Document 0Jb5dOVVko3eZXbe1kQNKEoYn

33s?7*~ H*tAINTIF^Sp'!-1 Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL OCTOBER, 1968 (VoL 32, No. 10} INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION S231 CENTRE AVENUE PITTSBURGH, FA. 13232 01 132 3835 FOUNDATION FACTS NEW_MEM3ERS^ IHF welcome* DL Skin Care Product*. Inc. into membership. MEETINGS: The importance of found scientific management oi environmental and occupational health problem* was emphasized in papers presented by outstanding speakers in the fields of industrial hygiene, law. rehabilitation, industrial engineering, mental health research and industrial medicine at the Foundation's 33RD ANNUAL MEETING held October 13-16. 1668 at Chat ham Center. Pittsburgh. Pa. Transactions of the meeting will be published early in 1663. At the ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF MEMBERS October 13. the new Bv-Law s. voted upon and accepted by the Board of Trustees at their May 3 meeting, were ratified by the membership. Consistent with the new By-Laws. Trustees were elected for a one. two or three vear term to effect a Trustee rotation plan. New members elected to the Board are- Walter P. Cartun. Westinghouse Air Brake Division. Westmghouse Air Brake Company: R. Verne A.ghter. General Motors Corporation; and William L. Sutton. M. D. . Eastman Kodak Company. Officers elected at the October 13 BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING are: Chairman: G. Arthur Webb. Ph. D. Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Mellon University Vice Chairmen: Past Chairman: Miles O. Colwell. M. D. . K. Davison Aluminum Company of America Davison Sand and Gravel Company Andrew Kalmykow Secretary: American Insurance Association H. H. Schrenk. Ph. D. Treasurer: Edward R. Weidlein. Jr. Union Carbide Corporation President: Executive Vice President: Robert T. P. deTreville. M. D. Harry M. Bowman STAFF ACTIVITIES: Dr. deTreville attended the AMA Congress on Occupational Health. September 30-October 1 in New York. Drs. deTreville and B. J. Lambiotte (IHF Resident in Occupational Medicine) completed epidemiological field studies in the Newark plant of OwensCorning Fiberglas Corporation to which Dr. Jon L. Konzen. Medical Director of OCF. referred in his talk at the 33rd Annual Meeting, and participated in orientation meetings for the Licking County Medical Society. Dr. deTreville and Roger Wolfe ( independent film and television pro ducer in Pittsburgh for Post Graduate Medical Television Teaching Programs) conducted a dialogue on IHF as a presentation before the Oakland Rotary Club on October 31 in preparation for a post graduate closed circuit medical television program. IHF FELLOWSHIP GRANT: A grant of $8. 000 was awarded to the University of California. Berkeley by the Foundation to help support research in the Division of Environmental Health Sciences. School of Public Health, which deals with electron microscopic observations on the behavior of fibrous particles in filter media. IHF ADVISORY FELLOW: Retiring Trustee Dr. James H. Sterner. Chairman of the Depart ment of Environmental Health. School of Public Health. University of Texas, has agreed to serve as an Advisory Fellow to assist IHF programs of biostatistical and epidemiological research. Formerly Medical Director of Eastman Kodak Company. Dr. Sterner was elected to the Founda tion's Board of Trustee* in 1966 and his biosketch appeared in the lndustrial_Hxgiene_Digest m November 1966. FOREIGN VISITOR: Dr. Francisco Briggs Pecanha Medical Director of Esso Brasil, an affiliate of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, visited Dr. Paul Gross. Director of IHF Research Laboratory, and Dr. dsTreville on October 30. FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR: A highly technical research seminar on ths bioeffects of asbestos and certain other fibrous dusts sponsored by IHF and Mellon Institute will be held November ll 01 132 383at Mellon Institute (see Editorial, p. i. this issue). ? REPRINTS AVAILABLE: 'Symptomatic Alveolar Mural Sclerosis. " Paul Gross and Patrick J Clancy. Arch. Environ. Health 16:728-733. May 1968. "Ferruginous Bodies in Human Lungs Ptmlsace at Random Autopsies." Michael D, Utidjian. Paul Gross, and Robert T. P. deTrsvii;* Arch. Environ. -Health .1.7:327-333. Sep/ iJKe. "Alveolar Proteinosis: Its Experimental Produc tion in Rodents. " Paul Gross and Robert T. P. deTreville. Arch. Path. 86:253-261. Sept. I9`.g PUBLICATIONS: Ths `Third )uarter.ly Report--1968 is attached to this issue of Industrial Hygisn# Digest. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FEATURES Short term treatment of acuta buraitia of tha ahoulder ia dlacuaeed la Abat. No. 933. Abat. No. 936 reviewe tha natural hit tory of tubarculoaia ia tha human body. Abat. No. 938 ia coacaraad with occu pation. aducatioa, aad coronary baart diaaaaa. 11 Abat. No. 939 invaatigataa tha affact of licorice oa hypartanaioa. Gigaratta emoklng during pragaaacy ia diacuaaad ia Abat. No. 950. Pulmonary complicatloaa of tha burn patiaat ara atudlad ia Abat. No. 962. Abat. No. 965 ra porta oa alckal aarloba darmatltia. Iaformation oa myocardial toxicity from carboa monoxida poiaoning ia givaa in Abat. No. 968. Tha affact of araoaic oa inflammation ia daacribad ia Abat. No. 976. Abat. No. 989 praaanta tha axparimantal production of alveolar protaiaoaia in rodanta. TABLE OF CONTENTS THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBERS 912-1020 EDITORIAL 3rd Fibroua Duet Somiaar..................................... Fibrour Duat Seminar Program................................. Thraahold Limit Valuaa for 1968................................. Nawa Itema........................................................................... Coming Evanta...................................................................... Legal Devalopmante........................................................ Booka, Pamphiata aad Notlcaa..................................... Induatrial Medical Practice.......................................... Pace Chamical Haaarda............................................................. Induatrial Duata................................................................. Phyaicai Aapacta at tha Environment........................ Environmental Maaauramaata...................................... Preventive Eagiaeerlag.................................................... Communlty Air Hygiene.................................................... Accldeata aad Prevention............................................... lake* ......................................................................................... Addreeaea of Jouraala Abatracted............................ 01 132 3838 Induatrial Hvaiene Dimi EDITORIA L October. 1 3rd FIBROUS OUST SEMINAR In the peat six year*, aInc a coming to the Foundation, no single environmental health problem haa conaumed aa much attention on the part of the Foundation aa haa the queation of adverae health effecta of aabeatoa and certain non-aabeatoa flbroua duata. Aabeatoa aharea with ailica the ability to produce fibroela in experimental animala and in man on a aimilar doae/time axpoaure baaie; but it alao haa been ahown to increaae by a factor of about ten timea the likelihood of lung cancer in aabeatoa expoaed textile and Inaulatlon worker!. in addition pleural meaotheliomaa have baton reported in individuala whoae axpoaure to aabeatoa haa not been occupational, in whom aabeatoale haa not been found, and in whom the average expoeure time haa tended to be longer than that required to produce fibroaia and/or lung cancer in workara expoaed to hazardoua concantrationa. Prograae in reaearcb planning in Induatrial Hygiene Foundation, the United Statea Public Health Service, and Quebec Aabeatoa Mining Aaaociatlon waa reviewed in the Foundation'a Medical Seriea Bulletin No. 11 in 1967 and in an editorial earlier thia year (Induatrial Hygiene Digeat, May, 1968). Under aeparate cover official repreaantativea of Foundation members have been adviaed of the program of the Foundation'a 3rd Flbroua Ouat Seminar, to be held November 22 at Mellon Inatitute. Reaearchera from tha Mellon Inatltute of Carnegie-Mellon Univeraity, the Depart ment of Occupational Health of the Univeraity of PittaburghCraduate School of Public Health, tha U nive raity of California at Berkley and theUnitad Statea Public Health Service in conjunction with aeveral invited acientiata from other countrlea, will review preliminary reaearch findinga and evaluate their eignificance in order to be in a poaitloa to apply what ia already known to tha beat practical advantage and to help direct future raaearch efforta. Significant findinga will be preaentad later In appropriate publication*. While only a few Foundation membera mine or manufacture aabeatoa, control of recognized aabeatoa hazarda aaaociated with Induatrial operation, producta and waataa muat be of general concern to Induetry. Thoae da airing to attend thia Induatrial Hygiene Foundation meeting ahould contact their company'e official IKF tlaiaon repreeentative for further information. (See Fibrou* Duat Seminar Program on p. ii. thia iaaue). --R. T. P. deT -- t* i. Industrial Hygiene Disest FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR October. IQfeB sponsored by INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION / MELLON INSTITUTE November 22. 1968 Conference Room. Mellon Institute 9:00 a. m. WELCOME Robert T. P. deTreville, M. D.. Preeident. IHF. and G. A. Webb, Ph. D.. Aeaociau Director, M.I. -CMU. Chairman of the Board. IHF Morning Seeeion: FIBROUS GLASS HEALTH RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES Moderator: W. Clark Cooper, M.D.. School of Public Health. Univeraity of California 9:10 a. m. IHF Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers H. Michael D. Utldjlan. M.D.. Asst. Professor. Dept, of Epidemiology. Graduate School of Public Health. University of Pittsburgh 9:35 NIMA Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Lewis J. Cralley. Ph. D.. Scientist Director, Assoc. Chief. Occ. Health Program. Field Studies, U.S. Public Health Service 10:00 a. m. Session Break 10:15 a.m. Pathological Studies of Respirable Fibrous Glass Dust With and With out Phenol Formaldehyde and Textile Binders Paul Gross. M.D.. Director of IHF Research Lab. 10:45 a.m. Physiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Class Workers Benjamin J. LamMotte. M.D.. IHF Resident Fellow in Occ. Med. 11:10 a. m. Radiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Jon L. Konsen, M. D.. Medical Director, Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. 11:35 a. m. Summarisation - Morning Session W. Clark Cooper. M.D. 12:00 noon LUNCH Afternoon Session: BIOEFFECTS RESEARCH FOR UNITED STATES ASBESTOS INDUSTRY Moderator: Lewis J. Cralley, Ph. D., Scientist Director, Associate Chief. Occupational Health Program, Field Studies, U.S. Public Health Service 1:30 p.m. Asbestos Exposure in the U.S. Textile Industry--1930 to date Joseph L. Goodman. M.D.. Medical Director for Research, Raybestos-Manhattan. Inc. 1:55 p.m. Statistical Studies of U.S. Asbestos Textile Workers Philip E. Enterline. Ph.D., Professor of Biostatistics. Graduate School of Public Health. University of Pittsburgh 2:20 p. m. Studies of the Pathogenicity of SynthStic and Natural Asbestos and Brake Drum Dust: Progress Report Paul Gross, M.D. 3:00 p. m. Pathological Studies of Ferruginous Bodies Methodology H. Michael D. Utldjlan. M.D. Instrumentation Martin N. Haller. Fellow, Mellon Institute-CM'C Basic Considerations John M. G. Davis, Ph.D.. Dept, of Psthology. University of Cambridge, England Discussion Paul Gross, M. D. 4:00 p. m. Summarisation - Afternoon Session 4:20 p. m. Concluding Remarks Lewis J. Cralley. Ph.D. Robert T. P. deTreville. 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Pa. 15232 I NEWS ITEMS' 912 Atbettoeit CUnified on X-Ray Severity. To clarify the "International problem" of aabeatoaie-- a diaeaee of the lunge found In aebeetot workers--medical representatives from a number of countries are classifying the ailment on the basis of its severity at seen on s-rays. Dr. Benjamin Felson. director of the department of radiology at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and a member of that group, has recently returned from a meeting in England with repreeentatives of Great Britain. Canada. Germany. Finland, and South Africa. He is a consultant in occupational health to the U.S. Public Health Service. This is not a common disease viewed in relation to total population, but it is a major occupational haaard for insulation workers such as pipe fitters. Dr. Felson points out. --Air Eng. M). 13 (July. 1968) 913 Generic Drugs. "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has in no sense concluded that generic drugs are less effective ae a class than brand-name products." FDA Commissioner Herbert L. Ley said recently. "There are fewer than two dosen drugs where therapeutic differences among competing products may be a problem." he added. Dr. Ley's comments were made in response to a report recently on the studies of three drugs by Dr. Christopher M. Martin of Georgetown University, which questions the effectiveness of generic vereions of drugs. "Data from the Georgetown work have been useful to FDA. but it is completely unwarranted to reach any general conclusions about drug equivalency on the basis of these exploratory studies. " Dr. Ley said. Of the three drugs tested, only chloramphenicol showed a clinically significant difference in blood levels, the FDA commissioner pointed out. --Cham. Eng. News 46 47 (Aug. 26. 1968) 914 Lithium Carbonate. The usefulness of lithium carbonate in treating mania and preventing depression will be the subject of a systematic evaluation by a number of institutions under grants from the National Institute of Mental Health. If proven effective, lithium carbonate, an inexpensive white powder, will be an important weapon in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis. This disorder affects many people and is present in a sisable proportion of the nation's 250, 000 suicides each yaar. --Cham. Eng. News 46. 57 (Aug. 26. 1968) 915 Dimethyl Sulfoxide. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will soon relax its restrictions on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). mainly by loosening the rigid prior approval once required for clinical use of the drug. The FDA banned clinical studies with DMSO in 1965. But in late 1966 the drug agency partially lifted the baa to allow clinical studies with the pulp-derived drug under guidelines set up to give patients maximum protection. --Chain. Eng. News 46 47 (Aug. 26. 1968) 916 New Warning on Sniffing. Du Pont is issuing its second strong warning in less than a year of the danger of Intoxicating oneself by deliberately inhaling the concentrated vapors of aerosols and other products. Fourteen deaths have been reported this year ae attributable to the practice. The Du Pont warning, issued 1. 01 132 3830 Induatrlal Hysien* Diet October. 1468 on behalf of U.S. maker* of fluorocarbon propellant* and refrigerant*, i* part of a wide effort to *top *uch mieuae of the product*. The eo-called nifflng" started la*t year with cocktail gla** chiller* and hn* cpread elnce to other product*. The (pacific cau*e of the death* that have occurred ha* been difficult to aatabliah. It l* known, however, that *udden death may occur when the lung* are filled with concentrated vapor* of advent* or propellant* that contain little or no oxygen. The propellant ueed moat in fluorocarbon-baaed aerosol apray can* i* fluorocarbon 12 (dlchlorodifluoromethane). Six companiea in the U S. now make the product --Cham. Eng. New* 46. 102 (Aug. 26. 19681 917 Sulfur Content of Coal. Restriction* on the aulfur content of coal have drawn new fire from industry. The National Coal Policy Conference claim* that the u*e of low-aulfur coal "lead* to technical and economic problem* which could reault only In higher coat* for aleetrlclty and Impairment of the reliability of electric aervic*. " The Conference ba*e* thl* claim on the finding* of a new survey by National Economic Research Associates. which aaya that many boiler* used to produce electricity are designed to burn htgb-aulfur-content coal. Substituting a different type of coal may caue* serious problems with many of them, it *ay*. and rebuilding boiler* to accommodate low-sulfur coal l* often too expensive. Also, it claim*, substituting low-sulfur coal may "diminish the efficiency of various air pollution control dsvices. such as electrostatic precipitator*, that already have been installed by utilities at great cost. " --Cham. Eng. New* 46. 61 (Aug. 26. 1968) 918 Oil Companie* to Combat Pollution. Oil companies will spend about $382 million thie year to help clean up the nation's air and water ways. according to a new study by the American Petroleum Institute. This will represent a 6. 7% increase over the $358 million the industry spent last year. A breakdown of the 1968 estimate shows that $223 million will go to water pollution control, the rest to cleaning up the air. --Cham. Eng. News 46. 27 (Aug. 26. 1968) 919 Eire's Tragic Toll. In th* United States every day. fire take* this tragic, often needless, toll, according to National Fire Protection Association research: 33 lives: 1, 527 homes: 20 schools: 9 churches: 13 hospital* and nursing homes; 130 stores; 123 Industrial plants. Last year an estimated 12. 200 lives were lost in fires in the U.S. About 6. 500 of these death* resulted from fire* in one- and two-family houses. Approximately one-third of the victims of Ares are children, and about one of every three children who die in fire is alone when fire breaks out. -Clipsheet. Natl. Fir* Protect. Assn 920 Radiation Victims Ask $9 Million. Th* two most severely "burned" victims In a dramatic and still-unsxplalnsd radiation mishap here last fall hava sued the producer of th* equipment involved for a total of $9 million. Edmund I. Cswalga. 40. of Cheewick, Pa., has sued High Voltage Engineering Corn. , a Massachusetts firm, for $6 million damages in the accident, which, th* suit charge*, cost him both hands and one leg. Jack P. McCandlees. 32. of Natrona Heights, Pa., who, the suit says, suffered -- along with Mr. Cswalga -- "acuta radiation syndroms. " Is suing for $3 million for the accident Oct. 4. The two. both employes of Gulf Research and Development Co., Harmarvilfe, Pa., charged in Federal Court that they absorbed damaging doses of gamma ray* from a 3-million-volt Van d* Graaf particle accelerator while at work. The two charge that the interlocking safety devices of the potentially dangerous machine all failed in some unexplained manner, thus permitting it to give off rays whlls registering "not operating, " Th* accident received worldwide attention when th* two, and a third Gulf employe. William C. Zemla. 31. of Natrona Heights, Pa., -- leas seriously Injured -- were treated with elaborate precau tions by a team of medical men from several states at West Penn Hospital. The suits charge that Mr Cswalga and Mr McCandlass were rendered sterile and more susceptible to leukemia by their experience. Mr. Cswalga. whe received A dosas* that usually proves lethal was saved 2. 01 132 3851 Induatrial Hvrtena Placet October. 1968 partly baeauaa hia tamporarily deatroyed white-blood-cell. dtaaaaa-lmmunlty ayatam *aa revitallsad by blood tranafuaiona from an idontical twin brother. Although Mr. Zamla out of tha hoapital by Nov 9 and back at work by aarly February, tha other two victima fared laaa well. --Pittaburgh Preaa. Seot. 25. '">68 Editor'a Note; Tha following abatract of an aditorial in tha Naw England Journal of Medicine 279. 714 (Sept. 26. 1968) will be of iataroat to Induetrial Hygiana Digaat readera: "Radiationmuat be accepted aa a tumorigenic agent in man. Skin cancer, which followed radiation-induced dermatitia and ulceration, made martyra of early roentgenologieta. Oateoaarcomaa and carcinoma of the paranaaal ainuaea reaulted from ingeation of meaothorium by many radium watch-dial oainten. Hundrede of theaa workera are atill being atudied to aacertain other lata affacta from thia unique radiation expoaure. Thyroid tumora. including cancer, have boon found in people exooaed to fallout and atomic-bomb radiation. Furth and Forth. 1 in 1936 damonatrated a high incidence of leukemia in mice after expoaure to radiation. Accordingly, a ayatematic aearch waa made for leukemia in the Japaneae atomic-bomb victima. and indeed it waa found -- the incidence being proportional to the doee of radiation above 100 rada. Several etudlee in mice and rate have ahown that radiation produced dlveraa mammary tumora after aingla doaaa and orocracted expoaure. The reeponae in rata la linear between 25 and 400 rada. * The yield of tumora waa auppreaaed by ovariectomy. Irradiation of mammary tiaaua alono or in vitro with autotrana- plantation waa aufficient to induce tumora. ^ MacKenala* auggeated that tha Incidence of mammary tumor waa increaaed by extenaive fluoroecopy. Mettter at aL * have retroepectlvely followed women who had received radiotherapy to a aingle breaat for maatitia. Tumora appeared in higher incidence in the irradiated than in the nonirradlated breaat. Now, in thia iaaua of tha Journal. Wanabo etal. ^ report that tha incidence of tumora In tha breaata of the femalea exooaed to atomic-bomb radiation at Hiroahima and Nagaaaki ia increaaed and. in contraat to nonexooaed woman, occura in the premenopauaal period. The aaeociation between radiation expoaure and breaat tumora in women haa now bean auggeated in three atudtaa. Though atill tenuoua , thia aaaociation demanda continuing critical atudy...." Thoae interacted ahould alao aee "Acute Radiation Syndrome " a new IHF Medical Bulletin No. 14-68 --R. T. P. deT. 1. Furth. J. , and Furth. O. B. Neoplaetlc dlaeaaea produced in mica by general irradiation withx-raya. Am. J. Cancer 28 . 54-65. 1936. 2. Bond. V. P. , Cronkita. E. P.. Lippincott, S. W.. and Shellabarger. C. J. Studiea on radiation-induced mammary gland naoplaaia In rat. m. Relation of neoplaatic raaponae to doae of total-body radiation. Radiation Rooearch 12. 276-285. I960. 3. Shellabarger. C. J.. and Schmidt. R. W. Mammary neoplasia following in vitro x-irradiation of mammary tiaaua. Nature (London) 218, 192. 1968. 4. MacKenaia. 1. Breaat cancer following multiple fluoroacopiea. Brit. J. Cancer 19 1-8. 1965. 5. Mettler. F. A.. Jr., et al. Breaat neoplaama la women treated with x-ray for poat-oartum maatitia: preliminary report. Submitted for publication. 6. Wanebo, C. K.. Johanon. K. G.. Sato, K.. aadThoraiund. T. W. Breaat Cancer After Expoaure to tha Atomic Bomblnga of Hiroahima and Nagaaaki. N. Engl. J. Med. 279. 667-671. Sept.. 1968. I COMING EVENTS ~1 921 Nov. 1- 4 Aaaociation of American Medical Collagea. Houaton. Tex. Not. 4- 7 American laatitute of Ultraaonica in Medicine. Naw Orleaaa. La. Not. 6- 8 Pittaburgh Diffraction Conference. 26th Annual. Mellon laatitute. Pittaburgh. Pa. Not. 6- 9 Conference on Reapiratory Therapy (Annual). Boaton. Maaa. Not. 7- 8 American Academy of Compenaation Medicine. Meeting on Medical and Surgical Problema ia Workman'a Compenaation. New York, N. Y. Nov. 7. 9 American Society of Cytology. Cleveland, OMo. Nov. 7.10 Aaaociation of Clinical Scientiata. Annual Meeting, WaaMngtoa. D. C. Nov. 10-14 American School Health Aaaociation. Detroit. Mich. Nov. 10-15 American Aaaociation for Inhalation Therapy. Houaton. Tex. Nov. 11-13 American Aaaociation for Clinical Immunology and Allergy. Lae Vegaa. Nev. Nov. 11-14 Interetate Poatgraduata Medical Aaaociation of North America. Ptttaburgh. Pa. Nov. 11.15 American Aaaociation of Public Health Phyatciana, Detroit. Mich. Nov. 11-15 American College of Preventive Medicine, Detroit. Mich. Nor. 11-15 American Public Health Aaaociation. Detroit. Mich. . -w01 132 3852 . 3. Industrial Hygiene Dinit October. 1968 Nov. 13-15 Nov. 15-18 Nov. 18-20 Nov. 18-20 Nov. 18-21 Nov 18-21 Nov. 18-21 Nov. 19 Nov. 19-20 Nov. 20-22 Nov. 20-22 Nov. 21 -26 Nov. 22 Nov. 26 Nov. 30 Parenteral Drug Association. Annual Convention. New York. N. Y. American Speech and Hearing Aeeociation. Denver. Colo. American Petroleum Institute. Annual Meeting. Chicago. 111. National Fire Protection Association. Fall Conference. Milwaukee. Wis Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology (21st Annual). Houston. Tex 14th Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. New York. N Y Symposium on Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Colorado Springs. Colo Air Pollution Control Conference. University of Missouri. Columbia. Mo Council on Atheriosclerosis (American Heart Assn. ). Bal Harbour. Fla Aluminum Association. Fall Meeting, New York. N. Y National Society for the Prevention of Blindness. Inc. (Annual Conference). New York. N. Y. American Heart Association. Bal Harbour. Fla. Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Fibrous Dust Seminar. Mellonlnstitute. Pittsburgh. Pa. Manufacturing Chemists Association. Semiannual Meeting. New York, N. Y. AMA National Conference on Community Health Planning. Miami Beach. Fla. I LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS I 922 Safety and Health Regulations for Ship Repairing, Shipbuilding, and Shipbreaklng. Notice of proposed rule making la made pursuant to Section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U S C. 941) to amend 29 CFR. Parts 1501. 1502. and 1303. The changes are propoaed in view of the need to delineate the information to be obtained by the employer in order to meat the requirements of these parts. Written data, views or argument regarding the proposal may be filed by mail with the Director. Bureau of Labor Standards. U. S. Departmsnt of Labor. 400 First Street N. W.. Washington. D. C. 20210. within 60 days after thie document is published in the Federal Register. In 29 CFR 1301. S7, paragraph (d) would be revised to read as follows: 1301.37 Health and sanitation, (d) The information which must bs ascertained under paragraph (a) of this section includes information on all of the items listed below which are applicable to the specific product or material: (1) Manufacturer's name, address, and telephone number. (2) Chemical name and eyoonyms. trade name, chemical family, formula, and general description of single chemical, mixture of chemicals, or basic structural or process material. (3) Chemical names of ingredients, such as but not limited to those of mixtures, such as paints and preservatives, of alloys, filler metals, and welding rods, of platings, and of abrasive blasting materials. (4) Physical data, including Boiling Point, in degress Fahrenheit; Vapor Pressure, in millimeters of mercury; Reid Vapor Pressure, in pounds per equate inch absolute: Vapor Density of gas or vapor (alr-1); Free sing Point, in degrees Fahrenheit: Solubility in water, in percent by weight; Specific Gravity of liquid (water-1). Percentage Volatile, by volume; and Evaporation Rate for llqulde (ether-1). (3) Fire and explosion hasard data, including Flash Point, in degrees Fahrenheit; Autoignltlon Temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit; Flammable Limits, In percent by volume in air; Suitable extinguishing media or agents; Special fire fighting procedures; and Unusual fire hasards. (6) Health hasard data, including Threshold Limit Values, in millions of particles per cubic foot of air for dust, in milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air for fumes, and in parts per million parts of air by volume for gases and vapors; Odor Threshold. In parts per million parts of air by volume; Tootle characteristics: Signs of poisoning; Short Exposure Tolerance. In parts per million parte of air by volume; and First aid exposure procedures. (7) Reactivity data, including Stability; Computability; Decomposition products; and Polymerisation rate. (8) Sptll or leak procedures and precautions. (9) Spectal precautions recommended, including respiratory protection; ventilation, such as local exhaust, mechanical, special, or other; personal protective equipment, including protective gloves, eye protection, and protective clothing. (10) Handling and storage precautions. The required information shall be entered on U.S. Department of Labor Form LSB OOS-4, "Hatardous Material Data Sheet," or on an essentially similar form accepted by the Bureau of Labor Standards. The completed form shall be kept on file, available for inspection, for a period of at least 3 months from the date of the completion of the job. Similar changes are noted for Paragraphs 1302. 57 and 1503. 57. (F.R. Doc. 68-10156; Filed. Aug. 22, 1968; 8:45 a. m.) --Federal Register. 33. No. 165, Aug. 23. 1968 Editor's Note: At the suggestion of the Foundation's Chemical-Toxicological and Legal Com mittees and with the approval of the Foundation's Board of Trustees at its October 14 meeting, request has been made by Industrial Hxsitj^Foundatlon to appear and offer technical advice if hearings are held. - - R T. P. dsT. 4. 01 132 3853 Industrial Hygiene Digest October 196ft 923 Labor Secretary Proposes Stronger Health and Safety Standards Under Walsh-Healev Act. Secretary of Labor Willard Wirtz today propoaod revisions which would strengthen tha aaiatv and haalth atandarda of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracta Act. Thia Act aata baaic labor atandarda for work dona on United Stataa contracta over SiQ. 000 in value. Tha propoaad safety and haalth raviaiona would: (1) Limit the level of occupational noiae to 8$ decibela. establishing tha firat Federal occupational noiaa regulation. (2) Make acceptable under the Act safety and haalth standards developed under the consenaua principle by nationally recognized standard-setting agencies, such as the United States of America Standards Institute, f 3> Adoot radiation standards developed by the Atomic Energy Commission. (41 Adopt certain safety and health atandarda developed by the Compressed Cas Association, the National Committee on Traffic Safety, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (3) Establish threshold limits for exposure to toxic materials. If adopted, the proposed standards will revise those issued in December. 1960. These standards codified safety and health requirements under the Walsh-Healey Act for the first time. The proposed revisions incor porate recommendations offered at public hearings and at meetings with Industry and labor. Complete text of the proposed revisions will be published in the Federal Register on September 29. and a public hearing on tha proposals will be held at the Labor Department in Washington beginning November 6. --U.S. Dept, of Labor News Release. Sept. 20, 1968 Editor's Note: Regarding the above news release, the following information contained in a letter from George D. Clayton. Executive Secretary. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIKA). dated October 3. 1968, will be of interest: "Dr. Van Atta called today and pointed out two omissions in the regulations proposed by the Bureau of Labor, as printed in the Federal Register dated September 20. 1968. These are: (1) Words underlined were omitted in the following statement: The proposed noise level is 85 decibels on the A Scale slow response. (2) Entire statement should be added to the tail end of Paragraph A. 'U the noise levels cannot be restricted within the maximum professional level by such methods, employees' hearing shall be safeguarded by adequate, professional, protective equipment.' " Reportedly, the National Safety Council and the AIHA are prepared to offer testimony at the November 6 hearings. The complete text of the above reference is on file at IHF headquarters and may be made available to IHF members on request. --R. T. P. deT BOOKS. PAMPHLETS. AND NOTICES 924 Publications From East Germany. Arbeitshygienischa Information Bauwesen. Vol. 4. Nos. 1. 2 and 3 (1968). Arbeitshygienische Information, No. 5 (1966) and No. 8 (196T). Arbeitshygiene und Arbeitsschutz im Bauwesen (1966). Ergonomie A/beits-und Gesundheitsschutz Bau, No. 1 (1967). Jahresbericht (1967). All periodicals available from VEB Vertag fur Bauwesen. 108 Berlin. Franzoslsche Strasse. DDR. Germany. Subjects covered in the above listed publications include: occupational medicine, occupational hygiene, occupational physiology, occupational psychology, construction hygiene, prophylaxis and rehabilitation, geriatrics, noise problems in industry, lighting problems, and first aid. Reports from tha surgical and accident, women's, dermatitis, throat-nose-ear. eye. stomatology, x-ray and physiotherapy divisions ars Included, as well as material on legal aspects, publications, lectures, etc. --J. Metschl Editor's Note: The above publications have been received from H. G. Haubleln. M. D.. who is in charge of occupational medicine in East Germany. His annual rsport for 1967 was enclosed in correspondence, which is translated as follows (translated by J. Metschl). datsd August 6. 1968: ''We note with interest the recent publication of your 'Industrial Hygisne Highlights' and request a free copy in order to bring this work to the attention of our readers concerned with industrial hygiene in the construction industry. We would like to receive further material in the field of occupational health and safety. We enclose some of our material related to the 5. 01 Induatrial Hvaiene Diaeat October, 1968 above field*. With graateat raapact. (aigned) Olraktor: OMR Dr. H. C. Haublein. Dautacha Domokratiache Republlk, 102 Berlin. Magazinatraaaa 6-7, Carminy." Thaaa publication*, which ara written entirely Id Garman (without multilingual aummary), apparantly ara atralght- forward and not political in natura. Digaat raadara intaraatad in induatrial hygiana practicaa in Eaat Germany may find in auch publicationa a aourca of uaaful information not otharwiaa eaaily available. IHF review copiaa will be retained temporarily to determine if there ehould be intereat on the part of the Foundation'* memberahip in induatrial hygiene practicaa and problema in Eaat Germany. --R. T. P. deT INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE I 925 Criata in Our Tima. E. G. Dimond. Arch. Internal Med. JH. 171 -178 (Aug.. 1968). The phyaician deala with individual* one at a time. It ia natural for him to conaidar group plana or undertakinga aa alien to hia and hla patient'a welfare. Yet medicine la a public eervica function and the preaent aoclal revolution ia Involving medicine, whether or not the phyaician dealrea it. Recent medical organizational and legialative evanta relate to concepta of comprehenaive medicine and the peraonal phyaician. Health argument* baaed on aubatantial difference* are ahaping the future of phyaician* and practice. --J. Am. Med. Aean. Reference* li Review* 926 To Meet the Nation1* Health Need*. (1968 Shattuck Lecture to the Maaaachueette Medical Society, Boaton). R. Q. Maraton. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 520-S24 (Sept. S, 1968). Phyaician* tend to have trouble with thl* wideapread public clamor about the beat medical care for all. On the one hand, many believe it impllea undue critlelam of the medical profeaalon itaelf. beeauae each doctor ae an individual haa accepted the beat ia care aa a peraonal mandate throughout hia career. Secondly, it i* aeen aa a promt** that cannot be fulfilled, not only beeauae of the limitation* of reaourcea and mechaniama but alao beeauae the conaumer hlmaelf haa a dominant role In defining "the beat of medical care" -- a role we cannot and perhap* ahould not control. Thoma* Jefferaon. in June. 1776. in drafting the Declaration of independence, amphaaized that he waa giving expreaalon to widely held view* when he wrote: "We hold theae truth* to be aelf-evident. .. " It ia alao aelf-evident that the medical profeaalon la deeply committed to meeting the health need* nf the nation and that although we face a time of unpar alleled challenge we alao face a time of unparalleled opportunity. TUa. if you will, la a kind of declaration of interdependence. There are high hope* throughout the world that we in thl* country can demonatrate the eame typee of accompllahmenta in health care that we have demonatrated in other areaa, auch aa biomedical reeearch. Theee hopea and the expectation* of our own aoclety ara ao high indeed that we muat face reallatically the poaalbillty that the many challenge* may exceed our combined ability to meet alt of them ae we ahould like to. There haa never been a greater opportunity for all to work together for the achievement of truly important health goala. --Cond. from text 927 Characterlatica of Drug Abuaera Admitted to a Paychiatrlc Hoapltal. L. J. Hekimian and S. Gerahon. J. Am. Med. Aaan. 205. 125-130 (July IS. 1968). One hundred and twelv* drug abuaera admitted to Bellevue Paychiatrlc Hoapltal were atudled from a aocial. motivational, paychiatrlc, and pharmacological view. Heroin uaera were utually aociopathic ami were coating the city 810 million a day in Crimea to aupport their habit. Emotionally dlaturbed but younger groupa tended to uae marihuana, amphetaminea, and hallucinogen*. 'Fifty percent of thia groupware conaldered to be achlzophrenic before taking drug* and 37% required atata hoapitallzation. Thua, protracted peychotic etatea thought to be due to drug ingaatlon may be due to preaxiating mental dlaturbancea. A deaire for euphoria, poaaibly atemming from underlying depreaaion. wa* moat frequently the reaaon given for drug abuaa. influence* by friend* or environment waa the aecond moat frequent reaaon. Almoat all patient* had experianeea with drug* other than the one which cauaed admlaaion to the hoapltal. There are 14 referencea. --Author*' abat. Editor'* Note: Dr. Maraton (Abatract No. 926)^^*w head of National Inatitutea for Health, will find the Induatrial Hyglane Foundation'* Mbdtal health Study of Intereat. Utilization of exiatlng health reaourcea in induatry. recently eatlmated to coat 1/3 billion dollar* per year, to improve health aupport of employee* will benefit the entire community. --R. T. P. d*T. 6. 01 132 3855 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. ! 968 928 Annual_Review^_The-^ens_and_Vitreouei H. M. Fr<mia. Areh. Ophthalmol. 80. 132-144 (July. 1968). Approximately 400 artielaa pertaining to the lena and vitreoae were reviewed. Publications dealing with biochemistry and physiology of the lens will be dealt with in the annual review of "Biochemistry and Physiology of the Eye. " During the past year, there has been an awakening of clinical interest in the vitreoue. Improvements in instrumentation and techniques of exam ination of the vitreous cavity have led to a more accurate interpretation of vitreous findings and have accelerated developments in the promising Held of vitreous surgery. Therefore, a relative emphasis has been placed on the vitreous in this annual review. --J. Am. Med. Aesn. References 6 Reviews 929 Reading Aids for the Partially Sighted. L. L. Sloan. Arch. Ophthalmol. 80. 35-38 (July. 1968). A successful reading aid is defined as one which the patient ueee to read hooka, magazines or newspapers for at least IS minutes at a time. The aid is considered a partial succeas if the reading time is less or U only larger print can be read. A low incidence of failure was found in 513 unaelected patients. Occasional failures were associated with a changing level of visual impairment or a very small usable field of vision. The most important factor is the degree of magnification required fo.r easy reading. This determines the power and type of aid that is acceptable. Age is also important because it affects motivation and ability to learn a new way of reading. Even in patients with the worst prognosis, 1. e., those over 70 who required high magnification. 48% ware helped by a reading aid. --J. Am. Med. Assn. Referancea k Reviews 930 Chronic Nonspecific Respiratory Disease in a Movie Projectionists Union. Boston, 1963-1964. B. C. Ferris. Jr.. W. A. Burgess, and Jane Worcester. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 886-891 (June. 1968). (See also Industrial Hygiene Digest Abstract No. 955 for October. 1967). A survey of 166 members (96% of those available) of a movie projectionists union in the Boston area did not reveal significant differences in respiratory symptoms of pulmonary function between those who had entered the union prior to 1940 and those who had entered the union after 1940. Measurements Included responses to a standard questionnaire, and simple tests of pulmonary function. Cigarette-smoking habits were taken into account. Aerometric measure ments were made in the booths and were much lower than those reported in the literature prior to 1940. As a result of this morbidity survey we do not believe that these movie projectionists have had significant exposures at work. There are 7 references. --Authors' abet 931 Oxygen Concentration in Tents and Incubators in Paediatric Practice. H. Simpson and D. J. Russell. Brit. Med. J., No. 5573. 201-204 (Oct. 28. 1967). The oxygen concentrations attained in tents and incubators during routine pediatric use are reported. An oxygen concentration of 10 to 60 per cent is moat readily attained In the Oxygen- aire Humldalre Tent, the most efficient of the tents tested. Accurately controlled oxygen therapy in the range of 24 to 35 per cent is attainable in the Venturi Head Tent, which may find a place in pediatric oxygen therapy. Incubators la neonatal use generally fulfill their manufac- hirers' specifications. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dls. Absts. 932 Demineralisation of the Dorsum Sellae Associated With Alcoholism. M. Albert and M. LiMir Brit.-J. Radiol. 41,, 331 (1968). Five normoteneive patients were found with striking localised demineralisation of the dorsum sellae. Their ages ranged from 35 to 51 years. The changes were indistinguishable from those seen with increased intracranial pressure. All five patients were chronic alcoholics and none had evidence of raised intracranial pressure. The authors postulate that this finding may reflect early nutritional osteoporosis. --Can. Med. Aeen. J. Absts ; .v. # 7, 01 132 3856 Industrial Hvsiene Digest Octobr. 1968 933 Short Trm Treatment of Acuta Bursitis of the Shoulder. A Double-Blind Study of the Use of Indomathaeio and Ptacabo. A. Cohan and R. W. Cohan. Penna. Med. 66-70 (Sept.. 196S). Thirty-six men and women with moderate to very aevere burittla of the shoulder were treated for one week with either lodomethacin or placebo (2S mg. capaulea q. 6h.) in a double-blind trial. Reaponae of the nineteen patienta who took indomethacin waa Pair to Good (3.8 on a 5-point scale). Reaponae of the aeventeen who took placebo waa None to Fair (2. 9 on the acale). The difference in reaponae between the two groupa waa atatiatically aignificant. Side affecta occurred in two patienta. vis.. diarrhea of ehort duration in one who took indomethacin and nauaea controlled with antacid in one who took placebo. There are 5 referencea. --Authora' aummary 934 Brucella abortua in Freah Cream and Cream Producta. G. I. Barrow, at el. Brit. Med. J. 2 596-600 (June 8. 1968). Brucella abortua waa isolated in two separate episodes from whipped craam from four of seven fresh cream cakes. The subsequent investigations at the bakeries and dairies concerned 19 isolations of B abortua from various samples of cream. Both of these epiaodea were due to insufficient heat treatment of the cream at the dairies. In the survey B abortua waa also isolated by direct culture from five of 916 samples of clotted cream. This was* presumably due to either survival of these organisms during heat treatment, or to contamination after heat treatment. Closer attention should be paid to cream as a hasard to public health, and the need for the introduction of minimum bacteriological standards for craam is emphasised. --J. Am. Med Assn. Referencea k Reviews 935 Cytoplasmic Activity in Type I Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Induced by Macroatsrstated Albumin. Edith J. Hapke and H. J. Pederson. Science 161. 580-582 (Au. 2. 19681. After the intravenous injection of radioalbumin macroaggregate, large numbers of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed in the lung tissue of rats. The inclusions were located mainly in the cytoplasm of type I alveolar lining cells, appeared 40 minutes after the injection, and lasted up to 2 days. These observations suggest that the type I alveolar lining cells participate in the clearing mechanism of the lung tissue, a function that thus far has not been attributed to this type of cell. There are 3 references. --Authors' abst. 936 Natural History of Tuberculosis in Human Body. J. A. Myers, J. E. Bearman. and A. C. Botkins. Diseases of Cheat S3, 687-699 (June, 1968). Of 3. 192 graduates of three private hospital schools of nursing, 91.9% were traced. The 68 who died for non-tuberculous conditions and the 289 who were not located were followed medically for 1. 374 and 8, 734 person-years respectively before death or at the time of last contact. When prophylactic measures were wall under way (including tuberculin testing) only eight converters were found in all three schools. Among the 1. 323 students who reacted to tuberculin on admis sion. or converted while in school or after graduation. 3S (2.8%) subsequently developed clinical pulmonary leslonOt one had renal disease, and ten pleurisy with effusion. No student developed tuberculous meningitis of miliary dissemination. Among the 14 who converted while in school. 11 did so before 1939, two is 1943, and one in 1944. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References k Reviews 937 Pulmonary Complications and Water Retention in Prolonsed Mschanlcal Ventilation. A. Sladen. M. B. Laver, and H. Pontoppidan. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 448-453 (Aug. 29, 1968). In a retrospective study of 100 patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, water retention without evidence of cardiac failure developod in 19. This was associated with radiologic evidence of pulmonary edema and with the following significant changes: a mean gain in weight of 2. 6 kg; a mean increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient of 127 mm of mercury; a decrease in vital capacity of 29 pej^ent; a reduction la estimated compliance 8. 01 132 3857 Industrial Hvrlene Direct October. 1968 of 31 por coat: a fall la hematocrit of 13 par coat: and a decrease la tarum odium of S. 80 mEq par litar. Tbaaa changes vara ravariad aftor tha iaatttutloa of a negative watar balaaca by rastrietioa of watar intake and by diuratic tharapy. Radiologic improvamaat wa usually prompt. Tha appaaraaca of pulmonary adama may ba ralatad to a ralativa water overload, a rise in antidiuretic hormone production or subclinical cardiac failure. Thera are 24 references. -Authors' abst. 936 Occupation. Education, and Coronary Heart Disease. L. E. Hinkle. Jr., et al. Science 161. 238-246 (July 19. 1968). A 5-year prospective survey of the relation batweaa occupation, education, and coronary heart disease has been carried out among the 270. 000 men employed by tha Ball System throughout the continental United States. The findings indicate that man who attain tha highest levels of management as a group do not have a higher risk of coronary heart disease than man who remain at lower levels. Tha findings provide no evidence that men who have high levels of responsi bility, or who have been promoted rapidly, frequently, or recently, or men who are transferred to new departments or to new companies, have any added risk of coronary heart disease. On .the other hand, men who enter the organisation with a college degree have a lower attack rate, death rata, and disability rate for coronary heart disease at every age. in every part of the country, and in all departments of the organization. The difference in risk appears to exist at the time the men are hired and apparently is not greatly changed by any of the subsequent experiences of the man. We have discussed soma of tha reasons for believing that this differ ence in risk is not a result of the educational process itself, but is the result of biological differences between the college and no-college men which are related to, but not neceesarily the result of. the differences in social and economic backgrounds from which they originated; some of these differences seam to take tha form of habits of eating and smoking, which are formed in childhood and youth and persist during adult life. There are 30 references. --Authors' summary 939 Licorice and Hypertension. R. E. LeFebvre and J. Marc-Aurale. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99. 230-231 (Aug. 3. 1968). This case concerns a 34-year-old woman. In April, 1966, she was hospitalised for a dilatation and curettage following a spontaneous abortion. On admission, her blood pressure was noted to be 170/100. Because the blood pressure remained elevated, a full renal and hypertensive investigation was undertaken. All investigated parameters were found to be normal. About one week after her admission the blood pressure spontaneously returned to normal and she was discharged. Convinced that her symptoms and hypertension were emotional in origin, the patient returned to her occupation of nursing. While working in a postoperative recovery room, she would havo her blood pressure taken regularly and noted it to be consistently elevated between 200/100 and 240/140. Disturbed by this persistent high blood pressure she consulted the authors. During questioning, the patient volunteered the information that she had developed a peculiar habit -- that it was not unusual for her to eat at least two pounds of fresh licorice a week. Physical examination at this time revealed only an elevated blood pressure of 220/11 5, and there were no signs of neuromuscular disturbance. In ensuing days, tha patient on her own accord decided to stop eating lleorlca. She continued to have her blood pressure taken regularly at work, and within a week it had dropped to 140/90. Since giving up the habit her blood pressure has remained within normal limits between 110/70 and 140/90. The patient admitted that while in the hospital in April. 1.966, aha had not eaten any licorice. The effect of tha crude extract of tha root of glycyrrhisaglabra. bettor known as licorlca, upon the human system is discussed in detail. There are 10 references. --Cond. from text 940 Licorice-Induced Pseudoaldosteronism. Hypertension, Hypokalemia. Aldosteronopenla, and Suppressed Plasma Renin Activity. J. W. Conn. D. R. Rovner. and E. L. Cohen. J. Am. Med. Assn. 205, 492-496 (Aug. 12. 1968). Hypertension, initially normokalsmic. was eventually associated with hypokalemia, alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity, and aldosteronopenla in a 58-year-old man who had ingested two to three 36-gm licorice candy bars daily for six years t : balance 9. Industrlal HVStene Dlsaat October. 1968 itudin recorded complttt recovery upon cessation of licorice ingestion. The lyndromt wti reproduced experimentally by Orel administration of ammonium glycyrrhisate. the compound in licorice reeponeible for (odium retention. In categorizing me chanlam* of hypertension. it ia important to asaeee the functional (tote of the renin-aldosterone ayatem by meaauring both factora. When both yield low valuea it ia likely that a potent sodium-retaining aubatanee. other than aldoaterone. either of endogenoua or of exogenoua origin, ia at work. Licorice-induced hypertenaion aervee a model of hypertenaive diaeaaa developing aa the reault of ingeation of a foodatuff poaaeaatng sodium retaining activity. There are 15 referencea. --Authora' abat. 941 Coronary Atheroacleroaia in Peraone Dying Violently. B. Viel. S. Donoao, and D. Salcedo. Arch. Internal Med. 21. 97.103 (Aug.. 1968). Autopaiea on 1, 150 men and 290 women following violent death were analyeed to clarify etiology of atheroaclerotic leaiona. Soft leaiona were noted in coronary arteriea in peraone leea than ten yeara of age and increaaingly to age 30, without aignificant differencea between eenea. Hard leaiona with more accelerated growth appeared later in life; women between agea 20 and 45 had a significantly lesser amount than men. The left anterior deecendlng coronary artery was most affected by atheroacleroaia among men over age 35. High aocioeconomic etatua. obesity, and intellectual work showed a significant association with hard atherosclerotic lesions. Neither alcohol nor smoking seamed related to atherosclerosis. - -J. Am. Med. Asan. References 6 Reviews 942 Diabetes Mellitua in Old Age. A. Harth. Geriatrics 23. 138.145 (June. 1968). In a follow-up study of 70 elderly diabetic patients residing in an Israeli geriatric home during a three-year period there ware no serious cases of acidosis, and the claaelc complications of diabetes were not prevalent. There was no direct relationship between damage to the blood vessels, nerves, or retinas and the severity of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism. Most of the patients in this group reacted positively to chlorpropamide treatment, without any aide effect. The author feels that strict diet for elderly patients ia not important and the outlook for aged diabetic patients appears to be quite favorable. Perhaps the preeent criteria used in diagnosis of diabetes in old age should be revised. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References 6 Reviews 943 Glycosuria and Plabel.es Mellitua in Canadian Eskimos. O. Schaefer. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99. 201-206 (Aug. 3. 1968). Of 3, 716 Canadian Eskimos screened in recent surveys, 4.7% showed glycosuria, the incidence varying from 2. 4% in coastal Eastern Arctic Eskimos to 10. 7% in the Caribou Eskimos of the Central Arctic. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between glycosuria and levels of blood sugar, the latter being generally low. Males had a markedly higher incidence of glycosuria than females, and there was a consistent decline of the male to female ratio from the Eastern to the Central Arctic. A higher incidence among relatives appeared at least partly independent of diet. In contrast to the relatively high incidence of glycosuria, diabetes mellitua is still very rarely found in Canadian Eskimos. A review of the 15 patients in whom a diagnosis of diabetes had been made la the last 10 years revealed that the diagnosis had been correct in only two (one of these being secondary to acromegaly) and questionable ia two others of a total of approximately 13, 000 Eskimos. There are 23 references. --Author's summary 944 Circulatory Effects of Nicotine Aerosol Inhalations and Cigarette Smoking in Man. A. Herxheimer. et al. Lancet jl. 754-755 (Oct. 7, 1967). Five healthy volunteers, four men and one woman, took part in the present study. All subjects had been smoking 5 to 15 cigarettes per day for three years, and all inhaled. The subjects refrained from smoking during the two hours preceding the experiment. Experiments were separated by at least one day. A comparison was made between the effect of smoking a commer cially available filter-tip cigarette and a filter-tip cigarette made from cured lettuce leaves that contained no nicotine and the effect of inhaling an aerosol containing S3 mg of nicotine per metered 10. 01 132 3859 tnduetrial Hygiene Pjgeet Octobr. 1968 puff from a apecially prepared Medihaler" aad a control aoroaol containing only the propallant. inhalation of imoka from tha flit* r-tip cigaratta aad of nicotiaa aaroaol in approximately equivalant amounta producad a aimilar iacreaaa in pulaa rata aad blood praaaura. Inhalation from tha nicotine-free cigarettaa and from tha aaroaol propallant alona had no affact on the circulation. Am. Rev. Reap. Die. Abit*. 945 Luna Cancer and Bronchitio in Relation to Cigaratta Smoking aad Fuel Conaumption in Twenty Countriea. P. Stocka. Brit. J. Prav. Soc. Mad. _2^. 181*185 (Oct.. 1967). Mala death ratea from lung cancer and bronchitia in relation to conaumption of cigarettaa per adult older than 15 yeara and of aolid and liquid fuel par capita ware atudied in 20 countriea. The reaulta auggaat that although cigaratta amoking ia tha moat important factor in determining national death ratee from lung cancer in man younger than 45. air pollution by coal emoke ia aa important aa cigarette amoking in determining tha death ratea in thoae older than 55. and the two factora are aufficient to account for tha rata variation in 17 countriea; in the remaining three countriea --Finland. Auatria. and the Natharlanda--additional unknown factora appear to ba operating. --Am. Rev. Reap. Die. Abeta. 946 The Role of Nicotine aa a Determinant of Cigarette Smoking Frequency in Man With Obaarvationa of Certain Cardiovaacular Effecta Aaaociatad With tha Tobacco Alkaloid. B. R. Luccheai, C. R. Schuater, aad C. S. Emley. Clin. Pharmacol. Thar. . 789-796 (Nov. -Dec.. 1967). The affact of intravanouety adminiaterad nicotine on amoking behavior .waa atudied in amokara who ware unaware of the nature of the adminlatared drug aad tha true purpoee of the etudy. Smoking behavior waa not altered aignificantly whan nicotiaa waa adminiatarad in a doae of 1 mg par hour for aix houra. A algnlflcant dacraaaa ia amoking frequency waa obtained wban nicotine waa adminiatarad at tha rata of 2 to 4 mg par hour. Recordinge of ayatolic blood praaaura. heart rata, aad electrocardiographic findinga indicate that tha phyeiolocic alteration!) in thoae paramatara produced by amoking can be reproduced by parenteral nicotine. -Am. Rev. Reap. Oia. Abate. 947 Mouth Abaorptlon of Varioua Compound* in Cigarette Smoke. T. Dalhamn, M-L. Edfori. and R. Rytender. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 851 -835 (June. 1968). The abaorptlon in the mouth of volatile aad aaroaol componanta ia cigarette amoke waa atudied in humana. Determination* ware made of acetaldehyde, leoprane. acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, aad particulate matter uaiag gaachromatography aad fluorometrlc methoda. Tha amount of the varioua compounda in amoke coming directly from tha cigarette aad amoke which had itayad in the mouth for two aacoada were determined. The reaulta were expreaeed aa percent abaorption. The abeorptioa waa higher for water-aoluble compounda (around 60%) than for non-water-aoluble compounda (around 20%). No correlation waa found between boiling point aad abaorptlon. Sixteen percent of the particulate matter waa retained in tha mouth. A lower abaorption waa found among heavy amokara for iaopreae, acetaldehyde, aad aceton itrile. There are 9 referancea. --Author*' abat. 948 Smoking Habit* of Men Employed ia Induatry, and Mortality. C. Z. Brett aad B. Benjamin. Brit. Mad. J. 3. 82-85 (July 13. 1968). In a proapectlve atudy the amoking habit* of 54. 460 male laduatrlal worker* aged 40 year* and over were related to the death* that had occurred ia thla population over a period of three year*. Of 37, 448 cigarette amokera, 14. 4% retained the cigarette ia the mouth between puffa ("drooping cigarette"); drooping Increaaea in frequency with the amount amoked. The annual mortality rate~from lung cancer waa 0. 3/1, 000 for both noaamokera aad examokera aad 1.2/1, 000 for cigarette amokere. a ratio of 1:4. Tha higheat mortality from lung cancer waa obaerved in heavy amokera (2.4/1, 000) aad particularly in heavy amokera addicted to tha drooping cigarette (4.1/1,000). There waa aa overall aa well aa aa age-apecific gradient of lung cancer mortality with amount* amoked. The mortality from coronary thromboala In amokera waa nearly three time* that in nonamokar*. A mortality gradient with rlaiag conaumption of cigarette* wae clearly defined. No correlation between emoking aad mortality waa found ia other cardlovatcular dlaeaae and cerobrovaacular .diejepe*. --J. Am. Mad. Aaan. Reference* fc Review* Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 949 Value of Lung Cancer Detection by Six-Monthly Chert Radiograph!. G. Z. Brett. Thorax (London! 23. 414*420 (July, 1968). Result! are reported of a controlled prospective study carried out by the mass radiography service of the NW Metropolitan Region which evaluates early lung cancer detection by sixmonthly x-ray examinations. The lung cancer experience of a test group of 29, 723 men aged 40 and over who were offered six-monthly surveys during three years, is compared with a similarly constituted control group of 25. 311 men who were x-rayed only at the beginning and the end of the study. Nearly 99% were followed up. The annual detection rate of lung cancer by six-monthly surveys was 0. 9 per thousand, 65% of these cases were resected. In the test group as a whole, 43. 6% of lung cancer was operable compared with 29% in the control, the difference (P = 0.03) being statistically significant. The annual mortality rate from lung cancer was 0. 7 per thousand in the test and 0. 8 in the control. --J. Am. Med. Asen. References 6 Reviews 950 Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy: The Effect Upon the Hematocrit and Add-Base Balance of the Newborn Infant. M. K. Younossai, A. Kaeic. and J. C. Haworth. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99. 197-200 (Aug. 3. 1968). Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded for the first 48 hours of life in 16 infants whose mothers smoked 20 cigarettes or more a day throughout their pregnancies and were compared with the findings in 16 infanta whose mothers ware non-smokers. Both groups of infants were born at full term and ware clinically healthy. The mean carbon monoxide saturation of hemo globin in the venous blood of the cigarette-smoking mothers at the time of delivery was 8. 3% and in the non-smoking mothers 1.2%. The corresponding mean umbilical cord vein blood levels were 7. 3% and 0. 7%. The blood pH. Pcot, bicarbonate and lactate values in both groups of infanta were within the normal range for newborn infanta. The infants of the cigarette- smoking mothers, however, showed a higher mean capillary blood hematocrit and a mild metabolic acidoels. Although these minor abnormalities did not appear to be of elinlcal significance in the group of infants studied, further investigation of infants of women who smoke during pregnancy might determine the cause of the increased incidence of low birth weight in these infants. There are 30 references. --Authors' summary 951 Infiltrative Lung Diseases. P. P. VanArsdel. Jr., and R. Thune. Yale J. Biol. Med. 40. 501-506 (April-June. 1968). An increasing number of patients with infiltrative lung disease were found to be hypersensitive to organic dusts. The best known groups are farmers exposed to thermophilic molds, pigeon and parakeet fanciers, and sugar cane workers. The patients studied are pigeon-fanciers whose symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities were reproduced by Inhalation of dilute pigeon serum. The sera of these patients contained precipitating antibodies to pigeon serum, and skin reactions were characteristic of the Arthus phenomenon. There are as yet no good animal models; the various possibilities are reviewed with two main objectives in mind. The first is the identification of a similar disease produced by antigen inhalation, either naturally acquired or experimentally produced. The second is an attempt to produce disease by passive administration of human antibody followed by antigen challenge. This would test the hypothesis that this diagnostically important precipitating antibody is direetly involved in the production of lung tissue damage. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References Ii Reviews 952 Nasal Cancer in Woodworkers in Furniture Industry. E. D. Acheson. et al. Brit. Med_J. 2. 587-595 (June 8. 1968). The material reported shows beyond reasonable doubt that cabinetmakers, chalrmakers. and wood machinists in the furniture Industry in the southern part of the Oxford Hospital region are at special risk in respect to adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and alnusea, especially the ethmoid. The risk also extends to a significant but lesser extent to persons employed in other trades exposed to dust in the furniture industry. Carpenters and joiners never employed in the furniture industry i-ithsr have no increased risk, or an increase in risk which is not detectable in a population of this sise. The best estimates of the latent period of the tumor is 39 years, but tumors may develop aftuas file as five years' exposure in persons who have i2. 01 132 3861 Industrial Hvsiene Disest October. 1968 left the industry. A constitusnt of wood dust which is inhaled and is present in such commonly used hardwoods as beech and oak is etiologically related to the development of these tumors. Polishes, lacquers, and varnishes are unlikely to be incriminated. The factor concerned was present as early as 1920 and at least as recently as 1940. It is likely that further cases will occur. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References b Reviews 953 A Survey of Trichinosis Amons Black Bears in Vermont. F. L. Babbott. Jr., and B. W. Day. Jr Arch. Environmental Health 16. 900-902 (June, 1968). Following the 1964 and 1965 hunting seasons, diaphragm and loin or rump specimens from 35 black bears shot in Vermont were examined for evidence of trichinosis. Laboratory studies included direct microscopy as wall as digestion and concentration techniques. No larvae of Trichinella spiralis were found In this 119* sample of the annual bear kill. There are 12 references. Authors' abst. 954 Mite Infestations of Man Contracted From Dope and Cats. L. R. Thomaett. Brit. Med. J. 3. 93-95 (July 13. 1968). Acarine infestations of the dog and cat and their transmissibUity to man are discussed. The relationship between age incidence in the host, duration of disease, and circumstances under which the animal is kept ara stated. Of 65 human contacts at risk to 42 infected dogs and cats. 50 exhibited lesions of mite infestation. Of these lesions, 48% ware confined to the arms and torso. Considering animal mite infestation in the differantlal diagnosis of human pruritls and papular skin diseass is important. --J. Am. Mad. Assn. References k Reviews 955 Human Plame in the United States. 1900-1966. J. L. Catan and L. Kartman. J. Am. Med. Assn. 205, 333-336 (Aug. 5, 1968). One or two cases of human plague occur on the average in the United States each year. The occurrence of seven cases in 1965 and five in 1966 led to this review of the available records. A total of 547 cases of human plague with 349 deathe was reported in the continental United States from 1900 to 1966. Epidemics, following episootics in urban rats, account for 432 of the cases with 284 deaths, all prior to 1925. From 1908 to 1966, contact with wild-rodent sources caused an additional 115 cases with 65 deaths. There are 14 references. --Authors' abst. 956 Toartcology in the Emertency Room. S. Schots. Penna. Med. 71. 51-52 (Sept., 1968). The treatment of the poisoning victim regardless of the mode involves four disciplines. It is important that these dleclplinos be taken up in the following order: (1) The care of the res piratory and circulatory systems. (2) The possible evaluation of poisons which may still be lodged in the stomach. (3) Measures for hastening the elimination of the poisons. (4) Msasures for neutralining the effect of the poisons already absorbed--if this is practical. In any case of serious proportions, a plastic needle or catheter should be rapidly inserted into the most readily accessible vein and kept open with a suitable intravenous solution. This acta as an avenue for administering whatever is needed in fluid therapy as well as corrective drug therapy. An endotracheal tube with an inflatable cuff inserted prior to passing the stomach tuba may be necessary to protect the patient from vomiting and aspirating stomach contents. Substances such as central nervous system depressants which exert thalr effect in proportion to thalr concentration in the blood can be removed by vigorous diuresis. As much as 600 ce of fluid may be given per hour as long as the urine volume is within 1, 200 cc of the intravenous intake par day. Substances such as acetylsallcylic acid which in overdose can produce severe acidosis have to be treated by the giving of suitable amounts of a buffering alkali. The only adequate method of handling is tike frequent analysis of the arterial blood to assess the patient's needs. Such determinations on anaerobically drawn arterial blood are much preferable to the mors commonly performed carbon dioxide combining power. --Coed, from text 13. > 01 132 3862 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1<>6B 957 Pulmonary Emphynnu and Cigarette Smokt. Experimental Induction end Use of Bronchodilator* in Rati. H. Ito and D. M. Aviado. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 865-870 (June. 1968). Rata exposed to cigarette smoke daily for ten weeks did not develop signs of pulmonary emphysema. The rata subjected to experimental ligation of the trachea and intratracheal injection of papain developed signs of pulmonary emphysema but expoeure to cigarette emoke did not uniformly influence the various signs. Functional residual capacity was not markedly elevated although histological examination showed a higher percentage of air spaces in emphy sematous rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Cigarette emoke caused an increase in pulmonary resistance only in the rats with experimental emphysema. The increase in resistance is interpreted to mean an increase in broncho-motor tone. Ieoproterenol injection induces bronchodilatation, more intensely in rats exposed to cigarette emoke. There are 11 references. Authors' summary 958 ^ensitometric^Jtnal^iis^fjsiormAl^endjLmEh^sematoue^^LuryLTissua^ S. C. Clauser and Elinor M. Clauser. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 862-864 (June. 1968). As emphysema is a disease entity which Is characterised by overinflated alveoli and thin fragmented alveolar walla undergoing destructive change, it was decided to teat the postulate that emphysematous lung tissue prepared by normal histological techniques is less optically dense than normal lung tissue. Slides of thin sections of lung tissue were placed on the stage of a photoelectric densitometer. This stage was driven at a constant rate so that the entire width of lung tissue was scanned and the optical density and integrated optical density recorded. Average optical density for normal piglet lung sections was found to be 3. 87, while average optical density for emphysematous piglet lung sections was found to be 2. 94. This difference is statistically significant. Hence photoelectric densitometry of lung sections will distinguish between normal and emphysematous lung sections. There are 10 references. --Authors' abst. 959 Annual Cycle In Ventilatory Capacity of Men With Pneumoconiosis and of Normal Subjects. C. B. McKerrow and C. E. Roeslter. Thorax (London) 23. 340-349 (July. 1968). The forced expiratory volume over 0.75 eecond (FEVq ^,) was measured monthly for three years in 28 working ex-miners with pneumoconiosis asii for one year in 17 normal laboratory workera. A eigniflcant annual variation of 0. 044-liter amplitude was found in the ex-miners with minimum and maximum values on February 2nd and August 3rd. respectively, and in normal subjects of about 0.10 liter. Atmospheric dry bulb temperature had a cyclical pattern in phase with that of the ventilatory capacity of the ex-mlners but there was no strong correla tion between the deviations from these cyclical components. No relation was found with relative and absolute humidity and barometric pressure. Fourteen of the ex-miners had attacks of purulent sputum but those attacks did not acutely lower the ventilatory capacity although they were associated with a greater animal decline in it. The cyclical variation la ventilatory capacity may represent an intrinsic biological rhythm, perhaps modified by environmental temperature. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 960 A Cooperative Study of Certain Measurements of Emphysema. W. M. Thurlbeck, et al. Am. Rev. Reap. Ols. 98. 21.7-228 (Aug.. 1968). Forty paper-mounted whole lung sections were examined by 9 observers expert in the pathology of emphysema. There was wide variation in interpretation of the presence or absence of emphysema, the type of emphysema, and the extent and severity of the disease. This was attributed, in part, to the different techaiquee used to measure emphysema and the nature of material studied. The major difference was attributed to interobserver variation, particularly of 2 observers who saw large amounts of panlobular emphysema. Thera was generally a aimilarity in ordinal ranking. At the present time, similar experiences may be described differently because of differences in interpretation. However, an agreed visual grading system may obviate many of these differences. Two references are given. --Authors' summary . ** 14. 01 132 3863 Industrial Hv*in* Dtit October. 1968 961 Cellular Effects of L**r Radiation. Light Microscopic Studi** on Injury of the Mou* Liver. C. C. Faith, at al. Arch. Pathol. 86. 262-278 (Sept.. 1968). Bursts of ruby laser aoargy from 23 to 135 joules/sq cm were directed at tha exposed llvara of anesthetised mica. Immediately. light gray loaloaa appeared that extended hamlapharically into tha parenchyma. At high aaargiaa, thara waa cavtutioa aad extrusion of tlaoua. Portlona of tha lesions vara fixad, embedded In paraffin or epoxy resin. and examined microacopicatly. Celia ware diatortad. Intercellular apacaa widened, aad ataiaiag propertiee altered. Nucleoplaamic conatituanta became aggregated, aad cytoplaamic componanta ware often markedly diaarrangad. Within tha perapective of tha literature oa photic, thermal, and laaer injury, it ia concluded that a reaaonable concept of the pathogeneaia of laser-inducsd necroaia ia one of heat-mediated denaturation aad coagulation of cell proteiaa. and vaporiaation of tiaaue water, creating multiple Intercellular and intracellular apacea. There are 73 refereneea. --Author*' abat. I SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS I 962 Pulmonary Complication* of Burn Patient. C. 0. Shook. B. C. MacMillan, and W. A. Altemeier. Arch. Surg. 97. 215-224 (Aug.. 1968). Pulmonary complication* are being aeen with increealng frequency a* a contributing cauae of death in fatally burned patlenta. Thirteen burn patient* who required continuoua poaitive preaaure ventilation for more than 48 hour* were atudled. A apecial mixture waa uaad in the nebulixation fluid in several patlenta and consisted of heparin, hydrocortisone, aad gentamicin. Twelve of the patient* died (92% mortality rate). Lesion* found la the lung at autopsy Included pneumonia, pulmonary edema, septic infarct*, tracheobronchitis, aad atelectasis. Atelectasis was a frequent finding aad was probably due primarily to continuous ventilation with a constant tidal volume without frequent hyperinflation. Hyalin membranes were observed microscopically ia some patients aad were attributed to prolonged use of high oxygen tension in the inspired air. Tha recommended therapeutic program for respiratory embarrassment ia the burn patient include* aseptic management of adequate airway, frequent monitoring of arterial blood gaa studies, x-rays, aad sputum cultures, adequate humidification, nebulixation mixture including heparin, hydrocortisone aad gentamicin, aad prevention of atelectasis by hyperexpanaioa of tha lungs at frsquent intervals. --J. Am. Mad. Assn. References fc Reviews 963 Pseudomonas Vaccine and Hyperimmune Plasma for Burned Patients. I. Feller aad C. Pierson. Arch. Surg. 97. 225-229 (Aug., 1968). A Pseudomonas vaccine aad human hyperimmune plasma have been prepared aad used in 100 severely burned patients with a marked reduction la tha incidence of aad mortality from Pseudomonad septicemia. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References 6 Reviews 964 Jean Henri Fabre aad the Patch Test. A. Rostanbert, Jr., aad L. M. Solomon. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 188-190 (Aus. 1968). Jean Henri Fabre was a 19th century French entomologist who studied the effects of caterpillars oa human skin. Living ia almost total Isolation la the French couatryaide. unaware of tha dermatologist Jadassohn's simultaneous endeavor* ia a similar area. Fabre independently evolved an excellent system of epicutaneous patch testing. Ia his tan-volume treatise. "Les Souvenirs Eatomologiqua*. "Fabre carefully outlined his patch test method aad described urticarial aad ecaematous contact dermatitis. This paper reviews the largely ignored contri butions to cutaneous allergy made by this ingenious French entomologist 11 year* before the concept of allergy was promulgated by von Pirquet. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References 6 Reviews 01 132 3864 15. Industrial Hysienv Digest October. 1968 965 NickI Earlobe Dermatitis. T. L. Watt and R. R. Vtunau. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 155-158 (Aug.. 1968). Savcntaan young woman who btctnu aUorglc to nickol following aarloba piarcing procedures were obeerved during a 12-month period. All of the women developed drainage, eczematoua, pierced lobe* after wearing implanted earring* two to four week*. Ten of them subsequently developed more widespread reactions. Fifteen of the women had signs or symptoms of the atopic diathesis. The nickel earlobe dermatitis is frequently mistaken for a chronic infection of the earlobes. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 966 Leprosyin the Toronto Area. A. L. Hudson. Can. Med. Asen. J. 99, 176-179 (July 27, 1968). Leprosy can occur anywhere, and must be considered in the differential diagnoses of chronic skin disorders, to avoid failure to recognise it. A punch biopsy is a simple diagnostic measure and. provided that the pathologist is informed that Hansen's disease Is a possibility, is a sine qua non in diagnosis. The treatment period is long and may be accompanied by puasilng complications. For this reason it is suggested that the management of leprosy should be in the hands of a physician who has had some experience with the disease. Both the physician and the public should be more aware of the existence of leproey in areas other than the tropics, and especially in individuals who have lived in areas where the disease is endemic. The stigma attached to the word leprosy might well be avoided if the disease were referred to in all publications as Hansen's disease. There are 6 references. --Author's conclusions 967 Bensoyl Peroxide-Sulfur Lotions. P. Vasarinsh. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 183-187 (Aug.. 1968). Bensoyl peroxide and sulfur lotions were applied to normal and acne skin and serial biopsies were studied. Bensoyl peroxide causes dilatation of upper dermal vessels and perivascular infiltrate, with only minimal epidermal edema. Addition of sulfur increases the epidermal reaction. Despite clinical improvement, no changes of comedones or sebaceous glands were found. The response to a primary irritant is predominantly dermal. In the absence of classical epidermal changes of primary irritant dermatitis, the exfoliation caused by bensoyl peroxide is probably secondary to a variety of dermal and epidermal processes, eg, vasodilatation, increased mitotic rate, defatting of stratum corneum, sad the effects of oxidants on disulfide bonds of intercellular bridges or the cement substance. Relief of follicular obstruction is not obtained by direct action on the comedonic plug. The histologically observable effect of bensoyl peroxide and sulfur is maximal at the dermal level, closer to the original site of acne patho genesis. --J. Am. Med. Asea. Refereacee It Reviews I CHEMICAL HAZARDS I 968 Myocardial Toxicity From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. R. F. Anderson. D. C. Allensworth. and W. J. deCroot. Ana. Internal Med. 67. 1172-1182 (Dec., 1967). Seven cases are described in two families, emphasising the individual susceptibility to CO and the seriousness of the resulting myocardial lesion. A family of four was discovered unconscious in their tightly dosed home; one (invented natural gas heater and a pilot light were burning. The infant was dead ou arrival; CQHb saturation of his venous blood was 55%. The father was admitted unconscious but. after oxygen therapy, regained consciousness. Five days later, however, he complained of sudden, severe, subeternal pain: ventricular fibrillation ensued, followed by death- Autopsy revealed a mural thrombus in the left ventricle with coronary embolism. In another family, three woman were poisoned while being transported by ambulance for about 6 hr. The case* and their therapy are discussed. Patients poisoned with CO should be observed with serial electrocardiogram*. CKC abnormalities are frequent and may occur promptlyior after the acute episode has subsided. --APCA Absts. 01 132 3865 Induatrtal Hvrln Digaat October, 1968 969 Neurological Complication* of Carbon Monoxide Poiaoning. H. Garland aad J. Paarca. Quart. J. Mad. 36. 445 (1968). Four patlaats Buffering from aavara accidental carbon monoxide poiaoning ara daacribad. Attention ia drawn to tha groaa aad diffuae cortical damage which occura aad to tha parietal loba diaturbancaa. with particular reference to thair clinical praaantation. In gaaaral. tha prognoaia ia favourabla. but occaaional example* of permanent brain damaga ara known to occur. Tha pathology and phyaiology of CO poiaoning ara diacuaaad aad aoma of tha appro priate literatura ia reviewed. --Can. Med. Aaaa. J. Abate 970 Determination of Fluoride in Bona With the Fluoride Electrode. L. Singer aad W. D. Armatrong. Anal. Cham. 40. 613-614 (March. 1968). Electrode* mada from aiagle-cryatal aectioae of rare earth fluoride have bean developed to meaaure fluoride ion activity in aolutiona. A eimple direct method for determination of fluoride in bone with the uae of a fluoride ion electrode aad a conventional potaealum chloride electrode ia rapid and accurate. Factora auch aa pH. ionic atrength, temperature, and aoma other iona muat be rigoroualy controlled in both etandard aad unknown aolutiona to obtain meaningful reauita. The method ia applicable alao to fluoride ia the aah of other normal and pathological calcificationa. --APCA Abata. 971 Haaarda of Hydrogen Sulfide. P. D. Halley. Med. Bull. (Std. OU N.J.I27. 219-236 (Nov.. 1967). Tha phyaical propertiea aad phyaiological effecta of H|S are reviewed. Ita diaagreeable odor occura at low concentratlona; at higher levala (500-1000 ppm), it becomaa aweat-amelllng. HjS acta aa an irritant to lung tiaaue ia high concentratlona. aa an irritant to the eyea in low- level, repeated expoauraa or ia ahort expoaura a to high concentratlona, and aiao producaa reaplratory paralyaia at levala of 500-700 ppm or more. Skin contact ia not conaidared algniflcant, although a perforated ear drum can be a route of algnlficant expoaure. A table ia provided with repreeantativa phyaiological reaponaea to varioua levala of H|S. Immediate unconaclouaneaa with reaplratory arreat aad death in a few miautea follow* expoaure to 1000- 5000 ppm. Maximum expoaure level for 1 hr. without aerioue conaequencea la 170-300 ppm. Sourcaa. concentratlona, aad actual caaea of HjS poiaoning ia the petroleum induatry are cited. It ia emphaaised that negligence in carrying out eafety precautiona (uae of reaplratory protective equipment) ia not limited to new employeea. --APCA Abata. 972 Luna Function Followina Expoaure To, aad Recovery From, Nltroien Dioxide. J. T. Davidaon. at al. Iarael J. Med. Sci. 3, 470-474 (May-Juae, 1967). Albino rabbita (6 montha to 1 yr. old) were axpoaed contiauoualy to approximately 8-12 ppm of NOj aad teated for pulmonary function after 3-4 montha' expoaure. During the firat 12 week* of expoaure, 50-60% of the teat animala died. Autopaiea revealed extenalve pulmonary congeatloa, edema, aad bronchial pneumonia. In the 13 aurvivora, the over-all picture waa one of aevere airway obetructlon with marked hyperinflation aad arterial oxygen deaaturation (decreeaing aignificaatiy to 65 mm Hg). A algnlficant increaae in nonelaatic reaiatanca of the luaga waa the moat conalatent aad marked abnormality recorded. Mean reaiatanca increaaed to 157 ea H|0/1 aec, compared with 37 in the controla. Static lung compliance waa not aignificaatiy different. Four animala. removed to breathe normal air after reaplratory phyaio- logical diaturbancaa were well eatabliahed (3-4 montha). Improved or recovered; the main reelduai abnormality wea nonelaatic reaiatanca. --APCA Abata. 973 The Renal Tubule in Lead Poiaonlna. I. Mitochondrial Swelline and Aminoaciduria. R. A. Coyer. Lab. Inveat. _1_9. 71-77 (July, 1968). Rata fed a diet containing lead acetate develop an exceaaive aminoaciduria within 3 week*. Electron microacopy of kidney* ahowa two diatlnct hiatologle feature*, intranuclear lnclualona and ewelling of mitochondria. Theae change* are confined to cell* of proximal convoluted tubule*. The number of incluaioqp inyhaae* with time of ingeatlon of the lead-containing dtyt 17. Industrial Hygiene PiHH October. 19bg Mitochondrial lesions appaar maximal after ingaation of tha axparimantal laad diat for approximataly 10 weeks. Incraaaa in kidnay weight. thought to ba dua to increase in fluid contant of calls or "cloudy swelling. " it poaitivaly corralatad with tha dagraa of aminoaciduria auggasting a transport dafact for watar and cations aa wall aa amino acida. Electron microacopy shows that tha usual alongatad. rod-ahapad mitochondria of tha proximal ranal tubula hava bacoma oval or roundad and hava incraaaad in voluma. Criataa may ba vaaicular, but mora oftan swelling is coaflnad to tha inner compartment and tha criataa are shortened and marginal. Matrical granules bacoma less homogeneous and tand to clump. It it concluded that tha severe alterations observed in tha mitochondria of proximal tubular lining calls of laad-intoxicatod rats reflect an impairment of cnargy metabolism and are. therefore, an important factor in the pathogenesis of the observed renal tubular dysfunction. There are 23 references. --Author's abst. 974 Pulmonary Surface Tension After Sulfur Dioxide Exposure. L. M. Kahana and M. Aronovitch. Am. Rev. Reap. Dis. 98. 311 -314 (Aug., 1968). The surface tension of lung extracts has been measured with the modified Wilhelmy balance after short, high level exposure of rats to sulfur dioxide. The findings were interpreted as demonstrating an increase of surfactant activity that might suggest that this increase in sur factant activity has been caused either by increased production of surface-active substance or by some qualitative change in it. Results of an earlier study is associated with a decrease in lung elastic recoil, and the possibility was considered that such changes might be related to the pathogenesis of emphysema. Thera are 26 references. --Authors' summary 975 Adverse Effect of Oxygen on Tracheal Mucus Flow. G. A. Laurenxl, S. Yin, and J. J. Guarneri. New Engl. J. M.ed. 279. 333-339 (Aug. 15. 1968). Tha effect of oxygen on tracheal mucus flow was measured in young cats by a particle-transport technic. Any deviation from ambient oxygen tension in the inspired air. high or low, had an adverse effect on mucus flow; 100 per cent oxygen produced marked Impairment. Basal mucus flow was Improved, and the adverse oxygen effects were prevented and reversed by epinephrine compounds and adenosine triphosphate. These results, which are interpreted in terms of inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism by oxygen and tha positive effect of catecholamines on this function, suggest a subtle, but potentially dangerous, form of oxygen toxicity. There are 23 references. --Authors' abst. 976 The Effect of Arsenic on Inflammation. O. J. Stone and Carolyn J. Willis. Arch. Environmental Health 1 6. 801 -804 (June, 1968). There is clinical and experimental evidence that aa amount of arsenicals which will not produce lesions on normal skin will markedly Increase the severity of a quantitated, induced, bacterial infection. It is also known that suppression of early inflammation increases the severity of bacterial infections. An experimental model is presented in which arsenic is shown to prevent one type of early inflammation. It is proposed that arsenic damages eniymei of inflammation which are active before the cellular phase occurs. There are 15 references. Authors' abst. 977 Severe Occupational Poisoning With Cadmium Vapors and Subsequent Broncho-Pulmonary Symptoms. T. Heuily, et al. Arch. Maladies Profess. 21\ 215-220 (Jan. -Feb., 1966). Trench. A case report is given of a 55-year-old mala showing acuta pulmonary edema, dypsnea. cyanosis,-raised temperature and pulse, and arterial hypotension. Clinical and radiological details are included. Two days previously he had been cutting steal for an electric furnace, using a propane blowtorch. A study determined that the electric furnace had been used to recover nickel from Ni-Fe electrodes, and that occasionally stray Cd-Fe electrodes were Inadvertently included. In fact, while cutting tha steal with his blowtorch, tha worker had noted the sheet metal had taken on a sulfur-yellow color and that it produced intense, light yellow flames. It is believed that cadmium was volatilised, although the presence of these other metals is mentioned: iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and arsenic. Manganese, known to produce similar symptoms, was presumed to be present in very low quantities. While working, this subject had noted, at flrot; wVansation of constriction of his throat, then, of his chest, as well as a "salty mouth. " Recovery followed treatment with antibiotics and cardio vascular analeptics. --APCA Absts. 18. 3867 Industrial Hvaiene Direst October. 1968 978 Upper Rssplratorr Tract Lesions From Chromic Acid Asrosol. L. Haaaliaa. at ai. Pracovai Lekarstvt 19. 294-298 (Sept.. 1967). Cxach. Otolaryngologies! sxamlnation of 77 persons exposed to chromic acid aoroaol during chroma plating revealed: naaal mucoaa Irritation (47.75%). atrophy (34.8%). parforation of tha aaptum (19.3%). atrophy of tha naaal akaloton (9.0%). rhiaitla alcea anterior (34.8%), and lealona of tha aanaory epithelium (23.1%). Papillomae of tha oral cavity and tha larynx were found in 14 pareona. They contained 9.25 ng of chromium and wore probably cauaod by tha prolonged exposure (6.6 yaara average) to a high chromium (4 ug/l). Hiatochemical examination* of tha axciaad tumor* confirmed tha diagnoeia of papillomae; no marked aigna of atypical growth or malignant degeneration were preaant. --APCA Abate. 979 Thyroid Change* in Cae of Quebec Beer Drinker*1 Myocardoaia. P. . Roy, J. L. Bonenfant. and L. Turcot. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. SO 234.239 (Aug.. 1968). Thyroid change* were found aaaociatad with tha myocardial lealona in tha Quebec epidemic of beer drinker* ` cardiomyopathy. Colloid depletion of the thyroid was the moat conetant and important finding. The quantity of colloid in the tiaaue aeetlona waa evaluated ualng a numer ical acanner that maaaured the denaity of the ataining reaction with Schiff'a aolution. The cobalt aalta added to the beer during the brewing proceaa and abaorbed by the patient* in significant amount* may eonatitut* the main etiological factor. Cobalt baa been ahown in tha paat to produce aimilar change* in the thyroid gland. >J. Am. Med. Aaan. Reference* 6 Review* 980 Food Poiaonina Due to Copper in Morning Tea. P. O. Nicholaa. Lancet 2. 40-42 (July 6, 1968). An unuaual form of acute food poieonlng due to copper (ulphate in the water of an unaerviced gaa hot-water gayaer ia described. The morning taa brewed with the water cauaed acute vomiting and diarrhea in 20 workmen. Unleaa car* la taken to prevent copper corroalon In water heater*, the amount of copper in drinking water could be raiaed. Though this contamin ation may not caua* aymptome initially, copper Iona could be built up in tha human body over a long period and be a aource of ill health. --J. Am. Med. Aaan. Reference* k Review* 981 Copper. Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Human Blood From 19 Location* in the United State*. J. Kubota. V. A. Lazar, and F. Loaee. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 788-793 (June. 1968). Copper (Cu). zinc (Zn). cadmium (Cd). and lead (Pb) were determined ia 243 blood aamplea of male reaidenta of 19 dtiea ia the continental United State*. Tha mean Cu and Zn concentration* of all aamplea agreed doaely with value* reported by other laveetlgatora. The maana among the 19 locatione, however, differed by threefold ia Cu and fivefold ia Zn. Tha level* of Cu and Zn ia blood ia 17 location* were normally distributed about their mean* except in two location*. Unlika Cu and Zn. the concentration* of Cd and Pb varied widely among aamplea from a given location. There are 20 reference*. --Author*1 abat. 982 Studio* in Humane on the Distribution of Mercury in the Blood and the Excretion in Urine After Expoeure to Different Mercury Compound*. K. D. Lungren. A. Swans son. and U. Ulfvaraon. Scaad. J. Clin. Lab. Isveat. 20. 164-166 (Nov.. 1967). Using neutron activation analysis, tha mercury concentration in blood of 7 nonexposed control persons was 6-12 ngm/gm. In a group of peraoaa exposed to methyl mercury vapors, the mercury content ia whole blood waa 70-180 ngm/gm. in plasma 3-10 ngm/gm. A group of peraon* exposed to metallic mercury vapor* had a mercury concentration ia whole blood of 12-90 ngm/gm. in plasma 5-74 ngm/gm. The mercury concentration ia urine waa hardly increased In the alkyl mercury group but there waa a fair increase ia tha metallic mercury group. It la evident that the distribution of mercury la blood ia quit* different after exposure to different mercurial* and ao is the rate of excretion ia urine. The distribution-excretion pattern may be used for diagnostic purposes, but excretion of mercury cannot be used to evaluate exposure to alkyl mercury salts. --APCA Abat*. 19. 01 132 3868 Industrial Hrsiene Digest October. 1968 983 Relationship Bstween Environmental Exposure to Mercury and Clinical Observation. P. C. Rentos and E. J. Seligman. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 794-800 (Jum. 1968). The problems of rafining metallic morcury ns thoy relate to tha health of tha works r are described. Tha reliability of several methods for assessing the work environment is shown and a relationship between high mercury environment, increased body load of mercury (as evidenced by urinary excretion), and symptoms of marcurialism in exposed mill workers is demonstrated. Because of tha poor reliability of urine mereury levels in determining impending or early mercury poisoning, several biochemical analyses on blood of mill workers wers performed. Support is given to the currant threshold limit value (TLV) for mercury. However, tha data show that this level coataino no more than a safety factor of 2. There are 12 references. --Authors' abst. 984 Gas Chromatography of Nickel Carbonyl in Blood and Breath. F. W. Sunder-man, Jr., N. O. Roszel. and R. J. Clark. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 836-843 (June, 1968). A gas chromatographic method has been developed for the detection of nickel carbonyl in blood and breath. Nickel carbonyl has been identified in blood following exposure of rats to nickel carbonyl by inhalation. Nickel carbonyl has also been identified in breath following administration of nickel carbonyl to rats by intravenous injection. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that nickel carbonyl can pass across the pulmonary alveolus in either direction, without degradation or metabolic alteration. The gas chromatographic method is suggested as a technique for monitoring the concentrations of nickel carbonyl in Industrial atmospheres and in the blood of workmen who are accidentally exposed to inhalation of nickel carbonyl. There are 17 references. --Authors' abst. 98S Twenty-Four Cases of Lead Poisoning. Ten Years Later. A. B. Rakow and J. Lisbon. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 785-787 (June. 1968). In this follow-up survey of 24 individuals whose conditions had been diagnosed as lead poisoning ten years ago, it was learned that eight are still working in the same industry. Two of these are working in an industry with low lead exposure because of their frequent symptoms. Three additional men had returned to their jobs but only stayed a short period. Thirteen have, on advice of their physicians, never returned to their previous occupations and are now working in different ones. Thera are 4 references. --Authors' abst. 986 Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Hopatotoxlcltv. IV. Liver and Serum Enzyme Activity Putins the Acute Damase Phase. B. D. Dinman and I. A. Bernstein. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 770-776 (June, 1968). Tha general impression obtained from review of literature concerning CCI-induced hapatotoxidty suggests that one should find a reciprocal relationship between serum ansymes and liver activity. This especially would apply if hepatocytes passively lost enaymes as a result of altered permeability or actual cellular disruption. Hepatocytes damaged by CCI may produce eaaymo in response to injury. Whether such evolution could arise from da novo synthesis, activation of nascent ensyme, overloading of protein degradation pathways, or CClfinducsd starts rearrangements cannot be dearly determined. Regardless of the precise mechanism of snaymic elaboration, .an increase In these cellular and serum catalysts could represent a homeostatic rather than retrograde response: glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)- and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)-induced gluconeogenesis may be a compensatory response to glycogen depletion. Possible compensatory ends mot by other cellular ensyme increases are sot apparent at this time. There are 18 references. 'Authors' abst. t* 20. Industrial Hrziene Disest October. 1968 987 Acuta Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotnxlcity. V. Ewmrtc Actlvitr bad Structural Concomitants Purina the Rezenerativo Phase. B. O. Dinman and 1. A. Barnstaw. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 777.784 (June. 1968). Serum and hepatic enzyme activity vara studied during tha regenerative phase following CCI,lnduced liver damage. The atructural changes seen in the 36th through 72nd hour poatexpoaure period ware conalatent with previous descriptions of the response. Other investigators have also noted biochemical concomitants of regeneration during this period, is. increased protein synthesis and mitotic activity. Serum ansymas were found to increase in association with these regenerative changes. The increase of serum enzyme was distinctly separable from prior elevations associated with acute tissue damage. Smaller doses (and possibly lesser degrees of damage) caused this regenerative peak to appear earlier than with larger CC1, doses. The levels of hepatic glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (COT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) increased prior to the elevation of serum enzymes at tha low CC14 dose, but paralleled the serum increase at the higher dose level. There are 9 references. Authors' abst. 988 The Effect of Aerially Applied Malathton on an Urban Population. A. L. Gardner and R. E. Iverson. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 823*826 (June. 1968). During the St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Corpus Christt. Tex.. In tha fall of 1966. malathion was applied by .aerial spraying over tha city and outskirts to control tha vector moaqulto. A group of 119 volunteers who received varying degrees of exposure to this spray was studied. This Involved comparing pre-spray and postspray cholinesterase activities and compiling histories of exposure and symptoms. A 5% Incidence of mild and transient symptoms such as headache, nausea, and weakness was noted in the exposed volunteers, but there were no pathognomonic signs. There was no correlation of symptom frequency or severity with enzyme activity and no statistically or clinically significant change in enzyme activity related to time of spraying. It was concluded that there is negligible risk to human health involved in aerial applications of malathion. Thera are 20 references. .-Authors' abst. I INDUSTRIAL DUSTS ***~1 989 Alveolar Proteinosis. Its Experimental Production in Rodents. P. Gross and R. T. P. deTrevllle. Arch. Pathol. 86. 25$.261 (Sept.. 1968). Reprints available from Industrial Hygiene Foundation. 5231 Cestre Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa. 1S232. Rata exposed to very high concentrations of quartz dust developed alveolar proteinosis. This was associated In some regions with foci of desquamative pneumonitis. Is the proteinaceous material, there was much aggregated silica. Guinea pigs and hamsters exposed la the same chamber simultaneously with tbs rats had extensive, desquamative pneumonitis associated with relatively little alveolar proteinosis. With the lapse of time, the proteinaceous material in the air spaces tended to shrink and become friable and fragmented. Many air spaces became part ially emptied of thn proteinaceous material, and the regions of Involvement became smaller. Alveolar proteinosis Is considered to consist basically of two simultaneously occurring distur bances: failure of tbs alveolar clearance mechanism, and excessive production of alveolar macrophages. Perhaps a deficiency or lack of autolytic enzymes In the macrophages may also be Involved. There are 9 references. -.Authors' abst. 990 An Unusual Course of Pneumoconiosis In a Welder With Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax (Polish). J. Oobrowlskl. at al. Pol. Tyg. Lek. 22. 1814.1815 (Nov. 20. 1967). A case of an unusual course of Iron pneumoconiosis is presented. Despite removal of the patient from his work in welding fumes, the diseaso pregrassed, leading to almost simultan eous appearance of spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax. Re-expansion of tha left lung was initiated early. The right lung was collapsed after three weeks of treatment. Right-sided thoracotomy was performed and emphysematous bullae were resected. Histopathologic exam ination of the specimen revealed a fibrous nodule containing numerous deposits of pigment that gave a positive reaction for Iron. --Am. Rev. Rasp. Die. Abets. 21. 01 132 2870 Industrial Hviene Dieeat Octobr. 1968 991 Wt VI. Dry Gas Cleanine in the Steal Industry. H. C. Henschen. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. 18. 338-342 (May. 1968). Deciding whether tha gaa ahould ba claanad by a "dry" ayatam or a 'wet" ayatem raquiraa a full consideration of all factora of which tha capital coat ia only ona. Anticipating tha varioua problama which might ba expected and daalgolng adaquata maaauraa for aach calta for major engineering effort, but only than can a beat choice ba made. The prtnciplea which govern the above are illustrated by a typical aelection of gaa cleaning equipment to ba ueed aa part of a BOF atael malting inatallation. Two antirely different gaa cleaning ayatama are praaantly in BOF eervice in North America. Both will do an excellent job if properly daaigned. Either ayatam will coat in axceaa of S2. 000, 000 and will require careful control and large amounta of electrical power. Ona ayatam, the dry aleetroatatic precipitator, requlrea humidification of the gaa; protection againat axploaiona; elaborate electrical controla. inaulatora. etc. ; and a rugged handling ayatem for the bone dry duat collected. The other ayatem. wet waahing with water, ia aaaiar to control but uaaa large quantitiea of water and electric power. Aa in the caae of the "dry" ayatem, handling the dirt collected ia a difficult problem requiring careful atudy and choice of equipment. In either caae the duat may be diacarded or reuaed. but It muat be handled with care leat it become an air or stream pollution problem all over again. -Author's abat. 992 Submicron Air Pollution and the Uee of High Efficiency Flltera. O. O. Carly. Heating Ventilating Engr. J. Air Conditioning (London) 41. 219-222 (Nov., 1967). Filter properties of eubmlcron particle flltera are dlacuaaed, after a deacription and graphic repreaentatlon of the particle aiaea of airborne impuritiea. The filter etructure ahould permit the accumulation of large duat quantitiea without exceee rlae in preeaura loaa. Since the courae of amall partlclea (leaa than 0. 3 u) acroaa the filter will not be rectilinear, thia incraaaea the probability of their hitting a filter fiber and being retained. Adheaton can be improved by moiatened filter flbere aa wall aa thoae having aleetroatatic propertlea. Controlled acceler ation of the airflow over the normal air velocity range of the filter alao incraaaea ita efficiency. Capacity and exchange intervale are conaideratione in the aelection of a filter. Exchange inter vale mainly depend on the relationahlp between filter aurface area, air volume, duat parttcle aixe, and duat concentration. For a given end realatance the life time of a aubmlcron inatall ation of the diepoaable paper cell variety can be nearly aquared by doubling ita total aurfaca. All aubmlcron flltera ahould be protected by relatively cheap coaraa flltera to extend their life expectancy. The e odium flame teat, developed by the Brltiah Standard a institute, ia etandard for teating higb-efflciancy flltera. It providea a quick and accurate teat beets for comparing tha dust ramoval afflciancy of tha various makes and types of filters. --APCA Abate. 993 Environmental Control in tha Treatment of Allergic Individuals. L. S. Nelson. Lancet 86. (3). 221-225 (May. 1966). Roughing and electrostatic filter types are discussed and several described. Electrostatic precipitators can stop more than 90% of the microscopic solids afloat in the air, including bits ae small aa 0. 001p. Dry roughing filters are 30-95% efficient on particles larger than S u. but are costly and must be replaced when loaded with dirt. Efficiency studies on particle removal are of three types: the weight method, the duat spot ataining method, or tha particle count method. Evaluation procedures for ultrahigh-afficlency filters and electrostatic precipitators are fairly good, but there are no standards at preaent for the evaluation of roughing filters, nor ia there any agreed standard for the evaluation of pollen or virus efficiencies of flltera. Standardisation of air cleaning devices la urgently needed. --APCA Abats. 994 The Prevalence of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis. W. K. C. Morgan. Am. Rev. Reap. Die. 98. 306-310 (Aug.. 1968). A retrospective anatysia was made of seven surveys of tha prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis la Appalachia. An attempt was made to relate the rank of the coal mined in a particular region to the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the same region. l( was concluded that tha hypothesis of Hart and Aalett holds true in Appalachia in that the higher the rank of coal mined, the greater tha.j:hMe of the disease developing. Author's summary 22. IndMtrtil HrlitM Dtmt October, 1968 995 A*b**to*i* in ffitra Australia. J. V. Eldar. Mad. J. Australia 579-583 (Sapt. 23. 1967). Thirty-one patlanu with aabaateaia or aabaatosia with allieoaU have baaa atudiad at Sir Charlaa Gairdner Hoapital over a five-year pariod. Twenty-eight patients worked at Wtttaaootn Gorga aad 3 patiaata, at an aabaatoa eamaat worka. Tha dlagaoaia of aabaatoaia waa mad* oa tha baaia of a hiatory of exposure, reaulta of pulmonary function taata charactariitic of tha diffuaa intaratitial flbroaaa, aad compatlbia roontganographie changaa. From a atudy of thaaa patianta, tha following poiata amargad. (1) Under work condltloaa at Wittanoom Gorga in tha 1950'a. a pariod of oaa and oaa-half to 12 yaara1 axpoaura waa aufficiant to produca appraciabla disabil ity aad daath in 7 patianta wbaraaa at tha eamaat worka, prior to 1956, a pariod of 17 to 27 yaara waa nacaaaary to produca diaability, with daath in only oaa patlant. (2) Aabaatoaia oftaa prograaaaa after caaaatloa of axpoaura, aad pulmonary infection appaara to accelerate thia prograaa. (3) Once roeatgenographic changaa are obvious, tha diaaaae ia well advanced aad. aa a corollary, a diagnoala of aabaatoaia oa roontganographie examination of tha cheat in aarly caaea ia extremely difficult aad there ia much obaervor variation, avaa among expert*. (4) la aa aabaatoa worker, a change ia vital capacity la aoma taotancoo may indicate aabeatoeia before there ia a definite change oa tha cheat film. Aa a prophylactic moaaure, oatimation of tha vital capacity before employment aad at yearly iatarvala thereafter, ia addition to the yearly examination of tha cheat film, may indicate which workere ahould move to a laaa hacardoua induatry. (5) Steroida do not appear to play any part ia arreatlag tha prograaa of tha diaaaae; in fact, aa infection tenda to accelerate fibroaia in tha experimental animal, aad clinically in man, ataroida are boat avoided. Ia nona of tha 31 patianta atudiad did calcified pleural plaque* or meaothalioma develop, aad bronchial carcinoma occurred la only oaa patient; but thaaa complication* would not be expected in tha patiaata at Wittanoom Gorga for another 10 to 20 yaara. --Am. Rav. Reap. Dla. Abata. Editor1* Note; See alao Abatract No. 912. thia iaaua. Raadara concerned about aabaatoa bioaffacta will ba intareated la the program of tha Foundation'* 3rd Fibroua Duat Samiaar (aaa Editorial, thia iaaua). --R. x. P. d*T. 996 Duatfall in tha Vtclaltv of Cement Plant* With Reapect to Poaatbla Plaabilitlaa. Part II. H. J. Elabrodt. at al. Arch. Hyg. Bakteriol. 151. 211-229 (Aug.. 1967). German. Alr-borae duat lavala ia tha environment of cement worka war* maaaured aad their chemical aad miaeraloglcal compoaitlon examined. Value* of SiOt aad AlfO] ranged, raapactlvaly, from 14. 57 aad 3. 97% at 400 m to 17. 29 aad 4.20% at 1000 m. Fibroua change* in tha lung* of tha neighboring population are not expected, owing to tha vary low quarts content. Prelim inary examination ahowad that there waa no lacraaaa la bronchltla la famalaa dwelling near eamaat worka, compared with thoee ia other living area*. --APCA Abata. I PHYSICAL ASPECTS OT THE ENVIRONMENT I 997 Haatatroka Cauaad hr Dehydration aad Phvalcal Effort. E. Sober, at al. Arch. Internal Mad. 21. 159-161 (Aug., 1968). Haatatroka developed la a young, well-acclimatised man. who. while dehydrated, participated in strenuous physical axarelaa of abort duration. The clinical picture included coma, convul sion*. axcasaiva body temperature, disturbance* In clotting aad other aasymatlc mechanisms, aad acuta renal failure. Therapeutic meaaurea included rapid cooling uadar anestheeia (to avoid convulsion* aad shivering), maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, transfusions of fresh blood aad plasma, and hemodialysis. Three feature* of this case--continued sweating, short duration of a sever* physical effort, aad mild ambient temperature--support tha concept that heatstroke develops when excessive body temperature becomes in itaelf a noxioua agent, damaging tha body's tiaauea. The steep rise ia body temperature is due to the inability of the haat-dlaalpatlag mechanism to dissipate axceas body heat, either because the mechanism la damaged or because of overloading of a normal heat-diaalpatlag mechanism. --J. Am. Med. Aasn. References It Review* * 23. 01 132 3872 Industrial Hygiene Digest ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS 1 October. 1 ta 998 Standardisation of Methods for Measurement of Air Pollutant*. B. E. Saltzman. J. Air Poll. Control Aaan. _18, 326-329 (May. 1968). Currently available eompilationa of methods of air analysis ars listed. Collaborative testing is urgently needed to reconcile differences and to demonstrate the accuracy of these methods. The Analytical Methods Evaluation Service of the National Center for Air Pollution Control conducted a survey of the instruments and manual methods of analysis in use. Responses are tabulated from about 80 laboratories, in 28 states and 3 foreign countries. Sulfur dioxide was the most widely measured pollutant. The first collaborative study organised by the Analytical Methods Evaluation Service is described. The purpose was to evaluate the permeation tube technique as a primary standard method for generating known sulfur dioxide concentrations for instrument calibration and methods testing. Although a good beginning has been made, the testing of methods for measuring air pollutants has barely begun. There are 20 references. --Author's abst. 999 New Procedure Checks Vehicle Exhaust Emissions. Anon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2. 13-16 (Jan.. 1968). The N. J. Department of Health awarded a two-year contract to Scott Research Laboratories to develop a rapid low-cost diagnostic test for exhaust emissions from automobiles. It was this project that led to a new test sequence and equipment that takes 1 min. to complete at a cost of 30 to 40 cents per test. The test procedure gives information on the composition of automobile exhaust emissions. These data, in turn, provide a basis for determining the proper maintenance program needed to reduce vehicle emissions. The test procedure takes only a minute for a complete analysis and gives data equivalent to those obtained from the lengthier (1? min.) existing federal procedure that was used to set federal emission standards for 196B automobiles. The Scott system employs a set of inertial rolls with a fixed load that serves as external loading to absorb the power output of the automobile. This fixed loading system is inexpensive and requires minimal skill to operate. Yet. data so obtained correlate well with those from the federal procedure. --APCA Absts. 1000 Field Testing Program for Carbon Monoxide. J. D. Rayfield. J. Med. Assn. State Alabama 36, 1494. 1496. 1498-1499, 1502 (June. 1967). Two programs are described which are related to public health and CO poisoning: a hometesting program, and a school bus testing program. The first program, which began Feb. 2, 1965. led to testing of homes after physician referral of a family or persons with symptoms of CO poisoning. All household appliances which could be a source of CO were teeted. including hot water heaters, gas ovens, ranges, and space heaters. To date, 223 appliances have been tested, of which 101 were positive for CO. In a follow-up inspection of defective appliances. 93% of the occupants claimed either complete recovery or marked improvement. Case histories are described. The unvented space heater was the primary source of CO poisoning in the home. Continuous exposure to very low levels of CO in homes is a very definite health hazard. The second test program was initiated after two children arrived at school unconscious; they had bean the first to be loaded os the school bus and had been riding about 45 min. As a result. 191 school buses were tested and CO found in levels from a trace to 800 ppm in 99 buses. Exhaust systems of school buses should be redesigned to obviate possible exhaust leaks into the bus through the emergency door and the floor board. School buses should be examined frequently for possible CO exposure of occupants. --APCA Absts. i 1001 Appraisal and Modification of West-Gaoks Method for Sulfur Dioxide Determination. N. M. Trieff. at al. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. 18. 329-331 (May. 1968). Reliable results can be obtained by the West-Caeke method for the determination of SOt if tuck solutions of dye am made from the same dye batch at the same time. Cum arabic enhances significantly the stability of the SOt-tetrachloromercurate complex only at high . *> 24. 1 132 3873 Industrial Hrsiene Pitot October. 168 concentrations of SO] (^8 tg/ml). The rate of color drear is greater than that which haa been indicated in tha literature. Tha abaorbanca of tha reagent blank riaaa with time. Error analysis shewed tha probable relative error of S02 concentration to bex#. 6%. Thera are 12 references. Authors' conclusions 1002 Measurement of Odorous Air Pollutants. T. Lindvail. Nord. Hyg. Tidakr. 47 (2). 41-71 (1966). Swedish. Psychometric methods for the subjective determination of odorous air pollutants arc surveyed, with a discussion of tha physiological and psychological bases of smell. Since odors are a problem of environmental hygiene, they are studied at present by the determination of an odor threshold in a series of diluted air samples. Soma of the problems involved in such determina tions are mentioned: individual variation, adaptation, background variables, climate, etc. Psychometric methods used, such ae stimulus presentation and indicator response, and the principles of extrapolating supraliminal intensities, are discussed, as well as the different types of olfactometers. Odor thresholds found in the literature are rarely similar, due to the inaccuracy of the physical and chemical analytic methods used and to the varying statis tical and sampling techniques employed. Different odors may also interact so that the threshold to the combined smells may not be merely additive. Annoyance from odors is best studied by epidemiological methods where the exposure does is known. --APCA Abets. I PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING I 1003 New Hish-Efficlency Mist Collector. J. W. CoykeadalL E. F. Spencer, and O. H. York. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. _18, 315-318 (May, 1968). The recently developed York Type P acid mist scrubber collects phosphoric acid mists w> other very fine liquid particulatee with very high efficiency with moderate pressure drop and high throughput. Tha collector consists of a single vessel containing two stainless steel wire mesh contactors. Tha collector converts submicron sine acid mist into larger liquid particles which are collected and separated from tee gas stream before being discharged from the collector Tha first commarcial unit started operation in July, 1964, and four additional units have since been installed. Collection efficiency is 99. 94% at a pressure drop of 35-40 in water gauge. The scrubber is compact and has no moving parts. Collected acid drains by gravity to a receiving tank. Experimental development work is described and dealgn parameters such as efficiency, gas velocity, and pressure drop are discussed. There are 4 references. --Authors' abst. 1004 Operatios Experience With a Flooded Disc Scrubber - A New Variable Throat Orifice Contactor. A. B. Walks* and R. M. Hall. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. ,18. 319-323 (May. 1968). On tha basis of both laboratory tests under controlled conditions and field tests on a variety of applications, it has boon shown that tha performance of the flooded disc scrubber, a new variable throat orifice contactor, is equivalent in performance to other types of inertial impaction scrub bers - as predicted by both the inertial Impaction and energy input theories of particulate scrub bing, It la further evident, from tee correlation of pilot and full scale scrubber operations on given applications, that there is little, if any. scale-up factor required in the application of pilot scale date to full scale design. However, la applications where there le a high degree of varia tion in process conditions, care must be taken to execute pilot plant tests over the entire range of the process variables or under conditions closely simulating anticipated full scale conditions. There are 13 references. --Authors' summary 01 132 3871 25. Industrial Hysiena Dimt COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE I October. t968 1005 Estimate* ot Air Pollution in Grot Britain in 1966. A. Parker. SmoklH Air (London) 38 (144). 11 115 (Winter. 19b?). Estimate*, which will b* included in the Clean Air Year Book of 1968*69, are tabulated. The total amounts of pollutants discharged from the commercial and industrial consumption of coal and oil were 0. 96 million tons (m. tons) of smoke, 0. 6 m. tons of frit and dust, and 6. 28 m. tons of SO], From the domestic and industrial consumption of coke, 0. 97 m. tons of smoke. 0.6 m. tons of grit and dust, and 4. 26 m. tons of SO* were produced. All this pollution is estimated to have emanated from the combustion of 172. 1 m. tons of coal, 12. 6 m. tons of coke, and 59.0 m. tons of oil. Pollutants from the operation of road vehicles, using 11. 322 m. tons of gasoline and 4. 041 m. tons of diesel fuel, are listed: CO (5. 38 m. tons), hydrocarbons (0. 276 m. tons), aldehydes (0. 013 m. tons), cocides of nitrogen (0. 23 m. tone), and SO, (0. OS tons). --A PCA Absts. 1006 Effects of Air-Fuel Stoichiometry on Air Pollutant Emissions From an Oil-Fired Test Furnace. J. H. Wasaer, R. P. Hangebrauck. A. J. Schwarta. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. ^8. 332*33? (May. 1968). This paper describes an experimental, domestic-sited, oil-fired furnace to be used for evaluation of fuel additives and equipment design modifications in reducing air pollutant emissions. Operating data and emissions of particulate matter, smoke, carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulfur are reported over the range of operable air-fuel ratio. Emission levels are interpreted in terms of key operating para meters and potential areas for reduction of emissions. There are 19 references. --Authors' abst. 1007 Injury by Sulfur Dioxide, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Chlorine as Observed and Reflected on Vegetation in the Field. I. J. Hindasri. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. ^8. 307-312 (May. 1968). Plants were examined at three different locations in the eastern part of the United States to determine whether damage from air pollution had occurred. This paper discusses sulfur dioxide damage In the metropolitan New York City area; hydrogen fluoride damage near a glass fiber manufacturing plant in the midwest; and hydrochloric acid mist and chlorine damage from a manufacturing operation in an eastern state. The symptoms that developed in vegeta tion were often found to be similar. Chemical and microscopical analyses were helpful in diagnosing the toxicants. There are 24 references. --Author's abst. 1008 Ultrastructural Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Cells. R. F. Bile. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. It, 313-314 (May, 1968). The lunge of exposed mice taken during 2- to 3-hour heavy smog periode (over 0. 4 ppm total oxidants) showed various degrees of cytoplasmic damage in the alveolar epithelial cells. The extent of damage was markedly age-dependent. Alveolar wall cells taken during heavy smog from 5-month-old animals contained slightly more lamellar inclusion bodies than corresponding animals kept in clean air. The cytoplasm of alveolar cells of 9-month-old animals sacrificed during heavy smog was severely disorganised; however, animals of this age showed a marked recovery 14 hours following the smog peak. In a group of older mice (21 months), similar cytoplasmic damage was obvious, and those sacrificed 24 hours after the heavy smog peak showed even more cellular disruption, suggesting irreversible damage In the older animals. The effect of synthetic photochemical smog showed a pattern of ultrastructural alterations similar to that of the heavy natural smog. Soma permanent changes occurred in alveolar cells of 15-month-old mice. Partial recovery of lining cells took place, but few wall cells and phagocytes remained. If older lung tissue has relatively fewer wall calls a* is indicated, recovery is decreased to the point of permanent damage. Coupled with extensive disruption of lining membranes, exposures of this nature may well cauee the death of older animal*. There are 9 references. --Author's abst. 26. 01 132 3875 industrial Hygiene Dlmt October. 1968 1009 Biological Elltcu of Urban Air Pollution, V. A Study ef Effects of Lot Anaelea A tinoinhere on Laboratory Rodanta. L. C. Wayne and L. A. Chambers. Arch. Environmental Haalth lb. 871-885 (Juno. 1988). Rodanta exposed to tha ambiont atmosphere of Loa Aagolaa throughout their livea have bean atudled in comparlaon with animals maintained in amog-llltarad atmospheres. In aging inbred mica of certain atraina, thara was an incraaaad incidence of pulmonary adenoma, in one atrain mortality of malaa (but not famalea) during the firat year of life waa incraaaad. Severe amog epiaodea cauaad lung tiaaue altarationa at the uitraatructural level, aapecially in mica older than 15 montha. Severe epiaodea produced traneient increaaea in pulmonary reaiatanca in old guinea piga but no demonatrable chronic or cumulative effecta on thia parameter. In guinea piga aenaitiaed by prior atreaa treatment, urinary excretion of 17-katogenic ateroida waa enhanced by ambient atmoaphere expoaure. After two or three yeare of expoaure, rabbita exhibited reduced activity of glutamic oxalacetic tranaaminaae in blood aerum. There are 14 referencea. -Author a' abat. 1010 Acute Effecta of Air Pollutanta on the Lunge. D. M. Aviado and H. Salem. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 903-907 (June. 1968). The inhalation of chamicala initiatea reaponaea which can be grouped into four arena: (I) tha airwaye which reapond by bronchoeonatriction to initiate the cough reflex: (2) tha bron chial blood veaaela which undergo changee to reduce abaorption of the chemical aubatancaa via the bronchial mucoaa; (3) the pulmonary blood veaaela which reapond to reduce abaorption of the toxic irrltante via the alveolar capillariee; and (4) the heart and eyatemic veaaela which retard the dietributloa of the chemical eubetance to the vital organa. There are 38 referencea. --Authors' abat. 1011 How Weather Affecta Air Pollution--And Vice Veraa. O. Lohman. Penn. Health 28. (2), 12-14 (Summer. 1967). Tha mataorlogical conditiona which are important to air pollution are diacueeed: dlaperalon (lateral, vertical), wind apeed. and atability. Where the temperature of a layer of atmoaphere Increaaea inatead of decreaaing with height, an inveraion condition exiata and the air ia very atable. capturing air pollutanta below the warmer layer. Whoa eubaiding layera of air become warmer than tha layera of air beneath them, an inveraion. termed a aubaidence inveraion. ia farmed. Both Unde of inverelono can affect air pollution. Air pollution may aiao affect the weather by forming condeaaation nuclei for raindropa. thna leading to Incraaaad rainfall, or. if too many condenaation nuclei form, the water vapor condenaea into a mlat rather than falling aa rain, thua cauaing aome droughta. Air pollution, aalda from changing air tempera ture by the ahie Idlag effect ef CO may aiao decreaae the amount of aunahine reaching tha earth'a aurface. --APCA Abata. 1012 Recovery of Heat and Chamicala From Kraft Furnace Flue Caaea. I. S. Shah. Paper Trade J. 152. 6S-67 (March 11. 1968). The recovery furnace ia the prime eource of kraft mill air pollution. Tha mechaniam of the releaep of sodium compounds and sulfur-bearing malodorous gases la outlined. For the re- covery_ef heat and chemicals from the flue gaa leaving tha recovery furnace there are three systems Is wide use la North America: the cascade precipitator system, the cyclone-pre- cipltatar system, and the venturi-evaporator-scrubber system. Tha operating characteristics and the advantages and disadvantages of these systems arc discussed. --APCA Abate -* 27 01 132 3876 Industrial Hvtana Digest October, 1968 1013 Air Pollution Problems at a Proposed Mtfyiii Chemical Fertiliser Plant- a Case Study. R. S. Scorer. Atm. Environ. 1. 35-48 (Jan.. 1968). This study was undertaken on behalf of She lls tar Limited in 1966, who planned to build a fertilizer plant on tha aouth aida of tha Mersey aatuary. Tha chiaf probiama aroaa from ita cioaeneaa to tha town of Helsby, aomt of whoaa houaaa ara on high ground within a mila of tha aita. Thara waa aiao tha riak of a haaa of ammonium eompounda of a kind already experienced on Tees;-aide. From a atudy of racorda aalactad from suitably choaan mataorological offica stations and a knowledge of tha topography and tha behavior of fog and wind* in tha Meraayaide area it waa found that in vary atabla conditiona the air drift waa away from Halaby and that although the moat common wind waa from tha aita toward Halaby thla waa normally more unatabla and fraahar than average. Tha foga on Meraayaide ara of a quite different nature fromthoaa onTees-side and no chemical haaa problem ia expected. The caaa Uluatrataa the importance of making the correct corratationa of mataorological elementa becauae tha prime facte implicationa of long-term averagea of individual elementa are quite mieleading ia thia caaa. None of tha important probiama in thia caaa were aoluble by uaa of diaperatoa formulae. During the atudy it became obvioua that although there ia often a aerioue reduction in vialbillty in the aouth Meraayaide area from diatant pollution, domeatic pollution in Halaby la tha worat problem there. Other major aourcea are the BICC worka in Halaby, Inca Power Station. Stan- low Refinery, and road and rail traffic. Tha traffic waa alao a aubatantial aource of noiaa. Tha new plant would not be a aourca aa bad aa any of theae. --A PCA Abata. 1014 Tha Double Contact Procaaa For Sulfuric Add Production. W. Moeller and K. Winkler. J. Air Poll. Control Aaan. 18. 324-325 (May. 1968). I In the usual contact planta 97-98% of the SO] ia oxidised to SO) while the remaining 2-3% nonoxidized SO) are emitted. The atack gaa generally contains 0. 2-0. 3% by volume SOj. Through changing to the Bayer Doubla Contact proceea, the converaion can be raised to 99. 5% or higher. The sulfuric acid can be produced at tha same coat aa with tha aiagle contact method, since tha additional capital investment ta compensated by higher yield throughput (this applies to Germany). Based on equilibrium considerations, tha rates of conversion obtainable with the contact and double contact procaaees are shown. The theoretical results ara compared with the values obtained ia practical operations. The fundamentals of tha process ara explained and the experience so far accumulated ts discussed. Tha first double contact plant waa started up ia March. 1964. By the end of 1966 aa many as sixteen double contact plants were in operation and a further ten will go into production duriag 1967. These plants use sulfur, pyrtte, sine aulfide. or aulfates as raw materials. One reference is givea. --Authors' abat. 1015 The Diesel Enslas and Atmospheric Pollution. H. E. Styles, J, V re boa. and P. J. Lawther. World Health Organ. Chroa. (Geneva) 21. 201-206 (May, 1967). According to this review (based on report WHO/AP/67/28), the actual contribution of the diesel engine to:air pollution is a relatively minor one and could be controlled with little difficulty and at small cost by appropriate selection of engine power and by the proper calibration, maintenance, and overhaul of fuel pumps and injectors. No excess of lung cancer or chronic bronchitis has been demonstrated in groups occupationally exposed to high levels of vehicular exhaust. ; A usual method of investigation is that involving detailed analysis of materials from engine exhausts under controlled, defined operating conditions. This method should be sup plemented by accurate measurements of the levels of specific pollutants ia the ambient air. Motor vehicle exhausts ara regarded as very minor sources of atmospheric pollution compared with the inefficient combustion of coal. The odor of diesel exhausts is frequently objectionable, but the chemical nature of the offending substances is unknown. Diesel anginas that omit need iest amount* of smoke ara either underpowered or overloaded, and in either case are being overfueled. --APCA Abats. fill 132 3877 28. Industrial Hyiin Digest Octobr. 1068 1016 Hazards in Diesel Smoke. B. P. Sinha end S. Panda. J. Indian Mad. Assn. 49. 3J0-332 (Oct.. 1967). Four mongral dog* wara fad ataadard maala and aubjaetad for 15 min. daily to tha eombuation produeta (concentration not estimated) of diaaal fual in a woodan chambar for 5-8 weeks or until daath. Tha diaaal fual praviouaty had baan aprayad and burnad In tha air inaida tha *- poaura chambar. Aftar 2 waaka. thay davalopad aaoraxia. darmatltia. conjunctivitis, aclaritia ulcerationa. generalised waatlnf, dullnaaa, tonic and clonic convulaiona, emphysema, livar changes, and pulmonary adama. Thraa diad. Tha raaulta ara comparad with othara raportad elaewhara. --APCA Abata. 1017 Influenca of Fual Prooartlaa and Effact of Antiamoka Addittvaa on Diaaal Exhaust Smoke. C. McConnall. at al. SAE J. 76. 36-46 (March. 1968). Smoke ia tha predominant characterietlc of diaaal exhauat. Tha affect of a change in fual cetane number or volatility on amoking ia unpredictable. Changing either tha mode of operation or tha angina daaign may be a batter way to improve amoking ia tha diaaal exhauat. Anti-smoke edditivea on tha other hand, particularly barium-treated addittvaa. have reduced diaaal amoke aigniflcantly. --APCA Abata. 1018 Benso(a)orroaa in Gaaollaa Partially Peraiata in Automobile Exhauat. C. R. Begaman and J. M. Colucci. Science 161. 271 (July 19. 1968). On avaraga 36 percent of tha beaao(a)pyrene in an automobile'a axhauat gaa coma a from the benso(a)pyreae originally in tha gaaoline. Between 0.1 and 0.2 percent of tha benso(a)pyrena in tha gaaoline aurvivaa tha eombuation procaaa and la recovered from tha axhauat; S percent accumulatee in tha crankcaae oil. Soma of tha benso(a)pyrene ia tha gaaoline ia converted into other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other more polar compounds. For our experiments wa used commercial gaaoline containing benso(a)pyrene at 1.0 part per million to which was added benso(a)pyrana-8, 9-14C at 1.1 parts par million as a radioactive tracer. There are 6 references. --Authora1 sbat. I ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION 1019 Meaenterr and Bowel Injury From Automotive Seat Balts. C. L. Witte. Ann. Surg. 167. 486 (1968). In reporting five cases of ruptured latestins and/or laceration of intaatiaal mesentery caused by acute frontal deceleration against lap scat baits. It is suggested that further Improvements ia tha design of seat belts should bo davalopad. Tha Impact force in a head-on collision ia estimated at about 2000 pounds, and experimental work a hows that tha sudden application of 8 pounds raises internal jejunal pressure to 300 mm. Hg. the level beyond which small Intes tine ruptures. The small bowel characteristically ruptures on the antlmesenterlc border in a length-wise direction. Gastric and colonic perforations are uncommon. Tha forward acceler ation ad tha upper torso with a constrained pelvis may also causa the lap scat belt to act as a fulcrum Bar acute flexion of tha trunk. A shoulder harness may prevent this as wall as tha facial and head injuries caused by the hand striking the dashboard. Tha ataadard seat bait does hNp the victim in the car and thus undoubtedly reduces the severity of the injuries, but there are injuries attributed to its usa. Further modification of seat belt design is needed. -Can. Mad. Assn. J. Abata. 1020 Wrinser Injuries ia Children. J. E. Allen. A. R. Beck, and T. C. Jewett. Jr. Arch. Surg. 97. 194-197 (Aug.. 1968). The majority of the patients with wringer injuries coma from lower economic groups whara this type of washing machine is usually used and where parental suparviaion may be leas rigid. Friction and compression forces causa a variety of tissue damage. With a uniform program of hospital admission, bulky compresslonerss sings, constant elevation, and cloae obaervation. 93% of 115 patients had no lasting'aaquallaa from thalr injuries. Public education on tha hazards of a wringer washing machine, better safety features, and closer auperviaion of tha child would help prevent such injuries. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References 6 Reviews 29. Industrial Hygiene Digest INDEX Aceidentjs^ injur y(ies) mesentery end bowel from seat belts 1019 wringer, in children 1020 A'ir_gollutents acute effects on lungs 1010 standardization for measurement 998 Air pollution biological effects of urban 1009 control at Merseyside fertiliser plant 1013 contact sulfuric acid production 1014 recovery of heat and chemicals from kraft flue gases 1012 from |diesel engine 1015 meaaurement(s) emissions from oil-fired test furnace 1008 in Great Britain in 1966 1005 meteorology effect of weather 1011 ultrastructural effects on lung cslls 1008 vegetation damage la the field 1007 Alabama field testing program for carbon monoxide 1000 Alcoholism demineralisation of dorsum saline 932 Alleriy(les) roughing and electrostatic filters for control 993 A_lveolarjrotsiaosls experimental production in rodents 989 Analysts, measuremsnt of air pollutants 998 Arsenic, sffoct on inflammation 976 Asbestosis, in western Australia 995 Atherosclerosis in person dying violently 941 Australia, asbestosis in western 995 Bensofalpyrene, in exhaust gases Benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions treatment of acne Black bears, trichinosis in Vermont Brucella abortus la cream products Burns 1 pulmonary complications la patients treatment pseudomonas vaccine and hyper- . immune plasma Bursitis, short term treatment of acute 1018 967 953 934 962 963 933 Cadmium in human blood severe occupational poisoning from electrode fumes Canadian Esktmos glycosuria and diabetes in Cancer lung relation to smoking and fur! consumption 981 977 943 94 ' 30. October. 196a Cancer (Continued) value of six-monthly chest radiographs nasal in woodworkers Carbon monoxide field testing program in Alabama poisoning myocardial toxicity neurological complications Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity acute Cement plants dustfall in vicinity and possible lung damage Chlorin^ injury to vegetation in the field Chromic acid respiratory tract lesions from plating Coal workers prevalence of pneumoconiosis Cobalt thyroid changes la Quebec beer drinkers Copper in human blood poisoning in morning tea Cream products. Brucella abortus in 949 952 1000 968 969 987 986 996 1007 978 994 979 981 980 934 Dermatitis, dsrmatosis(es) Fabre, Jean Henri and patch test from nickel implanted earrings treatment benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions Diabetes in Canadian Eskimos melUtus, in old age Diesel effect of antismoke additives on exhaust engine air pollution smoke hazards Drug abusers, characteristics of Dust(s) alveolar proteinosis from quarts collector(e) collection wet vs dry gas cleaning in steal industry in vicinity of esment plants and possible lung damage 964 965 967 943 942 1017 1015 1016 927 989 991 996 Electrostatic precipitator(s) control of allergies Emphysema cooperative study of measurements pulmonary densitometric analysis of lung tissue effect of cigarette smoke 99) 960 958 957 01 132 3879 Induatrtal Hygiene Direct Exhauat aaaaa, automotive engine* benao(a)pyrena coolant dieael(a) air pollution from effect of antlamoka additive in hasarda in imoka new procadura for checking Eve annual review: tha lena and vltreoua reading aide for tha partially aighted 1018 101 S 1017 1016 999 928 929 Fabre. Jean Henri, and the patch teat 964 Fertiliaar plant air pollution control at Meraayeldo 1013 Filter(c) high efficiency for aubmieron particlaa 992 Fluorido(a) determination in bona with fluoride electrode 970 Foodlal Brucella abortua In cream producta 934 poiaoning due to copper in morning tea 980 Great Britain eatimatlon of air pollution in 1966 100S Hanaon'a dlaeaee (laproay) in Toronto area Health to meet the nation'a need. 1968 Shetruck lecture Heart diaeaae relation to occupation and education Heatatroke cauaed by dehydration and phyeleal effort Hvdroaen fluoride injury to vegetation in the field Hvdroaen auiflde, haearda of Hyperteneion licorice effect of induced paeudoaidoeteronlem 966 926 938 997 1007 971 939 940 Inaectlcide^ effect of aerially applied me lathi on on urbaa population 988 Kraft flue paat recovery of heat and chemicala 1012 Laaer(a), hepatic tniury Lead in human blood poiaoning 24 caeea 10 yaara later effect on renal tubule Leproey (Haaaen'a diaeaae} in Toronto area 961 981 985 973 966 31. October. 1968 Licorice effect on hyperteneion 939 induced paeudoaldoateroniem 940 Lunal a) acute effecta of air pollutante 1010 cytoplaamic activity in Type I pulmon ary epithelial cetla 935 ultraatructural effecta of air pollution 1008 Malathion effect of aerially applied on urban population Medical criata in our time Mercury diatribution in blood and urine In humane environmental expoaure and clinical obaervatioa Metala, in human blood Minora annual cycle in ventilatory capacity of men with pneumoconioaie Mlat collector, for phoephortc acid Mite infeatationa of man contracted from doge and cata Movie proiectionlata chronic nonopeclflc reepiratory diaeaae in 988 925 982 983 981 959 1003 954 930 Nickel dermatitle from implanted carriage Nickel carbonyl gaa chromatography in blood and breath Nitrogen dioxide lung function following expoaure and recovery 965 984 972 Odorfa) meaeurement of air pollutante Oil-fired teat furnace meaeurement of air pollutante from Ophthalmology annual review: the lena and vltreoua reading aide for the partially aighted Oxygen adveree effect on tracheal mucua flow concentration in tente and Incubatore in pediatric practico 1002 1006 928 929 97 5 931 Phoaphorlc acid mlot collector Pigeon fanclora Infiltrative lung dieeaee Plague human. InU.S.. 1900-1966 Pnoumoconloalo annual cycle in ventilatory capacity in man in a welder prevalence of coal workara* Paychiatry characterletlce of drug abuaere 1003 951 955 969 990 994 927 01 132. 3880 Industrial Hygiene Dimt Pulmonary complication* in burn* patient of mechanical ventilation cytoplasmic activity in Typa X epithelial call* surface tanaion after sulfur dioxide exposure 962 937 935 974 Quarts1 dust, alveolar proteinosis from Quebec thyroid changes in bear drinker* 989 979 Scrubber operating experience with flooded dise 1004 Seat belts, mesentery and bowel Injury 1019 Smoking during pregnancy 950 effect(s) nicotine cardiovascular associated with ' 946 circulatory, of aerosol 944 on emphysema 957 habits1 of man in industry, and mortality 948 mouth absorption of various compounds 947 Steel industry, wet v* dry sae cleaning 991 Sulfurdiodde determination West-Gaeke method 1001 injuryto vegetation in the field 1007 pulmonary surface tension after exposure 974 Sulfuric acid pollution control in contact process 1014 Threshold limit value* of air-borne contaminants for 1968 Toronto, leprosy (Hansen's disease} Toxicology, in the emergency room T richinosia , in Vermont black bears Tuberculosis natural history of in human body p.llt 966 956 953 936 Vermont, trichinosis in black bears 953 Weather, effect on air pollution Welder unusual course of pneumoconiosis West-Gaeko method for sulfur dioxide determination Woodworkers, nasal >_ W ringer injuries in children 1011 990 1001 952 1020 Zinc, in human blood Zoonoses human plague in U.S., 1900*1968 mite Infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats pigeon fanciers lung diseases trichinosis in Vermont black bears 981 955 954 951 953 32. October. 1968 01 132 3881 Industrial Hygiene Mmt ADDRESSES OF JOURNALS ABSTRACTED October. 1968 Air Eng. Air Engineering P. O. Bos 6000 Birmingham. Mich. 48012 Am. J. Clin. Pathol. A marlean Journal of Clinical Pathology William* i. Wilkin* Co. 428 E. Praaton St. Baltimor*. Md. 21202 Am. Rav. Raap. DU. A marie an Review of Respiratory Diaaaaa* 1790 Broadway Now York. N. Y. 10019 Anal. Cham. Analytical Chamiatry 1155 Sixteenth St. Washington. D. C. 20036 Ann. Internal Mad. Anna!* of Internal Medicine 4200 Pine St. Philadelphia. Pa. 19104 Ann. Surg. Annate of Surgery J. B. Lippineott Co. E. Washington Sq. Philadelphia. Pa. 19105 Arch. Dermatol. A rchives of Dermatology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Environmental Health A rchive* of Environmental Health 53S N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Hyg. Bakterlol. Archiv fur Hygiene and Baktnriologin U rben ! Schwarsanberg Pettenkoferetraese 18 Munchan IS. Germany Arch. Internal Med. A rehives of Internal Medicine 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Maladies Profess. Med. Travail Securita Social* Madison Editaur Ci* 120 Blvd. St. - Germain Pari* 6. Franc* .^ 33. Arehj^Oghthalmol^ Archives of Ophthalmology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago, 111. 60610 Arch. Pathol. Archive* of Pathology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60610 Arch. Surg. Archives of Surgery 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Atmospheric Environ. Atmospheric Environment Pergamon Pr.. Inc. 44-01 21st St. Long Island City. N. Y 11101 Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine British Medical Association B. M.A. House. Tavistock Sq. London. W.C. 1. England Brit. J, Radiol. British Journal of Radiology 32 Welbeck St. London. W. 1. England Brit. Med. J. British Medical Journal Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England Can. Med. Assn. J. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1 50 St. George St. Toronto 5. Canada Cham. Eng. News Chemical It Engineering News 1155 Sixteenth St.. N.W. Washington. D. C 20036 Clin. Pharmacol. Thor. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics C. V. Mosby Co. 3207 Washington Blvd. St. Louis. Mo. 63103 Diseases of Chest American College of Cheat Physicians 113 E. Chestnut St. Chicago. III. 60611 01 35^ Industrial Hygiene Dinit October. 19611 Environ. Sci. Technol. Environmental Science and Technology American Chemical Society 1155 1 bth St. . N. W . Washington. D. C. 20036 Geriatrics 84 S. 1 Oth St. Minneapolis. Minn. 55403 Heating and Ventilating Enginaer and Journal of Air Conditioning Techmtrade Journals Ltd. 11/13 Southampton Row London, W. C. 1. England Israel J. Med. Sci. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences Weizmann Science Press. Jerusalem. Israel J. Air Poll. Control Ann. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 4400 Fifth Ave.. Pittsburgh. Pa. 15213 J. Am. Med. Assn. Journal of the American Medical Association 535 N. DearbornSt.. Chicago. 111. 60610 J. Indian Med. Assn. Journal of the Indian Medical Association 23 Samavaya Maneionn Corporation Place Calcutta 13, India J. Med. Assn. State Alabama Journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama 19 S. Jackson St. Montgomery, Alabama 36104 Lancet 7 Adam St.. Adelphi London, W. C. 1. England Med. Bull. (Std. Oil N. J. ) Medical Bulletin (Standard Oil N. Jersey) 30 Rockefeller Plaaa New York, N. Y. 10020 Med. J. Australia Medical Journal of Australia Seamer St., Glebe Sidney, N.S.W., Australia New Engl. J. Med. New England Journal of Medicine 10 Shattuck St., Boston. Maas. 02115 Nord. Hyg. Tidskr. Nordisk Hygieniak Tldskrtft Box 403, Stockholm, Sweden Paper T rads J. Paper Trade Journal Lockwood Trade Journal Co., Inc. 49 W. 45th St., New York. N. Y. 10036 . - f* 34. Penn. Health Pennsylvania's Health. Dept, of Health Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Harrisburg. Pa. 17120 Penna. Med. Pennsylvania Medicine Pennsylvania Medical Society Taylor Bypass and Erford Road Lemoyne, Pa. 17043 Pol. Tyg. Lek. Polski Tygodnik Lekarski Ul. Dtuga 38-40 Warszawa. Polska (Poland) Pracovni Laker. Pracovni Lekarstvi Postovni Novinovy Urad Jindrisska 14, Prague 3. Cxech. Quart. J. Med. Quarterly Journal of Medicine Oxford University Press Amen House. Warwick Sq. London, E. C. 4, England S.A.E. Journal Society of Automotive Engineers 485 Lexington Ave. New York. N. Y. 10017 Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Medisinsk Fyslologisk Eorenings Forlag, Medical Dept. A, Rlkshospitalet Oslo, Norge Science American Association for Advancement of Science 1 51 5 Massachusetts Ave., N.W. Washington. D. C. 20005 Smokeless Air (London) National Society for Clean Air Field House, Breams Building London. E.C. 4. England Thorax British Medical Association B.M.A. House, Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England World Health Organ. Chron. WHO Chronicle World Health Organisation, Sales Section Geneva, Switzerland Yale J. Biol. Med. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 333 Cedar St., New Haven. Conn. 06511 01 132 3883