Document 1gam3abd5Gb72wXLRXObo91Om

55th ANNUAL NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS V- Papers Delivered in the < CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES SESSIONS Five Years of Future Dates for the National Safety Congress....................... 4 CONSTRUCTION SESSIONS Report of Year's Activities..................... ^............................ Earl W. Wheeler 5 Protection Against Trench Failures...................................... William C. Land 6 Safe Use of Explosives in Construction..............................M.M. Champion 10 What's Wrong With Construction Safety in the United States. Harry M. Philo 13 Vibration Measurement in Construction................... .......... Paul C. Hosking 15 How Owner and General Contractor Coordinate Safety - on Multi-Contractor Jobs..................... ^.................... Thomas J. Reynolds 19 Occupational Health in the Construction Industry................. Fred Ottobonl 21 How To Foresee Tragic Accidents by Use of the High Potential Accident-Prone Situation Hazard Control Method........William W. Allison 26 PUBLIC EMPLOYEE SESSIONS Safety in the Fire Service...................................... .................John R. Travell -31 Ideas Regarding Safety In a Police Department........Maj. Adam Kllmkowakl 34 Pinpointing the Problem Through Electronic Data Processing Calvin V. Pelto 35 The Protection of Work Crew3 on High-Speed Expressways. Melvin Q. Lyell 37 Rdtary Mower Guarding.......................... ........................... Warren I. Hanson 38 Hazards Encountered by the Highway Engineer, Technician, and Inspector At Construction Sites and at-Materlal Plants...........................E.D. Sulno 39 Upgrading a Highway Safety Program at a Minimum Expense. Mark Markson 42 Responsibilities of the Highway District Engineer to Employees' Safety . J.H. Phillips 44 Prevention find Control of Asphalt Heating Kettle Fires..........John M. Fries 49 Can the Cardiac Be Safety-Employed for Highway Work?. Harvey M. Kuester 50 The Phenomenon of Automobile Tire Hydroplaning................. Adolph Fram 52 Power Mower Safety and Vegtatlon Control..................... Luther A. Tlppory 54v Officers of the Construction Section 1967-68................... .............................. 59 Officers of the Public Employee Section 1967-68 .......................................... 62 Other Volumes in the 1967 National Safety Congress Transactions. .Back Cover 3 Comtructlon Section Weokly safety meetings are also held by the craft union stewards, and designated committees from these meetings in torn meet with plant protection and safety department personnel of the Bums Harbor plant to fur ther assist in the compliance by all contrac tors toward die desired goal of maximum safe working conditions. Periodically, the business agents for the crafts make safety tours of the construction areas with members of the construction and safety departments pointing out vafious con structive improvements to further improve the program. Considerable time is spent working with the A.F.L. craft union safety representative to insure a mutual understanding that, for a safety program to be effective, requires the cooperation of both management and labor. Without tho complete sincere support of tho unions toward a sound safety program, fre quently only "lip.service" for safety exists with no meaningful action resulting. Compllanco and cooperation on this pro)- cct has boon excellent. Only infrequently have actions, other than firm reminders, been required to bring the safety program back into line. Tho aid of the purchasing depart ment is enlisted when tho most severe cor rective actions have boen nocessary and this procedure has been most effective. '- Our program is not unlike other programs' in die construction industry, having the com mon denominator of planning, motivation, communication, and follow through accom panied with dedicated hard work on tho part of each individual on the site. We attempt to implement our program with enthusiasm and a directness of purpose eliminating "Up serv ice" and tho attitudo "we will look at the problem later". / OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY By FRED OTTOBONI . Senior Industrial Hygiene Engr., Bureau of Occupational Health, California State Dept of Public Health, Berkeley, Calif. Occupational health in the construction industry is a subject that has not yet re ceived any real interest or attention in the United States. Articles appear from time to time in the American literature on a specific health hazard, such as lung cancer in asbes tos insulators, or lead poisoning in palnteis. Other than a few papers originating in Cali fornia, where a start has been made on the heat, noise, and dust problems of heavy equipment operators, almost nothing seems to have been written on the present health status of the individual crafts or on the over . all health problems or needs of the industry. This lade of interest and work is signifi cant. Either there are no problems in the in dustry worthy of mention, or there is an ap palling lack of some vital ingredient which is necessary for stimulating the growth of a systematic interest in the health of more than four million American workofs. First, let's define "occupational - health". The term has been so loosely used over the last few years that intelligent, discussion of the subject bos been difficult, Some people interpret rt to mean everything from a cut. finger to the Social weU-bcing.of tho crafts man's family. For our purposes here, how ever, occupational health means the preven tion of work-caused disease and disability by control of the work environment, an area where both labor and management have a clear responsibility for observation, discus sion, and hazard control. This definition ac quires particular meaning when one realizes that the majority of occupational diseases are not curable; they are only preventable. ' Five conclusions havo emerged from our studies of occupational health problems in the construction industry! We feel they are fundamental, if progress is to be made. They are the result of nearly five years of observa tions in California. They dramatically reveal tho lack of interest, tho lack of programs and the lack of action that beset the industry. If is recognized that the immediate dematrd-ef- 21 1907 National Safety Congress pressing safety problems in tho industry larger, faster, and more powerful equipment, may, in part, be responsible for submerging designed without consideration for the long any concerted interest in health problems. term hoalth of the operator. Is expected to 'While no aftempt is mado hero to detract intensify this hearing loss problem. It also is from the important responsibility for acci expected to introduce silicosis for the first dent prevention in tho industry, it is time timo as n disease of the operators of dozers, that programs in work-induced disease pre power shovels, and front-end loaders. vention begin to receive the attention they The equipment operator Is not alone in deserve. High accident frequencies cannot, facing these health hazards. Tho recent re by any stretch of the imagination, justify a placement of tho plasterer's conventional lack of interest in healthy working condi trowd with a spray nozzle has Introduced tions. . . serious hearing loss problems insofar as tho Our first conclusion--there is a basic need plaster guns that wo have measured are con to recognize that construction workers are cerned. Further, the gun application of as new suffering job-induced diseases ond>(hat bestos-containing fireproof coatings continues new diseases will emerge with advancing without control and without concern. Yet, technology. data coming in regularly from studies of To the casual observer or even a member men working afound asbestos dust leave of the industry itself, it is reasonable to be very little doubt that the gun operator and lieve that occupationally-induced diseases in other craftsmen in tho area are being sub construction work are not a problem. The jected to the risk of asbestosis and lung can crafts have long histories of working out cer. doors in tho fresh air with hammers, shovels, There are many mofe examples. Plastic and other tools which have in the past tradi adhesive and surfacing materials have made tionally presented safety problems, but not life an itchy nightmare for the tile setter and health problems. the cement mason. It Is important to realize ,A look at the Federal or Stato hoalth sta that much of this skin disease is accompa tistics appear to support this concept: not nied by a permanent allergy to the epoxy because there is a lade of problems, but be resin hardener used in the process. The cause neither the Federal government nor slightest further exposure to the hardener the states--with the possible exception of brings on a repeat case of tho itch and the California--keep any statistics on tho sub man is permanently disabled for any further ject When no disease is reported, it is natu work with the plastic. ral to condude that none exists. However, Another example involves today's welder. . what appears as no problem is, in reality, no There was a time When very little except or information on the problem. ' dinary steel was found on'a construction job. Experience in California supports this con- Anunprotected welder could work with vory dusion. In recent years, physician's reports little hazard from fumes. Alloys are changing of occupatiodhl diseases among construction this. For instance, inhalation of the fumes workers have been coming into the State from manganese steel will produce an illness Health Department at approximately twice which closely resembles Parkinson's disease. the average rate for all California workers. Consider also that nickel, cadmitliny vansi- Since 1049, when recording began in Cali dium, and some other metals are toxic by in fornia, this rate has been continuously halation. among the three highest of all tho major in It is clear that tho pick and shovel are dustries. The diseases Involve the skin, the gone, and along with them went the fresh lungs, systemic poisonings, hearing loss-es- air and tho iron man. The construction in sentially the whole range of illnesses nor dustry has entered the era of machines and mally believed to lio in the exclusive 'prov chemicals, and it should recognize this. ince of factory Workers. . A second conclusion--it must bo recog Field investigations suggest that more Is to nized that the methods which have been de- ccme. For example, an estimate basej^-olir--^Sloped for tho protection of the factory hearing tests conducted at coristructioofi sites worker may not be feasible on a construction by fully-qualified audiologists indicates that* job. ^ some 20,000 heavy equipment operators now Most of the occupational health literature working in the state have permanent noise- and practically all of the preventive methods induced hearing loss. Tho trend toward in use were developed with the factory 22 Construction Section worker in mind. The factories presented the critical industrial health problems of tho 10th and early 20th centuries and this is where tho interest, the research, and tho money has boon invested. Tho emphasis today, although comparatively small. Is still on tho factory. As a result, the standard con trol methods available in all the textbooks, ventilation, isolatiqn, enclosure, substitution, and personal protection, are organized to make practical and economical sense in q factory setting. . The factory hand works for the most part in a fixed location. Exposure is repetitivo and predictable over a long period of time. Utili-. tics are available and control methods can bo designed, tested, and finally built-in as part of the company's long-term capital invest ment. It is not unusual to see a ;$20,000 ven tilation system built into a plant to protect 10 or 15 welders. But look at the welders on tho construc tion job. In a lifetime, each will have done about as much work and generated as many fumes as a factory* welder, However, the control system hero is non-existent, because the control methods in the textbooks do not make practical or economic sense on a con struction fob. ' Factory spray painting is done in a venti lated booth, according to the books. Since a booth would cost too much on a construction fob, we scratch our heads and spray paint anyway. Dust, noise, heat, and almost any health problem is controlled by cookbook methods in the factory. The cook book doesn't work for construction, so we live with the problems and hope they will go away. It is now critically necessary that we ac cept tho fact that a construction fob is not the same as a factory job, and that the fac tory hazard-control cookbook--although free --is not applicable, A third conclusion--we must begin to de velop our own occupational health stand ards. ( The golden era of occupational health in the United States ended in the mid-1950's. The movement which began in the 1930's and provided wide knowledge of industrial diseases. and excellent textbooks is. slowly dying. The Federal program is small and without legal authority. State programs not only have been declining in manpower, but show little, Interest in the construction indus try. Tho traditional standard-setting agency for occupational health in tho country, die Amedcan Conference of Governmental In dustrial Hygienists, is dependent upon its dues-paying members for support Its $13,000 yearly total budget wifi not covor more than a fraction of tho country's prob lems, ond that fraction will bo factory-or iented. ' On this basis, it is unlikely that the widely subsidized work that went into helping the industrialist to understand bis problems and to custom-tailor his environmental control will be available to the construction indus try. The facts are that the responsibility for providing a reasonably healthy place to work lies directly with construction labor, and construction management. Tho need for environmental standards is growing with each day. Noise offers a fine example: Heavy equipment, trucks, compres sors, chain saws, |ackhammcrs, and a wide variety of power hand tools are producing hearing loss that Is reaching scandalous pro portions. There are choices. The individual contractor can hire an accoustics expert and modify these took at his own expense. As another choice, he can attempt to stuff ear plugs in his men, a method that will be of no practical valuo on a construction fob, and one that will probably reduce productivity. A popular alternative is to do nothing and let the insurance companies worry about it. Tho sensible solution is to collectively write a set of performance standards for power equipment. These can be written right now, from knowledge at hand, and would specify maximum allowable noise in tensities at an appropriate given distance from the equipment lire tool manufacturers may have difficulties at first But their engi neering and research departments are avail able and in the best position to control hear ing loss at the lowest possible cost. Adequate labelling also must be consid ered. Very few of the materials capablo of causing eye, skin, or lung problems such as plastics, paints, welding rods, fluxes, sol vents, lubricants, etc., have useful warning labels when they reach the construction site. This has two negative effects, in addition to the potential for injury. First, even the inter ested men cannot find out how to protect themselves. And second, if the material does cause a problem, the men have no clear in formation that might be useful in selecting a less harmful product for the next job. 1967 National Safety Congress This Is particularly dramatized by the ex marked enough to prevent further employ perience of die cement masons, where labels ment At this point cause-effect relationships are often so vague as to make it impossible are obscure. No single event can be held re for them to determine whether the surfacing sponsible, and the work force has a few less material they are expected to apply on a craftsmen. If by some chance tho illness is particular Job is a dermatitis-causing epoxy, recognized as work-induced, the last em a bronchospasm-causing urethane, or a rela ployer may be held responsible for the ontiro tively safe polyester. cost of compensation. This is no solution. The noise and label problems ore straight For examplo, earth mover operators have forward. They follow the textbook closely. long suspected that somehow spinal prob Others may not be so simple because of the lems are connected with their jobs. This may mobile nature of construction work. Solu or may not be so; there ore no statistics. It is. tions to these will require imagination and hardly possible that all equipment operators money. Ideas from the space program ore ore bom with bad backs. It is most likely, sure to be useful and wo expect to see ex however, that the vibration and bouncing on ploitation of tho controlled individual envi *some types of seats on some types of equip ronment in the form of air-supplied suits for ment oro causing spindl damage. Unless It is plasterers, oement masons, and welders; and known, first, whether or not operators are air-conditioned, noise-and dust-tight capsules truly suffering spinal problems and second, for heavy equipment operators. Standards, exactly which machines and what conditions once set, can make theso easily accessible at are responsible for the problems, prevention mass-produced costs. The logical approach is to accept the re sponsibility and begin to develop some Standards that can be put into contracts and equipment purchaso orders; otherwise tho industry faceS attrition of skilled manpower, higher compensation oosts, hazard pay, and if the problem gets bad enough, the inevita ble application of tho ill-fitting industrial - cookbook to these construction jobs. A fourth conclusion--records and statistics must be kept I repeat, health information on working men is scarce. This is particularly so in the construction industry because even the infor mation thatJs obvious in a factory is clouded by the nature of construction work. A factory is a relatively permanent envi` ronment. Jobs acquire reputations: they smell; old timers get lung disease; this or that chemical will make you sick if you in hale it. This is epidemiology in its most primitive form, done without the help of the professionals or the government Novertheless, it is very effective in discovering dis eases and developing control methods. of "back trouble" will be impossible. With computers now available, it is feasi ble to record the pertinent details of every job, every illness, and every death for every man working In tho construction industry. This should bo done by every croft union; with the cost shared by tho employer. Routlno computer, output will then tell us whether pointers , die young, or equipment operators get silicosis, or plasterers get cmphysema, and whether the lung cancer that has been found in asbestos insulators - is being controlled or not controlled. A fifth, conclusion--uniform, reasonable regulation must be insisted on. Competition is very real in construction. In fact, it appears to be so fierce that it often is cited as the justification for poor health and bad safety practices. For instance, the question as to why water is not being used to control dust on a given haul road very often will bring the reply that this is highly commendable; however, "it was not included in the job estimate because the competition never includes such things, and in order to bid the job successfully .it was necessary to dispense with the water wagons". Contrast this with a construction job. Tho This is a standard answer for many prob office is often a house trailer and a singlo lems. Its effect is to penalize the legitimate craft is not likely to be on a given job for contractors and to moke the natural growth more than a year. Who now Is going to do of healthy working conditions next to impos the epidemiology? Work-induced health sible. This fanatic interest in cost-reduction damage suffered by a craft during the course seems to be eroding the few existing health of, a single project very easily passes without standards accepted by the industry. . notice. It Is not until a series of such projects , t For example, everyone knows that a sand --and years-have pissed that disability is blaster should wear an airsupplied helmet. Cotuirudion Section V This has bean accepted without question for matter how legal, wither Increase profits nor decades. Ypt during tho last year the writer make diesel exhaust better to smell nor safer has seen five construction Jobs where sand- . to inhale. . blasters were working. They all religiously The competitive inducement to save wore tho proper helmets-but not one had money by shaving health and safety costs an otr-supply hose connected to the helmed need not continue. Good applicable stand Apparently tho air supply isn't being figured ards, as they are developed under our third into the bids anymore, even though it is still' conclusion noted, above, can he made a part in the law. of all construction contracts and all labor Diesel engines in underground construc management contracts. In this way, healthy tion are an example of long-term, legal ero working conditions will be officially recog* sion. Diesels were allowed underground only nized as a legitimate cost of doing business, after long study and, finally, the setting of and the toll will be paid in dollars by the rigorous standards by the Bureau of Mines. buyer of services rather than in the health These included specially designed engines, and longevity of the craftsmen who provide matching exhaust scrubbers, and ventilation them. rates based on numbers which accompanied The construction' industry has a host of the vohiclo from the manufacturer. Competi hiddon and pressing occupational health tive progress over the last 20 years has led to problems, with more to come. For die short tho erosion of standards and tho acceptance term future, government rescue does: not of, any diesel vehicle with a homo-mado soom possible and a serious and planned ef scrubber, and ventilation rates based on air fort by management and labor is badly sampling methods that have not been proved noedod. reliable. Tho engineered and tested stand The construction industry has enjoyed and ards and safety factors prepared by the Bu becomo addicted to the privileges of hard reau of Mines are being forgotten. Although work and fresh air. Change is always diffi a few contractors still use Bureau of Mines cult. But one way or another, like it or not, equipment, continuous pressure from the in the technology that wo are using to change dustry has eroded the minimum standard. the face of the earth wfll, in the long run, One thing is certain: eroded standards, no change us also. 25 OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chairman--*T. S. McKosky, Supervisor of Toolhouscs, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. Vico-General Chairman--*W. G. Bryson, Safety Director, Tidewater Construction Corp., Norfolk, Va. General Secretary-i'Ftmama H. Derg, Mar., Accident & Fire Prevention Dept, Amer ican Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, ID. .' Assistant General Secretary--`Fred A. Hornsey, Jr., Product Line Manager, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. v- DIVISIONS .. i Bvilrfing-'BRONSON A. Cole, (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Engineering A Construction Div., Kopners Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Charles F. Sparrell, (Vice-Chairman), Assistant Chief Engineer, liberty Mutual -Insurance Co., Chicago, HL; Ralph Arams, Safety Engineer, MUler Davis Co., Melrose Park, HI.; Ralph W. Armstrong, Supervising Engineer, Engineering Div., The Travelers Insurance Co.. Hartford, Conn.; (John D. Bonham, Supervising Engineer, Joyce A Co.. Chicago, 111.; Charles W. Borden, Jr., Manager of Safety,- Coco Corp., Chicago, 111.; Henry V. Carvill, Safety Director A Insurance Manager. Henry C. Beck Company, Dallas, Texas; Paul H, Connellet, United Brotherhood of Carpenters A Joiners of AmericA, Washington, D. C.; Warren C. Hargreaves, Safety Director, Fruin-Colnon Contracting Co., St Louis, Mo.; H. F. Huber, Safety Director, Beacon Construction Co., Boston, Mass.: Nohbert I. Hynee, Safety Director, Associate General Contractors oi Creator Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wis.; Frederick M. Ltvincston, Jr., Safety Director, Turner Construction Company, New York, N. Y.; Robert D. McCall. Manager of Accident Prevention, Construction Industry Advancement Program, PittsborghjPa.: Hugh J. McRae, Asst Secy. Building Construc tion Employers' Assn., Chicago, ED.; Francis L. Otto, Construction Specialist, Office of Occupational Safety, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Department ot Labor, Wash ington, D. C-; Alfred L. Peiuni, Jr., Safety Dir., Perini Corp., Framingham, Mass.: Richard E. Sckroeoer, Director, Home Office Engineering Services, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass.; Donald W. Stilwbll, Jr, Safety Supervisor, The Ceco Coip > Chicago, ID.: Gene Wasserman, Safety Director, Wexler Construction Company, Inc., Newton Highlands, Mass.; (`Robert A. Wendell, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Array Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Atlanta, Ga.; Jack Wilkinson, Director, Education, Welfare A Safety, Laborers' International Union of North America-AFL-CIO, Washington, D. C.; Erwin N. Ziner, Project Manager, Ccorge B. H. Maoomber Co., (Allston Station) Boston, Mass. .. . Heavy--"Dan C. Christie, (Chairman), President, The Christie Co., Sacramento, Calif.; James R. Milor (Vice Chairman), Safety Manager, H. K. Ferguson Co., Cleveland, Ohio; 1`George E.. Aro, Safety Engineer, United Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.; John Barker, Safety Supervisor, The Ralph M. Poisons po., Los Angeles, Calif.; Carlyle F. Bunn, Chief, Safety Branch, U S. Army Engineer District Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo.; C. M. Cahill, Safety Engineer, Massman Construction Co., Kansas City, Mo.; Fred S. Cameron, Safety Supervisor, Ebasco Services, Inc., New York, N. i.; Jack Chambers, At Johnson Construction Oo., Minneapolis, Minn.; Wayne L. Christensen, Insurance Manager A Safety Director, The Rust Engineering Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Jack R. Duncan, Director of Industrial Relations. Taimer Bros. Contracting- Co., Phoenix, Aril.; (Neil E. GarbeR, Consultant, Hinsdale, HL: W. E. Hargrove, Safety Engr., Engineering Design and Construction, Tennessee Valley Au thority; 'Knoxville, Tenn.; W. M. Hoxlk, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engineer Div., New England. Waltham, Mass.; D. F. Huddleston, Senior Accident Prevention Officer, The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ont, Canada.; Joseph F. 59 Hdntmam, Construction Specialist Employers Mutuals of Wausau. River Forest, III.; Clayton C. Kilpatrick, Safety Engineering Supervisor, Port of New Toil Authority, World Trndo Center, New Yonc, N. Y.; A. R. Klasiiak, Manager of Safety, HunldnConbsy Construction Co., Cleveland. Ohio; Howard S. Latham, Chief Safety Engineer, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.: Dale Marr, Vice Pies.-, Safety Director, Operat ing Engrs., Local Union 3, San Francisco. Calif.; Robert ). Massman, Safety Engineer, Manman Construction Co., Kansas City. Mo.; C. Russell Mattson, Manager Accident Prevention. Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; William B. Murfht, Chief Samv Office, Chief of Engineers, Department of tbo Army, Washington, D. C.; Cmww R. Nelson, Safety Supervisor, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Boston, Mast.- J, R. O'Neill, Safety Supvr., The Fluor Coin. Ltd., Los Angeles, Calif.; Eric L. toilet, Pedley-Knowles & Co., San Francisco, Calif.; Clotf A. Peterson, Director of Safety, Vinnell Corp., Alhambra, Calif.; Frank Roberts, Industrial Relations Manager, Dravo Corp., Bellevue, Wash.; Arthuh L. ScHMuta, Director, Safety and Training Division, The Associated General Contractors of America. Inc., Washington, D. C.; Thomas }. Seymour, Safety Engineer, Tennessee Volley Authority, Knoxvillo, Term.; Lee D. Tract, Director, Loss Control, Ingram Corps New Orleans, La.; Jacob J. Veatch, Chief, Safety Office U. S. Army Engineers Division, Missouri River, Omaha, Neb.; O. C. Wakefield, Chief, Safety Office, St Paul District, Coins of Engineers, U. S. Army, St Paul, Minn.; J*Earl W. Wheeler, Safety Engineer, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Navy Department, Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. White, Chief, Safety Office, Chicago Dis trict Corps of Engineers, Chicago, UL; Jerome J. Williams, Director of Safety, Morrisoo-Knudsen Co., Inc., Wise, Idaho; James R. York, Safety Engineer, Garden B. Hall, Inc., Danville, Calu. _ / ' Highway--f'Donald W. Dodson (Chairman), Manager, Engineering Dept, Aetna Casualty ' & Surety Co., Chicago, UL; Eucene W. Robbinb (Vice-Chairman), Managing Director, Contractors Division, American Road Builders' Association, Washington, D. C.; Homer F. Clark, Safety Officer, Department of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roods, Washington, D. C.; Raymond R. Crowe, Director of Safety, Western Pennsylvania Heavy & Highway Construction Industry Advancement Program Fund. Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. Montgomery Farhar, Director of Education & Training, Virginia Road Builders Assn., Richmond. Va.; Leonard Freed, Ohio Contractors Assn., Columbus, Ohio; Dave Cabrielson, Safety Director, Johnson Bros. Constructors. Inc.. Litchfield. Minn..- Philip A. Havet, Supt., Home Office Engineering, The Hartford Insurance Croup, Hartford. Conn.; Dale R. Medsker, Dale Medsker A Associates, Inc.. Atlanta, Ga.; Warren R. Mendel, Engi neering and Grading Contractors Assn, of California, Los Angeles, Calif.; Charles R. Nelson. Safety Supervisor, Warren Bros. Co., Cambridge. Mass.; Robert O. Nimmo, Safety Director, Peter Kiewit Sow', Inc., Omaha, Ncbr.; Rot H. Olson. Safety Engi neering Consultant, Michigan Mutual Liability Co.. Lansing, Mich.; James A. Ramsey, In.. Safety Director. Western Contracting Corp., Sioux Citv. Iowa; W. B. Salzman, ^.Milburn Brothers, Inc.. Mount Prospect, HI.; Robert E. Vercte. Asst Mgr. Pacific Regional Engineering Dept, Fireman's Fond American Insurance Companies, San Fran cisco, Calif. Home Budding-IMRobert L. Moore (Chairman), Assistant Secretary, Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, ID.: Nelson B. Nissen (Vice-Chairman), Chief Safety. Engineer, Argonaut Insurance, Menlo Park, Calif.; Frank R. Dwyer. Mgr., Engineering Dept.. Reliance Insurance Cos.. San Francisco, Calif.; Clement J. Luevke. Consultant, East St Louis, IH.; Wm. P. Youncclaus, Jr., Managing-Director, The National Re modelers Association, New York, N. Y. Spectaltu-'T. J. Laskowskt (Chairman), Safety & Claims Supervisor. Transit Insurance Administrators, San Francisco, Calif.: fMartin F. Mulhall (Vice-Chairman), Manager, Safotv Ensineering Dept, Fred S. James & Co.. Chicago. ID.; Vincent D. AdBuchon, Director. Field Safety, Nooter Corp.. St Louis, Mo.; C. A. Beane. Asst Sales Manager, Fibre Metal Products Co., Chester, Pa.; Rat L. Beeler. Director of Legbtrative Affairs, The Associated General Contractors of America, Inc.. Salem, Ore.; Raymond W. Brandt, Director Safety Services, OTtourkc & Company, Inc., Fort Wavne, Ind.; Archer W. Brown. Chief Engr., American Hoist & Derrick Co.. St. Paul, Minn.: Alan F. Burch, Safety Director, International Union-of Operating Engineers, AFL-CIO, Washington, D. C.; Fred A. Campbell, Insurance Manager, J. F. Pritchard & Co., Kansas City. Mo.; It J. DouchkrW, Corporate Director of Safety, Steams-Roger Corp., Denver. Colo.; Bernte M. Enfield. Safety & Training Director, Chicago Bridge & Iren Co., Oak Brook, IT.; JCehard 0. Cjuffin, Manager, Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; 90 / Charles J. Hart, Secretary, Codes fle Standards Comm., National Electrical Contractors' Assn, Inc, Washington, D. C.; (Robert L. Jenkins, Consultant, Potomac, Mcl.; Waroie W. Kmc, Chief. Safety Office. U. S. Army Engineer Division, North Pacific, Portland, Oregon; Joint V; O'Brien, Safety Snpv. Ac Labor Relations Repr, Bechtel Corporation, San Frandsoo, Calif.; Henry T. Perse, Editor, Construction Methods & Equipment, New York, N. Y.; Alan Reed, Manager, Product Engineering, Daniel Woodkead Co, Chicago, UL; Robert C. Rknfhob, Chairman of the Board, J. C. Renfrew Ac Sons, Inc, Jadcsonvfllo, Fla.; C. J. Samson, General Manager, Construction Safety Associations of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; A. J. Scaedino, Safety Director, Jahndce Service, New Orleans, La.; John C. Sellers, Safety Engineer, Combustion Engineering, Inc, Windsor, Conn.; Hunter P. Wharton, General President, International Union of Oper ating Engineers, Washington, D. C.; Stephen R. Whited, Regional Sales Mgr, E. D. Bullard Co, Barrington, 111.; Victor E. Wbttehouse, Director of Safety, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Washington, D. C.; E. L. Wilson, General Supervisor of Safety, American Bridge Div, U. S. Steel Carp-, Pittsburgh, Pa. STANDING COMMITTEES Program Committee-W. C. Bryson, Coordinator: Co^hainncn: C. P. Sparreil (Build ing), Lee D. Tracy (Heavy), E. W. Robbins (Highway), M. F. Mulhall (Specialty). Membership Committee-H. V, Carviu (Chairman), B. A. Cole, Dan C. Christie, D. W. Domon, T. J. Laskowski, Robert L. Moore. Newsletter Committee--R. M. Enfield, Editor. Health Committee--Clark B. Schwartz, iln. (Chairman), Employers Mutuals of Wausau, River Forest, 111.; Edward L. McGrecor, General Sales Manager, Uni/Flo* Div, Medi cal Supply .Co, Rockford, 111.; Robert D. Mulhall, Manager, Western District, Welsh ' Manufacturing Co, Saratoga, Calif.; Jane T. Sloane, r.n. Construction Nurse, G. K. Newherg Construction Co, Chicago, IB.; Jean R. Welsh, r.n. Construction Nurse, Haitnett-Shaw & Associates, Chicago, IIL Research Committee-P. A. Havkt (Chairman). -% Public Relations Commtttee-Hvmm P. Wharton (Chairman). Training Committee-Arthur L. Schmuhl (Chairman). Visual Aids Commfttce-R. J. Doucherty (Chairman). Standards Committee-Dan C. Christie (Chairman). Special Prelects Committee--Wm. B. Murphy (Chairman], Off-the-Job Committee-Paul H. Conneuet (Chairman). Nominating Committee-E. W. Wheeler (Chairman), GEoncs E. Aro, Frederick H. Deec, Rjobert L. Moore, Robert A. Wendell. Honorary Life Members-R. J.,Behley, Cl M. Cahux. . Staff Represeniattoe-Ctvwixs J. Popke, Jr, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago, Illinois 606il. (Past General Chairmen 'Administrative Committee (Task Force . - :01