Document 2Nbaw3yEjK931XbVBjj2qQ3JR

Lead Industries Association, Inc. Zinc Institute, Inc. 292 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 Philip E. Robinson Executive Vice President (212) 679-6020 July 11, 1973 MEMO TO: Officers and. Members of Board of Directors Lead Industries Association Zinc Institute SUBJECT: Minutes - ILZRO/MDA Joint World Committee Attached is a copy of the Minutes of the Joint World Committee held in Detroit in April, a day prior to the Annual Meet ing of Lead Industries Association and Zinc Institute. We have just received copies from ZDA/LDA in London which, with ILZRO, is serving as the joint secretariat for the Committee. In an endeavor to communicate the results of the meeting rapidly and widely, several groups among the MDA's and ILZRO will distribute this report. Accordingly, many of you may receive more than one copy. Plans are now in work to consolidate mailing lists; thereby, reducing duplication. Since the issuance of this report, tentative plans have been announced for the World Committee to meet in London on November 16, 1973. PER:so'h Att: Zinc Development Association/Lead Development Association: 34 Berkeley Square, London W1X 6AJ 20 June 1973 I-LZRO/MDA JOINT WORLD COMMITTEE Minutes of Meeting 3 April 1973 We have pleasure in sending you the minutes of the first meeting of the new Joint World Committee held in Detroit last month. Much of this first meeting was inevitably concerned with procedure and clear lines have been established on which the Committee will work. We would particularly draw your attention to minute 4, opening paragraph, setting out the form in which it is proposed that the Market Development Associations' views will in future be presented to the Committee. In the beginning it may not be practical to collate the right kind of information on each of the main uses of both lead and zinc on which to base the necessary appraisals of research and development activities, but we feel sure that a methodical approach on the lines indicated is needed. Only by such a methodical approach can we help the Committee to improve the planning of research and development and cooperation between the organisations concerned which their supporters are seeking. Also, please note that appended to these minutes is the list of ILZRO publications referred to under item 10. No definite date has yet been fixed for the next meeting of the Committee and it may be difficult to arrange a meeting before April 1974 when the annual ZI/LIA meetings are to be held in Chicago. However there will probably be other meetings and conferences before than at which MDAs and ILZRO will have the opportunity to discuss and plan how their views are to be coordinated and presented to the Joint World Committee. R.L. Stubbs Schrade F. Radtke N 692.01 ILZRO-MDA JOINT WORLD COMMITTEE Report on the first meeting, held at the Sheraton-Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, Michigan, on 3 April 1973 1 ATTENDANCE Metal Producers C.O. Buchanan D. Broward Craig E. Gautschi A. Ghysens F* Gregory F.R. Jeffrey S. Nanjo F. Osborn A.J. Payne S. Strauss H. Tachimori T. Tomita Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd. St. Joe Minerals Corporation Cominco Ltd. Vieille-Montagne SA AM&S Europe Ltd. National Zinc Company Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd. Broken Hill Associated Smelters Pty. Ltd. Electrolytic Zinc Co. of Australasia Ltd. ASARCO Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd. Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd. ILZRO J.J. Lennon (President) Dr. S.F. Radtke Dr. J.F. Cole A.L. Ponikvar K. Altorfer Ametalco Inc. ILZRO ILZRO ILZRO ILZRO Market Development Associations R.L. Stubbs A.R.L. Chivers C. A . Wahl S. Tokunaga P.E. Robinson J.F. Smith L. A. Figueroa H. Pantuliano ZDA/LDA ZDA/LDA Centre Technique du Zinc Japan Lead Zinc Development Association LIA/ZI LIA/ZI Centro Mexicano de Informacion del Zinc y Plomo AC Centro Argentino de Informacion del Plomo y Zinc 2 WELCOME TO PARTICIPANTS L^0b02 Mr. Lennon took the chair and welcomed participants. He reviewed briefly the meeting held in San Francisco on 5 and 6 February 1973 which had resulted in the setting up of the Joint World Committee. He hoped that the new committee would strengthen cooperation between ILZRO and the MDAs, making their activities more responsive to the needs of industry. N 692.02 2- - 3 ORGANIZATION OF JOINT WORLD COMMITTEE Producers' Representation Mr. Stubbs thought that the initial proposal that the Committee should have only four members representing the zinc and lead producers would need changing since four could not adequately cove* the interests of all the areas of the world. It was agreed after a lengthy discussion that there should be seven producer representatives: two from Europe, two from the United States and one each from Australia, Canada and Japan. While the new Committee would not in any way usurp the authority of the boards and councils of ILZRO and the MDAs, the producer representatives could ensure that the best ideas arising at the meetings were carried out. It was agreed that the producer representatives need not necessarily be from companies that supported both ILZRO and also one or other of the MDAs. If the Committee served its purpose well the participation of other producer representatives might help to strengthen support for research and development activities. The producer representatives could be appointed by the boards and councils of associations in each area. ILZRO Representation The Chairman said that ILZRO would be represented by Dr. Radtke and members of his staff together with a member of Ihe ILZRO board of directors. He, as President of ILZRO, would serve until the Board of Directors had had a chance to discuss the matter. MPA Representation The development associations would be represented by Mr. Stubbs (ZDA/LDA) and Mr. Robinson (ZI/LIA) and two representatives of other MDAs as they are available. The development associations around the world worked closely together and their managers met at least once a year to discuss matters of common interest. Chairman and Secretariat It was agreed that the Committee should elect its own Chairman for an initial period of a year, renewable for one further year, and at each meeting the Chairman should be appointed for the next meeting. Mr. Lennon was elected Chairman for the year following the meeting. The secretariat would initially be provided jointly by ILZRO and ZDA/LDA, who would prepare papers for the meetings, report on them and maintain continuity in the Committee's work. Guidelines for the Committee's Work \_I A Ob 021 It was agreed that the report on the San Francisco meeting should be adonted 3- - as guidelines for the Committee's work subject to the increase in the number of producer representatives already decided. The Chairman commented that the ILZRO Development and Applications Committee had been set up a few years ago to fulfil a necessary function and it was intended to maintain it as long as it proved useful. Frequency of Meetings A proposal was considered that the committee should meet twice a year, once at the time of the LIA/ZI Annual meetings and again just before meetings of ILZRO and the development associations at which their budgets were prepared when the financing of projects recommended by the committee would be considered. It was agreed that one meeting a year would normally be sufficient and that the most convenient time would be when the LIA/ZI Annual meetings took place. Finance As the Committee would act only in an advisory capacity, the question of finance did not arise. 4 ILZRO/MPA WORK ON SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Mr. Stubbs said that the MDAs intended to coordinate their views for future meetings of the Committee under four headings; (i) general appraisal of current developments in consumption and the main factors that were influencing these developments; (ii) what promotional and technical work was being carried out in response to recognised trends; (iii) similarly what ILZRO and other research was being carried out; and (iv) an indication of what changes in programmes and new work was thought necessary in the light of these reviews. In presenting their views to future meetings the MDAs would take into account discussions on research and development by such groups as the European Lead Development Committee and the European Zinc Producers Committee. The opportunity was then taken to discuss various aspects of current research and development on the main uses of lead and zinc, and also environmental work. (Since there were no background papers prepared for the meeting the discussions have been reported below in detail). Die casting LIA05022 Mr. Robinson observed that there was still a need for more information on the new ILZRO alloys; in particular, he would like guidance on whether 14 or 16 should now be promoted. Dr.Radtke said that efforts should be concentrated on ILZRO 16 which had better creep resistance, but there was no money available at present to develop materials that would enable it to be cast in a hot chamber machine; the question had been discussed by the Development and Applications Committee. Mr. Wahl said that a French company had for several years been pressure die casting small electric power line insulator caps in the conventional 4- - copper-free zinc die casting alloy direct on to the glass. Its creep strength however was not good enough for the larger caps, for which substantial quantities of ILZRO 14 had recently been used quite success fully. The manufacturers had now found that they could more cheaply use an aluminium alloy and were beginning to think that it might also prove more economical for the smaller caps. If this were so, a substantial market for zinc alloy would be lost. Mr. Wahl feared that if a hot chamber machine could be developed to cast the existing creep-resistant zinc alloys, it might also prove suitable for aluminium alloys, to the further disadvantage of zinc die casting generally. He would like to see money spent on developing a creep-resistant zinc alloy that could be cast in conventional hot chamber machines, which he thought could result in many new applications. Dr. Radtke said that he had in mind a hot chamber machine using for its pump the molybdenum-30 per cent tungsten alloy which was resistant to molten zinc but not to molten aluminium. Only titanium di bo ride could be used in contact with molten aluminium and the Die Casting Research Foundation of the American Die Casting Institute had given up its work on this material as it had proved quite uneconomical. Dr. Radtke hoped that it would be possible to develop a zinc die casting alloy with a composition based on that of the zinc-22 per cent aluminium superplastic alloy to make strong die castings with good creep resistance. The Development and Applications Committee had decided to concentrate future ILZRO die casting work on functional applications and wanted to secure more data on engineering properties particularly concerning fatigue and internal damping. The MDAs representative commented that though there was a growing demand for small zinc die castings, there was a tendency for other applications to lose ground to plastics and aluminium. In particular the automobile industry was now using a lower weight of castings per car than in previous years, partly because of simpler styling and safety considerations, but also because plastic mouldings had been substituted for some die castings. Although .the plastic mouldings were often less satisfactory in service, they were cheaper and lighter, and weight-saving was a very important factor in current car design. The MDAs were trying to educate designers and die casters to use thinner sections and there was increasing interest in automatic polishing processes to reduce finishing costs. Mr. Chivers noted that modern plating systems were generally satisfactory in service but there was still scope for reducing the cost of preplating operations. He also thought that information on the torque relaxation to be expected in bolted joints between die castings would be of value some aFpplications, e.g. carburettor. LI^0^023 Mr. Wahl said that a die caster in France was following up the ILZRO recom mendations concerning the production of large castings with thin sections, as a result of which it was hoped to reduce the thickness of a washing machine bezel from 0.9 to 0.7mm. The manufacturer had first designed the component as a plastic moulding. He considered that plated finishes were too expensive and hoped that the BNFMRA work would eventually result in a satisfactory direct chromium deposit. A plant had recently come into operation in France for anodizing car lock barrels to counteract corrosion problems. 5- - Dr. Tokunaga said that Japanese die casters were also suffering from com petition by plastics especially for grilles, some of which were plated. On the other hand de luxe cars still had zinc alloy grilles, which performed better. The Battelle work on continuous vibratory polishing and their recommendations on plating procedure had proved useful in Japan. However he thought that it was a bad principle to start the plating sequence on zinc alloy with a copper deposit and would prefer to see an initial layer of zinc 3 to 5^jm thick followed by a chromium-iron alloy and then a dual chromium deposit to meet the Corrodkote test. Japanese die casters were making great efforts to reduce the thickness of castings so as to reduce their weight by about a half and this should find them new applications. They were also hoping to save labour by adopting electronic instruments to control the die casting process. Mr. Robinson said that 1972 had been the best year since 1969 for zinc die castings in the USA. Some grilles and fender extensions were returning to zinc alloy from plastics but the situation was still fluid. It was difficult to get American die casters to make use of the ILZRO recommendations and the Zinc Institute was now working closely with five or six companies whose works were being visited by Battelle staff. Mr. Stubbs thought that die casters in Britain tended to see their future in the growth of aluminium rather than zinc die castings, and Mr, Wahl added that aluminium die castings were now being made thinner with the result that parking meter bodies in France had been changed from zinc to aluminium. Environmental work Dr. Cole said that many charges had been made against lead and cadmium. Though objections to the use of lead additives in gasoline had first been voiced in the United States, legal restrictions on them had first come into effect else where. Much publicity had been given to the results of the Seven Cities Study which had been sponsored jointly by ILZRO, the EPA and the American Petroleum Institute and which showed that there was no relationship between the concentration of lead in the atmosphere and in blood. Furthermore it had been found that in some places lead workers lived on average 10 years longer than other people. Mr. Strauss added that one man had worked at his company's Monterrey lead refinery for 66 years. Dr. Cole hoped that Dr. Schwarz's report to the EPA showing that lead was an essential trace element for the growth of laboratory animals might help the metal's image, although it did not mean that lead in larger quantities was not toxic. With regard to the emission of lead into the atmosphere from factories, ILZRO and the Lead Development Association were keeping a close watch on performance standards. Dr. Radtke added that ILZRO had had much help from the producers of TEL and other companies concerned with the use of lead and also from the EPA, and ILZRO's worldwide reputation was good. Mr. Gautschi paid tribute to the very good impression which Dr.Cole ' discussions with Canadian government officials. Ll 0502^ 6- - Mr. Stubbs said that all the main European countries had now agreed on upper limits for the content of lead in gasoline and he thought that the EEC would probably adopt a limit of 0.4 g/1 in 1974 to be reduced to 0.15 g/l- in 1979 or 1980 unless other considerations led to a change in attitude before then. The lead associations had good relationships with European government officials. Most were sympathetic towards the problems of lead but German and Scandinavian officials often expressed themselves strongly against lead at international meetings and sometimes quoting the EPA in support of their views. The LDA kept British government officials informed of ILZRO activities. Although they were not biased against lead, the officials had to pay attention to the views expressed by Members of Parliament. A committee had now been set up within the EEC to try to harmonise national regulations on environmental and toxicological aspects of the uses and processing of lead, zinc and cadmium but it would be some time before any recommendations would be formulated. Dr. Cole observed that the VDI (German Engineers Association) had invited him to a meeting to discuss a standard for airborne lead. The Study Group's report 'Lead in Gasoline' had now been published. Mr. Stubbs was afraid that the latest statistics, which showed that the. lead used in gasoline in 1972 over the whole world had risen, might cause a further outcry. Mr. Strauss said that the efficient use of petroleum resources had now become a major issue in the United States and this would undoubtedly help retain the use of lead additives. The main requirement therefore was to trap lead so that it did not escape in the exhaust. The Chairman wondered how ILZRO could best help in keeping the World Health Organization and the International Lead and Zinc Study Group informed about the results of research into the effects of lead in the environment. It seemed unfortunate that Dr. Cole had not attended WHO or Study Group meetings. Mr. Stubbs said that both these bodies were inter-governmental organisations and in the case of the Study Group industry representatives attended only by invitation of their own governments. International bodies that took part in-Study Group meetings were the EEC, UNCTAD and OECD - also inter-governmental organisations. He himself attended as an advisor to the UK government delegation. The Study Group was basically concerned with economic subjects and he doubted whether it would discuss environmental problems in the future except perhaps inso-far as they might have economic consequences. He was not familiar with the working of WHO but thought that relevant ILZRO reports should be submitted to WHO so that they could be referred to in its monthly bulletin. Dr. Radtke saw no reason why Dr. Cole should not attend Study Group meetings as a technical advisor to one of the government delegations as 90 per cent of the ILZRO finance was derived in roughly equal proportions from the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. Galvanizing LIA05025 It was noted that in Europe the zinc industry worked closely with the galvanizers 7- - galvanized. The galvanizing of strip, wire and tube was largely in the hands of the steel industry and so was more difficult to influence. Fundamental research had proved valuable to the European galvanizing industry but there was a tendency for engineers not to accept the results of tests based on practices different from their own. In the discussion it was questioned whether it was right for ILZRO, an inter national organization, to spend money on work for the benefit of the industry in any one particular country, as was being done in Japan and in France for example. Dr. Radtke said that there was always a time-lag in the adoption of research results, sometimes even between divisions of the same company, but Mr. Strauss thought that it might be more appropriate for the MDAs to be responsible for purely national tests or investigations, as the Copper Development Association in the United States had been to secure the acceptance of copper-nickel sheet for the hulls of fishing boats. Mr. Wahl said that French galvanizers had experienced much trouble when confronted with killed steels containing more than 0.04 per cent silicon. Urgent action had been necessary and so a research programme had been initiated in France. Special low silicon steel was now available for galvanizing but the steelmakers could not guarantee to maintain supplies indefinitely. Mr. Wahl thought that there was a joint Cominco/Mines Branch research programme in Canada investigating this problem. ILZRO was also developing a fumeless flux for galvanizing. Dr. Tokunaga said that galvanizing was the biggest use of zinc in Japan, where the work on bolted joints and on galvanized reinforcement for concrete had proved useful. However Japanese engineers had claimed that the atmosphere in Japan was more corrosive than that in the United States and consequently tests had had to be undertaken at Tokyo University and elsewhere to convince them that the results were applicable in Japan. Engineers were now anxious to find out how to eliminate warpage resulting from galvanizing and the delayed effects of hydrogen embrittlement in certain steels. Dr. Radtke replied that warpage could be avoided by correct welding practice. Investigations at the BNFMRA and in Canada had shown that hydrogen embrittlemend did not arise in galvanizing low-alloy steels; the difficulties that the Japanese had complained about were really due to strain-age hardening. Dr. Tokunaga then explained that he was referring to a high-tensile steel suspension bridge to be built in Japan. It had been decided that it could not safely be galvanized but instead would be zinc sprayed. Dr. Radtke agreed that this was a special case but thought that if some of the ILZRO investigators were to meet Japanese engineers they should be able to overcome their fears about galvanizing. Lead cable sheathing L1A05Q26 Mr. Stubbs said that the use of lead for cable sheathing was now declining in Europe where it was being replaced by aluminium and plastics for reasons of economy, However the loss in Enrons ws s to snmn pvtmt Kainn aft. cot 8- - production in overseas countries which had previously imported cables from Europe; according to Mr. Runevall many Hansson extrusion presses were being installed in developing countries. Dr.Radtke said that Mr. Hiscock of the LDA had at one time recommended efforts to achieve the faster extrusion of higher strength lead alloys and some research had been carried out by ILZRO, but it had been stopped when a limit had been found to what could be achieved in this way. The situation might be helped by an ILZRO member's recent develop ment of lead alloys that could be extruded soft and then aged to develop their final properties. A composite sheath in which lead was chemically bonded to a plastic material had also been developed, but probably too late to be of much use. It might still be possible to find an improved alloy for sheathing but users would not adopt it until they had been completely satisfied about its corrosion resistance. Mr.Stubbs said that European cable makers took the view that little could be done in the way of technical development to change this situation since the economics were now very unfavourable to lead. Consumption in the United Kingdom for this purpose had dropped from 150,000 to 50,000 tonnes a year over the past five years. Lead batteries This very important market had continued to grow because of the increased use of motor vehicles, and there was still no competitor to the lead acid SLI battery. Battery manufacturers and various electricity interests and vehicle manufacturers were actively concerned with electrically-powered road transport which still depended on lead batteries. Mr. Stubbs thought it was important for the lead industry to play a part in promoting the uses of lead batteries, but so far as research was concerned it had to be recognised that the main European battery makers took the attitude that they needed little help, particularly with research into manufacturing processes. Dr. Radtke said that in the USA the battery manufacturers appreciated the research which ILZRO had sponsored and a representative from Lucas in England who had attended an ILZRO meeting had found the exchanges useful. The Development and Applications Committee had recommended continuing the ILZRO battery research to improve paste technology and charging rates; the traction batteries which had been examined in the course of the work had proved inconsistent in their behaviour. The General Electric Company of America was considering the use of lead batteries to help meet peak loads in the electric power supply and had enquired whether enough lead was available for it to be used in this way. Lead batteries could also be employed in con junction with cadmium sulphide cells to make use of solar energy. Members agreed that every opportunity should be seized to publicise the use of lead acid batteries in pollution-free electric vehicles. Sound attenuation ^-^05027 K/f r lit s.C' V* i cairl fa t Lead a company which they now owned jointly with National Lead. Mr. Strauss agreed that the application would grow and said that in the USA it was being helped by the OSHA requirements for machinery to be made less noisy. Mr. Altorfer said that the Development and Applications Committee had recom mended additional work to develop ways of using lead for sound attenuation in house-building and do-it-yourself projects. However both Mr. Strauss and Mr. Gautschi thought that the latter proposal could involve a hazard to children and Mr. Gautschi offered his company's advice in this connection. The chairman had himself used lead sheet protected by plywood to encase an air conditioner unit at home with some success in cutting down its noise. Lead pigments Mr. Ghysens asked whether it was likely that there would be further legislation against the use of lead pigments on the grounds of their toxicity. Dr. Cole said that they had already been banned from interior paints in the United States and he thought that this was a correct decision. It was now possible that lead chromate might be excluded from road marking paints, Mr. Stubbs added that the LDA had prepared a survey of litharge which had revealed that compounds had various uses, some of which might eventually be-subject to tighter controls. Dr. Cole thought that their uses in printing inks and plastic stabilisers were already at risk. Dr. Radtke said that basic lead silico-chromate was widely used in car primers applied by electropainting. As no spraying was involved there was no real health hazard, but the unions concerned might object if they realised that lead pigments were being used. Mr. Stubbs suggested that the secretariat should prepare statements on the uses of lead compounds for consideration at future meetings. 9 DISTRIBUTION OF ILZRO PUBLICATIONS The distribution of ILZRO reports was discussed. Dr. Radtke explained that in a country where all the domestic zinc and lead producers belonged to ILZRO, the research digests were generally distributed by the MDAs which also kept a library of original reports for reference. Where only some of the producers were ILZRO members, as in Japan, these members decided how the digests were to be distributed. Dr. Tokunaga was sent copies of ILZRO material intended for general publication. In countries where there were no ILZRO supporters, no reports were distributed. Mr. Ponikvar added that Spanish translations of the digests were distributed in Latin America. LI A 05028 Mr. Wahl observed that though ILZRO contributed to the cost of preparing French translations of the digests, the French organisations still had to spend considerable sums on this work and he asked that ILZRO should cover the whole cost of French editions in its budgets. Dr.Radtke explained that he had at one time hoped to issue the digests in six languages, but shortage of funds had made this impossible. The executive Committee had decided that in countries where all the metal producers were members of ILZRO, money would be made available to prepare - 10 - translations. No German translations had been issued and ILZRO were still considering whether anything could be done to make Japanese versions available. 10 PROMOTING ILZRO RESEARCH RESULTS Some ILZRO results thought to be ready for general exploitation were discussed. Dr. Radtke said that ILZRO 12 showed great promise for use as a general foundry alloy and Mr. Ponikvar referred to the newly issued booklet 'Design Applications of Gravity Cast Zinc' which showed examples of its use in several countries. It had been published by the Zinc Institute and copies had been made available to the MDAs elsewhere. Mr.Altorfer referred to the VM prefabricated zinc roofing system and to the thin lead sheet felt laminate for building. Mr, Stubbs said the United Kingdom lead sheet manufacturers did not wish to jeopardize their large market for sheet lead in building (about 50,000 tons a year) by trying to introduce a very thin lead sheet which would undoubtedly prove less satisfactory. Dr. Radtke accepted this situation but pointed out that in the United States virtually no lead sheet was being used for roofing so that any acceptance of the new material would be an advance, Mr. Ponikvar briefly mentioned the forthcoming ILZRO publications on _ recommendations for the polishing and plating of zinc alloy die castings (written by Mr. Safranek) and on the zinc die casting process (from the BNFMRA). He was confident that both would prove valuable in making the ILZRO work better known. He would provide a list of ILZRO publications due to appear in 1973 for circulation with the report on the meeting for the use of the MDAs. 11 CONCLUSION The Chairman thanked everyone who had participated in the meeting and expressed his confidence that the committee would contribute to better under standing and cooperation between ILZRO and the development associations in the future. LIA 05 029 ADDENDUM ILZRO PUBLICATIONS PLANNED OR IN PROGRESS (as of 1 May 1973) ^1^.______The Finishing and Electroplating of Die Cast and Wrought Zinc (ZP-169) This manual combines descriptions of prior-art practices with accounts of ILZRO research developments and attempts to explain the advantages of the new processes. The basic text is now in hand and final editorial checks are expected to bd completed before 30 June. The Zinc Institute has made tentative approval to allocate up to $8, 000 for printing costs. ILZRO has additional funds to pay for indexing, proofreading, and copies for internal use. Key zinc market development associations have been asked to convey their needs for this manual so that a final print order can be given to the selected printer. Various printers and publishers have been contacted and indications are that the manual, which will take an estimated 135-140 pages of typeset copy, A5 size (app,, 6x9 in. ) will be printed at a unit cost of approximately 75 cents. If all goes well, the manual will go to the printer immediately after final approval and completed "copies could be available before yearend. 2. ____Housing Brochure (ZD-171; LD-178) This manual will review the concepts evolving from ILZRO-sponsored research to develop suitable design concepts for industrialized housing featuring lead and zinc applications. It is aimed basically at architects and builders. The Rhode Island School of Design is completing the basic text and drawings. This effort should be completed by around 1 June 1973. ILZRO had prepared the Introduction and will arrange the printing. Target publication date: September 1973. 3. ____Corrosion Behaviour of Lead (LE-65) This manual completed by ILZRO in 1968, is a comprehensive survey of the subject area. It was turned over to the LDA after completion and has been carried to initial proof stage. Lack of funds, however, has held up further action. Should funds be provided, the book can probably be carried to completion within six months. ILZRO will finance and arrange the indexing when typesetting has been completed. LIA05030