Document 2REjORG3kMg3MNeeqvJqvkbbN

Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00001 &EPA I';fWi;f S l f ' T j t$03O'O Problem An Environmental Health Perfect Storm Environmental contamination/human exposure - Chemical class Includes thousands of different chemicals - Highly persistent - Leaky production and industrial application Discharges to air Discharges to water Widespread contamination - Broad consumer product use: food packaging, stain resistant materials, non-stick cookware and firefighting foam - Conventional drinking water treatment ineffective (Rahman etal., 2014) - Lack methods for measurement of most new-generation PFAS * Human health effects for PFOA and PFOS well established based on human epidemiology and animal studies - Low infant birth weights, effects on the immune system, liver effects, increased cholesterol levels, cancer, and thyroid hormone disruption - Largely unknown for other PFAS Many states are dealing with PFAS issues; communities working to respond and asking for assistance include: - Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson in Anchorage, AK - Decatur, AL - Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Ml - Cape Fear Watershed, MC - Merrimack, NH - Hoosick Falls, NY V Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 <W: ED 002061 00270542-00002  w I m. *J Pr % What is a PFAS? Thousands of PFAS in production of industrial and consumer products. Poly fluorinated = many fluorines F O 7/ < F OH Polyfluorinated carboxylic acid from the production of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic Newton et al., 2017. Novel polyfluorinated compounds identified downstream of manufacturing facilities near Decatur, A L using high resolution m ass spectrometry Per fluorinated = fully fluorinated FFFFFFF O F F F F F F F OH Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA ,C-8) F FO FF FF f 0 Perfluorooctanesulionate (PFOS) 2 Very stable (C-F bond energy 485 kJ/mol) (C-C 346, C-N 305, C-0 358, C-CI 327 kJ/mol) Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00003 Intra-Agency Coordination -Coordination led by Office of the Science Advisor - Focal areas * Filling data gaps in human health toxicity * Establishing validated methods for measuring PFAS chemicals * Reducing exposure by limiting production and assisting in remediation * Ensuring accurate and timely communication to the public and partners -Workgroups established * Human health toxicity * Analytical methods * Data quality Inter-Agency Coordination -B ro a d participation (CENRS/T&R, CDC, NIEHS, DoD, USGS, DOE, NASA, CPSC) - Focal areas: toxicity, remediation, communication Support to Regions and States Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00004 Analytical Methods/Exposure Assessment Toxicity Risk Management 4 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 Agency Actions: Measurements/Exposure PFAS Method Development & Validation Workgroup (c. impeiiitten) - Internal Validation 24 PFAS analytes Evaluating data from 6 internal EPA labs on direct inject method for waters other than finished drinking water Preliminary results suggest ready for external validation - External Validation: 5-8 state laboratories, instrument manufacturers/vendors and contract labs - Groundwater sampling SOP: Anticipate completing EPA review by late Sept/early Oct - Future method evaluation: Solid-phase extraction (SPE) method with options for isotopic dilution or internal standards for 24 PFAS analytes Environmental and Biological Matrices (M. Strynar, A. Lindstrom, J. Washington) - Water (industrial effluent, surface, source, well, drinking, Brita filters) - Soil & sediment - Animal tissue (fish, mouse) * - House dust - Food packaging - Ambient & indoor air (gearing up) Non-targeted LC/MS/MS - Dispersions - Char Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00006 Example of Actionable Exposure Research Non-targeted analysis reveals previously unknown PFAS drinking sfl Mi& & M '' I U&Mt i water contamination GenX quantifiyl in drinking water Local news media picks up research reports ^ $*& I ms n mu nm mmmm. mn io mp mm tm rivim i %mi mm mtmmm Chemours mitigates GenX discharge to Cape Fear ^Ri6ver 6 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA NC DEQ, EPA (including Region 4 and ORD) partner to monitor mitigation effectiveness Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00007 oEPA Agency Actions: Tox Testing Animal studies related to legacy PFAS effects (chnsLau) - Liver toxicity (fatty liver) - Liver toxicity influenced by chain length, functional group, and genomic signature to identify modes of action - Species comparison on toxicokinetics of short-chain PFAS replacement * Comprehensive literature review of ~31 PFAS (Lynn Flowers) Initiatives being considered - Screen using computational tox methods including read-across * Near-term: 31 PFAS of interest due to occurrence * Longer-term: >3,000 PFAS reported in the environment - In vitro testing of Cape Fear water extracts (Chemours upstream vs downstream) - Apply in vitro assays and toxicogenomic investigation - Coordination with cross-agency workgroups on human and ecological health risk H assessment of legacy PFAS and their replacements Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00008 <>EPA ' Agency Actions; Risk Manageme (NRMRL - POC Alice Gilliland) Bench to Full- Scale Treatment of PFAS Contaminated Water You just don't treat PFAS - you treat the water - there are many waters/challenges Need "Toolbox" of technologies to implement "Treatment Trains" for specific sites DOD collaborations are real world applications: Air Force Institute of Technology, Little Rock AFB, Joint Base (Alaska), Rhode Island, SERDP (proposed) BENCH Scale Studies at Air Force Institute of Technology to work out conditions FULL Scale Studies at EPA's W ater Security Test Bed at Idaho National Laboratory (Summer 2016 and 2017) APPLIED at Little Rock Air Force Base hangar/building fire suppression systems (planned Fall 2017) Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00009 IME1R Agency Actions: Risk Management PFAS at Contaminated Sites Site characterization approaches for sampling, analytical methods, QA/QC and data review Treatment in drinking water, wastewaters, biosolids, groundwaters and emergency response wastes Site remediation and risk management approaches at PFAS-impacted sites (e.g. DOD fire training areas, manufacturing sites, legacy waste management sites, co-contaminants) 9 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00010 Additional Information PFAS in Your Environment EPA Method 537 Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS 10 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00011 Contact Information Tim Buckley, PhD National Exposure Research Laboratory US EPA Office of Research and Development 919- 541-2454 11 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 10 ED 002061 00270542-00012