tetraphenyl* Burn Point, (ASTM D92)* Fixed Chlorine* Arc Formed Gases* (Oxygen Free Liquid <& 25C.) Electrical Stability* 'Dttcrmlntd by tpeclil (eqmt. Typical 41-45 Sec. Saybolt Univ. 1.563-1.571 150 max. Clear 0.01 max. -44C., or lower 0.10 max. 1.6075-1.6085 210C., min. 240-256C. 290-330''C. 385-400C. 395-415C. After heating with aluminum for 6 hrs. 200-220C., the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection. The askarel fluid meets the following specifications: Color, APHA 200 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 5 max. Condition Clear 30 max. 100 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 35 KV., min. 3.8-4.2 0.125% 0.01% by weight None up to Boiling Point 60.5 0.5 Total combustible gases including carbon monoxide, hydro gen and volatile hydrocarbons. After heating for 96 hours 100C in a closed container, the resistivity should not decrease more than 10%. 0<t31987 TOWOLDMONOOQ5223 TYPICAL CAPACITOR AROCLOR Property Vise. <&. 37.8C. (ASTM D88) Specific Gravity ( 25/15.5C (ASTM D287J Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt., C. (ASTM D97J Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index (?, 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure Corrosion Water Content, ppm Resistivity 100C. 500 volts DC <g) 0.1" gap Dielectric Constant 100C. @ 1000 cycles (ASTM D924) Flash Point Cleve. Open Cup* Fire Point C* Sulfates (ASTM-D117-31)* Fixed chlorine content (Carius)* Specific Heat & 25C.* Evaporation (; 100C for 6 hrs * Dielectric Strength (KV) (ASTM D877)* Typical 82-92 seconds Saybolt Univ. 1.381-1.392 50 max. Clear 0.01 max. -14 or lower 0.10 max. 1.6240-1.6260 10% 325C. min. 90% 360C. max. After heating with aluminum for six hours at 210e'C 10C the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection and the Aroclor 1242 should meet the following specs.: Color, APHA 60 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 0.10 max. Condition Clear 35 max. 500 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 47-4.9 170C., min. None to boiling point None 41.5-42.5% 0.29 0.4% max. 35 Min. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT VS. TEMPERATURE Aroclor 1242 & Aroclor 1254 V) o 0431988 9 TOWOLDMONOOQ5224 Mechanical Applications of Aroclor Because Aroclor cW6rinaf^d compounds hjfve ex cellent shear resistances heat stability,/and are chemically stab]/. . ./hey can serve iiydozens of mechanical applications for transferring mechani cal power, heat at/d variable pressures. Aroclor does not attack metals even at higj/ temperature; it resists oxidation, chemical and mechanical breakdow/ und/r a wide varietypf environmental conditions. Aroclor liquids used/as lubricants im part a h/gh degree of extreme Pressure lubricity. HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLOR LIQUIDS at Various Temperatures TEMPERATURE C THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AROCLOR 1248 Temperature C. F. 30 90 60 140 100 212 BTU./Hr./Sq. Ft./ F./Ft. 0.0680 0.0687 0.0697 Calories, gram/$ec./ Sii.Cm./0C./Cm. 281 x 10-6 284 x 10-6 288 x 10-6 0431989 10 TOWOLDMONOOQ5225 EXPANSION fiyjse of their stability ayii^Me^peratur/s.and abi, lityto^jthstand fpeduent temperature/cycles without gum mrmation, Aroclor liquid is-used as the actuatingp^iuiu^fr^Qlows control^ tiiermosta s, indy<trial temperature>eootfbl regulators am otifor kinds of automation equipn The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was determined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 [1 + a (t ti).] The coefficient a, has been calculated at 100F increments as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Specific Volume ml/gm 0.674 . 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 LIQUID SEALANT FOR FIMIACfROOFS Because of their low vappr^pressures-and fireresistance, Aroclor 124jJ-fmd 1264 make excellent liquid sealants. Thaxfnon-evaporfStingfluids have good flow at sligtvtly elevatejl^emperatures and are chemically stable at elevated temperatures. Consequently, Aroclor-Kquid makes excellent fluid sealants for any application where the use of oil would create a fire hazard. In the trough of an nealing furnaces^ for example, Aroclor makes de pendable fire-safe roof seals. VACUUM DIFFUSION PUMP mS Fluid Aroclor 1248 and/f254 are highly stable to air; they make good^oils for vayuum pumps at a much lower cost than high priy<fd silicone type oils. Aroclor operates efficiently in vacuum diffusion pumps used/to pull higa vacuum for metalizing plastics,^hydrating/foods, medicinals, and for drying/fapacitor coyes. 0431990 11 TOWOLDMONOOQ5226 rf Aroclor in Special / Product Fornuilations With their wide rafige of physical properties, their inertness, lubrioity, and Zapor-suppressing char acteristics - Aroclor chlorinated compounds can be valuable ii/gredients/n an extraordinary variety of formulat/d products. They are compatible with a variety/of solvents, oils and resins. Virtually non-volatile and permanently thermoplastic, they will no^reac! with/other chemicals in the formula tion. In addition, (heir low cost makes their use for special purpose^ eminently practical and eco nomical. / SEALERS FOR GASKETS / Aroclor -- particularly when hot --/wells rubbers like Hycar*, Korojfeal*, PerBuna N, and Neo prene. Wherever Zeals and gastyks of natural or synthetic rubbe/ tend to shrink under heat and use, Aroclor 1^32, 1242, or 1254 can be used as a swelling agen/ to tighten th/ shrunken seal. An example is vdautomotive transmission oil: a small amount of/Aroclor in the/oil swells the seal in place, savmg the cost of tearing down the equip ment to replace the seal or gasket. Aroclor can be used in/gasket sealing/compounds to swell the rubber After the gasket/or seal is in place. DEDUSTING AGENt / Aroclor 1254 is a low cost dedust^mg agent which can hold down the dusting of a variety of chemical products. Because Aroclor 3254 resists both com bustion and oxidation, it can >te used to control dusting of highly reactive compounds. As a typical example,(1) a few tenths of dne percent will con trol the dusting of calcium hypochlorite. Kycr tnd Kcrouil ir retlitertd ludtmirkj of 6 F. (1) Covered by U S. Ctieftiluli Co'pofilton. No. F,9?),9ll. INSECTICIDES Aroclor 5460 and 1254 act a/vapor suppressants. United States Department/of Agriculture scient ists reported that the inclusion of from 5 to 25 parts per hundred by Weight of Aroclor ^increased the effective kill-life 6i a lindane spray up to ten times. A painted o^ metallic surface sprayed with certain chlorinat/d insecticides fortified with Aroclor will remain toxic to flies, antfc, roaches and silverfish up to/2 to 3 months. Thp Aroclor resins suppress the /apid evaporation of the volatile insecticides Without adding odor or other objec tionable residue. Formulation into insecticides is quite simple; the Aroclor is dissolved in a suitable solvent compatible with the insecticide formula tion, and mixed in. The most pronounced effect for increasing the kill-life of the insecticide is ob tained with lindane, chlordane and BHC. Aroclor is recommended for chlorinated insecticide formu lations to be used for non-crop spraying. Their low cost makes this use a most practical way to lower the ultimate cost of insect control. PRECISION CASTING WAXES Aroclor is compatible with various natuj&l waxes, such as carnauba and others, including' those used to formulate casting wax. Aroclor h,*flps impart to the finished casting/'wax a number of desirable properties: hardne.4 without brittleness; resist ance to shrinking; sharp definition; sharp melting point; and fire-resistance. Wax/s formulated with Aroclor are non-tacky and highly stable. Waxes containing Aroclor are widqly used in making dental castings, in the precision casting of aircraft parts, and for casting costume jewelry. Aroclor 1254, 4465 and 5460 are most frequently used . . . proportions dependent up6n the properties re- 12 ! t TOWOLDMONOOQ5227 quired in the finished wax^,jLuch of the jjighest quality precision casting yrax used in tIk-dost wax process is formulated with Aroclor. / // AROCLOR IN ABRASIVES / Aroclor 1254,1268 and 5460 are/sed in the manu facture of specialized abrasives. Because of their excellent bonding characteristics, high thermal stability ajfcl resistance to cfxidation and corrosion - Aroclpr is used as the'carrier for abrasive ma Aterials. major use is a/part of the bonding agent in specialized grinding/wheels. , /l I AROCLOR IN SPECIALIZED LUBRICANTS For specialized lubricants requiring good extreme pressure (EP) characteristics, the Aroclor liquids make excellent additives. They im] art high tern-. perature stability, excellent lubric; ting qualities, and weather and corrosion resistance. As an ex ample, Aroclor' is used to formuk te grease and pipe thread compounds for use in o: ygen systems. Greases formulated with Aroclor have a high chemical resist} nee and are suita >le for use in contact with corrosive chemicals. 1 iear oil lubri cants containing Aroclor have gooc resistance to sheer degradation and high temper} ture stability. Added in small amounts to railro; d car journal box oils, Arocloi imparts better ex reme pressure lubricity and reduces the incidence of hot boxes. The heat-resistin;g, nonflammable (characteristics of the Aroclor chlorinated compouijids make them attractive in thediselves as lubricants under conditions of high temperature. As an example: in gov ernor systems of ^central power stations, Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this lubricating application. Straight Aroclor 1254 gives excellent results on a \ roller bearing test operating at 255-2G0F with much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. As an extreme pressure (EP) lijbricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclor 1248 and 1254 materially increase the lpad-carrying proper ties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These two compounds represent one of the more satisfactory carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. STABILITY. Even at/ higher temperatures, there will be neither separation of components innor appreciable change physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation. 2. NON-VQLATILE. Majiy other types of chlo rine bearing compound^ are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service. Aroclor if non-volatile at normal temperatures. 3. NON-OXIDIZING. Aroclor does not oxidize nor thicken up to an objectionable degree. 4. NON-C0 RROSIVE. kroclor does not attack metal sui:ffaces. 5. NON-ABRASIVE. Aroclor exerts no abrasion on the miachined surf: ces. 6. NON-H YDROLYSIS Aroclor does not hy drolyze Jn the presence of water, thus avoiding the generation of hydrochloric acid. 7. COMPA TIBILITY. Aroclor is completely miscible with mineral1 oils. 8. COLOR1 Aroclor does] not darken or change the color of lubricating oili Ooioq? 13 TOWOLDMONOOQ5228 Whore lubrication is subjected/lo water/lisplacement exposure, for example in the lubrication of bridge rollers, a heavier-thsm-water lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aiyclor and oil. 7'he following are typicsn example^ Mix No. 1 2 M* /50 25 % by \wlght / Aroclor 1248 50 75 ' Viscosity 210/F-160 Saybolt Secs. Color ASTW7-8 Flash Poinp45F. Pour Poin/l5F. BrijM Stock: Gravity IkPJ ??-?3 Pour Pt. 0F + 5F Gravity at 15.5 C. 1.1263 1.2703 Approx. Pounds/Gal. 94 10 6 ,/ AROCLOR IN INDUSTRIAL CUTTIn/oILS Aroclor 1254 is used to formulate the fyrest quality straight and soluble or. emulsifiabl^aype cutting oils. The Aroclor functions as an excellent extremepressure lubricant and is far superior to aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons beca/se of its higher order of thermal stability. Thp heat resistance is most important in cutting oil/ for machining high grade steel. With Aroclor /utting oils there is a lower degree of hydrolysj/ which minimizes the staining of the metal. N/.'JV 14 TOWOLDMONOOQ5229 Appendix Methods for Emulsifying and Making / Stock Solutions of Aroolor There are several simple methods for making Aroclor emulsions; the one used may be selected to suit the kind of| Aroclor and type of formulation in which it will be used. Emulsifying Vispous Aroclor (Portion 1) 16 lbs. of Aroclor 1 lb. of stearic acid (Portion 2) , 8 lbs. of water / 4 oz. Triethanolamine Heat the Aroclor' jx>'a workable viscosity (180P plus) and stir in the stearic acid thoroughly. Heat the water to almost boiling (207F) and stir in the triethanolamine thoroughly. Pour the Aroclor stearic acid portion into the water portion, agitat ing vigorously. Then process the combined por tions with a hi^hs|)eed emulsifying stirrer ... or process through a colloid mill. Emulsifiable Concentrated Stock Solutions of Aroclor 79 parts Jbf Ar >clor 16.70 parts of Loluene 3.55 parts of sopropyl alcohol 1.00 nhrts of S terox^ CD non-ionic emulsifier 0.75 parts of Santomerse1^ anionic wetting agefit 1 The above formulation is readily emulsifiable with water. If a more resmous Aroclor is used, increase the amount of toluene (or xylene) as needed to dissolve the Aroclor resin. j 15 i TOWOLDMONOOQ5230 SOLUBILITY OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS IN 100 MILLILITERS OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS Afoclor Type of Solvent Acid Acetic Acid ............................ Oleic Acid ............................... Benzoic Acid ......................... Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde ............ Furfural..................................... Amine Aniline....................................... Pyridine.................................... Chloro derivatives Amyl chlorides mixed .... Carbon Tetrachloride........... Chloroform.............................. Dichlorethylene...................... Ethylene Dichloride.............. Monochlorobenzene............ Orthodichlorobenzene........ Tetrachlorethane................... Trichlorethane........................ Trichlorethylene.................... Drying Oil Tung Oil.................................... Linseed Oil................... ........... Ester Amyl Acetate.......................... Butyl Acetate.......................... Cellosotve Acetate................ Cottonseed Oil ..................... Dibutyf Phthalate.................. Diethyl Phthalate.................. Ethyl Acetate.......................... Ethyl Lactate ............. ........... Ethylene Glyiol Diacetate.. Methyl Acetate....................... Tricresyl Phosphate............. Ether: Ethyl Ether..................... Ether Alcohol Carbitol*................................... Celiosolve................................ Diethylene Glycol.................. p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether. Hydrocarbon Benzene................................... Gasoline................. ................... Kerosene.................................. Mineral Spirits........................ Paraffin..................................... Pine Oil..................................... Toluene ................................... T urpentine............................... Xylene....................................... Hydroxy derivatives Amyl Alcohol ......................... n-Butyl Alcohol ..................... Ethyl Alcohol (3-A)................ Glycerine.................................. Methyl Alcohol..................... Phenol- 90%.......................... Ketone Acetone.................................... Miscellaneous Carbon Disulfide.................... Nitrobenzene.......................... Water......................................... 1242 25C Hot S [132.5 W5C 2.0 *7.5'C S VS 42.5 C 194 30"c s s 80.0 >0c I 88.5 SO'C 1248 25C Hot VS VS 2.0 28"C VS VS VS VS 1270 Cold Hot 114 3)C S 425 100-C S 3.7 3.0 2.9 VS VS s s 10 27"C I 15 26C ss 142 178 >0 tudtmsrk ol Union Carb' oof*95 TOWOLDMONOOQ5231 VAPOR PRESSURE OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS 0i,3l99h TOWOLDMONOOQ5232 VAPORIZATION RATES Sample Wt. Loss Gms. Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 chlorinated paraffin dioctyl phthalate Dutrex* 25 Aroclor 1254 Dutrex 20 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 4465 Aroclor 1270 Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 Tricresyl phosphate 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 *Dutic> Is t rgislred trademark of the Shell Oil Co. Hours Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm.s 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vaporization Rate 0ms./cm.%./1MC 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 APPROXIMATE VAPOR PRESSURES CALCULATED AT 100 F {37.8 C) Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 0.005 mm. Hg. 0.001 mm. Hg. 0.00037 mm. Hg. 0.00006 mm. Hg. TOWOLDMONOOQ5233 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS Aroclor Number Metals 1248 25C 125C 1254 25C 125C 4455 125C 5460 125C Aluminum............................................................... R R R R *RR RR Copper................................................................... R D R D D D Magnesium............................................................. RR R R R RR *RR Nickel.................................................................... RR R R RR RR R Silver..................................................................... R R R R R R Tin........................................................................ R R R R R R R R R R R RR Mild Steel............................................................... RR R RR RR R RR Phosphor Bronze...................................................... R D R R R R Red Brass............................................................... D D R D R De Stainless Steel (Type 316)......................................... RR RR RR RR RR RR Yellow Brass........................................................... R Re R De Re Re Plastics Alkyd Resin No, 46594-12.......................................... *P P *P P P P Alkyd Resin No. 46594-13A........................................ *D P *D P P P Cellulose Acetate (Fibestos)....................................... D P D P P P Duritef,) Phenol Furfural Resin................................... *D P *R P D P Formvar Highly Plasticized polyvinyl formal resins...... De T Pe T T T Formvar Low Plasticized polyvinyl formal resins......... PS T PS T T T Glyptal 1276............................................................ R P D P P P Glyptal 7136............................................................ *D T *R T T 7 Maleic Resin No. 46594-13B....................................... P P *P P P P Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C....................................... P P *R P P P Methyl Methacrylate................................................. *D P *D P P P Lustron B Polystyrene........................................... P T P T T T Resinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin..................... *D *P *R R *P *D Resinox Wood Flour Filled Melamine Resin................... *D P *R D R P Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde................ *D D *D D R P Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde........... *D P *D *R D P Resinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde..................... *D D *D *D *D P Urea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)....................... *D P *D *P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: * - Based on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown. RR Eicetient resistance- less than 1.0 10 * cm/d>y penetration or .00014 m/yr. R Good resistance has penetration between 1.0110 * end 10 10 (cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. D - Doubllul resistance, penetration between 10 > 10 1 cni/day and 100 i 10" * cm/dsy or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. P Poor resistance penetration greater than 100 i 10 1 cni/day or 0 014 in/yr. PS Pool resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance, e following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than mdicaled it totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oatdalion ot the part of test strip exposed 10 air. 1 Material alone will not stand temparalure (I; Duiite is a legislated trademark ot Borden Chemical Co. 0431998 19 TOWOLDMONOOQ5234 VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS VISCOSITY RANGES OF SOME OF THE AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS qR9 0*^ 20 TOWOLDMONOOQ5235 DENSITIES OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES CH32000 21 TOWOLDMONOOQ5236 Dermatology and Toxicology At ordinary temperatures the Aroclor poly chlorinated polyphenyls have not presented in dustrial toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their vola tility: the lower-chlorinated ones, being more volatile, present more of a potential problem from the standpoint of both inhalation and skin con tact. When Aroclor is used at elevated tempera tures, engineering controls must be applied, either by the use of closed systems or by effective localexhaust ventilation together with general work room exhaust. Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maxi mum safe concentration of vapor is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aro clor compounds per cubic meter of air. The thresh old limits (maximum allowable concentration for an 8-hour working day) set by the American Con ference of Government Hygienists are 1.0 milli gram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor compounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highly-chlorinated compounds, such as Aro clor 1254, per cubic meter of air. Schwartz patch tests on 200 volunteers showed that neither Aroclor 1254 alone when applied to gauze nor a polyvinyl chloride film containing 11.5-weight-per cent Aroclor 1254 was a primary irritant or a sensitizer. Canvas coated with an oilmodified alkyd resin (17-weight-per cent of the paint-film solids and 7-weight-per cent of the painted fabric was Aroclor 5460) did not produce primary skin irritancy or sensitization according to the same Schwartz technique. Continuous or re peated skin contact with Aroclor must be avoided because of the possible occurence of a condition called chlorance. Although reports of this condi tion caused by Aroclor are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. 043^001 22 TOWOLDMONOOQ5237 Safe Handling Vapors of the Aroclor liquids at room temperature should not be breathed in a confined space. Vapors evolved at elevated temperatures should not be allowed to be dispersed into the general workroom. Instead, engineering control must be applied to reduce vapor concentrations below the allowable concentrations mentioned above. Continuous or repeated skin contact with Aroclor must be avoided by the use of gloves and pro tective garments. If any Aroclor is spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual man ner with a soap solution. A burn caused by contact with a hot Aroclor should be treated like any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately, unless treatment of the burn de mands it, in which case either soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recom mended. Shipping Information Freight Classification AROCLOR 1221, 1243, 1242, 1248,1254,1260, 1262 Rail Classification AROCLOR 1268, 2565, 4465, 5442, 5460 Truck Classification AROCLOR 1268, 2565 AROCLOR 4465, 5442, 5460 Shipping Regulations Standard Containers AROCLOR 1221 AROCLOR 1232 AROCLOR 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 AROCLOR 1268 AROCLOR 2565, 4465 AROCLOR 5442 AROCLOR 5460 (flaked) Synthetic Resin, Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Other Than Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Powder, NOI Synthetic Resin, Lumps or Solid Mass, NOI None Tank car, 520-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 550-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 600-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 200-lb. fiber drum, 50-lb. can 500-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 450-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 100-lb. bas 0432002 23 TOWOLDMONOOQ5238 r DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALE DIVISIONS ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Towers West, 3390 Peachtree Rd. N.E. Tel. (404) 231-4320 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (617) Dunkirk 7-5010 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 3158 Des Plaines Ave. Des Plaines, Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tel. (513) 751-6707 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44122 3645 Warrensville Center Rd. Tel. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers Tel. (313) 357-0910 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tel. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Flotilla St. Tel. (213) Raymond 3-2492 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55402 912 Norlhslar Center 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) Federal 9-4651 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenue Tel. (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Gateway Center Bidg. Room 1406 Tel. (412) 261-2156 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 SAN FRANC/CSO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette, Santa Clara, Calif. 95052 Tel. (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenue Tel. (206) Main 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. Tel. (413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike, Fairfax Tel. (302) Olympia 8 6531 Additional District Offices are maintained by: Agricultural Division EL DORADO. ARKANSAS 71731 Smackover Highway P. 0. Box 231 Tel. (501) Union 3-3151 LULING. LOUISIANA 70070 P. 0. Box 174 Tel. (504) 784-291 1 '% Building Products Department ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90066 814 San Fernando Road Tel. (213) CA. 2-9111 Chemstrand Company Division AKRON, OHIO 44313 3030 West Market St. Tel. (216) Temple 6-7941 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building 129 West Trade St. Tel. (704) 376-9871 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10001 350 Fifth Ave. Tel. (212) 556-5100 ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, N. J. 661 Palisades Ave. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07631 Tel. (201) 568-2151 Hydrocarbons & Polymers Division Lion Oil EL DORADO, ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building Tel. (501) Union 3-3111 JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI 39209 P. O. Box 10937 Westland Station Tel. (601) Fleetwood 2-3648 LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72203 1515 West Seventh St Tel. (501) Franklin 6-2437 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE 38101 1023 Riverside Drive P. O. Box 25? Tel. (901) Whitehall 8-4451 Organic Chemicals Division (Rubber Industry) AKRON. OHIO 4431 1 920 Biown Street P. O, Box 2307 Tel, (216) Hemlock 4-1921 MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD.. ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 J * ?-2130-0466-6 UTHO FLUIDS TOWOLDMONOOQ5239 0<13?00`. MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD., ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 TOWOLDMONOOQ5240