Document 3Q1xvdQV2ZxO0bBraeQkEwNo6

Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. 25711 Southfield Road. Southfield, Michigan 48075, Telephone 313 424-8860 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT August 21, 1984 Mr. Joseph J. Michalek, Supervisor Building Services Section Administrative Services FORD MOTORE COMPANY Ford North American Automobile Operations Rotunda Drive at Southfield P.O. Box 1531 Dearborn, MI 48121 CEC Job No. 22405-15 Dear Mr. Michalek: Enclosed are three copies of our report on the Industrial Hygiene Survey conducted for Ford Motor Company, North American Automobile Operation in Dearborn, Michigan. If you have any questions, please calL Sincerely, Richard J. Walcott, C.I.H. Assistant Vice President Manager, Industrial Hygiene Services 3007 1755 Branch offices Atlanta Ca , Edison, N J, Windsor. Ontario A Technical Service of Marsh & McLennan SCF-FORD-3500 PRODUCED BY FORD Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. 25711 Southfield Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, Telephone 313 424-8860 Industrial Hygiene Survey for Ford Motor Company North American Automobile Operation Dearborn, Ml CEC Job No. 22405-15 007 1756 PRODUCED BY FORD Industrial Hygiene Survey for Ford Motor Company North American Automobile Operation Dearborn, MI CEC Job No. 22405-15 Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. 25711 Southfield Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075, Telephone 313 424-8860 1.0 INTRODUCTION Mr. Joseph J. Miehalek, Supervisor of Building Services at Ford Motor Company's North American Automobile Operation (NAAO), authorized Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. to perform an indietrial hygiene survey at its facility in Dearborn, Michigan. The purpose of this survey was to (1) monitor airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers throughout the building and (2) identify the composition of insulation materials in the cafeteria, auditorium, boiler room, and substation. This survey was conducted between July 11 and July 19, 1984 by Messrs. John Robinson, Tim Palmer, and Robert Cleghorn of Clayton. Mr. Robinson conducted air monitoring in the basement and on the first floor on July 11, Mr. Palmer conducted air monitoring on the second floor on July 12, and Mr. Cleghorn conducted air monitoring on the third floor on July 17, the fourth floor on July 18, the fifth floor on July 19, and collected bulk samples of the insulation material. The following report presents and discusses the results of this survey. Appendix A contains the results of air and bulk samples analyzed for asbestos. Appendix B contains a description of sampling and analytical methods used for asbestos. Appendix C contains toxicological information on asbestos exposure. 2.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2.1 AIR MONITORING Concentrations of airborne fibers at all locations tested were below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHAs) "exposure" level of 0.1 fibers (longer than 5 micrometers) per cubic 6007 1757 PRODUCED BY FORD Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. centimeter of air (fibers/cc)t and were well below the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2 fibers/oc. The highest airborne fiber concentration measured was 0.05 fibers/cc at location 12 on the fourth floor (see Figure 5). This sample was further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) to identify the composition of the fibers. Results indicated that no asbestos fibers were present in the sample (see Tables 6 and 7, Appendix A). 2.2 INSULATION MATERIAL Analytical results indicated that there is no asbestos present in the ceiling insulation samples taken from the boiler room or in the substation's ceiling insulation materiaL However, asbestos fibers were detected in both the cafeteria and auditorium ceiling materials in the range of 9-16% (see Appendix A). Recommendations for proper personal protection for individuals working in the ceiling area are noted below. Further testing of the asbestos-containing insulation is recommended to determine the friability of the material, and is discussed below. 3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS Since measured airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers were below the OSHA exposure level of 0.1 fibers/cc in the office space, there does not appear to be an asbestos exposure problem to individuals working below ceiling level under the conditions existing during the sampling. Previous testing of the insulation material located above the ceiling level indicated that there is a thin layer of asbestos material above a layer of fiberglass. Clayton recommends the continued use of National Insititute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSHl-approved respirators by individuals working above the ceiling and performing this work when the area is not occupied by unprotected employees. If above ceiling work can be performed when such spaces are not occupied, the asbestos in the plenum can be suitably managed. If this is not feasible, removal of the asbestos-containing materials may be warranted. Clayton also recommends that additional testing be performed on the cafeteria and auditorium insulation material to determine the friability of the materiaL This test evaluates the condition of the insulation material and identifies areas of potential fiber release. An asbestos management program should be instituted in the meanwhile to contain and control these ceiling materials. Removal or another control measure that can be scheduled to coincide with other renovation activities will probably be most effective. 2- - 3007 175 S PRODUCED BY FORD Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. 4.0 DISCUSSION 4.1 AIR SAMPLING Air sampling was conducted during normal working hours to best evaluate employee exposures at peak air movement and building vibration periods. Figures 1-6, Appendix A, detail sampling locations on each floor including the basement. On each of the five sampling days, 15-18 samples were taken. One ambient air monitor was placed on the roof near an air intake vent to determine outside levels, if any, of asbestos fibers. The remaining samples were taken at selected areas which best represented the breathing zone of employees. Two field blanks were also taken to determine background levels of fibers on the filter media. Results of air monitoring indicated that all airborne fiber concentrations were below OSHA's exposure level of 0.1 fibers/cc. The highest sample concentration measured was 0.05 fibers/cc. This sample was further analyzed by SEM/EDS to identify the composition of fibers present. No asbestos fibers were detected in this sample. All blank levels were at or below the lower limit of detection (LOD) of the analytical method (NIOSH P&CAM 239). Tables 1-5 in Appendix 1 contain data obtained from air monitoring. 4.2 INSULATION STUDY Three replicate insulation samples at each of four locations were collected after normal working hours to reduce potential fiber release in occupied areas. A corft boring tool was used to take a representative core sample of the material. Results indicated that there was no asbestos in either the substation or boiler room ceiling insulation. All three ceiling insulation replicates taken in the cafeteria and auditorium contained significant levels of chrysotile asbestos. The auditorium samples contained 13-16% asbestos, the cafeteria samples contained 9-11% asbestos. Table 8 in Appendix 1 contains data on the bulk insulation samples. Clayton recommends that employees and service personnel disturbing the ceiling material in either the cafeteria or auditorium be aware of potential asbestos fiber release. They should wear NIOSH-approved respirators and perform their work when these spaces are not occupied. 4.3 WORK PRACTICES ' Based on data obtained during this study and from previous Ford studies, asbestos is present in the paper above the fiberglass in the air plenum and in the acoustical plaster of the auditorium and cafeteria. Daily operations of the NAAO Building require contact with these materials. Disturbing these materials presents the potential for the release of asbestos fibers into the environment and subsequent exposure of the building occupants. ' -3- S0G7 1759 ' PRODUCED BY FORD Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. Activities which may dislodge the asbestos-containing materials should be discontinued or performed in a carefully prescribed manner. Controls would include the use of respirators, limiting activities to time periods when the space is not occupied, and dean-up of all material with a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filtering system. Report prepared by: Laboratory Supervisor -4- E.007 1 76 j ' PRODUCED BY FORD APPENDIX A RESULTS OF AIR AND BULK SAMPLES 3007 1761 ' PRODUCED BY FORD KM) M7TOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan Basement Air Monitoring location July 11, 1984 y, Room B-97, J.J. Michalek's Office oCj ->J irh\> Fig. #1 PRODUCED BY FORD t FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Autcmotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan 1st Flexor Air Monitoring Locations July 11, 1984 I1ailroom Room 174-A, Cbrputer Room Roan 180, Gagin Duplication Room 2. a 33 m 10 & 11 31 H 12 13 J&) Rxrni 152 \JJ Auditorium Medical CooV 14 -4 15 Q ^1 Rxrni 193, Barbershop Rxro 137 Raom 198, Office 04 Rxxn 130 > w B Roan 106, Hurst Office Rnom 126 L5) Raom 111 L6J Rxjm 112 LD Rm 118, Recker Rx>f under cooling tower (ambient) Fig. #2 PRODUCED BY FORD FORD FETOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan 2nd Floor Air Monitoring locations July 12, 1984 Room 272 Room 264 Room 259/275 Cafeteria, NW Room 256 Cafeteria Center Kitchen Room 282 Dining Room Entrance 4 Office Across from Room 246 Across from Room 220 Room 240 Room 204 Room 231 Room 212 Room 222 Roof, Intake 19 0 10 11 12w V u TS SL RQ pnm lkjhgfedcba 3007 1764 Fig. #3 PRODUCED BY FORD PRODUCED BY FORD FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan 3rd Floor Air Monitoring locations July 17, 1984 Office vrall of Gracine Dukes Office wall of D.E. Swift Office wall of F.P. McLaughlin Office wall of G.P. Zenke Rxm 382, McOorvey's desk oo c-Nj Rxm 391, comer desk Rxm 348, on exterior wall Rxm 342 (open ceiling above) on desk N Rxm 398, Joanne Shaner's desk v/i Rxm 334, ooffee desk Rxm 308, Flo Boggs's desk Rxm 327, Lynn Rose's desk Rxm 322-A, over ceiling opening on desk Rxm 320, Carl Hoeberling's desk Rxf top. Air Intake #9 (ambient air) Fig. #4 FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan 4th Flexor Air Monitoring Locations July 18, 1984 Room 474, an vacant desk, phene #32-23057 Rxm 470, on vacant desk next to Dee Staub Room 479, on vacant comer chair Room 466, cn vacant desk, next to CM Furmaga Room 486, on vacant desk, next to Tom Lee Room 454, Whall's desk or>j1 Vacant disk next to J.R. Pickles (void, employee tanpered with device) Room 498, J.B. Sloat's desk Rocm 440, Smith's desk o Room 408, W. Peterson's file cabinet Room 432, on vacant desk next to Knoll Room 425, Reece's file cabinet Roan 418, O'Donnell's desk Room 422, Grimes's desk Roof top. Air Intake #9 (anbient air) Pi a #5 PRODUCED BY FORD FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearbom, Michigan 5th Floor Air Monitoring Locations July 19, 1984 u 0 () (s) (2) . WVUTSRQPNMLKJHGFE DCBA Roan 556, I4.A. Burns's desk Room 556, E.G. Koch's desk Roan 572 Room, 548, Oonputer Room Roan 582, W. Micik's desk Roan 541, T.E. Grime's desk Room 534, D.F. Eisenlord Roan 535, file cabinet in Storage Room Roan 532, Oonputer Room Executive Wing, John Manoogian's Office Executive Wing, T.M. Brown's reception area Executive Wing, Conference Room B 0 Executive Wing, Harold Poling's Office Executive Wing, vacant office Roof, Air Intake #9 Fiq, #6 PRODUCED BY FORD Table 1 Results of Airborne Asbestos Fiber Sampling at FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan July 11, 1984 J. E. Robinson CEC Job No. 22405-15 Sample Number Description AA-12627 AA-12649 AA-12603 AA-12656 AA-12618 AA-12614 AA-12613 AA-12612 AA-12602 AA-12625 AA-12626 AA-12646 AA-12639 AA-12643 AA-12637 AA-12624 AA-12578 AA-12670 Location 1, Basement Location 4, 1st tloor Location 8,1st floor Location 11, 1st floor Location 13, 1st floor Location 15, 1st floor Location 16, 1st floor Location 17, 1st floor Location 14, 1st floor Location 12, 1st floor Location 10, 1st floor Location 6, 1st floor Location 5, 1st floor Location 2, 1st floor Location 3, 1st floor Location 8, 1st floor Location 18, Roof Location 7, 1st floor Sampling Period Start Stop U930 0948 0954 1002 1011 1018 1024 1033 1040 1047 1051 1100 1109 1116 1126 1138 1219 1211 1825 1830 1831 1832 1834 1836 1837 1839 1841 1843 1844 1846 1851 1852 1854 1856 1915 1910 Sampling Duration (min.) 535 522 517 510 503 498 493 486 481 476 473 466 462 456 448 438 416 419 Sample Volume (Liters) Concentration Fibers Fibers per per Filter cc 530 <3000 694 4000 682 <3000 464 4000 634 6000 642 6000 557 13000 603 16000 568 3000 500 6000 430 3000 531 7000 568 <3000 602 4000 730 <3000 552 <3000 499 3000 553 6000 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.02 0.03 0.005 0.01 0.007 < 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.007 < 0.004 < 0.005 0.006 0.01 0 07 17*w Table 2 Results of Airborne Asbestos Fiber Sampling at FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan July 12, 1984 Palmer CEC Job No. 22405-15 4 Sample Number Description AA-12630 AA-12598 AA-12616 AA-12642 AA-12599 AA-12607 AA-12644 AA-12620 AA-12621 AA-12632 AA-12605 aO* oM AA-12bl7 AA-126U8 AA-126J4 AA-12597 r>\ AA-126U1 'O AA-12610 AA-12661 Location 18, Roof Location 4, 2nd floor Location 6, 2nd floor Location 7, 2nd floor Location 9, 2nd floor Location 1, 2nd floor Location 3, 2nd floor Location 2, 2nd floor Location 5, 2nd floor Location 8, 2nd floor Location 11, 2nd floor Location 13, 2nd tloor Location 12, 2na floor Location 14, 2nd floor Location 16, 2nd floor Location 17, 2nd floor Location 15, 2na floor Location 10, 2nd floor Minimum time, pump turned off Maximum concentration Sampling Period Start Stop 0831 0845 0850 0855 0903 0927 0938 0947 0955 1000 1012 1015 1021 10J4 1044 1052 1058 1110 1613 1626 1500* 1630 1646 1651 1654 1658 1702 1706 1712 1715 1721 1734 1744 1752 1758 1810 Sampling Duration (min.) 462 461 370 455 463 444 436 431 427 426 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 Sample Volume (Liters) Concentration Fibers Fibers per per Filter cc 610 3000 526 < 3000 477 8000 564 4000 755 4000 582 6000 549 6000 517 4000 483 8000 503 6000 538 < 3000 517 7000 559 < 3000 382 3000 529 3000 382 3000 441 3000 416 6000 0.005 < 0.006 0.017** 0.007 0.005 0.010 0.011 0.008 0.017 0.012 < 0.006 0.014 < 0.005 0.008 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.014 PRODUCED B Y FORD Table 3 Results of Airborne Asbestos Fiber Sampling at FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan July 17, 1984 K. Cleghorn CtC Job No. 22405-15 4 Sample Number Description AA-13535 AA-13547 AA-13537 AA-13549 AA-13539 AA-13770 AA-13754 AA-13536 AA-13544 AA-13546 AA-13786 AA-13532 AA-13751 AA-13550 AA-135J1 AA-13753 Location 12, 3rd floor Location 14, 3rd floor Location 13, 3rd floor Location 10, 3rd floor Location 11, 3rd floor Location 1, 3rd floor Location 8, 3rd floor Location 9, 3rd floor Location 5, 3rd floor Location 3, 3rd floor Location 15, Hoof Location 2, 3rd floor Location 6, 3rd floor Location 4, 3rd floor Location 7, 3rd floor Field Blank Sampling Period Start Stop 1020 1008 1015 1003 0958 0850 0938 0950 0916 0911 0839 0855 0926 0906 0928 1708 1706 1707 1711 1703 1643 1659 1701 1651 1648 1637 1644 1654 1647 1657 Sampling Duration (min.) 408 418 412 428 425 413 441 431 455 457 478 469 448 461 449 Sample Volume (Liters) Concentration Fibers Fibers per per Filter cc 502 6000 414 < 3000 433 < 3000 389 < 4000 510 14000 376 < 3000 564 3000 509 6000 605 4000 516 6000 626 4000 591 7U0U 730 6000 572 < 3000 512 6000 1 - < 3000 0.01 < 0.007 < 0.007 0.001 0.03 < 0.008 0.005 0.01 0.007 0.01 0.006 0.01 0.008 < 0.005 0.01 PRODUCED B Y FORD Table 4 Results of Airborne Asbestos Fiber Sampling at FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan July 18, 1984 K. Cleghorn CEC Job No. 22405-15 Sample Number Description Sampling Period Start Stop Sampling Duration (min.) Sample Volume (Liters) Concentration Fibers Fibers per per Filter cc AA-13530 AA-13541 AA-13540 AA-13543 AA-13534 AA-1$527 AA-13528 AA-13529 AA-15242 AA-15240 o* AA-15236 o o-N| AA-15225 AA-15234 AA-15239 AA-15233 Location 4, 4th floor Location 8, 4th floor Location 9, 4th floor Location 11,4th floor Location 13, 4th floor Location 2, 4th floor Location 12, 4th floor Location 7, 4th floor Location 1, 4th floor Locution 6, 4th floor Location 5, 4th floor Location 14, 4th floor Location 10, 4th floor Location 15, roof Location 3, 4th floor 0857 0944 0926 1002 1028 0902 1012 0928 0841 0911 0922 1021 0954 0832 0852 1621 1635 1637 1640 1652 1617 1643 Void 1607 1658 1626 1647 1656 1602 1624 Employee 444 411 431 398 384 435 391 Tampering 446 467 424 366 422 450 452 533 11000 526 < 3000 392 < 3000 394 3000 438 < 3000 570 3000 442 20000 727 8000 588 18000 386 11000 479 6000 519 6000 531 3000 475 3000 0.02 < 0.006 < 0.008 0.008 < 0.007 0.005 0.05* 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.006 0.006 Filter was further analyzed by SEm/EUS. No asbestos fibers were detected. PRODUCED B Y FORD Table 5 Results of Airborne Asbestos Fiber Sampling at FORD MOTOR COMPANY North American Automotive Operation Dearborn, Michigan July 19, 1984 R. Cleghorn CEC Job No. 22405-15 Sample Number Description AA-15237 AA-15229 AA-15232 AA-15227 AA-15238 AA-15217 AA-15213 AA-15214 AA-15222 AA-15228 o o AA-15235 ^1 AA-15215 AA-15218 si si AA-15231 M AA-15224 AA-15226 Location 2, 5th floor Location 3, 5th floor Location 11, 5th floor Location 7, 5th floor Location 15, Roof Location 6, 5th floor Location 4, 5 th floor Location 10, 5th floor Location 13, 5tn floor Location 14, 5th floor Location 8, 5th floor Location 9, 5th floor Location 12, 5th floor Location 5, 5th floor Location 1, 5th floor Field Blank Minimum time, employee tampered with device Maximum concentration Turned off July 20, 1984 Sampling Period Start Stop 0910 0922 1051 0949 0902 0941 0917 1033 1027 1021 1002 1011 1039 0936 0907 1624 1630 1654 1641 1614 1300 1626 1647 1649 1652 1644 1333* 1648 1632 1620 Sampling Duration (min.) 434 428 363 412 432 199* 429 374 382 391 402 1662 369 416 433 Sample Volume (Liters) 534 505 381 672 566 181 425 340 489 442 498 2094 421 499 576 - Concentration Fibers Fibers per per Filter cc < 3000 < 3000 6000 7000 < 3000 3000 7000 < 3000 < 3000 < 3000 8000 14000 3000 < 3000 7000 3000 < 0.006 < 0.006 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 0.02** 0.02 < 0.009 < 0.006 < 0.007 0.02 0.007 0.007 < 0.006 0.01 ---- PRODUCED BY FORD Table CLAYTON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC. Results of Asbestos Analysis for FORD MOTOR COMPANY Job No. 22405-15 CEC lab number: 330638 Sample description: AA-13528 (37MM AA) Received 3-AU0-84 Prep'd 8-AUG-84 Analyzed 8-AU0-84 Reported 9-AUG-84' Analyst: CJK/RGR Scan magnification: 5000 Calibration factor: 1.170 Number of fields: 1000 Area of field (MM2): 0.0002922 Effective filter area (MM2): 201.0 Fraction analyzed: 0.5000 total chrysotlle amphlbole ambiguous non-asbestos total asbestos all fibers COUNT fibers analyzed total fibers 0 - 1376 0 - 1376 0 - 1376 4 5503 0 - 1376 4 5503 Z > 5 uo length 25.00 25.00 MASS total mass, NG I > 5 m length arithmetic mean, NG geometric mean, NG standard deviation, NG standard geo. deviation - 0.027013 -- 0.044712 LENGTH, micrometers CO arithmetic mean O U>1 geometric mean standard deviation standard geo. deviation ->l 04 WIDTH, micrometers arithmetic mean geometric mean standard deviation standard geo. deviation Method: SEM/EDS, SAMPLE WAS ASHED AND REDEPOSITED Minus signs should be read as "less than" 3.590 3.404 1.484 1.430 0.513 0.498 0.140 1.330 3.590 3.404 1.484 1.430 0.513 0.498 0.140 1.330 PRODUCED BY FORD Table 7 CLAYTON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC* Results of Asbestos Analysis for FORD MOTOR COMPANY Job No. 22405-15 Field Length(UM) Width(UM) Asp. Ratio Mass(NG) Morph. EDS SAED Class.* Fiber data for sample no* 330638 , AA-13528 (37MM AA) 358.01 2.91 0.34 8.5 568.01 2.74 0.51 5.3 823.01 2.91 0.51 5.7 924.01 5.81 0.68 8.5 4 4 04 4 4 04 44 04 4 4 04 * 1 chrysotile, 2 " amphlbole. 3 " ambiguous, 4 non--asbestos . 0 - not used * in comment -column - Unit case , counted as 1/2 fiber Comments SILICA ALUMINUM SILICATE SILICA ALUMINUM SILICATE 4 oo> c_ >1 -->N1l PRODUCED BY FORD Tat 8 Ford Motor Company North American Automotive Operation-Dearborn, MI Insulation Composition^by, PolaHJed Light Microscopy Estimated % Asbestos (15) y Non-Asbestos Fibrous Materials S4 A 1/ l y* //A/ A A, Ay'c AA & m3m, Lab Number Physical Description of Sample Comments 331048 331049 331050 331051 331052 331053 331054 331055 331056 331057 B-l, Above Boiler #1, Gray Min eral mixture, tightly compressed a B-2, Above Boiler fi, Gray Min eral mixture, tightly compressed a B-J,--Apove entrance 0 Boiler room, gray mineral mixture, tightly compressed a S-l, Above "substation entrance, gray mineral mixture tighbly compressed Sr2, Above Subfee^er 11, gray mineral mixture tightly com pressed S-3, Above IBM Trans. 1 and 2 gray mineral mixture, tightly compressed ., A-l, Vest entrance to auditorium Tan fibers and filler compressed with outer binder A-2, Center entrance to audit orium, Tan fibers and filler com ** 16 pressed with outer binder 14 A-3, East entrance to auditorium Tan fibers and filler compressed with outer binder 13 C-l, End of cafeteria line #1 Tan fibers and filler compressed with outer binder A9 X X X XX XX XX Homogenized Homogenized Homogenized Homogenized Homogenized Homogenized X Homogenized X Homoaenized X Homogenized X PRODUCED BY FORD Analysis performed in accordance with EPA protocol for asbestos using polarized light microscopy. eoc>7 1775 040684 684 PRODUCED BY FORD APPENDIX B DESCRIPTIONS OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS b007 1777 ' PRODUCED BY FORD ASBESTOS Samples for the determination of airborne asbestos fibers were collected by drawing air at measured flowrates through open-faced cassettes containing 37-millimeter diameter cellulose ester membrane filters using battery-powered, portable pumps. Samples were collected with the filter face downward. Area samples were positioned so that the filter was between 3 and 5 feet above the floor to approximate workers' breathing zone heights. Unless mentioned otherwise in the sample description, all area samples were collected at fixed locations tnroughout the sampling period. Each sample was subsequently analyzed for asbestos fibers using the microscopic technique currently specified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH P&CAM 239). Briefly, the technique consisted of the following steps: a wedge-shaped sector of each filter was cut carefully from the sample and mounted on a standard microscope slide, using a high-viscosity solution of membrane filter material in a 1:1 mixture of diethyl oxalate and dimethyl phthalate to render the filter transparent. Asbestos fibers, defined as particles having aspect ratios (apparent length to width) of three or greater, which were visible on the surface of the filter, were counted using a binocular microscope equipped with lOx eyepieces and a 40x objective with phase-contrast illumination. Porton recticle fields, selected at random on the sample, were examined, and fibers greater than 5 micrometers in length were counted until either of two conditions was satisfied: 1. A minimum of 100 fibers was counted in 20 or more fields. 2. A minimum of 100 fields was examined. Results of the microscopic analyses were used with field sampling data (measured flowrates and duration of sampling) to calculate the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers corresponding to each sample in units of fibers greater than 3 micrometers m length per cubic centimeter of air. 600* 1776 ' PRODUCED BY FORD METHOD OF ANALYSES FOR ASBESTOS BULK USING POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY (PLM) When a bulk asbestos sample is received, several representative portions of the sample are removed and put into a labeled petri dish. The sample parts are examined through a stereobinocular microscope and fibers are extracted using forceps. These extracted fibers are then placed on a microscope slide and mounted using a refractive index solution (high dispersion (HD) Cargille liquid). After mounting, the fibers are identified using polarized light microscopy (PLM), supplemented by dispersion staining.1 After fiber identification by PLM, an estimation (+5%) is made as to the percent (area) composition of asbestos. The estimated percentages are based on size, number, shape, and density of each of the components, and comparison to a standard set of samples previously quantitated by the interim Research Triangle Institute (RTI) method.2 ^cCrone, Walter C., The Asbestos Particle Atlas, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 1980. 2Research Triangle Institute, "Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestiform Minerals in Bulk Insulation Samples", pp. 8-12, 1980. / 5007 17?9 PRODUCED BY FORD 1 APPENDIX C TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON ASBESTOS EXPOSURE a007 17 ? 0 ' PRODUCED BY FORD ASBESTOS Asbestos Is a generic term referring to various fibrous mineral silicates, including ehrysotile (hydrated magnesium silicate, amosite (iron* magnesium silicate), crocidolite (sodium-iron silicate), tremolite (calcium-magnesium silicate), anthophyllite (another iron-magnesium silicate), and actinolite (calcium-magnesium-iron silicate). The potential health hazard associated with exposure to asbestos results from inhalation of airborne fibers; small asbestos fibers can pass readily through the upper respiratory tract and be deposited in the terminal bronchioles of the lung. There they can produce a local irritation which the body attempts to overcome by initiating a tissue response resulting in the encapsulation of the fibers and consequent formation of "asbestos bodies". Asbestos fibers are the causative agents in cases of asbestosis, a progressive disease characterized by diffuse interstitial fibrosis and, at times, pleural changes of fibrosis and calcification. It is often evident by such clinical signs as rales and dyspnea. In its severe form, asbestosis can contribute to, and result in, death due to the inability of the body to obtain oxygen or the heart to pump blood through the scarred lungs. Exposure to airborne asbestos fibers has also been associated with bronchogenic carcinoma (a malignancy of the interior of the lung), mesothelioma (a diffuse malignancy of the lining of the chest cavity or abdomen), and cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum. Cigarette smoking can enhance the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma from this substance. In order to protect workers from such occupational hazards, the Occupa tional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a permissible exposure limit of two fibers (longer than 5 micrometers) per cubic centimeter of air (fibers/cc) as an 8-hour, time-weighted average (TWA) concentration limit. This OSHA standard also specifies a ceiling (peak) exposure limit of 10 fibers per cubic centimeter of air. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended an 8-hour, TWA exposure limit of 0.1 fibers/cc, with a peak concentration limit of 0.5 fibers/cc based on a 15-minute sampling period. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has adopted 8-hour, TWA threshold limit values (TLVs), depending on the type of asbestos as follows: Amosite: 0.5 fibers/cc Chrysotile: 2 fibers/cc Crocidolite: 0.2 fibers/cc Other forms: 2 fibers/cc ACGIH lists all forms of asbestos in the category of human carcinogens. la Z l Z00 090983 ' PRODUCED BY FORD Clayton Environmental Consultants, too. 25711 Southfield Road, Southfield. Michigan 48075. Telephone 313 424-8860 May 7,1684 Mr. Joseph J. Miehalek Supervisor Building Services Section Administrative Services FORD MOTOR COMPANY Ford North American Automobile Operations Rotunda Drive at Southfield P.O. Box 1531 Dearborn, MI 48121 Dear Mr. Miehalek: I'm sorry I did not get to meet with you last Monday but I appreciated talking with you on the telephone. Since we talked, I have also had the opportunity to talk with Henry Lick. Presented below are several options for testing and asbestos abatement. 1. Asbestos material identification. Henry Lick was not sure whether samples of the cafeteria, auditorium, boiler room, and electrical room had been analyzed. I recommend that part of the asbestos management program for the building include testing and evaluation of these materials. 2. The asbestos paper above the ceiling is a rather unique situation. I strongly suspect (and your air sampling results to date according to Mr. Lick, confirm) that the asbestos fiber release rate is very low. Accordingly, the paper presents little hazard if it is left intact. Unfortunately, the above ceiling cable activities and other maintenance functions result in disruptions of the paper on a regular basis. I recommend that the following be considered (with increasing effectiveness of control and cost). a) Management Program-all above ceiling activities be restricted to periods of time when the ventilation is off and under conditions of reduced building occupancy. I understand that work above the ceiling already requires a respirator and other controls. These should be continued. b) Removal of paper from main cable pathways since these routes are opened on a roatine basis. c) Removal of paper from entire ceiling area. Would also recommend removal of paper covered fiberglass pads and thorough cleaning of plenum space. May require closure of building or at a minimum all work on third shift. L_ 3037 1732 ' PRODUCED BY FORD Mr. Joseph J. Michalek Ford Motor Company May 7, 1984 Page 2 3. Air sampling in building to document the fiber levels in the general environment of the building. This testing will provide a record of the airborne fiber level and will possibly help prioritize control activities. Clayton professionals can assist in the testing of ceiling materials, development of specifications for abatement activities, and air sampling. Based on my observations, the bulk sampling can be accomplished for $700 (three samples of each of the four suspect materials) and would have to be collected outside normal business hours. Air sampling in the building would be done at the rate of one sample per 5.000 square feet of building space. I understand that there are about 400.000 square feet of space. Testing would require about five man-days and involve approximately 80 samples (including ambient samples) at $22.50/sample. Total costs, including calibration of equipment and a detailed report would be about $4,700. Specification costs would depend on the abatement procedure selected. Qualifications Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc., since 1954 a leader in occupational health and environmental pollution control, is fully qualified in asbestos sampling, analysis, evaluation, and control. The following are brief summaries of our relevant work in this area: L As an OSHA subcontractor, Clayton performed a review and analysis published as "Technological feasibility and Inflationary Impact of Standards for the Control of Asbestos Dust at the workplace," of the proposed OSHA asbestos standards of 0.5 fibers/mL and 0.1 fibers/mL. 2. Clayton has surveyed over 700 office and institutional buildings to evaluate and help control potential exposures by occupants to asbestos. These studies have included onsite sampling of airborne fiber and bulk samples, and laboratory analyses. 3. The Clayton laboratory has provided analytical services to over 85 school districts to identify asbestos hazards using such techniques as X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), and phase contrast and polarized light microscopy. 4. Clayton has been retained by several major corporations to provide onsite consultation and monitoring services whenever a renovation project involving asbestos is undertaken. 6007 1725 PRODUCED BY FORD Mr. Joseph J. Michalek Ford Motor Company May 7, 1984 Page 3 5. Clayton routinely assists its clients in developing appropriate and administrative and/or asbestos abatement programs (removal or encapsulation). This includes development of job performance requirements for the bid package and contract, onsite review of abatement work by our professionals, and onsite air sampling to ensure that both the client and contractor personnel are not exposed to excessive asbestos concentrations. 6. Clayton was retained by a major mining company to conduct an extensive study to determine the degree of alleged contamination by asbestos of air and water resources. This 2-year study involved collection, analysis, and interpretation of thousands of air, water, and soil samples to determine asbestos concentrations. 7. Clayton was retained by the American Petroleum Institute to conduct a round robin program involving 10 participating petrochemical companies. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the standard NIOSH method for measuring asbestos. 8. Clayton routinely performs asbestos surveys and laboratory analysis for a number of industrial and governmental clients. Mr. Michalek, we can initiate any phase of this testing with 5 to 10 days of authorization. The testing and analysis would require 10 to 15 days to complete. Sincerely, fl . Assistant Vice President Manager, Industrial Hygiene Services RJW/pl i0'7 1734 PRODUCED BY FORD