Document 2qvnyGeOyxveRYDMn5kDQ6o9a
CHROME YELLOWS AND ORANGES
Class 8000 S-W Manufacture 11-1-57 CP Mews Letter L-33 Page 11
Chrome fellows and Oranges are lead salts, generally lead chromate or combinations of lead chromate and lead sulfate In varying proportions. In many cases they contain small amounts of other insoluble lead salts which increase cleanliness, lightfastness or tinting strength.
Chrome Yellows increase in strength and lightfastness with increased redness of shade. However, Chrome Oranges decrease in strength with an increase in redness of shade. Chrome Yellows and Oranges bake satisfactorily for 1% hours at 320F., except the primrose shade which will stand 230F. for 4 hours. All are non-bleeding.
Resistance of lead chromate to light, heat, acid and alkali is:
Primrose Light (Lemon) Medium Orange
Light
Poor Good Good Good
Heat
Good Good Good Excellent
Acid
Fair Good Good Poor
Alkali
Poor Poor Poor Good
Principal Standards
Special Standards
S-W Code PC6C Mo. Code Mo.
Description
S-W Code PC&C Mo. Code No.
Description
PRIMROSE CHROME YELLOWS
8000
1207A
Regular Primrose type. Lightest and cleanest shade. Lead chromate content, 647.. Meets Federal Spec. TT-C-290, Type I, and ASTM D-211-47, Type I.
80 C 26 D-3008 Same as 8000, but lower oil absorption,
80 C 17
12161
Lightfast type. Not as clean as regular Primrose Yellow. Much better lightfastness in both full shade and tints than regular Primrose Yellow. Lead chromate content, 621.
LIGHT CHROME YELLOWS
8002 80 C 64
12147
Regular Lemon Yellow type. Meets Federal Spec. TT-C-290, Type II, and NBS-320. Lead chromate content, 707..
12162
Lightfast Lemon Yellow. Deeper In shade and stronger than 8016 and thus more economical to use provided the desired shade can be obtained with it. Since 80 C 64 is redder than 8016, clean greens require 8016. 80 C 64 can be used with green shade Phthalocyanine Blues without difficulty. In combinations with PC blue, it is possible to formulate greens in the light shade range that are competitive with Chrome Green at little or no increase in cost.
8003 80 C 43 80 D 2
12307 Regular type. Low tinting strength. Recommend 8002. Lead chromate content, 691.
12158
Similar properties to 8002 but considerably lighter in shade. Lead chromate content, 59%. See Technical Bulletin C-45.
-- Intermix for 8002.
0007-PMC-000000400
Class 8000 S-W Manufacture 11-1-57 CP Neva Letter L-33
Page 12
LIGHT CHROME YELLOWS (Continued)
Principal Standards
Special Standards
S-W Code PC&C Mo. Code Mo.
Description
S-W Code PC&C Mo. Code Mo.
Description
8016
12160
Yellow for Green. Greener In shade and weaker than 80 C 64. Developed for blending with Iron Blue to make greens. Products are more economical and of equal or greater durability than Chrome Greens. See Technical Bulletins C-55, C-57 and Col or Pigment News Letter L-17.
MEDIUM CHROME YELLOWS
8013
8011 8012
12152
Best quality regular type Medium Yellow. Somewhat brighter in shade and better lightfastness than 8012. Slightly brighter and deeper in shade than 8010. Good light resistance, high strength, clean shade, high hiding power, low oil ab sorption, and no bleeding. Meets Federal Spec. TT-C-290 Type III and ASTM Spec. D211-47 Type III. Lead chro mate content, 93%.. See Tech nical Bulletin C-43 and Color Pigment Mews Letter L-5.
12310
Trifle deeper than 8010. Lower tinting strength than 8012 or 8013. Reconmend 8013 where lightfastness Is im portant or 8014 where maxi mum lead chromate analysis is required. Has low manu facturing cost. Lead chro
mate content, 95%.
12150
Slightly deeper, stronger, and more permanent than 8011. Low reactivity with high acid value vehicles.
8010
12096
Lightest shade Medium Yellow. Recommend using 8012 as the most economical medium yellow where lightfastness is not of impor tance, or 8013, where lightfastness is required. 8010 is more sensitive to moisture, has lower color strength, and has a greater tendency to liver than some of the other medium yellows.
8014
12157
Reddest chrome yellow available. Low production cost. For use in olive drab enamel made for Fed eral Spec. TT-E-485c. Also reconsnended for Federal Spec. TT-P-53a. Lead chromate con tent, 98%. See Technical Bul letin C-31 and Color Pigment News Letter L-4.
80 C 66
D-3169
Similar in shade to 8014 but -slightly better salt spray re sistance. Higher production cost. Use only where best salt spray resistance is necessary (Federal Spec. TT-E 485c). Lead chromate cbntent, 98%.
-- 12163 Llghtfast Medium Yellow. Mot as clean as the regular Medium Yellow, but has much better lightfastness in both full shade and tints. Lead chromate content, 88%.
80 C 12 -- Intermix for 8010.
80 D 4
Intermix for 8013.
8020
Intermix for 6021.
0007-PMC-000000401
Class 8000 S-V Manufacture 11-1-57 CP News Letter L-33 Page 13
Principal Standards
Special Standards
S-W Code PC&C Ho. Code Bo.
Description
S-V Code PC&C No. Code No.
Description
8021
CHROME ORANGES
12311
Light shade. Meets requirements of Federal Spec. TT-C290, Type IVj ASTM, D-211-47, Type IV; NBS, #322. Lead chromate content, 6IZ.
8020
-- Interatx for 8021.
8022
12082 Medium shade. Somewhat deeper than 8021. Lead chromate con tent, 58Z.
8030
12084 Dark shade. Considerably deep er than 8022. Lead chroMte content, 58Z.
ZINC YELLOWS
Zinc Yellows are addition products of potassium dlchromate and zinc oxide, corresponding to the em pirical formula 4Zn0*4Cr03*K20*3H20. Because they combine most of the factors essential to prevent corrosion, the Zinc Yellows are widely used as a rust inhibitor In metal primer* for steel, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys. Although this pigment is only slightly soluble. It is sufficiently so to yield an adequate concentration of inhibiting ions to metal surfaces, thus retarding corrosion.
Zinc Yellows are greener and dirtier than Primrose Chrome Yellows, possess good light resistance and are not affected by sulfide fumes. They bleed badly in water and have low tinting strength and opaci ty. Resistances to heat, alkali, and acid are poor. They bake satisfactorily for 5 hours at 165F.
Zinc Yellows are well adapted to the formulation of metal primers where they serve as a rust inhibitor. Trim paints vlth excellent lightfastness may likewise be formulated by blending Zinc Yellow with Iron Blue or Pbthalocyanlne Blue.
Principal Standards
Special Standards
S-V Code PC&C No. Code No.
Description
S-W Code PC&C No. Code No.
Description
8050 80 C 48
12054
Meets Federal Spec. TT-Z-415, Type II, and ASTM D-478-49, Type II. Coeq>osicion 37.8% ZnO, 41.81 Cr3, 10.21 K20, 7.91 H20.
12159
Meets Federal Spec. TT-Z-415, Type I, and ASTM D-478-49, Type I. Meets Spec. Mil-P-6889*, Mil-P-8585, and Kil-P-7962. Composition 38.IX ZnO, 43.7X Cr03, 10.8X K20, 7.OX H20.
80 C 65
D-3082
Light chartreuse shade. Has corrosion inhibiting properties equal to 8050, but is produced from low cost zinc oxide.
80 C 62 D-3135 Slightly redder in shade and tint than 8050. Developed for use in Rem Glo formulations.
STRONTIUM CHROMATE
Strontium chromate is a lemon type yellow pigment used primarily for its corrosion resistance. Its
advantage over the Zinc Yellows, which are also corrosion inhibiting, Is that It is not reactive with high acid vehicles. Strontium chromate has low color strength and thus low tinting strength. It may be used alone or in combination with other pigments.
80 C 105 D-3228
Standard strontium chromate. Replacement for 80 P 16.
0007-PMC-000000402
Class 8000 S-W Manufacture 11-1-57 CP News Letter L-33 Page 14
MOLYBDATE ORANGES
Molybdate Oranges are nixed crystalline pigments consisting essentially of lead chromate and lead sul fate and containing 5-10Z nolybdate. The latter effects a recrystallization resulting in a bright red-orange pigment.
They have fair resistance to light and alkali and good to heat and acid. They are non-bleeding. Tinctorial strength is about four tines that of Chrone Orange. They have twice the covering power of Chrome Orange. Film durability is excellent, although appreciable darkening occurs on-outdoor ex posure. However, even the lightfast types 8041 and 8043 do not have the permanence of Chrome Orange.
Molybdate Oranges are widely used with organic red pigments to produce Intermediate shades. For low est cost, they may be blended with Graphic Reds, Rubanox Reds or Solfast Reds. For best light resist ance, they should be blended with Fermachrom Red Medium 87 C 21. For moderately good light resistance and a cheaper pigment cost, they should be blended with Permachrom Red Deep 87 C 22. For best heat resistance, they should be blended with Plasticone Red Light 10465. Lightfast Molybdate Orange Deep 80 C 72 is the pigment recommended for blending with organic reds.
Principal Standards
S-W Code PC&C Mo. Code Mo.
Description
Special Standards
S-W Code TCiC Mo. Code Mo.
Description
REGULAR TYPES
-- 12164 Light shade. Light and bright in masstone, strong in tint.
8040
80 C 51 D-3005 Light shade. Slightly weaker than 12164.
8042
12145 Deep shade. Considerably weak er and bluer in tint than 8040.
12095 Light shade. Slightly weaker than 80 C 51.
8041 80 C 72
LIGHTFAST TYPES
12153
Light shade. Mot as bright as regular type. Good resistance to light, thus good for exterior paints and enamels. May be used in Federal Government Specifica tions for obtaining ''Interna tional Orange." See Technical Bulletin C-18 and Color Pigment Mews Letter L-10.
12165
Deep shade. Mot as bright as regular type. Good light re sistance. Reconsaended for use vith organic reds to make inter mediate shades. Trifle lighter in shade and considerably stronger than 8043. Is improve ment over 8043 in gloss charac teristics.
8043
12155
Deep shade,. About the same shade as 8042 but not as bright. Light resistance not quite as good as 8041. See Technical Bulletin C-18 and Color Pigment News Letter L-10.
0007-PM0000000403
Class 8000 S-W Manufacture 11-1-57 CP Hews Letter L-33 Page 15
FLUSHED CHROME YELLOWS AND ORANGE AND MOLYBDATE ORANGES
S-W Code PC6C Ho. Code Ho.
Pigment Hame
Pigment
*
Type Pigment
7. Others
Wt./Gal.
Flushed In General Purpose Alkyd Varnish (37 C 18)
(80 C 18) FL-12-300 (80 C 19) FL-12-301 (80 C 60) FL-12-304
Chrome Yellow Light Chrome Yellow Medium Yellow for Green
8002 8012 8016
(80 C 21) FL-12-303 (80 C 22) FL-12-305
" " FL-12-323
Chrome Orange Medium 8022 Molybdate Orange Seep 8042 Molybdate Orange Seep 8043
76* 16* Resin Solids 8* (145)
77* 15* II
ft
8* It
75* 18* It
It
7* II
85* 10* ft 76* 19* ft 75* 22* II
tl It II
5* tl 5* II 3* II
Flushed In High Quality Alkyd Varnish (3853)
-
(8005) --
(8015) (80 C 61)
FL-12-214 FL-12-200 FL-12-213 FL-12-201
Chrome Yellow Light Chrome Yellow Medium Chrome Yellow Medium Yellow for Green
8002 8013 8010 8016
67* 13* Resin Solids 20* (145) 70* 15* It tl 15* II 70* 13* It II 17* II 75* 10* It It 15* II
(8025) FL-12-212 Chrome Orange Light 8021 77* 10* tl tl 13* It
(8035) FL-12-211 Chrome Orange Seep 8030 85* 8* tl tl
7* It
FL-12-202 Molybdate Orange Light 12164 75* 13* tl tl 12* It
(8045) FL-12-210 Molybdate Orange Seep 8042 72* 12* ft It 16* It
Flushed In Soya Alkyd (3948) -- FL-12-100 Molybdate Orange
8041
70* 17* Resin Solids 13* (323)
21.2 21.8 21.8
30.0 21.8 21.8
16.8 18.3 18.0 20.5
22.5 28.7 20.3 19.1
19.6
0007-PMC-000000404
CLASS 8000
Inorganic Yellow, Orange, and Brown Pigments, other than Iron Oxides.
Page 80-1 May 1, 1955
8000-80U9 Lead chromate, including molybdate modifications
8050-8059 Zinc chromate
-
8060-8069 Other metal chromates including strontium and barium
8070-8079 Cadmium Lithopones
8080-8099 Miscellaneous inorganic yellow, orange, and brown pigments
oooi-mc-0"0000405
N15553.01
Page 80-2 May 1,-1955
I. LEAD CHROMATES
A. Pigments Number Name
PbCrOj^ Oil Abs. Bulk ^Approx. S-W U19.2 G/100# Remarks
Primrose Yellow
8000 80C26
Primrose Yellow Primrose, Non-Liver
Lemon Yellow
8002
Lemon Yellow
8003 80A12
Lemon Yellow CP Light Yellow X1799
8X17 8XU3
S-W Lemon Yellow S-W Light
70 70
80 80
13
18 16
2.X 2.X
2.12
2.15 1.99
Restrj Gr. Arts Refer to notes
-
Lower tint than 8X2
8XUi 80D2 80D8
S- Light Intermix for 8X2 Light Yellow X25U8
80
18
2.12 2.12
Automotive
Medium Yellow
8010 `8011 8012 8013 801U
Medium Yellow Medium Yellow Medium Yellow Medium Yellow Medium Yellow
89 1U 95 10 93 18
98 13
2.20
1.99 2.35
1.96
8016
80A13 8X9 8X12
8X53
Yellow for Green Imperial X2035 DuPont YU69D Intermix for 8010 Off-shade Yellow
89
25 Hi
2.23 2.13
2.12 2.20
Similar to 8012
80Dh
Intermix for 8013
80D9
Medium Yellow (Ky. Color)
80NU
A5U8 Med. Yellow (Imperial)
Light and Medium Orange
-2.15
2.16 2.X
8X0
Intermix for 8021
65
7.1i
1.77
8021
Light Orange
65 7.U 1.77
8X2
Medium Orange
5.5 1.6U
8XUl
S-W Spec. Orange Toner
80F7
CAB Med. Orange Chips
Dark Orange
8030 8032 80A9
Dark Orange International Orange DuPont Y038D
6.5 1.78 6.0 1.98
1.73
Molybdate Orange
8oUo
Molybdate Orange, Light
16 2.25
8oia
Molybdate Orange, Light
20 2.11 Light-fast
80U2
Molybdate Orange, Dark
20 2.07
80U3
Molybdate Orange, Dark
15 1.97 Light-fast
8X51
S-W Zinc Chromate
80D10
YE-637D, Molybdate Orange
2 .lit
0007-PMC-000000406
I. LEAD CHROMATES (Can't.)
B. Dispersions, Purchased
Number Name
% Pig*
8X1U 80FL 80F6
80F13 8QFll
RBH #3 RBH 10 RBH AN-C638-E86 RBH #6 RBH #8U0
50 60
50 50
Shade
Lemon Orange Lemon Medium M. 0.
% Resin
11 N/C 17 N/C
CAB 11 N/C 11 N/C
80F15 80F16 8 ONI 80N2:
80N3
RBH RBH #1076 RBH 5U1U RBH 5H5 RBH 5iA3
M. 0.
CAB
20 16 N/C
U5 Lemon 15 VYHH
5o Molyb. 12| VYHH
U5 Medium 15 VYHH
80P1U 80P15
RBH 5U13 RBH 5Ulh
U5 Medium 15 VYHH U5 Lemon 15 VYHH
C. -Dispersions, Manufactured Number % Pigment Shade
Vehicle
8X5 8015 8X5
8035 8X18
>67 8002 70 8010 77 8021 85 8030 76 8X2
Lemon . Medium Lt. Orange Dk. Orange Lemon
(3853) (3853) (3853) (3853) (37C18)
8X19 8X20 8X22
8X25 8X27
77 8012 85 8021 76 80U2
75 8002 Slurry
Medium
(37C18)
Lt. Orange (37C18)
M.O. Deep (37C18)
Lemon
#1 Litho
Primrose Yellow
80C28
80C29 80C30
80C31 80C32
8000 dry slurry 8002 dry slurry 8010 dry slurry 8012 dry slurry 8011 dry slurry
(37C18). (3853) (37C18) (2C2U)
80C33 80C3U 8X35 8X36
8X37
8X2 dry slurry
8X2 dry slurry 8012 dry slurry 8021 dry slurry 8022 dry slurry
(3853)
(3853) (37C18)
80C38 8XhO
8XU7 8X50
(8X52)
8030 dry slurry
(3853)
Moly. Orange Plastitoner Base
Collected Overspray
Chrome Yellow Dispersion
12% Lemon Yellow in DOP
*NVM 61 77 61 61
36 60 62| 60 60 60
#/G 16.8 18.0 22.5 28.7 21.2 21.8 29.0 21.8
20.3
Page 80-3 May 1, 1955
#/G
13.7U 16.7U
13.33 13.2U
8.1a
12.33 13.33 13.00
13.00 12.33
0007-PMC-000000407
Page 80-U .May 1, 1955
I. LEAD CHROMATES (Con't.)
D. PV&L Bases
Number oA>f
Pigment
Vehicle
BY1 BYl; BYLO BY20 BY30
58 8003
71 8000 67 8011 75 8021 76 8030
(2539) (2539)
(2539)
(2539) . (2539) &(2702)
BY1207 BY1212 BYL221
BY130U BY1312
BY133U
67 70 80 66
71 55
8002 8010 8021 8000 8010 80U2
(3853) (3853) (3853) (39U8)
(39U8) (39U8)
#/Gal
... 15.33 19.U3 18.51 22.61 23.30
17.62 18.30 23.85 17.53 20.01 lii.69
Remarks
CHROME YELLOWS AM) ORANGES are lead-chromium salts j the lighter shades are ,lead chromate-lead sulfate, the mediums are normal chromate, and the oranges are basic lead chromate. Usually, particle size is stabilized by small per centages of other metal oxides or hydrates which act as surface coatings.
The strength and lightfastness of chrome yellows increase with increased red ness of shade. Chrome oranges decrease in strength with increased redness. Darkening on exposure^ which is greatest in the lightest shades, is the result of reduction to Pb02 and C^O^.
Resistance of lead chromates to light, alkali, acid, and heat is:
Primrose Mediums Oranges
Light
Poor Fair Good
Heat
Good Good Excellent
Acid
Fair Good Poor
Alkali
Poor Poor Fair
All are non-bleeding.
Primrose Yellows
8000 Lightest, cleanest shade chrome yellow.
80C26 Reduced surface treatment, resulting in lower oil absorption than 8000, minimizes livering in Graphic Arts products.
Lemon Yellows
8002 Standard lemon shade.
8003 Lower tinctorial shade and less lightfastness than 8002.
0007-PMC-000000408
Page 80-5 May 1, 1955
Remarks (Don't. )
Medium Yellows
8010
Lightest medium yellow: up to now has had the best lightfastness of
the medium yellows; Dry Color Dept, recommends replacement with 8012
> c- **-V
o-*' -ici;--r--* ->
prpa -*3- ''U" T^"! 1 CV*
^sr*ra
oJXOt
XITl**
portance, or with 8013 which has equal lightfastness and better sta
bility than 3010. 8010 is more sensitive to moisture, has lower color
strength, and has a greater tendency to liver than some of the other
medium yellows.
8011
Trifle deeper than 8010; while currently it has the widest consumption among medium yellows. Dry Color suggests 8013 where lightfastness is important or 601b where maximum lead chromate analysis is required.
8012
Slightly deeper, stronger and better permanence than 8011; low reac tivity with high acid value vehicles.
8013
A medium yellow with good lightfastness and better stability than 8010.
801b
Reddest chrome yellow available; low cost; currently used only in 0.D, specifications.
8016
A chrome yellow pigment designed for blending with blue pigments to make green colors. These blends are cheaper and more durable than corresponding chrome greens.
Oranges
8021 -Standard light orange shade.
8022 8030
Medium orange; slightly deeper than 8021. Dark orange; considerably deeper than 8022
8032 Chrome orange. extra dark.
80A9 Meets "International Orange" specification
M0LYBDATS ORAI'iGSS are mixed crystalline pigments consisting essentially of lead chromate and lead sulfate, and containing 5-10$ molybdate. The latter effects a recrystallization resulting in a bright red-orange pigment. These are the brightest orange pigments.
They have fair resistance tc light and alkali, and good to heat and acid. They are non-bleeding. Tinctorial strength is about four times that of chrome orange. They have twice the covering power- of chrome orange. Film durability is excellent, although appreciable darkening occurs on outdoor exposure.
(Continued on Page 80-6)
0007-PMC-000000409
Page 80-6 May 1, 1955
Remarks (Con't.)
Blended up to 6CYf> with Graphic, Rubanox or Solfast Reds, they produce good hiding, low cost red enamels which bake well, and retain their brilliance during baking.
80i|0 Molybdate orange light standard; high tinctorial strength.
80lil Lightfast version of 80U0.
80l*2
Molybdate orange, dark, lower tinting strength, considerably weaker and bluer than 80l*0.
80l*3 Lightfast version of 80l*2.
II. ZINC CHROMATES
A. Pigments Number Name
Oil Abs. Bulk SW 1*19.2 G/100# Remarks
8050 8052 8X1 8X2 8X6
Zinc Yellow, Regular Zinc Yellow, Low Sol.Salts DuPont Y539D Reichhold CPll*25 Mineral Pigments M1828
18 30.6
3.39 3.U6
3.1*1 3,h3 3.55
TT-Z-1*15 Type H TT-Z-1*15 Type I
8X1*8
8X1*9 80D50
S-W Zinc Chromate (old 12159) S-W Zinc Chromate (old D2970) Basic Zinc Chromate Y563D
3.27
Remarks
ZINC YELLOW is an addition product of potassium dichromate and zinc oxide, corresponding to the empirical formula l*Zn0*l*Cr02 *1120*3^0. It is greener and dirtier than Primrose Chrome Yellow, possesses good light resistance and is not affected by sulfide fumes. It bleeds badly in water and has low tint ing strength and opacity. Resistance to heat, alkali and acid is poor. It is well adapted to the formulation of metal primers where it serves as a rust inhibitor.
IH. INORGANIC YELLOWS, MISCELLANEOUS
A. Pigments
R,,1V
Number Name___________________________________________ G/lOO#
8072 80A11*
80A15 80C10 8X15 8X16 8X39 8X70 80P16 80P18
Cadmium Lithopone Golden I4.O L-f*58 Ti-Tint Yellow
Cadmium Lithopone Lemon #3 Collected Yellow Overspray Cadmium Lithopone Orange #1* & 5 CP Cadmium Golden #2li0 Cadmium Yellow Primrose Cadmium Lithopone Orange 5 Strontium Chromate 2823 Ferro Orange F5895
2.77 2.63 2.77
2.87 2.55 2.69 2.68 2.9U
Remarks
CADMIUM LITHOPONE YELLOW is generally used with the cadmium lithopone reds (see Class 85X)to obtain intermediate shades.
0007-PMC-000000410
