Document 10vG1eyV5odmxe50E4d493mdo

Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (NJ00666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page i o f iv Quality Assurance Project Plan for Empirical Human Exposure Assessment Multi-City Study Sampling Task To May 14,1999 Prepared by Battelle 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 (781) 934-0571 APPROVALS Sampling Task Leader Rosanna Buhl Battelle Sampling Task QA Officer __f l / ; JtjJy/,ATJl& Marcia Nishioka * Battelle Project Manager Susan bbgy Battelle Program QA Officer Date Date q n /n Date s litto Date Date Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Joseph Fiksel Marcia Nishioka Suan Abbgy Donald Gunster Rosanna Buhl Wayne Trulli Scott Macomber Chris Gagnon Kelly Irizarry Robert Mandeville Richard Restucci Kim Andrews Distribution List BACK TO MAIN Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page ii o f v BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page iii o f v CONTENTS 1. PROJECT NAME................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. REQUESTED BY ................................................................................................................................................ 1 3. DATE OF REQUEST.................................................................................................. ......................................1 4. DATE OF INITIATION...................................................................................................................................... 1 5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................................. 1 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) MANAGEMENT...........................................................................................1 7. PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................2 7.1 Background............................................................................................................................................................. 2 7.2 objectives..................................................................................................................................................................2 7.3 Technical Approach............................................................................................................................................. 3 7.3.1 Permissions..................................................................................................................................................... 7 7.3.2 Precautions..................................................................................................................................................... 8 7.3.3 Sampling Locations within Each City.......................................................................................................... 8 7.3.4 Air Sampling...................................................................................................................................................9 7.3.5 Water Sampling............................................................................................................................................. 9 7.3.6 Sediment Sampling from Municipal Water Source................................................................................. 10 7.3.7 POTW Sampling......................................................................................................................................... 10 7.3.8 Landfill Leachate Sampling........................................................................................................................ 10 7.3.9 Food Sampling.................................................................................... 10 7.3.10 Finfish.......................................................................................................................................................... 10 8. SCHEDULE OF MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES............................................................................11 9. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBLITIES...............................................................................................11 9.1 PROJECT PERSONNEL.............................................................................................................................................. 11 9.2 Training................................................................................................................................................................... 12 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................13 10.1 Accuracy............................................................................................................................................................14 10.2 Precision..............................................................................................................................................................14 10.3 Representativeness......................................................................................................................................... 14 10.4 Comparability................................................................................................................................................... 14 10.5 Completeness..................................................................................................... 15 11. SAMPLING PROCEDURES...........................................................................................................................15 11.1 Documentation and Shipping........................................................................................................................15 11.1.1 Sampling Logs............................................................................................................................................ 15 11.1.2 Sample Shipping........................................................................................................................................ 15 11.1.3 Sampling Location....................................................................................................................................... 15 11.1.4 Sampling Labeling....................................................................................................................................... 17 11.2 Urban Air ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 11.2.1 PUF and Filter Preparation.................................................................................................................... 17 11.2.2 Air Sample Collection.................................................................................................................................17 11.2.3 Air Quality Control Samples................................................................................................................... 19 11.2.4 Air Sample Shipment..................................................................................................................................19 11.3 Drinking Water..................................................................................................................................................19 11.3.1 Surface-Water Collection.........................................................................................................................20 11.3.2 Water Quality Control Samples................................................................................................................ 20 11.3.3 Water Sample Shipment............................................................................................................................. 20 11.4 Sediment from Drinking-Water Source.................................................................................................... 20 11.4.1 Sediment Sample Collection......................................................................................................................20 11.4.2 Sediment Quality Control..........................................................................................................................21 11.4.3 Sediment Sample Shipping.........................................................................................................................21 BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page iv ofv 11.5 Publicly-Owned Treatment Wo r k s........................................................................................................... 21 11.5.1 POTW Sample Collection.......................................................................................................................... 21 11.5.2 POTW Quality Control.............................................................................................................................. 22 11.5.3 POTW Sample Shipping............................................................................................................................ 22 11.6 Landfill Leacheate...........................................................................................................................................22 11.7 FOOD.............................................................................................................................. 22 11.7.1 Meat and Fish..............................................................................................................................................23 11.7.1.1 Fresh Meat Products..................................................................................................................................23 11.7.1.2 Processed Meat Products............................................................................................................................ 23 11.7.1.3 Fish........................................................................................................................................................... 23 11.7.2 Dairy and Eggs........................................................................................................................................... 24 11.7.3 Produce....................................................................................................................................................... 24 11.7.3.1 Frozen vegetables....................................................................................................................................... 24 11.7.3.2 Fresh produce.............................................................................................................................................24 11.7.4 Bread................................................................................................ 24 11.7.4.1 White bread.............................................................................................................................................. 24 11.7.4.2 Organically produced bread.........................................................................................................................24 11.8 Fish Other than Food......................................................................................................................................25 11.8.1 Finfish (Electrofishing)................................................................................................................................ 25 11.8.1.1 Method...................................................................................................................................................... 25 11.8.1.2 Data recorded............................................................................................................................................ 25 11.8.1.3 Special Precautions.............. 26 12. SAMPLE CUSTODY........................................................................................................................................ 26 12.1 Evidentiary Chain of Custody......................... 26 12.2 Sample Shipping................................................................................................................................................ 27 13. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES, REFERENCES, AND FREQUENCY.................................................. 27 13.1 PS-1 Air Sampler.............................................................................................................................................. 27 13.2 12XL Global Positioning System........................................ 27 14. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES..................................................................................................................... 28 15. DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING........................................................................ 28 16. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS AND FREQUENCY......................................................... 28 17. QUALITY ASSURANCE PERFORMANCE AUDITS, SYSTEM AUDITS, AND FREQUENCY....... 28 18. QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT....................................................................... 28 19. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES.................................................... 29 19.1 Air Sampler........................................................................................................................................................29 19.2 Global Positioning System...........................................................................................................................29 19.3 Young Grab Sampler.......................................................................................................................................29 19.4 Fish Measuring Apparatus..............................................................................................................................29 20. CALCULATION OF DATA QUALITY INDICATORS.............................................................................. 29 21. CORRECTIVE ACTION.................................................................................................................................29 22. REPORTS..........................................................................................................................................................30 23. REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................30 TABLES Table 1. FC Residuals for Analysis.................................................................................................................. 3 Table 2. Study and Control Cities for Baseline Study.................................................................................... 3 Table 3. Sample Types, Sampling Devices, and Sample Volumes............................................................... 4 BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page v o f v Table 4. Sample Types and Numbers at Sampling Locations within Each City..........................................5 Table 5. QC Samples by M atrix....................................................................................................................... 6 Table 6. Standard Operating Procedures......................................................................................................... 7 Table 7. Milestones and Deliverables........................................................................................................... 11 Table 8. Key Personnel, Addresses, and Telephone Numbers.................................................................... 13 Table 9. Sample Containers, Storage Conditions, and Shipping.................................................................16 FIGURES Figure 9-1 Project Organization Chart for the Empirical Human Exposure Assessment MultiCity St u d y .................................................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 11-1. PS-1 Sampling He a d ...................................................................................................................................18 APPENDICES Appendix A: Appendix B: Appendix C: Multi-City Study Survey Plan Examples of Requests for Permissions Sampling Forms Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) '_________________ BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page 1 o f 30 1. PROJECT NAME Empirical Human Exposure Assessment Multi-City Sampling Task 2. REQUESTED BY 3. DATE OF REQUEST January 1999 4. DATE OF INITIATION February 15,1999 5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Ms. Marcia Nishioka, Battette Program Manager Mr. Donald Gunster, Battelle Sampling Task Leader 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) MANAGEMENT Ms. Susan Abbgy, Battelle Program QA Officer Ms. Rosanna Buhl, Battelle Sampling Task QA Officer BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 2 o f 30 7. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7.1 Background In the 1950's, surfactants and bath additives based upon perfluorooctyl sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) began limited introduction. Diversification o f the POSF-based chemistry in the 1960's and 1970's led to the discovery and introduction o f numerous N-methyl orN-ethyl perfluorooctyl sulfonamido ethyl alcoholbased (FOSE) chemicals. The FOSE-based fluorochemicals (FC) were incorporated into textiles, food packaging, and carpets to impart specific properties related to stain, moisture, and fit resistance. Although the number, chemical diversity, and range o f applications o f FC are quite extensive, all formulations share some similarities. All formulations have trace levels o f several impurities in common: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), N-ethyl (or N-methyl) perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtFOSA), and N-ethyl (or Nmethyl) perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethyl alcohol (N-EtFOSE alcohol). In addition, the results o f current metabolism studies suggest that all formulation FCs undergo some limited degradation to PFOS, NEtFOSAmide (or N-MeFOSAmide) and N-EtFOSE alcohol (or N-MeFOSE alcohol) in humans and in the environment, via microbial and/or enzymatic mechanisms. Recent chemical analyses o f pooled human blood samples and selected analyses of biota samples from diverse regions o f the United States have shown a general consistency in the detection rate and detected levels o f PFOS there in. Because PFOS is unique to FCs, PFOS may be distributed in the greater environment as a result o f the use and disposition o f products containing FCs. Though limited, the data suggest that increasing levels o f PFOS in human blood parallel the introduction and volume/use o f FCs. It is unknown whether the PFOS in human blood is due to FC exposures in the residence from the use o f products, or to the slow bioaccumulation o f FC in the food web due to widespread dispersion of FCs through multiple sources. Several hypotheses are considered to understand the life cycle o f FCs in the environment. Dispersion o f FC from sources results in long range transport via air and water. Effluent discharges, industrial spills, urban surface runoff and fire-fighting foam contribute FCs to surface water bodies. FCs in surface water can affect all aspects o f the human diet: local drinking water and fish, and all agricultural products that rely indirectly on that water (meat and dairy, fruits/vegetables, and grains). Leachates from solid wastes percolate into groundwater and ultimately contribute FCs to some , drinking water sources, surface water and eventually fish. Direct air deposition o f FCs to food chain constituents and air deposition o f FCs to surface waters contributes FCs to human food commodities. The FC levels in and around cities associated with FC production and use will be higher than the levels in and around cities where there is only general population use o f such products. 7.2 Objectives This project provides the foundation for all subsequent exposure assessment studies that the client will need to conduct. The initial focus will be the assessment, development and/or validation o f analytical methods for representative FC in environmental media. This task will also assemble baseline information about the distribution o f FC in selected media that represent environmental dispersion from a source and bioaccumulation in the human food chain. The objective o f the sampling task is to collect representative samples for trace-level analysis o f FC residuals (Table 1) to assess sources, dispersion in the environment and human exposure via the food chain. Samples will be collected from 12 cities: major FC production facilities or FC-users are present in BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (NI00666) _________________________________________________________Page 3 o f 30 Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 the six "study" cities (Table 2), and the six "control" cities are matched to the "study" cities by general geographic location, population, and type o f water supply for drinking water. Table 1. FC Residuals for Analysis Polar anions PFOS PFOSAA M-556 PFOSA POAA Moderately polar neutrals N-EtFOSE Amide/N-MeFOSE Amide N-EtFOSE Alcohol/N-MeFOSE Alcohol N-EtFOSE Chloride/N-MeFOSE Chloride N-EtFOSEA/ N-MeFOSEA Table 2. Study and Control Cities for Baseline Study Group* W ater Source Study or City Control High Middle High 1 High 2 Middle 1 Middle 2 Ground Ground Surface Surface Surface Surface Study Control Study Control Study Control Study Control Study Control Study Control Pensacola Port St. Lucie Kaukauna Englewood Dalton Greeneville Decatur Cleveland Mobile Columbus Spartansburg Bowling Green 'Defined by the ratio of FC production or useage:population State FL FL WI OH GA TN AL TN AL GA SC KY 1990 Census Population 58,165 55,866 11,982 11,432 21,761 13,532 48,761 30,354 196,278 178,681 43,467 40,641 7.3 Technical Approach This quality assurance project plan (QAPP) (Revision 0) is intended to comply with the requirements for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) protocols defined in 40 CFR Part 792 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); Good Laboratory Practice Standards; Final Rule (July 1, 1998) to the extent possible at this point in the program. The types o f samples, sample volumes (or weights) and sampling devices are summarized in Table 3. The total numbers o f samples o f each type, collected at each site, are listed in Table 4. This listing provides an indication o f the type o f sample analysis intended for that sample with analysis being either analysis for the polar anions (P), the moderately polar neutrals (N), or Total PFOS. This table also indicates the number o f samples that will be collected o f each type and/or at each location to provide necessary field and lab QC samples. The QC samples are outlined specifically in Table 5, and the level of BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 4 o f 30 Table 3. Sample Types, Sampling Devices, and Sample Volumes Sample type Sampling Device Volume or Amount collected p er sample Drinking Water Surface Water source Sample bottle8 1 L from each location; bulk (3 locations ~ 500 ft apart) water, not surface Sediment from surface water source Grab sampler or scoop 200 g from top 2 cm (3 locations, match w/ water sample) Plant intake Sample bottle 1L Treated water from plant Sample bottle 1L Tap water from retail establishment Sample bottle 1L (from 3 locations in city) Microlayer from surface waterb Sample plate 1L Water from groundwater sourceb Sample bottle 1L Publicly-Owned Treatment W orks (POTW) Post-chlorination influent (if Sample bottle 1L available) Sludge Scoop 200 g Effluent Sample bottle 1L Landfill Leachate Sample bottle 1L Urban Air Particulates (glass fiber filter) Vapor (polyurethane foam General Metal Works Model PS-1 air sampler 12 h at 250 L/min 12 h at 250 L/min cartridge) Local Food Supply Ground beef (3 stores) Store packaging 1 lb Pork chops with bone (3 stores) Store packaging 1 lb (~ 2 chops) Boneless, skinless chicken breast Store packaging 1 lb (1 whole breast) (3 stores) Pork-and-beef hot dogs Store packaging 1 lb (1 package) (3 stores) Regional fish (3 stores) Store packaging 1 lb (filleted) Eggs (3 stores) Store packaging 6 large Whole milk in plastic or cardboard Store packaging 1 qt container (3 stores) White bread (3 stores) Store packaging 1 loaf Frozen green beans in plastic bag Store packaging lpkg (3 stores) Fresh apples (3 stores) Store packaging 1 lb (at least 2 apples) Organic bread or flour (1 store) Store packaging 1 lb or 1 loaf Fish Finfish (electroshock) from surface Smith-Root Type VII 3 fish water source (above) backpack shocker (a) Sample bottles win be ESE precleaned, certified polyethylene bottles (b) Not planned for Multi-City Study BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 5 o f 30 Table 4. Sam ple Types and N um bers at Sam pling Locations at Each City Analysis for Site 1 Sample Sample Volume Analysis for Matrix S lte l Site 2 Site 3 Sites 2&3 Samples Surface Sample: P&N residuals (P & N) 1L IL IL P& N Water Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) 1L (one water Field duplicate & laboratory duplicate: P 1L body) Field spike: P&N 1L Laboratory spike: P&N 1L Field Blank: P & N Field Blank: Total PFOS Sediment Samples and laboratory QC (no field spike): P & N; 200 g 200 g 200 g P&N; Total PFOS Total PFOS Field Blank: P & N Field Blank: Total PFOS Drinking Sample: P&N IL water Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) 1L (plant Field duplicate & laboratory duplicate: P IL influent) Field spike: P&N IL Laboratory spike: P&N 1L Field Blank: P & N Drinking Sample: P&N IL water Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) IL (plant Field duplicate &laboratory duplicate: P IL outflow) Field spike: P&N IL Laboratory spike: P&N IL Tap water Sample: P&N IL IL IL P&N (retail outlet) Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) 1L Field duplicate & laboratory duplicate: P IL Field spike: P&N IL Laboratory spike: P&N IL Field Blank: P & N Landfill Samples and laboratory QC (no field spikes): P & IL leachate N; Total PFOS Field Blank: P & N POTW Sample and laboratory duplicate: P & N IL influent Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) 1L POTW Samples and laboratory QC (no field spikes): P & 200 g sludge N; Total PFOS Field Blank: P & N POTW Sample and laboratory duplicate: P&N 1L effluent Sample: Total PFOS (in duplicate) IL Field duplicate: P & N Field spike: P & N 1L Laboratory spike: P & N 1L Field Blank: P & N Urban air Sample: P&N Filter/PUF Field spike- no air Filter/PUF Field Blank: P & N Filter/PUF Food Samples and laboratory QC Ail Ail Ail P&N; Total PFOS (no field blanks/field spikes): P & N; Total PFOS Finfish Sample and laboratory QC Organic flour Samples and laboratory QC 1 lb (no field blank/field spike): P & N; Total PFOS Trip Blank MilliQ water: P & N 1L Trip Blank MilliQ water: Total PFOS IL P= polars: PFOS, POAA, PFOSA, PFOSAA, M556; N= neutrals: Et/Me of FOSE-OH, FOSE-C1, FOSE-Amide BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 6 o f 30 Table 5. QC Samples by M atrix Matrix and Analysis Type Field Sites Field Rep Lab Reps Spikes Field Lab Field Field Spike Cone. Blank Surface Water P&N 3 Total PFOS 1 Sediment 1 d ) a 1 1 1 100 ng/L 0 (1) 00 1 P&N 3 Total PFOS (?) Drinking Water (influent) 0 0 (3)" 0 (1) 1 (3) 0 (1) 1 P&N 1 Total PFOS 1 Drinking Water (outflow) P&N 1 Total PFOS 1 Tap Water 1 0 1 0 (1) 1 1 1 100 ng/L (1) 00 0 (1) 11 0 100 ng/L (1) 00 0 P&N 3 Total PFOS 1 Landfill Leachate 1 (1) 1 1 1 100 ng/L 0 (1) 00 0 P&N 1 Total PFOS 0 ) POTW (influent) 0 (3) 0 (1) 1 0 (3) 0 (1) 0 P&N Total PFOS POTW sludge P&N Total PFOS POTW (effluent) 1 1 1 (1) 0 (1) 00 0 0 (1) 00 0 0 (3) 0 (1) 1 0 (3) 0 (1) 0 P&N Total PFOS Urban Air P&N 1 1 1 (1) (1) 1 1 1 1000 ng/L 0 (1) 00 0 0 0 10 1 Filter: 100 ng PFOS &POAA PUF: 100 ng Et- & -Me-FOSE-OH Total PFOS 0 0 0 00 0 Food (including finfish) P & N 3" 0 (1)" 0 (1) 0 Total PFOS (3)' 0 (Dd 0 (1) 0 "Numbers in parentheses indicate samples that will be created from splits or aliquots in the laboratory. `'Triplicate analysis of one sediment sample. "Organic flour at one site, only. dDuplicate analysis of the fish samples. P= polare: PFOS, POAA, PFOSA, PFOSAA, M556; N= neutrals: Et/Me of FOSE-OH, FOSE-C1, FOSE-Amide Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) _____________________ BACK TO MAIN Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 7 o f 30 each field QC spike addition is listed also. SOPs are listed in Table 6, and the methods are summarized in this QAPP. The analytical QAPP will be provided under separate cover. Table 6. Standard O perating Procedures SOP Title Collection and Handling of Air Samples for the Multi-Cities Project Collection and Handling of W ater Samples for the Multi-Cities Project Spiking Field Samples for the M ulti-Cities Project Assigning Sample IDs for the M ulti-Cities Project Collection and Handling o f Sediment Samples for the Multi-Cities Project GPS Operation and Calibration (draft) Sample Shipping for the M ulti-Cities Project Sample Custody SOP No. M3-F-1 M3-F-2 M3-F-4 M3-F-6 M3-F-7 Battelle 3-164 Battelle 5-210 Battelle 6-010 An outline of the survey plan that will describe all sampling logistics is provided in Appendix A. 7.3.1 Permissions Following an initial Internet search, a list of municipal officials for each target city was compiled. Phone calls were made to initiate contact with the officials and assess who is responsible for granting permissions for the collection of environmental samples. Once determined, this person was informed of the nature of the project and the nature of the samples that we would like to collect (i.e., treated water, sludge, or leachate). Following the phone conversation, a written letter of request to collect a sample was faxed to the municipal official. The letter was then taken under consideration and a decision was issued from the municipal official as to whether or not we can conduct the sampling. The collection of an atmospheric sample using EPA method TO-13 (EPA 1990) (SOP M3-F-1) requires that the sampler run continuously for twelve hours. To collect this sample we have decided to enlist the assistance of local fire departments for the placement of the sampler. The rational for the use of fire stations is that they are constantly manned and therefore provide secure areas where the sampler will not be subject to interference. The same method for attaining approval from other municipal facilities was employed for the fire stations. This also included an offer to donate $50 to a local charity of the departments' choice. If a donation is needed, then the appropriate approvals must be secured in advance so the donation can be presented when sampling is initiated. Based on the confidential nature of the study being conducted the following information may or may not be discussed with the municipal officials. Information that MAY be revealed to the officials includes: We are seeking to collect various matrices including POTW influent, effluent, and sludge; raw drinking water, treated drinking water and sediment from the surface water body (if applicable); landfill leachate; and atmospheric samples These samples are being collected and analyzed to support a life cycle analysis that is being conducting for a confidential client. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) _________________________ Revision No.: / Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 8 of 30 The chemicals of interest are NOT listed as regulated pollutants or carcinogens by EPA. The results of these tests will be reported to our client and only under extenuating circumstances would a disclosure of the results be contemplated Information that MAY NOT be revealed to the officials includes: Who the client is What chemical we are looking What the chemical is used for What the nature of the chemical is (chemical class or structure) These formal requests were made to the various facilities within a given municipality in February and March 1999. Generally the wastewater treatment plant, the drinking water plant, and the landfill required separate requests. These facilities will again be contacted to confirm the permissions granted during the Winter and to establish a sampling schedule based on the matrices to be collected. If an approval is denied, then an alternative site may be sought to collect a sample that is representative of the required matrix. Examples of Requests for Permissions are provided in Appendix B. Communication logs are maintained and include who was contacted and topics discussed. Any discussion related to data reporting will be clearly documented and summarized in a letter to the client's legal representative. 7.3.2 Precautions Safety considerations will be incorporated in the Survey Plan. In addition to normal measures taken to avoid sample contamination, such as the of cleaning sampling gear between uses and the use of precleaned sample bottles, the following precautions will be taken to avoid contamination during sample collection. Post-Its will not be used at any time during sample handling, or mobilization/demobilization. Field scientists will wear only old, well laundered (at least 6 washings since purchase) clothing. The use of water-resistant clothing will be avoided as much as possible. Tyvek suits will not be worn during sample handling. - Nitrile gloves will be worn at all times while collecting and handling samples, except in grocery stores and other retail establishments. Many food arid snack products - microwave popcorn, fast-food (sandwiches chicken, French fries) pizza, bakery items, beverages, candy, cookies - are packaged in wrappers treated with the chemicals of interest. Therefore, hands will be thoroughly washed after handling fast food, carryout food, or snacks. Prewrapped foods or snacks (like candy bars) will not be in the possession of the sampling team during sampling. Field personnel may not consume microwave popcorn during the surveys No blue ice will be used during this project 7.3.3 Sampling Locations within Each City The location, including street address, of samples collected from municipal facilities will be recorded on the sampling log. A Garmin 12XL hand-held GPS (global positioning system) or equivalent will be used to determine the exact location (coordinates) at each sample collection location. The position will be read BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (1VI00666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 9 o f 30 from the display and recorded by hand on the Site Log. The unit will be operated according to SOP No. 3-164. Also, each sampling location will be marked on a local map. 7.3.4 Air Sampling; Air sampling will be accomplished by using a General Metal Works Modal PS-1 Air Sampler. The PS-1 sampling head (shown in Attachment 1), which is contained within the sampler, consists o f a 4" diameter inlet filter (made o f Teflon coated glass fiber filter medium) and a 2.3" diameter x 5" glass cartridge containing a PUF, which is 3" in length and fits snugly into the cartridge. The high volume (-2 5 0 1pm) polyurethane foam (PUF) sampling method based on U. S. EPA's Method TO-13 is applicable to measuring ambient air concentrations o f organic components at concentrations from 0.001-50 pg/m3over a 4-24 hour sampling period. The procedure allows for the collection o f the semi-volatile organic chemicals present in the air on a glass-fiber filter (particulate) and PUF (vapor phase). The limits o f detection are specific to the nature o f the analyte and the length o f the sampling period. One 12-hour air sample, consisting o f a particulate fraction collected on a glass fiber filter and a vapor fraction collected on polyurethane foam (PUF), will be collected at each city. Air samples will be collected at ground level at any site for which permission to sample can be obtained is acceptable. Ideally, a fire station should be chosen because it is somewhat secure and usually has personnel on-site 24 h per day. Other locations may include a local college or university, retail establishment, the POTW plant, or drinking water plant if the facility staff are willing to accommodate the sampler. The sampler requires 120 V power, and should not be run if it is raining. Sampling also is not performed if there are consistent high winds (>25 mph). If possible, a copy o f the weather section from the local daily newspaper will be obtained and added to the field log book for the sampling date to document weather conditions. Once the field sample is collected, routine air sampler cleaning is performed and the quality control samples are collected as described in Section 11.2.3. 7.3.5 Water Sampling Water samples will be collected from several points within the municipal drinking water system, as shown below. [Note: Microlayer samples will not be collected during the Multi-City Study but may be collected during subsequent samplings under the program]. Surface Water Municipal Water Treatment Plant Tap Water Whole (bulk) water will be collected from three sites (at least 500 ft apart) within a surface-water source (e.g., lake, pond, reservoir) o f drinking water, and at the water treatment plant influent and outflow. Tap water will be collected from three retail establishments within the city. One-liter water samples will be collected into I-L ESE pre-cleaned (certified) polyethylene sample bottles by either directly placing the container into the water stream, or, if a valve withdrawal system is available, by using the valve. Due to the difficulty in obtaining a true surface sample with a bottle, these samples will be from bulk water to minimize variability due to sampling technique. For the environmental samples (lake, river, reservoir), the bottle will be lowered below the surface o f the water and will be filled with bulk water. Once the field sample is collected the quality control samples are collected as described in Section 11.3.2. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No.: I Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ____________________ ____________________________________________________________Page 10 o f 30 If the drinking water source is ground-water then the surface water samples will be collected from any selected lake, pond, or river, using methods described above. 7.3.6 Sediment Sampling from Municipal Water Source Sediment samples will be collected synoptically with the bulk water from three sites within surface-water sources. The sites will be located at least 500 ft apart. After the water sampling is completed, the sediment will be collected at the same site by using a 0.04-m2Young grab sampler that is hand-deployed. The top 2 cm of sediment will be retained for analysis. Alternatively, a stainless steel spoon or scoop will be used. 7.3.7 POTW Sampling Battelle will provide appropriate sample containers and detailed written instructions to the designated POTW official, who will collect each influent (post-chlorination), sludge, and effluent sample. Battelle will assume custody of the samples and will be responsible for packing and shipping the samples to BCL for analysis. Once the field samples are collected, the quality control samples are collected as described in Section 11.4.2. 7.3.8 Landfill Leachate Sampling Battelle will provide appropriate sample containers to the designated municipal landfill official, who will collect each sample according to detailed written instructions provided by Battelle. Battelle will assume custody of the samples and will be responsible for packing and shipping the samples to BCL for analysis. No industrial landfills will be sampled. 7.3.9 Food Sampling In each city, two or three major grocery-store chains will be identified and representative food samples will be collected from each chain. The intent of this sampling is to determine the dietary exposures of residents within each region based on typical foods consumed. The food products will be collected as listed, and as packaged. For the milk and eggs, the selection of these foodstuffs in the store will be checked to determine whether there are any from regional or local sources, and these will be selected. If there are no local or regional sources, any type is acceptable. The grocery store fish should be representative of a fish that is typically raised or caught in that general region of the U.S. For many of the inland southeastern US cities, this would include catfish. Fish may be fresh or frozen, and should be scaled, filleted, with the head removed. In addition, one organic grocery store in each city will be identified and either a loaf of organic bread or a pound of organically raised flour will be purchased. Each foodstuff will be packaged individually in a zip-seal bag, with bubble wrap if necessary (e.g., for the eggs) for transport. The bag labels will indicate the grocery store from which the food items were purchased. 7.3.10 Finfish Finfish species (i.e., perch and bluegill) will be collected from waterbodies (i.e., small streams or ponds) in the vicinity of the area in which water samples are collected. Finfish will be collected through electrofishing or seining. Electrofishing is a fisheries technique which involves generating a DC or an AC electric current (either with a gasoline-powered generator or batteries) through various styles of electrodes into the water to create an electric field. Fish that pass through the field are stunned, then collected by dipnet. Seining involves encircling a shoreline area with a fine-mesh net and entrapping fish present in this location. (Note: Finfish samples will not be collected during the Multi-City Study but may be collected during subsequent samplings under the program]. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 11 o f 30 8. SCHEDULE OF MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES The schedule of deliverables and milestones is shown in Table 7. Table 7. Milestones and Deliverables Milestone (M) or Deliverable (D) Preliminary analyses from pilot study Client approves Multi-City Study (M) Collect Multi-City Study Samples (M) Team 1 Cleveland, TN Decatur, AL Team Port St. Lucie, FL Pensacola, FL Greenville, TN Bowling Green KY Englewood, OH Kaukauna, WI Mobile, AL Columbus, GA Spartansburg, SC Dalton, GA Sampling ^etter Report for Each City Due Date Dec 98 - Jan 99 Jan 99 May 1999 - June 1999 May 24-25, 1999 May 26-27, 1999 To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. To be determined. 2 weeks after completing each city sampling 9. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBLITIES 9.1 Project Personnel The organization and lines of communication for this project are illustrated in Figure 9.1. Dr. Joseph Fiksel is the Program Manager for this study. Marcia Nishioka, the Project Manager, will be responsible for the coordination and communication with the client, as well as the evaluation of analytical methods, the coordination of the field effort, and the reporting of data. Ms. Susan Abbgy is the Program Quality Sampling Task Assurance Officer. Don Gunster, the Sampling Task Leader, will be responsible for selection of media associated with environmental dispersion, and will coordinate the collection of these samples. Ms. Rosanna Buhl is the Battelle Sampling Task QA Officer, and is responsible for ensuring that all field activities are conducted according to the QAPP. This includes reviewing and approving field SOPs, ensuring that staff training is complete and documented, conducting at least two field inspections, identifying areas for corrective action, and preparing reports to management for this task. She will report quality assurance issues to the Program QA Officer. Mr. Wayne Trulli, the Battelle Duxbury Field Coordinator, and will provide technical guidance to the Sampling Team Leaders. The Sampling Team Leaders, Mr. Scott Macomber (lead) and Mr. Chris Gagnon, will be responsible for all sampling activities, including mobilization, demobilization and reporting. They will also be responsible for identifying problems and corrective action while in the field, and communicating these activities to the Sampling Task Leader, the Duxbury QA Officer, and the Project Manager, as appropriate. Addresses and telephone numbers of key personnel are shown in Table 8. Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Joseph Fiksel Program Manager Marcia Nishioka Project Manager BACK Y MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 12 o f 30 Susan Abbgy Program QA Officer Marcia Nishioka Task Leader Analytical Chemistry Don Gunster Task Leader Field Sampling ( Rosanna Buhl QA Officer Field Sampling Task Figure 9-1. Project Organization Chart for the Empirical Human Exposure Assessment Multi-City Study 9.2 Training No special certifications are required for the performance of this project. A QAPP review meeting will be conducted prior to the first survey to ensure that field personnel are familiar with the requirements o f the QAPP. In addition, field personnel will be trained on each sampling SOP prior to the first survey to ensure that they are familiar with all sampling procedures. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 13 o f 30 Table 8. Key Personnel, Addresses, and Telephone Numbers Name Marcia Nishioka Program Manager Don Gunster Sampling Task Leader Rosanna Buhl Sampling QA Officer Wayne Trulli Duxbury Field Operations Manager Michael Meara Duxbuiy Sample Custodian Scott Macomber Sampling Team Leader Chris Gagnon Sampling Team Leader Kim Andrews Multimedia Chemist Tony Wisbith Air Chemist Dennis Dauble Finfish Sampler Address Battelle Columbus 505 King Avenue Room 5-2-28 Columbus, OH 43201 Battelle Duxbury 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 Battelle Duxbury 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 Battelle Duxbury 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 Battelle Duxbury 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 Battelle Duxbury 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 Battelle Duxbury 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 Battelle Columbus 505 King Avenue Room 11-1-060 Columbus, OH 43201 Battelle Columbus 505 King Avenue Room 6-1-31 Columbus, OH 43201 Battelle Richland 3110 Port of Benton Blvd Richland, WA 99352 ddaublei,Dnl.eov Phone 614-424-4964 (work) 781-952-5378 (work) 781-952-5309 (work) 781-952-5380 (work) 508-888-6652 (home) 781-952-5270 (work) 781-952-5379 (work) 781-952-5325 (work) 614-424-5254 (work) 614-875-3344 (home) 614-424-5481 (work) 740-587-7439 (home) 509-376-8984 (work) 509-375-4903 (home) 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES Requirements for ensuring that the data are fit for their intended use (that is, are o f suitable quality) include accuracy, precision, representativeness, comparability, and completeness. When these requirements are met, the final data product is technically defensible. Data elements for this project are discussed in terms o f the appropriate characteristics as defined below. The field quality control program is designed to provide data to assess field procedures and issues that could affect data quality. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No.: I Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Effective Date: May 14, 1999 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 14 o f 30 10.1 Accuracy Accuracy is the extent of agreement between a measured value and the true value of interest. "Accuracy" of the field activities will be assessed by the collection and analysis of field blanks, trip blanks, field spikes, and through the acceptable calibration of the air sampler and the hand-held GPS. Air sampling field blanks are described in Section 11.2.3. For all other matrices, field blanks will be empty sample containers that are handled as if they were filled with a sample but are actually left capped throughout the sampling process and are not filled with sample. This sample will allow the analysts to assess contamination introduced by the sampling conditions. Trip blanks will be sample containers (one per city) filled with deionized water prior to shipment to the sampling site that are shipped (one per city) from the field to the laboratory and remain unopened until analysis. This sample allows the analysts to assess contamination introduced by sample shipment. Equipment blanks will not be collected, as the only tool to be used (the sampler for sediment samples) will be deployed for only one matrix. The collection of field spike samples is matrix-specific and is described in Section 11. SOP M3F-4 details field sample spiking for the program. The Garmin 12XL GPS unit has a designed positional accuracy of 15 m. The absolute accuracy may be 100 m depending on the level of degradation imposed by the United States Department of Defense. Although detection limit is not strictly applicable to this unit, the minimum detection limit is defined by the digital display: 0.001 minutes or approximately 6 feet. 10.2 Precision Precision is the extent of mutual agreement among independent, similar, or related measurements. Sampling precision will be assessed by the collection and analysis of duplicate samples as indicated in Table 5. 10.3 Representativeness Representativeness is the extent to which measurements represent true systems. The representativeness of all the data generated under this QAPP depend primarily upon the selection of the sampling sites and matrices, which were determined by initial program studies conducted prior to the initiation of the Multi City Study. Representativeness of the field procedures will be ensured through the use of documented, standard sampling methods and trained field staff. 10.4 Comparability Comparability is the extent to which data from one study can be compared directly to similar studies. The comparability of all the data generated under this QAPP depends to some extent upon the selection of the sampling sites and matrices, which were determined by initial program studies conducted prior to the initiation of the Multi-City Study. Comparability is ensured through the use of standard sampling procedures. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 15 o f 30 10.5 Completeness Completeness is the measure o f the amount o f data acquired versus the amount o f data required to Fulfill the statistical criteria for the intended use o f the data. The Multi-City Study is intended to develop a baseline o f data against which future sampling efforts can be designed. Sampling will be conducted at every site where permission has been granted; the completion goal is 100% but the project goals will not be compromised if 80% o f the intended samples are collected. Sampling will continue at each site even if not all samples can be collected as planned. Further, sampling will be conducted at one site (study or control) even if the site pair (study or control) cannot be sampled. 11. SAMPLING PROCEDURES 11.1 Documentation and Shipping All documentation will follow SOP 6-017: data will be recorded in ink; pencil, erasable pen, and whiteout will not be used. All raw data will be recorded in real time and will be maintained as part o f the project files. Errors will be corrected by drawing a single line through the incorrect entry so that the original data are still readable. An explanation will accompany each cross-out, which will be initialed and dated at the time o f die entry. 11.1.1 Sampling Logs A 3-ring Field Sampling Logbook will be maintained by each field team. All documentation o f field activities will be maintained in the Logbook. A Site Log will be completed for each sampling location. A separate sampling form will be completed for each matrix sampled at a site. The sheets will include all site sampling information: sampling date, sample collector (and recorder, if different), sampling location, sample description (attach grocery receipts to document purchases), and any other pertinent information. Examples o f sampling forms are provided in Appendix C. 11.1.2 Sample Shipping All samples will be shipped via overnight (morning) delivery to Ms. Kim Andrews at the address shown in Table 8 and according to the specifications listed in Table 9. Each cooler will contain the sampling forms, which include a Chain o f Custody section. These forms identify sample being shipped. Sample labeling procedures are described in Section 11.1.4. Sample shipping is described in SOP 5-210. 11.1.3 Sampling Location Sample locations will be determined during telephone contacts with Municipal officials. The site coordinates will be determined at every location using a Garmin GPS 12XL Personal Navigator or equivalent hand-held global positioning system (GPS) unit. The unit will be operated according to Battelle SOP No. 3-164; the sample site coordinates will be recorded on the sampling form. r BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) _ Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page 16 o f 30 Table 9. Sample Containers, Storage Conditions, and Shipping Sample Source and Type Sample Containers Preservation and Storage Conditions Particulate phase Vapor phase Surface-water source Plant intake Treated water from plant Tap water from retail establishment Sediment from surface-water source POTW Post-chlorination influent Sludge Effluent Leachate Ground beef Pork chops (bone in) Boneless, skinless chicken breasts Poik-and-beef hot dogs Regional fish Eggs Whole milk White bread Frozen green beans Fresh apples Organic bread or flour Finfish (bluegill or perch) (electroshock) Urban Air Glass fiber filter Place filter in zip-lock bag, seal. Store cool (4 C) Polyurethane foam Wrap cartridge in precleaned foil. Place wrapped sorbent cartridge in zip-lock bag and wrap in bubblewrap. Store cool (4 C) Drinking Water 1-L precleaned No preservation. Store cool (4 C) (certified) polyethylene jars 200ml precleaned (certified) polyethylene jars Store cool (4 C) 1-L precleaned (certified) Store cool (4 C) polyethylene jars Landfill Store cool (4 C) Local Food Keep each item in its Store cool (4 C) original container, and keep items separated in store- specific coolers. Fish Methanol rinsed aluminum foil; plastic bags. Store cool (4 C) Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 17 o f 30 11.1.4 Sampling Labeling Matrix and sample-specific sampling forms will be prepared by the program manager for each sampling site. The forms will also serve as custody forms. Each form will include a list o f the samples that must be collected at the site (site replicates, field duplicates, field spikes, etc). Two preprinted labels will be provided for each sample to be collected. One label is placed on the sample container and the other is placed in the field log book. The labels provide a narrative description o f the sample as well as a unique number, which is documented on the sampling forms. Appendix 3 provides example sampling forms for one city. SOP M3-F-6 describes the assignment o f unique sample IDs for this project. 11.2 Urban Air 11.2.1 PUF and Filter Preparation PUF and air filters are precleaned in Battelle's air analysis laboratory. The PUF will be cleaned by Soxhlet extraction wilh dichloromethane (DCM) for 16 hours and dried with a nitrogen gas stream. The PS-1 glass cartridges and aluminum foil (to be used as a protective wrapper) will be rinsed with dichloromethane and placed in a muffle oven at 450C overnight. The clean PUF will be placed in the glass cartridge and wiapped in clean foil, then packaged in bubble-wrap. The filters will be rinsed with dichloromethane and dried. The clean filters will be placed in zip-lock bags. The glass cartridge containing the PUF and the cleaned filter will be sent to the field sites. The assembly is shown in Figure 1. 11.2.2 Air Sample Collection 1. While wearing disposable gloves, carefully remove the packaging from the glass cartridge to be used for sample collection. Retain the foil, zip-lock bag and bubble wrap. 2. Inspect the sampling head to insure there is a gasket at the top and bottom o f the adsorbent support. Insert the glass cartridge into the adsorbent support. 3. Screw the filter support base onto the adsorbent support. Do not over-tighten. 4. Place a rubber gasket on top o f the filter support base. Place the filter on top o f the gasket and place a second rubber gasket on top o f the filter. Retain the foil and zip-lock bag. The gaskets are not shown in Attachment 1. Place the filter retaining ring on the top gasket and attach it to the filter support base with the three wing nuts. CAUTION: If the sampling head is assembled away from the sampling site, place the protective cover plate on the sampling head. The cover plate must be removed immediately prior to the start of sample collection. 1. Connect the sample head to the vacuum pump by securing it with the ring clips on top o f the vacuum pump. 2. Plug the vacuum pump into a timer. Start the vacuum pump and allow to run for at least one minute. Adjust the air flow to approximately 250 1pm (based on the calibration) using the variator. Record the start parameters, such as date, time, magnahelic reading, and running time meter reading from the air sampler on the data sheet. An example data sheet is shown in Attachment 2. Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 18 o f 30 A ir Flow T 013-32 Particulate F itte r Support 1Adsorbent Cartridge and Support te rn A ir Flow EddMuSt Fitter Retaining Ring Silicone C asket 49 u*w--T-M-*n--r Pdfflex Filter Filter Support Screen Filter Support Base SfBoone GaskBt Glass Cartridge -A d so rb en t Retaining Screen SiHcone C asket Adsorbent Support Figure 11-1. PS-1 Sampling Head BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 19 o f 30 3. Set the timer to shut off after 12 hours. 4. Prior to disassembling the sampling head after the sampling is complete, turn the vacuum pump on and allow to run for at least 1 minute. Record the reading from the air sampler magnahelic gauge on the data sheet. Shut the vacuum pump off. Record the date and the reading on the air sampler running time meter on the data sheet. Determine the ending 1pm from the graph based on the magnahelic gauge in the same manner as during air sampler calibration (Section 5.8). 5. Calculate the total time and average flow rate and record on the data sheet. Attach the calibration graph to the data sheet. 11.2.3 Air Quality Control Samples Due to the difficulties in getting a properly placed field spike onto the filter and PUF media, the field spike sample will be prepared at Battelle and then shipped to the field location. In the field, the spiked filter will be placed in a sampler head as if installed to collect a real sample. The spiked filter is then removed, folded and replaced in its storage bag for return shipment. As indicated in Table 5 the field spike will be 100 ng each o f PFOS and POAA. the bag containing the spiked PUF will be opened for about 15 seconds, then resealed for return shipment. As indicated, in Table 5, the field spike will be 100 ng o f Me- & -Et-FOSE-OH. the field blank filter and PUF will be placed in a sampler head as if installed to collect a real sample, then removed and replaced in storage bags for return shipment. the bag containing the field blank PUF will be opened for about 15 seconds, then resealed for return shipment. 11.2.4 Air Sample Shipment 1. Remove the filter retaining ring from the sampling head. While wearing disposable gloves, remove the filter from the sampling head. Fold the filter in half so the dirt particles are turned in. Fold the filter in half again. Wrap the filter in the foil and place in the labeled filter zip-lock bag. Record the city and date information on the label on the bag. 2. Remove the filter support base from the adsorbent support. Carefully remove the glass cartridge containing the PUF from the adsorbent support. Wrap the glass cartridge containing the PUF in foil and place in the labeled zip-lock bag. Record the city and date information on the label on the bag. Wrap the zip-lock bag in bubble-wrap. 3. Immediately place samples in coolers with ice to maintain a cool temperature. Place the Air Sample Collection Data Sheet in a zip-lock bag and place in the container with the sample. Fresh ice should be added to the cooler in preparation for shipping. 11.3 Drinking Water Water samples in rivers, ponds, or reservoirs are collected by submerging the capped sample bottle, filling the bottle once it is totally submerged, and re-capping the bottle while submerged. Sample bottles will not be prerinsed with site water prior to collecting the sample. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 20 of 30 11.3.1 Surface-Water Collection Sample collections of drinking water require prior permission before attempting to collect a sample. Once approval is received, samples may be collected by either Battelle or the facility personnel, depending on the agreement with the facility. If facility personnel will collect the samples they will be provided with written instructions to facilitate comparability. Water samples are collected according to SOP M3-F-2 and summarized below. 1. Using Nitrile gloves to prevent contamination, collect the water samples in 1-L precleaned (certified) polyethylene sample containers by either directly placing the container into the water stream, or if a valve withdrawal system is available, using the valve. 2. When collecting through a valve system flush the system by running the water for a minimum of two minutes prior to collection. 3. Once the sample has been collected place the cover on the container, dry and label according to Section 11.1.4. 11.3.2 Water Quality Control Samples A separate screw-cap vial will be prepared in the laboratory to contain the pre-measured aliquots of spiking solution required for each field spike sample. The field-spiked sample will be prepared by field personnel after collection of the water samples as follows. 1. The outside of the vial will be rinsed with high purity methanol (HPLC grade) and wiped dry with a Chem wipe. 2. The cap of the spiking solution vial will be unscrewed and the contents of the vial will be poured into the sample container (marked with a line for approximately a 1 L quantity). 3. The vial that contained the spiking solution will be dropped into the field spike sample bottle. 4. The bottle will be capped and then shaken, and inverted several times to assure mixing and dispersion of the spike solution. 11.3.3 Water Sample Shipment Place samples in coolers with ice to maintain a cool temperature. Fresh ice should be added to the cooler in preparation for shipping. 11.4 Sediment from Drinking-Water Source 11.4.1 Sediment Sample Collection Sediment will be collected synoptically with the three surface water samples. Sediment samples will be collected according to SOP M3-F-7 with either a 0.04 m2Young grab sampler or a stainless steel spoon or scoop. Undisturbed samples will be achieved by careful attention to established deployment and recovery procedures. Battelle's procedures cover the following aspects of sediment sample collection: thorough wash-down of the equipment before each deployment using deionized water and methanol; for the grab sampler, control of penetration by adding or removing weights to the frame and adjusting the applied downward pressure; slow recovery until the sampler breaks the water surface; BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 21 o f 30 Each grab sample will be inspected for signs o f disturbance. The following criteria identify ideal characteristics for an acceptable grab sample. Sampler is not overfilled with sediment; the jaws must be fully closed and the top o f the sediment below the level o f the opening doors. Overlying water is present and not excessively turbid. Sampler is at least half full, indicating that the desired penetration was achieved. In certain locations, however, slight over-penetration may be accepted at the discretion o f the sampling scientist. Mild over-penetration may be accepted according to the following standards: the sediment surface is intact on at least one side of the grab and there is little or no evidence that the surface sediment has pushed through the grid surface o f the grab, i.e. no visible imprint from the screening outside o f that grid No evidence that sediment has squirted out through the hinge or the edges. If the grab sample meets the acceptability criteria, the water overlying the sample will be siphoned from the grab and the (top 2 cm) sediment will be collected with a stainless steel scoop and transferred to a certified, pre-cleaned sample container. To minimize exposure to airborne contaminants, the sediment will be not be homogenized in the field before being transferred to the precleaned, certified containers. Scoop samples will be considered acceptable if the scoop is remains 50% filled after breaking the water surface. Given the difficulty o f obtaining undisturbed sediment in areas with exceptionally fine sediments, these standards may have to be relaxed further. The field team leader will make the final decision regarding acceptability o f all grabs, and the overall condition o f the grab (i.e. "slight overpenetration on one side") will be documented on the sampling log. 11.4.2 Sediment Quality Control Sediment quality control samples will not be prepared in the field. Rather, bulk sediment samples will be shipped to the laboratory. 11.4.3 Sediment Sample Shipping Place samples in coolers with ice to maintain a cool temperature. Fresh ice should be added to the cooler in preparation for shipping. 11.5 Publicly-Owned Treatment Works 11.5.1 POTW Sample Collection Influent, effluent, and sludge samples will be collected at the POTWs. It is anticipated that Battelle personnel will not be granted access to the POTWs. Written instructions for sample collection are provided in SOP M3-F-2 and will be provided to plant personnel to achieve comparable sampling techniques. Samples will be collected and shipped according to the methods described for drinking water samples (Section 11.3). BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 22 o f 30 11.5.2 PO TW Quality Control One field spike will be prepared for the POTW effluent sample collected at each site as follows: 1. The outside o f the vial will be rinsed with high purity methanol (HPLC grade) and wiped dry with a Chem wipe. 2. The cap o f the spiking solution vial will be unscrewed and the contents o f the vial will be poured into the sample container (marked with aline for approximately a 1 L quantity). 3. The vial that contained the spiking solution will be dropped into the field spike sample bottle. 4. The bottle will be capped and then shaken, and inverted several times to assure mixing and dispersion o f the spike solution. No field quality control samples will be collected for influent or sludge samples. 11.5.3 POTW Sample Shipping Place samples in coolers with ice to maintain a cool temperature. Fresh ice should be added to the cooler in preparation for shipping. 11.6 Landfill Leacheate Landfill leachate samples will be collected by the methods used to collect and ship drinking water samples (Section 11.3). No field quality control samples will be prepared. 11.7 Food In each city identified, representative food samples will be collected to provide an estimation o f the dietary intake o f FC by local residents. The intent o f this sampling is to determine the dietary exposures o f residents within each region based on typical foods consumed. Ideally, foods grown, produced, or processed locally or regionally are preferred, however, it is recognized that such products may not always be available. The first step upon arriving in the designated city will be to identify three local grocery stores, each representing different regional retail chains if possible. In some cities, it may not be possible to identify three distinct chains; two should be identified at a minimum. Larger supermarkets will be selected preferentially over smaller convenience stores or specialty food shops as they are more likely to have all o f the food types required and are more representative o f the typical consumer. Samples o f all products identified for evaluation will be purchased in each store. As previously stated, an effort will be made to purchase products produced or processed locally or regionally as indicated on packaging labels or on signs or labels posted by the retail establishment. If a local or regional brand o f a specific product cannot be located, than the next closest location for which products are available for that food type should be selected. Food products selected should represent items that would be purchased by the typical consumer. Therefore, national brands, specialty or gourmet foods or brands should be avoided, unless they are the only products produced locally or regionally. When selecting fresh food (e.g., meat, fruit, milk, bread etc.) factors normally considered by the consumer (i.e., fat content, date packaged, general appearance or ripeness) should be considered to ensure that the sample is representative o f typical consumer purchases. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 23 o f 30 The method o f sample collection should duplicate the activities o f the typical consumer as closely as possible in terms of handling, transport and packaging. Food items selected should be transported to the checkout counter and handled by the clerk in the typical manner. After purchases have been made, the food items from each store should be placed in separate coolers for shipment to the laboratory. Perishable food items should be packed with sufficient ice to ensure that they will not spoil enroute. Food products should be labeled with the site city, the store ID, and a unique ID. The Site Log and sampling form will link this information to the store location (address), the food brand purchased, and the date o f purchase. 11.7.1 M eat and Fish From each store identified, meat and fish products will be collected for analysis as described below. 11.7.1.1 Fresh Meat Products Approximately 1 lb o f the following products will be selected from the meat counter: Ground beef Pork chops with bone (~2) Whole chicken breast (2 - boneless, skinless) Quantities indicated are the minimum requirements; variation may be necessary depending on the packages available. In addition to quantity, consideration should be given to the date indicated on the label, as well as the general appearance and fat content (i.e., 15% or less) o f the product to ensure that it is fresh and otherwise representative o f typical consumer purchases. If pre-packaged products are not available, the specified amounts should be requested from the clerk. All packages selected should be handled in a manner consistent with the activities o f the typical consumer. As previously discussed, an effort should be made to identify products produced or processed locally. If this information cannot be determined based on a review o f the label, it may be possible to identify the source through conversations with store employees. Any information obtained in this manner should be recorded in the logbook. I f the source o f available brands cannot be identified through either review o f the packaging or discussions with the store employees, the generic brand should be purchased. 11.7.1.2 Processed Meat Products One package o f hot dogs (i.e., approximately 1 lb) shall be selected from the prepackaged deli section o f the grocery store. A pork-beef mixture is to be preferred. It is likely that numerous brands o f hot dogs will be available; preference should be given to brands that are processed locally as determined by the information available on the package label. In the event that local brands are not available, selection should be based on relative cost; generic brands are preferred. All packages selected should be handled in a manner consistent with the activities o f the typical consumer. 11.7.1.3 Fish Fish representing a local fishery should be identified from the fish counter in each store. In selecting fish, information may need to be obtained from a store clerk to determine which is most representative o f local or regional fisheries. Fish obtained via a commercial fishery are preferable, however, in the absence o f a local commercial fishery, fish raised on a local fish farm are acceptable. Fish may be frozen or fresh, depending on availability. Fish fillets are preferred; however, in the absence of fillets whole fish may be collected. A minimum o f 1 lb is required. The fish should be handled by store personnel according to standard procedures (e.g., weighed, wrapped, etc.) prior to purchase. All packages selected should be handled in a manner consistent with the activities o f the typical consumer. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 24 o f 30 11.7.2 Dairy and Eggs A carton o f eggs (12) and 1 quart o f whole milk in plastic or cardboard packaging should be obtained from the dairy section o f each grocery store. As previously discussed, an effort should be made to identify products produced or processed locally. If this information cannot be determined based on a review o f the label, it may be possible to identify the source through conversations with store employees. Any information obtained in this manner should be recorded in the logbook. If the source o f available brands cannot be identified through either review o f the packaging or discussions with the store employees, the generic brand should be purchased. In addition, the dates indicated on the packaging should be considered to ensure that the product is fresh. 11.7.3 Produce Fresh and frozen produce (i.e., fruits and vegetables) will be collected from each store, as described below. 11.7.3.1 Frozen vegetables One package o f frozen green beans (i.e., approximately 1 lb) shall be selected from the frozen food section o f the grocery store. Cut green beans are preferred. It is likely that numerous brands o f green beans will be available; preference should be given to brands that are processed locally as determined by the information available on the package label. In the event that local brands are not available, selection should be based on relative cost; generic brands are preferred. All packages selected should be handled in a manner consistent with the activities o f the typical consumer. 11.7.3.2 Fresh produce Two fresh apples (~ 1 lb) should be selected from the produce section o f each grocery store. Select apples based on general appearance, freshness, color etc. Care should be taken to avoid apples with obvious bruises or other defects that would render the sample unattractive to the average consumer. The type o f apple (i.e., granny smith versus macintosh) is not important; however, the type should be recorded in the logbook. As previously discussed, an effort should be made to identify products produced or processed locally through either signs or labels posted by the store. The source or origin o f the apples should be recorded in the notebook. It is recognized that many o f the locations specified are not within regions o f the country conducive to the growth and production o f apples. As a result, finding apples produced locally is unlikely, particularly in the winter months. 11.7.4 Bread Bread products will be collected from each grocery store as described below. 11.7.4.1 White bread One loaf o f bread should be selected from the bread aisle o f each grocery store. White, pre-sliced bread is preferred. Preference should be given to brands that are processed locally as indicated by the information available on the package label. In the event that local brands are not available, selection should be based on relative cost, and generic brands are preferred. All packages selected should be handled in a manner consistent with the activities o f the typical consumer. 11.7.4.2 Organically produced bread One loaf o f organically grown and produced bread should be obtained. In the event that organic bread is not available, organic flour may be substituted. Preference should be given to a brand that is processed locally as determined by the information available on the package label or through conversations with the store personnel. In the event that local brands are not available, selection should be based on relative BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 25 o f 30 cost; generic brands are preferred. All packages selected should be handled in a manner consistent with the activities o f the typical consumer. 11.8 Fish Other than Food 11.8.1 Finfish (Electrofishing) A stream reach should be designated for sampling by field personnel. The reach should be adjacent to or in the vicinity o f the surface-water source o f drinking water, and also should include habitat appropriate for the target species (i.e., perch and bluegill). In the absence o f physical barriers, block nets should be set at the upstream and downstream ends o f the reach prior to the initiation o f the any sampling activities. Seining may be used as an alternate or supplementary method for collecting finfish. 11.8.1.1 M ethod A stream reach or pond should be designated for sampling by field personnel. Digital photographs should be taken o f the sampling site and the location should be recorded using a hand held GPS. The reach should be adjacent to or in the vicinity o f the area in which the water samples have been collected and should include habitat appropriate for the target species (i.e., perch and bluegill). In the absence o f physical barriers, block nets should be set at the upstream and downstream ends o f the reach prior to the initiation o f any sampling activities. Once the block nets ire set, electrofishing may begin at the downstream limit o f the sample reach. One crew member, identified as the electrofisher unit operator, carries the backpack unit and manipulates the anode and cathode poles. A side to side or bank to bank sweeping technique should be used to maximize area coverage. To maximize visibility and subsequent sampling efficiency, each team member should wear polarized sunglasses, and sampling should be conducted only during periods o f optimal water clarity and flow. The remaining crew members should follow the electrofisher unit operator and net the fish with dip nets. All fish netted should be placed in buckets or live wells for further examination and identification. Upon the completion o f sampling, each fish collected should be identified with regard to species and all species except bluegill and perch returned to the stream. In the event that perch and bluegill are not available, a similar, substitute species will be identified by the field personnel. An alternate fish collection method may involve a small mesh (e.g. 12 mm) seine (10 m long by 1 m high) may be used for collecting finfish. One individual will wade to a depth of 1 m and walk parallel to they shoreline for a distance of --20 m. Then, both individuals will haul the net in to the shoreline, encircling any fish present in that location. Fish will be placed in a bucket for further examination and identification. Immediately upon capture, each fish will be killed by cervical dislocation and wiped dry with a paper towel. They will be placed into a separate Ziploc plastic bag and sealed with tape. Each bag will be labeled with the city and site ID and a unique sample ID. This information will be linked on the sampling forms to the collection procedures, species name and related sampling information. Fish will be placed on ice in a cooler for same-day shipment to Battelle's Duxbury laboratory for processing. The ice will be replaced with fresh ice prior to shipping. 11.8.1.2 Data recorded Fish collected will be counted, examined for external anomalies (i.e., deformities, eroded fins, lesions, and tumors); all observations will be recorded in the field logbook. Fish length and weight will also be recorded to the nearest mm and g, respectively. The fish collected from each site will be weighed using a BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 26 o f 30 hand-held balance to ensure that the tissue mass is adequate for analysis. Fish lengths will be measured using a fish measuring board as required by the collection permit. The start time, ending time, duration o f sampling, and estimated maximum and minimum stream widths will also be recorded. Comments will also include sampling conditions such as visibility and flow rate. 11.8.1.3 Special Precautions All field team members must be trained or briefed in the electrofishing safety precautions and unit operation procedures identified by the manufacturer. Each team member must be insulated from the water and the electrodes with chest waders and rubber gloves. Electrode and dip net handles must be constructed o f insulating materials (e.g., woods, fiberglass). Electrofishers/electrodes must be equipped with functional safety switches. 12. SAMPLE CUSTODY 12.1 Evidentiary Chain of Custody Battelle field activities will be conducted to ensure that a full paper trail exists for each sample. Sample custody procedures are described in SOP 6-010 and include the requirements for evidentiary chain o f custody which is defined as A special type o fsample custody which requires that the physical possession, transport and storage o fa sample be documented in writing. The records must accountfo r all periods o f timefrom sample container acquisition through sample disposal. The following key elements comprise the sample custody requirements for this project. Battelle's full-time sample custodian will be responsible for the custody records o f the precleaned bottles. One member o f each field team will be designated as the team sample custodian and will be responsible for sample custody and for maintaining all sample custody records. The custody of each sample begins with the receipt o f precleaned, certified (ESE) sample bottles that are received by the laboratory custodian and relinquished to the field custodian. It is the responsibility o f Battelle air analysis lab personnel to maintain records o f air filter and PUF cleaning. Materials received in the field should be labeled such that the units can be traced back to documented cleaning procedures. The field custodian will receive custody o f these ' materials. . The custodian is responsible for the custody of all materials received (signed for). Samples are considered to be in a person's custody if - The samples are in a person's actual possession - The samples are in a person's view after being in that person's possession - The samples were in a person's possession and then were locked or sealed up to prevent tampering - The samples are in a secure area The sample collection form will document the certified bottle lot number and, for air samples, the cleaning lot number. Any field equipment decontamination performed prior to the collection o f a sample will be documented, including cleaning o f foil used to wrap samples, etc. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 21 o f 30 The location o f each sample container from receipt at the laboratory through shipment to Battelle for analysis will be traceable through the custody records. The field custodian will relinquish the samples when they are packed for shipment and place the original sampling forms in a sealed plastic bag inside each shipping container. The field custodian will retain a copy o f all sampling forms and the shippers copy o f the shipping bill in the Survey Logbook. 12.2 Sample Shipping Samples will be shipped at the end o f each collection day for next-day delivery. Environmental samples will be packed in coolers with ice and bubble wrap sufficient to ensure that damage will not occur during shipping. Non-perishable foods will be shipped dry in coolers with sufficient bubble wrap to prevent damage. The sampling form(s), which should be sealed in Ziploc bags and taped to the inner lid o f the cooler. The cooler is then taped shut and the address labels attached. All samples except the electroshocked fish are shipped to Kim Andrews at the address listed in Table 8. Electroshocked fish are sent to Mr. Michael Meara at the address listed in Table 8. Ms. Andrews and Mr. Meara should be called and alerted to the delivery date and time, the number o f coolers being shipped, the number o f coolers, and the number and type o f samples. SOP M3-F-5 defines sample shipping procedures for the project. 13. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES, REFERENCES, AND FREQUENCY 13.1 PS-1 Air Sampler The PS-1 air sampler will be calibrated according to SOP M3-F-1 immediately prior to use in the field using a General Metals G40 Calibration kit, consisting of a calibration orifice and a manometer. The sample head will contain a PUF and filter during the calibration process. A multiple point calibration curve, which brackets the targeted air flow o f 250 liter per minute (1pm), will be generated using the 1pm from the calibration orifice graph versus the inches o f water from the magnahelic gauge on the sampler. The calibration orifice will be removed from the sampler after calibration is completed. The calibration is considered acceptable if the calibration points are within 10% o f expected. If a point is not within this range, the outlying point or points should be repeated. 13.2 12XL Global Positioning System SOP 3-164 describes the calibration, operation, and maintenance o f the Garmin 12XL hand-held GPS. The Garmin GPS will be checked for relative positional accuracy once at each city. The latitude/longitude coordinates from a known or charted location will be compared with the GPS coordinates. The coordinates for the known location will be entered into the GPS as a waypoint (in accordance with the user manual). The GPS unit will be hand carried to the known location and allowed to stabilize for 5 minutes. The GPS coordinates will be recorded to the nearest 0.01' in the survey log on navigation check log form. These coordinates will be compared to the known coordinates (entered as a waypoint). The distance and bearing to the known coordinates displayed on the Garmin compass page will be recorded in the survey log on the navigation check log form. If the GPS unit fails to attain a reading that is within 100 meters of the actual position then the manual should be consulted for possible sources o f error and the reference position verified. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 28 o f 30 14. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Procedures for analyzing samples collected under this QAPP are described under separate cover. 15. DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING No data reduction will be required to report the results o f the field activities. 16. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS AND FREQUENCY Acceptable quality control limits for field spike samples, field blanks, and field duplicates/triplicates are documented under separate cover. 17. QUALITY ASSURANCE PERFORMANCE AUDITS, SYSTEM AUDITS, AND FREQUENCY Quality assurance encompasses all planned and systematic activities necessary to assure management that the products generated, and the services performed by Battelle meet corporate standards. The primary mechanism for accomplishing this goal is audits. Audits refer to the formal assessment o f conformance to the QA Program and its effectiveness. During an audit, the agreement with QA policy documents (e.g., SOPs) is evaluated, deficiencies are identified, and corrective action is taken. Ideally, audits also serve to increase awareness and understanding o f QA policies and procedures. The following QA audits are planned for the sampling program. A technical system (initiation) audit is conducted as part o f the review o f this QAPP to (1) ensure that the scope o f work and all required elements are addressed adequately, (2) verify that all required SOPs are approved and current, and (3) to verify that all participants have the required qualifications and documented training to perform their assigned tasks. At the time of the preparation o f this QAPP several SOPs are being developed for the field program. It is anticipated that these will be finalized prior to the first survey. The QA Officer will perform a field inspection for each survey team to verify that sampling activities are being conducted and documented according to the QAPP and associated SOPs. The survey reports will be reviewed for completeness and accuracy. 18. QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT Results o f QA audits will be reported to the Sampling Task Leader and the Program Manager. The audit reports will define any errors, deficiencies, or deviations from the QAPP and SOPs. The responsible analyst documents the corrective action on the audit report and submits the audit report to the program manager for review and approval. The Program Manager must approve all audit report responses before data are released as final. Any deviations must be documented and reported with the final survey report. BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 29 o f 30 19. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES 19.1 Air Sampler The air sampler will be kept in its protective housing when not in use. The protective cover is kept on the sampling head at all times until the sampling apparatus is being readied for sample collection. The air sampler is cleaned between samples as follows: 1. Disassemble the sampling head prior to sample collection. 2. Wipe out the sampling head with a Kim wipe wetted with methanol prior to installing the glass cartridge. 3. Check to make sure that the gaskets are inside the sampling head at the top and bottom of the cartridge seat. 19.2 Global Positioning System The hand-held global positioning system has no maintenance procedures that can be performed by laboratory personnel other than replacement of batteries. All other maintenance is performed by the manufacturer. 19.3 Young Grab Sampler The grab sampler (or alternative stainless steel spoon or scoop) will be rinsed and scrubbed with deionized water and rinsed with methanol between samples. 19.4 Fish Measuring Apparatus The balance and fish measuring board used to weight and measure fish after electroshock collection will be cleaned with a methanol-soaked Kim wipe between each sample. 20. CALCULATION OF DATA QUALITY INDICATORS The calculation of data quality indicators will be addressed in the analytical QAPP that will be provided under separate cover. 21. CORRECTIVE ACTION All technical personnel share responsibility for identifying and resolving problems encountered in the routine performance of their duties. Ms. Marcia Nishioka, Battelle's Project Manager, will be accountable to the client and to Battelle management for overall conduct of the project, including the schedule, costs, and technical performance. She is responsible for identifying and resolving problems that have not been addressed timely or successfully at a lower level, influence multiple components of the project, necessitate changes in this CW/QAPP, or require consultation with Battelle management or with the client. Problems identified by the QA Officer will be reported and corrected as described earlier. Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (NJ00666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page 30 o f 30 22. REPORTS One letter survey report will be prepared for each city survey. The report will list the samples collected, sampling locations, on-site sampling observations, and any SOP or QAPP deviations, etc. The format will be identical to the pilot study survey report submitted in December 1998 to the Program Manager. 23. REFERENCES EPA, 1990. Method T013, Compendium o fMethodsfo r the Determination o f Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Second Supplement, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA-600/4-90-010, May, 1990. APPENDIX A Outline for Multi-City Study Survey Plan BACK TO MAIN Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-city Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page A- 1 Survey Plan Empirical Human Exposure Assessment Multi-City Study Sampling Task 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Project Title Project Manager and Survey Task Manager Organization Responsible for Survey; Address and Telephone Number 2. OBJECTIVES 3. SCHEDULE Generic sampling schedule The City Survey Plan will detail the survey schedule for each survey loop 4. SURVEY LOCATIONS Generic description o f sampling collection locations and matrices The City Survey Plan will detail the specific sampling locations for each matrix, including addresses and contacts at each location 5. SURVEY/SAMPLING METHODS The QAPP will be referenced for all methods. 6. SEQUENCE OF SURVEY TASKS/EVENTS The step-by-step sequence o f sample collection and quality control preparation will be detailed. 7. NAVIGATION CONTROL The use o f the GPS will be described generically. The City Survey Plan will define specific calibration instructions for each city. 8. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Check lists o f expendable and non-expendable supplies will be created. -Solvent and waste containment will be addressed. 9. QA/QC PROCEDURES Decontamination procedures will be described The QAPP will be referenced 10. HEALTH AND SAFETY CHECKLIST 11. SURVEY TEAM The general requirements for a survey team will be defined. The City Survey Plan will define the specific sampling teams and Team Leaders for each city 12 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS The contents o f each survey report will be defined. BACK TO MAIN APPENDIX B Examples of Requests for Permissions Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page B-l VIA FATSIMF! ,F. February 25,1999 ChiefWayne Collins Columbus Georgia Fire Department Columbus, GA 31907 706-653-3500 . . . Putting Technology To Work Duxbuiy Operations 397 Washington Street Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Telephone 781-934-0571 Fax: 781-934-2124 Subject: Request to Collect Samples Dear Chief Collins: I appreciate the time your associate Captain Schmidt took to speak with me today. As per our conversation, I would like to formally request permission from the Columbus Fire Department to allow Battelle Memorial Institute to place an outdoor air sampler at a fire station in the city to obtain a representative air sample. We would like to sample outdoor air for 12 hours starting about 3 pm in the afternoon. We have selected the fire station as a sampling location because it is a secure facility and power would be available throughout the day and evening. We will be on site for set-up and take-down operations, and simply request an available 120 V outlet for power. The air sampler pump is programmed to halt at the conclusion of the 12 hour sampling period and will not require attention from fire station personnel during its operation. The sampler itself looks like a small house: approximately 3.5 foot high and 1.5 foot by 1.5 foot By way of introduction, Battelle is a very prominent contract-research organization in all scientific areas. My particular department conducts a variety of environmental sampling and analysis studies throughout the U.S. and world. Currently one of our clients has asked us to conduct a Life Cycle analysis of their products. As part of this investigation, we have statistically identified a set of cities throughout the U.S. where we would like to collect representative air and water samples. These samples will be analyzed for a specific marker compound that is not regulated by EPA nor is it listed as a hazardous chemical. The planned analyses are specific to this investigation only. The results of these analyses will be combined with raw material inventories, release inventories of manufacturing facilities and information on product consumers to understand the life cycle of these products. Our staff will make every effort to minimize any inconvenience to your staff and facility operations. We would like to provide a $50 gratuity to the fire station, or a charity of their choice, for the use of your facility's power. Please let us know in advance to whom to address this check. Our desire is to collect these samples sometime dining the first two weeks of March 1999. With your approval, we can have staff in schedule the trip appropriately. If you have any questions concerning this request, please feel free to contact me at 781-952-5379 or Don Gunster at 781-952-5378. Thank you in advance for your assistance. Sincerely, Scott C. Macomber Research Associate Battelle Duxbury cc: Donald Gunster Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page B-2 February 25, 1999 . . . Putting Technology To Work Mr. Ken Carr Decatur Utilities Wastewater Treatment Department 1002 Central Pky S, Decatur, AL 35601-4848 Duxbury Operations 397 Washington Street Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Telephone 781-934-0571 Fax: 781-934-2124 Subject: Request to Collect Samples Dear Mr. Carr: I appreciate the time you took to speak with me on December 9. As per our conversation, I would like to formally request permission from Decatur Utilities to allow Battelle to obtain samples of influent and effluent water and sludge from your wastewater treatment facility and influent and effluent water from the drinking water treatment facility. Battelle is a scientific research organization that conducts a variety of environmental sampling and analysis throughout the U.S. and the world. Currently one of our clients has asked us to conduct a Life Cycle analysis of their products. As part of this investigation, we have statistically identified a number of cities throughout the U.S. from which to collect representative samples of wastewater and drinking water. These samples will be analyzed for a specific chemical compound that serves as a marker for our clients products. This chemical is not regulated by EPA nor is it listed as a hazardous chemical. The planned analyses are specific to this investigation only. The results of these analyses will be combined with raw material inventories, release inventories of manufacturing facilities, and information on product consumers to understand the life cycle of these products. Our staff will make every effort to minimize any inconvenience to your staff and facility operations. We are willing to collect the samples ourselves, with your supervision, or provide the appropriate containers and allow your staff to collect the samples. The samples we are interested in collecting from your facilities are summarized in the following table. Sample Location WWTP Influent WWTP Effluent WWTP Sludge Tank Municipal Drinking Water Influent Municipal Drinking Water Effluent Media Water Water Sludge Water Water Number of Samples 1 1 1 1 1 Volume/Amount of Sample 2 liters 2 liters 200 grams 2 liters 2 liters We would like to collect these samples the week of December 14,1998. With your approval, we can have staff in Decatur on December 15,1998. If you have any questions concerning this request, please feel free to contact Donald Gunster or me at 781-934-0571. Sincerely, Scott Macomber Research Associate cc: Donald Gunster APPENDIX C Sampling Forms Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-l Date Time Collector Gear type Sampling location DGPS Coordinates Water Temperature Water Depth Air Temperature Wind Speed FINFISH DATA SHEET Project: N100666-01 Species Length (cm) W eight (g) Sample ID Signature Date BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) . Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: M ay 14, 1999 Page C-2 AIR SAMPLE COLLECTION DATA SHEET Project: N 100666-01 City:______________________________ Sampling Site:___________________ Collected B y : _________________ Air Sampler ID: ____________________ PUF Cleaning Lot No.: ______________ Filter Cleaning Lot No.: __________ Calibration: Calibration Orifice No.: _______ Reading from Magnahelic Gauge on Sampler Inches of Water on Calibrator Orifice 1pm* Manually graph the calibration curve (Magnahelic reading on the x-axis; calculated Ipm on the y-axis). Attach the graph to this sheet. Sample Collection: Parameter Date Time Magnahelic Reading Running Time Meter Determined 1pm (from graph) Start Stop Total Sample Time, min = Stop running time meter value-Start running time meter value Average Flow Rate = (Determined 1pm at Start + Determined 1pm at Stop)/2 Liter/min (1pm) is determined from the calibration curve. BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-3 DECATUR, AL - SURFACE WATER SAMPLING Location:______________________________________________ Date: _________________ Bottle Lot Number:____________________Collected By (Initials)______________ ,_______ A total o f nine bottles will be used (seven 1L water samples and 2 empty bottles for field blanks). Recorded by (Initials) MC-101: Surface water- Decatur- Site 1-P/N ______ MC-102: Surface w ater -Decatur- Site 1-Total PFOS ______ MC-103: Surface w ater -D ecatur- Site 1-Field/Lab Dup-P ______ MC-104: Surface w ater -D ecatur- Site 1-Field Spike-P/N _ ______ MC-105: Surface water- Decatur- Site 1-Lab Spike-P/N ______ MC-106: Surface w ater -D ecatur- Site 2-P/N ______ MC-107: Surface w ater -D ecatur- Site 3-P/N ______ MC-108: Surface w ater -Decatur-Field Blank-P/N ______ MC-109: Surface w ater -Decatur-Field Blank - Total PFOS Example Labels: Surface water -Decatur- Site 1P/N MC-101 Surface water -D ecatur-Site 1Field Spike-P/N MC-104 Surface water -Decatur- Site 3P/N MC-107 Surface water -Decatur-Site 1Total PFOS MC-102 Surface water-Decatur-Site 1Lab Spike-P/N MC-105 Surface water -Decatur- Field Blank-P/N MC-108 Surface water -Decatur-Site 1Field/Lab Dup-P MC-103 Surface water -Decatur- Site 2P/N MC-106 Surface water -Decatur-Field Blank - Total PFOS MC-109 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished By: ___________________________ D ate:_______________ Ice included: Y N Received B y :_______________________________ Date: ______________ Condition:___________ Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) BACK TO MAIN Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-4 DECATUR, AL - SEDIMENT SAMPLING Location:_____________ _______ _________________________ Date: ______________ Bottle Lot Num ber:_____________________Collected By (Initials)______________________ A total of 5 bottles will be used (three containing 200 gram samples and 2 empty bottles for field blanks). Recorded by (Initials) ______ MC-110: Sedim ent - Decatur- Site 1-P/N/Total PFOS/QC ______ MC-111: Sediment -D ecatur- Site 2-P/N/ Total PFOS/QC ______ MC-112: Sedim ent -D ecatur- Site 3-P/N/ Total PFOS/QC ______ MC-113: Sedim ent -Decatur-Field Blank-P/N MC-114: Sediment -Decatur-Field Blank - Total PFOS Example Labels: Sedim ent-Decatur- Site 1-P/N/ Total PFOS/QC M C -110 Sediment -Decatur-Field BiankP/N MC-113 Sediment -D ecatur- Site 2-P/N/ Total PFOS/QC MC-111 Sediment -Decatur-Field Blank -T o ta l PFOS MC-114 Sedim ent-D ecatur- Site 3-P/N/ Total PFOS/QC MC-112 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished B y : ___________________________ D ate:_______________ Ice included: Y N R e c e i v e d B y : ____________________________________________ D a t e : ____________________ C o n d i t i o n : _______________ BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (1VI00666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-5 DECATUR, AL - DRINKING WATER (INTAKE) SAMPLING Location:______________________________________________ Date: _________________ Bottle Lot Number:____________________Collected By (Initials)_______________ ______ A total o f six bottles will be used ( five 1L water samples and 1 empty bottle for field blank). Recorded by {Initials) ______ MC-115: Drinking water- intake-Decatur- P/N MC-116: Drinking water -intake-Decatur- Total PFOS MC-117: Drinking water -intake-Decatur- Field/Lab Dup-P. MC-118: Drinking water -intake-Decatur- Field Spike-P/N MC-119: Drinking water- intake-Decatur- Lab Spike-P/N MC-120: Drinking water -intake-Decatur-Field Blank-P/N Example Labels: Drinking water- intakeDecatur- P/N MC-115 Drinking water - intakeDecatur- Field Spike-P/N MC-118 Drinking water - intakeDecatur- Total PFOS MC-116 Drinking water- intakeDecatur- Lab Spike-P/N MC-119 Drinking water - intakeDecatur- Field/Lab Dup-P MC-117 Drinking water - intakeDecatur- Field Blank-P/N MC-120 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished B y : ___________________________ D ate:_______________ Ice included: Y N R e c e i v e d B y : ____________________________________________D a t e : ____________________ C o n d i t i o n : ________________ BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-6 DECATUR, AL - DRINKING WATER (OUTFLOW) SAMPLING Location:______________________________________________ Date: _________________ Bottle Lot Number:____________________Collected By (Initials)______________ _______ A total o f five bottles will be used ( five 1L water). Recorded by (In itia ls ) ______ MC-121: D rinking water- outflow-Decatur- P/N ______ MC-122: Drinking w ater - outflow-Decatur- Total PFOS ______ MC-123: D rinking w ater - outflow-Decatur-Field/Lab Dup-P ______ MC-124: Drinking w ater - outflow-Decatur- Field Spike-P/N ______ MC-125: D rinking water- outflow-Decatur- Lab Spike-P/N Example Labels: Drinking water- outflowDecatur- P/N MC-121 Drinking water - outflowDecatur- Field Spike-P/N MC-124 Drinking w ater - outflowDecatur- Total PFOS MC-122 Drinking water- outflowDecatur- Lab Spike-P/N MC-125 Drinking water - outflowDecatur- Field/Lab Dup-P MC-123 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished B y : ____________________________ D a te :________________ Ice included: Y N R e c e i v e d B y : ____________________________________________ D a t e : ____________________ C o n d i t i o n : ________________ BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-7 DECATUR, AL - TAP WATER SAMPLING Location:______________________________________________ Date: _________________ Bottle Lot Number:____________________Collected By (Initials)______________ ^__ A total o f eight bottles will be used ( seven 1L water samples and 1 empty bottle for field blank). Recorded by (I n itia ls ) ______ MC-126: Tap water- Decatur- Site 1-P/N ______ MC-127: Tap w ater -Decatur- Site 1-Total PFOS ______ MC-128: Tap w ater -D ecatur- Site 1-Field/Lab Dup-P ______ MC-129: Tap w ater -D ecatur- Site 1-Field Spike-P/N ______ MC-130: Tap water- Decatur- Site 1-Lab Spike-P/N ______ MC-131: Tap water- Decatur- Site 2-P/N ______ MC-132: Tap water- Decatur- Site 3-P/N ______ MC-133: Tap w ater -Decatur-Field Blank-P/N ______ MC-134: Tap w ater -Decatur-Field Blank - Total PFOS Example Labels: Tap water- Decatur- Site 1-P/N M C -126 Tap water -Decatur-Site 1-Field Spike-P/N MC-129 Tap water -Decatur-Site 1Total PFOS M C -127 Tap water-Decatur-Site 1-Lab Spike-P/N MC-130 Tap w ater-D ecatur-Site 1Field/Lab Dup-P MC-128 Tap water -D ecatur- Field Blank-P/N MC-133 Tap water -Decatur-Field B lank-T otal PFOS M C -134 Tap water- Decatur- Site 2-P/N Tap water- Decatur- Site 3-P/N MC-131 MC-132 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence of ice. Relinquished B y : ___________________________ D ate:_______________ Ice included: Y N R e c e i v e d B y : ____________________________________________ D a t e : ____________________ C o n d i t i o n : _______________ BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) ' Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-8 DECATUR, AL - LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLING Location:________________________________________________ Date: ______________ Bottle Lot N um ber:_____________________Collected By (In itia ls)________________ A total o f one bottle will be used (1L landfill leachate sample). Recorded by (Initials) ______ MC-135: Landfill Leachate- Decatur- P/N/Total PFOS/QC MC-136: Landfill Leachate -Decatur-Field Blank-P/N Example Labels: Landfill Leachate - DecaturP/N/Total PFOS/QC MC-135 Landfill Leachate -DecaturField Blank-P/N MC-136 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished B y : ___________________________ D ate:______________ Ice included: Y N Received B y :_______ _______________________ Date: ____________ Condition: BACK T MAIM Draft Quality Assurance Project Pian Multi-City Study Sampling Task (NI00666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-9 DECATUR, AL - POTW INFLUENT SAMPLING Location:_______________________________________________Date: _________________ Bottle Lot Number:____________________Collected By (Initials)_________________ A total o f two bottles will be used (two 1L water samples). Recorded by (Initials) ______ MC-137: POTW Influent- Decatur- P/N ______ MC-138: PO TW Influent -Decatur- Total PFOS DECATUR, AL - POTW EFFLUENT SAMPLING Location:______________________________________________ Date: _________________ A total o f five bottles will be used (four 1 L samples and one empty bottle for the field blank). Recorded by (Initials) ______ MC-139: POTW Effluent- Decatur- P/N ______ MC-140: POTW Effluent -Decatur- Total PFOS/P&N Dup ______ MC-141: POTW Effluent- Decatur- Field Spike-P/N ______ MC-142: POTW Effluent -Decatur- Lab Spike-P/N ______ MC-143: POTW Effluent -Decatur- Field Blank-P/N DECATUR, AL - POTW SLUDGE SAMPLING Location:______________________________________________ Date: _________________ A total o f two bottles will be used (one 200 g and one empty bottle for the field blank). Recorded by (Initials) ______ MC-144: POTW Sludge- Decatur-P/N/Total PFOS/QC ______ MC-145: POTW Sludge -Decatur- Field Blank-P/N Example Labels: POTW Influent- Decatur- P/N M C -137 POTW Effluent -Decatur- Total PFOS/P&N Dup MC-140 POTW Effluent -Decatur- Field Blank-P/N M C -143 POTW Influent -Decatur- Total PFOS MC-138 POTW Effluent- Decatur- Field Spike-P/N MC-141 POTW Sludge- DecaturP/N/Total PFOS/QC MC-144 POTW Effluent- Decatur- P/N MC-139 POTW Effluent -Decatur- Lab Spike-P/N MC-142 POTW Sludge -Decatur- Field Blank-P/N MC-145 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished By: ___________________________ D ate:______________ Ice included: Y N R e c e i v e d B y : ____________________________________________ D a t e : ____________________ C o n d i t i o n : _______________ BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) . Revision No.: 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C-10 DECATUR, AL - URBAN AIR SAMPLING Location:_________________________________________________Date: __________________ Puf Cleaning Lot Number. ________________ Filter Cleaning Lot N um ber_______.________ A total of three samples will be generated (one sample from the PS-lair sampler, one sample for a field spike, and one sample for a field blank). Recorded by (Initials) Collected by (Initials)______________ ______ MC-146: U rban Air- Decatur- PUF ______ MC-147: U rban A ir-D ecatur-F ilter ______ MC-148: U rban Air -D ecatur- PUF-Field Spike ______ MC-149: U rban A ir -D ecatur- Filter-Field Spike ______ MC-150: U rban Air- Decatur- PUF-Field Blank ______ MC-151: U rban Air- Decatur-Filter-Field Blank Example Labels: Urban Air- Decatur- PUF MC-146 Urban Air -Decatur- FilterField Spike MC-149 Urban Air -Decatur- Filter MC-147 Urban Air --Decatur- PUF- Field Spike MC-148 Urban Air- Decatur- PUF-Field Urban Air- Decatur-Filter- Blank Field Blank MC-150 MC-151 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished B y : ___________________________ D ate:_______________ Ice included: Y N Received B y :_______________________________ Date: ______________ Condition:___________ BACK TO MAIN Draft Quality Assurance Project Plan Multi-City Study Sampling Task (N100666) Revision No. : 1 Effective Date: May 14, 1999 Page C -ll DECATUR, AL - FOOD SAMPLING A maximum of three samples of each food type will be purchased (one sample from up to three grocery stores). Grocery Store 1: Date Initials Grocery Store 2: Date Initials Grocery Store 3: Date Initials Organic Store;: Date Initials / when sample is obtained Sample Description Store 1 Store 2 Store 3 Ground beef 1# package MC-152 MC-153 MC-154 Pork chops With bone, at least 2 MC-155 MC-156 MC-157 Chicken breast Boneless, skinless, 1# MC-158 MC-159 MC-160 Hot dogs Beef and pork, 1# MC-161 MC-162 MC-163 Fish Regional species MC-164 MC-165 MC-166 Eggs 6-12 large MC-167 MC-168 MC-169 Whole milk 1 quart, plastic or cardboard MC-170 MC-171 MC-172 Bread White MC-173 MC-174 MC-175 Green beans Cut, in plastic bag MC-176 MC-177 MC-178 Apples Fresh, at least 2 MC-179 MC-180 MC-181 Organic flour4 1# bag MC-182 ------------- -- Organic bread ` 1 loaf MC-183 -- -- a Collect one sample o f either organic bread or organic flour. It is not necessary to collect both matrices or three sources o f one o f these matrices. Example Labels: Ground beef- Decatur-Store 1 MC-152 Ground beef- Decatur-Store 2 MC-153 Pork chops- Decatur-Store 1 Pork chops - Decatur-Store 2 MC-155 MC-156 Chicken breast-Decatur-Store 1 Chicken breast - Decatur-Store 2 MC-158 MC-159 Hot dogs-Decatur-Store 1 MC-161 Fish-Decatur-Stoie 1 Hot dogs - Decatur-Store 2 MC-162 Fish - Decatur-Store 2 MC-164 MC-165 Eggs-Decatur-Store 1 Eggs - Decatur-Store 2 MC-167 MC-168 Milk-Decatur-Store 1 MC-170 Milk - Decatur-Store 2 MC-171 Bread-Decatur-Store 1 Bread - Decatur-Store 2 MC-173 MC-174 Green beans-Decatur-Store 1 Green beans - Decatur-Store 2 MC-176 MC-177 Apples-Decatur-Store 1 MC-179 Apples - Decatur-Store 2 MC-180 Organic bread-Decatur MC-182 Organic Flour- Decatur MC-183 Ground beef- Decatur-Store 3 MC-154 Pork chops - Decatur-Store 3 MC-157 Chicken breast - Decatur-Store 3 MC-160 Hot dogs - Decatur-Store 3 MC-163 Fish - Decatur-Store 3 MC-166 Eggs - Decatur-Store 3 MC-169 Milk - Decatur-Store 3 MC-172 Bread - Decatur-Store 3 MC-175 Green beans - Decatur-Store 3 MC-178 Apples - Decatur-Store 3 MC-181 Samples should be sent to Battelle Columbus in the presence o f ice. Relinquished B y : ___________________________ D ate:_______________ Ice included: Y N R e c e i v e d B y : ____________________________________________D a t e : ____________________ C o n d i t i o n : ________________