Document 2qR9RzpEByE9mxnwpDZmmLodN

PCH's 11) Lake 'llc)iiQan k. Z- 'A,J V K has been estnblis bed Lint Lake Michigan is uniq>io in Unt it contains riuc li higher concentrations of .yiricjl Loral pesticides tlun the other Croat lakes due, in part, to the large usc.agc in the viatcrshed in comparison to the flushing period for the lake and to the relatively low bittmuss density. Previous studios have slnwn tint the fish froa Lake Michigan approached the F.J \ action levels for dieldrin in 1961 and that a major fraction exceeded the action levels for DDT (fteioert, 1 970). Jlore recent data (Pcinort, 1972) from ctrefully designed monitoring ' (i<einert, 1971) intiiC;>Las that the average COT concent:''.tion m Lake Michigan fish remained essentially the sr.n between 1957 to 19/0 and suggested tint the levels have begun to decrease. Although not realised in the early analyses by lie inert, other work (Voith, 1970) has shown that the concentration of PC3`s {similar to Aroclor 1254) were greater than 15 ucj/gm in large fish collected from Lake iticlncjan in 1969. Thus, it is apparently in Lake Michigan rather than the other Great Lakes that the potentially hazardous and persistent cltOPiicals from our industrialized technology are most concentrated. It follows, ther, th3t consideration must be given to the effect these chemicals hive on the biological cowiuni tics -sustained by Lake Michigan ond the possibility of steaming or even reversing the trend of increasing levels of orgenochlorine compounds in the Lake Michigan system. Despite the comparatively high levels of DD1 diuldrin and PCD's in lake Michigan, there is no direct evidence t'.iat ie chemicals are endangering the aquatic life in the lake. The concentration ov each of the chemicals appears to be below 10 tig/1 in the pelagic waters and 'loss tlvan 109 ng/1 in the nearshore waters, all of which are below the "no effect11 level for the respective checHc-ws for most aquatic organisms. However, the lack of direct evidence of dingo nay simply reflect the difficulty in adequately measuring such effects in Lins environment. There is considerable indirect evidence which suggests that the Iwildup of organocfilerir.e compounds may be a threat to'the future of the biological resources of the lake. It is beyond the scope of this introduction to review the literature concerning the pesticides and PCb's, and the reader is referred .to existing comprehensive reviews (/.itko and Choi, 1571; Will, 1972; Quinhy, 1972; Task force, 1 972), In laboratory experiments Crustacea axnosed to varying levels of Aroclort") 12f>`i in the water concentrate the PCB villrin their ladies more than 29,000 lives. The tissue residues may sometimes reach an oquil i hr it.vi and in Lc'j'VlVf. f.iscj. LkLi ri0'' concentrate Loyon i ?'/,000 times despite '.in i'fTon il j-wvek exposure to 1.6 itg/1 AroclorOO. (Saunders, 1971). In contrast, !`C3 residues in crayfish did not iv.ch cguili briu i after a 72. dry exposure. 259 concentration factors hy two estuarine fishni , Ijr/pu'lyp rim dmbias and l.e_y;ir.tomjs zjntivtyus, wis siwilar to tli 11 d jsc i" i".i a!ovf> i or "crustaceans - about 10,009 to 50,000 times the e::po:uro levels in water {Ihnscn, et al. , 19/1). HONS 0640U 1 'v H is r.iportmt to note tint t'joso accumulations occurred at water conccntrations of PC3 that killed tile fish in ID to 45 days. Al.so similar were the accinul ation ratios of ?G,000 to 66,000 for bl uog ills (Lco-riis ruernchi rus) chronically exposed to 2-15 u<j/l of Arocloft(") 12'iil. ar.J lli:i'',,( i alirwid minnows (Pi irolnles prone! a s) chroni cally exposed to AroclorOO 124? and 1 254 for <S month; concentrated PCh's 100,013 and 200,CLO liraes the exposure levels, respectively. Residues of 50 ug/l (whole hotly) resulted from exposure for 8 ninths to 0.3 ug/l AroclorOO 1264. These experiments with blusgills also indicated tint the 'lixviun levels of PCB vtsre generally related to the concentration of PCS in the water (50,000 - 200,000 tines higher) to which they were exposed (Stalling and Huckins, unpublished data. 1971). rfPoets on Reproduction PCD residues in salmon eggs era apparently related to mortality of eggs. In preliminary investigations in Sweden, Jensen, Jolnnsson, and Olsson (1970) reported that when residues in groups of eggs ranged fron 0.4 to 1.9 ug/l on a whole weight basis J7.7 to 34 uq/g on a fat basis), related mortal ities ranged from 16 percent up to 100 percent. As indicated in Table I, Aroclor 1248 was the most toxic of the eight aroclors tested to Daphnia niqr,a in static tests, with a 3-week LC60 of 25 ug/liter. Aroclor 1254 was most toxic under continuous-flow conditions with a 3-week LC55 of 1,3 ug/liter. The Aroclors were more toxic under continuous-flow than static conditions, with 16 percent impniriiiijnt of reproduction caused by 1.0 ug/l iter Aroclor 1243. ' The calculated 95-hour LC50 values for newly-hatched fathead minnows were 7.7 ug/l for Aroclor 1254 and 15 ug/l for 1242. Three- month-old fatheads had a SG-hour LC50 of ca. 300 ug/l for 1242. Reproduction occurred at and below 1.8 ug/l 1254 and at and below 6,4 ug/l 1242. Polychlorinated biphenyls were acutely toxic but exhibited much greater chronic toxicity at very lov; levels, due to their cunulaliv? nature. Uev/ly hatch-id young were the most sensitive life stage. Young fathead growth was also affected above 2.2 ug/l 1248 and non? survived above b.l ug/l after 30 days. Young flagfish, Jordonella fieri dee, did not survive above 5.1 ug/l 1 248 and did not 'grow well above 2. 2 ug/l . ' The ninety-six hour LC30 values for Aroclor 1242 and 1243 with famnarus pseudo! iimavus war? 73 and 29 ug/l iter. Survival after 30 days was 63 percent at 8./ ug/l 1242 nn;J 52 percent at 5.1 ug/l 1243. Good reproduction and survival of young occurred at 2.8 ug/l 1 242 and 2.2 ug/l 1 243. ` Abindant adult ^mergence of the nidge Taiiy tarsus. dis simil is did not occur above 5 ug/l 1? 8 or 3.6 ug/l 1?jj. The cal cm la ied 3-wct'l; !.C 1>0 (60 pjrcenl reduction based on conti ol a s 100 percent) fur Aroclor 1254 was 0.56 HQ/1 fur larvae and .46 ug/l for pupae. V , 4 I. 4 A * <Vr ww -- 'I, W v HONS 064013 r tt^tt .a -3- i i. - Application factors of 0.10 for 1242 and O.lfi for 12^0 wore calculated for lh PCB's and Grv.iarus. Application factors of 0.2 for 1254 and 0.10 for 1202 i.'.'rr calculated for fat!-,cad minnows using newly hitched fish to obtain the 96-hour i.C50. . yihe second generation fry from adults previously exposed to the PCB mixtures were exposed to the respective mixtures for 30 cloys ofter hatching. Preliminary data analyses indicated that 3 ug/1 of AroclorOO 1243 caused no mortality but a 20 percent reduction in the weight of the fry. Similarly, AroclorOO 1260 caused no mortality when the fry were exposed to 2.1 ug/1; however, the weight of the fry was reduced by 33 percent. The residue data from the trout exposed for 27 weeks indicate that approximately 0.55 ug/1 of AroclorOO 1254 will result in 5 ug/gn of the PCB mixture in the fish (whole fish basis). The concentration in the fillet of fish exposed to 0.C4 tio/1 Aroclor(R) 1254 was 1 ug/gri. The lipid content of the fillet portion of the trout was less than two percent. Dictcry exposure to PCB seems to be less of a direct hazard to fish than exposure in water. Coho salmon "(Oncorphynchus kisutch) fed AroclorOO 1254 in varying amounts up to 14,500 ug/V.g body "eight per day accumulated wliole body residues which ware only 0.9 to 0.5J of the level in the food after 240 days of dietary exposure. Growth rates were not affected. However, all fish exposed to the highest treatment died after 240 days exposure; and thyroid activity was stimulated in all except the grouo treated at the lowest concentration (Kukrie and Grant, unpublished data, 1971). The massive trout and salmon stocking program in Lake Michigan has produced an unparalleled sport fishery and provides a valuable protein source for human food as well as animal feeds. Essential to the establishment and maintenance of tin's fishery is the successful reproduction of the adult fish. However, Itcinert (1970) has previously pointed out that DPT and dieldrin levels in eggs are siwilar to those which inhibited reproduction in the studies of Burdick et_ al_. (1 964) and Macek (1S5B). In addition, Oensen et sK (1970) have shown that 15 uq/gm of BCD's (lipid basis) in salmon eggs produced 50 percent mortaility and complete mortality can be expected when the eggs contain 25 ug/gm BCD's (lipid basis'). All of these data concerning the effects of organochlorine compounds on reproduction were obtained individually, and little is known of possible combined effects when the tissue contains mixtures of the toxicants. Even though the continued- stocking of fish may maintain a food resource in spite of possible adverse effects of the residues on reproduction in lake Michigan fish, iinny tish contain body burdens which mac the fish udfit as n food resource for humans. The U.S. Toad and Drug Aden pi stratum has established a tolerance level of 6 ug/gm, 6 ug/cm and 0,3 uq/q.i for i)H, I'C.B's and dieldrin, respectively, in food to he sold for hu:nn conrwrnlwin. Since the lake supports a si/cable ccn.iirrci.il fis-.uv in addition to the sport f is!i;r,,' bio presence of these chr meals below the "no effect" level in water any still endanger these inJusl-ir. duo to the large partition * / , ' `K lUS t M <*!*** ' i*'1 HONS 0640L4 coefficient for 1 ipid/walcr systpnis. Indeed, numerous catches of coanerciak f ish being chipped to markets hive been seized, and tons of large salmon hive* b'on withdrawn from state give-away programs in Michigan because the DDT and PCD residues exceeded the 5 ug/gm concentration. Concern has also arisen with respect to the impact the organochlonne compounds in this Lake Michigan biota (principally fish) is having on other animals which use this food supply. Most notably is the effect of lake Michigan fish on mink rcproduclion in the north Central states, before DD1 and dieltlrm levels in these fish were well docu mented, llarlsough (1955) indicated that Lake Michigan fish were suspected os the factor leading to ooor mink reproduction. Aulcrich et nl, (19/0) clearly demonstrated the fish Jiad bean the cause of the repro-' ' due live failure. Aulcrich and Linear (1 970) found that DDT and ODD did not have significant adverse effects on mink. Furthermore, dieldrin was lethal at 2.5 uy/gm in the fend for extended periods but did not appear to effect reproduction at twice this level during the gestation period. Aulcrich ot, al_. (1971) concluded, that coho salmon per se did not cause reproduction problems but that the disorder is associated with other species of fish and "appears to be dependent upon the species of fish and its environment." Finally, after the earlier reports that PCB's were present in Lake Michigan fish, Dinger et al. (1972) demonstrated that 10 ug/gm of Aroclor 1254 in coho salmon ' produced 71 percent mortality in mink and that a mixture of 10 ug/ym PCB's and 0,5 ug/gm dieldrin in coho feed produced 100 percent mortal ity. Ho kits were born alive when the diet contained 5 uy/ym or greater Aroclor 1254 alone. This evidence clearly indicates that the biological resources of Lake Michigan may seriously endanger other species even though the levels of toxicants are not sufficiently .great to produce a dramatic effect within the aquatic communities. equally important is the coincidence of high levels of chlorinated lO'drocarhon in herring gull and other bird populations with reproductive failures and subsequent population decline. Hoteliffe (1970) and Anderson (1970) have cleorly shown that major changes in eggshell thickness hove occurred since 1545 and that the phenomenon r.ny lie a major factor in the decline, if not extinction, of nany*-species of birds. In general, egg shell thinning of 10 to 15 percent (relative to prc-lS4'J eggs) may produce an effect in the population, 1 5 to 20 percent is associated with readily observable egg breakage, and 50 percent thinning has been associated with virtually total reproductive failure (Hisebrough ct aU , 19/0; Keith ct a]_., 1 970). Anderson (19/0) found the Orest Lakes Herring Gulls contained the highest chlorinated hydrocarbon levels In eggs ever reported for tn.it species, lie also found that tne Lake litchi-jan gull, which declined dramatically in Uv* early 1%0's- but recovered in the late 1950's, had egg shell thinning which varied from nine percent in 1953-1956 to 18 percent in 1965, However, since 1965, the degree of thinning MCNS 064015 Ins decreased to eight percent in 1CJ69. In comparison, (jells on Lal.e Huron and Lake Superior have exhibited thinning of seven -mJ eight percent, respectively, and tlose from the east coast have remained essentially unchanged from earlier eggs. Anderson.(1970) also showed that double-crested cormorants from Wisconsin led 20 percent thinner coos and produced eggs with the Imilvst 01)C concentr.rtions of this species from interior North America. Golden eagles which primarily teed on nn.r-.nls do not show as dramatic egg shell thinning as do the Bald Cagles which feed on fish. Despite the lack of detailed data in the literature, it is not unreasonable to suggest tint tin* disappearance of Bald Logies from the shores of Lake Michigan my also be linked by correlation to the chlorinated hydrocarbons in the food lesources of the lake. The Lake iiichigan system is also unique in that the use of the major persistent chemicals have beta curtailed in the watershed by n variety of actions. Although it is likely the use of the chlorinated pesticides in agriculture was diminishing in the late 1950`s, the Lake Michigan enforcement Conference recr-mended regulatory actions on many uses in 1953. This recommendation led to restrictions on DDT in Illinois, Iiichigan and Wisconsin, including the sale of. this compound. A more detailed surviury is presented by Lueschow (1972). The realization that the widespread use of PCB's Ivns resulted in the widespread occurrence of these potentially hazardous chemicals in the environment moved Monsanto Company, the sole producer of BCD's in the United States, to restrict too sales of PCB's in 1 970 and by April, 1971, only "close system" uses were able to purchase PCB's from Monsanto, However, there is no data to confirm the fact that PCB useages are siqmficantly reduced, ' ' I As previously discussed, the PDA has placed a 5 ug/nn action level on PCB's in food for human consumotion. Moreover, on March IB, 1972, this restriction was extended to food packaging materials. On May 2, 19/?, the environmental Protection Agency announced that all discharges to the aquatic environment involving PCB's will be restricted to the lowest possible level and that the desired limit will bo 0.01 ug/1 PCB's. These restrictions were re-enforced by Ihe recommendation of the joint task force headed by the Council on LTv/ironrienlal Quality and the Office of Science and Technology (Task Force, 197?) which called for all current uses of PCB's, except capacitors and transformers, to be discontinued, In summary, the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons in 1 lie agricul tore and industry in the Lake Michigan watersh ad over the last few decades has resulted ir, the contamination of this valuable, ncsotrophic body of water. Indirect evidence exists tint these chemicals arc having subllc detrimental effects on the species near the top of the food cliiin, and socn ol the food resources Inv e been deemed unfit for htr-an consuliption, However,* the Lake Michigan watershed his also realized uii|i ir-il 1 cl ed legislative action rcoanhnj the use of these hazardous, persistent chemicals in the last two year s. The following sections HONS 06AO 16 -6 of this report sin.:nrizc the activities of the States in the Laho Michigan watershed concerning I'CS's and the results of its activities. S. \ ' . Table ), The Conparalivo Toxicity of tight Aroclors0 (in pg/liltr) .' io ponhnla i':cns in Late Superior Water as Determined ' ------------- -- ` " ------ Arc cl or Three Veci: LCtO ' ir Static Test Conditions t - Confidence Limits^' . Hrorod'ir Live Irm i ra ?rit Coniidence Coni ioc-nce 50X Limits 16* Limits 1221 * 100 ! 150-205 , 125 .116-135 ' 1232 72 .. G2.C-C2.6 j . 66 - . 60-72.G 1242 67 . 55.4-01 . 63 56.3-70.5 . 1240 2b. 21.4-29.2 j 24 . 21.2-27.1 ( 125", '* 1260 \ * 31 '36 ' 25.0-37.2 . i* . 20 27.7-4G.S ( ' 33 23.1-33.9 27.5-39.G 1&2 1268 '. :A3 ti 253 t* 37-49.9 41 222-263 ' ' _ 206 ` 33-53.3 1D5-228 ' 09 53 46 16 16 22 24 162 85.6-9? ,6 50.5-55.7 45.2-50.9 . 13.9-10.4 14.5-22.3 17.7-?/.3 17.6-32.6 146-179 "polychlorinated Diphenyls: Aroclor 1221-1260.. Monsanto Chemical Company, St. touis, To Ninety-five percent confidence limits. i* ! ' i . * , , * . ' .......... f HONS 064017 Programs yndon/'y 111inois Water samples were collected routinely at four locations in 1971 and 1972. Two sewage treatment plants and two tributary sources were sampled during this period. Ike locations sr.rpled were the `.'aukegan River, Pcttihono Creek, Worth Shore Sanitary District plants at Waukegan and Worth Chicago. During 1971, thirty-seven sedi.nont snples were collected at tributary streams, rapines, and offshore (within two Miles) lake bed stations. Composite samples from fish ware also analyzed during 1971 and 1972. J_tu1_i_ojio * In 1997, the State of Indiana initiated a water quality monitoring program. The original sampling network included two stations on Lake Michigan. At the present time, there are 16 sampling stations located on tributaries to take Micnigon. In addition, five water treatment plant intakes on Lake Michigan are sampled as part of the program. This program provides data that are used to measure general characteristics of Indiana waters in the Lake Michigan Basin at important locations and to record trends in water quality. - Tire following cable indicates the location and frequency of the routine sampling for PCG's: Station ' Type of Sample Frequency Lake Micliigan-thir.r.ond II.W. Lake Michigan-'. Jliiting l/.W. Lake Michigan-East Chicago 11. V. Lake liichigan-Cary '.I.W. Lake Michigan-Mich. City . 11. W. Ind. Harbor Canal -Dickey lid. Grant Calumet Rivcr-Indpls. Ill vd. Grant Calumet River-Kennody Avo. Burns Bitch-BD-l Burn5 Ditch-Portage Boat Yard Burns I)i tch-Chris:,-on P.d. Trail Creek- frankl in St. St. Joseph [liver-An ten Kd. tlkhart River-at irijuth grab grab grab grab yrab grab grab grab cjra h gra b grab grab grab grab monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly s monthly quarterly quarterly monthly quarterly quarterly monthl y monthly qua rterly In addition to the regular water cpiality monitoring program, samples of Hr ef fluent f ran all ni'iniripiil sewvjo Irea (..unit plants in the ho:,in will ha col lee led two tiwes during 19/3. 'I hen possible these samples will he coinpf)',it('ll over a M-naur pn icnl. hons 06*ata This progVo.n will be expanded to include the collection of samples from various industrial outfalls and runoffs from landfalls. For the most part, these samples will be collected during cor.iprchonsive 24-hour surveys of point discharges which are routinely conducted in the Late Michigan basin. Michigan ' ' Michigan instituted D p.oniloring program for polychlorinated biphenyls (I'ClS's) earlj in 1971. The initial program consisted of a state-wide water sampling survey for determination of concentration in inland waters and tributaries to the ureat Lakes. Supplementary sampling lias since boon conducted on stream sediments, municipal raw water intakes, groundwater drinking supplies, sanitary landfill runoffs, municipal wastewater treatment plants, industrial discharges, and fish from both inland and Groat Lakes waters. Sampling is being continued on a periodic basis for establishment of trends. Wisconsin The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources is surveying the waste effluents of some 55 commitni Lies in the Lake Michigan Busin, Those municipalities showing significant levels'of toxic materials will he investigated to determine the source. II.S. Bureau Snort Fisheries t> Wildlife ' Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory program of analysis for f'CB's in Lake Michigan fish will continue with selected.species of fish from two areas of Lake Michigan in 1973-7*1 according Lo the folio-ting schedule: Years of Time of ' Collection Species Col lection Site Number of Fish Size ` Con li mows Range Analysis Spring fall Tall Tall Chubs Lake Trout Chubs Co f>o Saugatucli SaugaLuck Saugatuck Ludington 200 ,, 240-200 nm 30 500-000 m-ii 200 240-280 nr.i 30 500-800 mm 2 3 5 6 * ^. MOMS 064019 -- -' . 1- 1 1 Pf 1 J' fr^Al t> i 1` . !'**. CT 1 1 * lPA , 1 ' J, l *|tr Quality wnt Mi t!r Cicti iaita *- Narilaetn }.J*l f liUUlf Jli X i Ti'tm i of 'Misii' ror rityUp1 >';!. WT 4 r(i dfeldiA* In J-J*e SilcMfan ^ 4. Tpxtc Sms,*c*< fnlloJn^i loa I'iof-rna: t. 1 Hil K r cl-% e, ) iithdlatas d IjjT and tflrldrln , 1 , J, I's* prop at /or drirctl , Iph *r-<*ci a..J l,V-|6 aiittiH i/H'i iiftarird and ul(iiv'rS^ ( >.j "c? to drttct |PllutICa Hid |"') 1leal pi r.f riar* i l. 1 rfi^MTJ Kite* Notion, I'nler riMi/elrri*l JO, K-a-ols;yt L*Uf lydrolof.y* and Lii-iiolojiy 1 J. Undrr Kio /ji.&mmi* fl>h fre(.rja ti*rra*;1 ti fiintrd ia-ard iHc (Mil r>J dle-o((. t. I1! ft^riV vrp,tfcs- '* inrlvd* Htll.r.-iHlr i| to deicrlS* |^l)u;;ut.i in the Cft-at Laail. No'^/tlPi cf all dirtrtt fit Ci<*t t-ai.ra lftrnrr'i and iSUtruJrflio^ o( l,-iD;r.ciJoa, JO* }1r Se* ft.*m ^rpr"<ri CipaL |/l.r arr* (V.'ir H1 lutltACllM * Mi Li< ha Toy , inv?fea^tnial fttalilry ft! rinc in tale t*f XrttJtJda Iriolt t>l Mid* VtniriJHC 0-' loli' Vf>( of a a <4 Artu^ul Allnn pf 3 <il 1 ptAiii a !>/ i,akr 'ItcM/jii* Jlih >Httori /.ffrrrlnt I'lerff liiitlia In ) ft llJiMfan A Cp.'/irVrtiiKr Et-y pf l'if Vmm C_ -122.y ul :T.ml.4is Career Mid /djxru; U1 (r Coney and ^jialyalt of Mllvoutet l.-tl'or -- lift n/thHis^.*s'!iaoi Uui fMlJntuii m m iamA ai* i/ak #/ lilt i pf rn J* Crrt* fay loDicolf pf Uritld t!l)l oa live i*| iclbtoSlcn a-J .,!-u"dinf a vt llilifi Inr tl>a *.n> SlvfT* k*Jr*r lo-tr Ma.ia oa 1 ii c J tti.tf * 11* Lnl* lllchlfAn kiuJIti ! 13* I nVa loti 'iif j i SiuJJl ' I ' J), K r, J.i J ? ll 1 A'h. i til U an > Jr 'i ! /tpr l'< ir* - t., (<n v llilvdlltMi toJ Amljritr Plvlilon Can!a Ctaitr /or Inlaid Vatfra P,S, fi/TroH pf S*<ort nihf* !c end mnilt, Treat laVo ritSrry Labaratary C o.-flatrd i fuirri( " [ - X Pr r ( 4n*t*t lufi 1 i < J ^ 1 " ---- 1--- --- - *' - - - - - - - o_ , __. _ _ _ _ ,, tOPnllt.it Jan ii> u.> x i io. t> Li k act IvJt Ua, 3a 197? c*i;lr|^l 1 fitu Ljit trulltl "t 1'| l,T|< t* aetcaa liter ---- > X 4 aratr*: ! 111 Inal 1, Iniii-.. 3* liJeh'rati 4 V7a<min , VS Cam Cuifi ** - Lau Survey Ctaiar " }<0jU ' |ttioa2 ?lArfna flaSary. Itrvfct (ftSS) VS. Caplotleal frv*y , 3* X 3, X >0 X 4. x TindJ if Itll Vr llyfn I , (tjg Jp'f Su'jita itii le^ju X FoDulleo ag^-ty v|Jl tcKJe a lt:> tillc dtstclet fro'i m% ti si- kttt*. y< X I'rorrari cp-itlaia of d.n tellccttoT lnvpj*tIfallooa and iuJUi, X Stud lea fntKda priiltlrglcjlrit, yptholofUal, and pestlclda icilduri VM1 S^V^ll ratta Ip ('t^crlti* X l^llutloa aoi clteulailaa TaunaliftNl AiiKUtlM ior Crcar L*Iih Ketureli ttolwralty of Say 14 AtTitrea(< Voter CheoJ Hr*, WME 1 C> Tjel lept Vale; Cbesistry . VV^SS 1 FatifTt Lllauoot vilillf* Klel*;yi VMH Kirk IMiKn, *ltliclitr7, WGX *. ' Alfred kttln, Crnitr for Grot Late* Slwdtca, Alfred Beefon* Cr^irr lor Ciril u.4 iuiuit u:w - jo-vN Cvuhln, Cr-ier for Crcai i^kta SluiUa, t*"^! * p, R. yany, ^atl * X ' X X t X X X V .r Coia to!ct.i(ai tunl!), 1' i * ' * ,, 4* ' '- ' Ichfl J* ILirnyaon* Zoolatr* t'V'SS * of JllrMrn ^jtti r<4C lai'jl Jpl-it c**rti*ai*n (J,S> fret(pa) , l ltloiol t. > 1 1 til ((uilll/ IrUfMMf I X frp|p>a a veasel ta tlr \.U'\pi lnl Hid i 'v j * 11 p 1 , i Mf r* Ala# r-aftliPi alt- X Ip l Uf M*'tnt tN** I'" r "I livrf r cat IiWi M u 11 * I . 1' f l A IT'* ) ra t 1 c l<* * , yltValattii i *le a et nla* 1|aa1 nrit . HONS G64CUO Data Simmat-y - Lake Michigan, OjX'rt Haters and Sediments Illinois V' Sediments {<1-3 mi Ins offshore) 24 sample's, 1971 1242 Mean Rati:i?_ 73./ (;iJ-Tti6."l) 1254 Moan Range T4./ (2.6-46.9) Jjidi an Hater Intakes 16 samples, 1973 Mean 0.02 (PKkl Rang? (<.01 - 0.09) Mi chi {i.in PCn concentrations in drinking water supplies from 45 intakes on the Great Lakes <md connecting waters and an additional 20 on inland lakes and streams have generally bee n less then 0,01 ppb. Limited sampling of groundwater drinking supplies in southern lichigan lias indicated that groundwater has not been significantly contaninated v.'ith PC3's. Ha l.-'Jl.Lnla.ke.a Date Aroclor 1254 ppb South Haven Hoi land Grand iiapids Muskegon Ludinglon Traverse City tsc ana la Gladstone Menominee Bri cl g c.ua n Uridtj.'innn SI. Joseph Benton Harbor South Haven Hoi land Grand Rapids Muskegon l udimiiun Norlhporl Point Iraverse City Psr unaba 01 ad stone I'ioiiOsiin'.'C * V. w 3/9/71 * 4/14/71 4/14/71 .3/9/71 3/9/71 3/2/71 2/26/71 2/25/71 .3/23/71 4/14/71 5/23/72 6/18/72 5/1 C/7 2 5/18/72 5/18/72 6/18/72 . 6/18/72 5/19/72 6/21/72 6/21/72 8/28/72 C/70//2 8/78/72 <0.010 <0,010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 - '0.177 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 ' <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0,010 HONS 064021 * Data Summary - Lake Michigan Fish njJjiojA , Twenty-r^ine composite samples fren five species of lake fish (yellow perch, chubs, carp, coho saltr.on, and ale..'ivcs)were analyzed for PCR's in 19/1. Concentrations in the composite samples ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 ppm witlv an average concentration of 2.1 ppm. The highest average concentrations of PCB's hy sex and species \:ere 0.4 pom for yellc./ perch males, 3.'i pp.i for chub males, 2.3 ppm both carp males and females, 2.2 ppm for coho sol non males and 3.1 ppm for alewife nales. T he concen trations wore below the-U.S. food and Drug Administration's interim action level of 5 ppm. In 1972, fourteen'composite samples (69 individual fish) from two species of lake fish (yellow poren and chubs) were analyzed for PCB's. Concentrations in the composite samples ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 ppm with art average concentration of 1.7 ppm. The highest concentrations of PCB's were found in chuo samples. Concentrations of 3.1 ppm were found in samples of female chubs. Samples of mala chubs were similar with maximum values reaching 2,8 ppn. These concentrations were also below the FDA's interim action level, .. Ilicliiq'm . ' In 1S72 Michigan developed a cooperative State-Tedaral study of contaminant levels in Great Lakes fish species including lake trout, salmon, whitefish, chubs, i:cno..iinee, yellow perch, alewife, carp, and suckers, fish from lakes Michigan, Huron, F.rie, and Superior are systematically being sampled on an annual basis to obtain information on areas where contami nants approach or exceed FDA guidelines for consumer protection. The project, developed by cue State agencies in cooperation with the U.S, rood and Drug Administration and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and llildlife Great Lake Laboratory, will establish patterns'of residues of mercury, PCB's, DDT and dieldrin in Greal Lakes fish. The following table shows the concentrations of PCB's detected in fish from lake Michigan during the first year of this study. PCB's in Salsnonids (lake trout, steel head, coho salmon, and chinool: salmon) and chubs were shown to exceed the FDA guideline of 5.0 ppm while concentrations in other species did not exceed this guideline. HONS 064022 risii cont'ti >. .. .... V *, Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (I'CB's) found in fish species token iron Michigan wters of Lake Michigan during 19/2". *` * ' 1 Total f Sprri cs BCD's hy tlistnctf*in pp.it (sample size in parenthesis) fish Kean iP13 HiVI_______ __________ K.'tO *IV17_____________ _______ Sampled Concent ra i irr, . ^ Alcwifc Carp Chub , 1.7 (3) '4 2.3 (1) 2.7 (t) *f 3.9 (6) 2.7 (0) 16 G 2.4 O.G 3.9 i 2.0 3.2(2) fl.5 (C) 6.5-(9) 19 7.0 4.2 Menominee ` * 0.8 (1) 1.2 (2) 3 1.1 J'erch . _* 0.5 (1) 0.4 (5) 0:5 (11) 17 0,4 0.4 Colm Snli.on ,Chi nook " Sal mon 11.2 (3) 1 * 12.4 (10) . 3 11.2 10 12.4 i 5.0 Suckers O.B (f.) 0.7 (2) 1.5- (3) 1.1 (0) . 17 ' 1.0 0.7 .St cel he,id Lake Trout Kin tefi sh 6.0 (2) 11.1 (3) 6.4 (3) ' 0.0 (3) ` * 3.2 (2)` 5.7 (6) 0.8 (2) 1.1 (1) 3.2 (G) . 2 20 6 6.0 7.4 4.0 0.7 i 0.3 * lia'.n from Michigan's Great Lakes tnvironvental Contaminant Survey, 1W2. ** 7oes of Lake Kichiean t/ithin /iichiea;j Coundancs __ !i!'.3 - Northern Uasin ' `' . * IV44 Grand Traverse bay - - '' ' . I'M I, I'M ' - Central basin ./ ' ' . . ' tV'l/ It I"10 - Southern Basin * .' '' V. ( HONS 064023 [ i sh Cont'd U.S. W f.'-f V Po 1 ychtorin^led Biphenyl Approximately CCO of the fish collected from lake Michigan were analyzed for PCO mixtures rescmbl ing that of Aroclor 1254. A generalized su.-niry of these results is presented in the occo.aoanyiti:j to bio in which the range and average concentrations of PCD's (os Aroclor l?5i) is reported for 13 species of fish. The mean concentrations ranged fro-a 2.1 u:j/g:n \ I (f in smelt to 15'ug/gsi in Chinook sal non. The data show that the larger fisn such os bran, lokc and rainuu.; trout and chinook and coiiu salmon contained PC P.'s at concentrations two to three times the 5 ug/gm action level established by the PDA. The neon PCB concentrations in suckers, smelt and whitofish v/are considerably less than 5 ug/gm and the i.i"in concentrations in the alewifc, carp, chub and perch were approximately !i uy/gm, ranging fron 4.7 to 5.9 ug/gm. As is expected, the larger fish with greater percentage fat contain greater concentrations of PCB's. .i ** - S\in.~ary of TC?. Con ntratior.s In tho 1971 L?J:e Klchigan 4'lsh r>r5cict ** Uunber of pish /.nily.'.cJ Concentration of TCB (vs/c1* as Aroclor lXyj) . v. Jltino Hw.ii /.loaifo '. . 76 2.5 r 0.9 4.7 Hroim Trout : 16 6,7 - 12 8.6 Carp Chnb , * i'v .42 1.7 - 11 ZZ9 . . 3.4 - 0.1 ; 5.5 . 1 5-3 Chinook Palson Coho Salson I/OJ-.O Trout l'crch '' flaltibow Trout Hod Pucker Er.olt I'Jilto Slid, or 21 ` 9.9 - 24 . 15 .:5$ . `3.6-1? * " 12 157 ^ 10 8.1 - 21 4.2 - 11 8,6 - 12 . 14 * ` ' 5*9` ' 10 ` 16 V ` 2,7 - 3.2 2.9 ' 35 ` 0.7 - 3.2 2.1 50 ' 2.1 - 11 4,1. Vliltcflch >0 v 1.5 - 6.1 3.5 a Jir.Ucnler. l-rr^r or avcra-cd level of 1'0E of o r,l''n rjwcJci t (v .`(.im'*1 i iij Iticnlit.'^v J.i*.. W uis ^ hvcr.ipc ef t.U locaUov. oa a p"l c.1 HONS 06402^ fish Cont'd rr > (lot. only docs the PCtl concentration vary considerably among the 13 species Cti is Lured. but also the range of concentrations in a single species in the lake was gcnerolly greater than 100 percent (the range in red suckers was less*, however, all were captured in the sane region}. Although sosie variation in concentration is expected because of the normal analytical precision, the table reveals nuch larger ranges which tre undoubtedly due to other factors which'limt the useful ness of roan concentrations presented. Previous research has shown (lieinert, 10/0) that the lipid content, size of fish, season of capture and concentration in the water nay effect the-observed concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons m tissue considerably, Accordingly, the data in the table must be considered in more detail. Tlie* concentration of PCU's in alewives (on a fresh weight lusts) were greater in souuhern Lake P.ichvjan eh,ri in the northern regions, eltnuucjh anomol tes are apparent. It is apparent that most of the alewives captured south of a line betwsen Saugatuck and Sheboygan contained between f\A and 5,5 ug/gm PC!/$ whereas those caught north of the line contained between 3,5 i-nd 4.4 ug/cm. An interesting exception is the high concentration, 8.9 ug/m, in the alewives from Rock Island just off the Door County Peninsula in Wisconsin. The analyses of brown trout suggested similar trends in that those from Michigan City at the southern end of the lake contained 11.9 ug/gm while those from Sheboygan and Gills Rock contained 7.9 nnJ 6.7 ug/gm, respec tively. , The carp fren Michigan City also had higher levels of PCP/s than did those from tli? northern region. In contrast to the 11.0 ug/gn found in the Michigan City carp, those from Seugatuck and Sheboygan contained A.G and 1.7 ug/g.ii, respectively. Hie PCP/s in chubs in southern Lake Michigan ranged from A. 9 ug/gm near Milwaukee to 8.1 ug/gm near Saugatuck. In general, the chubs from the northern regions were below 5 ug/gm. The concentration of PCB's in the five groups of chubs collected over three months near Sheboygan varied without trend between 3.7 and 6.1 ug/g-.i, although the tseT.ii was below 5 ug/gru, The variation is somewhat less when the data is- expressed on a lipid basis. Tor example, the PCl/s in the C/27 and 10/15 chubs was 5.0 and 3.7 ug/gr.i--wet weight, respectively. In contrast, the concentration of PCl/s in the lipids was 23 uy/c;,i and 21 ug/gii, respectively. Thus, much of the observed variability is due to lipid content of the fish analyzed. One hundred percent of the chi nook salmon captured in 'Jisconstn coitnined greater thwi 5 uy/pi ICR's and r.iean concentrations ranged from 2\ ug/gm in ililw.iiil.ee to 9.9 ug/g.i in Strawberry Crew!.. Little trenl in the concentration of PC'/s in coho salmon w-as observed with sampling region^ Jiih the exception of coho caught early in 19/1 near /tiring mi City, the'wem cone w,,.r->; ion of PCI/s ranged from 11 ug/gm in those near hiding Ion to 14 uy/gm hi those near llic.'n'j.m City, HONS Q6*t025 I'isli bunt'd The HR's i-n In lx* trout wei l most cot .u-s.l rated in the trout from Michig-,,, City, Gaug<yiuch (Mid Milwaukee where u concentrations were generally between lb and 22 ug/gm. l he trout frtri the mrth'-rn nrens such as Sholnyg.Tn, l.udi nylon, Brand Traverse Lny and Gill *s Rod: \j2re considerably lower, and the wean concent rations ranged between 8 and 15 ug/gm. The concentration of PCd's were unexpectedly high in the perch caught near Milwaukee in that the mean of the 10 fish was 11 ug/yn. In contrast, perch from other regions appear to be less by a factor of two, and those ' from lower Green Bay contevied only 2.7 ug/gi'i. Rain low trout t:? re only caught near Michigan City and Gill's Rod',. The Michigan City trout hod 12 uy/om i'CB's while those from Gill'': Rock averaged only B.B ug/gm PCit's. The concentration of PCB's in suckers and snelt were generally between 2 end A uy/g:a, although ti>e overage concentration in the three white suckers from Sanaa luck was 6.0 ug/gm. With the exception of whilefish caught at Grand Ihveu and Michigan City, the PCD concentration in whitefish was less than 3 ug/gm, . Additional Data iron U.S. SSf.'.U Great Lakes fishery Laboratory ' Sjyeiri Late Irout late Trout Coho l!hi tef is!) f.ln.ittr Chub Mo 'tor Chub Mooter Chub Tine of Collection rail, 1371 roll, 1972 rail, 1972 rail, 1971 Spring, 1972 1 all. 1972 fall, 1972 >i",tn l`Cn l "vel s In 1 e Michi'yn Fish Location or Collection Gd. Traverse Bay SauqatucL. HI. (aldington, Mi. Gd. Traverse Bay Saugatuck, Mi. Saugatuck, Mi. Seugatuck, Mi. tills1,brr of Analv^is * 3 20' 10 3 20 12 ' 8 t.'inlsor Of Fish 1 . 15 ` 20 10 15 200 120 80 Moan I eivjih |rn] (lean Weight (ora'nl 697 3.030 G38 D.A 3.199 D.A 505 25G S 1,393 1G0 255 177 229 1 120 Ho in L lfurfs (norcont) 9.M.O 18.5 7.3 H/1.0 16.0 21. G 13. C To t >T iTL's 'L 11.3 20.7 10.9 2.2 tl.O 5.7 3.6 O ll. II. ' not nea'.jrod O ii.A. r data available t1 , HONS 0640^6 UJta Summary - Tributaries II1 inois V. \ Tributaries . ( 4 water sam.ples, 1971 13 water samples, 1972 * Aroclor (opb) 1242 1254 Mean Ranae Mean Range 0.712 f0.K0-1.8l0) 0.110 (dO - 0.G53) 0.25S 0.158 [0.1 92-0.333) (0.033-0.011) Sediments 13 samples from ravines end minor tributaries, 1971 95.0 (MD - 55.30) 32.3 (1.5-232.0) Indiana Tributaries , 0 water samples, 1973 PCB (ppb) Mean lienee . 025 (<.01 - .07) HONS 064027 Ink.. Cont'cl . S. HirIn cmn * Quarterly water sampling in tiiirty Michigan tributaries slowed tint about Gil |>ore ent of the samples contained more than 0.01 ppb with-one stream, tho Ssigin.il/ River, having .1 high concentration of 2.9 ppb. Fish from the Saginaw ^iver had PC!1 concentration* as high as 1 65 ppm. Five Michigan strcmis had Mean concentrations in water samples over 0.10 ppb. These were all located in the populous southeastern lower peninsula which drums into lower lute Huron, Lake St. Clair end Late trie, nf the l.ai.e ;iichig.-n streams, the Grand an.I Kalamazoo rivers consistently showed 1 he? highest concentrations 'with moans of O.tKil and O.O&'j ppb, respectively, A study of transport of PCB's to Lal;c Michigan on suspended solids c/as conducted during 1 ktrcli-1 lay, 1 973, on the Grand, Kalamazoo and St, Joseph Rivers. Sediment traps were suspended 1-2 meters off the lotto.') of the rivers and collected at varying time intervals in each river ranging from 3 times weekly to once a month. Concentrations of PC3`s were notably higher in the. scttleablc solids from tiia Kalamazoo River than from the Grand and St, Joseph rivers. The over-all mean for all samples were 3.S2, 0.99 and 0.97 ppm (oven-dry basis) for the Kalamazoo, Grand and St. Joseph Rivers, respectively. Tins data substantiates earlier results indicating elevated levels of PCB's in the Kalamazoo River watershed, Cv.ter.sive sampling at upstream sections of the watershed has identified past and present wastepaper recylcing by paper industries located In the City of Kalamazoo as the major source of contamination to the river. Certain sediment deposits in impoundments on Portage Creek, n tributary to the Kalamazoo P.ivor at Kalamazoo, ware found to contain PCll's at concent rations exceeding 390 p?m (dry weight basis). Leaching from these PCD enriched sediments appears to be significant. Fish collected irailed lately downstream from the City of Kalamazoo were found to contain residues of PCii's in their tissue as high as 110 ppm (llessc and Willson, 1972). | An example of one location in Michipnn where monitoring and subsequent contiol measures have resulted in a marked reduction in ITB contamination is the Saginaw River basin. Cvcn though it is not within the Lake Michigan watershed, the Saginaw River PCD situation is worthy of review. Monitoring of major Great Lakes tributaries during 1971-19/2 identified the Saginaw River as having the highest concentrations of Pill's of any tributary within Michigan boundaries. Intensive sampling throughout the river basin in search of point sources successfully isolated ten major points of t'CB disc Surge to the river system. Each of the industrial sources we^e asked to identify the cause of their losses and to take corrective action. Control Measures, in most cases, conversion to nun-PCB containing products, have proved very effective toward lowering the IT.il cor.t ontrutions in the Saginaw River. A sharp PCD decline at a monitoring situ near the river i.iouih was observed in October, 1972, and concentrations have remained low since tlut date. It is hope.I that a c&i responding declinf in PCL' concentrations in fish frot Hie river and Sayir.ei/shoy will soon be observed. ,, HONS 06*026 4\ l!rn PC* Conten tut lent 19/1-77, In Michigan Trll.ut.rlei l(> lf* C'c*t t i>ri l_ol.e_Pit.iji HUbf^n Huron 'r River PCB't frn*> rt 1/m) St. Jncrr h Kslfcroo Grrnd iiiil rean IVmlttce beard;an lit 0 013 0.055 0-011 0.010 , o.hm 0.017 0,0)1 Soglnaw Cisl, Hint* SM,'Wits.ee1 1itlj5w:Siie' - tit Ssl.lt Thunder Hiy ChcGoyjen 1.105 0.0)4 0.070 O.f'19 0 ICO <0.010 0.073 0.037 Jf, i,:tj <0.010-0 - .) O.t l'. 1 ! 0 ft 1 0 I > <0 pi o o : 11 <0 r.lo 'p . i <0 il'r > r ;i <0.010-0 LJl o.'.'.l.?.*. i <0 (Do i 0 C'iO 1 l < <0 oi."' << : ' j <,( 'f *>,. i <o.olo r. < n <0 Dip 0 M 1 <0.010-0, t'.J SI. Cl Air Cl Inton Llacfc 51. CUIr o.tso 0.013 0.0)0 <0 C,H-(| i 1 , <0.('"T1 ", 1 t!t <0.0)0 5 ' 3 trie Rtftin Burs.-. Rotige* Detroit ' 0.7)0 0.0)7 0.C70 0.070 ' <n r,< 9. n -v. *0. Ill 0 0 < 11 O.O'H-l.t'O <0.010-5.51) brHiuUry to Cigniow Fiver 'lrlbwUry to I'ciroil River desmslrc*-* fren Detrolt'nivcr tonpllng ti*l!sn Mter Ci end ** 111 i ofConernlrtllmts of rce't (txOychlerlnoted b.phenyl*) tn the teltlcfbl* ielldt collectr-* frv. tie i nj;.tiT 0, rrd, Lil."ir'V, fnrf St Joi-;.1! Invert) Sprlrg 14/3, for <0-'.?Jr1tct of wrl/Mc ti*,iitoj - (^uotutiiK^ tn VP3* >* *n o-cn-dry If****' ' Sir.jilr 1 s',nc- * ' 3Z?)_ 3//J 3/30 4/7 4/4 S*c?U Ditc* 4/6 4/9 4/11 4/13 4/?5_ '/??__ /n * p in i "-t 3* i.Vckly to vet tly tbnthly 3.74 1.75 0,94 0.C5 l.C<- 0,95 1.0 <0.1 1.1 0.93 1.58 1 .03 0.71 1.41 0,55 0.7 0,50 0,0 3 5 0 51 0 10 I'crn 1 <7 0 7 7 o :i 0 <(> ( 1 7 O.Vj l> >, " 0 4/ llalfw on 31 t.Vcl.ly Int.vcUy Hunt My ?oG.7 77.5 0,03 3.77 3.03 <0.1 7.S7 3,54 1.33 3,70 <0 1 3.77 7.54 7.11 3.09 7.53 N 7.61 3.11 3.59 3 75 7.10 4 ff 7.5J 3.i: 1 can f* <-77 3n 7 f'. > G1 i1 St. Oe<.ri,'> 37 Vcelly tHi.oi Oy llx.thly 0.03 0.!' 0 7.' 7.13 o to 0.05 0.95 0 75 0.07 O.t) 1.7) 0 )5 0 03 1 15 1 . 0 75 f.jn 0 [lf * jy . Vs-! cnlUct.'d l'v. VeJ. tnJ frfrfjy Ml other conception; * Cor.cn.tfitlo-i l-jwJ i-ron * 1:1 retie of Aroclor 1742 <f* 175). >; :.< Mil HONS 06**029 1 ri!>s. Qbnl'd 19 hOyti>Ur|MrJ HrVurh (rcn`i) In wjicr t.i pin (rc-i il" Bn.'f *1 jr Hlrl-ar Putin, itjrdi Hj| . (.*> I97J. V. 1 CP'Krmritlo C*VICtt iori__IM In NtU j*r M M ton 3-9-71 6-10-71 $-77-71 10-26-71 6-6-77 16-13-72 10-73-72 10-30-72 11-1-77 11-7-72 11-6 77 >1-6-77 1-76-73 6-26-73 * .- 0.650 ' 0.650 ' 7.903 ` 1.103 0.(60 0,35o <0.020 <0.020 0.091 0.031 0.t0o 20 - .0,OZZ . . <0.100 0.710 j , tComcrccJoitlrril?I( t.** ( ri*JS I tn fi*>i froj Si;<a*j Mm, . f-wttri ftrtli Cult* CitlUh Cm f Atrp C^i,i rt p t>.r mr >jLe X-Ct.JJ ClfutJ KoJ* ftM*'* IAjJ* Cli:nJ V.<* L(l77tJ ( IK1* ri:r^J M (JriMd Ue.nlon to, j* l t*too9 liitrSuLi Oimtl to U to , to V-. 9to1 to to M " to ttoo CuiJ KiaMea 01 ' to 41 to (9 . * to m to to * to to m to mm to to to Hw to "m to , ' - mi ^l.r hid.'ft h * 1 rnAlh Percent f 4t - 9.0 Jl.O (.0 7.9 23.0 *(.0 70.0 74,0 71.0 27.0 31.0 ` H.o (.0 1.9 9.0 1.9 90 9.0 ' ' 1.3 P. 7.0 1.9 _ J0.S t.o 1.0 i.i i j. > 11.3 19.0 ' il.O n.7 *.( t.7 Iwl't |>997j * - 4? ft 1 91 1. 11.> *.# . 7/.1 tft 0 70 4 1S,> 4V.B >0.7 It.f. <V 1 % 1 K,* 10.1 )t.O :i.i JO,* * tM"r*Lr*tf-n I>r<r4 l^m ru1)((i b( ihol* (Uh. .U * ttterii>*c* <T HONS 064030 ill i no ir. V. ' Sru.igo Treat iont I'lants G strn;>lcT., 1971 1C sab1 les, * 1( 5/2 ' , 1242 Mean A rod or (I'PlO Range 1251 flean OltKi? 1.443 0.177 (0.252-4.020) CIO-0,510) 0. 300 0. 1 ?G (0, l.OM). V-;,) (0.0^5-0.200) lnd vim (lyriiciinl itv ! tic hi gin City itichigm City Valpim i so Viiljjarn iso Ibk.rt Ibtnrt HiVtt'nond ILryoml Last Chicago 1 list Chicago Chester loo Chesterton Cary South Ueml Mi shawlUa [ 1 lih-irt Cos lien lb pinnae Ueutl.il 1 vil le LoGivnge Ligomer Angola Syracuse * Date 11/27 23/72 12./20 S 21/72 11/27 20/72 12/20 21/72 11/27 & 23/72 12/20 21/72 11/27 & 23/72 12/20 21/72 11/27 5 22//2 12/20 l 21/72 11/27 23/72 12/20 21/72 11/27 4 ?d/72 3/22 & 23/73 3/22 23/73 3/22 S 23/73 ,, 3/22 23/73 3/22 4 23/7 5 2/23/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 - . ' n ow IlSO) 11.0 13.3 4,0 4.0 2,7 3.1 4?.. 9 42.3 13.5 10.7 1.5 1.3 E>0.5 35,8 10.39 17.5 4.3 . 900 1.2 - .105 .434 .784 .305 ArocJnr 1251 ____ ... 2.4C 0.1 9 0.27 Q.20 0.35 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 0.10 <0. 10 <0.10 0,33 <0.10 0.13 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0. U) 0.10 0.17 0.13 HONS 064031 Pi s< barges foot'd \ * Mir hi tun Analyses of surface water runoff from sanitary and industrial landfills in Michigan purest that these are a minor source of environmental could mui ion. live of^-tlio 9 sarnies collected had PC9 concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.30 ppb while the others contained less than 0.01 ppb. * Sampling of jnmicipil wastewater treatment plant (`..UTf') effluents throughout Michigan in l!l/l and 1972 indicated that many WTtP's represent major point stmre:*-, of i'C'd less to surface waters of the State. The average PCD concen tration of 00 effluents sampled was 2.99 ppb. 1,'hile only seven of the WJIP effluents exceeded 1 ppb, the Hay City Vf'.JTP located on the Sag maw .'liver hid an avern.ia effluent concentration of 120 ppb (high of 310 pph), stewing tiie ovc-r-all average for all plants sharply upward, iho average concentration excluding the IJoy City !."JTP was 0.56 ppb. Tiiose l/'JfP's with F'CIJ concen trations in effluents exceeding 1 ppb were, with one exception, located on rivers already identified as having high levels of PCB contamination. Sampling of 55 'J.fTf* effluents in 1 973 continues to show high PCI; levels with an average concentration of 0.52 ppb, including the Day City plant. The PC!; discharge from the bay City If.HP has iieen greatly reduced as a result of control measures in industries served by the IftfTP. . Sampling of sewage sludge from 57 of the 53'l.r.JTP's tested in 1973 showed Hay City lo hove the highest concentration of PCG's in the sludge being removed ir/ the treat.ient process, `flic PCU concentration in the sludge fro,:i the Bay City pl<.nt was 352 ppn (dry weight basis) compared to a state-wide average of 15,6 ppat. j In an attempt to identify major contributors of I'Cl'/s within municipal 1/711* systems, sampling at hey points in the interceptor systems has been condor led within the municipalities of Bay City, lit. Clemens, Saginaw, Adrian, Detroit and iCalamazoo. This program has been very successful. The Citv of Detroit has, in fact,.established an on-going sampling program within their interceptor system with analytical assistance fron the State. They are applying a new City of Detroit sewer ordinonce-which limits discharges within the wastewater system Lo a maximum of 0,1 ppb. A brood scale samplin') of industrial discharges througbcni l .'lie hiy-in has shown results indicative of the widespread usage of f'CB's. Nearly lulf of the industrial discharges sampled have contained more tlnn 0.1 ppb with :iny in excess of 1 ppb. The highest concentration detec Lnd in an industrial discharge in Michigan lus been 7,2C0 ppb. Automotive plants, chemical companies . and paper product manufacturers are *u.k>ii(| Up lyp'w. of industries with IMg'iust concentrations. Also industries <m:l building co.;i;>le-:.\s, iocluJii i so.-.a schools i.nd hospitals, with heat transfer systca. a, pear to I;.? <.noLlter major source. Industries identified as sources of I'Ct; pal 1 uu'cmi have b:cn encouraged to rhniv'.iver to replaceMrnt c(..i|i.f.n.:ls or to clean up their operation so Lint Discharge*, of ITC's tfo n.it exrenl Up phcsenl Hicliigan guideline of 0.1 parts per billion. Michig.m is currenily trying lo gel a handle on losses from electrical trail'.l ji. I'm- in lcat; -go, servicing, and ropl uccvien t within plants. It MONS 064032 Disclu'tjC'b Cont'd appears tliflt runy of the smn 11 transforrvr maintenance* cosipimics are still -luM^ng PCI*1 s do*./n the drain rather than returning tJie.n for incineration. . * V I I s HONS 064033 ,Jitent'd . -23 ,. . ' ' ^ v , '* Polychlorinated UljjJicnyls (PCB's) in Ifflucnls of lUmicipal Wastewater Trealrent Plants throuqhout Michigan 19/1-1972. Unless specified, oil sauples arc 8 hr. con.positcs. cm ` ` 1 ' , i DATE PCB's as ' Aroclor 1254 Mean Cone. IPP!') Adrian * *4 . ' 3-30-72 6-13-72 . 6-14-72 , 9-6-72 . i.'go 14,00 6.90 0.41 . ' 4.60 Albion ! 3-28-72 ' 0.44 0.44 Ann Arbor ' 10-14-71 0.14 3-30-72 <0.10 0.12 Battle Creek . -* . * 10-5-71 3-28-72 2-21-72 6-6-72 6-7-72 0.39 0.16 0.92 0.28 0.21 0.39 ' -* ' Boy City ' 11-4-71 11-22-71 li-23-71 * 3-2-72a . A-/;-72 6-13-72 6-10-72 . 9-14-72 340.00 210,00 60.00 290.00 19.00 11.00 25.00 5.70* . . 120,00 Benton Harbor St. Joseph 10-28-71' * 4-4-72. 0.99 0.31 0,65 Brighton , 10-5-71 0.38 ' 0.38 Charlotte 7-20-72 0,61 0,61 Constantine ' 4-4-71 * 0.85 0,85 Betroil `' 10-14-71 . 12-20-72 1-20-72 3-9-/? , 4-17-72" * 6-1-72 ' 10-19-72 2.20 3.00 0.92 2.40 1.80 0.C3 2.50Ai 1.96 > Dexter j * ' 10-14-71 < o.io 0.10 MONS 06*03* '4 t/isemj (jlt:. Cojil'd CITY * ` -24- DATE PCB's Aroclor 1254 <P1>'>) . Mean Cone. (ppb) E, Lansing Escanaba Esscxville riint * , *t Hushing Gladstone Grand Haven Grand Rapids Holland ' HoughtonHnncock Iron MountainKings ford Ironoond Jackson Kalamazoo ' ,,` , - L'Anse 1 ansi no V* . 11-15-71 4-3-71 12-16-71 11-4-71 3-31-72 10-5-71 3-31-72 6-7-72 * 6-8-72 10-5-72 10-5-72 7-21-72 .,4-4-72 11-15-71 3-30-72 10-20-71 3-29-72 3-21-72 3-21-72 4-4-72 3-20-72 11-1 6-.71 2-21-72 3-28-72 10-5-71 3-28-72 6-C-72 ' 6-7-72 12-6-72 4-21-72 10-7-71 4 4-/2 0.69 0.35 0.29 0.21 0.28 1.30 0.92 0,47 0.30 <0.10 0/52 * 0.19 < 0.50 0,37 0.68 0.79 0.42 ' ` 0,51 0.29 0.24 * 0,G0 * 0.52 0.19 < 0.50 0.62 ' 0. 60 *, <0.10 ` 0.55 1.20 - 0.16 ` <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1.30 0.83 0.43 0.53 0.19C <0.10 0.23 ' 0.13 0.10 0,87 0.16 <0,10 O.C6 <0.10 0.18 MOfiS 064035 disch.'riKrs Cvnt *d \ CITY Manislique V Marquette Marshall Mcnomi nec Midi and . *4 ' ` Milford Monroe Ml. Clemens 1 Ht. Pleasant * .Muskegon Muskegon Heights ' Miles Norway Ontonagon Owosso Parchment ' * Ponliat (Au'nint ltd.) Ponli.u: (1`. Rlvd.) I'm laijf -25- ; a* DATE * . 12-15-72 ` 12-14-71 3-20-72 PCd/s Aroclor 1254 (ppb) <0.20 0.35 <0.10 '. 12-15-71 .0.35 2-2-72 . 0.29 3-31-72 ` 0.40 4-14-72 0.13 dl0-2-72 0.13 10-14-71 . <0.10 11-15-71 3r30-72 0.60 Q. 33 11-15-71 3-30-72 6~7-72c 5-8-72c 7-2C-72 8-2-7? 1.40 `2.90 4.50 3.10 9.40 10.00 3-31-72 <0.10 . 11-15-7lc 0.28 11-15t71c 0.37 4-4-72 O.G8 - 4-5-72 0.40 4-21-72 <0.10 9-14-72 4-20-72 <0.10 <0.10 11-17-71 3-30 72 11-17-71 3-30-72 6-G-/2 G-7-72 ` 1 l-l'-/lcJ <0.10 0.G1 0.20 1.30 0.15 0. IG 1.90 Moan Cone. .(L'JL'>)_____ <0.20 0.35 <0.10 0.35 0.23 <0.10 (5.46 5.21 ' <0.10 0.23 0.37 0. GO 9.40 <0,10 <0. 10 <0.10 0.35 0.45 1 . 90 HONS 064036 -26- Pisclnryers Contact CITY .' i Port Huron ' 1 Saginaw 'c ' , OATC 11-15-71 3-30-72 `.10-6-71 .`3-31-72 6-7-72 6-G-72 10-4-72cl cell's as Aroclor .IPJ>b) - 0.20 0.62 .1! 10 :3. so 2.00 1.60 .0.74 . St. Iynace .12-16-72 *,0/20 South 1 !o ven 4-4-72 <0.10 . Swartz Creek <10-5-72 CO .10 Three* Rivers '4-4-72 <`0/30 ,Trcn Ion `.11-16-71 3-30-72 13-6-72 .6-7-72 ' '* `0.14 1.10 0.47 0,91e .* Warren , 11-15-71 >30-72 0.16 0..10 ` Wayne Comity (Wyandotte) 11-7 6-71 3-30-72 ,0.64 .0.17 While tie 41-21-72 :o.? . Wyoming . Tl-30-72c 0.44 3-130*-7 2 .0.66 Ypsilnnli * 11-16-71 '4-2-72 0/22 ,0.21 Ypsilnnli Twp ?1 71-16-71 4-2-72 0.12 <0.10 Ypsiltinli Tv/p S2 ' 11-16-71 0.19 .4-2-72 0.16 *Aroclor 1242 Standard "Aroclor 1242 ami 12M in 11:1 ratio' *'6 hr h10 hr c24 hr ^Crob Ghexanc lost e;r\.\-:> "i.vi liean Cone ____ 0.40 V.00 <0.20 < 0.10 <0.10 CO.`30 0.53 D.13 0.40 0.20 0.49 0.21 0,11 0.1/ 2.55 HQNS 06403 7 Dischni yors Coat'd v Concentrations of PCB's v <|... rj( ,, Wastewater Trcat^m Pl..,,u tfiI 'tl/ Sprinn. 1973. dry weight. Concentration, jn 11' i ' : fluent fioi.T ;; k h > rj i n, p.r Iji 11 urn CITY ' DATE V. Adrian Albion Ann Arbor Hay City *. Battle Creek - Beni on Harbor- St. Joseph Brighton Cadillac , Charlotte Constantine Detroit Dexter Cast Lansing Cscanoba Cssexville Hint Gladstone Grand Haven Grand Rapids Hnl1 and Houghton- Hancock Iron Mountain- Kinqsford Ironwood ' Jackson Kalama?oo L'Anse . Lansing ' Haiti st i que Marquette Marshall Kenoniinco Midland Mi 1 ford Monroe * lit. Clemens lit. Pleasant Muskegon Ikiskogen Heights Riles h'unviiy O./osso Pontiac (Auburn) Pontiac {! . Illvd.) Pori Huron Siwtin.u Sunil Mr. Mine . . '3/7 2/22 3/1 3/1 2/28 2/28 3/1 * 3/28 5/1 2/28 2/28 " 3/1 5/2 3/28 3/1 2/22 3/28 2/21 2/21 2/21 3/27 1 3/28 . 3/27 i . 2/22 2/293/27 4/18 3/28 3/27 2/22 2/28 3/1 ` 3/8 5/4 ' 3/8 ' . 3/28 2/23 2/2C ' . 2/20 . 3/28 ?/21 3/12 . 3/12 - 3/0 3/1 3/20 . 1742 PC!!*-. 17111 , ` 3.20 0. 34 0.2b * <0.10 0.20 ' . 2.15 4* . b' . \ 0.03 0.34 0.4G 0.23 0.18 0.10 <0.10 0.41 <0.10 ` 1.00 <0.10 ' ` * * 0.10 * . 0.G9 <0.1 N 0.22 0.G3 0.29 0.1b 0.57 <0.10 *:0.10 * , 0.29 O.P-.'l 0. 1:1 0. <0. 10 0i 1c U. / J 0.26 0.33 0.20 0,29 1.1? 0.31 ?. 20 2.90 o.f.n o.M i no o,// HONS 06^03 Oisch.mjrrs CunVd CITY___ . ' ,St. 1 grace 'Three Rivers Traverse City Trenton < Warren Uayne County .Wyomi ng Ypsilanti Ypsilnnfi l'wp !! 1 .Ypsilanli lwp ff2 i DATE .3/28 .2/21 ;3/7 '.2/28 f2/27 :2/28 .2/21 .2/28 3/1 ;3/i TCU's 0.31 *0.10 *0.10 <0.10 <0.10 0.10 0.22 '* <0.10 `<0.10 t 'f'l? 0.31 ^Concentrations based ,aMixture of Aroclor on best fit-of 3 1242 and ,1254 in standards: Aroclor `V2-!2> a 1:1 ratio. Aroclor 125<i , or KONS 06*039 v -29- Dischargers Cant'd Conccntrotions of PCB's in the wastewater treatment plants in sludq;* from a ,, Michigan, Win/in?' " municipal .in parts per will ion, dry weight. J CoiicctilrM Lions City Adrian Albion , Ann Arbor Bay City Battle Creek ' Date1 3/ 7 ' 2/22 3/1 ` ` ' 3/1 2/28 / . '' 1202 pen's* 12M ` . . , . 1.5 * 1.1 ' 352.0 . 2.0 Benton HarborSt. Joseph 2/28 Brighton ' 3/1 ` . 13.0 .<0.1- . . Cadillac 3/28 . <0.l` Charlotte Constantine 5/1 ' 2/20 6.0 2.1 ` Octroi t 2/20 32.1 Dexter E. Lansing 3/1 5/2 ' ,,, _ 3.2 4.G Fscanaba . 3/20 . 5.9" Essexville 3/1 3.9 FI int 2/22 , G.3 Gladstone 3/20 . A. 1 Grand 1 la von 2/21 A. 1 Grand llapids Holland llO'JOl 1 llotiyhlon-Hmicock 2/21 2/21 ' .4/2G 3/27 ll.fi u.n l'-.o 5.0 2/1.0 ' . MOWS 0640*0 CUi Dale ' 1242 1 Iron MomHain - 3/20 Kin 95 ford ' '9.9 ] romvoo d Oackson .`3/2/ `1 2/22 . ` '32 ' - 3.*0 Kalamazoo 1-J A: j e Lansing Manisticine .2/29 . .73.3 * ` . !3/27 . 4/10 ` * ' 3/?i . ' 1: 1 ! * 4.4 3.'3 - -1.3 ' Marquette 3/27 ' ' . - . 2/0 Marshal 1 1 Menominee Hi cl 1 and Milford T2/22 . :2/2B 3/1 3/8-' . . . 3.;9 4.2 M . Monroe . S/4 ., ; . 3:3 Ml. Cl on-cns Ml. Pleasant Muskegon ' Muskegon Ilei.ghts Miles Norway Ov/osso * 3/8 3/20 3/20 H20 3/20 3/20 2/21 `'. . 1175.'0 (6,i5* ' .. n?,.-7 '. 11.1.70 *, >7..;o <0,1 '2.-0 Pontiac (Auburn) 3/12 I'onliac (!*. Ulvtl.) S/12 Port Huvon 3/0 1?.'.?4 2!4 50.5 12.1 9.2 9.2 MGNS 064041 -31- Oisclwrgers Cont* (1 . CHyl .\ Saginaw Sinilt Stc. Mario Date 3/1'. 1 3/20 ' < St. Ignacc Three Rivers 1 1 3/28 2/21 '` Traverse City . 3/7 1 reiuon 3/20 Warren 2/27 . Wayne County Wyoming 2/28 ' 2/21 1 Ypsilanti ' 2/20 Ypsilanti Twp. 1 3/1 ' Ypsilanti Twp 52 3/1 1242 ! -2. 0 ' Pen's 1251 5.0 2.4 1.5 4.1 ' 1 .C <0.1 <0.1 0.50 2.0 <0.1 <0.1 )^ * Concentration based on best fit of 3 standards: Aroclor 12/12, Aroclor 1254, or a mixture of Aroclor 1242 and 1254 in a 1:1 ratio. v v*i HONS 064042 'Dischargers Cont'd v Uisccnsin - 1973 Survey Results Kuofcipal i ty Adel 1 . ' AlfioiiiV' A'lthcrsl ' Appleton Dulles Des Ilortes Utility i){st. Hear Creek Her! in Hi rnanvood i'oi/.iuel trillion , Bristol Hrool'.f ield Cedar Grove Cliil ton Clintonvilie CoUr.rnt: Crivitz Dopere flfchort Lake fond du lac Gral ton Green Bay Kenosha Marinette Noenalt-.'Ienasha Milwaukee-South Shore: forth fond du Lac Racine Shawano Sheboygan ' Surim ` . Hal dt> West tend Cone. ppb t .33 <.or> <.05 .26 .11 <. 05 <.05 .20 <.05 .5 <. 05 <.05 <.1 1.45 * <.05 .1 <.05 .31 <.l .59 <.05 <.05 <.05 2.1 7.1 .23 *.34 -.4 17 * * .21 ' .23 .19 Lbs. . 000033 .010 .000) 0 .00056 .032 .00002) .032 .067 .074 . 060 ..00020) 53 . 0044 ..vr . 000059 .000033 .0013 HONS 06*1043